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BibTeX entry
@Article{Krall:1994:ISS,
author = "Andreas Krall",
title = "Improving Semi-static Branch Prediction by Code
Replication",
journal = j-SIGPLAN,
volume = "29",
number = "6",
pages = "97--106",
month = jun,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "SINODQ",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/178243.178252",
ISBN = "0-89791-598-4",
ISBN-13 = "978-0-89791-598-4",
ISSN = "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0362-1340",
bibdate = "Wed Jun 18 16:26:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/pldi/178243/index.html",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pldi/178243/p97-krall/",
abstract = "Speculative execution on superscalar processors
demands substantially better branch prediction than
what has been previously available. In this paper we
present code replication techniques that improve the
accuracy of semi-static branch prediction to a level
comparable to dynamic branch prediction schemes. Our
technique uses profiling to collect information about
the correlation between different branches and about
the correlation between the subsequent outcomes of a
single branch. Using this information and code
replication the outcome of branches is represented in
the program state. Our experiments have shown that the
misprediction rate can almost be halved while the code
size is increased by one third.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
annote = "Published as part of the Proceedings of PLDI'94.",
classification = "C1180 (Optimisation techniques); C4240 (Programming
and algorithm theory); C6110P (Parallel programming);
C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
conflocation = "Orlando, FL, USA; 20-24 June 1994",
conftitle = "ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Programming Language
Design and Implementation (PLDI)",
corpsource = "Inst. fur Computersprachen, Tech. Univ. Wien,
Austria",
keywords = "algorithms; branch prediction; code replication; code
size; dynamic branch prediction scheme; measurement;
misprediction rate; optimisation; parallel programming;
performance; profiling; program compilers; program
state; programming theory; semistatic branch
prediction; speculative execution; superscalar
processors",
sponsororg = "ACM",
subject = "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
Processors, Optimization. {\bf D.3.4} Software,
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Compilers. {\bf
F.2.2} Theory of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY, Nonnumerical Algorithms and
Problems, Computations on discrete structures.",
treatment = "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}
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30(6)174,
30(8)189,
30(11)60,
30(11)70,
31(11)21,
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33(7)27
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29(4)58,
29(6)73,
29(6)85,
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30(6)139,
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28(3)353,
28(6)68,
28(6)100,
28(6)112,
28(6)126,
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28(6)278,
28(7)1,
28(7)13,
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26(11)33,
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32(7)252,
33(5)72,
33(5)130,
34(5)229
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25(6)66,
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28(6)177,
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29(11)2,
29(11)274,
29(11)319,
30(11)20-1
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32(10)142,
34(7)20
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25(6)40,
25(6)66,
25(6)102,
25(6)137,
25(6)150,
25(6)234,
25(6)272,
25(6)322,
25(6)337,
26(6)130,
26(6)192,
26(6)204,
26(6)241,
26(6)256,
27(9)98,
27(9)238,
28(3)363,
28(6)78-1,
28(6)268,
28(6)278,
28(6)290,
29(6)85,
29(6)171,
29(6)302,
29(11)183,
30(6)32,
30(6)47,
30(6)56,
30(6)186,
30(6)246,
30(11)7,
30(11)60,
30(11)134,
31(5)193,
31(9)60,
32(5)194,
32(5)334,
33(5)72,
33(5)85-1,
33(5)142,
33(11)24,
33(11)262,
33(11)272
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25(4)59,
25(6)85-1,
25(6)296,
25(8)80,
26(6)80,
26(6)80-1,
27(7)1,
27(7)12,
27(7)82,
27(7)212,
27(7)283,
27(9)262,
27(12)61,
28(2)21,
28(3)69,
28(3)97,
28(3)201,
28(3)333,
28(3)345,
28(3)359,
28(3)363,
28(6)26,
28(6)156,
28(7)13,
28(7)23,
28(7)44,
28(7)92,
28(11)2,
29(6)171,
29(6)186,
29(6)278,
29(8)59,
29(8)94,
29(8)101,
29(11)242,
29(11)286,
29(11)319,
30(2)25,
30(3)35,
30(6)23,
30(6)93,
30(6)130,
30(6)139,
30(6)196,
30(6)246,
30(6)301,
30(6)315,
30(8)58,
30(8)189,
30(11)31,
32(4)27,
32(5)215,
32(10)162,
33(7)51,
33(8)23,
33(11)252
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29(4)41,
29(4)58,
29(6)49,
29(6)73,
29(6)85,
29(6)159,
29(6)257-1,
29(6)266,
29(9)38,
29(10)229,
29(10)244,
29(10)324,
29(10)453,
29(11)110,
30(6)130,
30(6)139,
30(6)279,
30(8)80-1,
30(8)112,
30(8)134,
34(1)39
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29(6)1,
29(6)13,
29(6)24,
29(6)36,
29(6)49,
29(6)61,
29(6)73,
29(6)85,
29(6)107,
29(6)121,
29(6)135,
29(6)147,
29(6)159,
29(6)171,
29(6)186,
29(6)196,
29(6)206,
29(6)218,
29(6)230,
29(6)242,
29(6)257-1,
29(6)266,
29(6)278,
29(6)290,
29(6)302,
29(6)313,
29(6)326,
29(6)337-1,
29(6)349-1
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25(3)109,
27(9)76,
28(6)187,
28(6)300,
29(6)73,
29(6)196,
29(11)122,
29(11)132-1,
29(11)232,
29(11)242,
30(6)67,
30(6)79,
30(6)79-1,
30(10)108,
30(10)108-1,
30(11)1,
31(9)128,
31(9)138,
31(10)83,
33(11)170,
34(7)35,
34(8)151
- previously,
26(6)219,
27(7)200,
27(7)331,
28(6)197,
28(7)64,
29(11)76-1,
29(11)208,
29(11)286,
29(11)297,
30(4)13,
30(6)270
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25(6)40,
25(6)66,
25(6)92,
25(6)102,
25(6)112,
25(6)137,
25(6)150,
25(6)234,
25(6)272,
25(6)322,
25(6)337,
26(6)30,
26(6)130,
26(6)192,
26(6)204,
26(6)241,
26(6)256,
27(7)140,
27(9)98,
27(9)238,
28(3)363,
28(6)78-1,
28(6)268,
28(6)278,
28(6)290,
29(6)61,
29(6)85,
29(6)121,
29(6)171,
29(6)218,
29(6)302,
30(6)32,
30(6)47,
30(6)56,
30(6)139,
30(6)186,
30(6)246,
30(6)279,
30(11)7,
30(11)60,
30(11)134,
31(5)108,
31(5)193,
31(9)60,
32(5)194,
32(5)334,
33(5)72,
33(5)85-1,
33(5)142,
33(11)24,
33(11)262,
33(11)272
- profiling,
25(6)78,
29(1)37,
29(6)36,
29(6)85,
29(6)196,
30(6)67,
30(8)80-1,
31(6)34,
32(5)85,
32(7)240,
32(7)240,
33(7)67,
33(7)75
- rate,
27(9)248,
28(6)177,
28(6)300,
29(11)38,
29(11)86,
29(11)98,
29(11)145,
29(11)252,
29(11)274,
30(6)79-1,
30(6)279
- replication,
27(7)322,
28(6)217,
28(6)217-1,
29(11)208,
30(6)56,
30(8)134
- represented,
28(6)126,
29(6)73,
29(8)119,
30(3)50,
30(3)62,
30(3)119,
30(6)32,
30(8)144,
30(11)70
- scheme,
25(3)50,
25(6)66,
25(6)283,
26(1)109,
26(4)224,
26(4)235,
26(9)190,
27(7)55,
27(7)162,
28(3)69,
28(4)29,
28(6)147,
28(7)218,
29(1)3,
29(1)46,
29(2)44,
29(5)27,
29(6)349,
29(6)349-1,
29(8)35,
29(9)17,
29(9)125,
29(11)86,
30(4)45,
30(6)93,
30(6)174,
30(6)258,
30(8)112,
30(11)79,
31(5)108,
31(6)146,
33(7)75,
33(9)26,
33(9)26-1,
34(1)343,
34(1)349,
34(9)138,
34(12)37
- schemes,
25(6)165,
29(1)46,
29(8)101,
29(11)232,
29(11)319,
30(6)23,
30(6)246,
30(6)258
- shown,
25(6)40,
25(6)174,
25(6)337,
26(6)219,
27(7)341,
27(9)248,
27(12)20,
28(6)156,
28(7)229,
29(6)36,
29(6)85,
29(6)266,
29(11)25,
29(11)145,
30(8)102
- single,
25(6)28,
25(6)272,
27(7)162,
27(7)188-1,
27(9)175,
27(9)213,
28(3)177,
28(3)299,
28(6)36,
28(6)78-1,
28(6)126,
28(7)13,
28(7)44,
28(7)239,
29(6)24,
29(6)107,
29(6)171,
29(6)186,
29(6)196,
29(7)51,
29(8)1,
29(11)38,
29(11)98,
29(11)319,
30(3)13,
30(3)50,
30(3)62,
30(3)119,
30(6)1,
30(6)13,
30(6)47,
30(6)67,
30(6)186,
30(8)48,
30(11)60,
33(5)97,
34(5)204
- size,
25(6)246,
25(6)272,
25(6)311,
25(12)85,
26(6)130,
27(7)22,
27(7)200,
27(7)273,
27(7)322,
28(3)359,
28(6)237,
28(7)13,
28(7)44,
28(7)208,
29(6)49,
29(6)107,
29(6)290,
29(6)337,
29(6)337-1,
29(11)98,
29(11)158,
29(11)171,
29(11)232,
29(11)328,
30(3)94,
30(6)32,
30(6)56,
30(6)186,
30(6)279,
30(8)39,
30(11)88
- speculative,
27(9)38,
27(9)238,
27(9)248,
27(11)77,
29(3)12,
29(6)36,
29(8)111,
30(6)218
- state,
25(5)95,
25(8)24,
26(12)76,
26(12)144,
27(7)1,
27(7)32,
27(7)152,
27(7)331,
28(6)1,
28(6)26,
28(7)149,
28(7)187,
29(3)33,
29(6)24,
29(7)21,
29(8)111,
29(10)16,
29(10)113,
29(10)259,
29(11)122,
29(11)319,
30(6)315,
30(10)17,
30(10)17-1,
30(11)31,
30(11)70,
30(11)88,
30(12)32,
32(8)227,
33(7)27,
33(10)144,
33(11)127
- subsequent,
28(3)53,
28(7)239,
30(8)156
- substantially,
26(6)145,
27(7)200,
28(6)100,
30(6)23,
30(8)189
- superscalar,
26(3)68,
26(4)28,
26(4)53,
26(6)241,
27(7)283,
27(7)322,
27(9)238,
27(9)248,
29(6)36,
29(11)183,
34(7)35
- third,
29(6)73,
29(10)229,
29(11)297,
30(6)130,
30(8)207,
31(2)8
- what,
6(4)30,
25(6)112,
25(6)311,
25(6)322,
27(7)1,
27(10)77,
27(10)91,
28(3)69,
28(7)187,
29(8)1,
30(6)151,
30(9)33,
30(9)33,
31(6)92,
33(7)19,
33(10)341,
34(2)26,
34(2)26-1,
34(5)50,
34(11)73
- while,
25(4)51,
25(6)92,
25(6)174,
26(4)290,
27(7)1,
27(7)162,
27(7)273,
27(9)248,
28(3)361,
28(6)90,
28(6)177,
28(7)54-1,
29(6)36,
29(6)186,
29(6)349,
29(6)349-1,
29(8)119,
29(11)25,
29(11)38,
29(11)171,
29(11)308,
30(3)83,
30(3)111,
30(6)13,
30(6)23,
30(6)93,
30(6)130,
30(6)205,
30(6)258,
30(8)92,
30(11)1,
30(11)117,
30(11)125,
32(10)158,
32(10)158-1,
33(7)59