Entry Kay:1993:EHS from sigplan1990.bib

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BibTeX entry

@Article{Kay:1993:EHS,
  author =       "Alan C. Kay",
  title =        "The early history of {Smalltalk}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "69--95",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:34 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/; http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/154766/p69-kay/",
  abstract =     "Most ideas come from previous ideas. The sixties,
                 particularly in the ARPA community, gave rise to a host
                 of notions about ``human-computer symbiosis'' through
                 interactive time-shared computers, graphics screens and
                 pointing devices. Advanced computer languages were
                 invented to simulate complex systems such as oil
                 refineries and semi-intelligent behavior. The soon to
                 follow paradigm shift of modern personal computing,
                 overlapping window interfaces, and object-oriented
                 design came from seeing the work of the sixties as
                 something more than a ``better old thing''. That is,
                 more than a better way: to do mainframe computing; for
                 end-users to invoke functionality; to make data
                 structures more abstract. Instead the promise of
                 exponential growth in computing/\$/volume demanded that
                 the sixties be regarded as ``{\em almost\/} a new
                 thing'' and to find out what the actual ``new things''
                 might be. For example, one would compute with a
                 handheld ``Dynabook'' in a way that would not be
                 possible on a shared mainframe; millions of potential
                 users meant that the user interface would have to
                 become a learning environment along the lines of
                 Montessori and Bruner; and needs for large scope,
                 reduction in complexity, and end-user literacy would
                 require that data and control structures be done away
                 with in favor of a more biological scheme of protected
                 universal cells interacting only through messages that
                 could mimic any desired behavior. Early Smalltalk was
                 the first complete realization of these new points of
                 view as parented by its many predecessors in hardware,
                 language and user interface design. It became the
                 exemplar of the new computing, in part, because we were
                 actually trying for a qualitative shift in belief
                 structures---a new Kuhnian paradigm in the same spirit
                 as the invention of the printing press---and thus took
                 highly extreme positions which almost forced these new
                 styles to be invented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  confdate =     "20-23 April 1993",
  conflocation = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  confname =     "HOPL-II. The second ACM SIGPLAN conference on History
                 of programming languages, April 20--23, 1993,
                 Cambridge, MA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  keywords =     "Belief structure; design; Kuhnian paradigm; languages;
                 Smalltalk; User interface",
  subject =      "{\bf K.2} Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING,
                 Software. {\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications, Smalltalk. {\bf D.3.2}
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Smalltalk-80. {\bf K.2} Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, Hardware. {\bf D.2.2}
                 Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
                 Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf K.2} Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, XEROX. {\bf K.8.0}
                 Computing Milieux, PERSONAL COMPUTING, General. {\bf
                 D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors,
                 Interpreters.",
  thesaurus =    "History; Smalltalk",
}

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