%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author-1        = "Norbert Juffa",
%%%     author-2        = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "3.323",
%%%     date            = "21 April 2012",
%%%     time            = "08:19:59 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "fparith.bib",
%%%     address-1       = "2445 Mission College Blvd.,
%%%                        Santa Clara, CA 95054,
%%%                        USA",
%%%     address-2       = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone-1     = "+1 408 727 1885",
%%%     telephone-2     = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX-1           = "+1 408 727 1265",
%%%     FAX-2           = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL-2           = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "45834 137728 611580 6171097",
%%%     email-1         = "norbert at iit.com (Internet)",
%%%     email-2         = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography, BibTeX, floating-point
%%%                        arithmetic",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "[From Norbert Juffa:] This is a bibliography
%%%                        of material on floating-point arithmetic
%%%                        that I came up with while doing research on
%%%                        a floating-point package of his own.  I
%%%                        don't claim it to be anywhere near
%%%                        complete. The material listed is only what
%%%                        I myself possess.
%%%
%%%                        My main interest was in software based,
%%%                        binary floating-point arithmetic on a
%%%                        microprocessor, so you won't find much
%%%                        material about the hardware used in
%%%                        floating-point arithmetic (e.g., adders,
%%%                        carry propagation schemes, higher radix
%%%                        representation for multiplication and
%%%                        division, etc.) in this list. There is also
%%%                        not too much on non-binary floating-point
%%%                        arithmetic.
%%%
%%%                        For most fields covered in this
%%%                        bibliography, the important or historically
%%%                        relevant articles should be included. There
%%%                        is also some material on integer arithmetic
%%%                        in this list as some of the methods used
%%%                        with integer arithmetic contain interesting
%%%                        ideas that may be useful in the realization
%%%                        of a floating-point arithmetic package.
%%%
%%%                        Also, depending on the type of
%%%                        microprocessor used, one may need to
%%%                        implement integer multiplication and
%%%                        division for use in the floating-point
%%%                        package, so articles about this topic are
%%%                        included as well.
%%%
%%%                        As I am German, there is a bit of material
%%%                        in German in this bibliography.  However,
%%%                        English translations are provided for all
%%%                        non-English titles.
%%%
%%%                        Thanks to the people who have helped me with
%%%                        previous versions of this document by sending
%%%                        me papers or additional references: Steven
%%%                        Sommars (sesv at research.bell-labs.com), Jim
%%%                        Kiernan (jmk at teak.cray.com), Warren
%%%                        Ferguson (ferguson at seas.smu.edu), Nhuan
%%%                        Doduc (ndoduc at framentec.fr), K. C. Ng
%%%                        (kwok.ng at eng.sun.com).
%%%
%%%                        [From Nelson H. F. Beebe:] I took Norbert
%%%                        Juffa's unmarked-up bibliography data,
%%%                        converted it to BibTeX form, and then more
%%%                        than doubled the size of the bibliography
%%%                        by supplying additional entries on
%%%                        floating-point arithmetic extracted from
%%%                        my own extensive bibliography collections,
%%%                        and from several online journal databases,
%%%                        including the Compendex, OCLC, IEEE INSPEC,
%%%                        MathSciNet, and UnCover databases.  In August
%%%                        2010, access to an electronic copy of the
%%%                        bibliography of Sterbenz's 1974 book allowed
%%%                        further checks to make sure that all of his
%%%                        references to early work are included here.
%%%
%%%                        The computation of sums of floating-point
%%%                        numbers is a fundamental step in most
%%%                        numerical computations.  The special phrase
%%%                        ``accurate floating-point summation'' appears
%%%                        in the keywords values of publications that
%%%                        address this important problem.
%%%
%%%                        The Web site
%%%
%%%                            http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/
%%%
%%%                        archives papers from the IEEE conferences
%%%                        on computer arithmetic (ARITH-1, ARITH-2,
%%%                        ...).  Keyword values for those papers
%%%                        contain ARITH-n to more easily identify them.
%%%
%%%                        In \cite[p. 94]{Buchholz:1962:PCS}, S. G.
%%%                        Campbell remarks:
%%%
%%%                            ``To avoid difficulties of limited range
%%%                            and scaling in fixed-point arithmetic,
%%%                            G. R. Stibitz in the early 1940's
%%%                            proposed an automatic scaling procedure,
%%%                            called {\emph floating-point arithmetic},
%%%                            which was incorporated in the Bell
%%%                            Telephone Laboratories' Model V Relay
%%%                            Computer. A similar procedure was
%%%                            developed, apparently independently, for
%%%                            the Harvard Mark II computer.  Automatic
%%%                            scaling was a controversial subject for
%%%                            quite a few years. Many opposed it on the
%%%                            basis that the programmer could not be
%%%                            relieved of the responsibility of knowing
%%%                            the size of his numbers and that
%%%                            programmed scaling would give him better
%%%                            control over significance. Nevertheless,
%%%                            as early as 1950, users began to
%%%                            incorporate automatic scaling on
%%%                            fixed-point computers by means of
%%%                            subroutines, first on the
%%%                            plugboard-controlled CPC (Card Programmed
%%%                            Calculator) and later on stored-program
%%%                            machines. Then, after it had thus proved
%%%                            its usefulness, floating-point arithmetic
%%%                            was provided as a built-in feature,
%%%                            starting with the IBM 704 and NORC
%%%                            computers, and this gave an enormous
%%%                            increase in speed over the
%%%                            subroutines. Today floating-point
%%%                            operation is available, at least as an
%%%                            option, on all computers intended to be
%%%                            used full- or part-time on substantial
%%%                            scientific computing applications. In
%%%                            view of the almost universal use of
%%%                            floating-point arithmetic, it is
%%%                            remarkable that there is very little
%%%                            literature on the subject.''
%%%
%%%                        We now know that Leonardo Torres y Quevedo
%%%                        first suggested floating-point arithmetic on
%%%                        paper in 1914 in Spain
%%%                        \cite{TorresyQuevedo:1982:EAD}.  Konrad Zuse
%%%                        reinvented it independently in Germany in the
%%%                        early 1936, and had it operational in the Z3,
%%%                        an electromechanical computer, in 1941
%%%                        \cite{Zuse:1970:CML,Ceruzzi:1981:ECK,
%%%                        Randell:1982:ODC,Schwarz:1981:EYC,
%%%                        Zuse:1982:MAE,Zuse:1982:OCD,Zuse:1984:CML,
%%%                        Zuse:1993:CML,Smiley:2010:MWI}.  Zuse's work
%%%                        remained unknown in the USA until about 1948.
%%%                        F. L. Bauer's foreword to Zuse's
%%%                        autobiography \cite{Zuse:1993:CML} suggests a
%%%                        bust of Zuse engraved
%%%
%%%                            ``Creator of the first fully automated,
%%%                            program-controlled and freely
%%%                            programmable computer using binary
%%%                            floating-point calculation. It was
%%%                            operational in 1941.''
%%%
%%%                        The experience with floating-point arithmetic
%%%                        by George Stibitz on the Bell Labs Model V
%%%                        General Purpose Relay Calculator (1945, but
%%%                        floating-point arithmetic proposed in 1940
%%%                        Stibitz memo) \cite{Alt:1948:BTLa}, by
%%%                        Howard Aiken on the Harvard Mark II (1947),
%%%                        and by Gerald Alway and Jim Wilkinson on the
%%%                        Pilot ACE in Britain (1946--1948)
%%%                        \cite{Wilkinson:1975:PAA}, encouraged the
%%%                        provision of floating-point arithmetic in the
%%%                        American and British commercialization of
%%%                        scientific computers in the 1950s.  However,
%%%                        Zuse's use of Infinity and Indefinite
%%%                        predated by more than 15 years the Infinity
%%%                        of the IBM 7030 Stretch (1956--1958, with
%%%                        first customer delivery, to Los Alamos
%%%                        Laboratory, in April 1961), and the Infinity
%%%                        and Indefinite of the CDC 6400/6600/7600
%%%                        (1960--1963, with first customer delivery, to
%%%                        Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, in September
%%%                        1964)
%%%                        \cite{Thornton:1970:DCC,Thornton:1980:CP}.  I
%%%                        [NHFB] have so far been unable to find any
%%%                        definitive published statement about whether
%%%                        Zuse's ideas were known to, and inspired, the
%%%                        CDC and IBM architects, or whether they
%%%                        rediscovered them independently.
%%%
%%%                        It is our hope that this bibliography will
%%%                        help to remedy the deficiency noted in the
%%%                        last sentence of Campbell's remark, even
%%%                        though the first edition of this bibliography
%%%                        in 1994 appeared 32 years after the wonderful
%%%                        book about IBM's Project Stretch, and it took
%%%                        48 years for that book to be included here.
%%%
%%%                        At version 3.323, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1837 (   1)    1896 (   0)    1955 (   7)
%%%                             1838 (   0)    1897 (   1)    1956 (   8)
%%%                             1839 (   0)    1898 (   0)    1957 (  11)
%%%                             1840 (   0)    1899 (   0)    1958 (  16)
%%%                             1841 (   0)    1900 (   0)    1959 (  23)
%%%                             1842 (   0)    1901 (   0)    1960 (  19)
%%%                             1843 (   0)    1902 (   0)    1961 (  27)
%%%                             1844 (   0)    1903 (   0)    1962 (  26)
%%%                             1845 (   0)    1904 (   0)    1963 (  23)
%%%                             1846 (   0)    1905 (   0)    1964 (  31)
%%%                             1847 (   0)    1906 (   0)    1965 (  53)
%%%                             1848 (   0)    1907 (   0)    1966 (  32)
%%%                             1849 (   0)    1908 (   0)    1967 (  40)
%%%                             1850 (   0)    1909 (   1)    1968 (  31)
%%%                             1851 (   0)    1910 (   1)    1969 (  46)
%%%                             1852 (   0)    1911 (   0)    1970 (  53)
%%%                             1853 (   0)    1912 (   0)    1971 (  51)
%%%                             1854 (   0)    1913 (   0)    1972 (  53)
%%%                             1855 (   0)    1914 (   0)    1973 (  75)
%%%                             1856 (   0)    1915 (   1)    1974 (  45)
%%%                             1857 (   0)    1916 (   0)    1975 (  93)
%%%                             1858 (   0)    1917 (   0)    1976 (  50)
%%%                             1859 (   0)    1918 (   0)    1977 (  69)
%%%                             1860 (   0)    1919 (   0)    1978 (  97)
%%%                             1861 (   0)    1920 (   0)    1979 (  67)
%%%                             1862 (   0)    1921 (   0)    1980 ( 102)
%%%                             1863 (   0)    1922 (   0)    1981 ( 119)
%%%                             1864 (   0)    1923 (   0)    1982 (  78)
%%%                             1865 (   0)    1924 (   1)    1983 ( 141)
%%%                             1866 (   0)    1925 (   1)    1984 (  98)
%%%                             1867 (   0)    1926 (   0)    1985 ( 146)
%%%                             1868 (   0)    1927 (   0)    1986 (  96)
%%%                             1869 (   0)    1928 (   0)    1987 ( 134)
%%%                             1870 (   0)    1929 (   0)    1988 ( 150)
%%%                             1871 (   0)    1930 (   2)    1989 ( 186)
%%%                             1872 (   0)    1931 (   0)    1990 ( 145)
%%%                             1873 (   0)    1932 (   1)    1991 ( 218)
%%%                             1874 (   0)    1933 (   1)    1992 ( 174)
%%%                             1875 (   0)    1934 (   1)    1993 ( 188)
%%%                             1876 (   0)    1935 (   0)    1994 ( 173)
%%%                             1877 (   0)    1936 (   2)    1995 ( 157)
%%%                             1878 (   0)    1937 (   2)    1996 ( 170)
%%%                             1879 (   0)    1938 (   4)    1997 ( 128)
%%%                             1880 (   0)    1939 (   0)    1998 ( 126)
%%%                             1881 (   1)    1940 (   3)    1999 ( 182)
%%%                             1882 (   0)    1941 (   1)    2000 ( 140)
%%%                             1883 (   0)    1942 (   2)    2001 ( 204)
%%%                             1884 (   0)    1943 (   1)    2002 ( 153)
%%%                             1885 (   0)    1944 (   1)    2003 ( 143)
%%%                             1886 (   0)    1945 (   2)    2004 ( 165)
%%%                             1887 (   0)    1946 (   5)    2005 ( 162)
%%%                             1888 (   0)    1947 (   4)    2006 ( 118)
%%%                             1889 (   0)    1948 (   4)    2007 ( 128)
%%%                             1890 (   0)    1949 (   2)    2008 (  64)
%%%                             1891 (   0)    1950 (   3)    2009 ( 104)
%%%                             1892 (   0)    1951 (   5)    2010 (  66)
%%%                             1893 (   0)    1952 (   4)    2011 ( 121)
%%%                             1894 (   0)    1953 (   1)    2012 (  18)
%%%                             1895 (   0)    1954 (   7)
%%%                             19xx (   2)
%%%                             20xx (   1)
%%%
%%%                             Article:       2713
%%%                             Book:           288
%%%                             InBook:           1
%%%                             InCollection:    55
%%%                             InProceedings: 1484
%%%                             Manual:          63
%%%                             MastersThesis:  143
%%%                             Misc:           137
%%%                             Periodical:       3
%%%                             PhdThesis:       69
%%%                             Proceedings:    353
%%%                             TechReport:     294
%%%                             Unpublished:      9
%%%
%%%                             Total entries: 5612
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography is sorted by year, and
%%%                        within each year, by author and title key,
%%%                        with ``bibsort -byyear''.  Cross-referenced
%%%                        proceedings entries appear at the end,
%%%                        because of a restriction in the current
%%%                        BibTeX.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

%%% A delimited macro \toenglish ... \endtoenglish is NECESSARY here.
%%% The more conventional undelimited form \toenglish{...} has braces
%%% that prevent BibTeX's downcasing operation, and the alternate form
%%% {\toenglish{...}} is considered a `special character' by BibTeX,
%%% and all of {...} gets downcased.  We avoid the name \english to
%%% prevent conflicts with language options in packages like Babel.
%%%
%%% To suppress output of English translations of non-English titles,
%%% use
%%%     "\def \toenglish #1\endtoenglish{\unskip}"
%%% instead.

@Preamble{
  "\def \toenglish #1\endtoenglish{[{\em English:} #1\unskip]} " #
  "\ifx \undefined \circled \def \circled #1{(#1)}\fi" #
  "\ifx \undefined \mathbb \def \mathbb #1{{\bf #1}}\fi" #
  "\ifx \undefined \mathcal \def \mathcal #1{{\cal #1}}\fi" #
  "\ifx \undefined \mathrm \def \mathrm #1{{\rm #1}}\fi" #
  "\ifx \undefined \operatorname \def \operatorname #1{{\rm #1}}\fi" #
  "\ifx \undefined \reg \def \reg {\circled{R}}\fi" #
  "\ifx \undefined \texttt \def \texttt #1{{\tt #1}}\fi" #
  "\ifx \undefined \TM \def \TM {${}^{\sc TM}$} \fi" #
  "\hyphenation{
                Cor-dic
                COR-DIC
                Gleit-komma
                Gleit-komma-zahl-en
                Gleit-komma-pro-zess-or
                Gleit-komma-for-mat
                Mikro-rech-en-tech-nik
                Mikro-rech-ner-sys-tem-en
                Mikro-rech-ner
                Mi-yo-shi
                Quad-rat-wurz-eln
                Semi-nu-mer-i-cal
                Swartz-lan-der
               }"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-jg =   "Joe Grcar,
                  email: \path=jfgrcar@lbl.gov="}

@String{ack-jh =    "John Harrison,
                  email: \path=johnh@ichips.intel.com="}

@String{ack-jr =       "Jon Rokne,
                     Department of Computer Science,
                     The University of Calgary,
                     2500 University Drive N.W.,
                     Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4,
                     Canada"}

@String{ack-kr =    "Karin Remington,
                  National Institute of Standards and Technology,
                  Building 820, Room 365,
                  Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA,
                  Tel: +1 301 975-5119,
                  FAX: +1 301 990-4127,
                  e-mail: \path|karin@cam.nist.gov|"}

@String{ack-mfc = "Michael F. Cowlishaw,
                   IBM UK (MP5),
                   PO Box 31,
                   Birmingham Road,
                   Warwick, CV34 5JL,
                   UK,
                   e-mail: \path|mfc@uk.ibm.com|,
                   URL: \path|http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal|"}

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

@String{ack-nj =    "Norbert Juffa,
                  2445 Mission College Blvd.
                  Santa Clara, CA 95054
                  USA
                  email: \path=norbert@iit.com="}

@String{ack-pb =      "Preston Briggs,
                     Tera Computer Company,
                     2815 Eastlake East,
                     Seattle, WA 98102,
                     USA,
                     Tel: +1 206 325-0800,
                     e-mail: \path|preston@tera.com|"}

@String{ack-rfb = "Ronald F. Boisvert,
                  Applied and Computational Mathematics Division,
                  National Institute of Standards and Technology,
                  Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA,
                  Tel: +1 301 975 3812,
                  e-mail: \path=boisvert@cam.nist.gov="}

@String{ack-sfo = "Stuart F. Oberman,
                   e-mail: \path=stuart.oberman@amd.com="}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Institute abbreviations:

@String{inst-ANL                = "Argonne National Laboratory"}

@String{inst-ANL:adr            = "9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL
                                  60439-4801, USA"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY           = "University of California"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY:adr       = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY-CPAM      = "Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics,
                                  University of California"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY-CPAM:adr  = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY-CS        = "Department of Computer Science, University
                                  of California"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY-CS:adr    = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY-EECS      = "Department of Electrical Engineering and
                                  Computer Science, University of California,
                                  Berkeley"}

@String{inst-BERKELEY-EECS:adr  = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{inst-CS-PURDUE          = "Department of Computer Science, Purdue
                                  University"}

@String{inst-CS-PURDUE:adr      = "West Lafayette, IN 47907-2107, USA"}

@String{inst-CSC                = "Center for Scientific Computing,
                                  Department of Mathematics, University of
                                  Utah"}

@String{inst-CSC:adr            = "Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}

@String{inst-HP                 = "Hewlett--Packard Corporation"}

@String{inst-HP:adr             = "Palo Alto, CA, USA"}

@String{inst-INST-ADV-STUDY     = "Institute for Advanced Study"}

@String{inst-INST-ADV-STUDY:adr = "Princeton, NJ, USA"}

@String{inst-INTEL              = "Intel Corporation"}

@String{inst-INTEL:adr          = "Santa Clara, CA, USA"}

@String{inst-LASL               = "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory"}

@String{inst-LASL:adr           = "Los Alamos, NM, USA"}

@String{inst-LORIA-INRIA-LORRAINE = "LORIA/INRIA Lorraine"}

@String{inst-LORIA-INRIA-LORRAINE:adr = "B{\^a}timent A, Technop{\^o}le de
                                  Nancy-Brabois, 615 rue du jardin
                                  botanique, F-54602
                                  Villers-l{\`e}s-Nancy Cedex, France"}

@String{inst-NLRC               = "NASA Langley Research Center"}

@String{inst-NLRC:adr           = "Hampton, VA, USA"}

@String{inst-MATHWORKS          = "The MathWorks, Inc."}

@String{inst-MATHWORKS:adr      = "3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098,
                                  USA"}

@String{inst-MRC-WISCONSIN      = "Mathematics Research Center, University of
                                  Wisconsin, Madison"}

@String{inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr  = "Madison, WI, USA"}

@String{inst-UT-CS              = "Department of Computer Science,
                                  University of Tennessee, Knoxville"}

@String{inst-UT-CS:adr          = "Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-ACTA-INFO             = "Acta Informatica"}

@String{j-ACTA-NUMERICA         = "Acta Numerica"}

@String{j-ACM-COMM-COMP-ALGEBRA = "ACM Communications in Computer Algebra"}

@String{j-ADA-LETT              = "Ada Letters"}

@String{j-ADV-SOFT-SCI-TECH     = "Advances in software science and
                                  technology"}

@String{j-ALGORITHMICA          = "Algorithmica"}

@String{j-AM-J-MATH             = "American Journal of Mathematics"}

@String{j-AM-SCI                = "American Scientist"}

@String{j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY     = "American Mathematical Monthly"}

@String{j-AMER-STAT             = "The American Statistician"}

@String{j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT       = "Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-ANN-MATH-STAT         = "Annals of Mathematical Statistics"}

@String{j-APL-QUOTE-QUAD        = "ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad"}

@String{j-APPL-ALGEBRA-ENG-COMMUN-COMPUT = "Applicable algebra in engineering,
                                  communication and computing"}

@String{j-APPL-MATH-COMP        = "Applied Mathematics and Computation"}

@String{j-APP-MATH-LETT         = "Applied Mathematics Letters"}

@String{j-APPL-NUM-MATH         = "Applied Numerical Mathematics"}

@String{j-APPL-OPTICS           = "Applied Optics"}

@String{j-APPL-STAT             = "Applied Statistics"}

@String{j-ARCH-HIST-EXACT-SCI   = "Archive for History of Exact Sciences"}

@String{j-ASTRON-J              = "Astronomical Journal"}

@String{j-AUSTRALIAN-COMP-J     = "Australian Computer Journal"}

@String{j-AUTO-CTL-COMP-SCI     = "Automatic Control and Computer Sciences"}

@String{j-AUTOMATION-REMOTE-CTL = "Automation and Remote Control"}

@String{j-BELL-LABS-RECORD      = "Bell Laboratories Record"}

@String{j-BELL-SYST-TECH-J      = "The Bell System Technical Journal"}

@String{j-BIT                   = "BIT (Nordisk tidskrift for
                                  informationsbehandling)"}

@String{j-BIT-NUM-MATH          = "BIT Numerical Mathematics"}

@String{j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI    = "British Journal for the History of Science"}

@String{j-BULL-AMS              = "Bulletin of the American Mathematical
                                  Society"}

@String{j-BYTE                  = "Byte Magazine"}

@String{j-C-R-ACAD-BULGARE-SCI  = "Comptes rendus de l'Acad{\'e}mie bulgare
                                  des sciences"}

@String{j-C-R-ACAD-SCI-PARIS-SER-I-MATH = "Comptes Rendus des S{\'e}ances de
                                  l'Acad{\'e}mie des Sciences. S{\'e}rie I.
                                  Math{\'e}matique"}

@String{j-CACM                  = "Communications of the Association for
                                  Computing Machinery"}

@String{j-CAD                   = "Computer Aided Design"}

@String{j-CCCUJ                 = "C/C++ Users Journal"}

@String{j-CCPE                  = "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                                   Experience"}

@String{j-COED                  = "CoED"}

@String{j-COMBIN-PROBAB-COMPUT  = "Combinatorics, Probability and Computing"}

@String{j-COMM-STAT-THEORY-METH = "Communications in Statistics. Theory and
                                  Methods"}

@String{j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS        = "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News"}

@String{j-COMP-DESIGN           = "Computer Design"}

@String{j-COMP-EDU-J            = "Computers in education journal"}

@String{j-COMP-GEOSCI           = "Computers and Geosciences"}

@String{j-COMP-J                = "The Computer Journal"}

@String{j-COMP-LANG-MAG         = "Computer Language Magazine"}

@String{j-COMP-MATH-APPL        = "Computers and Mathematics with
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-COMP-PHYS-COMM        = "Computer Physics Communications"}

@String{j-COMP-SURV             = "ACM Computing Surveys"}

@String{j-COMPUT-AIDED-ENG      = "Computer-aided engineering: CAE"}

@String{j-COMPUT-ELECTR-ENG     = "Computers and Electrical Engineering"}

@String{j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG        = "Computing in Science and Engineering"}

@String{j-COMPUTE               = "Compute"}

@String{j-COMPUTER              = "Computer"}

@String{j-COMPUTING             = "Computing: Archiv fur informatik und
                                  numerik"}

@String{j-COMPUTING-SUPPLEMENTUM = "Computing. Supplementum"}

@String{j-CONG-NUM              = "Congressus Numerantium"}

@String{j-CONTEMP-PHYS          = "Contemporary physics"}

@String{j-CPE                   = "Concurrency: Prac\-tice and Experience"}

@String{j-CRYPTOLOGIA           = "Cryptologia"}

@String{j-CT                    = "c't"}

@String{j-CUJ                   = "C Users Journal"}

@String{j-CYBER                 = "Cybernetics"}

@String{j-DDJ                   = "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools"}

@String{j-DEC-TECH-J            = "Digital Technical Journal"}

@String{j-DESIGNS-CODES-CRYPTOGR = "Designs, Codes, and Cryptography"}

@String{j-DISCRETE-COMPUT-GEOM  = "Discrete and Computational Geometry"}

@String{j-DOKL-AKAD-NAUK        = "Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR"}

@String{j-EDN                   = "EDN"}

@String{j-ELECT-COMM-JAPAN-3-FUND-ELECT-SCI = "Electronics and communications in
                                  Japan. Part 3, Fundamental electronic
                                  science"}

@String{j-ELECT-LETTERS         = "Electronics Letters"}

@String{j-ELECT-NOTES-THEOR-COMP-SCI = "Electronic Notes in Theoretical
                                  Computer Science"}

@String{j-ELECTRON-COMMUN-JPN   = "Electronics and communications in Japan"}

@String{j-ELECTRON-TRANS-NUMER-ANAL = "Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis"}

@String{j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN     = "Electronic Design"}

@String{j-ELECTRONIC-ENG-TIMES  = "Electronic engineering times"}

@String{j-ELECTRONICS           = "Electronics"}

@String{j-ELECTRONIK            = "Elektronik"}

@String{j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN    = "Elektronische Rechenanlagen"}

@String{j-ELEKTRONIKER          = "Elektroniker (Switzerland)"}

@String{j-EMBED-SYS-PROG        = "Embedded Systems Programming"}

@String{j-EURASIP-J-EMBED-SYS   = "EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems"}

@String{j-FIB-QUART             = "Fibonacci Quarterly"}

@String{j-FORM-METHODS-SYST-DES = "Formal Methods in System Design"}

@String{j-FORTH-DIMENSIONS      = "Forth Dimensions"}

@String{j-FORTRAN-FORUM         = "ACM Fortran Forum"}

@String{j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS      = "Future Generation Computer Systems"}

@String{j-GAMM-MIT              = "Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft f{\\\"u}r
                                  Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik"}

@String{j-HIGH-PERFORM-SYST     = "High performance systems"}

@String{j-HEWLETT-PACKARD-J     = "Hewlett--Packard Journal"}

@String{j-IBM-JRD               = "IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

@String{j-IBM-SYS-J             = "IBM Systems Journal"}

@String{j-IBM-TDB               = "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin"}

@String{j-IEE-PROC-COMPUT-DIGIT-TECH = "IEE Proceedings. Computers and Digital
                                  Techniques"}

@String{j-IEE-PROC-E            = "IEE proceedings, E: Computers and digital
                                  techniques"}

@String{j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT  = "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-IEEE-APM              = "IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine"}

@String{j-IEEE-CGA              = "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"}

@String{j-IEEE-COMPUT-SCI-ENG   = "IEEE Computational Science \& Engineering"}

@String{j-IEEE-INT-CONF-ALG-ARCH-PAR-PROC = "IEEE International Conference on
                                  Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel
                                  Processing"}

@String{j-IEEE-J-SOLID-STATE-CIRCUITS = "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits"}

@String{j-IEEE-MICRO            = "IEEE Micro"}

@String{j-IEEE-POT              = "IEEE Potentials"}

@String{j-IEEE-J-SEL-AREAS-COMMUN = "IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
                                  Communications"}

@String{j-IEEE-SIGNAL-PROCESS-LETT = "IEEE Signal Processing Letters"}

@String{j-IEEE-SIGNAL-PROCESS-LETT = "IEEE signal processing letters"}

@String{j-IEEE-SPECTRUM         = "IEEE Spectrum"}

@String{j-IEEE-TIT              = "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH = "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech,
                                  and Signal Processing"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-AEROSP-ELECTRON-SYST = "IEEE Transactions on Aerospace
                                  and Electronic Systems"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-APPL-SUPERCOND = "IEEE Transactions on Applied
                                  Superconductivity"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-AUDIO-ELECTROACOUST = "IEEE Transactions on Audio and
                                  Electroacoustics"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR = "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-BIOMED-ENG = "IEEE Transactions on Biomedical
                                  Engineering"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CAD-ICS    = "IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design
                                  of Integrated Circuits and Systems"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST = "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and
                                  Systems"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST-2 = "IEEE transactions on circuits and
                                  systems. 2, Analog and digital signal
                                  processing"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST-VIDEO-TECH = "IEEE Transactions on Circuits
                                  and Systems for Video Technology"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-COMM       = "IEEE Transactions on Communications"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT     = "IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CONSUMER-ELECTRONICS = "IEEE Transactions on Consumer
                                  Electronics"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CONTROL-SYST-TECHNOL = "IEEE Transactions on Control
                                  Systems Technology"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT = "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-IND-ELECTRON = "IEEE Transactions on Industrial
                                  Electronics"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-INF-THEORY = "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-INSTRUM-MEAS = "IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
                                  Measurement"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-NUCL-SCI   = "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS = "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and
                                    Distributed Systems"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-SIG-PROC   = "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG  = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-VIS-COMPUT-GRAPH = "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and
                                  Computer Graphics"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-VLSI-SYST  = "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale
                                  Integration (VLSI) Systems"}

@String{j-IEEE-TSP              = "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"}

@String{j-IFIP-TRANS-A          = "IFIP Transactions. A. Computer Science and
                                  Technology"}

@String{j-IJQC                  = "International Journal of Quantum Chemistry"}

@String{j-IJSA                  = "The International Journal of Supercomputer
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-IJHPCA                = "The International Journal of High Performance
                                  Computing Applications"}

@String{j-IMA-J-NUMER-ANAL      = "IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis"}

@String{j-INF-PROCESS-MACH      = "Information processing machines"}

@String{j-INFO-PROC             = "Journal of Information Processing (of
                                  Japan??)"}

@String{j-INFO-PROC-LETT        = "Information Processing Letters"}

@String{j-INFORMATIK-SPEKTRUM   = "Informatik Spektrum"}

@String{j-INT-J-COMPUT-GEOM-APPL = "International Journal of
                                   Computational Geometry and Applications
                                   (IJCGA)"}

@String{j-INT-J-COMP-RESEARCH   = "International Journal of Computer Research"}

@String{j-INT-J-CONTROL         = "International Journal of Control"}

@String{j-INT-J-ELECTRON        = "International Journal of Electronics
                                  Theoretical \& Experimental"}

@String{j-INT-J-FOUND-COMP-SCI  = "International Journal of Foundations of
                                  Computer Science"}

@String{j-INT-J-NUM-METH-FLUIDS = "Int. J. Num. Meth. Fluids"}

@String{j-INT-J-HIGH-SPEED-COMPUTING = "International Journal of High Speed
                                  Computing"}

@String{j-INT-J-MINI-MICROCOMPUTERS = "International Journal of Mini and
                                  Microcomputers"}

@String{j-INT-J-PAR-EMER-DIST-SYS = "International Journal of Parallel, Emergent
                                  and Distributed Systems: IJPEDS"}

@String{j-INT-J-SOFTW-TOOLS-TECHNOL-TRANSFER = "International Journal on
                                  Software Tools for Technology Transfer:
                                  STTT"}

@String{j-INT-J-SYST-SCI        = "International Journal of Systems Science"}

@String{j-INTEGRATION-VLSI-J    = "Integration, the VLSI journal"}

@String{j-INTEL-TECH-J          = "Intel Technology Journal"}

@String{j-INTERVAL-COMP         = "Interval Computations = Interval'nye
                                  vychisleniia"}

@String{j-IRE-PROC              = "IRE Proceedings"}

@String{j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT = "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers"}

@String{j-J-ACM                 = "Journal of the Association for Computing
                                  Machinery"}

@String{j-J-ACOUST-SOC-AM       = "Journal of the Acoustical Society of
                                  America"}

@String{j-J-AM-STAT-ASSOC       = "Journal of the American Statistical
                                  Association"}

@String{j-J-APPL-PROBAB         = "Journal of Applied Probability"}

@String{j-J-APPL-STAT           = "Journal of Applied Statistics"}

@String{j-J-CHINESE-INST-ENG    = "Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers
                                  = Chung-kuo kung ch'eng hsueh kan"}

@String{j-J-COMB-THEORY-A       = "Journal of Combinatorial Theory (Series A)"}

@String{j-J-COMP-APPL-MATH      = "Journal of Computational and Applied
                                  Mathematics"}

@String{j-J-FORTH-APPL-RES      = "Journal of FORTH Application and Research"}

@String{j-J-FRANKLIN-INST       = "Journal of the Franklin Institute"}

@String{j-J-INF-PROCESS         = "Journal of Information Processing"}

@String{j-J-INFO-PROC-CYBERNETICS-EIK = "Journal of Information Processing and
                                  Cybernetics: EIK"}

@String{j-INFO-PROC-LETT        = "Information Processing Letters"}

@String{j-J-INST-ACTUARIES      = "Journal of the Institute of Actuaries"}

@String{j-J-INST-MATH-APPL      = "Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and
                                  its Applications"}

@String{j-J-KOREA-INFO-SCI-SOCIETY = "Journal of the Korea Information Science
                                  Society = Chongbo Kwahakhoe nonmunji"}

@String{j-KYBERNETIKA           = "Kybernetika"}

@String{j-J-LOGIC-ALG-PROG      = "Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming"}

@String{j-MATHEMATICA-EDUC      = "Mathematica in Education"}

@String{j-MATHEMATICA-J         = "Mathematica Journal"}

@String{j-MONTHLY-NOT-ROY-ASTRON-SOC = "Monthly Notices of the Royal
                                  Astronomical Society"}

@String{j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP       = "Journal of Parallel and Distributed
                                  Computing"}

@String{j-J-PAS-ADA             = "Journal of Pascal and Ada"}

@String{j-J-RES-NATL-BUR-STAND  = "Journal of Research of the National Bureau
                                  of Standards"}

@String{j-J-SIAM                = "Journal of the Society for Industrial and
                                  Applied Mathematics"}

@String{j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING      = "The Journal of Supercomputing"}

@String{j-J-SYMBOLIC-COMP       = "Journal of Symbolic Computation"}

@String{j-J-SYST-ARCH           = "Journal of Systems Architecture"}

@String{j-J-UCS                 = "J.UCS: Journal of Universal Computer
                                  Science"}

@String{j-J-VLSI-SIGNAL-PROC    = "Journal of VLSI Signal Processing"}

@String{j-JAVAWORLD             = "JavaWorld: IDG's magazine for the Java
                                  community"}

@String{j-JCLT                  = "The Journal of {C} Language Translation"}

@String{j-JETC                  = "ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in
                                  Computing Systems (JETC)"}

@String{j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI   = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}

@String{j-LINEAR-ALGEBRA-APPL   = "Linear Algebra and its Applications"}

@String{j-LMS-J-COMPUT-MATH     = "LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics"}

@String{j-LOGIN                 = ";login:"}

@String{j-LOPLAS                = "ACM Letters on Programming Languages and
                                  Systems"}

@String{j-MATH-COMP-SIM         = "Mathematics and Computers in Simulation"}

@String{j-MATH-COMPUT           = "Mathematics of Computation"}

@String{j-MATH-GAZ              = "The Mathematical Gazette"}

@String{j-MATH-MAG              = "Mathematics Magazine"}

@String{j-MATH-NACHR            = "Math. Nachr."}

@String{j-MATH-SCI-ENG          = "Mathematics in Science and Engineering"}

@String{j-MATH-SEMESTERBER      = "Mathematische Semesterberichte"}

@String{j-MATH-STOS             = "Math. Stos."}

@String{j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT = "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids
                                  to Computation"}

@String{j-MATH-TEACH            = "The Mathematics Teacher"}

@String{j-MC                    = "mc"}

@String{j-MECH-ENG-BULL         = "Mechanical Engineering Bulletin (India)"}

@String{j-MEM-FAC-SCI-KYUSHU-UNIV-A = "Memoirs of the Faculty of Science,
                                  Kyushu Imperial University. Series A,
                                  Mathematics = Kyushu Teikoku Daigaku
                                  Rigakubu kiyo"}

@String{j-MICROPROC-MICROPROG   = "Microprocessing and Microprogramming"}

@String{j-MICROPROC-MICROSYS    = "Microprocessors and Microsystems"}

@String{j-MINI-MICRO-SYSTEMS    = "Mini-Micro Systems"}

@String{j-NA-DIGEST             = "NA Digest"}

@String{j-NACH-ELEK             = "Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik"}

@String{j-NAMS                  = "Notices of the American Mathematical
                                  Society"}

@String{j-NATURE                = "Nature"}

@String{j-NEC-RES-DEV           = "Nippon Electric Company research and
                                  development"}

@String{j-NEC-TECH-J            = "NEC Technical Journal = NEC giho"}

@String{j-NEW-SCIENTIST         = "New Scientist"}

@String{j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND = "Nordisk tidskrift for
                                  informationsbehandling"}

@String{j-NUM-LIN-ALG-APPL      = "Numerical linear algebra with applications"}

@String{j-NUM-MATH              = "Numerische Mathematik"}

@String{j-NUMER-ALGORITHMS      = "Numerical Algorithms"}

@String{j-OPEN-SYSTEMS-TODAY    = "Open Systems Today"}

@String{j-OPER-SYS-REV = "Operating Systems Review"}

@String{j-PAC-J-MATH            = "Pacific Journal of Mathematics"}

@String{j-PARALLEL-ALGORITHMS-APPL = "Parallel Algorithms and Applications"}

@String{j-PARALLEL-COMPUTING    = "Parallel Computing"}

@String{j-PARALLEL-PROCESS-LETT = "Parallel Processing Letters"}

@String{j-PC-MAGAZINE           = "PC Magazine"}

@String{j-PC-WEEK               = "PC Week"}

@String{j-PHYSICA-A             = "Physica A"}

@String{j-PHYSICA-D             = "Physica D"}

@String{j-PROC-AM-MATH-SOC      = "Proceedings of the American Mathematical
                                  Society"}

@String{j-PROC-AMER-PHIL-SOC    = "Proceedings of the American Philosophical
                                  Society"}

@String{j-PROC-CAMBRIDGE-PHIL-SOC = "Proceedings of the Cambridge
                                  Philosophical Society. Mathematical and
                                  physical sciences"}

@String{j-PROC-IEEE             = "Proceedings of the IEEE"}

@String{j-PROC-SPIE             = "Proceedings of the SPIE --- The
                                  International Society for Optical
                                  Engineering"}

@String{j-PROG-COMP-SOFT        = "Programming and Computer Software;
                                  translation of Programmirovaniye (Moscow,
                                  USSR) Plenum"}

@String{j-PROGRAM-J             = "Programmer's Journal"}

@String{j-PROGRAMMIROVANIE      = "Programmirovanie"}

@String{j-QUART-J-MECH-APPLIED-MATH = "Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and
                                  Applied Mathematics"}

@String{j-QUEUE                 = "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today"}

@String{j-RADIO-ELECTRON-ENG    = "The Radio and Electronic Engineer"}

@String{j-RCA-REV               = "RCA review"}

@String{j-RELIABLE-COMPUTING    = "Reliable Computing = Nadezhnye
                                  vychisleniia"}

@String{j-REV-GEN-SCI-PURES-APPL = "Revue G{\'e}n{\'e}rale des Sciences Pures
                                  et Appliqu{\'e}es"}

@String{j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM    = "Science of Computer Programming"}

@String{j-SCI-MONTHLY           = "The Scientific Monthly"}

@String{j-SCI-PROC-ROY-DUBLIN-SOC = "Scientific proceedings of the Royal Dublin
                                  Society"}

@String{j-SCI-PROG              = "Scientific Programming"}

@String{j-SCPE                  = "Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience"}

@String{j-SEJ                   = "Software Engineering Journal"}

@String{j-SIAM-J-COMPUT         = "SIAM Journal on Computing"}

@String{j-SIAM-J-APPL-MATH      = "SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics"}

@String{j-SIAM-J-MAT-ANA-APPL   = "SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-SIAM-J-NUMER-ANAL     = "SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis"}

@String{j-SIAM-J-OPT            = "SIAM Journal on Optimization"}

@String{j-SIAM-J-SCI-COMP       = "SIAM J. Sci. Comput."}

@String{j-SIAM-J-SCI-STAT-COMP  = "SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical
                                  Computing"}

@String{j-SIAM-NEWS             = "SIAM News"}

@String{j-SIAM-REV              = "SIAM Review"}

@String{j-SIAM-REVIEW           = "SIAM Review"}

@String{j-SIGACT                = "SIGACT News (ACM Special Interest Group on
                                  Automata and Computability Theory)"}

@String{j-SIGADA-LETTERS        = "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters"}

@String{j-SIGCSE                = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Computer Science Education)"}

@String{j-SIGMICRO              = "ACM SIG Micro Newsletter"}

@String{j-SIGMOD                = "SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on
                                  Management of Data)"}

@String{j-SIGNUM                = "ACM SIGNUM Newsletter"}

@String{j-SIGPLAN               = "ACM SIGPLAN Notices"}

@String{j-SIGSAM                = "SIGSAM Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation)"}

@String{j-SIMULATION            = "Simulation"}

@String{j-SPE                   = "Soft{\-}ware\emdash Prac{\-}tice and
                                  Experience"}

@String{j-SPIE                  = "SPIE Proceedings"}

@String{j-STAT-PROB-LETT        = "Statistics \& Probability Letters"}

@String{j-STUD-CERCET-MAT       = "Studii {\c{s}}i cercet{\u{a}}ri Matematice"}

@String{j-SUPERCOMPUTER         = "Supercomputer"}

@String{j-SYS-ANA-MODEL-SIM     = "Systems analysis, modelling, simulation"}

@String{j-SYS-COMP-JAPAN        = "Systems and computers in Japan"}

@String{j-TACO                  = "ACM Transactions on Architecture and
                                  Code Optimization"}

@String{j-TALG                  = "ACM Transactions on Algorithms"}

@String{j-TECHNIQUE-SCI-INFORMATIQUES = "Technique et Science Informatiques"}

@String{j-TECHNOMETRICS         = "Technometrics"}

@String{j-TECS                  = "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing
                                  Systems"}

@String{j-TELECOMM-RADIO-ENG    = "Telecommunications and Radio Engineering"}

@String{j-THEOR-COMP-SCI        = "Theoretical Computer Science"}

@String{j-THEORY-PROBAB-APPL    = "Theory of probability and its applications"}

@String{j-TOCL                  = "ACM Transactions on Computational Logic"}

@String{j-TOCS                  = "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

@String{j-TODAES                = "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of
                                  Electronic Systems."}

@String{j-TOG                   = "ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

@String{j-TOMACS                = "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer
                                  Simulation"}

@String{j-TOMS                  = "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

@String{j-TOPLAS                = "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages
                                  and Systems"}

@String{j-TRANS-INFO-PROCESSING-SOC-JAPAN = "Transactions of the Information
                                  Processing Society of Japan"}

@String{j-TRANS-IRE-PROF-GROUP-ELEC-COMPUT = "Transactions of the I.R.E.
                                  Professional Group on Electronic Computers"}

@String{j-TRANS-SOC-COMP-SIM    = "Transactions of the Society for Computer
                                  Simulation"}

@String{j-TRETS                 = "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology
                                  and Systems"}

@String{j-TUGboat               = "TUGboat (Journal of the {\TeX} Users Group)"}

@String{j-ZASTOS-MAT            = "Zastosowania Matematyki"}

@String{j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH      = "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik
                                  und Mechanik"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Publishers and their addresses:

@String{pub-A-K-PETERS          = "A. K. Peters, Ltd."}

@String{pub-A-K-PETERS:adr      = "Natick, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-ACM                 = "ACM Press"}

@String{pub-ACM:adr             = "New York, NY 10036, USA"}

@String{pub-AFIPS               = "AFIPS Press"}

@String{pub-AFIPS:adr           = "Montvale, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-AIP                 = "American Institute of Physics"}

@String{pub-AIP:adr             = "Woodbury, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG     = "Akademie-Verlag"}

@String{pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG:adr = "Berlin, Germany"}

@String{pub-AMS                 = "American Mathematical Society"}

@String{pub-AMS:adr             = "Providence, RI, USA"}

@String{pub-ACADEMIC            = "Academic Press"}

@String{pub-ACADEMIC:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-AW                  = "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey"}

@String{pub-AW:adr              = "Reading, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-BALTZER             = "J. C. Baltzer AG, Scientific
                                  Publishing Company"}

@String{pub-BALTZER:adr         = "Basel, Switzerland"}

@String{pub-BENCUM              = "Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co."}

@String{pub-BENCUM:adr          = "Redwood City, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-BIB-INST            = "Bibliographisches Institut"}

@String{pub-BIB-INST:adr        = "Mannheim, Germany"}

@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON   = "Birkh{\"a}user Boston Inc."}

@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER          = "Birkh{\"a}user"}

@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr      = "Cambridge, MA, USA; Berlin, Germany; Basel,
                                  Switzerland"}

@String{pub-BRADY               = "Robert J. Brady Co."}

@String{pub-BRADY:adr           = "Bowie, MD 20715, USA"}

@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE           = "Cambridge University Press"}

@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr       = "Cambridge, UK"}

@String{pub-CHAPMAN-HALL        = "Chapman and Hall, Ltd."}

@String{pub-CHAPMAN-HALL:adr    = "London, UK"}

@String{pub-CRC                 = "CRC Press"}

@String{pub-CRC:adr             = "2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton,
                                  FL 33431-9868, USA"}

@String{pub-DOUBLEDAY           = "Doubleday"}

@String{pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr       = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-DOVER               = "Dover"}

@String{pub-DOVER:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-DOWDEN              = "Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross"}

@String{pub-DOWDEN:adr          = "Stroudsburg, PA, USA"}

@String{pub-DP                  = "Digital Press"}

@String{pub-DP:adr              = "12 Crosby Drive, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"}

@String{pub-ELLIS-HORWOOD       = "Ellis Horwood"}

@String{pub-ELLIS-HORWOOD:adr   = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-ELSEVIER            = "Elsevier"}

@String{pub-ELSEVIER:adr        = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-ELSEVIER-MORGAN-KAUFMANN = "Elsevier\slash Morgan Kaufmann"}

@String{pub-ELSEVIER-MORGAN-KAUFMANN:adr = "San Francisco, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-ENH                 = "Elsevier North-Holland, Inc."}

@String{pub-ENH:adr             = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-FSF                 = "{Free Software Foundation, Inc.}"}

@String{pub-FSF:adr             = "51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
                                  MA 02110-1301, USA, Tel: (617) 876-3296"}

@String{pub-GRUYTER             = "Walter de Gruyter"}

@String{pub-GRUYTER:adr         = "Berlin, Germany"}

@String{pub-HANSER              = "Carl Hanser"}

@String{pub-HANSER:adr          = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany"}

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@String{pub-HAYDEN-BOOK:adr     = "Rochelle Park, NJ, USA"}

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@String{pub-MAC:adr             = "New York, NY, USA"}

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@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

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@String{pub-MOTOROLA:adr        = "Phoenix, AZ, USA"}

@String{pub-MT                  = "M\&T Books"}

@String{pub-MT:adr              = "M\&T Publishing, Inc., 501 Galveston Drive,
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@String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr   = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-OLDENBOURG          = "R. Oldenbourg Verlag"}

@String{pub-OLDENBOURG:adr      = "Munich, Germany and Vienna, Austria"}

@String{pub-OXFORD              = "Oxford University Press"}

@String{pub-OXFORD:adr          = "Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK"}

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@String{pub-PERGAMON:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

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@String{pub-PROJECT-GUTENBERG:adr = "P.O. Box 2782, Champaign, IL 61825-2782, USA"}

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@String{pub-PRINCETON:adr       = "Princeton, NJ, USA"}

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@String{pub-SIEMENS             = "Siemens Aktiengesellschaft"}

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@String{pub-SRNI:adr            = "17710 100th Avenue SW, Vashon Island, WA
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@String{pub-SV                  = "Spring{\-}er-Ver{\-}lag"}

@String{pub-SV:adr              = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg,
                                  Germany~/ London, UK~/ etc."}

@String{pub-SYNGRESS            = "Syngress Publishing, Inc."}

@String{pub-SYNGRESS:adr        = "Rockland, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-TEUBNER             = "B. G. Teubner"}

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@String{pub-VIKING              = "Viking"}

@String{pub-VIKING:adr          = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-WCB                 = "William C. Brown Company Publishers"}

@String{pub-WCB:adr             = "Dubuque, IA, USA"}

@String{pub-WEITEK              = "Weitek Corporation"}

@String{pub-WEITEK:adr          = "1060 E. Arques Ave., Sunnyvale, CA
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@String{pub-WESTERN-PERIODICALS = "Western Periodicals Co.,"}

@String{pub-WESTERN-PERIODICALS:adr = "North Hollywood, CA"}

@String{pub-WILEY               = "Wiley"}

@String{pub-WILEY:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

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@String{pub-WILEY-INTERSCIENCE:adr = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-WORLD-SCI           = "World Scientific Publishing
                                  Co. Pte. Ltd."}

@String{pub-WORLD-SCI:adr       = "P. O. Box 128, Farrer Road,
                                  Singapore 9128"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Series abbreviations:

@String{ser-LNCS                = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}

@String{ser-LNM                 = "Lecture Notes in Mathematics"}

@String{ser-PROJECT-GUTENBERG   = "Project Gutenberg"}

@String{ser-SIGPLAN             = "ACM SIG{\-}PLAN Notices"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries.
%%%
%%% NB: Some journals do not indicate a month for each issue, and a few
%%% have volumes, but no issue numbers, or issues without volumes.  Such
%%% cases are identified by xxmonth, xxnumber, and xxvolume entries with a
%%% value of "(none)", so that searches can still be used to identify
%%% other entries where such information is still missing.
%%%
%%% ISBNs were introduced in 1972, so books published before that do not
%%% have ISBN entries, unless the publisher supplied one in a post-1971
%%% printing.  A few books, and many conference proceedings, published
%%% since 1972, lack ISBNs; these are identified with xxISBN values of
%%% (none), again to facilitate searching for missing values.

@Unpublished{Babbage:1837:MPC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the mathematical powers of the calculating engine",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1837",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:09:59 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Manuscript held by Museum of the History of Science,
                 Oxford, UK. Reprinted in \cite[\S
                 2.1]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Newcomb:1881:NFU,
  author =       "Simon Newcomb",
  title =        "Note on the frequency of use of the different digits
                 in natural numbers",
  journal =      j-AM-J-MATH,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1/4",
  pages =        "39--40",
  year =         "1881",
  CODEN =        "AJMAAN",
  ISSN =         "0002-9327 (print), 1080-6377 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9327",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 15 16:35:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9327%281881%294%3A1%2F4%3C39%3ANOTFOU%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K",
  abstract =     "That the ten digits do not occur with equal frequency
                 must be evident to any one making much use of
                 logarithmic tables, and noticing how much faster the
                 first pages wear out than the last ones. The first
                 significant figure is oftener 1 than any other digit,
                 and the frequency diminishes up to 9.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
  remark =       "From p. 40: ``The law of probability of the occurrence
                 of numbers is such that all mantissas of their
                 logarithms are equally probable.''",
}

@Article{Aley:1897:DES,
  author =       "Robert J. Aley",
  title =        "A Device for Extracting the Square Root of Certain
                 Surd Quantities",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "8/9",
  pages =        "204--208",
  month =        aug # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1897",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:37:08 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ludgate:1909:PAM,
  author =       "P. E. Ludgate",
  title =        "On a proposed analytical machine",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROC-ROY-DUBLIN-SOC,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "77--91",
  year =         "1909",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:14:08 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 2.4]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society",
}

@Article{Babbage:1910:BBA,
  author =       "H. P. Babbage",
  title =        "{Babbage}: {Babbage}'s analytical engine",
  journal =      j-MONTHLY-NOT-ROY-ASTRON-SOC,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "517--526, 645",
  year =         "1910",
  CODEN =        "MNRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0035-8711",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:12:08 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 2.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
}

@Article{TorresyQuevedo:1915:EAS,
  author =       "L. {Torres y Quevedo}",
  title =        "Essais sur l'automatique. Sa definition. {\'E}tendue
                 th{\'e}orique de ses applications ({French}) [{Essays}
                 on automation. {Its} definition. {Theoretical} extent
                 of its applications]",
  journal =      j-REV-GEN-SCI-PURES-APPL,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "601--611",
  day =          "15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1915",
  ISSN =         "0370-7431",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:15:08 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 2.5]{Randell:1982:ODC}.
                 Translated by Mr. R. Basu.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Barrow:1924:QDD,
  author =       "D. F. Barrow",
  title =        "Questions and Discussions: Discussions: On Taking
                 Square Roots of Integers",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "482--484",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1924",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:37:29 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Karpinski:1925:HA,
  author =       "Louis Charles Karpinski",
  title =        "The History of Arithmetic",
  publisher =    "Rand McNally \& Company",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 200",
  year =         "1925",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 18:09:05 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{J:1930:RPRb,
  author =       "R. A. J.",
  title =        "Recent Publications: Reviews: {{\em Standard Table of
                 Square Roots}}, by {L. M. Milne-Thomson}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "314--314",
  month =        jun # "\slash " # jul,
  year =         "1930",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:35:55 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Laughlin:1930:LND,
  author =       "Harry H. Laughlin",
  title =        "Large-Number Division by Calculating Machine",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "287--293",
  month =        jun # "\slash " # jul,
  year =         "1930",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:35:55 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Garver:1932:QDNb,
  author =       "Raymond Garver",
  title =        "Questions, Discussions, and Notes: {A} Square Root
                 Method and Continued Fractions",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "533--535",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:36:47 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Couffignal:1933:MCL,
  author =       "L. Couffignal",
  title =        "Les machines {\`a} calculer, leurs principes, leur
                 {\'e}volution. ({French}) [{Calculating} machines,
                 their principles, their evolution]",
  publisher =    "Gauthier-Villars",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  year =         "1933",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:19:11 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Extracts reprinted in \cite[\S 3.2]{Randell:1982:ODC}.
                 Translated by Mr. R. Basu.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Kalbfell:1934:QDN,
  author =       "D. C. Kalbfell",
  title =        "Questions, Discussions and Notes: On a Method for
                 Calculating Square Roots",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "504--506",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:37:31 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Phillips:1936:BC,
  author =       "E. W. Phillips",
  title =        "Binary calculation",
  journal =      j-J-INST-ACTUARIES,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "187--221",
  year =         "1936",
  ISSN =         "0020-2681",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:33:16 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 7.1]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Institute of Actuaries",
}

@Misc{Zuse:1936:VSD,
  author =       "K. Zuse",
  title =        "{Verfahren zur selbstt{\"a}tigen Durchfuhrung von
                 Rechnungen mit Hilfe von Rechenmaschinen}. ({German})
                 [{Procedure} for automatic execution of calculations by
                 calculating machines]",
  howpublished = "German patent application Z23624.",
  day =          "11",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1936",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:22:03 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 4.1]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Escott:1937:QDN,
  author =       "E. B. Escott",
  title =        "Questions, Discussions, and Notes: Rapid Method for
                 Extracting a Square Root",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "644--646",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1937",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:38:44 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Shannon:1937:SAR,
  author =       "Claude Elwood Shannon",
  title =        "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits",
  type =         "{Master of Science}",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering, MIT",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "72",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1937",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 10:35:20 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Not submitted until 1940",
  URL =          "http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/11173/34541425.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "April 30, 1916--February 24, 2001",
  remark =       "Smiley \cite[p. 91]{Smiley:2010:MWI} claims: ``He
                 [Shannon] also had the insight, like Atanasoff, that
                 the binary arithmetic that relay switches represented
                 would simplify information systems. His master's
                 thesis, written when he as twenty-one and published
                 when he was twenty-two, is considered to be one of the
                 most important, if not the most important, master's
                 thesis of the twentieth century.''\par

                 Pages 59--61 of the thesis are a section called
                 ``Electric Adder to the Base Two'', and pages 62--68,
                 ``A Factor Table Machine'', describe a machine that
                 will print a table of factors and primes of all the
                 integers from 1 to 100,000,000. Shannon notes on page
                 68: ``As to the practicality of such a device, it might
                 be said that J. P. Kulik spent 20 years in constructing
                 a table of primes up to 100,000,000 and when finished
                 it was found to contain so many errors that it was not
                 worth publishing. The machine described here could
                 probably be made to handle 5 numbers per second so that
                 the table would require only about 2 months to
                 construct.''",
}

@Article{Benford:1938:LAN,
  author =       "Frank Benford",
  title =        "The Law of Anomalous Numbers",
  journal =      j-PROC-AMER-PHIL-SOC,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "551--572",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "PAPCAA",
  ISSN =         "0003-049X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 15 16:28:28 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-049X%2819380331%2978%3A4%3C551%3ATLOAN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G",
  abstract =     "It has been observed that the first pages of a table
                 of common logarithms show more wear than do the last
                 pages, indicating that more used numbers begin with the
                 digit 1 than with the digit 9. A compilation of some
                 20,000 first digits taken from widely divergent sources
                 shows that there is a logarithmic distribution of first
                 digits when the numbers are composed of four or more
                 digits. An analysis of the numbers from different
                 sources shows that the numbers taken from unrelated
                 subjects, such as a group of newspaper items, show a
                 much better agreement with a logarithmic distribution
                 than do numbers from mathematical tabulations or other
                 formal data. There is here the peculiar fact that
                 numbers that individually are without relationship are,
                 when considered in large groups, in good agreement with
                 a distribution law---hence the name ``Anomalous
                 Numbers.''\par

                 A further analysis of the data shows a strong tendency
                 for bodies of numerical data to fall into geometric
                 series. If the series is made up of numbers containing
                 three or more digits the first digits form a
                 logarithmic series. If the numbers contain only single
                 digits the geometric relation still holds but the
                 simple logarithmic relation no longer applies.\par

                 An equation is given showing the frequencies of first
                 digits in the different orders of numbers 1 to 10, 10
                 to 100, etc.\par

                 The equation also gives the frequency of digits in the
                 second, third + place of a multi-digit number, and it
                 is shown that the same law applies to
                 reciprocals.\par

                 There are many instances showing that the geometric
                 series, or the logarithmic law, has long been
                 recognized as a common phenomenon in factual literature
                 and in the ordinary affairs of life. The wire gauge and
                 drill gauge of the mechanic, the magnitude scale of the
                 astronomer and the sensory response curves of the
                 psychologist are all particular examples of a
                 relationship that seems to extend to all human affairs.
                 The Law of Anomalous Numbers is thus a general
                 probability law of widespread application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
  remark =       "From \cite{Logan:1978:FDP}: ``Benford's paper was
                 published in 1938 in a journal of rather limited
                 circulation and not usually read by mathematicians. It
                 so happened that it was immediately followed in the
                 same issue by a physics paper which became of some
                 importance for secret nuclear work during World War II
                 [H. A. Bethe, M. E. Rose, and L. P. Smith, `The
                 Multiple Scattering of Electrons', Proc. Amer. Phil.
                 Soc. 78(4), 573--585 (1938)]. That is why Benford's
                 paper caught the attention of physicists in the early
                 1940's and was much discussed. This led to the notes in
                 Nature by Goudsmit and Furry [3] and Furry and Hurwitz
                 [4] containing an effort to explain Benford's law. We
                 considered it at that time merely a welcome diversion
                 and did not expect that over thirty papers would be
                 devoted to this subject in subsequent years.'' The 2006
                 bibliography \cite{Hurlimann:2006:BLB} cites 325
                 publications about Benford's Law.",
}

@PhdThesis{Couffignal:1938:AMA,
  author =       "L. Couffignal",
  title =        "Sur l'analyse m{\'e}canique. Application aux machines
                 {\`a} calculer et aux calculs de la m{\'e}canique
                 c{\'e}leste. ({French}) [{On} mechanical analysis.
                 Application to calculating machines and to calculation
                 in celestial mechanics]",
  publisher =    "Gauthier-Villars",
  school =       "Facult{\'e} des Sciences de Paris",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  year =         "1938",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:17:22 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Extracts reprinted in \cite[\S 2.7]{Randell:1982:ODC}.
                 Translated by Mr. R. Basu.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Hardy:1938:ITN,
  author =       "G. H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy and E. M. (Edward
                 Maitland) Wright",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 403",
  year =         "1938",
  LCCN =         "QA241 .H28",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 30 06:49:15 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shannon:1938:SAR,
  author =       "Claude E. Shannon",
  title =        "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits",
  journal =      "Transactions of the {AIEE}",
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "713--723",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1938",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 20 08:54:12 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www2.research.att.com/~njas/doc/shannonbio.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This is Shannon's first published paper (his Master's
                 thesis). In 1940, it received the Alfred Noble Prize of
                 the combined engineering societies of the United
                 States, an award given each year to a person not over
                 thirty for a paper published in one of the journals of
                 the participating societies. H. H. Goldstine
                 \cite{Goldstine:1972:CPN} called this work ``one of the
                 most important master's theses ever written ... a
                 landmark in that it helped to change digital circuit
                 design from an art to a science.''",
}

@TechReport{Atanasoff:1940:CMS,
  author =       "J. V. Atanasoff",
  title =        "Computing machine for the solution of large systems of
                 linear algebraic equations",
  type =         "Unpublished memorandum",
  institution =  "Iowa State College",
  address =      "Ames, IA, USA",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1940",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:36:11 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 7.2]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Bush:1940:AM,
  author =       "V. Bush",
  title =        "Arithmetical Machine",
  howpublished = "Vannevar Bush Papers, Container 18, Folder: Caldwell,
                 Samuel, 1939--1940",
  year =         "1940",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:37:32 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 7.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}.
                 Copyright interest in the unpublished writings of
                 Vannevar Bush has been dedicated to the public.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Stibitz:1940:C,
  author =       "G. R. Stibitz",
  title =        "Computer",
  type =         "Unpublished memorandum",
  institution =  "Bell Telephone Laboratories",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  year =         "1940",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:30:38 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 6.1]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Berry:1941:DED,
  author =       "Clifford Edward Berry",
  title =        "Design of electrical data recording and reading
                 mechanism",
  type =         "{M.S.} thesis",
  school =       "Iowa State College",
  address =      "Ames, IA, USA",
  pages =        "32",
  year =         "1941",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 11:18:18 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1918--1963",
  historical-note = "From
                 http://www.lib.iastate.edu/arch/rgrp/5-2-1-1.html:

                 ``John Vincent Atanasoff received his M.S. (1926) in
                 Mathematics from Iowa State College (University) and
                 received his Ph.D. (1930) in Theoretical Physics from
                 the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He returned to
                 Iowa State in 1930 as Assistant Professor in
                 mathematics and physics and was promoted to Associate
                 Professor (1936). Atanasoff began developing concepts
                 for an electronic computing machine in 1937. It was
                 shortly thereafter that he, along with graduate student
                 Clifford Berry, started work on the world's first
                 electronic digital computer. The computer would later
                 be named the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC).

                 Work on the machine stopped at the start of World War
                 II in 1941 and the ABC was never patented. Atanasoff
                 and Berry were both called to support the war effort
                 and left Iowa State. By the end of the decade, the ABC
                 was removed from the basement of Physics Hall and
                 dismantled.

                 Atanasoff and the ABC were part of a major court case
                 between Honeywell, Inc. and Sperry Rand Corporation
                 which occurred 1967-1973. The case involved the ENIAC
                 patent which covered basic ownership rights to the
                 design of electronic digital computers. During the
                 trial, the judge concluded that the invention of the
                 ENIAC was derived from the work of John Vincent
                 Atanasoff at Iowa State University.

                 A replica of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer was completed
                 and unveiled to the public in 1996. The ABC replica was
                 constructed by a team of Iowa State scientists at the
                 Ames Laboratory and was exhibited at museums throughout
                 the country over the next several years.''",
  remark =       "This thesis may be one of the earliest surviving
                 records of the ABC computer built by John Atanasoff and
                 Clifford Berry in the late 1930s. The one-of-a-kind ABC
                 was destroyed in 1948, and most of its parts were lost.
                 Also cited in ``Charles W. Bradley Collection on the
                 ENIAC Trial, 1930--1966'', (found in
                 http://discover.lib.umn.edu/): CWB as an attorney for
                 the group retained by Honeywell in the Honeywell v.
                 Sperry Rand ENIAC trial. The ABC had a 50-bit word.",
}

@TechReport{Mauchly:1942:UHS,
  author =       "J. W. Mauchly",
  title =        "The use of high speed vacuum tube devices for
                 calculating",
  type =         "Privately circulated memorandum",
  institution =  "Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of
                 Pennsylvania",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA, USA",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1942",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:52:54 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 7.6]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Rajchman:1942:REP,
  author =       "J. A. Rajchman and G. A. Morton and A. W. Vance",
  title =        "Report on Electronic Predictors for Anti-Aircraft Fire
                 Control",
  institution =  "Research Laboratories, R. C. A. Manufacturing Company,
                 Inc.",
  address =      "Camden, NJ, USA",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1942",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 7.4]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Crawford:1943:DNS,
  author =       "W. S. H. Crawford",
  title =        "Discussions and Notes: Square Roots from a Table of
                 Cosines",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "190--191",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1943",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:36:57 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goudsmit:1944:SFN,
  author =       "S. A. Goudsmit and W. H. Furry",
  title =        "Significant Figures of Numbers in Statistical Tables",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "154",
  number =       "3921",
  pages =        "800--801",
  day =          "23",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1944",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/154800a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 18 11:57:19 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v154/n3921/pdf/154800a0.pdf",
  abstract =     "A rough qualitative explanation of this fact can
                 easily be given. If we consider tables in which the
                 entries become rarer the larger they are, we can draw
                 the obvious conclusion that in any interval, say,
                 between 10 and 99, or 10,000 and 99,999, there are more
                 entries on the small side than on the large side.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
}

@Article{Furry:1945:DND,
  author =       "W. H. Furry and Henry Hurwitz",
  title =        "Distribution of Numbers and Distribution of
                 Significant Figures",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "155",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "52--53",
  day =          "13",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1945",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/155052a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 18 11:51:37 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v155/n3924/pdf/155052a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
}

@TechReport{vonNeumann:1945:FDR,
  author =       "John von Neumann",
  title =        "First Draft of a Report on the {EDVAC}",
  institution =  "University of Pennsylvania",
  day =          "30",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1945",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 06 19:17:03 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Ai/alife.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 8.2]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This is the report that got von Neumann's name
                 associated with the serial, stored-program, general
                 purpose, digital architecture upon which 99.99\% of all
                 computers today are based.",
  xxnote =       "Report prepared for U.S. Army Ordinance Department
                 under Contract W-670-ORD-4926. Reprinted in
                 \cite[pp.~177--246]{Stern:1981:EUA},
                 \cite[pp.~399--413]{Randell:1982:ODC},
                 \cite{vonNeumann:1993:FDR}, and
                 \cite{Laplante:1996:GPC}.",
}

@Article{Aiken:1946:ASC,
  author =       "H. H. Aiken and G. M. Hopper",
  title =        "The {Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator}",
  journal =      "Electrical Engineering",
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "384--391, 449--454, 522--528",
  year =         "1946",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:26:29 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 5.2]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Burks:1946:PDL,
  author =       "Arthur W. Burks and Herman H. Goldstine and John von
                 Neumann",
  title =        "Preliminary discussion of the logical design of an
                 electronic computing instrument",
  institution =  inst-INST-ADV-STUDY,
  address =      inst-INST-ADV-STUDY:adr,
  pages =        "42",
  day =          "28",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1946",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 08:17:48 2004",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/computer.arithmetic.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/fparith.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Theory/arith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Report to the U.S. Army Ordnance Department. Reprinted
                 in \cite[pp.~221--259]{Swartzlander:1976:CDD}, \cite[\S
                 8.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}, and
                 \cite[pp.~97--146]{Aspray:1987:PJN}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Discusses floating-point versus fixed-point
                 computation, and concludes that floating-point is
                 probably not justifiable. They wrote:\par

                 ``There appear to be two major purposes in a `floating'
                 decimal point system both of which arise from the fact
                 that the number of digits in a word is a constant fixed
                 by design considerations for each particular machine.
                 The first of these purposes is to retain in a sum or
                 product as many significant digits as possible and the
                 second of these is to free the human operator from the
                 burden of estimating and inserting into a problem
                 `scale factors' --- multiplicative constants which
                 serve to keep numbers within the limits of the
                 machine.\par

                 There is, of course, no denying the fact that human
                 time is consumed in arranging for the introduction of
                 suitable scale factors. We only argue that the time so
                 consumed is a very small percentage of the total time
                 we will spend in preparing an interesting problem for
                 our machine. The first advantage of the floating point
                 is, we feel, somewhat illusory. In order to have such a
                 floating point, one must waste memory capacity which
                 could otherwise be used for carrying more digits per
                 word. It would therefore seem to us not at all clear
                 whether the modest advantages of a floating binary
                 point offset the loss of memory capacity and the
                 increased complexity of the arithmetic and control
                 circuits.''",
}

@Article{Cesareo:1946:RI,
  author =       "O. Cesareo",
  title =        "The Relay Interpolator",
  journal =      j-BELL-LABS-RECORD,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "457--460",
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "BLRCAB",
  ISSN =         "0005-8564",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:31:47 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 6.2]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Dreyer:1946:REM,
  author =       "H.-J. Dreyer and A. Walther",
  title =        "{Der Rechenautomat Ipm. Entwicklung Mathematischer
                 Instrumente in Deutschland 1939 bis 1945}. ({German})
                 [{The} {Ipm} Calculator. {The} development of
                 mathematical instruments in {Germany} 1939--1945]",
  type =         "{Bericht}",
  number =       "A3",
  institution =  "Institut f{\"u}r Praktische Mathematik, Technische
                 Hochschule",
  address =      "Darmstadt, West Germany",
  day =          "19",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1946",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:20:15 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 3.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}.
                 Translated by Mr. and Mrs. P. Jones",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Goldstine:1946:ENI,
  author =       "H. H. Goldstine and Adele Goldstine",
  title =        "The {Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
                 (ENIAC)}",
  journal =      j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "97--110",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "MTTCAS",
  ISSN =         "0891-6837",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:44:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 7.7]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Goldstine:1947:PCP,
  author =       "Herman H. Goldstine and John von Neumann",
  title =        "Planning and coding of problems for an electronic
                 computing instrument",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "1",
  institution =  inst-INST-ADV-STUDY,
  address =      inst-INST-ADV-STUDY:adr,
  pages =        "69",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1947",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 01 17:41:33 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Report prepared for U.S. Army Ordnance Department
                 under contract W-36-034-OKD-7481. Reprinted in
                 \cite[80--151]{Taub:1963:JNCa}. Knuth
                 \cite[p.~278]{Knuth:1997:SA} cites pp.~142--151 of this
                 report as the first published treatment of
                 double-precision arithmetic on digital computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Juley:1947:BC,
  author =       "J. Juley",
  title =        "The Ballistic Computer",
  journal =      j-BELL-LABS-RECORD,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "5--9",
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "BLRCAB",
  ISSN =         "0005-8564",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:32:38 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 6.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Mauchly:1947:PPE,
  author =       "J. W. Mauchly",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of a Symposium on Large Scale Digital
                 Calculating Machinery, 7--10 January 1947}",
  title =        "Preparation of problems for {EDVAC}-type machines",
  publisher =    "Harvard University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  year =         "1947",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:55:58 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in {\em Annals of the Computation Laboratory
                 of Harvard University}, {\bf 16}, 203--207 (1948).
                 Reprinted in \cite[\S 8.2]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vonNeumann:1947:NIM,
  author =       "John von Neumann and Herman H. Goldstine",
  title =        "Numerical Inverting of Matrices of High Order",
  journal =      j-BULL-AMS,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1021--1099",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "BAMOAD",
  ISSN =         "0002-9904",
  MRclass =      "65.0X",
  MRnumber =     "MR0024235 (9,471b)",
  MRreviewer =   "E. Bodewig",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:49:36 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Goldstine:1951:NIM} for Part II. Reprinted
                 in \cite[v.~5, pp.~479--557]{Taub:1961:JNC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-jg,
  kwds =         "nla, linear system, rounding error",
  referred =     "[Markov1999a].",
  remark =       "This may be the first journal publication about the
                 use of double-precision arithmetic on computers, used
                 for the accumulation of inner products and matrix
                 products. On pp.~1035--1038, the authors show that when
                 the sum of $m$ products of two $s$-digit numbers is
                 accumulated in precision $2s$, with rounding to $s$
                 digits only after the final sum is complete, then the
                 rounding error is essentially one unit in the last
                 place, instead of $m$ times that value. Cited in
                 \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  ZMnumber =     "0031.31402",
}

@Article{Alt:1948:BTLa,
  author =       "Franz L. Alt",
  title =        "A {Bell Telephone Laboratories}' Computing
                 Machine---{I}",
  journal =      j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "1--13",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "MTTCAS",
  ISSN =         "0891-6837",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:44:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 6.4]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eckert:1948:EC,
  author =       "W. J. Eckert",
  title =        "Electrons and computation",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "315--323",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:27:40 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 5.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Turing:1948:REM,
  author =       "A. M. Turing",
  title =        "Rounding-Off Errors in Matrix Processes",
  journal =      j-QUART-J-MECH-APPLIED-MATH,
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "287--308",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "QJMMAV",
  ISSN =         "0033-5614",
  MRclass =      "65.0X",
  MRnumber =     "MR0028100 (10,405c)",
  MRreviewer =   "E. Bodewig",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 19 12:09:58 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/a/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Turing:1992:PM} with summary and
                 notes (including corrections)",
  URL =          "http://turing.ecs.soton.ac.uk/browse.php/B/18",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  mynote =       "The notes are not very good. They mainly correct
                 errors and fill in the gaps of derivations. Much better
                 would have been higher level comments from a numerical
                 analyst, e.g. on where Turing's ideas/predictions were
                 wrong.",
  ZMnumber =     "0033.28501",
}

@Article{Williams:1948:EDC,
  author =       "F. C. Williams and T. Kilburn",
  title =        "Electronic digital computers",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "162",
  number =       "487",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 12:00:02 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 8.4]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hartree:1949:NSR,
  author =       "Douglas R. (Douglas Rayner) Hartree",
  title =        "Note On Systematic Roundoff Errors in Numerical
                 Integration",
  journal =      "Journal of Research of the National Bureau of
                 Standards",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "62--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1949",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 19:07:37 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Huskey:1949:PCP,
  author =       "H. D. Huskey",
  title =        "On the Precision of a Certain Procedure of Numerical
                 Integration",
  journal =      j-J-RES-NATL-BUR-STAND,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "57--62",
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "JRNBAG",
  ISSN =         "0091-0635",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:32:34 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Book{Stifler:1950:HSC,
  editor =       "W. W. {Stifler, Jr.}",
  title =        "High-speed computing devices",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 451",
  year =         "1950",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .E5",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:18:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Supervised by Charles Brown Tompkins and C. H.
                 Wakelin, Engineering Research Associates. The contents
                 of this volume were first assembled in the form of a
                 report to the Office of Naval Research, prepared under
                 a provision of contract N6-ONR-240, Task 1. Cited in
                 \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "computers",
}

@InProceedings{Wilkes:1950:E,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes and W. Renwick",
  booktitle =    "{Report of a Conference on High Speed Automatic
                 Calculating Machines, 22--25 June 1949}",
  title =        "The {EDSAC}",
  publisher =    "University Mathematical Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  pages =        "9--11",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1950",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 12:00:41 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 8.5]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Worsley:1950:ED,
  author =       "B. H. Worsley",
  booktitle =    "Report of a Conference on High Speed Automatic
                 Calculating Machines, {22--25 June 1949}",
  title =        "The {EDSAC} demonstration",
  publisher =    "University Mathematical Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  pages =        "12--16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1950",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:39:09 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 8.6]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Booth:1951:SBM,
  author =       "A. D. Booth",
  title =        "A signed binary multiplication technique",
  journal =      j-QUART-J-MECH-APPLIED-MATH,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "236--240",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "QJMMAV",
  ISSN =         "0033-5614",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Brown:1951:HRR,
  author =       "G. W. Brown",
  title =        "History of {RAND}'s random digits",
  crossref =     "Householder:1951:MCM",
  pages =        "31--32",
  year =         "1951",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 18 12:02:43 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/2008/P113.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gill:1951:PSS,
  author =       "S. Gill",
  title =        "A process for the step-by-step integration of
                 differential equations in an automatic digital
                 computing machine",
  journal =      j-PROC-CAMBRIDGE-PHIL-SOC,
  volume =       "47",
  pages =        "96--108",
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "PCPSA4",
  ISSN =         "0008-1981",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 05:54:12 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; floating-point
                 arithmetic; rounding errors",
  remark =       "Higham \cite{Higham:1993:AFP} comments ``In 1951 Gill
                 [8] noticed that the rounding error in the sum of two
                 numbers could be estimated by subtracting one of the
                 numbers from the sum, and he made use of this estimate
                 in a Runge--Kutta code in a program library for the
                 EDSAC computer.''",
}

@Article{Goldstine:1951:NIM,
  author =       "Herman H. Goldstine and John von Neumann",
  title =        "Numerical Inverting of Matrices of High Order. {II}",
  journal =      j-PROC-AM-MATH-SOC,
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "188--202",
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "PAMYAR",
  ISSN =         "0002-9939 (print), 1088-6826 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.0X",
  MRnumber =     "MR0041539 (12,861b)",
  MRreviewer =   "F. J. Murray",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:49:46 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{vonNeumann:1947:NIM} for Part I. Reprinted
                 in \cite[Paper~15, pp.~558--572]{Taub:1963:JNCa}.",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/view/00029939/di970628/97p0185x/0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society",
  ZMnumber =     "043.12301",
}

@InProceedings{Andrews:1952:RBL,
  author =       "E. G. Andrews",
  editor =       "J. C. McPherson",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the AIEE-IRE '51: Papers and
                 discussions presented at the December 10--12, 1951,
                 joint AIEE-IRE computer conference, Philadelphia, PA:
                 Review of electronic digital computers",
  title =        "A review of the {Bell Laboratories}' digital computer
                 developments",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "101--105",
  year =         "1952",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1434770.1434787",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 03 09:17:58 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bookpages =    "vi + 114",
  keywords =     "Bell Laboratories Model 1--5 relay computers; complex
                 fixed-point decimal arithmetic; complex floating-point
                 decimal arithmetic",
}

@Article{Davis:1952:ARS,
  author =       "K. Davis and R. Biddulph and S. Balashek",
  title =        "Automatic Recognition of Spoken Digits",
  journal =      j-J-ACOUST-SOC-AM,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "637--642",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "JASMAN",
  ISSN =         "0001-4966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:38:51 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Morrill:1952:SEM,
  author =       "C. D. Morrill and R. V. Baum",
  title =        "A Stabilized Electronic Multiplier",
  journal =      j-TRANS-IRE-PROF-GROUP-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "52--59",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 15 15:20:53 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the I.R.E. Professional Group on
                 Electronic Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Sheldon:1952:ICP,
  author =       "J. W. Sheldon and L. Tatum",
  booktitle =    "Review of Electronic Digital Computers. Joint
                 {AIEE--IRE} Computer Confer ence. {10--12 December
                 1951}",
  title =        "The {IBM} card-programmed electronic calculator",
  publisher =    "American Institute of Electrical Engineers",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "30--36",
  year =         "1952",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:28:45 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 5.4]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{IBM:1953:POT,
  author =       "{IBM Corporation}",
  title =        "Principles of Operation: Type 701 and Associated
                 Equipment",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "103",
  year =         "1953",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 14 23:17:49 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Backus:1954:ISS,
  author =       "J. W. Backus",
  title =        "The {IBM 701 Speedcoding} System",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--6",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 04 00:18:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://community.computerhistory.org/scc/projects/FORTRAN/paper/p4-backus.pdf",
  abstract =     "The IBM 701 Speedcoding System is a set of
                 instructions which causes the 701 to behave like a
                 three-address floating point calculator. Let us call
                 this the Speedcoding calculator. In addition to
                 operating in floating point, this Speedcoding
                 calculator has extremely convenient means for getting
                 information into the machine and for printing results;
                 it has an extensive set of operations to make the job
                 of programming as easy as possible. Speedcoding also
                 provides automatic address modification, flexible
                 tracing, convenient use of auxiliary storage, and
                 built-in checking.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Burroughs:1954:DH,
  author =       "{Burroughs Corporation. ElectroData}",
  title =        "Datatron handbooks",
  organization = "The Division",
  address =      "Pasadena, CA, USA",
  year =         "1954",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "12 volumes in 1.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Datatron (Computer)",
  remark =       "Datatron programming and coding manual --- Datatron
                 operation manual --- Central computer handbook ---
                 Paper tape system handbook --- Card converter Model 500
                 handbook --- Magnetic tape system handbook ---
                 Cardatron system handbook --- Model 560 DATAFILE
                 handbook --- Control console and consolette handbook
                 --- Floating point control unit handbook --- External
                 switching unit handbook --- Tape preparation unit
                 handbook.",
}

@Article{Freeman:1954:TSA,
  author =       "H. Freeman and E. Parsons",
  title =        "Time-Sharing Analog Multiplier ({TSAM})",
  journal =      j-TRANS-IRE-PROF-GROUP-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--17",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 15 15:20:53 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the I.R.E. Professional Group on
                 Electronic Computers",
  remark =       "Cited in US Patent 3,043,516 (10 July 1962): Time
                 Summing Device for Division, Multiplication, Root
                 Taking and Interpolation, by Harold W. Abbott and
                 Vernon P. Mathis.",
}

@Article{Gorn:1954:AAC,
  author =       "Saul Gorn",
  title =        "The Automatic Analysis and Control of Computing
                 Errors",
  journal =      j-J-SIAM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "69--81",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "JSIMAV",
  ISSN =         "0368-4245 (print), 1095-712X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 15 18:16:06 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kovach:1954:AMU,
  author =       "L. D. Kovach and W. Comley",
  title =        "An Analog Multiplier Using Thyrite",
  journal =      j-TRANS-IRE-PROF-GROUP-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "42--45",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 17 09:57:13 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the I.R.E. Professional Group on
                 Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Mayer:1954:ODF,
  author =       "M. A. Mayer and B. M. Gordon and R. N. Nicola",
  title =        "An operational digital feedback divider",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--20",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 17 09:52:58 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Moshman:1954:GPR,
  author =       "Jack Moshman",
  title =        "The Generation of Pseudo-Random Numbers on a Decimal
                 Calculator",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "88--91",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 04 00:18:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Crockett:1955:GMM,
  author =       "J. B. Crockett and H. Chernoff",
  title =        "Gradient Methods of Maximization",
  journal =      j-PAC-J-MATH,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "33--50",
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "PJMAAI",
  ISSN =         "0030-8730",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 08:54:24 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Book{Eckert:1955:FFS,
  author =       "W. J. (Wallace John) Eckert and Rebecca Bradley
                 Jones",
  title =        "Faster, faster; a simple description of a giant
                 electronic calculator and the problems it solves",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "160",
  year =         "1955",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .E25",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 08:57:56 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1902--1971",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "Computers",
  xxaddress =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  xxpublisher =  pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
}

@Book{Hastings:1955:ADC,
  author =       "Cecil B. {Hastings, Jr.} and Jeanne T. Hayward and
                 James P. {Wong, Jr.}",
  title =        "Approximations for Digital Computers",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 201",
  year =         "1955",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .H33",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 30 14:51:50 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Lenaerts:1955:ASR,
  author =       "E. H. Lenaerts",
  title =        "Automatic Square Rooting",
  journal =      "Electronic Engineering",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "287--289",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1955",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Parsons:1955:SDC,
  author =       "Frances L. Parsons",
  title =        "A Simple Desk-Calculator Method for Checking Binary
                 Results of Digital Computer Arithmetic Operations",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "205--207",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 09 01:00:34 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Richards:1955:AOD,
  author =       "R. K. Richards",
  title =        "Arithmetic Operations in Digital Computers",
  publisher =    "D. Van Nostrand",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "iv + 397",
  year =         "1955",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .R5 1955",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 18:46:37 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Robertson:1955:TCM,
  author =       "J. E. Robertson",
  title =        "Two's Complement Multiplication in Binary Parallel
                 Digital Computers",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "118--119",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IRETELC.1955.5407911",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 15:10:39 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5407911",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Estrin:1956:NHS,
  author =       "G. Estrin and B. Gilchrist and J. H. Pomerene",
  title =        "A Note on High-Speed Digital Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "140--140",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1956.5219936",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 15:46:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219936",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Book{Hildebrand:1956:INA,
  author =       "Francis Begnaud Hildebrand",
  title =        "Introduction to numerical analysis",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "511",
  year =         "1956",
  LCCN =         "QA300 .H5",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:19:58 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "International series in pure and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See also second edition
                 \cite{Hildebrand:1974:INA,Hildebrand:1987:INA}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis",
}

@Article{Lilamand:1956:TDM,
  author =       "M. Lejet Lilamand",
  title =        "A Time-Division Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--34",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1956.5219789",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 15:46:18 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219789",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Perkins:1956:EPC,
  author =       "Robert Perkins",
  title =        "{EASIAC}, {A} Pseudo-Computer",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "65--72",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 04 23:46:26 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the primary functions of the MIDAC installation
                 at the University of Michigan is the instruction of
                 beginners in the various aspects of digital machine use
                 including programming and coding. \ldots{} In
                 conducting these courses it was soon found to be
                 extremely difficult, in five or six instruction
                 periods, to bring a complete newcomer up to the point
                 where he can code and check out on MIDAC anything more
                 than a rather trivial routine. As might be expected the
                 difficulty centers around problems of scaling,
                 instruction modification and binary representation.
                 \ldots{} To alleviate these problems it was decided
                 that a new computer was needed: one designed to make
                 programming easier. At the cost of some of MIDAC's
                 speed and capacity plus two or three man-months of
                 programming time EASIAC, the EASy Instruction Automatic
                 Computer, was realized as a translation-interpretation
                 program in MIDAC.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "Early example of a decimal floating-point machine.",
}

@Article{Robertson:1956:NCD,
  author =       "J. E. Robertson",
  title =        "A new class of digital division methods",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-5",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "65--73",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:14:45 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stegun:1956:PC,
  author =       "Irene A. Stegun and Milton Abramowitz",
  title =        "Pitfalls in computation",
  journal =      "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied
                 Mathematics",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "207--219",
  year =         "1956",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 06:16:28 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Sydnor:1956:AMS,
  author =       "R. L. Sydnor and T. R. O'Meara and J. Strathman",
  title =        "Analog Multipliers and Squarers Using a Multigrid
                 Modulator",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "82--85",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1956.5219804",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 15:46:21 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219804",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Weinberger:1956:OMA,
  author =       "A. Weinberger and J. L. Smith",
  title =        "A One-Microsecond Adder Using One-Megacycle
                 Circuitry",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-5",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "65--73",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:38:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ercoli:1957:EDO,
  author =       "Paolo Ercoli and Roberto Vacca",
  title =        "Errors Due to Overflow in Arithmetic Operations
                 Particularly as Regards {FINAC} Electronic Computer",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "450--455",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 08 09:28:48 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See letter \cite{Ercoli:1960:LEE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; overflow",
}

@Article{Gini:1957:SFD,
  author =       "Corrado Gini",
  title =        "Sulla frequenza delle cifre iniziali dei numeri
                 osservati. (Italian) [{On} the frequency of initial
                 digits of observed numbers]",
  journal =      "Bull. Inst. Internat. Stat.",
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "57--76",
  year =         "1957",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 18 11:54:25 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "29th session, 2nd delivery, Rio de Janerio.",
  URL =          "",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
  language =     "Italian",
}

@Article{Herzel:1957:SDD,
  author =       "Amato Herzel",
  title =        "Sulla distribuzione della cifre iniziali dei numeri
                 statistici. ({Italian}) [{On} the frequency of initial
                 digits of statistical numbers]",
  journal =      "Atti dell XV e XVII Riunione, Societa Italiana di
                 Statistica",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1957",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 18 12:00:07 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
  language =     "Italian",
}

@Article{Howe:1957:TRA,
  author =       "R. M. Howe and E. G. Gilbert",
  title =        "Trigonometric Resolution in Analog Computers by Means
                 of Multiplier Elements",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "86--92",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1957.5221576",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 16:07:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5221576",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Kalbfell:1957:EAM,
  author =       "David C. Kalbfell",
  title =        "An Electronic Analog Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "100--103",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1957.5221579",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 16:07:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5221579",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Kogbetliantz:1957:CEN,
  author =       "E. G. Kogbetliantz",
  title =        "Computation of $e^n$ for $-\infty<n<+\infty$ Using an
                 Electronic Computer",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "110--115",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 06 18:04:49 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Lehman:1957:HSD,
  author =       "M. Lehman",
  title =        "High-Speed Digital Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "204--205",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1957.5222025",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 16:07:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5222025",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Luke:1957:CLZ,
  author =       "Y. L. Luke",
  title =        "On the Computation of $\log{Z}$ and $\arctan{Z}$",
  journal =      j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "16--18",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "MTTCAS",
  ISSN =         "0891-6837",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:09 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Metze:1957:SPO,
  author =       "G. Metze",
  title =        "A Study of Parallel One's Complement Arithmetic Units
                 with Separate Carry or Borrow Storage",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "81",
  institution =  "Digital Computer Laboratory, University of Illinois",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  pages =        "77",
  year =         "1957",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 09:07:07 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Flores' book \cite[p. 485]{Flores:1963:LCA} cites this
                 report, and says that its conclusion is that the
                 disadvantages of one's complement arithmetic outweigh
                 the advantages.",
}

@TechReport{Taylor:1957:CCA,
  author =       "W. Bruce Taylor",
  title =        "{COIN} (Compile-Interpreter): an automatic
                 programming, fixed and floating-point library of
                 subroutines for the {ERA} 1103 computer",
  institution =  "Operations Research Office, Johns Hopkins University",
  address =      "Bethesda, MD, USA",
  pages =        "43",
  year =         "1957",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Staff paper / Johns Hopkins University, Operations
                 Research Office; ORO-SP-32 Staff paper (Johns Hopkins
                 University. Operations Research Office); ORO-SP-32.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Military art and science --- Data processing.;
                 Military research --- Data processing.",
  remark =       "Cover title. ``Operating under contract with the
                 Department of the Army.'' ``Project COMPLAB.''
                 ``October 1957.'' ORO-SP-32",
}

@Article{Weibel:1957:EAM,
  author =       "Erich S. Weibel",
  title =        "An Electronic Analog Multiplier Using Carriers",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "30--34",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1957.5221558",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 30 16:07:23 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5221558",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@TechReport{Anonymous:1958:ARM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Analysis and research memorandum 294",
  type =         "{AR} Memo",
  number =       "294 (AD 207929)",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Naval
                 Supersonic Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "7",
  day =          "23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1958",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Error functions.; Floating-point arithmetic.",
}

@Article{Bemer:1958:MMS,
  author =       "Robert W. Bemer",
  title =        "A Machine Method for Square-Root Computation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--7",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:35:46 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Bemer:1958:SMC,
  author =       "R. W. Bemer",
  title =        "A Subroutine Method for Calculating Logarithms",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "5--7",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:09 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Couleur:1958:BBD,
  author =       "J. F. Couleur",
  title =        "{BIDEC} --- {A} Binary-to-Decimal or Decimal-to-Binary
                 Converter",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-7",
  pages =        "313--316",
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:28:12 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Delury:1958:CAN,
  author =       "Daniel B. Delury",
  title =        "Computation with Approximate Numbers",
  journal =      j-MATH-TEACH,
  volume =       "51",
  pages =        "521--530",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1958",
  ISSN =         "0025-5769",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:47:47 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ershov:1958:PAO,
  author =       "Andrei P. Ershov",
  title =        "On Programming of Arithmetic Operations",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "3--6",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:21 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm1.html#Ershov58;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Ershov58",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Ershov58",
}

@Article{Gower:1958:NIM,
  author =       "J. C. Gower",
  title =        "A Note on an Iterative Method for Root Extraction",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "142--143",
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:36:55 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
  xxnumber =     "(none)",
}

@Article{Kogbetliantz:1958:CANa,
  author =       "E. G. Kogbetliantz",
  title =        "Computation of Arctan {$N$} for $-\infty<{N}<+\infty$
                 Using an Electronic Computer",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--53",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Kogbetliantz:1958:CANb,
  author =       "E. G. Kogbetliantz",
  title =        "Computation of Arcsin {$N$} for $0<{N}<1$ Using an
                 Electronic Computer",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "218--222",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Metropolis:1958:SDC,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and R. L. Ashenhurst",
  title =        "Significant Digit Computer Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "265--267",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1958.5222657",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 19:23:38 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  abstract =     "The usual floating point arithmetic makes error
                 analysis difficult. This paper describes an alternative
                 system which offers a means of analyzing floating point
                 calculations more effectively and which also possesses
                 certain advantages from an equipment standpoint.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Robertson:1958:NCDa,
  author =       "J. E. Robertson",
  title =        "A new class of digital division methods",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "88--92",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Robertson:1958:NCDb,
  author =       "James E. Robertson",
  title =        "A New Class of Digital Division Methods",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "218--222",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1958.5222579",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:56:43 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5222579",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Schmid:1958:TFQ,
  author =       "Hermann Schmid",
  title =        "A Transistorized Four-Quadrant Time-Division
                 Multiplier with an Accuracy of 0.1 Per Cent",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--47",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1958.5222094",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:56:43 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5222094",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Sisson:1958:IDR,
  author =       "Roger L. Sisson",
  title =        "An Improved Decimal Redundancy Check",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "10--12",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:22:12 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm1.html#Sisson58;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "As more emphasis is placed on improving the accuracy
                 of data fed into automatic computing systems, more
                 emphasis will be placed on redundancy checking of
                 predictable fields within the input. Two systems (at
                 least) of checking a field of decimal digits have been
                 proposed. In both of these it is assumed that the field
                 to be checked is all numeric and that the redundancy
                 must be of only one digit.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  oldlabel =     "Sisson58",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Sisson58",
}

@Article{Tocher:1958:TMD,
  author =       "K. D. Tocher",
  title =        "Techniques of Multiplication and Division for
                 Automatic Binary Computers",
  journal =      j-QUART-J-MECH-APPLIED-MATH,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "364--384",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "QJMMAV",
  ISSN =         "0033-5614",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wadey:1958:TSR,
  author =       "W. G. Wadey",
  title =        "Two Square-Root Approximations",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "13--14",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:22 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm1.html#Wadey58;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Wadey58",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Wadey58",
}

@Article{Ashenhurst:1959:UFP,
  author =       "Robert L. Ashenhurst and Nicholas Metropolis",
  title =        "Unnormalized Floating Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "415--428",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "MR0105833 (21 \#4568)",
  MRreviewer =   "H. H. Goldstine",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:06:24 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Algorithms for floating point computer arithmetic are
                 described, in which fractional parts are not subject to
                 the usual normalization convention. These algorithms
                 give results in a form which furnishes some indication
                 of their degree of precision. An analysis of one-stage
                 error propagation is developed for each operation; a
                 suggested statistical model for long-run error
                 propagation is also set forth.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery",
  ZMnumber =     "0121.12102",
}

@Article{Buchholz:1959:FFC,
  author =       "Wilfried Buchholz",
  title =        "Fingers or Fists? (The Choice of Decimal or Binary
                 Representation)",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3--11",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:28:45 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Buchholz59;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  oldlabel =     "Buchholz59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Buchholz59",
  xxnote =       "Check author first name: article has W. Buchholz; I
                 think it should be Werner, not Wilfried.",
}

@Article{Carr:1959:EAF,
  author =       "John W. {Carr III}",
  title =        "Error Analysis in Floating Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "10--15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:23 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Carr59a;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Carr59a",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Carr59a",
}

@InCollection{Carr:1959:PC,
  author =       "John W. {Carr III}",
  editor =       "Eugene M. Grabbe and Simon Ramo and Dean E.
                 Wooldridge",
  booktitle =    "Handbook of Automation, Computation, and Control",
  title =        "Programming and Coding",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  year =         "1959",
  LCCN =         "TJ213 .G72",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 08:41:16 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Chapter 2.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bookpages =    "????",
  remark =       "1958--1961: Volume 1. Control fundamentals. Volume 2.
                 Computers and data processing. Volume 3. Systems and
                 components. Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "automation; mathematics; computers; operations
                 research",
}

@Article{Daggett:1959:DBC,
  author =       "D. H. Daggett",
  title =        "Decimal-Binary Conversions in {CORDIC}",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "335--339",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 08:14:00 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Ercoli:1959:BAD,
  author =       "Paolo Ercoli and Roberto Vacca",
  title =        "Binary Arithmetic for Discretely Variable Word Length
                 in a Serial Computer",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "13--15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:22 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#ErcoliV59;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "ErcoliV59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/ErcoliV59",
}

@Article{Forsythe:1959:RNR,
  author =       "George E. Forsythe",
  title =        "Reprint of a Note on Rounding-Off Errors",
  journal =      j-SIAM-REVIEW,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--67",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "SIREAD",
  ISSN =         "0036-1445 (print), 1095-7200 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1445",
  MRclass =      "65.00",
  MRnumber =     "MR0099119 (20 \#5563)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 22 09:08:17 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siamreview.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIAM Review",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  ZMnumber =     "0168.14002",
}

@Article{Garner:1959:RMS,
  author =       "Harvey L. Garner",
  title =        "A Ring Model for the Study of Multiplication for
                 Complement Codes",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--30",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1959.5222757",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:56:44 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5222757",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Garner:1959:RNS,
  author =       "Harvey L. Garner",
  title =        "The Residue Number System",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "140--147",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1959.5219515",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:56:44 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219515",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Gray:1959:NFP,
  author =       "H. L. Gray and C. Harrison",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference,
                 Boston, MA, December 1--3, 1959",
  title =        "Normalized floating-point arithmetic with an index of
                 significance",
  volume =       "16",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "244--248",
  year =         "1959",
  LCCN =         "TK7885.A1 J6",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 09 09:43:31 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Henrici:1959:TES,
  author =       "Peter Henrici",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Conference on
                 Information Processing, UNESCO",
  title =        "Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the
                 Accumulation of Error in the Numerical Solution of
                 Initial Value Problems for Systems of Ordinary
                 Differential Equations",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "36--43",
  year =         "1959",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:11:32 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Kogbetliantz:1959:CSC,
  author =       "E. G. Kogbetliantz",
  title =        "Computation of $\sin{N}$, $\cos{N}$, and {$M$}th Root
                 of {$N$} Using an Electronic Computer",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "147--152",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Lucal:1959:AOD,
  author =       "Harold M. Lucal",
  title =        "Arithmetic Operations for Digital Computers Using a
                 Modified Reflected Binary Code",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "449--458",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1959.5222057",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:56:45 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5222057",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Muller:1959:CMG,
  author =       "Mervin E. Muller",
  title =        "A Comparison of Methods for Generating Normal Deviates
                 on Digital Computers",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "376--383",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 1 09:33:26 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Distributed/QLD/Pre.1970.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  descriptors =  "RVG",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Pfeiffer:1959:FQM,
  author =       "Paul E. Pfeiffer",
  title =        "A Four-Quadrant Multiplier Using Triangular Waves,
                 Diodes, Resistors, and Operational Amplifiers",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "222--227",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1959.5219526",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:56:45 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219526",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Rothstein:1959:RBN,
  author =       "Jerome Rothstein",
  title =        "Residues of Binary Numbers Modulo Three",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "229--229",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1959.5219529",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:56:45 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219529",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Sarafyan:1959:NMC,
  author =       "Diran Sarafyan",
  title =        "A New Method of Computation of Square Roots Without
                 Using Division",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "23--24",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:24 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Sarafyan59;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See comments \cite{Traub:1960:CNM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Sarafyan59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Sarafyan59",
}

@Article{Sheridan:1959:ATC,
  author =       "Peter B. Sheridan",
  title =        "The Arithmetic Translator Compiler of the {IBM FORTRAN
                 Automatic Coding System}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--21",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:22 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Sheridan59;
                 http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~cs4304/bibliography.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Sheridan59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Sheridan59",
}

@Article{Strachey:1959:TSR,
  author =       "C. Strachey",
  title =        "On taking the square root of a complex number",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "89--89",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/2.2.89",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:55:11 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_02/Issue_02/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_02/Issue_02/020089.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_02/Issue_02/tiff/89.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Taranto:1959:BCF,
  author =       "Donald Taranto",
  title =        "Binary Conversion, with Fixed Decimal Precision, of a
                 Decimal Fraction",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "27--27",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:25:37 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Taranto59;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  oldlabel =     "Taranto59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Taranto59",
}

@Article{Volder:1959:CTC,
  author =       "J. E. Volder",
  title =        "The {CORDIC} Trigonometric Computing Technique",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "330--334",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:31 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Wensley:1959:CNA,
  author =       "J. H. Wensley",
  title =        "A Class of Non-Analytical Iterative Processes",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "163--167",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:55:07 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/semantics.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_01/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_01/Issue_04/010163.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_01/Issue_04/tiff/163.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_01/Issue_04/tiff/164.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_01/Issue_04/tiff/165.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_01/Issue_04/tiff/166.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_01/Issue_04/tiff/167.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Young:1959:SSM,
  author =       "John Mackay Young",
  title =        "A study of some methods of numerical integration using
                 floating point arithmetic",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S. in Mathematics})",
  school =       "Texas A.\&M. College",
  address =      "College Station, TX, USA",
  pages =        "50",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brown:1960:EDC,
  author =       "David T. Brown",
  title =        "Error Detecting and Correcting Binary Codes for
                 Arithmetic Operations",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "333--337",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1960.5219855",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:34:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219855",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Croy:1960:IAD,
  author =       "John E. Croy",
  title =        "Improved Arrangement of a Decimal Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "263--263",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1960.5219830",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 15:34:11 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219830",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Ercoli:1960:LEE,
  author =       "Paolo Ercoli",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {Errors} Due to Overflow in
                 Arithmetic Operations",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "A9--A9",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:29 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Ercoli:1957:EDO}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gurzi:1960:HSM,
  author =       "Fred Gurzi",
  title =        "A High-Speed Multiplication Process for Digital
                 Computers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "241--245",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm3.html#Gurzi60;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Gurzi60",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Gurzi60",
}

@TechReport{Jensen:1960:CIF,
  author =       "B. A. Jensen",
  title =        "Coding instructions for floating point trigonometric,
                 inverse trigonometric hyperbolic and exponential
                 functions",
  type =         "Group report",
  number =       "30G-0009",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln
                 Laboratory",
  address =      "Lexington, MA, USA",
  pages =        "7",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Trigonometrical functions --- Computer programs.",
  remark =       "Cover title. ``Millstone Hill Radar Station.'' ``1
                 November 1960.'' Air Force Contract",
}

@Article{Knuth:1960:INS,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "An Imaginary Number System",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "245--247",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.99",
  MRnumber =     "23\#B554",
  MRreviewer =   "C. B. Haselgrove",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm3.html#Knuth60;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  note =         "Errata, {\sl Commun\-i\-ca\-tions of the ACM\/ \bf 4}
                 (August 1961), 355 \cite{Knuth:1961:EIN}. See
                 \cite{Nadler:1961:DSR} for extension to division and
                 square root.",
  abstract =     "For centuries the decimal number system reigned
                 supreme, except, perhaps, among the Mayan Indians,
                 until the advent of digital computers brought the
                 binary and octal systems into the limelight. This paper
                 introduces another number system which may prove useful
                 for manipulating complex numbers on machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Knuth60",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Knuth60",
  ZMreviewer =   "C. B. Haselgrove",
}

@Article{Lowan:1960:PREa,
  author =       "Arnold N. Lowan",
  title =        "On the Propagation of Round-Off Errors in the
                 Numerical Integration of the Heat Equation",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "70",
  pages =        "139--146",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lowan:1960:PREb,
  author =       "Arnold N. Lowan",
  title =        "On the Propagation of Round-Off Errors in the
                 Numerical Treatment of the Wave Equation",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "71",
  pages =        "223--228",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Perlin:1960:HPC,
  author =       "I. E. Perlin and J. R. Garrett",
  title =        "High Precision Calculation of $\operatorname{Arcsin}
                 x$, $\operatorname{Arccos} x$, and
                 $\operatorname{Arctan} x$ (in {Technical Notes and
                 Short Papers})",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "71",
  pages =        "270--274",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Perry:1960:CBF,
  author =       "C. Perry",
  title =        "Conversion between floating point representations",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "352.68.00",
  MRnumber =     "22\#8714",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pope:1960:MPA,
  author =       "D. A. Pope and M. L. Stein",
  title =        "Multiple Precision Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "652--654",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InCollection{Reitwiesner:1960:BA,
  author =       "G. W. Reitwiesner",
  title =        "Binary arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Alt:1960:AC",
  pages =        "231--308",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:36:56 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sarafyan:1960:DCS,
  author =       "Diran Sarafyan",
  title =        "Divisionless computation of square roots through
                 continued squaring",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "319--321",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.00",
  MRnumber =     "22\#8639",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "$\sqrt(x)$; elementary functions",
  ZMreviewer =   "M. Lotkin",
}

@Article{Silver:1960:LER,
  author =       "Roland Silver",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: Rounding in Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "A9--A9",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:29 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Sklansky:1960:CSA,
  author =       "J. Sklansky",
  title =        "Conditional Sum Addition Logic",
  journal =      "Trans. IRE",
  volume =       "EC-9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "226--230",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:17:08 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Traub:1960:CNM,
  author =       "J. F. Traub",
  title =        "Comments on a recent paper [{``A New Method of
                 Computation of Square Roots Without Using
                 Division''}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "86--86",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:25 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm3.html#Traub60;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Sarafyan:1959:NMC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "Traub60",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Traub60",
}

@Article{Wadey:1960:FA,
  author =       "W. G. Wadey",
  title =        "Floating-Point Arithmetics",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "129--139",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  MRclass =      "65.00 (68.00)",
  MRnumber =     "22\#6090",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 14:44:46 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Three types of floating-point arithmetics with error
                 control are discussed and compared with conventional
                 floating-point arithmetic. General multiplication and
                 division shift criteria are derived (for any base) for
                 Metropolis-style arithmetics. The limitations and most
                 suitable range of application for each arithmetic are
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  reviewer =     "C. B. Haselgrove",
  xxmonth =      "none",
  xxnumber =     "none",
}

@Article{Wilkinson:1960:EAF,
  author =       "J. H. Wilkinson",
  title =        "Error Analysis of Floating-Point Computation",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "319--340",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "65.00",
  MRnumber =     "MR0116477 (22 \#7264)",
  MRreviewer =   "C. B. Haselgrove",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 17:18:08 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
}

@Article{Amble:1961:AFP,
  author =       "O. Amble and Jan V. Garwick",
  title =        "On the Accuracy of Floating Point Computers {[BIT {\bf
                 1}(2), 1961, pp. 87--88]}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "220--222",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01933434",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=3;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Garwick:1961:AFP,Garwick:1961:RAF}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=3&spage=220",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point accuracy; floating-point arithmetic",
  xxpages =      "220--221??",
}

@TechReport{Anonymous:1961:MCM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Modern Computing Methods",
  type =         "Notes on Applied Science",
  number =       "16",
  institution =  "National Physical Laboratory",
  address =      "Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:05:25 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Avizienis:1961:SDN,
  author =       "Algirdas Avi{\v{z}}ienis",
  title =        "Signed-Digit Number Representations for Fast Parallel
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "389--400",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219227",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:04 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219227",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Cheney:1961:DCB,
  author =       "Philip Warren Cheney",
  title =        "A Digital Correlator Based on the Residue Number
                 System",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--70",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219154",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:02 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219154",
  abstract =     "A system design for a digital correlator based on the
                 application of the residue number system for
                 computation is presented. Areas of investigation
                 include sampling, analog-to-residue conversion, logical
                 design of the arithmetic units, residue-to-analog
                 conversion, and modes of operation of the proposed
                 digital correlator. The advantages of speed of
                 computation and simplicity of logic due to the use of a
                 residue number system are shown to result in a
                 significantly faster and simpler system than if a
                 conventional number system were used. The resulting
                 digital correlator is designed for megacycle sampling
                 and computation with a 0.1 per cent system precision.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Clarkson:1961:DMI,
  author =       "W. K. Clarkson",
  title =        "A Divisionless Method of Integer Conversion",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "315--316",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 08:14:59 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Cox:1961:NMP,
  author =       "A. G. Cox and H. A. Luther",
  title =        "A Note on Multiple Precision Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "353",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:36:06 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Croy:1961:RTM,
  author =       "John E. Croy",
  title =        "Rapid Technique of Manual or Machine Binary-to-Decimal
                 Integer Conversion Using Decimal Radix Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "777--777",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219286",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:05 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219286",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Freiman:1961:SAC,
  author =       "C. V. Freiman",
  title =        "Statistical analysis of certain binary division
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-IRE-PROC,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "91--103",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 16 16:12:21 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check author name: I have found this paper cited both
                 as Freiman and as Frieman?? Hennessy and Patterson
                 \cite{Hennessy:2002:CAQ} have Freiman.",
}

@TechReport{Garner:1961:RNS,
  author =       "H. L. Garner and R. F. Arnold and B. C. Benson and C.
                 G. Brockus and R. J. Gonzalez and D. P. Rozenberg",
  title =        "Residue number systems for computers",
  type =         "{ASD} Technical Report",
  number =       "61-483",
  institution =  "Electronic Technology Laboratory, The University of
                 Michigan",
  address =      "Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 09:27:06 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/5023/4/bac2784.0001.001.txt",
  abstract =     "The purpose of the research performed under this
                 contract was to investigate the feasibility of residue
                 number systems in their applications to digital
                 computers. The problems of such an application are the
                 ones of magnitude determination, sign determination,
                 overflow, scaling, and division. These problems are not
                 independent, but are found to be quite interrelated. A
                 theoretical treatment of residue number systems is
                 given which lays the foundation for a unified study of
                 the complete problem. Treatments of an organizational
                 nature are given which deal with multiplication,
                 division, and scaling. The matter of correlating the
                 theoretical and organizational studies to physical
                 realizations involving networks is treated also. The
                 question of whether the residue number system can be
                 successfully applied to general purpose computers is
                 still an open one. Their application to special purpose
                 machines is considered both feasible and practical.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This report represents the results of research
                 performed by the group at The University of Michigan
                 under the direction of Professor H. L. Garner.
                 Concurrently, research on the same subject was being
                 conducted at Harvard University under the direction of
                 Professor Howard Aiken, and at the Lockheed Missile
                 System Division under the direction of Dr. Richard
                 Tanaka. There was a considerable exchange of
                 information among the above groups during the course of
                 the research effort. The efforts attained exhibit
                 little overlap, rather they are complementary. A
                 portion of this report was extracted from the doctoral
                 dissertation of D. P. Rozenberg. His work was supported
                 by this contract, and led to the Ph.D..",
}

@Article{Garwick:1961:AFP,
  author =       "Jan V. Garwick",
  title =        "The Accuracy of Floating Point Computers",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "87--88",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01939221",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=2;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See also comment and reply
                 \cite{Amble:1961:AFP,Garwick:1961:RAF}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=2&spage=87",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point accuracy; floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Garwick:1961:RAF,
  author =       "J. V. Garwick",
  title =        "Reply to {``On the Accuracy of Floating Point
                 Computers'' [BIT {\bf 1}(3), 1961, pp. 220--221]}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "222--222",
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 16 14:36:22 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Garwick:1961:AFP,Amble:1961:AFP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point accuracy; floating-point arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Henderson:1961:RCE,
  author =       "D. S. Henderson",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 1961 16th ACM national meeting}",
  title =        "Residue class error checking codes",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "132.101--132.104",
  year =         "1961",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/800029.808563",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 19:04:58 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Error checking codes based on residues have the
                 advantage over parity-based codes of monitoring
                 arithmetic as well as transmission operations. Codes
                 may be devised to detect burst-type errors, to correct
                 single errors in a binary arithmetic operation, to
                 correct burst errors and finally to correct any
                 single-digit error in a decimal operation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal arithmetic",
}

@Article{Kettel:1961:AAM,
  author =       "E. Kettel and W. Schneider",
  title =        "An Accurate Analog Multiplier and Divider",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "269--272",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219198",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219198",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Knuth:1961:EIN,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "Errata: {``An imaginary number system''}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "355--355",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 09 07:10:22 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Knuth:1960:INS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kovatch:1961:HEA,
  author =       "G. Kovatch and W. E. Meserve",
  title =        "The {Hall-Effect} Analog Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "512--515",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219240",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:04 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219240",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Lehman:1961:STH,
  author =       "M. Lehman and N. Burla",
  title =        "Skip Techniques for High-Speed Carry-Propagation in
                 Binary Arithmetic Units",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "691--698",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219274",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:04 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219274",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{MacSorley:1961:HSA,
  author =       "O. L. MacSorley",
  title =        "High-speed arithmetic in binary computers",
  journal =      j-IRE-PROC,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "67--91",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:34:55 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Swartzlander:1976:CDD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Nadler:1961:DSR,
  author =       "Morton Nadler",
  title =        "Division and square root in the quater-imaginary
                 number system",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "192--193",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.99",
  MRnumber =     "23\#B555",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:32 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Knuth:1960:INS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "$\sqrt(x)$; elementary functions",
  ZMreviewer =   "C. B. Haselgrove",
}

@Article{Pinkham:1961:DFS,
  author =       "Roger S. Pinkham",
  title =        "On the Distribution of First Significant Digits",
  journal =      j-ANN-MATH-STAT,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1223--1230",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "AASTAD",
  ISSN =         "0003-4851",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 15 15:07:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-4851%28196112%2932%3A4%3C1223%3AOTDOFS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T",
  abstract =     "It has been noticed by astute observers that well used
                 tables of logarithms are invariably dirtier at the
                 front than at the back. Upon reflection one is led to
                 inquire whether there are more physical constants with
                 low order first significant digits than high. Actual
                 counts by Benford [2] show that not only is this the
                 case but that it seems to be an empirical truth that
                 whenever one has a large body of physical data,
                 Farmer's Almanac, Census Reports, Chemical Rubber
                 Handbook, etc., the proportion of these data with first
                 significant digit $n$ or less is approximately
                 $\log_{10}(n + 1)$. Any reader formerly unaware of this
                 ``peculiarity'' will find an actual sampling experiment
                 wondrously tantalizing. Thus, for example,
                 approximately $0.7$ of the physical constants in the
                 Chemical Rubber Handbook begin with $4$ or less
                 ($\log_{10}(4 + 1) = 0.699$). This is to be contrasted
                 with the widespread intuitive evaluation $4/9$ths.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
  remark =       "From p. 1223: ``\ldots{} the proportion of these data
                 with first significant digit $n$ or less is
                 approximately $\log_{10}(n + 1)$.''\par

                 \ldots{} ``The only distribution for first significant
                 digits which is invariant under scale change of the
                 underlying distribution is $\log_{10}(n + 1)$. Contrary
                 to suspicion this is a non-trivial mathematical result,
                 for the variable $n$ is discrete.''.\par

                 From p. 1230: ``The foregoing results bear on questions
                 of round-off in computing machines. Since $d(uv) = u dv
                 + v du$, the error resulting from multiplying two
                 rounded numbers will be governed primarily by the first
                 significant digits of the two numbers being multiplied.
                 Now the distribution of first significant digits,
                 favoring as it does low order digits, tends to produce
                 less error than would be the case if first significant
                 digits were uniform as has sometimes been
                 assumed.''\par

                 Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Rabinowitz:1961:MPD,
  author =       "P. Rabinowitz",
  title =        "Multiple-Precision Division",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "98--98",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 00:29:25 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Saltman:1961:RCT,
  author =       "Roy G. Saltman",
  title =        "Reducing Computing Time for Synchronous Binary
                 Division",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "169--174",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219186",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219186",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Spielberg:1961:ECF,
  author =       "Kurt Spielberg",
  title =        "Efficient Continued Fraction Approximations To
                 Elementary Functions",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "76",
  pages =        "409--417",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Spielberg:1961:RPS,
  author =       "K. Spielberg",
  title =        "Representation of Power Series in Terms of
                 Polynomials, Rational Approximations and Continued
                 Fractions",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "613--627",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 09 14:01:44 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Taub:1961:JNC,
  editor =       "A. H. Taub",
  title =        "{John von Neumann}: Collected Works",
  publisher =    pub-PERGAMON,
  address =      pub-PERGAMON:adr,
  pages =        "??? (vol. 1), 568 (vol. 2), 574 (vol. 3), 516 (vol.
                 4), ??? (vol. 5), ??? (vol. 6)",
  year =         "1961--1963",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 01 16:58:29 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Six volumes. Volume I: Logic, Theory of Sets and
                 Quantum Mechanics (1961); Volume II: Operators, Ergodic
                 Theory and Almost Periodic Functions in a Group (1961);
                 Volume III: Rings of Operators (1961); Volume IV:
                 Continuous Geometry and Other Topics (1962); Volume V:
                 Design of Computers, Theory of Automata and Numerical
                 Analysis (1963); Volume VI: Theory of Games,
                 Astrophysics, Hydrodynamics and Meteorology (1963).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Thacher:1961:ISR,
  author =       "Henry C. {Thacher, Jr.}",
  title =        "Iterated Square Root Expansions for the Inverse Cosine
                 and Inverse Hyperbolic Cosine",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "76",
  pages =        "399--403",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Weik:1961:TSD,
  author =       "Martin H. Weik",
  title =        "A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital
                 Computing Systems",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "1115",
  institution =  "Ballistic Research Laboratories",
  address =      "Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA",
  pages =        "1131",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 19:37:51 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Based on the results of a third survey, the
                 engineering and programming characteristics of two
                 hundred twenty-two different electronic digital
                 computing systems are given. The data are presented
                 from the point of view of application, numerical and
                 arithmetic characteristics, input, output and storage
                 systems, construction and checking features, power,
                 space, weight, and site preparation and personnel
                 requirements, production records, cost and rental
                 rates, sale and lease policy, reliability, operating
                 experience, and time availability, engineering
                 modifications and improvements and other related
                 topics. An analysis of the survey data, fifteen
                 comparative tables, a discussion of trends, a revised
                 bibliography, and a complete glossary of computer
                 engineering and programming terminology are included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilson:1961:ARB,
  author =       "J. B. Wilson and R. S. Ledley",
  title =        "An Algorithm for Rapid Binary Division",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "662--670",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1961.5219271",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 14:45:04 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219271",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Ashenhurst:1962:MIA,
  author =       "R. L. Ashenhurst",
  title =        "The {Maniac III} Arithmetic System",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1962:APS",
  pages =        "192--202",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 17:14:21 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Buchholz:1962:PCS,
  editor =       "Werner Buchholz",
  title =        "Planning a computer system: {Project Stretch}",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 322",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "1876",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 19 10:02:31 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/tukey-john-w.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  note =         "This important book is the primary description of the
                 influential IBM 7030 Stretch computer, written by its
                 architects.",
  URL =          "http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/IBM-7030-Planning-McJones.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The text of the book is in the public domain, with the
                 permission of the author in 2003.

                 See \cite{MacKenzie:1991:IAL} for a remark about the
                 noisy mode for floating-point arithmetic in the IBM
                 7030 Stretch. That mode is first mentioned on page 25
                 of this book, and described in detail on page 102,
                 which states:

                 ``By definition of ordinary normalized FLP operations,
                 numbers are frequently extended on the right by
                 attaching zeros. During addition the n-digit operand
                 that is not preshifted is extended with n zeros, so as
                 to provide the extra positions to which the preshifted
                 operand can be added. Any operand or result that is
                 shifted left to be normalized requires a corresponding
                 number of zeros to be shifted in at the right. Both
                 sets of zeros tend to produce numbers smaller in
                 absolute value than they would have been if more digits
                 had been carried. In the noisy mode these numbers are
                 simply extended with 1 s instead of zeros (1 s in a
                 binary machine, 9s in a decimal machine). Sow all
                 numbers tend to be too large in absolute value. The
                 true value, if there had been no significance loss,
                 should lie between these two extremes. Hence, two runs,
                 one made without and one made with the noisy mode,
                 should show differences in result that indicate which
                 digits may have been affected by significance loss.

                 The principal weakness of the noisy-mode procedure is
                 that it requires two runs for the same problem. A much
                 less important weakness is that the loss of
                 significance cannot be guaranteed to show up-it merely
                 has a very high probability of showing up-whereas
                 built-in significance checks can be made slightly
                 pessimistic, so that actual significance loss will not
                 be greater than indicated. On the other hand, little
                 extra hardware and no extra storage are required for
                 the noisy-mode approach. Furthermore, significance loss
                 is relatively rare, so that running a problem twice
                 when Significance loss is suspected does not pose a
                 serious problem. What is serious is the possibility of
                 unsuspected significance loss.

                 In discussions of significance two points are often
                 overlooked. The first of these is trivial: the best way
                 of ensuring significant results is to use an adequate
                 number of fraction digits. The second is almost equally
                 mundane: for a given procedure, normalized FLP
                 arithmetic will ordinarily produce the greatest
                 precision possible for the number of fraction digits
                 used. Normalized FLP arithmetic has been criticized
                 with respect to significance loss, because such loss is
                 not indicated by the creation of leading zeros, as it
                 is with fixed-point arithmetic. In other words, the
                 contention is not that normalized FLP arithmetic is
                 more prone to significance loss than equivalent
                 fixed-point arithmetic, which would be untrue, but that
                 an equivalent indication of such loss is not provided.
                 Loss of significance, however, is also a serious
                 problem in fixed-point arithmetic; multiplication and
                 division do not handle it at all correctly by means of
                 leading zeros. (In particular, fixed-point
                 multiplication may lead to serious or even total
                 significance loss, which would not have occurred with
                 normalized FLP arithmetic: and although leading zeros
                 in addition and subtraction of fixed-point operands do
                 give correct significance indications, the use of other
                 operations and of built-in waling loops frequently
                 destroys entirely the leading-zeros method of counting
                 significance.)''",
  subject =      "Computer architecture",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword v \\
                 Preface vii \\
                 1. Project Stretch 1 \\
                 [by W. Buchholz] \\
                 2. Architectural Philosophy 5 \\
                 [by F. P. Brooks, Jr.] \\
                 2.1. The Two Objectives of Project Stretch 5 \\
                 2.2. Resources 6 \\
                 2.3. Guiding Principles 7 \\
                 2.4. Contemporary Trends in Computer Architecture 10
                 \\
                 2.5. Hindsight 15 \\
                 3. System Summary of IBM 7030 17 \\
                 [by W. Buchholz] \\
                 3.1. System Organization 17 \\
                 3.2. Memory Units 17 \\
                 3.3. Index Memory 19 \\
                 3.4. Special Registers 19 \\
                 3.5. Input and Output Facilities 19 \\
                 3.6. High-speed Disk Units 20 \\
                 3.7. Central Processing Unit 20 \\
                 3.8. Instruction Controls 21 \\
                 3.9. Index-arithmetic Unit 21 \\
                 3.10. Instruction Look-ahead 21 \\
                 3.11. Arithmetic Unit 22 \\
                 3.12. Instruction Set 24 \\
                 3.13. Data Arithmetic 24 \\
                 3.14. Radix-conversion Operations 27 \\
                 3.15. Connective Operations 27 \\
                 3.16. Index-arithmetic Operations 27 \\
                 3.17. Branching Operations 28 \\
                 3.18. Transmission Operations 28 \\
                 3.19. Input-Output Operations 29 \\
                 3.20. New Features 29 \\
                 3.21. Performance 32 \\
                 4. Natural Data Units 33 \\
                 [by G. P. Blaauw, F. P. Brooks, Jr., and W. Buchholz]
                 \\
                 4.1. Lengths and Structures of Natural Data Units 33
                 \\
                 4.2. Procedures for Specifying Natural Data Units 36
                 \\
                 4.3. Data Hierarchies 39 \\
                 4.4. Classes of Operations 40 \\
                 5. Choosing a Number Base 42 \\
                 [by W. Buchholz] \\
                 5.1. Introduction 42 \\
                 5.2. Information Content 45 \\
                 5.3. Arithmetic Speed 49 \\
                 5.4. Numerical Data 50 \\
                 5.5. Nonnumerical Data 51 \\
                 5.6. Addresses 52 \\
                 5.7. Transformation 53 \\
                 5.8. Partitioning of Memory 54 \\
                 5.9. Program Interpretation 56 \\
                 5.10. Other Number Bases 58 \\
                 5.11. Conclusion 58 \\
                 6. Character Set 60 \\
                 [by R. W. Bemer and W. Buchholz] \\
                 6.1. Introduction 60 \\
                 6.2. Size of Set 62 \\
                 6.3. Subsets 62 \\
                 6.4. Expansion of Set 63 \\
                 6.5. Code 63 \\
                 6.6. Parity Bit 66 \\
                 6.7. Sequence 66 \\
                 6.8. Blank 67 \\
                 6.9. Decimal Digits 68 \\
                 6.10. Typewriter Keyboard 68 \\
                 6.11. Adjacency 69 \\
                 6.12. Uniqueness 69 \\
                 6.13. Signs 70 \\
                 6.14. Tape-recording Convention 71 \\
                 6.15. Card-punching Convention 71 \\
                 6.16. List of 7030 Character Set 72 \\
                 7. Variable-field-length Operation 75 \\
                 [by G. P. Blaauw, F. P. Brooks, Jr., and W. Buchholz]
                 \\
                 7.1. Introduction 75 \\
                 7.2. Addressing of Variable-field-length Data 76 \\
                 7.3. Field Length 77 \\
                 7.4. Byte Size 78 \\
                 7.5. Universal Accumulator 79 \\
                 7.6. Accumulator Operand 79 \\
                 7.7. Binary and Decimal Arithmetic 80 \\
                 7.8. Integer Arithmetic 81 \\
                 7.9. Numerical Signs 82 \\
                 7.10. Indicators 84 \\
                 7.11. Arithmetical Operations 85 \\
                 7.12. Radix-conversion Operation 87 \\
                 7.13. Logical Connectives of Two Variables 87 \\
                 7.14. Connective Operations 89 \\
                 8. Floating-point Operation 92 \\
                 [by S. G. Campbell] \\
                 General Discussion \\
                 8.1. Problems of Fixed-point Arithmetic 92 \\
                 8.2. Floating-point Arithmetic 94 \\
                 8.3. Normalization 97 \\
                 8.4. Floating-point Singularities 98 \\
                 8.5. Range and Precision 99 \\
                 8.6. Round-off Error 100 \\
                 8.7. Significance Checks 101 \\
                 8.8. Forms of Floating-point Arithmetic 103 \\
                 8.9. Structure of Floating-point Data 104 \\
                 Floating-point Features of the 7030 \\
                 8.10. Floating-point Instruction Format 106 \\
                 8.11. Floating-point Data Formats 106 \\
                 8.12. Singular Floating-point Numbers 108 \\
                 8.13. Indicators 112 \\
                 8.14. Universal Accumulator 113 \\
                 8.15. Fraction Arithmetic 114 \\
                 8.16. Floating-point-arithmetic Operations 114 \\
                 8.17. Fixed-point Arithmetic Using Unnormalized \\
                 Floating-point Operations 118 \\
                 8.18. Special Functions and Forms of Arithmetic 119 \\
                 8.19. Multiple-precision Arithmetic 119 \\
                 8.20. General Remarks 121 \\
                 9. Instruction Formats 122 \\
                 [by W. Buchholz] \\
                 9.1. Introduction 122 \\
                 9.2. Earlier Instruction Languages 122 \\
                 9.3. Evolution of the Single-address Instruction 124
                 \\
                 9.4. Implied Addresses 125 \\
                 9.5. Basic 7030 Instruction Formats 126 \\
                 9.6. Instruction Efficiency 127 \\
                 9.7. The Simplicity of Complexity 131 \\
                 9.8. Relationship to Automatic Programming Languages
                 132 \\
                 10. Instruction Sequencing 133 \\
                 [by F. P. Brooks, Jr.] \\
                 10.1. Modes of Instruction Sequencing 133 \\
                 10.2. Instruction Counter 134 \\
                 10.3. Unconditional Branching 135 \\
                 10.4. Conditional Branching 136 \\
                 10.5. Program-interrupt System 136 \\
                 10.6. Components of the Program-interrupt System 137
                 \\
                 10.7. Examples of Program-interrupt Techniques 140 \\
                 10.8. Execute Instructions 146 \\
                 10.9. Execute Operations in the 7030 148 \\
                 11. Indexing 150 \\
                 [by G. P. Blaauw] \\
                 11.1. Introduction 150 \\
                 11.2. Indexing Functions 151 \\
                 11.3. Instruction Format for Indexing 155 \\
                 11.4. Incrementing 157 \\
                 11.5. Counting 159 \\
                 11.6. Advancing by One 161 \\
                 11.7. Progressive Indexing 161 \\
                 11.8. Data Transmission 162 \\
                 11.9. Data Ordering 163 \\
                 11.10. Refilling 165 \\
                 11.11. Indirect Addressing and Indirect Indexing 167
                 \\
                 11.12. Indexing Applications 169 \\
                 11.13. Record-handling Applications 172 \\
                 11.14. File Maintenance 175 \\
                 11.15. Subroutine Control 177 \\
                 11.16. Conclusion 178 \\
                 12. Input-Output Control 179 \\
                 [by W. Buchholz] \\
                 12.1. A Generalized Approach to Connecting \\
                 Input-Output and External Storage 179 \\
                 12.2. Input-Output Instructions 180 \\
                 12.3. Defining the Memory Area 181 \\
                 12.4. Writing and Reading 182 \\
                 12.5. Controlling and Locating 183 \\
                 12.6. An Alternative Approach 184 \\
                 12.7. Program Interruptions 184 \\
                 12.8. Buffering 180 \\
                 12.9. Interface 188 \\
                 12.10. Operator Control of Input-Output Units 190 \\
                 13. Multiprogramming 192 \\
                 [by E. F. Codd, E. S. Lowry, E. McDonough, and C. A.
                 Scalzi] \\
                 13.1. Introduction 192 \\
                 13.2. Multiprogramming Requirements 193 \\
                 13.3. 7030 Features that Assist Multiprogramming 195
                 \\
                 13.4. Programmed Logic 197 \\
                 13.5. Concluding Remarks 200 \\
                 13.6. References 201 \\
                 14. The Central Processing Unit 202 \\
                 [by E. Bloch] \\
                 14.1. Concurrent System Operation 202 \\
                 14.2. Concurrency within the Central Processing Unit
                 204 \\
                 14.3. Data Flow 204 \\
                 14.4. Arithmetic Unit 208 \\
                 14.5. Checking 216 \\
                 14.6. Component Count 216 \\
                 14.7. Performance 217 \\
                 14.8. Circuits 218 \\
                 14.9. Packaging 223 \\
                 15. The Look-ahead Unit 228 \\
                 [by R. S. Balance, J. Cocke, and H. G. Kolsky] \\
                 15.1. General Description 228 \\
                 15.2. Timing-simulation Program 230 \\
                 15.3. Description of the Look-ahead Unit 238 \\
                 15.4. Forwarding 240 \\
                 15.5. Counter Sequences 241 \\
                 15.6. Recovery after Interrupt 246 \\
                 15.7. A Look-back at the Look-ahead 247 \\
                 16. The Exchange 248 \\
                 [by W. Buchholz] \\
                 16.1. General Description 248 \\
                 16.2. Starting a WRITE or READ Operation 250 \\
                 16.3. Data Transfer during Writing 250 \\
                 16.4. Data Transfer during Reading 251 \\
                 16.5. Terminating a WRITE or READ Operation 252 \\
                 16.6. Multiple Operations 252 \\
                 16.7. CONTROL and LOCATE Operations 252 \\
                 16.8. Interrogating the Control Word 253 \\
                 16.9. Forced Termination 253 \\
                 17. A Nonarithmetical System Extension 254 \\
                 [by S. G. Campbell, P.S. Herwitz, and J. H. Pomerene]
                 \\
                 17.1. Nonarithmetical Processing 254 \\
                 17.2. The Set-up Mode 258 \\
                 17.3. Byte-sequence Formation 259 \\
                 17.4. Pattern Selection 260 \\
                 17.5. Transformation Facilities 261 \\
                 17.6. Statistical Aids 263 \\
                 17.7. The BYTE-BY-BYTE Instruction 263 \\
                 17.8. Monitoring for Special Conditions 264 \\
                 17.9. Instruction Set 265 \\
                 17.10. Collating Operations 266 \\
                 17.11. Table Look-up Operations 267 \\
                 17.12. Example 267 \\
                 Appendix A. Summary Data 273 \\
                 A.1. List of the Larger IBM Stored-program Computers
                 273 \\
                 A.2. Instruction Formats 275 \\
                 A.3. List of Registers and Special Addresses 276 \\
                 A.4. Summary of Operations and Modifiers 277 \\
                 A.5. Summary of Indicators 287 \\
                 Appendix B. Programming Examples 292 \\
                 Notation 292 \\
                 B.1. Polynomial Evaluation 295 \\
                 B.2. Cube-root Extraction 296 \\
                 B.3. Matrix Multiplication 298 \\
                 B.4. Conversion of Decimal Numbers to a \\
                 Floating-point Normalized Vector 299 \\
                 B.5. Editing a Typed Message 301 \\
                 B.6. Transposition of a Large Bit Matrix 303 \\
                 Index 305",
}

@InCollection{Campbell:1962:FPO,
  author =       "S. G. Campbell",
  editor =       "Werner Buchholz",
  booktitle =    "Planning a Computer System: {Project Stretch}",
  title =        "Floating-Point Operation",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "92--121",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.I2 I5",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 17:24:27 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bookpages =    "322",
  subject =      "IBM 7030 (Computer); IBM Stretch",
}

@Article{Cantor:1962:LEF,
  author =       "D. Cantor and G. Estrin and R. Turn",
  title =        "Logarithmic and Exponential Function Evaluation in a
                 Variable Structure Digital Computer",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "155--164",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1962.5219348",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 09:11:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219348",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # "\slash " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@TechReport{Descloux:1962:REF,
  author =       "J. Descloux",
  title =        "Remarks on errors in first order iterative processes
                 with floating-point computers",
  institution =  "University of Illinois Graduate College, Digital
                 Computer Laboratory",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  pages =        "7",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Report / University of Illinois, Digital Computer
                 Laboratory; no. 113 Report (University of Illinois
                 (Urbana-Champaign campus). Digital Computer
                 Laboratory); no. 113.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers.; Numerical
                 calculations.",
  remark =       "Supported by: National Science Foundation under grant
                 G16489. ``March 22, 1962.''",
}

@Article{Fischler:1962:TRA,
  author =       "M. A. Fischler and E. A. Poe",
  title =        "Threshold Realization of Arithmetic Circuits",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "287--288",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1962.5219366",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 09:11:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219366",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Grau:1962:FNR,
  author =       "A. A. Grau",
  title =        "On a floating-point number representation for use with
                 algorithmic languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "160--161",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "26\#4506",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Algorithmic languages, such as ALGOL, make provision
                 for two types of numbers, real and integer, which are
                 usually implemented on the computer by means of
                 floating-point and fixed-point numbers respectively.
                 The concepts real and integer, however, are taken from
                 mathematics, where the set of integers forms a proper
                 subset of the set of real numbers. In implementation a
                 real problem is posed by the fact that the set of
                 fixed-point numbers is not a proper subset of the set
                 of floating-point numbers; this problem becomes very
                 apparent in attempts to implement ALGOL 60.
                 Furthermore, the {\em one\/} mathematical operation of
                 addition is implemented in the machine by one of {\em
                 two\/} machine operations, fixed-point addition or
                 floating-point addition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "R. L. Ashenhurst",
}

@Article{Guffin:1962:CSL,
  author =       "Ronald M. Guffin",
  title =        "A Computer for Solving Linear Simultaneous Equations
                 Using the Residue Number System",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "164--173",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1962.5219349",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 09:11:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219349",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Book{Hamming:1962:NMS,
  author =       "R. W. (Richard Wesley) Hamming",
  title =        "Numerical methods for scientists and engineers",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "411",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .H28",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:12:08 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "International series in pure and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis; Electronic digital computers",
}

@Article{Jones:1962:FPF,
  author =       "F. B. Jones and A. W. Wymore",
  title =        "Floating Point Feature on the {IBM Type 1620}",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "05-62",
  pages =        "43--46",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:26:02 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "The IBM 1620 normalized variable-precision arithmetic
                 provides up to 100 decimal digits with an exponent
                 range of $\pm99$.",
}

@Article{Karatsuba:1962:MMN,
  author =       "A. Karatsuba and Y. Ofman",
  title =        "Multiplication of multidigit numbers on automata",
  journal =      j-DOKL-AKAD-NAUK,
  volume =       "145",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "293--294",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "DANKAS",
  ISSN =         "0002-3264",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 05 10:35:11 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Keir:1962:DOD,
  author =       "Y. A. Keir and P. W. Cheney and M. Tannenbaum",
  title =        "Division and overflow detection in residue number
                 systems",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "501--507",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1962.5219389",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "MR0150990 (27 \#976)",
  MRreviewer =   "N. H. Choksy",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 09:11:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219389",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Knuth:1962:EPC,
  author =       "D. E. Knuth",
  title =        "Evaluation of Polynomials By Computer",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "595--599",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Lake:1962:LEH,
  author =       "G. T. Lake",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor: Hardware Conversion of Decimal
                 and Binary Numbers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "468--469",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 18:16:30 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Lynch:1962:WBD,
  author =       "W. C. Lynch",
  title =        "On a Wired-In Binary-to-Decimal Conversion Scheme",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "159--159",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 18:21:41 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{MacSorley:1962:RBA,
  author =       "O. L. MacSorley",
  title =        "Review: \booktitle{An Algorithm for Rapid Binary
                 Division}, by {J. B. Wilson and R. S. Ledley}",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "420--420",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 20:52:08 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Meggitt:1962:PDP,
  author =       "J. E. Meggitt",
  title =        "Pseudo Division and Pseudo Multiplication Processes",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "210--226",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:31 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Metze:1962:CBD,
  author =       "Gernot Metze",
  title =        "A Class of Binary Divisions Yielding Minimally
                 Represented Quotients",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "761--764",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1962.5219460",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 09:11:53 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219460",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Mitchell:1962:CMD,
  author =       "John N. Mitchell",
  title =        "Computer Multiplication and Division Using Binary
                 Logarithms",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "512--517",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1962.5219391",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 09:11:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219391",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Rozier:1962:DBC,
  author =       "Charles P. Rozier",
  title =        "Decimal-to-Binary Conversion Using Octal Radix
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "708--709",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "IRELAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.1962.5219436",
  ISSN =         "0367-9950",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 09:11:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5219436",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Shanks:1962:CD,
  author =       "Daniel Shanks and John W. {Wrench, Jr.}",
  title =        "Calculation of $\pi$ to 100,000 Decimals",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "77",
  pages =        "76--99",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smith:1962:ACDa,
  author =       "Robert L. Smith",
  title =        "{Algorithm 116}: {Complex} Division",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "435--435",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:40 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Spielberg:1962:PCF,
  author =       "Kurt Spielberg",
  title =        "Polynomial and Continued-Fraction Approximations for
                 Logarithmic Functions",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "78",
  pages =        "205--217",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wynn:1962:AAP,
  author =       "P. Wynn",
  title =        "An Arsenal of {ALGOL} Procedures for Complex
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "232--255",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01940171",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=4;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=4&spage=232",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@InCollection{Zuse:1962:ERE,
  author =       "K. Zuse",
  editor =       "W. Hoffman",
  booktitle =    "{Digitale Informationswandler}",
  title =        "{Entwicklungslinien einer Rechenger{\"a}te-Entwicklung
                 von der Mechanik zur Elektronik}. ({German}) [Lines of
                 development of computing equipment development from
                 mechanics to electronics]",
  publisher =    "Vieweg \& Sohn, GmbH",
  address =      "Braunschweig, West Germany",
  pages =        "508--532",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:23:04 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 4.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}.
                 Translated by Mr. and Mrs. P. Jones.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Bemer:1963:NRT,
  author =       "R. W. Bemer",
  title =        "A Note on Range Transformations for Square Root and
                 Logarithm",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "306--307",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:47 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "$\log(x)$; $\sqrt(x)$; elementary functions",
}

@Article{Clenshaw:1963:ASF,
  author =       "C. W. Clenshaw and G. F. Miller and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Algorithms for Special Functions {I}",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "403--419",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:21:31 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
  xxnumber =     "(none)",
}

@Article{Daly:1963:HSA,
  author =       "W. G. Daly and J. F. Kruy",
  title =        "A High-Speed Arithmetic Unit Using Tunnel Diodes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "503--511",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1963.263644",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 08:10:42 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4037964",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Descloux:1963:NRE,
  author =       "J. Descloux",
  title =        "Note on the Round-Off Errors in Iterative Processes",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "81",
  pages =        "18--27",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eisman:1963:PER,
  author =       "S. H. Eisman",
  title =        "Polynomial Evaluation Revisited",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "384--385",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Eve:1963:SAI,
  author =       "J. Eve",
  title =        "Starting approximation for the iterative calculation
                 of square roots",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "274--276",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:37:30 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
  xxnumber =     "(none)",
}

@Book{Flores:1963:LCA,
  author =       "I. Flores",
  title =        "The Logic of Computer Arithmetic",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 493",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .F46",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:12:51 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Geier:1963:ACD,
  author =       "A. Geier and I. Sturz",
  title =        "The approximate calculation of a definite integral
                 with automatic choice of integration steps (intervals).
                 The program for the computer ${\rm MECIPTI}$ in a
                 floating point regime. (Romanian)",
  journal =      "An. Univ. Timi{\c{s}}oara Ser. {\c{S}}ti. Mat.-Fiz.",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "133--139",
  year =         "1963",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "30\#3588",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:52:47 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "R. N. Goss",
}

@Article{Goldstein:1963:SAD,
  author =       "Max Goldstein",
  title =        "Significance arithmetic on a digital computer",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "111--117",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/366274.366339",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:45 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The 7090 at NYU has been modified to include a
                 ``Significance Mode'' of operation which is intended to
                 facilitate the identification of significant bits in
                 the results of floating-point arithmetic operations.
                 The manner in which floating-point arithmetic is
                 handled in this mode is discussed. Several numerical
                 experiments using this mode are described and
                 comparisons are made with the ordinary ``normalized
                 mode.'' Examples include power series evaluation,
                 linear equations solution, determinant evaluation and
                 matrix inversion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1963:CMD,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "On Computer Multiplication and Division Using Binary
                 Logarithms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "319--320",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1963.263572",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 08:10:39 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4037874",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Lehman:1963:MAB,
  author =       "M. Lehman",
  title =        "The Minimization of Assimilations in Binary
                 Carry-Storage Arithmetic Units",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "409--410",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1963.263479",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 08:10:40 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4037921",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Lehmer:1963:RDO,
  author =       "D. H. Lehmer",
  title =        "{R63--17} Division and Overflow Detection in Residue
                 Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--37",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1963.263493",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 08:10:36 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4037786;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4037753;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4037754",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
}

@Article{Lindamood:1963:MCO,
  author =       "George E. Lindamood and George Shapiro",
  title =        "Magnitude comparison and overflow detection in modular
                 arithmetic computers",
  journal =      j-SIAM-REVIEW,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "342--350",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "SIREAD",
  ISSN =         "0036-1445 (print), 1095-7200 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1445",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 29 18:26:14 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Metropolis:1963:BOU,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and R. L. Ashenhurst",
  title =        "Basic Operations in an Unnormalized Arithmetic
                 System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "896--904",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1963.263593;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1963.263592",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 08:10:44 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038037",
  abstract =     "A particular set of unnormalized arithmetic operations
                 termed ``basic'' are described, in the context of the
                 University of Chicago Maniac III Computer. Each basic
                 operation involves three operand words and generates
                 two result words, all in unnormalized floating point
                 format. The use of these operations in the
                 implementation of multi-precision arithmetic is
                 explained; in particular, it is demonstrated that
                 multiprecision division can be effected in a
                 nontentative manner with their aid.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  ZMnumber =     "0124.07910",
}

@Book{Mood:1963:ITS,
  author =       "Alexander McFarlane Mood and Franklin A. Graybill",
  title =        "Introduction to the theory of statistics",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "443",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "HA29 .M75 1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:02:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "McGraw-Hill series in probability and statistics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "Mathematical statistics",
}

@Article{Stern:1963:CSR,
  author =       "T. E. Stern and R. M. Lerner",
  title =        "A circuit for the square root of the sum of the
                 squares",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "593--596",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 15:28:13 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "A piecewise-linear network can produce an output
                 proportional to the square root of the sum of the
                 squares of a set of input voltages, using resistors and
                 diodes alone. The required relationship between
                 voltages can be represented by a multi- \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Stroud:1963:MPF,
  author =       "A. H. Stroud and D. Secrest",
  title =        "A multiple-precision floating-point interpretive
                 program for the {Control Data} 1604",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--66",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:55:45 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/060062.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/62.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/63.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/64.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/65.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/66.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
}

@Article{Svoboda:1963:AD,
  author =       "A. Svoboda",
  title =        "An algorithm for division",
  journal =      j-INF-PROCESS-MACH,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "25--33",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "IPRMDD",
  ISSN =         "0373-885X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Wilkinson:1963:PSA,
  author =       "J. H. Wilkinson",
  title =        "Plane rotations in floating-point arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Metropolis:1963:PFS",
  pages =        "185--198",
  year =         "1963",
  MRclass =      "65.35",
  MRnumber =     "28\#1744",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "A. S. Householder",
}

@Book{Wilkinson:1963:REA,
  author =       "James H. Wilkinson",
  title =        "Rounding Errors in Algebraic Processes",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 161",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .W53 1964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 13:29:45 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Aiken:1964:PAC,
  author =       "H. H. Aiken",
  title =        "Proposed automatic calculating machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "62--69",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:16:56 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "Previously unpublished memorandum. Reprinted in
                 \cite[\S 5.1]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This article does not appear in the IEEE Xplore
                 database, and that source lists only volume 1, number
                 1, for 1964. I found multiple references to this paper
                 as the August 1964 issue, so perhaps IEEE Xplore is
                 missing early journal issues??",
}

@Manual{Anonymous:1964:PPF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{PINT}: {Purdue} floating point interpretive system:
                 for the {RPC 4000 General Precision} electronic
                 computer",
  organization = "General Precision, Inc.",
  address =      "West Lafayette, IN, USA",
  pages =        "45",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 06 10:24:31 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.; Purdue
                 University School of Electrical Engineering; RPC 4000
                 (Computer)",
  remark =       "Program no. H1-02.0",
}

@Article{Ashenhurst:1964:FEU,
  author =       "R. L. Ashenhurst",
  title =        "Function Evaluation in Unnormalized Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "168--187",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 03 22:33:52 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Baer:1964:MPA,
  author =       "Robert M. Baer and Martin G. Redlich",
  title =        "Multiple-precision arithmetic and the exact
                 calculation of the $3-j$, $6-j$ and $9-j$ symbols",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "657--659",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.25",
  MRnumber =     "31\#865",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 24 09:33:02 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Described in this paper is a system of general-purpose
                 multiple-precision fixed-point routines and their use
                 in subroutines which calculate exactly the
                 quantum-mechanical 3-j, 6-j and 9-j symbols of large
                 arguments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Bookhart:1964:SFP,
  author =       "Thomas Woodward Bookhart",
  title =        "A study of floating point arithmetic",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S. in Math.})",
  school =       "Georgia Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA, USA",
  pages =        "51",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers.; Number theory.;
                 Numerical calculations --- Computer programs.",
}

@Article{Brooker:1964:PPS,
  author =       "R. A. Brooker",
  title =        "A programming package for some general modes of
                 arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "119--127",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 24 09:33:00 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "An interpretive programming package is described for
                 computation with operands which may be real, complex,
                 single or double precision, or real multiple precision.
                 It also performs operations on matrices formed from
                 these elements. A simple language structure is used to
                 describe the computation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Burroughs:1964:BBI,
  author =       "{Burroughs Corporation}",
  title =        "Burroughs {B5500} Information Processing Systems
                 Reference Manual",
  organization = "Burroughs Corporation",
  address =      "Detroit, MI, USA",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 22 21:15:11 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "The B5500 uses a decimal integer or fixed-point
                 coefficient of 21 or 22 digits, with an exponent range
                 of $\pm63$.",
}

@Article{Cody:1964:DPS,
  author =       "W. J. {Cody, Jr.}",
  title =        "Double-Precision Square Root for the {CDC-3600}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "715--718",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355588.365122",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:43 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "In January of 1960, the late Hans J. Maehly completed
                 a summary of approximations to the elementary functions
                 for the CDC-1604 computer. The approximations and
                 techniques suggested by Maehly are equally applicable
                 to the second large computer in the CDC line, the 3600.
                 Unlike the 1604, however, the 3600 has built-in
                 double-precision floating-point arithmetic. The present
                 work, largely inspired by the successes of Maehly and
                 his associates, concerns the extension of one of
                 Maehly's ideas to a double-precision subroutine for the
                 3600.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "$sqrt(x)$; CDC 3600; elementary functions",
}

@Article{Cowgill:1964:LEB,
  author =       "D. Cowgill",
  title =        "Logic Equations for a Built-In Square Root Method",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "156--157",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263791",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:56:59 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038119",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Eve:1964:EP,
  author =       "J. Eve",
  title =        "The Evaluation of Polynomials",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "17--21",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:21:47 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
  xxnumber =     "(none)",
}

@MastersThesis{Goldschmidt:1964:ADC,
  author =       "R. E. Goldschmidt",
  title =        "Applications of division by convergence",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts
                 Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "44 (est.)",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gram:1964:RZF,
  author =       "Christian Gram",
  title =        "On the Representation of Zero in Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "156--161",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01956026",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "29\#5412",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=3&spage=156",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Gregory:1964:FAN,
  author =       "Robert T. Gregory and James L. Raney",
  title =        "Floating-point arithmetic with $84$-bit numbers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "10--13",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "30\#2706",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Henrici:1964:ENA,
  author =       "Peter Henrici",
  title =        "Elements of numerical analysis",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 328",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .H4",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:17:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Based on the author's lecture notes for a course
                 entitled {\em Numerical Mathematical Analysis\/} at the
                 University of California, Los Angeles. Cited in
                 \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis",
}

@Article{Jacobsohn:1964:SFM,
  author =       "D. Jacobsohn",
  title =        "A Suggestion for a Fast Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "754--754",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263942",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:57:06 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038318",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Book{Khinchin:1964:CF,
  author =       "Aleksandr Iakovlevich Khinchin",
  title =        "Continued fractions",
  publisher =    "P. Noordhoff",
  address =      "Groningen, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "101",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA295 .K513 1964a",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 30 06:55:53 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Translated by Peter Wynn",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover032/97008056.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/dover031/97008056.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1894--1959",
}

@Article{Klokacev:1964:RNF,
  author =       "I. V. Kloka{\v{c}}ev",
  title =        "A refinement of the normalized floating point number
                 notation on digital computers. ({Russian})",
  journal =      "{\v{Z}}. Vy{\v{c}}isl. Mat. i Mat. Fiz.",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "192--194",
  year =         "1964",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "28\#4694",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kundu:1964:TMD,
  author =       "P. Kundu and S. Banerji",
  title =        "Transistorized Multiplier and Divider and Its
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "288--295",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263919",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:57:00 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038157",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Lamson:1964:DAD,
  author =       "Roger C. Lamson",
  title =        "A Division Algorithm for a Digital Differential
                 Analyzer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--55",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263838",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:56:57 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038079",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Lynn:1964:REM,
  author =       "M. Stuart Lynn",
  title =        "On the Round-Off Error in the Method of Successive
                 Over-Relaxation",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "85",
  pages =        "36--49",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Maley:1964:MDC,
  author =       "Gerald A. Maley and Edward J. Skiko",
  title =        "Modern digital computers",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 216",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .M192",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 10:04:00 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Prentice-Hall electrical engineering series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "binary arithmetic",
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers",
}

@Book{McCracken:1964:NMF,
  author =       "Daniel D. McCracken and William S. Dorn",
  title =        "Numerical methods and {FORTRAN} programming, with
                 applications in engineering and science",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 457",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Numerical analysis --- Data processing.; {Fortran}
                 (Computer program language)",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Merrill:1964:IDC,
  author =       "Roy D. Merrill",
  title =        "Improving Digital Computer Performance Using Residue
                 Number Theory",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "93--101",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263777;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263776",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:56:58 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038105;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4037753;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4038099",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Residue arithmetic has the interesting characteristic
                 that in multiplication, addition and subtraction any
                 digit in the result is dependent only on its two
                 corresponding operand digits. Consequently, for these
                 operations, residue arithmetic is \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Miller:1964:ESD,
  author =       "R. H. Miller",
  title =        "An example in ``significant-digit'' arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--21",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 24 09:33:00 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Different methods of handling the summing process for
                 the geometric series are shown to give results
                 indicating widely differing significances when carried
                 out in a machine incorporating ``significant-digit''
                 arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@MastersThesis{Moss:1964:RDC,
  author =       "George Joseph {Moss, Jr.}",
  title =        "Recording digital counter with floating point output
                 format",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Maryland",
  address =      "College Park, MD, USA",
  pages =        "155",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Rice:1964:AFV,
  author =       "John R. Rice",
  title =        "The Approximation of Functions",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA221 .R5 V.1-2",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:02:52 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Santos:1964:BVB,
  author =       "J. Santos and H. Arango",
  title =        "Base $3$ vs Base $2$ Synchronous Arithmetic Units",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "608--609",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263734",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:57:04 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038256",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Stein:1964:DCM,
  author =       "M. L. Stein",
  title =        "Divide-and-Correct Methods for Multiple Precision
                 Division",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "472--474",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Sweo:1964:SFP,
  author =       "David Ernest Sweo",
  title =        "A study of floating point arithmetic with the residue
                 number system",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "UCLA - Engineering",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  pages =        "89",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Congruences and residues.; Electronic digital
                 computers --- Programming.",
}

@Article{Wallace:1964:SFM,
  author =       "C. S. Wallace",
  title =        "A Suggestion for a Fast Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--17",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263830",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:56:56 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038071",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Wolfe:1964:RTE,
  author =       "J. M. Wolfe",
  title =        "Reducing Truncation Errors by Programming",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "355--356",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 00:17:16 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Ashenhurst:1965:EEC,
  author =       "R. L. Ashenhurst and N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Error Estimation in Computer Calculation",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "2 (Part 2)",
  pages =        "47--58",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  MRclass =      "65.80",
  MRnumber =     "MR0192671 (33 \#896)",
  MRreviewer =   "James H. Wilkinson",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in Department of Economics, Graduate School
                 of Business, University of Chicago, Center for
                 Mathematical Studies in Business and Economics, number
                 45.",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
  fjournal =     "The American Mathematical Monthly",
  keywords =     "error estimation; floating-point arithmetic",
  ZMnumber =     "0216.49602",
}

@InProceedings{Ashenhurst:1965:EIU,
  author =       "R. L. Ashenhurst",
  editor =       "L. B. Rall",
  booktitle =    "Error in digital computation",
  title =        "Experimental investigation of unnormalized
                 arithmetic",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "3--37",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:49:59 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARI FLP",
}

@InProceedings{Ashenhurst:1965:TAE,
  author =       "R. L. Ashenhurst",
  editor =       "L. B. Rall",
  booktitle =    "Error in digital computation",
  title =        "Techniques for automatic error monitoring and
                 control",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "43--59",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 9 09:42:56 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARI FLP",
}

@Article{Atrubin:1965:ODR,
  author =       "A. J. Atrubin",
  title =        "A One-Dimensional Real-Time Iterative Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "394--399",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264145",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:33 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038457",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Blum:1965:EAP,
  author =       "B. I. Blum",
  title =        "An Extended Arithmetic Package",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "318--320",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 8 08:20:53 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Combet:1965:CBT,
  author =       "M. Combet and H. {Van Zonneveld} and L. Verbeek",
  title =        "Computation of the Base Two Logarithm of Binary
                 Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "863--867",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264080",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:41 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038605",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Dadda:1965:SSP,
  author =       "L. Dadda",
  title =        "Some Schemes for Parallel Multipliers",
  journal =      "Alta Frequenza",
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "349--356",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:47:42 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Deiters:1965:ODD,
  author =       "Robert M. Deiters",
  title =        "Optimum Design of a Diode Squarer by Applying the
                 Criterion of Square Root of the Integral of Per Cent
                 Error Squared",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "456--463",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264153",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038465",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Dodd:1965:RSB,
  author =       "George G. Dodd",
  title =        "Remarks on Simulation of {Boolean} Functions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "517--517",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Recently M. Morris Mano presented a method for
                 performing Boolean OR, AND and NOT operations by means
                 of arithmetic and conditional transfer operations in a
                 decimal computer lacking builtin logical
                 instructions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940407",
  keywords =     "Boolean operations; decimal arithmetic",
  sjb =          "Commenting on \cite{Mano:1965:PSB}.",
}

@Article{Earle:1965:LCS,
  author =       "J. G. Earle",
  title =        "Latched Carry-Save Adder",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "909--910",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:49:36 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Garner:1965:NSA,
  author =       "H. L. Garner",
  title =        "Number systems and arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Alt:1965:AC",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "131--194",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:18:19 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Garner:1965:RID,
  author =       "H. L. Garner",
  title =        "{R65-22} Improving Digital Computer Performance Using
                 Residue Number Theory",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "277--277",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.263975",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:23 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038430;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4037753;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4038385",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
}

@Article{Hammel:1965:RLC,
  author =       "D. Hammel",
  title =        "{R65-54} The Logic of Computer Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "670--670",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264031",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:40 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038535",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Hammer:1965:BRE,
  author =       "Preston C. Hammer",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\em Experimental Arithmetic, High Speed
                 Computing and Mathematics} by N. C. Metropolis, A. H.
                 Taub, John Todd, and C. B. Tompkins}",
  journal =      j-TECHNOMETRICS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--82",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "TCMTA2",
  ISSN =         "0040-1706",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 13:44:52 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-1706%28196502%297%3A1%3C82%3AEAHSCA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hamming:1965:NLB,
  author =       "R. W. Hamming and W. L. Mammel",
  title =        "A Note on the Location of the Binary Point in a
                 Computing Machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "260--261",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264258",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/benfords-law.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038414",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  remark =       "The authors consider the low-level multiplication
                 circuit efficiency of placing the binary point before
                 or after the first bit. If the leading bit is equally
                 likely to be a 0 or a 1, then their analysis shows that
                 it is better to place the point before the leading bit.
                 However, they report that a more likely distribution is
                 logarithmic (as predicted by Benford's Law, although
                 the Newcomb / Benford work is neither mentioned nor
                 cited), in which case there is no advantage for either
                 choice of placement of the binary point. The conclude
                 that it would be humane to place it after the leading
                 digit, by analogy with how people learn decimal
                 arithmetic.",
}

@Article{Ikebe:1965:NTP,
  author =       "Yasuhiko Ikebe",
  title =        "Note on Triple-Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic
                 with 132-Bit Numbers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "175--177",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "30\#2707",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 14:32:51 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "In a recent paper, Gregory and Raney described a
                 technique for double-precision floating-point
                 arithmetic. A similar technique can be developed for
                 triple-precision floating-point arithmetic and its is
                 the purpose of this note to describe this technique.
                 Only the multiplication and the division algorithms are
                 described, since the addition-subtraction algorithm can
                 be obtained by a trivial modification of the algorithm
                 in Gregory's and Raney's paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940404",
}

@Article{James:1965:GSR,
  author =       "Wendy James and P. Jarratt",
  title =        "The Generation of Square Roots on a Computer with
                 Rapid Multiplication Compared with Division (in
                 {Technical Notes and Short Papers})",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "91",
  pages =        "497--500",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Kahan:1965:FPO,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  booktitle =    "Programmer's Reference Manual",
  title =        "The Floating-Point Over\slash Underflow Trap Routine
                 {{\tt FPTRP}}",
  publisher =    "Institute of Computer Science, University of Toronto",
  address =      "Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 19:11:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/k/kahan-william-m.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Section 4.1.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Kahan:1965:FRR,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "Further Remarks on Reducing Truncation Errors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--40",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 00:18:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  remark =       "Gives summation error estimate formula `s = fl(a + b);
                 error = (a - s) + b', also discovered independently by
                 \cite{Moller:1965:QDP}. Extends Gill's earlier
                 fixed-point result \cite{Gill:1951:PSS}. Cited in
                 \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Kanner:1965:NBC,
  author =       "Herbert Kanner",
  title =        "Number Base Conversion in Significant Digit
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "242--246",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 03 08:47:50 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{King:1965:LED,
  author =       "R. King",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: On the Double-Precision Square
                 Root Routine",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "202",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:43 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "$\sqrt(x)$; elementary functions; floating-point
                 arithmetic",
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1965:DCM,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "On a Divide-and-Correct Method for Variable Precision
                 Division",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "179--181",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/363791.363829",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "30\#2709",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip and
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Described in this paper is a divide-and-correct method
                 for variable precision division in digital computers.
                 Unlike the earlier methods of Stein and Pope, the
                 present method uses a suitably rounded form of the
                 normalized divisor for getting an estimate of the
                 quotient characters. This result is a correction of at
                 most plus or minus one to the estimate, to obtain the
                 exact quotient character. It is believed that this
                 method will be widely applicable for division
                 operations in variable word-length character-oriented
                 machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic",
}

@TechReport{Lederer:1965:FPP,
  author =       "E. Lederer",
  title =        "Floating-point-Pegasus, {FLPPEG}",
  type =         "{ISD-Bericht}",
  number =       "12",
  institution =  "ISD, Inst. f{\"u}r Statik u. Dynamik d. Luft- u.
                 Raumfahrtkonstruktionen, Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
  address =      "Stuttgart, Germany",
  pages =        "5",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 09:05:51 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lehman:1965:SAT,
  author =       "M. Lehman",
  title =        "Serial Arithmetic Techniques",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1965:FJC",
  pages =        "715--725",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 08 23:08:35 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Liddiard:1965:DPF,
  author =       "Lawrence Anthony Liddiard",
  title =        "Double precision floating point arithmetic",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Minnesota",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Calculators.; Numerical calculations.",
}

@Book{Lyusternik:1965:HCE,
  author =       "L. A. Lyusternik and O. A. Chervonenkis and A. R.
                 Yanpolski",
  title =        "Handbook for Computing Elementary Functions",
  publisher =    pub-PERGAMON,
  address =      pub-PERGAMON:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 251",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "QA221.L513",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:13:16 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Translated from the Russian by G. J. Tee. Translation
                 edited by K. L. Stewart.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Mano:1965:PSB,
  author =       "M. Morris Mano",
  title =        "Pracniques: {Simulation} of {Boolean} functions in a
                 decimal computer",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--40",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:58 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See remarks \cite{Dodd:1965:RSB}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940304",
  sjb =          "Describes how to perform Boolean operations by means
                 of arithmetic and conditional transfer operations on a
                 decimal computer lacking any built in logical
                 instructions. See also \cite{Dodd:cacm:65}.",
}

@Article{Martin:1965:SHS,
  author =       "A. R. Martin and A. B. Rosenstein",
  title =        "A Shiftrix for High-Speed Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "639--643",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264010",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:39 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038521",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Metropolis:1965:AIE,
  author =       "N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Analysis of Inherent Errors in Matrix Decomposition
                 Using Unnormalized Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "441--442",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 19:21:38 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  ZMnumber =     "0161.35502",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1965:AUA,
  author =       "N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Algorithms in unnormalized arithmetic. {I}.
                 {Recurrence} relations",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "104--112",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "MR0178589 (31 \#2846)",
  MRreviewer =   "G. Dahlquist",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Metropolis:1965:BAU}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  ZMnumber =     "0128.36301",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1965:BAU,
  author =       "N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Berichtigung: {Algorithms} in unnormalized arithmetic.
                 {I}. {Recurrence} relations",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "354",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "Contributed Item",
  MRnumber =     "MR1553943",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1965:RCU,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and R. L. Ashenhurst",
  title =        "Radix Conversion in an Unnormalized Arithmetic
                 System",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "91",
  pages =        "435--441",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-5718%28196507%2919%3A91%3C435%3ARCIAUA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZMnumber =     "0146.14607",
}

@Article{Metze:1965:MSR,
  author =       "Gernot Metze",
  title =        "Minimal Square Rooting",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "181--185",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.263963",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038397",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Miller:1965:ASF,
  author =       "G. F. Miller",
  title =        "Algorithms for Special Functions {II}",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "194--196",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:22:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
  xxnumber =     "(none)",
}

@Article{Moller:1965:NQD,
  author =       "Ole M{\o}ller",
  title =        "Note on Quasi Double-Precision",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "251--255",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 14 09:14:57 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Moller:1965:QDP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Moller:1965:QDP,
  author =       "Ole M{\o}ller",
  title =        "Quasi Double-Precision in Floating Point Addition",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "37--50",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01975722",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65.80",
  MRnumber =     "31\#5359",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Moller:1965:NQD}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=1&spage=37",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; floating-point
                 arithmetic; rounding errors",
  remark =       "Gives summation error estimate formula `s = fl(a + b);
                 error = (a - s) + b', also discovered independently by
                 \cite{Kahan:1965:FRR}. Extends Gill's earlier
                 fixed-point result \cite{Gill:1951:PSS}.",
}

@InCollection{Moore:1965:AACa,
  author =       "Ramon E. Moore",
  title =        "The automatic analysis and control of error in digital
                 computing based on the use of interval numbers",
  crossref =     "Rall:1965:EDCa",
  chapter =      "2",
  pages =        "61--130",
  year =         "1965",
  MRclass =      "65.61 (65.80)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0176614 (31 \#886)",
  MRreviewer =   "T. E. Hull",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 10:51:40 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://interval.louisiana.edu/Moores_early_papers/Moore_in_Rall_V1.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bookpages =    "????",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@InCollection{Moore:1965:AACb,
  author =       "Ramon E. Moore",
  title =        "Automatic local coordinate transformations to reduce
                 the growth of error bounds in interval computation of
                 solutions of ordinary differential equations",
  crossref =     "Rall:1965:EDCb",
  chapter =      "2",
  pages =        "103--140",
  year =         "1965",
  MRclass =      "65.80 (65.60)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0185839 (32 \#3299)",
  MRreviewer =   "T. E. Hull",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 10:51:40 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://interval.louisiana.edu/Moores_early_papers/Moore_in_Rall_V2.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Morrison:1965:MCC,
  author =       "D. R. Morrison",
  title =        "A Method for Computing Certain Inverse Functions",
  journal =      j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "202--208",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "MTTCAS",
  ISSN =         "0891-6837",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Nathan:1965:CM,
  author =       "Amos Nathan",
  title =        "The Cascade Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "243--247",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264250",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038406",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Penney:1965:BSC,
  author =       "Walter Penney",
  title =        "A ``Binary'' System for Complex Numbers",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "247--248",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 03 08:47:50 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Ralston:1965:FCN,
  author =       "Anthony Ralston",
  title =        "A first course in numerical analysis",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 578",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .R3",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:13:32 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "International series in pure and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See also second edition
                 \cite{Ralston:1978:FCN,Ralston:2001:FCN}. Cited in
                 \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis",
}

@Article{Riordan:1965:UAT,
  author =       "R. H. S. Riordan and R. R. A. Morton",
  title =        "The Use of Analog Techniques in Binary Arithmetic
                 Units",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--35",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264051",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:20 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038346",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Ross:1965:RTE,
  author =       "D. R. Ross",
  title =        "Reducing Truncation Errors Using Cascading
                 Accumulators",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "32--33",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 18 22:55:00 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "When accumulating a large number of quantities as in
                 numerical integration, the sum itself may become much
                 larger than the individual addends. This results in
                 truncation error. Much of this error can be eliminated
                 using cascading accumulators as noted in a recent
                 article by Wolfe. A simpler and slightly more flexible
                 algorithm is presented which deals also with the case
                 of negative addends.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940304",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
  sjb =          "Refers to \cite{Wolfe:cacm:196,Wilhelm:1977:GMPb}.",
}

@Article{Specker:1965:CAL,
  author =       "W. H. Specker",
  title =        "A Class of Algorithms for $\ln x$, $\exp x$, $\sin x$,
                 $\cos x$, $\tan^{-1} x$, and $\cot^{-1} x$",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "85--86",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264066",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:21 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038361",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Swarztrauber:1965:LED,
  author =       "P. N. Swarztrauber",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: On the Double-Precision Square
                 Root Routine",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "202",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 31 14:02:19 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "$\sqrt(x)$; elementary functions; floating-point
                 arithmetic",
}

@Article{Sweeney:1965:AFP,
  author =       "D. W. Sweeney",
  title =        "An analysis of floating-point addition",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--42",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:42:42 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in
                 \cite[pp.~317--328]{Swartzlander:1990:CAa}.",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/041/ibmsjIVRID.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # "\slash " # ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Page 34, containing a critical table, is missing from
                 the PDF file.",
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@Article{Winograd:1965:TRP,
  author =       "S. Winograd",
  title =        "On the Time Required to Perform Addition",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "277--285",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Parallel/Multi.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Arango:1966:FCP,
  author =       "H. Arango and J. Santos",
  title =        "A Fast Carry-Propagation Circuit for Base $3$ Signed
                 Non redundant Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "254--255",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1966.264311",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 05:46:31 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038725",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Brooker:1966:MFA,
  author =       "R. A. Brooker and J. S. Rohl and S. R. Clark",
  title =        "The main features of {Atlas Autocode}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "303--310",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:56:10 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/",
  note =         "See comment \cite{Clark:1966:CMP}.",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/080303.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/303.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/304.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/305.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/306.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/307.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/308.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/309.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_04/tiff/310.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Chang:1966:DHR,
  author =       "Henry Kwan-cheung Chang",
  title =        "Design of a high rate floating point digital
                 accumulator",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S. in Engineering})",
  school =       "University of California, Davis",
  address =      "Davis, CA, USA",
  pages =        "60",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Dissertations, Academic --- California ---
                 Engineering.",
}

@Article{Chartres:1966:ACP,
  author =       "Bruce A. Chartres",
  title =        "Automatic Controlled Precision Calculations",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "386--403",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:23:06 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent developments in computer design and error
                 analysis have made feasible the use of variable
                 precision arithmetic and the preparation of programs
                 that automatically determine their own precision
                 requirements. Such programs enable the user to specify
                 the accuracy he wants, and yield answers guaranteed to
                 lie within the bounds prescribed. A class of such
                 programs, called ``contracting error programs'', is
                 defined in which the precision is determined by
                 prescribing error bounds on the data. A variant of
                 interval arithmetic is defined which enables a limited
                 class of algorithms to be programmed as contracting
                 error programs. A contracting error program for the
                 solution of simultaneous linear equations is described,
                 demonstrating the application of the idea to a wider
                 class of problems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Clark:1966:CMP,
  author =       "S. R. Clark and W. F. Lunnon",
  title =        "Correspondence: Multiple precision arithmetic (real
                 and complex)",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "174--174",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:56:14 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/",
  note =         "See \cite{Brooker:1966:MFA}.",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/tiff/174.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fike:1966:SAS,
  author =       "C. T. Fike",
  title =        "Starting Approximations for Square Root Calculation on
                 {IBM} System/360",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "297--299",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:43 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "$\sqrt(x)$; elementary functions; IBM S/360",
}

@Article{Filippi:1966:BEE,
  author =       "S. Filippi",
  title =        "{Die Berechnung einiger elementarer transzendenter
                 Funktionen mit Hilfe des Richardson-Algorithmus}
                 \toenglish {The Computation of Some Elementary
                 Transcendental Functions by Means of the {Richardson}
                 Algorithm} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "127--132",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Flehinger:1966:PRI,
  author =       "B. J. Flehinger",
  title =        "On the Probability that a Random Integer Has Initial
                 Digit `{A}'",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1056--1061",
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 18:53:58 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Probably November or December issue; missing from
                 amermathmonthly1960.bib.",
}

@Article{Garner:1966:ECA,
  author =       "Harvey L. Garner",
  title =        "Error Codes for Arithmetic Operations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-15",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "763--770",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1966.264566",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 05:46:38 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038884",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Gregory:1966:DAU,
  author =       "Robert T. Gregory",
  title =        "On the Design of the Arithmetic Unit of a
                 Fixed-Word-Length Computer from the Standpoint of
                 Computational Accuracy",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "255--257",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1966.264312",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 05:46:31 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038726",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Harding:1966:ISF,
  author =       "L. J. {Harding, Jr.}",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "SHARE XXVII, Toronto, Canada, August 1966",
  title =        "Idiosyncracies of {System\slash 360} Floating-Point",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 19:04:14 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Harding:1966:MSF,
  author =       "L. J. {Harding, Jr.}",
  title =        "Modifications of {System\slash 360} Floating-Point",
  number =       "SSD 157, C4470",
  howpublished = "SHARE Secretarial Distribution",
  pages =        "11--27",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 19:05:45 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Henrici:1966:TPM,
  author =       "Peter Henrici",
  title =        "Test of probabilistic models for the propagation of
                 roundoff errors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "409--410",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:07 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Hull:1966:TPM,
  author =       "T. E. Hull and J. R. Swenson",
  title =        "Tests of Probabilistic Models for Propagation of
                 Roundoff Errors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "108--113",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.80",
  MRnumber =     "32\#3297",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:04 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/gvl.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "In any prolonged computation it is generally assumed
                 that the accumulated effect of roundoff errors is in
                 some sense statistical. The purpose of this paper is to
                 give precise descriptions of certain probabilistic
                 models for roundoff error, and then to describe a
                 series of experiments for testing the validity of these
                 models. It is concluded that the models are in general
                 very good. Discrepancies are both rare and mild. The
                 test techniques can also be used to experiment with
                 various types of special arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Manual{IBM:1966:ISM,
  key =          "IBM",
  title =        "{IBM System\slash 360 Model 91}: Functional
                 Characteristics",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:34:43 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "File No. S360-01, Form A22-6907-2.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Book{Isaacson:1966:ANM,
  author =       "Eugene Isaacson and Herbert Bishop Keller",
  title =        "Analysis of numerical methods",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 541",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .I8",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:37:14 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}. Reprinted in
                 \cite{Isaacson:1994:ANM}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis",
}

@Misc{Kahan:1966:ISS,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "{7094 II} System Support for Numerical Analysis",
  howpublished = "SHARE Secretary Distribution 159, C4537",
  pages =        "1--54",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 07 08:39:33 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@InCollection{Kogbetliantz:1966:GEF,
  author =       "E. G. Kogbetliantz",
  title =        "Generation of Elementary Functions",
  crossref =     "Ralston:1966:MMD",
  pages =        "7--35",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 09 14:09:27 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Kuki:1966:EGS,
  author =       "H. Kuki and E. Hanson and J. J. Ortega and J. C.
                 Butcher and P. G. Anderson",
  title =        "Evaluation Guidelines {SHARE Numerical Analysis
                 Project (N.A.P.)}",
  journal =      "{SHARE Secretary Distribution}",
  volume =       "SSD 150, part II",
  number =       "C4304",
  pages =        "1--42",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:45:16 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Lam:1966:COG,
  author =       "Lay-yong Lam",
  title =        "On the {Chinese} origin of the {Galley} method of
                 arithmetical division",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "part 1, 9",
  pages =        "66--69",
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400000200",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  MRclass =      "01.10",
  MRnumber =     "0204243 (34 \#4087)",
  MRreviewer =   "I. N. Veselovski{\u\i}",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 22 18:01:23 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  keywords =     "history",
  ZMnumber =     "0143.24202",
}

@Article{Mancino:1966:MPF,
  author =       "O. G. Mancino",
  title =        "Multiple precision floating-point conversion from
                 decimal-to-binary and vice versa",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "347--348",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:06 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Decimal-to-binary and binary-to-decimal floating-point
                 conversion is often performed by using a table of the
                 powers $10^i$ ($i$ a positive integer) for converting
                 from base $10$ to base $2$, and by using a table of the
                 coefficients of a polynomial approximation of $10^x (0
                 \leq x < 1)$ for converting from base $2$ to base $10$.
                 These tables occupy a large storage region in the case
                 of a nonsingle precision conversion. This paper shows
                 that a single small table suffices for a floating-point
                 conversion from decimal to binary, and vice versa, in
                 any useful precision.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; Multiple precision
                 arithmetic; number base conversion",
}

@Unpublished{Mazor:1966:FSI,
  author =       "Stan Mazor",
  title =        "{Fairchild Symbol II} Decimal Floating Point Unit",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 22 21:18:53 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Cited in \cite[p. 106]{Cowlishaw:2003:DFP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Book{Moore:1966:IA,
  author =       "Ramon E. Moore",
  title =        "Interval analysis",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 145",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .M63",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 14 08:15:54 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Nickel:1966:NFA,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{{\"U}ber die Notwendigkeit einer Fehlerschranken-
                 Arithmetik f{\"u}r Rechenautomaten}",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "69--79",
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Book{Parker:1966:SNS,
  author =       "Francis D. Parker",
  title =        "The structure of number systems",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 137",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QA241 .P3; QA241 .P239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 19:10:47 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "Teachers' mathematics reference series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Number theory",
}

@Article{Spielberg:1966:CEU,
  author =       "K. Spielberg",
  title =        "Computation of $e^x$ with the use of large tables",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "102--114",
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:43:03 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@Article{Tienari:1966:SPM,
  author =       "M. Tienari and V. Suokonautio",
  title =        "A Set of Procedures Making Real Arithmetic of
                 Unlimited Accuracy Possible Within {Algol 60}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "332--338",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01966093",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 12 08:07:38 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=4&spage=332",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1966:NAI,
  author =       "A. {van Wijngaarden}",
  title =        "Numerical Analysis as an Independent Science",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01939551",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=1&spage=66",
  abstract =     "The paper describes how a number of well-known
                 mathematical concepts ought to be modified in order to
                 make sense within the scope of numerical analysis. It
                 is also shown how obvious difficulties can be overcome
                 in a logical way. All algorithms suggested are given as
                 ALGOL procedures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Watson:1966:SCC,
  author =       "R. W. Watson and C. W. Hastings",
  title =        "Self-Checked Computation using Residue Arithmetic",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1920--1931",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:37:52 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Whitney:1966:PCR,
  author =       "D. E. Whitney",
  title =        "Propagation and control of roundoff error in the
                 matrix exponential method",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1483--1484",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Wiegel:1966:MBA,
  author =       "R. E. Wiegel",
  title =        "Methods of Binary Addition",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "195",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Illinois",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:40:18 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Adams:1967:SCP,
  author =       "Duane A. Adams",
  title =        "A stopping criterion for polynomial root finding",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "655--658",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.50",
  MRnumber =     "39\#2314",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:15 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "When searching for the root of a polynomial, it is
                 generally difficult to know just when to accept a
                 number as an adequate approximation to the root. In
                 this paper an algorithm is presented which allows one
                 to terminate the iteration process on the basis of
                 calculated bounds for the roundoff error which occurs
                 in evaluating the polynomial. This stopping criterion
                 has been tested on numerous examples and has been found
                 to serve as a satisfactory means for accepting a
                 complex number as a zero of a real polynomial.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Anderson:1967:ISM,
  author =       "S. F. Anderson and J. G. Earle and R. E. Goldschmidt
                 and D. M. Powers",
  title =        "The {IBM System\slash 360 Model} 91: Floating-point
                 execution unit",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--53",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 22:14:32 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Clark:1967:PSF,
  author =       "N. A. Clark and W. J. Cody and K. E. Hillstrom and E.
                 A. Thieleker",
  title =        "Performance Statistics of the {FORTRAN IV (H)} Library
                 for the {IBM System\slash 360}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "ANL-7231",
  institution =  inst-ANL,
  address =      inst-ANL:adr,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 08:47:24 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in SHARE Secretary Distribution, SDD 169,
                 C4473, pp. 12 46.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Cody:1967:CFI,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Critique of the {FORTRAN IV (H)} Library for the {IBM
                 System\slash 360}",
  journal =      "{SHARE Secretary Distribution}",
  volume =       "SSD 169",
  number =       "C4473",
  pages =        "4--11",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 08:52:04 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@InProceedings{Cody:1967:IMD,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "The influence of machine design on numerical
                 algorithms",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1967:ACP",
  pages =        "305--309",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 24 00:18:32 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Crisansan-Zverca:1967:PED,
  author =       "Mariana Cri{\c{s}}an-Zverca",
  title =        "Pseudo-operations of an electronic digital machine
                 with floating point. ({Romanian})",
  journal =      j-STUD-CERCET-MAT,
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "1413--1424",
  year =         "1967",
  ISSN =         "0039-4068, 0567-6401",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "40\#3753",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Curry:1967:ART,
  author =       "E. Curry",
  title =        "The analysis of round-off and truncation errors in a
                 hybrid control system",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "601--604",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:03 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The round-off and truncation errors of a
                 digital-analog (hybrid) servo system are studied in
                 terms of the least upper bound and second moment, or
                 variance. The study was applied to the azimuth function
                 of a guided missile launcher system and a \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Ferrari:1967:DMU,
  author =       "Domenico Ferrari",
  title =        "A Division Method Using a Parallel Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "224--226",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264580",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 21:15:02 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Ferrari:1969:CDM}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4039036",
  abstract =     "The use of a parallel multiplier for performing
                 high-speed binary division requires that an algorithm
                 be devised that obtains the quotient by means of
                 multiplications and additions. Furthermore, its
                 hardware implementation must be as simple and as fast
                 as possible. A suitable algorithm, which applies to a
                 first approximation to the reciprocal of the divisor,
                 has already been proposed [1]. A similar algorithm is
                 presented in this paper. The comparison between the two
                 methods for equal numbers of multiplications shows that
                 the latter is more accurate. Conversely, a given
                 accuracy can often be obtained with a higher speed. The
                 generation of a piecewise-linear initial approximation
                 is also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Fike:1967:MEP,
  author =       "C. T. Fike",
  title =        "Methods of Evaluating Polynomial Approximations in
                 Function Evaluation Routines",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "175--178",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Fike:1967:RAO,
  author =       "C. T. Fike",
  title =        "A Rational Approximation Optimal by {Moursund}'s
                 Criterion (letter to the editor)",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "683--684",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:43 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Filho:1967:AGF,
  author =       "A. M. S. Filho and G. Schwachheim",
  title =        "Algorithm 309: Gamma Function with Arbitrary
                 Precision",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "511--512",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Forsythe:1967:CSL,
  author =       "George E. Forsythe and Cleve B. Moler",
  title =        "Computer Solution of Linear Algebraic Systems",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 148",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .F57 1967",
  MRclass =      "65.35",
  MRnumber =     "MR0219223 (36 \#2306)",
  MRreviewer =   "N. Gastinel",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 25 08:52:32 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/moler-cleve-b.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gvl.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "numerical analysis; software",
  remark =       "Translated to Russian (1969), Japanese (1969), and
                 German (1971). Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "numerical analysis; data processing; matrices",
  tableofcontents = "Reader's background and purpose of book \\
                 Vector and matrix norms \\
                 Diagonal form of a matrix under orthogonal equivalence
                 \\
                 Proof of diagonal-form theorem \\
                 Types of computational problems in linear algebra \\
                 Types of matrices encountered impractical problems \\
                 Sources of computational problems of linear algebra \\
                 Condition of a linear system \\
                 Gaussian elimination and LU decomposition \\
                 Need for interchanging rows \\
                 Scaling equations and unknowns \\
                 The Crout and Doolittle variants \\
                 Iterative improvement \\
                 Computing the determinant \\
                 Nearly singular matrices \\
                 Algol 60 program \\
                 Fortran, extended Algol, and PL/1 programs \\
                 Matrix inversion \\
                 An example: Hilbert matrices \\
                 Floating-point round-off analysis \\
                 Rounding error in Gaussian elimination \\
                 Convergence of iterative improvement \\
                 Positive definite matrices; band matrices \\
                 Iterative methods for solving linear systems \\
                 Nonlinear systems of equations",
  ZMnumber =     "0154.40401",
}

@Article{Freeman:1967:CMS,
  author =       "Herbert Freeman",
  title =        "Calculation of Mean Shift for a Binary Multiplier
                 Using $2$, $3$, or $4$ Bits at a Time",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-16",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "864--866",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264752",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 21:15:06 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4039205",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Freiman:1967:CDU,
  author =       "C. V. Freiman and others",
  title =        "Composite Division Unit",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "994--995",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 08 22:40:53 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Friedland:1967:AAV,
  author =       "Paul Friedland",
  title =        "{Algorithm 312}: {Absolute} Value and Square Root of a
                 Complex Number",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "665--665",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:15 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "$\abs(z)$; $\sqrt(z)$; elementary functions",
}

@Article{Goldberg:1967:BAN,
  author =       "I. Bennett Goldberg",
  title =        "$27$ Bits Are Not Enough For $8$-Digit Accuracy",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "105--106",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:47:55 2003",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "From the inequality $10^8 < 2^{27}$, we are likely to
                 conclude that we can represent 8-digit decimal
                 floating-point numbers accurately by 27-bit [binary]
                 floating-point numbers. However, we need 28 significant
                 bits to represent some 8-digit numbers accurately. In
                 general, we can show that if $10^p < 2^{q-1}$, then $q$
                 significant bits are always enough for $p$-digit
                 decimal accuracy. Finally, we can define a compact
                 27-bit floating-point representation that will give 28
                 significant bits, for numbers of practical
                 importance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Book{Gschwind:1967:DDC,
  author =       "H. W. Gschwind",
  title =        "Design of Digital Computers: An Introduction",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 530",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "TK7888.3 .G72",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 18:56:39 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Howell:1967:MPA,
  author =       "K. M. Howell",
  title =        "Multiple precision arithmetic techniques",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "383--387",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:56:19 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/090383.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/383.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/384.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/385.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/386.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/387.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jarden:1967:EAL,
  author =       "Dov Jarden",
  title =        "Existence of Arbitrarily Long Sequences of Consecutive
                 Members in Arithmetic Progressions Divisible by
                 Arbitrarily Many Different Primes",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "280--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 18:04:54 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/5-3.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/5-3/jarden1.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1967:NRD,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy and S. K. Nandi",
  title =        "On the Normalization Requirement of Divisor in
                 Divide-and-Correct Methods",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "809--813",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Kuki:1967:CAE,
  author =       "H. Kuki",
  title =        "Comments on the {ANL} Evaluation of the {OS\slash 360
                 FORTRAN} Math Function Library",
  journal =      "{SHARE Secretary Distribution}",
  volume =       "SSD 169",
  number =       "C4773",
  pages =        "47--53",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:42:04 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Lewis:1967:CFP,
  author =       "H. R. {Lewis, Jr.} and E. J. {Stovall, Jr.}",
  title =        "Comments on a Floating-Point Version of {Nordsieck}'s
                 Scheme for the Numerical Integration of Differential
                 Equations",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "98",
  pages =        "157--161",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Long:1967:LAS,
  author =       "C. T. Long and J. H. Jordan",
  title =        "A Limited Arithmetic on Simple Continued Fractions",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "113--128",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 18:04:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/5-2.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/5-2/long.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@Article{Mandelbaum:1967:CLS,
  author =       "David Mandelbaum",
  title =        "A Comparison of Linear Sequential Circuits and
                 Arithmetic Sequences",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "151--157",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 21:15:01 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4039022",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@Article{Massell:1967:RAP,
  author =       "E. Massell",
  title =        "{R67-41} An Analog Photoresistive Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "380--380",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264730",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 21:15:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  note =         "See comment \cite{Azgapetian:1968:CAP}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4039094",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1967:BCM,
  author =       "D. W. Matula",
  booktitle =    "{Spring Joint Computer Conference}",
  title =        "Base Conversion Mappings",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "311--318",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Book{McCalla:1967:INM,
  author =       "Thomas Richard McCalla",
  title =        "Introduction to Numerical Methods and {Fortran}
                 Programming",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 359",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1967",
  ISBN =         "0-471-58125-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-58125-3",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .M25",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 27 17:58:26 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0471581259/wholesaleproductA/;
                 http://www.cbooks.com/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$27.95",
  URL =          "http://www.cbooks.com/sqlnut/SP/search/gtsumt?source=&isbn=0471581259",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.; FORTRAN
                 (Computer program language); Numerical analysis.",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{McKeeman:1967:RER,
  author =       "W. M. McKeeman",
  title =        "Representation Error for Real Numbers in Binary
                 Computer Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-16",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "682--683",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264781",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 21:15:05 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4039164",
  abstract =     "Real numbers can be represented in a binary computer
                 by the form $i \cdot B^e$ where $i$ is the integer
                 part, $B$ the base, and $e$ the exponent. The accuracy
                 of the representation will depend upon the number of
                 bits allocated to the integer part and exponent part as
                 well as what base is chosen. If $L(i)$ and $L(e)$ are
                 the number of bits allocated to the magnitudes of the
                 integer and exponent parts and we define $I = 2^{L(i)}$
                 and $E = 2^{L(e)}$, the exponent range is given by
                 $B^{\pm E}$, the maximum relative representation error
                 is given by $B / 2 I$, and the average relative
                 representation error is given by $(B - 1) / (4 I \ln
                 B)$. The formulas provide quantitative comparison for
                 the effectiveness of alternative formats for real
                 number representations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  remark =       "McKeeman discusses the maximum and average relative
                 errors in binary (with and without a hidden bit),
                 octal, and hexadecimal bases for floating-point
                 arithmetic with a 48-bit computer word. Errors are
                 smallest with binary and a hidden bit.",
}

@Article{Menzel:1967:AUA,
  author =       "M. Menzel and N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Algorithms in unnormalized arithmetic. {II}.
                 {Unrestricted} polynomial evaluation",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "451--462",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02162878",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "65.80",
  MRnumber =     "MR0255093 (40 \#8300)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  ZMnumber =     "0225.65059",
}

@Article{Moler:1967:IRF,
  author =       "C. B. Moler",
  title =        "Iterative Refinement in Floating Point",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "316--321",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 1 09:43:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ir, nla, lud, iterative refinement",
}

@Article{Moursund:1967:OSV,
  author =       "D. G. Moursund",
  title =        "Optimal Starting Values for {Newton--Raphson}
                 Calculation of sqrt($x$)",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "430--432",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:43 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Nandi:1967:STD,
  author =       "Salil K. Nandi and E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "A simple technique for digital division",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "299--301",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:13 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sandberg:1967:FPR,
  author =       "I. W. Sandberg",
  title =        "Floating-Point-Roundoff Accumulation in Digital-Filter
                 Realizations",
  journal =      j-BELL-SYST-TECH-J,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1775--1791",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "BSTJAN",
  ISSN =         "0005-8580",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 9 11:15:55 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://bstj.bell-labs.com/oldfiles/year.1967/BSTJ.1967.4608.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://bstj.bell-labs.com/BSTJ/images/Vol46/bstj46-8-1775.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper, several results are presented
                 concerning the effects of roundoff in the
                 floating-point realization of a general discrete filter
                 governed ideally by a stable difference equation of the
                 form\par

                 $$w_n = \sum_{k = 0}^M b_k x_{n - k} - \sum{k = 1}^N
                 a_k w_{n - k}, \qquad n \geq N \qquad (1)$$\par

                 in which $\{ w_n \}$ and $\{ x_n \}$ are output and
                 input sequences, respectively.\par

                 In particular, for a large class of filters it is
                 proved that there is a function $f(K)$ with $f(K) \to
                 0$ as $K \to \infty$ and a constant $c$, both dependent
                 on the $b_k$, the $a_k$, the order in which the
                 products on the right side of (1) are summed in the
                 machine, and $t$, the number of bits allotted to the
                 mantissa, such that\par

                 $$\langle e \rangle_K \leq c \langle y \rangle_K +
                 f(K)$$\par

                 for all $K \geq N$, in which, with the computed output
                 sequence of the realized filter,\par

                 $$\langle y \rangle_K = \left( \frac{1}{K + 1} \sum_{n
                 = 0}^K |y_n|^2 \right)^{1/2}$$\par

                 and\par

                 $$\langle e \rangle_K = \left( \frac{1}{K + 1} \sum_{n
                 = 0}^K |w_n - y_n|^2 \right)^{1/2}$$\par

                 Bounds on $f(K)$ and $c$ are given that are not
                 difficult to evaluate, and which, in many realistic
                 cases, are informative. For example, for the
                 second-order bandpass filter:\par

                 $$w_n = x_n - a_1 w_{n - 1} - a_2 w_{n - 2}, \qquad n
                 \geq 2 \qquad (2)$$\par

                 with $a_1$ and $a_2$ chosen so that its poles arc at
                 approximately $\pm 45^\circ$ and at distance
                 approximately (but not less than) $0.001$ from the unit
                 circle, we find that $c$, an upper bound on the
                 ``asymptotic output error-to-signal ratio'', is not
                 greater than $0.58 \times 10^{-4}$, assuming that $t =
                 27$, that the terms on the right side of (2) are summed
                 in the machine in the order indicated (from right to
                 left), and that the $x_n$ in (2) are machine numbers.
                 If the $x_n$ are not machine numbers, and hence must be
                 quantized before processing, then $c \leq 0.76 \times
                 10^{-4}$.\par

                 In addition to error bounds, an inequality is derived
                 which, if satisfied, rules out certain types of
                 generally undesirable behavior such as self-sustained
                 output limit cycles due to roundoff effects. This
                 inequality is satisfied for the example described
                 above.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Bell System Technical Journal",
}

@Article{Sasaki:1967:ASR,
  author =       "Akio Sasaki",
  title =        "Addition and Subtraction in the Residue Number
                 System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "157--164",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264811",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 21:15:01 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4039023;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4037753;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4039015",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Improved residue expression and new arithmetic
                 algorithms for addition and subtraction are proposed.
                 In the proposed system positive and negative integers
                 of any magnitude can be handled regardless of the
                 particular choice of the set of relatively \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Szabo:1967:RAA,
  author =       "Nicholas S. Szab{\'o} and Richard I. Tanaka",
  title =        "Residue arithmetic and its applications to computer
                 technology",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 236",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "QA247.35 .S95",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 24 16:02:00 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "McGraw-Hill series in information processing and
                 computers",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Based on the authors' Report on residue (modular)
                 arithmetic survey.",
  subject =      "Modular arithmetic; Algorithms; Computer programming",
}

@Article{Tomasulo:1967:EAE,
  author =       "R. M. Tomasulo",
  title =        "An Efficient Algorithm for Exploiting Multiple
                 Arithmetic Units",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--33",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 26 10:27:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Wilkinson:1967:BZW,
  author =       "J. H. Wilkinson",
  title =        "Bledy Zaokragle{\'n} w Procesach Algebraicznych.
                 ({Polish}) [{Rounding} errors in algebraic Processes]",
  publisher =    "PWW",
  address =      "Warszawa, Poland",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 25 09:28:02 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Polish translation of \cite{Wilkinson:1963:REA}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Winograd:1967:TRP,
  author =       "S. Winograd",
  title =        "On the Time Required to Perform Multiplication",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "793--802",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Parallel/Multi.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Yarbrough:1967:PCC,
  author =       "Lynn Yarbrough",
  title =        "Precision calculations of $e$ and $\pi$ constants",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "537--537",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:15 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; number base conversion",
  remark =       "Gives decimal, octal, and hexadecimal values of $e$
                 and $\pi$ to 100 digits, and notes ``The difficulty
                 arises because assemblers and compilers are hardly ever
                 designed to convert decimal constants to a precision of
                 more than a dozen or so digits. Thus, if calculations
                 to greater precision are to be done, constants usually
                 must be input in octal or other binary-derived
                 representation.''. Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Atkins:1968:HRD,
  author =       "D. E. Atkins",
  title =        "Higher-radix division using estimates of the divisor
                 and partial remainders",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "925--934",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.226439",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Azen:1968:DMS,
  author =       "S. Azen and S. Derr",
  title =        "On the Distribution of the Most Significant
                 Hexadecimal Digit",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "RM 5496 PR",
  institution =  "Rand Report",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 17:22:53 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Azgapetian:1968:CAP,
  author =       "V. Azgapetian",
  title =        "Comment on {``An Analog Photoresistive Multiplier''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "188--188",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.229083",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 17:40:47 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Massell:1967:RAP}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1687312",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Brennan:1968:FTA,
  author =       "J. F. Brennan",
  title =        "The Fastest Time of Addition and Multiplication",
  journal =      "IBM Research Reports",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:43:37 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dietmeyer:1968:GPI,
  author =       "D. L. Dietmeyer and J. R. Duley",
  title =        "Generating prime implicants via ternary encoding and
                 decimal arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "520--523",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/363397.363565",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 17:25:16 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Decimal arithmetic, ternary encoding of cubes, and
                 topological considerations are used in an algorithm to
                 obtain the extremals and prime implicants of Boolean
                 functions. The algorithm, which has been programmed in
                 the FORTRAN language, generally requires less memory
                 than other minimization procedures, and treats DON'T
                 CARE terms in an efficient manner.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "cubical complexes; extremal; minimization; prime
                 implicants; switching function; ternary encoding",
}

@Book{Fike:1968:CEM,
  author =       "C. T. Fike",
  title =        "Computer Evaluation of Mathematical Functions",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 227",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .F5",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:12:51 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Fraser:1968:AUA,
  author =       "M. Fraser and N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Algorithms in unnormalized arithmetic. {III}. {Matrix}
                 inversion",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "416--428",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "65.80",
  MRnumber =     "MR0255094 (40 \#8301)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  ZMnumber =     "0184.37503",
}

@Article{Harman:1968:ADI,
  author =       "M. G. Harman",
  title =        "An Attempt to Design an Improved Multiplication
                 System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1090--1090",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.226864",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 17:40:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1687268",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{Hart:1968:CA,
  author =       "John F. Hart and E. W. Cheney and Charles L. Lawson
                 and Hans J. Maehly and Charles K. Mesztenyi and John R.
                 Rice and Henry G. {Thatcher, Jr.} and Christoph
                 Witzgall",
  title =        "Computer Approximations",
  publisher =    pub-R-E-KRIEGER,
  address =      pub-R-E-KRIEGER:adr,
  pages =        "x + 343",
  year =         "1968",
  ISBN =         "0-88275-642-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-88275-642-4",
  LCCN =         "QA 297 C64 1978",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 14 22:55:11 1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted 1978 with corrections.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{IBM:1968:ISP,
  author =       "{IBM Corporation}",
  title =        "{IBM System}\slash 360 Principles of Operation",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  edition =      "Eighth",
  pages =        "175",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.I12 I59 1968",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 14 23:12:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Kahan:1968:ISS,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "{7094-II} system support for numerical analysis",
  howpublished = "SHARE Secretarial Distribution SSD-159.",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 16 16:14:28 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kaneko:1968:PSA,
  author =       "T. Kaneko and B. Liu",
  title =        "Round-off error of floating-point digital filters",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1968:PSA",
  pages =        "219--227",
  year =         "1968",
  MRclass =      "65.80",
  MRnumber =     "41\#7878",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Matula:1968:BCT,
  author =       "David W. Matula",
  title =        "The Base Conversion Theorem",
  journal =      j-PROC-AM-MATH-SOC,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "716--723",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "PAMYAR",
  ISSN =         "0002-9939 (print), 1088-6826 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 21 07:26:39 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Matula:1968:IOC,
  author =       "D. W. Matula",
  title =        "In-and-Out Conversions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "47--50",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1968:ANA,
  author =       "N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Algorithms in un-normalized arithmetic: Polynomial
                 evaluation and matrix decomposition",
  journal =      "Colloques internationaux, Centre National de la
                 Recherche Scientifique, Paris",
  volume =       "165",
  pages =        "293--303",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classmath =    "*65H05 (Single nonlinear equations (numerical
                 methods)) 65F05 (Direct methods for linear systems)",
  ZMnumber =     "0207.15804",
}

@Article{Nathan:1968:IVS,
  author =       "A. Nathan and J. Molcho",
  title =        "Improved Voltage Selector and Cascade Multiplier
                 Circuits",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "380--382",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.229386",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 17:40:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1687350",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Nickel:1968:EBC,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IFIP Congress",
  title =        "Error Bounds and Computer Arithmetic",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  pages =        "54--60",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:09:47 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Padegs:1968:SAS,
  author =       "A. Padegs",
  title =        "Structural aspects of the {SYSTEM\slash 360 Model 85},
                 Part {III}: Extensions to floating-point architecture",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--29",
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Phillips:1968:EME,
  author =       "G. M. Phillips",
  title =        "Estimate of the maximum error in best polynomial
                 approximations",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "110--111",
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:39:47 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
  xxnumber =     "(none)",
}

@Article{Rao:1968:ECL,
  author =       "T. R. N. Rao",
  title =        "Error-Checking Logic for Arithmetic-Type Operations of
                 a Processor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "845--849",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.229144",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 17:40:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1687471",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Ross:1968:UMF,
  author =       "Richard D. Ross",
  title =        "{University of Mississippi} floating point subroutines
                 ({UMFS})",
  institution =  "Computer Center, University of Mississippi",
  address =      "University",
  pages =        "31",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic data processing.",
  remark =       "Cover title.",
}

@Article{Sasaki:1968:BIA,
  author =       "A. Sasaki",
  title =        "The Basis for Implementation of Additive Operations in
                 the Residue Number System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1066--1073",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.226466",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 17:40:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1687264;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35582",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A new residue number system algebra has been
                 previously proposed by the author. The algebra has
                 solved an essential theoretical barrier in the residue
                 number system and has enabled one to pursue additive
                 operations in the residue \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Schmookler:1968:HSB,
  author =       "M. S. Schmookler",
  title =        "High Speed Binary to Decimal Conversion",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  pages =        "506--508",
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.226913",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 19:09:15 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This note describes several methods of performing
                 fast, efficient, binary-to-decimal conversion. With a
                 modest amount of circuitry, an order of magnitude speed
                 improvement can is obtained. This achievement offers a
                 unique advantage to general-purpose computers requiring
                 special hardware to translate between binary and
                 decimal numbering systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Book{Scott:1968:OET,
  author =       "Th{\'e}odore G. Scott",
  title =        "Ordinateurs {\'e}lectroniques, techniques de
                 programmation: Computer programming techniques",
  publisher =    "Tournai, Ed. Gamma",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "662",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 09:52:34 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Cinq volumes. Version fran{\c{c}}aise de Juliette
                 Charbonneau-Kohiyama.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  contents =     "1. Pr{\'e}sentation du Tutac. Etude du registre - base
                 et de ses fonctions. Le registre base. - 2. Les sous
                 programmes. L'entr{\'e}e. La sorite. - 3. La bande
                 magn{\'e}tique. La d{\'e}tection des erreurs. - 4. Les
                 calculs en virgule flottante. L'{\'e}dition des
                 programmes. - 5. La programmation symbolique. Le
                 language Cobol. Fortran et Algol",
}

@Manual{Smith:1968:CC,
  author =       "Smith, Robert E. (Robert Elijah)",
  title =        "Competence course",
  organization = "Control Data Corp.",
  address =      "Minneapolis, MN, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 296",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.; FORTRAN (Computer program
                 language)",
  remark =       "``Computer programming using FORTRAN and card inputs
                 without key punching!'' Cover title: Competence course,
                 FORTRAN computer programming. At head of title: School
                 computer-use plan.",
}

@Book{Stuart:1968:FP,
  author =       "Fredric Stuart",
  title =        "{Fortran} programming",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 353",
  year =         "1968",
  ISBN =         "0-471-83477-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-83477-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .S8",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.;
                 {Fortran} (Computer program language)",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}, but given year
                 1969.",
}

@Article{Tung:1968:DAS,
  author =       "Chin Tung",
  title =        "A Division Algorithm for Signed-Digit Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "887--889",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.229150",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 17:40:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1687477",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Urabe:1968:RED,
  author =       "Minoru Urabe",
  title =        "Roundoff Error Distribution in Fixed-Point
                 Multiplication and a Remark about the Rounding Rule",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-NUMER-ANAL,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "202--210",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "SJNAAM",
  ISSN =         "0036-1429 (print), 1095-7170 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1429",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 16 06:57:22 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Vitenko:1968:OAA,
  author =       "{\=I}. V. V{\=\i}ten'{k}o",
  title =        "Optimal algorithms for addition and multiplication on
                 machines with floating point. ({Russian})",
  journal =      "{\v{{}}Z}. Vy{\v{c}}isl. Mat. i Mat. Fiz",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "1076--1084",
  year =         "1968",
  MRnumber =     "40\#2250",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 16 16:45:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "J. Kuntzmann",
}

@TechReport{Yohe:1968:CPA,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "Computer Programming for Accuracy",
  type =         "{MRC} Technical Summary Report",
  number =       "866",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 30 21:42:55 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "In most computations, it is tacitly assumed that the
                 results produced by the program are 'accurate enough'.
                 This assumption is not always valid. In this report, we
                 discuss several possible sources of error in digital
                 computation, and we list several steps which can be
                 taken to guard against some types of error and
                 determine an upper bound for the effects of other
                 types. We illustrate these techniques with our
                 experience in writing a program to locate zeros of the
                 Riemann zeta function.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Babuska:1969:NSM,
  author =       "Ivo Babu{\v{s}}ka",
  title =        "Numerical stability in mathematical analysis",
  crossref =     "Morrell:1969:IPP",
  pages =        "11--23",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 22 05:36:22 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@Article{Banerji:1969:SDR,
  author =       "D. K. Banerji and J. A. Brzozowski",
  title =        "Sign Detection in Residue Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "313--320",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1969.222658;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 16:55:18 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671251;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35034",
  abstract =     "This paper is concerned with the sign detection
                 problem in residue number systems. The proposed
                 solution is applicable only to nonredundant systems. It
                 is shown that under rather general conditions an
                 explicit, closed formula for the sign function can be
                 obtained. In a special case, when one of the moduli is
                 $2$, the sign function becomes an EXCLUSIVE-OR
                 function. A sign detection algorithm is proposed and
                 methods of implementing the algorithm are presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
}

@Article{Brown:1969:CB,
  author =       "W. S. Brown and P. L. Richman",
  title =        "The Choice of Base",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "560--561",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "43\#5755",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 24 21:38:51 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A digital computer is considered, whose memory words
                 are composed of $N$ $r$-state devices plus two sign
                 bits (two state devices). The choice of base $\beta$
                 for the internal representation floating-point numbers
                 on such a computer is discussed. It is shown that in a
                 certain sense $\beta = r$ is best.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Bell Telephone Labs. Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  keywords =     "accuracy; base choice; digital arithmetic;
                 floating-point; number representations",
}

@InProceedings{Clark:1969:SCE,
  author =       "N. W. Clark and W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Self-contained exponentiation",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1969:ACPb",
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "701--706",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Cody:1969:PTF,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Performance testing of function subroutines",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1969:ACPa",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "759--763",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Duke:1969:DFP,
  author =       "K. A. Duke",
  title =        "Decimal Floating Point Processor",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "11-69",
  pages =        "862--862",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:29:48 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "Decimal arithmetic with unnormalized binary integers
                 of unspecified length for coefficient and exponent.",
}

@MastersThesis{Duncan:1969:FFA,
  author =       "Daniel D. A. Duncan",
  title =        "{FLOP}: a floating-point arithmetic package",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Southwestern Louisiana",
  address =      "Lafayette, LA, USA",
  pages =        "108",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algorithms.; Arithmetic --- Foundations.; FLOP
                 (Computer program language).; Transformations
                 (Mathematics).",
}

@Article{Dunworth:1969:ECB,
  author =       "A. Dunworth and J. I. Roche",
  title =        "The Error Characteristics of the Binary Rate
                 Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-18",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "741--745",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1969.222757",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 16:55:20 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671350",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Ehrman:1969:SFP,
  author =       "J. R. Ehrman",
  title =        "A Study of Floating-Point Conversions in Some
                 {OS\slash 360} Components",
  number =       "SDD 196, C5207",
  institution =  "SHARE Secretary Distribution",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "1--6",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 18:50:19 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fenwick:1969:BMO,
  author =       "P. M. Fenwick",
  title =        "Binary Multiplication with Overlapped Addition
                 Cycles",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--74",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1969.222527",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 16:55:17 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671120",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Ferrari:1969:CDM,
  author =       "D. Ferrari",
  title =        "Correction to {``A Division Method Using a Parallel
                 Multiplier''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-18",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "960--960",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1969.222555",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 16:55:21 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Ferrari:1967:DMU}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671148",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Field:1969:OFP,
  author =       "J. A. Field",
  title =        "Optimizing floating-point arithmetic via post addition
                 shift probabilities",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1969:ACPa",
  pages =        "597--??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 09 07:54:02 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Froberg:1969:INA,
  author =       "Carl Erik Fr{\"o}berg",
  title =        "Introduction to numerical analysis",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xii + 433",
  year =         "1969",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .F6813 1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Translation of Swedish original {\em L{\"a}robok i
                 numerisk analys}. Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis",
}

@Article{Hammersley:1969:NAP,
  author =       "P. Hammersley",
  title =        "Note on {Algorithm 34}: Procedures for the Basic
                 Arithmetical Operations in Multi-Length Working",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--103",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:51:33 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_01/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_01/tiff/102.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_01/tiff/103.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holzwarth:1969:VBB,
  author =       "A. Holzwarth",
  title =        "{Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung bester
                 Tscheb\-y\-scheff- Ap\-prox\-i\-ma\-tion\-en der
                 Quadratwurzelfunktion} \toenglish {A Method for
                 Determination of Best Chebyshev Approximations to the
                 Square Root Function} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "168--177",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  affiliation =  "T{\"u}bingen, West Germany",
  classification = "C4130",
  description =  "Chebyshev approximation; numerical analysis",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Howell:1969:ASLa,
  author =       "Jo Ann Howell and Robert T. Gregory",
  title =        "An algorithm for solving linear algebraic equations
                 using residue arithmetic. {I}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "200--224",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.35",
  MRnumber =     "MR0261775 (41 \#6388a)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:15 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Howell:1969:ASLb,
  author =       "Jo Ann Howell and Robert T. Gregory",
  title =        "An algorithm for solving linear algebraic equations
                 using residue arithmetic. {II}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "324--337",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.35",
  MRnumber =     "MR0261776 (41 \#6388b)",
  MRreviewer =   "J. Legras",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:18 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Huey:1969:DFP,
  author =       "Ben Milton Huey",
  title =        "Design of a floating point processor for the {PDP-9}
                 computer",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S. - Electrical Engineering})",
  school =       "University of Arizona",
  address =      "Tucson, AZ, USA",
  pages =        "175",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer storage devices.; Hybrid computers.",
}

@Article{Huttenhoff:1969:AUC,
  author =       "J. H. Huttenhoff and R. R. Shively",
  title =        "Arithmetic Unit of a Computing Element in a Global,
                 Highly Parallel Computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-18",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "695--698",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1969.222751",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 16:55:20 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671344",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{King:1969:LEN,
  author =       "Richard F. King and David L. Phillips",
  title =        "The Logarithmic Error and {Newton}'s Method for the
                 Square Root",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "87--88",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.50",
  MRnumber =     "44\#2333",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:24 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4120 (Functional analysis)",
  corpsource =   "Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA",
  keywords =     "$\sqrt(x)$; elementary functions; function evaluation;
                 iterative methods",
}

@MastersThesis{Knight:1969:FPS,
  author =       "Douglas Wayne Knight",
  title =        "A floating point software package in {BCD} format for
                 small, fixed word length, digital computers",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Arizona State University, Electrical Engineering",
  address =      "Tempe, AZ, USA",
  pages =        "151",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Knuth:1969:SA,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "Seminumerical Algorithms",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 624",
  year =         "1969",
  ISBN =         "0-201-03802-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-03802-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .K57",
  MRclass =      "68.00 (65.00)",
  MRnumber =     "44 #3531",
  MRreviewer =   "M. Muller",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 22 18:03:29 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  price =        "US\$19.75",
  series =       "The Art of Computer Programming",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Linhardt:1969:DDT,
  author =       "R. J. Linhardt and H. S. Miller",
  title =        "Digit-by-Digit Transcendental-Function Computation",
  journal =      j-RCA-REV,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "209--247",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "RCARCI",
  ISSN =         "0033-6831",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:31:06 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Liu:1969:EAD,
  author =       "B. Liu and T. Kaneko",
  title =        "Error analysis of digital filters realized with
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1735--1747",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:52 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Liu:1970:CEA}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "This paper calculates the error at the output of a
                 digital filter using floating-point arithmetic
                 operations due to roundoff accumulation and input
                 quantization. Expressions are derived for the mean
                 square error for each of the three canonical forms
                 \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1969:TAM,
  author =       "David W. Matula",
  title =        "Towards an Abstract Mathematical Theory of
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1969:ACPa",
  pages =        "765--772",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 19 23:01:32 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Posnov:1969:FPR,
  author =       "N. N. Posnov and M. K. Buza and V. K. Kravcov",
  title =        "The floating point in a residue class number system.
                 ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Vestnik Beloruss. Gos. Univ. Ser. I",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "21--27",
  year =         "1969",
  MRclass =      "10A10",
  MRnumber =     "45 3303e",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "J. B. Roberts",
}

@Book{Rice:1969:AFV,
  author =       "John R. Rice",
  title =        "The Approximation of Functions",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1969",
  LCCN =         "QA221 .R5 V.1-2",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:02:54 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Rigby:1969:DFP,
  author =       "G. W. Rigby",
  title =        "To draw a floating point number on the graph
                 plotter({PRP 2})",
  type =         "Group Research report",
  institution =  "British Steel Corporation",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:32:48 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rosen:1969:ECH,
  author =       "Saul Rosen",
  title =        "Electronic Computers: {A} Historical Survey",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--36",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/356540.356543",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 19 18:18:44 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The first large scale electronic computers were built
                 in connection with university projects sponsored by
                 government military and research organizations. Many
                 established companies, as well as new companies,
                 entered the computer field during the first generation,
                 1947-1959, in which the vacuum tube was almost
                 universally used as the active component in the
                 implementation of computer logic. The second generation
                 was characterized by the transistorized computers that
                 began to appear in 1959. Some of the computers built
                 then and since are considered super computers; they
                 attempt to go to the limit of current technology in
                 terms of size, speed, and logical complexity. From 1965
                 onward, most new computers belong to a third
                 generation, which features integrated circuit
                 technology and multiprocessor multiprogramming
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer history; electronic computers; magnetic drum
                 computers; super computers; time-sharing;
                 transistorized computers; university computer projects;
                 vacuum tube computers",
}

@Article{S:1969:BRQ,
  author =       "D. S.",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\em Square Roots of Integers $2$ to
                 $15$ in Various Bases $2$ to $10$: $88062$ Binary
                 Digits or Equivalent} by W. A. Beyer, N. Metropolis,
                 and J. R. Neergaard}",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "107",
  pages =        "679--679",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 13:34:21 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-5718%28196907%2923%3A107%3C679%3ASROI2T%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shea:1969:NDN,
  author =       "Dale D. Shea",
  title =        "On the Number of Divisions Needed in Finding the
                 Greatest Common Divisor",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "337--340",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 18:05:19 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/7-4.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/7-4/shea.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@Article{Sterbenz:1969:OSA,
  author =       "P. H. Sterbenz and C. T. Fike",
  title =        "Optimal Starting Approximations for {Newton}'s
                 Method",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "106",
  pages =        "313--318",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Svoboda:1969:DAS,
  author =       "A. Svoboda",
  title =        "Decimal Adder with Signed Digit Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "212--215",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1969.222633",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 24 20:44:42 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Turner:1969:CSI,
  author =       "L. Richard Turner",
  title =        "Comment on Some {IBM} Software",
  journal =      "{SHARE Secretary Distribution}",
  volume =       "SSD 199",
  number =       "C5279",
  pages =        "40--43",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:23:55 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Turner:1969:DSC,
  author =       "L. Richard Turner",
  title =        "Difficulty in {\tt sin}/{\tt cos} Routine",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13--13",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 15 15:23:23 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@TechReport{Turner:1969:IOC,
  author =       "L. R. Turner",
  title =        "Input-Output Conversion in {System\slash 360}",
  number =       "SSD 194, C5173",
  institution =  "SHARE Secretary Distribution",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "1--8",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 15 15:21:42 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Usow:1969:SSC,
  author =       "Karl H. Usow",
  title =        "{SIGNUM} subroutine certification committee",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--18",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 5 17:26:29 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Weinstein:1969:CCR,
  author =       "C. Weinstein and A. V. Oppenheim",
  title =        "Correction to {``A comparison of roundoff noise in
                 floating point and fixed point digital filter
                 realizations''}",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1466--1466",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:52 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Weinstein:1969:CRN}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weinstein:1969:CRN,
  author =       "C. Weinstein and A. V. Oppenheim",
  title =        "A comparison of roundoff noise in floating point and
                 fixed point digital filter realizations",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1181--1183",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:52 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Weinstein:1969:CCR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "A statistical model for roundoff noise in floating
                 point digital filters, proposed by Kaneko and Liu, is
                 tested experimentally for first- and second-order
                 digital filters. Good agreement between theory and
                 experiment is obtained. The model is used to \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Weinstein:1969:RNF,
  author =       "C. Weinstein",
  title =        "Roundoff noise in floating point fast {Fourier}
                 transform computation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUDIO-ELECTROACOUST,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "209--215",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITADAS",
  ISSN =         "0018-9278",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "A statistical model for roundoff errors is used to
                 predict output noise-to-signal ratio when a fast
                 Fourier transform is computed using floating point
                 arithmetic. The result, derived for the case of white
                 input signal, is that the ratio of mean-square
                 \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Whipple:1969:CHR,
  author =       "W. L. Whipple",
  title =        "Comments on {``Higher-Radix Division Using Estimates
                 of the Divisor and Partial Remainders''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "183--183",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1969.222623",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 16:55:18 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Atkins:1968:HRD}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671216",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Young:1969:SCN,
  author =       "David M. Young and Alvis E. McDonald",
  title =        "On the surveillance and control of number range and
                 accuracy in numerical computation (with discussion)",
  crossref =     "Morrell:1970:IPP",
  pages =        "145--152",
  year =         "1969",
  MRclass =      "65.80",
  MRnumber =     "40\#8303",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 18 13:48:21 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/y/young-david-m.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}, but given year
                 1968.",
}

@Article{Atkins:1970:DAU,
  author =       "D. E. Atkins",
  title =        "Design of the Arithmetic Units of {ILLIAC III}: Use of
                 Redundancy and Higher Radix Methods",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "720--723",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223022",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 09 19:03:30 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Atkins.pdf",
  abstract =     "In keeping with the experimental nature of the
                 Illinois Pattern Recognition Computer (ILLIAC III), the
                 arithmetic units are intended to be a practical testing
                 ground for recent theoretical work in computer
                 arithmetic. This paper describes the use of redundant
                 number systems and the design of a structure with which
                 multiplication and division are executed radix 256. The
                 heart of the unit is the stored-sign subtracter, a
                 recently discovered member of the family of borrow-save
                 subtracters and carry-save adders. A cascade of these
                 subtracters, controlled by a multiplier recoder,
                 provides multiplication. The same structure, controlled
                 by a ``model division'' (a quotient recoder), performs
                 division.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "arithmetic unit; computer arithmetic; division; higher
                 radix arithmetic; ILLIAC III; multiplication; redundant
                 number systems; signed-digit subtracter; stored-sign
                 subtracter; stored-sign subtracter. Arithmetic unit",
  remark =       "Despite statements elsewhere that the ILLIAC III used
                 base 256, that is incorrect. The original manuals for
                 the machine clearly show an IBM System/360-style
                 base-16 encoding. This paper reveals the source of the
                 confusion: the multiplier uses a Wallace recoding
                 scheme, first defined for radix 4, but extended for the
                 ILLIAC III to radix 256. Thus, multiplication is done 8
                 bits at a time. Division is done 4 bits at a time.",
}

@Article{Avizienis:1970:UAB,
  author =       "Algirdas Avi{\v{z}}ienis and Chin Tung",
  title =        "A Universal Arithmetic Building Element ({ABE}) and
                 Design Methods for Arithmetic Processors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "733--745",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223023",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Avizienis.pdf",
  abstract =     "The advent of large-scale integration of logic
                 circuits requires the definition of digital computer
                 structure in terms of large functional arrays of logic
                 of very few types. This paper describes a
                 single-package arithmetic processor called the
                 arithmetic building element (ABE). The ABE accepts
                 operands in either conventional or signed-digit radix-r
                 representation and produces signed-digit results, which
                 the ABE can reconvert to conventional form. Radix 16 is
                 chosen for illustrations. Arrays of ABE's may be
                 arranged to implement unit-time parallel addition,
                 all-combinational multiplication, and more complex
                 functions which are presently computed by subroutines.
                 To facilitate such arithmetic design, a graph model is
                 developed which permits a translation of the given
                 arithmetical algorithm into an interconnection diagram
                 of ABE's. The design procedure is illustrated by an
                 array for polynomial evaluation. Speed, cost, and
                 roundoff error of the array are considered. A computer
                 program has been written for the automatic translation
                 of the algorithm graph to an interconnection graph, and
                 for the evaluation of the cost and speed for a given
                 polynomial degree and a given precision requirement.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1",
}

@Article{Behringer:1970:BFI,
  author =       "F. A. Behringer",
  title =        "{Eine bedingte Form der Integral-Ungleichun von
                 Gronwal, leichte Verallgemeinerung eins
                 Stabilit{\"a}tsatzes von Perron und {\"u}berlauffreie
                 Skalierung von Analogrechenschaltungen}. ({German})
                 [{A} conditional version of the integral inequality of
                 {Gronwall}, a slight generalization of a stability
                 theorem of {Perron}, and overflow-free scaling of
                 analogue computer set-ups]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "333--348",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tech. Hochschule, M{\"u}nchen, West Germany",
  classification = "C5460",
  description =  "analogue computer methods; differential equations",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Beyer:1970:GST,
  author =       "W. A. Beyer and N. Metropolis and J. R. Neergaard",
  title =        "The Generalized Serial Test Applied to Expansions of
                 Some Irrational Square Roots in Various Bases",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "111",
  pages =        "745--747",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.15",
  MRnumber =     "MR0273773 (42 \#8649)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-5718%28197007%2924%3A111%3C745%3ATGSTAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  ZMnumber =     "0227.10044",
}

@Article{Beyer:1970:SSD,
  author =       "W. A. Beyer and N. Metropolis and J. R. Neergaard",
  title =        "Statistical Study of Digits of Some Square Roots of
                 Integers in Various Bases",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "110",
  pages =        "455--473",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "62.70",
  MRnumber =     "MR0272129 (42 \#7010)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-5718%28197004%2924%3A110%3C455%3ASSODOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZMnumber =     "0208.19505",
}

@Article{Brent:1970:ABN,
  author =       "R. Brent",
  title =        "On the Addition of Binary Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "758--759",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223027",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Brent.pdf",
  abstract =     "An upper bound is derived for the time required to add
                 numbers modulo $2^n$, using circuit elements with a
                 limited fan-in and unit delay, and assuming that all
                 numbers have the usual binary encoding. The upper bound
                 is within a factor $(1 + \epsilon)$ of Winograd's lower
                 bound (which holds for all encodings), where $\epsilon
                 \rightarrow 0$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$, and only $O(n
                 \log n)$ circuit elements are required.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "addition; ARITH-1; binary numbers; computational
                 complexity; group multiplication; logic circuits;
                 logical design",
}

@TechReport{deLugish:1970:CAA,
  author =       "B. G. de Lugish",
  title =        "A Class of Algorithms for Automatic Evaluation of
                 Certain Elementary Function in a Binary Computer",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "399",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Illinois",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 02 22:49:20 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Flynn:1970:DFI,
  author =       "M. J. Flynn",
  title =        "On Division by Functional Iteration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "702--706",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223019",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Swartzlander:1990:CAa}.",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Flynn.pdf",
  abstract =     "In order to avoid the time delays associated with
                 linearly convergent division based on subtraction,
                 other iterative schemes can be used. These are based on
                 (1) series expansion of the reciprocal, (2)
                 multiplicative sequence, or (3) additive sequence
                 convergent to the quotient. These latter techniques are
                 based on finding the root of an arbitrary function at
                 either the quotient or reciprocal value. A
                 Newton--Raphson iteration or root finding iteration can
                 be used.

                 The most useful techniques are quadratically convergent
                 (i.e., $\mathrm{error}_{i+1} =
                 O((\mathrm{error}_i)^2)$). These techniques generally
                 require two arithmetic operations (add or multiply) to
                 double the precision of the quotient.",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1",
}

@Article{Forsythe:1970:PCW,
  author =       "George E. Forsythe",
  title =        "Pitfalls in Computation, or Why a Math Book Isn't
                 Enough",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "931--956",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  MRclass =      "Contributed Item",
  MRnumber =     "MR1536090",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 22 09:08:17 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classmath =    "*65G50 Roundoff error 65Y20 Complexity and performance
                 of numerical algorithms",
  fjournal =     "The American Mathematical Monthly",
  ZMnumber =     "0207.15401",
}

@TechReport{Gardiner:1970:SDA,
  author =       "V. Gardiner and N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Significant Digit Arithmetic on a {CDC 6600}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "LA--4470",
  institution =  inst-LASL,
  address =      inst-LASL:adr,
  pages =        "4",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 11:46:17 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4093265&query_id=0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Good:1970:CIA,
  author =       "Donald I. Good and Ralph L. London",
  title =        "Computer Interval Arithmetic: Definition and Proof of
                 Correct Implementation",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "603--612",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 6 11:55:54 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Habibi:1970:FM,
  author =       "A. Habibi and P. A. Wintz",
  title =        "Fast Multipliers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "153--157",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.222881",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 08:01:30 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671474",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Hamming:1970:DN,
  author =       "R. W. Hamming",
  title =        "On the Distribution of Numbers",
  journal =      j-BELL-SYST-TECH-J,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1609--1625",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BSTJAN",
  ISSN =         "0005-8580",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 9 11:15:55 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://bstj.bell-labs.com/oldfiles/year.1970/BSTJ.1970.4908.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://bstj.bell-labs.com/BSTJ/images/Vol49/bstj49-8-1609.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper examines the distribution of the mantissas
                 of floating-point numbers and shows how the arithmetic
                 operations of a computer transform various
                 distributions toward the limiting distribution $$r(x) =
                 1/(x \ln b) \qquad (1/b \leq x \leq 1)$$ (where $b$ is
                 the base of the number system). The paper also gives a
                 number of applications to hardware, software, and
                 general computing which show that this distribution is
                 not merely an amusing curiosity. A brief examination of
                 the distribution of exponents is include.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Bell System Technical Journal",
}

@Article{Hansen:1970:APN,
  author =       "Rodney T. Hansen",
  title =        "Arithmetic of Pentagonal Numbers",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--86",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 18:05:23 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/8-1.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/8-1/hansen.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@Article{Harris:1970:NND,
  author =       "V. C. Harris",
  title =        "Note on the Number of Divisions Required in Finding
                 the Greatest Common Divisor",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "104--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 18:05:23 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/8-1.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/8-1/harris2.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@MastersThesis{Harvey:1970:SSP,
  author =       "Michael P. Harvey",
  title =        "A system study and problem solution in polynomial
                 evaluation",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "California State College",
  address =      "Long Beach, CA, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 119",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers.; Numerical
                 calculations.; Polynomials.",
  remark =       "Title on spine: Automated floating point polynomial
                 evaluation.",
}

@TechReport{Hillstrom:1970:PSF,
  author =       "K. E. Hillstrom",
  title =        "Performance Statistics for the {FORTRAN IV (H)} and
                 {PL/I} (Version 5) Libraries in the {IBM OS\slash 360
                 Release 18}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "ANL-7666",
  institution =  inst-ANL,
  address =      inst-ANL:adr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:29:37 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Hornbuckle:1970:LMA,
  author =       "G. D. Hornbuckle and E. I. Ancona",
  title =        "The {LX-1} Microprocessor and Its Application to
                 Real-Time Signal Processing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "710--720",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223021",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Hornbuckle.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1",
}

@Article{Howell:1970:SLE,
  author =       "Jo Ann Howell and Robert T. Gregory",
  title =        "Solving linear equations using residue arithmetic ---
                 {Algorithm II}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "23--37",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.35",
  MRnumber =     "MR0261777 (41 \#6389)",
  MRreviewer =   "J. Legras",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:19 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kailas:1970:AMC,
  author =       "M. V. Kailas",
  title =        "Another method of converting from hexadecimal to
                 decimal",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "193--193",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "There is a simple paper-and-pencil method of
                 converting a hexadecimal number N to decimal.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  keywords =     "digital arithmetic",
}

@Article{Knuth:1970:VNF,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "{Von Neumann}'s First Computer Program",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "247--260",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/356580.356581",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 23 15:03:00 2002",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/compsurv.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACMCS.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Aspray:1987:PJN}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1970:OIS,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "On Optimal Iterative Schemes For High-Speed Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "227--231",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.222901",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 08 23:09:36 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1970:RTT,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "On Range-Transformation Techniques for Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "157--160",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.222882",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 08:01:30 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671475",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Ling:1970:HSC,
  author =       "H. Ling",
  title =        "High-Speed Computer Multiplication Using a
                 Multiple-Bit Decoding Algorithm",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "706--709",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223020",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Ling.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a method of performing the binary
                 multiplication beyond the scheme of multiple ADD and
                 SHIFT. The binary multiplication algorithm will be
                 discussed first, followed by block decoding method,
                 logic implementation, hardware consideration, and two
                 examples which are at the end of the discussion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1",
}

@Article{Linz:1970:AFP,
  author =       "Peter Linz",
  title =        "Accurate Floating-Point Summation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "361--362",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.25",
  MRnumber =     "44\#3468",
  MRreviewer =   "R. P. Brent",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip and
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Distributed/QLD/1970.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an alternate method for summing a
                 set of floating-point numbers. Comparison of the error
                 bound for this method with that of the standard
                 summation method shows that it is considerably less
                 sensitive to propagation of round-off error.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "New York Univ., NY, USA",
  descriptors =  "Simulation; statistics; numeric calculation;",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; computers, data
                 processing; digital arithmetic; floating point
                 arithmetic; floating-point addition; mathematics;
                 numerical methods; round-off error; round-off errors;
                 round-off propagation; summation",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Liu:1970:CEA,
  author =       "B. Liu and T. Kaneko",
  title =        "Correction to {``Error analysis of digital filters
                 realized with floating-point arithmetic''}",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "376--376",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:52 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Liu:1969:EAD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Long:1970:LAS,
  author =       "C. T. Long and J. H. Jordan",
  title =        "A Limited Arithmetic on Simple Continued Fractions ---
                 {II}",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "135--157",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 18:05:25 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/8-2.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/8-2/long.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1970:AFA,
  author =       "Michael Malcolm",
  title =        "An algorithm for floating-point accumulation of sums
                 with small relative error",
  number =       "STAN-CS-70-163",
  institution =  "Computer Science Department, Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "21",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; Algorithms.;
                 FORTRAN (Computer program language); Numerical
                 calculations --- Computer programs.",
  remark =       "Reproduced by National Technical Information Service.
                 AD 708 691.",
}

@MastersThesis{Marasa:1970:AAE,
  author =       "John D. Marasa",
  title =        "Accumulated arithmetic error in floating-point and
                 alternative logarithmic number systems",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Washington University, Sever Institute of Technology,
                 Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science",
  address =      "St. Louis, MO, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 88",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Programming (Mathematics)",
}

@Article{Matula:1970:FFP,
  author =       "D. W. Matula",
  title =        "A Formalization of Floating-Point Numeric Base
                 Conversion",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "681--692",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223017",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 08:01:35 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671610;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Matula.pdf",
  abstract =     "The process of converting arbitrary real numbers into
                 a floating-point format is formalized as a mapping of
                 the reals into a specified subset of real numbers. The
                 structure of this subset, the set of $n$ significant
                 digit base $b$ floating-point numbers, is analyzed and
                 properties of conversion mappings are determined. For a
                 restricted conversion mapping of the $n$ significant
                 digit base $b$ numbers to the $m$ significant-digit
                 base $d$ numbers, the one-to-one, onto, and
                 order-preserving properties of the mapping are
                 summarized. Multiple conversions consisting of a
                 composition of individual conversion mappings are
                 investigated and some results of the invariant points
                 of such compound conversions are presented. The
                 hardware and software implications of these results
                 with regard to establishing goals and standards for
                 floating-point formats and conversion procedures are
                 considered.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1",
}

@Article{Nickel:1970:KBS,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{Das Kahan-Babu{\v{s}}kasche Summierungsverfahren in
                 Triplex-ALGOL 60}. ({German}) [{The
                 Kahan-Babu{\v{s}}ka} summation method in {Triplex-ALGOL
                 60}]",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH,
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "369--373",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ZAMMAX",
  ISSN =         "0044-2267",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 06:12:04 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@Article{Ninomiya:1970:BRS,
  author =       "Ichizo Ninomiya",
  title =        "Best Rational Starting Approximations and Improved
                 {Newton} Iteration for the Square Root",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "110",
  pages =        "391--404",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation)",
  corpsource =   "Nagoya Univ., Chikua ku, Japan",
  keywords =     "computing procedure; function approximation; iterative
                 methods; Newton iteration; rational approximation;
                 square root",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Oppenheim:1970:RDF,
  author =       "A. Oppenheim",
  title =        "Realization of digital filters using
                 block-floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUDIO-ELECTROACOUST,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "130--136",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITADAS",
  ISSN =         "0018-9278",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:52 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Recently, statistical models for the effects of
                 roundoff noise in fixed-point and floating-point
                 realizations of digital filters have been proposed and
                 verified, and a comparison between these realizations
                 presented. In this paper a structure for \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Phillips:1970:GLE,
  author =       "David L. Phillips",
  title =        "Generalized Logarithmic Error and {Newton}'s Method
                 for the $m$th Root",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "110",
  pages =        "383--389",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rao:1970:BEC,
  author =       "T. R. N. Rao",
  title =        "Biresidue Error-Correcting Codes for Computer
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "398--402",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.222937",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 08:01:32 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671530",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Rao:1970:BLR,
  author =       "T. R. N. Rao and A. K. Trehan",
  title =        "Binary Logic for Residue Arithmetic Using Magnitude
                 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "752--757",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223026",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Rao.pdf",
  abstract =     "We consider a residue number system using n pairwise
                 relatively prime moduli $m_1, \ldots{}, m_n$ to
                 represent any integer $X$ in the range $M/2 \leq X >
                 M/2$, when $M = \prod m_i$. The moduli $m_i$ are chosen
                 to be of the $2-1$ type, in order that the residue
                 arithmetic can be implemented by means of binary
                 registers and binary logic. Further, for each residue
                 number $X$, a magnitude index $P_x$ is maintained for
                 all arithmetic operations. We investigate the
                 properties of such a system and derive the addition,
                 subtraction, multiplication, sign determination, and
                 overflow detection algorithms. The proposed
                 organization is found to improve the operation times
                 for sign detection and overflow detection operations,
                 while rendering multiplication to be a difficult
                 operation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1; base extension; index generation logic;
                 magnitude index; modular adders; naturalized form;
                 overflow detection; residue multiplication; residue
                 number system; scale by 2; sign determination",
}

@Article{Robertson:1970:CBM,
  author =       "J. E. Robertson",
  title =        "The Correspondence Between Methods of Digital Division
                 and Multiplier Recoding Procedures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "692--701",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223018",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Robertson.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper relates previous analyses of the binary SRT
                 division to the theory of multiplier recoding. Since
                 each binary quotient digit has three possible values,
                 the quotient resulting from the SRT division is in
                 recoded form; in this paper it is shown that the
                 recoding is a function of the divisor, and the method
                 for determining the characteristic Boolean function of
                 the recoding is presented. The relationship between the
                 division and the recoding is established by scaling the
                 division in such a way that the scaled ``visor''
                 becomes a constant. Higher radix results are also
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1",
}

@TechReport{Rothmaier:1970:BQN,
  author =       "B. Rothmaier",
  title =        "{Die Berechnung der Quadratwurzel nebst Schranken auf
                 Dualmaschinen} \toenglish {The Computation of the
                 Square Root together with [Interval] Bounds on Binary
                 Machines} \endtoenglish",
  type =         "{Interner Bericht}",
  number =       "Nr. 70/17",
  institution =  "Institut f{\"u}r Informatik, Universit{\"a}t
                 Karlsruhe",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Rothmaier:1970:DSB,
  author =       "B. Rothmaier",
  title =        "{Dokumentation der Standardfunktionen des
                 Betriebssystems {Hydra X8}} \toenglish {Documentation}
                 of the Elementary Functions of the Operating System
                 {Hydra X8} \endtoenglish",
  type =         "{Interner Bericht}",
  number =       "Nr. 70/8",
  institution =  "Institut f{\"u}r Informatik, Universit{\"a}t
                 Karlsruhe",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Shively:1970:PFI,
  author =       "Richard R. Shively",
  title =        "Preface: {First IEEE Conference on Computer
                 Arithmetic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 16, 1969}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "679--680",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223016",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671609;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_contents.pdf;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Shively.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1",
}

@Article{Sikdar:1970:DMM,
  author =       "K. Sikdar",
  title =        "Determination of Multipliers Mapping an Arbitrary
                 Integer into a Range of Certain Type",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1221--1222",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.222863",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 08:01:39 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671456",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Svoboda:1970:ADC,
  author =       "A. Svoboda",
  title =        "Adder With Distributed Control",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "749--751",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223025",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Svoboda.pdf",
  abstract =     "An adder is described for addition of a large number
                 of binary numbers $x_j, j = 1, 2, \ldots{}, m$, where
                 $x_j = \sum_i x_{j,i} 2^i, x_{j,i} = 0, 1, i = 0, 1,
                 \ldots{}, n-1$. The adder's algorithm has two parts:
                 (1) the bits $x_{j,i} $ are added independently for
                 each binary order $i:s_i = \sum_j x_{j,i} \leq m$ and
                 the result expressed in the binary form $s_i = \sum_k
                 a_{i,k} 2^k, a_{i,k} = 0, 1, k = 0, 1, \ldots{}, p-1$
                 (where $2^{p-1} \leq m < 2^p$); (2) the sum $y = \sum_j
                 x_j$ is formed by adding terms $s_{i,k} {2^{i+k}}$ as
                 contributions of the bit $s_{i,k}$ to the total $y$. A
                 hardware implementation of this algorithm is suggested
                 where the sum $s_i$ is obtained by a sequential circuit
                 which reorders the values $x_{j,i}'$ so that their sum
                 $s_i$, remains unchanged and so that after the
                 reordering the new values $x_{j,i}'$ obey the
                 conditions $x_{j+1,i} \leq x_{j,i}$ for every $j = 1,
                 2, \ldots{}, m-1$. The implementation with integrated
                 circuits should be quite rewarding because the control
                 of the circuit is done with independent control
                 elements distributed all over the chip.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "adder; adder for large number of numbers; ARITH-1;
                 distributed control; reordering",
}

@Article{Taub:1970:ECS,
  author =       "D. M. Taub and C. E. Owen and B. P. Day",
  title =        "Experimental Computer for Schools",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEE",
  volume =       "117",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "303--312",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 19:30:38 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The computer is a small desk-top machine designed for
                 teaching schoolchildren how computers work. It works in
                 decimal notation and has a powerful instruction set
                 which includes 3-address floating-point instructions
                 implemented as `extracode' subroutines. Addressing can
                 be absolute, relative or indirect. For input it uses a
                 capacitive touch keyboard, and for output and display a
                 perfectly normal TV receiver is used. Another
                 input/output device is an ordinary domestic tape
                 recorder, used mainly for long term storage of
                 programs. To make the operation of the machine easy to
                 follow, it can be made to stop at certain stages in the
                 processing of an instruction and automaticaly display
                 the contents of all registers and storage locations
                 relevant at that time. The paper gives a description of
                 the machine and a discussion of the factors that hav
                 influenced its design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "IBM Schools computer with scaled integer format, six
                 decimal digits and exponent range of $[-6,0]$.",
}

@Book{Thornton:1970:DCC,
  author =       "James E. Thornton",
  title =        "Design of a computer: the {Control Data} 6600",
  publisher =    pub-SF,
  address =      pub-SF:adr,
  pages =        "181",
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "TK7889.C6 T5 1970",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 14 22:45:51 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tienari:1970:SMR,
  author =       "Martti Tienari",
  title =        "A Statistical Model of Roundoff Error for Varying
                 Length Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "355--365",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01934204",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "68.00 (65.00)",
  MRnumber =     "42\#7108",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=3&spage=355",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
  reviewer =     "R. W. Hamming",
}

@Article{Tung:1970:SDD,
  author =       "Chin Tung",
  title =        "Signed-Digit Division Using Combinational Arithmetic
                 Nets",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "746--748",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.223024",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 07:59:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith1/papers/ARITH1_Tung.pdf",
  abstract =     "To meet the challenge created by the advent of large-
                 scale integration, a unique microelectronic arithmetic
                 building element and combinational arithmetic nets,
                 composed of the building elements, have been studied
                 and proposed for arithmetic processor design. A fast
                 division algorithm, particularly suitable for floating-
                 point arithmetic, has also been developed for
                 signed-digit arithmetic. This algorithm is
                 characterized by the need of preprocessing the divisor
                 and then exact generation of quotient digits. This
                 paper describes the implementation of this division
                 algorithm with the arithmetic building element and
                 combinational arithmetic nets. The intention here is to
                 explore the feasibility of applying large-scale
                 integration technology to arithmetic processors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-1; arithmetic building element; combinational
                 arithmetic net; division; large-scale integration;
                 microelectronic block; signed-digit number system",
}

@Article{Usow:1970:CB,
  author =       "K. H. Usow",
  title =        "Certification Bibliography",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:26:49 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Waksman:1970:WAI,
  author =       "A. Waksman",
  title =        "On {Winograd}'s Algorithm for Inner Products",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "360--361",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1970.222926",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 09 18:54:12 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This correspondence demonstrates an improvement on
                 Winograd's algorithm for inner products as applied to
                 the multiplication of two matrices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "fast matrix multiplication; product of matrices;
                 sufficient number of arithmetical operations",
}

@Article{Wilson:1970:OSA,
  author =       "M. Wayne Wilson",
  title =        "Optimal Starting Approximations for Generating Square
                 Root for Slow or No Divide",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "559--560",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65.50",
  MRnumber =     "44\#2338",
  MRreviewer =   "J. E. {Dennis, Jr.}",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:43 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "On computing machines with slow or no division, it is
                 preferable to use an iterative scheme for the square
                 root different from the classical Heron scheme. The
                 problem of optimal initial approximants is considered,
                 and some optimal polynomial initial approximations are
                 tabulated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "IBM, Houston, TX, USA",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "CACMA; digital arithmetic; ele; iterative methods;
                 mathematics; numerical methods; optimisation",
}

@TechReport{Yohe:1970:ACB,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "Accurate Conversion Between Number Bases",
  type =         "{MRC} Technical Summary Report",
  number =       "1109",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 30 21:39:41 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The author presents and proves algorithms for taking a
                 number expressed in base gamma and finding, for a
                 predetermined floating point representation in base
                 beta, its least upper bound, greatest lower bound, and
                 closest approximation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Yohe:1970:BPF,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "Best possible floating point arithmetic",
  type =         "{MRC} Technical Summary Report",
  number =       "1054",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 27",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The report presents an algorithm for floating point
                 arithmetic, using single-length arithmetic registers,
                 which yields the most accurate approximation which can
                 be expressed in the given floating point format, the
                 greatest lower bound, or the least upper bound for the
                 result of the operation, whichever is specified by the
                 programmer. This makes the algorithm particularly
                 useful for implementation of interval arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.",
  remark =       "March 1970. Sponsored by Army Research Office, Durham,
                 N.C.",
}

@Book{Zuse:1970:CML,
  author =       "Konrad Zuse",
  title =        "{Der Computer, mein Lebenswerk}",
  publisher =    "Verlag moderne Industrie",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, Germany",
  pages =        "221",
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.Z8 A3",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 4 07:46:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer engineers --- Germany --- biography;
                 computers --- Germany --- history; Zuse, Konrad",
}

@Article{Abdelmalek:1971:REA,
  author =       "Nabih N. Abdelmalek",
  title =        "Round-off Error Analysis for {Gram--Schmidt} Method
                 and Solution of Linear Least Squares Problems",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "345--367",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01939404",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:12 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=11&issue=4;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=11&issue=4&spage=345",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Alway:1971:GFA,
  author =       "G. G. Alway",
  title =        "A general factorising algorithm",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "166--168",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:51:53 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/140166.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/166.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/167.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/168.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Nat. Phys. Lab., Teddington, UK",
  keywords =     "computer algorithm; digital arithmetic; general
                 factorising algorithm; primality of large numbers",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Banerji:1971:RAC,
  author =       "D. K. Banerji",
  title =        "Residue arithmetic in computer design",
  institution =  "University of Waterloo",
  address =      "Waterloo, ON, Canada",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 09:13:45 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://books.google.com/books?id=YNVcPgAACAAJ",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bataille:1971:GCW,
  author =       "M. Bataille",
  title =        "The {Gamma 60}: The computer that was ahead of its
                 time",
  journal =      "Honeywell Computer Journal",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "99--105",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 25 09:37:15 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "The Gamma 60 decimal floating-point system provides 11
                 to 19 decimal digits with an exponent range of
                 $\pm40$.",
}

@Article{Berg:1971:SAO,
  author =       "R. O. Berg and L. L. Kinney",
  title =        "Serial Adders with Overflow Correction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "668--671",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223321",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:16 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671914",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Caprani:1971:ILR,
  author =       "Ole Caprani",
  title =        "Implementation of a Low Round-Off Summation Method",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "271--275",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01931808",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 14 09:14:57 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=11&issue=3&spage=271",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; floating-point
                 arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Misc{Chen:1971:BAU,
  author =       "Tien Chi Chen",
  title =        "Binary arithmetic unit implementing a multiplicative
                 iteration for the exponential, logarithm, quotient and
                 square root functions",
  howpublished = "United States Patent 3,631,230",
  day =          "28",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 08 21:54:11 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3631230.html",
  abstract =     "Apparatus and a method is described for efficiently
                 achieving arithmetic evaluations for functions such as
                 exponential, logarithm, quotient, and square root with
                 a minimum use of multiplications or divisions.
                 Basically, use is made of the fact that $x(1\pm2^{-m})$
                 can be evaluated by a shift followed by an add. A pair
                 of numbers $(x_k, y_k)$ can represent a function $x:
                 f(x)= g(x_k, y_k)$, such that $g(l,y_n) = y_n$ for
                 logarithm, quotient and square root. Then,
                 multiplication by shifting is applied to $x_k$ with
                 suitable adjustments on $y_k$, until $x_k$ is close to
                 unity, at which time $y_k$ represents the desired
                 answer. The exponential is computed by essentially
                 reversing the logarithm procedure. A termination
                 algorithm further improves accuracy. The apparatus
                 involves two registers for $x_k$ and $y_k$, a local
                 memory, an adder and a shift register.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chen:1971:BMS,
  author =       "Tien Chi Chen",
  title =        "A Binary Multiplication Scheme Based on Squaring",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "678--680",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223325",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:16 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671918",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Misc{Chen:1971:DNC,
  author =       "Tien Chi Chen",
  title =        "Decimal Number Compression",
  howpublished = "Internal IBM memo to Dr. Irving T. Ho.",
  pages =        "4",
  day =          "29",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:24:59 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The fact that four bits can represent 16 different
                 states, but a decimal digit exploits only 10 of then
                 (0--9) has been a valid criticism against decimal
                 arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Chen:1971:EAA,
  author =       "Tien Chi Chen",
  title =        "Efficient Arithmetic Apparatus and Method",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "328--330",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 08 22:33:33 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Clark:1971:SCP,
  author =       "N. W. Clark and W. J. Cody and H. Kuki",
  title =        "Self-Contained Power Routines",
  crossref =     "Rice:1971:MS",
  pages =        "399--415",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:56:49 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Cody:1971:DHC,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Desirable Hardware Characteristics for Scientific
                 Computation",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--31",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1052614.1052616",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:49:57 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxtitle =      "Hardware characteristics (pages missing from print)",
}

@InCollection{Cody:1971:SEF,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Software for the Elementary Functions",
  crossref =     "Rice:1971:MS",
  pages =        "171--186",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:56:47 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Dekker:1971:FPT,
  author =       "Theodorus J. Dekker",
  title =        "A Floating-Point Technique for Extending the Available
                 Precision",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "224--242",
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "68A55",
  MRnumber =     "45 8056",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; balanced ternary",
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@Article{Dutka:1971:SRD,
  author =       "Jacques Dutka",
  title =        "The Square Root of $2$ to $1,000,000$ Decimals",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "116",
  pages =        "927--930",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gentleman:1971:OMC,
  author =       "W. Morven Gentleman",
  title =        "Optimal multiplication chains for computing a power of
                 a symbolic polynomial",
  journal =      j-SIGSAM,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "23--30",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SIGSBZ",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1093425.1093426",
  ISSN =         "0163-5824 (print), 1557-9492 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 17 19:14:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper shows that in a certain model of symbolic
                 manipulation of algebraic formulae, the simple method
                 of computing a power of a symbolic polynomial by
                 repeated multiplication by the original polynomial is,
                 in essence, the optimal method.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  issue =        "18",
}

@TechReport{Ghest:1971:TCD,
  author =       "R. C. Ghest",
  title =        "A Two's Complement Digital Multiplier, the {Am25S05}",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "Advanced Micro Devices",
  address =      "Sunnyvale, CA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 18:50:36 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ginsberg:1971:NID,
  author =       "Myron Ginsberg",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the First Annual Rocky Mountain
                 Symposium on Microprocessors",
  title =        "Numerical influences on the design of floating-point
                 arithmetic for microcomputers",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "24--72",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 18:52:22 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Golub:1971:CAC,
  author =       "G. H. Golub and L. B. Smith",
  title =        "{Chebyshev} Approximation of Continuous Functions by a
                 {Chebyshev} System of Functions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "737--746",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 15 09:54:14 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "ACM Algorithm 414.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Honey:1971:CCD,
  author =       "D. W. Honey",
  title =        "Correspondence: Calculation of a double-length square
                 root from a double length number using single precision
                 techniques",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "443--443",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:51:58 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/140443.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/443.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kahan:1971:SEA,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "A survey of error analysis",
  crossref =     "Freiman:1971:PIC",
  pages =        "1214--1239",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 05:24:53 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
  remark =       "This paper contains the modified compensating
                 summation algorithm wherein `e = (temp - s) + y' is
                 replaced by `f = 0; if (sign(temp) == sign(y)) {f =
                 (0.46*s - s) + s} e = ((temp - f) - (s - f)) + y',
                 cited in e.g.,
                 \cite{Dalhquist:1974:NM,Higham:1993:AFP}.",
}

@Article{Kan:1971:EAD,
  author =       "E. Kan and J. Aggarwal",
  title =        "Error analysis of digital filter employing
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "678--686",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Kan:1973:CEA}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The error accumulation in a digital filter employing
                 floating-point arithmetic is studied. Sources of errors
                 are considered to originate from (1) roundoff in the
                 arithmetic operations, (2) quantization of both the
                 input and the initial states, and (3) \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1971:EIR,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Economical Iterative and Range-Transformation Schemes
                 for Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "470--472",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223270",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:14 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671863",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Kuki:1971:FEP,
  author =       "H. Kuki and J. Ascoly",
  title =        "{FORTRAN} extended-precision library",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--61",
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:51:32 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@InCollection{Kuki:1971:MFS,
  author =       "H. Kuki",
  title =        "Mathematical Function Subprograms for Basic System
                 Libraries\emdash Objectives, Constraints, and
                 Trade-Off",
  crossref =     "Rice:1971:MS",
  pages =        "187--199",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:27:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Kulisch:1971:AAR,
  author =       "U. Kulisch",
  title =        "An axiomatic approach to rounded computations",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--17",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01398455",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 17 16:12:48 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The present paper is intended to give an axiomatic
                 approach to rounded computations. A rounding is defined
                 as a monotone mapping of an ordered set into a subset,
                 which in general is called a lower respectively an
                 upper screen. The first chapter deals with roundings in
                 ordered sets. In the second chapter further properties
                 of roundings in linearly ordered sets are studied. The
                 third chapter deals with the two most important
                 applications, the approximation of the real arithmetic
                 on a finite screen and the approximation of the real
                 interval arithmetic on an upper screen. Beyond these
                 examples various further applications are possible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kupka:1971:SRA,
  author =       "I. Kupka",
  title =        "Simulation of real arithmetic and real functions in
                 finite sets",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "143--152",
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C1220 (Simulation, modelling and identification);
                 C4110 (Error analysis in numerical methods)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Hamburg, West Germany",
  keywords =     "error estimation; errors; estimation theory; finite
                 set; floating point arithmetic; real functions;
                 simulation",
  language =     "German",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Majithia:1971:CAN,
  author =       "J. C. Majithia and R. Kitai",
  title =        "A Cellular Array for the Nonrestoring Extraction of
                 Square Roots",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1617--1618",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223191",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671784",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Majithia:1971:IAM,
  author =       "J. C. Majithia and R. Kitai",
  title =        "An Iterative Array for Multiplication of Signed Binary
                 Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "214--216",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223216",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671809",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Malcolm:1971:AFP,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "On Accurate Floating-Point Summation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "731--736",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (68-XX)",
  MRnumber =     "47 4434",
  MRreviewer =   "P. Brock",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:01:06 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#Malcolm71;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Univ., CA, USA",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; digital arithmetic;
                 error analysis",
  oldlabel =     "Malcolm71",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Malcolm71",
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1971:ARP,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "Algorithm to reveal properties of floating-point
                 arithmetic",
  institution =  "Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, Ca.",
  pages =        "8",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "AD-727 104",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algorithms.; Floating-point arithmetic.",
  remark =       "``STAN-CS-71-211.''",
}

@Article{Morris:1971:TFP,
  author =       "R. Morris",
  title =        "Tapered Floating Point: {A} New Floating-Point
                 Representation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1578--1579",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223174",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671767",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Nicoud:1971:IAR,
  author =       "Jean-Daniel Nicoud",
  title =        "Iterative Arrays for Radix Conversion",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1479--1489",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223160",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 10 13:44:30 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The general study of the conversion of a number from
                 the radix p to the radix q number system leads to four
                 different algorithms for integers, and to four similar
                 ones for fractions. Most transform algorithms can be
                 implemented by iterative arrays of cells characterized
                 by simple equations. Such arrays are very attractive
                 with present-time large-scale integration technology.
                 Two kinds of cells, that is, two iterative arrays, are
                 sufficient for the near instantaneous conversion of
                 fixed-point numbers from radix p to radix q, or vice
                 versa. For the important special case of binary-decimal
                 conversion, the structure of the cells is studied, and
                 different realizations using the BCD code are
                 described. One of them is specially suited for an LSI
                 realization in MOS technology. The advantages of other
                 codes are discussed. In particular, the use of the
                 biquinary code allows the realization of the fastest
                 cells, with only one gate delay for each line of
                 cells.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "base conversion; binary-decimal conversion; cellular
                 arrays; code conversion; iterative arrays; large-scale
                 integration; MOS technology; number systems; radix
                 conversion algorithms",
}

@Article{Paker:1971:BFP,
  author =       "Y. Paker",
  title =        "A Binary Floating-Point Resistor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--11",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223074",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:11 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671667",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Paus:1971:FPA,
  author =       "Dag Paus",
  title =        "Floating point arithmetikk til {Nord-2B}",
  type =         "Hovedoppgave i fysikk",
  institution =  "Universitetet i Oslo",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  pages =        "156",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:11:14 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Norwegian",
}

@Article{Pezaris:1971:BBA,
  author =       "S. D. Pezaris",
  title =        "A 40ns 17-bit by 17-bit array multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "442--447 (??)",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223261",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:12:55 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Pezaris:1971:NBB,
  author =       "S. D. Pezaris",
  title =        "A 40-ns 17-Bit by 17-Bit Array Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "442--447",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223261",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:14 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671854",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Rhyne:1971:SPN,
  author =       "V. T. Rhyne",
  title =        "A Simple Postcorrection for Nonrestoring Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "213--214",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223215",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671808",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@PhdThesis{Rothmaier:1971:BEF,
  author =       "B. Rothmaier",
  title =        "{Die Berechnung der elementaren Funktionen mit
                 beliebiger Genauigkeit} \toenglish {The Computation of
                 Elementary Functions with Arbitrary Accuracy}
                 \endtoenglish",
  type =         "Dissertation",
  school =       "Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Sarkar:1971:EPP,
  author =       "B. P. Sarkar and E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Economic Pseudodivision Processes for Obtaining Square
                 Root, Logarithm, and Arctan",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1589--1593",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223178",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671771",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # "\slash " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Schmookler:1971:HSD,
  author =       "Martin S. Schmookler and Arnold Weinberger",
  title =        "High speed decimal addition",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "862--867",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223362",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 19:10:32 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Parallel decimal arithmetic capability is becoming
                 increasingly attractive with new applications of
                 computers in a multiprogramming environment. The direct
                 production of decimal sums offers a significant
                 improvement in addition over methods requiring decimal
                 correction. These techniques are illustrated in the
                 eight-digit adder which appears in the System/360 Model
                 195.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Schonhage:1971:SMG,
  author =       "A. Sch{\"o}nhage and V. Strassen",
  title =        "{Schnelle Multiplikation gro{\ss}er Zahlen}.
                 ({German}) [{Fast} multiplication of large numbers]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "281--292",
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:42:36 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  note =         "Check pages??",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ., Konstanz, West Germany",
  classification = "C5230",
  description =  "digital arithmetic",
  keywords =     "algorithm; binary numbers; logical nets; multitape
                 Turing machines; product",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Shepherd:1971:RSL,
  author =       "B. J. Shepherd",
  title =        "Right Shift for Low-Cost Multiply and Divide",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1586--1589",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223177",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671770",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{Stein:1971:IMA,
  author =       "Marvin L. Stein and William D. Munro",
  title =        "Introduction to machine arithmetic",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 295",
  year =         "1971",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .S752",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 19:20:08 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; Arithmetic",
}

@Article{Stein:1971:SMA,
  author =       "M. L. Stein and W. D. Munro",
  title =        "Scaling Machine Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-20",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "675--678",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1971.223324",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 06:38:16 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1671917",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Walther:1971:UAE,
  author =       "J. S. Walther",
  title =        "A unified algorithm for elementary functions",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1971:ACP",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "379--385",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:31 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Wlodarski:1971:FLN,
  author =       "J. Wlodarski",
  title =        "{Fibonacci} and {Lucas} Numbers Tend to Obey
                 {Benford's Law}",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--88",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 18:05:33 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/9-1.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/9-1/wlodarski2.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly",
}

@InProceedings{Yohe:1971:R,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1971 Army Numerical Analysis and
                 Computers Conference",
  title =        "Rounding",
  publisher =    "US Army Research Office",
  address =      "Durham, NC, USA",
  pages =        "213--223",
  year =         "1971",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 30 21:37:46 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "ARO-D Report 71-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Abdelmagid:1972:DFP,
  author =       "Mohamed Nabil Fouad Abdelmagid",
  title =        "Design of a floating point arithmetic unit",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Illinois Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Chicago, IL.",
  pages =        "v + 60",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ahmad:1972:ISH,
  author =       "M. Ahmad",
  title =        "Iterative schemes for high speed division",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "333--336",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:52:07 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_04/150333.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_04/tiff/333.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_04/tiff/334.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_04/tiff/335.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_04/tiff/336.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Manchester, UK",
  keywords =     "digital arithmetic; digital computers; high speed
                 division; iterative methods; iterative schemes;
                 multiplicative",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Bandyopadhyay:1972:IAM,
  author =       "S. Bandyopadhyay and S. Basu and A. K. Choudhury",
  title =        "An Iterative Array for Multiplication of Signed Binary
                 Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "921--922",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009055",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:46 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009055",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Banerji:1972:TAR,
  author =       "D. K. Banerji and J. A. Brzozowski",
  title =        "On Translation Algorithms in Residue Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1281--1285",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1972.223499;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672092;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35066",
  abstract =     "This paper considers translation problems in residue
                 number systems. The conversion from a fixed-base
                 representation to a residue representation can be done
                 using residue adders only; we show that relatively
                 simple combinational logic can be used to replace one
                 level of residue addition. In the reverse translation
                 problem, we examine the conditions under which base
                 extension can be used to compute the fixed-base digits
                 from a residue code number, and we study the efficiency
                 of the algorithm.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "base extension; input translation; modular arithmetic;
                 output translation; residue arithmetic; residue number
                 systems",
}

@Article{Brakefield:1972:OFP,
  author =       "James C. Brakefield",
  title =        "An optimal floating point format",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--17",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:41:08 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chen:1972:ACE,
  author =       "Tien Chi Chen",
  title =        "Automatic Computation of Exponentials, Logarithms,
                 Ratios and Square Roots",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "380--388",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65D20",
  MRnumber =     "49 \#1738",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:26:59 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/164/chen.pdf",
  abstract =     "It is shown how a relatively simple device can
                 evaluate exponentials, logarithms, ratios and square
                 roots for fraction arguments, employing only shifts,
                 adds, high-speed table lookups, and bit counting. The
                 scheme is based on the cotransformation of a number
                 pair $(x, y)$ such that the $F(x, y) = f(x_0)$ is
                 invariant; when $x$ is driven towards a known value
                 $x_w$, $y$ is driven towards the result. For an $N$-bit
                 fraction about $N / 4$ iterations are required, each
                 involving two or three adds; then a termination
                 algorithm, based on an add and an abbreviated multiply,
                 completes the process, for a total cost of about one
                 conventional multiply time. Convergence, errors and
                 simulation using APL are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "IBM, San Jose, CA, USA",
  keywords =     "adds; APL; bit counting; convergence;
                 cotransformation; digital arithmetic; errors;
                 exponentials; high speed table; iteration; logarithms;
                 lookups; ratios; shifts; simulation; square roots;
                 termination algorithm",
  reviewer =     "F. Gotze",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Chiang:1972:NAB,
  author =       "A. C. L. Chiang and I. S. Reed",
  title =        "Notes on the Arithmetic {BN} Modulo {A} Codes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "891--894",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009046",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:46 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009046",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Chien:1972:ECH,
  author =       "R. T. Chien and Se June Hong",
  title =        "Error Correction in High-Speed Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "433--438",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1972.223538",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:43 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672131",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Chinal:1972:SCP,
  author =       "J. P. Chinal",
  title =        "Some Comments on Postcorrections for Nonrestoring
                 Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1385--1394",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1972.223511",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672104",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{DeMori:1972:PSS,
  author =       "R. {De Mori} and A. Serra",
  title =        "A Parallel Structure for Signed-Number Multiplication
                 and Addition",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1453--1454",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1972.223525",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672118",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Fenwick:1972:BRD,
  author =       "Peter M. Fenwick",
  title =        "A Binary Representation for Decimal Numbers",
  journal =      j-AUSTRALIAN-COMP-J,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "146--149",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ACMJB2",
  ISSN =         "0004-8917",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:31:38 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Fettweis:1972:CBM,
  author =       "A. Fettweis",
  title =        "On the connection between multiplier word length
                 limitation and roundoff noise in digital filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "486--491",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "It is shown that for digital filters there exists a
                 direct and an indirect connection between the
                 generation of roundoff noise by a multiplier and the
                 effect that the coefficient word length limitation of
                 this multiplier has upon the response \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Franklin:1972:ZDA,
  author =       "J. W. Franklin",
  title =        "Zoned Decimal Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2123--2124",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Book{Goldstine:1972:CPN,
  author =       "Herman H. Goldstine",
  title =        "The Computer: {From Pascal} to {von Neumann}",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 378",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-691-02367-0; 0-691-08104-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-02367-0; 978-0-691-08104-5",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 06 19:17:03 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/Matrix.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/sparse.linear.systems.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/TUBScsd/1972.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Second printing, 1973. Paperback edition 1980. Fifth
                 printing, 1993 with new preface. Reprint 2000 by Books
                 on Demand, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  descriptor =   "Computer, ENIAC, Entwicklung, Geschichte, Pascal, Von
                 Neumann",
  kwds =         "book, history, computer",
}

@TechReport{Gosper:1972:HCF,
  author =       "R. W. Gosper",
  title =        "{HAKMEM} 101: Continued Fractions",
  type =         "Memo",
  number =       "AIM 239",
  institution =  "MIT AI Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "37--44",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 30 06:37:23 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/cf.html#item101a",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From the document: ``The familiar transcendental
                 functions of rational arguments also have simple
                 continued fractions, but these are generally not
                 regular and cannot be reconstructed from numerical
                 values by a simple algorithm, since nonregular
                 representations aren't unique. The point is, however,
                 that numbers like e, pi, sqrt(2), sin .5, sqrt(7)
                 arctan sqrt(7), etc. can be expressed to unlimited
                 precision by simple programs which produce the terms on
                 demand.'' Also: ``Rational number arithmetic often
                 loses because numerators and denominators grow so large
                 as to require icky multiprecision. Algorithms for
                 arithmetic on continued fractions seem generally
                 unknown. The next items describe how to arithmetically
                 combine continued fractions to produce new ones, one
                 term at a time.'' and ``Continued fractions let us
                 perform numerical calculations a little at a time
                 without ever introducing any error, such as roundoff or
                 truncation. As if this weren't enough, the calculations
                 provide automatic error analysis, and obviate most
                 forms of successive approximation.''",
}

@Article{Gregory:1972:CFP,
  author =       "James Gregory",
  title =        "A Comparison of Floating Point Summation Methods",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "838--838",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:46:23 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip and
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Distributed/QLD.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Gregory72;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Argonne Nat. Lab., IL, USA",
  descriptors =  "Simulation; statistics; numeric calculation;",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; comparison; digital
                 arithmetic; error; error propagation; floating point
                 summation methods; truncation",
  oldlabel =     "Gregory72",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Gregory72",
}

@Article{Gregory:1972:URA,
  author =       "Robert Todd Gregory",
  title =        "The use of residue arithmetic with automatic digital
                 computers",
  journal =      "Delta (Waukesha)",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "1--27",
  year =         "1972\slash 1973",
  MRclass =      "68A10",
  MRnumber =     "MR0321348 (47 \#9881)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:21 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hallin:1972:PAF,
  author =       "T. G. Hallin and M. J. Flynn",
  title =        "Pipelining of Arithmetic Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "880--886",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009044",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 18:57:52 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Heising:1972:MM,
  author =       "W. Heising and M. O. Rabin and S. Winograd",
  title =        "Multiplication Method",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1147--1148",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Manual{IBM:1972:ISR,
  author =       "{International Business Machines Corporation}",
  title =        "{IBM System\slash 360} reference data: direct
                 evaluation of floating point numbers in hexadecimal:
                 debugging aid",
  organization = "IBM Corporation",
  address =      "White Plains, NY, USA",
  pages =        "18",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "IBM 360 (Computer)",
  remark =       "``GX20-1787-0.''",
}

@Article{Kamal:1972:HSM,
  author =       "A. A. Kamal and M. A. N. Ghannam",
  title =        "High-Speed Multiplication Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1017--1021",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009082",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:46 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009082",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Liu:1972:REF,
  author =       "B. Liu and M. Van Valkenburg",
  title =        "On roundoff error of fixed-point digital filters using
                 sign-magnitude truncation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "536--537",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "This correspondence gives the statistical mean squared
                 error at the output of a digital filter due to roundoff
                 accumulation when fixed-point arithmetic with
                 sign-magnitude truncation is \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Loevenbruck:1972:CNR,
  author =       "A. P. Loevenbruck",
  title =        "Conversion of Number Representations",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2148--2151",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Majithia:1972:CAE,
  author =       "J. C. Majithia",
  title =        "Cellular Array for Extraction of Squares and Square
                 Roots of Binary Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1023--1024",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009084",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:46 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009084",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Malcolm:1972:ARP,
  author =       "M. A. Malcolm",
  title =        "Algorithms To Reveal Properties of Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "949--951",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:16 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Gentleman:1974:MAR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Mandelbaum:1972:ECR,
  author =       "David Mandelbaum",
  title =        "Error correction in residue arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  pages =        "538--545",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009006",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  MRclass =      "94A10 (94A20)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0345709 (49 \#10440)",
  MRreviewer =   "P. Deussen",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:21 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Manos:1972:CCA,
  author =       "Paul Manos and L. Richard Turner",
  title =        "Constrained {Chebyshev} approximations to some
                 elementary functions suitable for evaluation with
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  type =         "{NASA} Technical Note",
  number =       "TN D-6698",
  institution =  "NASA",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "iii + 68",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 22 11:27:24 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19720010958_1972010958.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Maple:1972:FPA,
  author =       "Christopher Marion Maple",
  title =        "A floating point analog to digital and digital to
                 analog converter",
  type =         "Thesis ({B.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Electrical Engineering",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "18",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Marino:1972:NAA,
  author =       "D. Marino",
  title =        "New Algorithms for the Approximate Evaluation in
                 Hardware of Binary Logarithms and Elementary
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1416--1421",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1972.223516",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 08:05:51 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1972:NTF,
  author =       "David W. Matula",
  title =        "Number Theoretic Foundations of Finite Precision
                 Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Zaremba:1972:ANT",
  pages =        "479--489",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 19 22:58:55 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "base conversion; finite-precision rational arithmetic;
                 number theory; overflow; radix conversion; tape
                 updating problem",
}

@MastersThesis{Miller:1972:DFD,
  author =       "Peter Edwin Miller",
  title =        "The design of a floating-point, double-precision
                 arithmetic unit for the {Digital Equipment
                 Corporation}'s {PDP-9} computer",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Ohio State University",
  address =      "Columbus, OH, USA",
  pages =        "83",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Arithmetic --- Computer programs; PDP-9 (Computer)",
}

@InProceedings{Neely:1972:CSN,
  author =       "Peter M. Neely",
  title =        "On conventions for systems of numerical
                 representation",
  crossref =     "ACM:1972:PAA",
  pages =        "644--561",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:28:06 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Present conventions for numeric representation are
                 considered inadequate to serve the needs of applied
                 computing. Thus an augmented digital number system is
                 proposed for use in programming languages and in
                 digital computers. Special symbols are proposed for
                 numbers too large, too small or too close to zero to be
                 represented in the normal digital number system, or
                 which are undefined. Properties of mappings among and
                 between digital number systems are used to justify the
                 augments chosen. Finally a suggestion is made for a new
                 floating point word format that will serve all the
                 above needs and will greatly extend the exponent range
                 of floating point numbers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Oberman:1972:FRM,
  author =       "R. M. M. Oberman",
  title =        "A Flexible Rate Multiplier Circuit with Uniform Pulse
                 Distribution Outputs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "896--899",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009048",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:46 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009048",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Pettus:1972:IDC,
  author =       "C. Pettus",
  title =        "Indeterminate $0 \div 0$ check in {APL}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40--41",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 25 06:58:23 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "One unique feature of the APL system is the definition
                 $(0 \div 0) = 1$. Although there is obvious merit in
                 this decision, in real analysis $(0 \div 0)$ is
                 indeterminate. If one wishes to be alerted to the fact
                 that a denominator is zero and does not want the result
                 $1$ if the numerator is also zero, one can replace the
                 expression $X \div Y$ with $X \times \div Y$. Then if
                 $X$ and $Y$ are both zero, a Domain Error will be
                 reported instead of yielding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; zero divide",
}

@Article{Phillips:1972:ICF,
  author =       "C. Phillips",
  title =        "Instabilities caused by floating-point arithmetic
                 quantization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "242--243",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "It is shown that an otherwise stable digital control
                 system may become unstable due to signal quantization
                 if the controller operates on floating-point
                 arithmetic. Sufficient conditions for instability are
                 developed \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Pichat:1972:CSA,
  author =       "M. Pichat",
  title =        "Correction d'une Somme en Arithm\'etique \`a Virgule
                 Flottante. ({French}) {[Correction of a Sum in
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic]}",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "400--406",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 17 18:30:51 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "From Douglas Priest:
                 (\path=Douglas.Priest@eng.sun.com=) writing in Usenet
                 newsgroup sci.math.num-analysis on 13 Sep 1994 16:04:56
                 GMT: ``\ldots{} An iterative algorithm for computing a
                 protracted sum to working precision by repeatedly
                 applying the sum-and-roundoff method.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Conservatoire Nat. Arts M{\'e}tiers, Paris, France",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; correction; digital
                 arithmetic; floating point arithmetic; rounding off
                 law; sum; truncature with guard digit",
  language =     "French",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
  xxnumber =     "(none)",
}

@Article{Ramamoorthy:1972:SPI,
  author =       "C. V. Ramamoorthy and James R. Goodman and K. H. Kim",
  title =        "Some Properties of Iterative Square-Rooting Methods
                 Using High-Speed Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "837--847",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1972.5009039",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:45 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009039",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Randell:1972:ATO,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "On {Alan Turing} and the origins of digital
                 computers",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "33",
  institution =  "University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing
                 Laboratory",
  address =      "Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  pages =        "36",
  year =         "1972",
  LCCN =         "TK7888.3 .R35",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:24:25 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Computing
                 Laboratory. Technical report series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Von Neumann, John; Turing, Alan Mathison; Electronic
                 digital computers; History",
  subject-dates = "1903--1957 (John von Neumann); 1912--1954 (Alan
                 Turing)",
}

@TechReport{Randell:1972:ODC,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "The origins of digital computers: a bibliography",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "38",
  institution =  "Computing Laboratory, University of Newcastle upon
                 Tyne",
  address =      "Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  pages =        "iii + 59",
  year =         "1972",
  LCCN =         "TK7888.3 .R35",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:24:25 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing
                 laboratory. Technical report series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; History; Bibliography",
}

@Article{Richman:1972:AEA,
  author =       "Paul L. Richman",
  title =        "Automatic Error Analysis for Determining Precision",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "813--817",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "47 2808",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:15:56 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Richman72;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The problem considered is that of evaluating a
                 rational expression to within any desired tolerance on
                 a computer which performs variable-precision
                 floating-point arithmetic operations. An automatic
                 error analysis technique is given for determining,
                 directly from the results of a trial low-precision
                 interval arithmetic calculation, just how much
                 precision and data accuracy are required to achieve a
                 desired final accuracy. The technique given generalize
                 easily to the evaluation of many nonrational
                 expressions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290B (Error analysis in numerical methods); C4110
                 (Error analysis in numerical methods); C5230 (Digital
                 arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "921",
  corpsource =   "Bell Telephone Labs. Inc., Denver, CO, USA",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "automatic error analysis; control; digital arithmetic;
                 error analysis; floating point arithmetic; interval
                 arithmetic; mathematical techniques; precision;
                 precision control",
  oldlabel =     "Richman72",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Richman72",
}

@PhdThesis{Ripley:1972:PFP,
  author =       "Jerald Lester Ripley",
  title =        "On proofs of floating-point program correctness and a
                 measure of their relative efficiency",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "University of Oklahoma",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "vi + 105",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Numerical calculations.",
}

@Article{Samet:1972:CDS,
  author =       "P. A. Samet",
  title =        "Calculation of a double-length square root from
                 double-length number using single precision
                 techniques",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "116--116",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 26 14:05:09 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/116.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Coll., London, UK",
  keywords =     "digital arithmetic; double length; precision
                 techniques; single; square root",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Schulenberg:1972:RSS,
  author =       "Craig Schulenberg and James E. Kernan",
  title =        "Results of space shuttle computer floating-point
                 precision study",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "E-2637",
  institution =  "M.I.T. Charles Stark Draper Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic data processing --- Space trajectories.;
                 Reusable space vehicles.",
  remark =       "At head of title: Apollo guidance, navigation and
                 control.",
}

@Article{Schurmann:1972:MEA,
  author =       "A. Schurmann",
  title =        "On the minimum error in addition processes of positive
                 floating-point numbers",
  journal =      j-ZASTOS-MAT,
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "351--366",
  year =         "1972--1973",
  CODEN =        "ZAMTAK",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "48 3242",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "A. D. Booth",
}

@Article{Shaham:1972:NDA,
  author =       "Z. Shaham and Z. Riesel",
  title =        "A Note on Division Algorithms Based on
                 Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "513--514",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1972.223557",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 18:58:43 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672150",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Stefanelli:1972:SHS,
  author =       "R. Stefanelli",
  title =        "A Suggestion for a High-Speed Parallel Binary
                 Divider",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "42--55",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1972.223430",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 08 22:42:31 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "family of four procedures to compute the inverse $1/X$
                 of a given binary number $X$ normalized between 0.5 and
                 1 is described. The quotient is obtained in redundant
                 binary form, i.e., in a base 2 code in which digits can
                 assume any positive or negative integer value. All
                 methods here described can be implemented by
                 combinatorial networks; the dividers realized in this
                 way are very fast because all carry propagations take
                 place at the same time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InCollection{Tung:1972:A,
  author =       "C. Tung",
  title =        "Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Cardenas:1972:CS",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:39:14 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Urabae:1972:CEA,
  author =       "Minoru Urabae",
  title =        "Component-wise error analysis of iterative methods
                 practiced on a floating-point system",
  type =         "{MRC} Technical Summary Report",
  number =       "1268",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  pages =        "57",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Error analysis (Mathematics); Floating-point
                 arithmetic.; Iterative methods (Mathematics)",
  remark =       "``Received August 11, 1972.'' Sponsored by Army
                 Research Office, Durham, N.C.",
}

@Article{Varian:1972:LEB,
  author =       "Hal R. Varian",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {Benford's Law}",
  journal =      j-AMER-STAT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "65--66",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "ASTAAJ",
  ISSN =         "0003-1305 (print), 1537-2731 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 30 11:34:37 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/amstat.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1305%28197206%2926%3A3%3C62%3ALTTE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q",
  abstract =     "Around 1938 the physicist Frank Benford observed a
                 rather strange fact: tables of logarithms in libraries
                 tend to be dirtier at the beginning than at the end.
                 This indicated to Benford that people had more occasion
                 to calculate with numbers beginning with 1 or 2 than
                 with 8 or 9.\par

                 Benford also found that the frequency of the digit p
                 being the first digit of a decimal number was very
                 closely approximated by $\log(p + 1) - \log p$ [i.e.,
                 $\log(1 + 1/p)$]. This has become known as Benford's
                 law.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
}

@Article{Aird:1973:SUM,
  author =       "T. Aird and D. Dodson and E. Houstis and J. Rice",
  title =        "Statistics on the Use of Mathematical Subroutines from
                 a Computer Center Library",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:44 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Anjoorian:1973:EME,
  author =       "Harry Anjoorian",
  title =        "An example of microprogrammed extended-precision
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.A.})",
  school =       "California State University, Chico",
  address =      "Chico, CA, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 94",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic and logic units.; Electronic
                 digital computers --- Design and construction.",
}

@Article{Atkins:1973:PCA,
  author =       "David E. {Atkins, III} and Harvey L. Garner",
  title =        "Preface: Computer Arithmetic: An Introduction and
                 Overview [{Second IEEE Symposium on Computer
                 Arithmetic, May 15--16, 1972, University of
                 Maryland}]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "549--551",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009104",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009104;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Atkins.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Avizienis:1973:AAE,
  author =       "Algirdas Avi{\v{z}}ienis",
  title =        "Arithmetic Algorithms for Error-Coded Operands",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "567--572",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009108",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Avizienis.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Book{Barna:1973:ICD,
  author =       "Arpad Barna and Dan I. Porat",
  title =        "Integrated Circuits in Digital Electronics",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 483",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN =         "0-471-05050-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-05050-6",
  LCCN =         "TK7868.D5 B43",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Barsi:1973:ECP,
  author =       "F. Barsi and P. Maestrini",
  title =        "Error Correcting Properties of Redundant Residue
                 Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "307--315",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223711;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:18 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672304;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35074",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The error correcting properties of the redundant
                 residue number systems (RNS) are investigated through a
                 more natural a approach than was previously known. The
                 necessary and sufficient condition for the correction
                 of a given error affecting a single \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Baugh:1973:TCP,
  author =       "C. R. Baugh and B. A. Wooley",
  title =        "A Two's Complement Parallel Array Multiplication
                 Algorithm",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1045--1047",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223648",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:37 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See comments
                 \cite{Blankenship:1974:CTC,Kroft:1974:CTC}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672241",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Besslich:1973:MDS,
  author =       "P. W. Besslich and S. Raman",
  title =        "Multiplication, Division and Square Root Extraction
                 Methods for Electronic Desk Calculators",
  journal =      "Journal of the Institution of Telecommunication
                 Engineers (India)",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Brent:1973:PAV,
  author =       "Richard P. Brent",
  title =        "On the Precision Attainable with Various
                 Floating-Point Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "601--607",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009113",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:15 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Brent.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Brent:1973:PEA,
  author =       "R. Brent and D. Kuck and K. Maruyama",
  title =        "The Parallel Evaluation of Arithmetic Expressions
                 Without Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "532--534",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223757",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:23 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672350",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Cappa:1973:AIA,
  author =       "M. Cappa and V. C. Hamacher",
  title =        "An Augmented Iterative Array for High-Speed Binary
                 Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "172--175",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223680",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:15 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See comments \cite{Gardiner:1974:CAI}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672273",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Cody:1973:SDN,
  author =       "William J. {Cody, Jr.}",
  title =        "Static and Dynamic Numerical Characteristics of
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "598--601",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009112",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:15 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Cody.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Dorr:1973:REC,
  author =       "Fred W. Dorr and Cleve B. Moler",
  title =        "Roundoff error on the {CDC 6600\slash 7600}
                 computers",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24--26",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:49:59 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. California, Los Alamos, NM, USA",
  keywords =     "arithmetic; CDC 6600/7600 computers; computer; digital
                 arithmetic; program; roundoff error",
  treatment =    "P Practical; X Experimental",
}

@Article{Du:1973:CSS,
  author =       "Min-Wen Du and C. Dennis Weiss",
  title =        "Circuit Structure and Switching Function
                 Verification",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "618--625",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009116",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Du.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Ercegovac:1973:REC,
  author =       "Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "Radix-16 Evaluation of Certain Elementary Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "561--566",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009107",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Ercegovac.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@TechReport{Erkio:1973:EAV,
  author =       "Hannu Erkio",
  title =        "An extension of {ALGOL} with variable precision
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  type =         "Series {A}. Report",
  number =       "1973/2",
  institution =  "University of Helsinki, Dept. of Computer Science",
  address =      "Helsinki",
  pages =        "ii + 20",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Floating-point
                 arithmetic",
}

@Article{Fettweis:1973:RNA,
  author =       "A. Fettweis",
  title =        "Roundoff noise and attenuation sensitivity in digital
                 filters with fixed-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "174--175",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "A general expression is established which relates the
                 output roundoff noise generated by a fixed-point
                 multiplier in a digital filter to the sensitivity of
                 the filter attenuation with respect to the
                 corresponding multiplier coefficient. It confirms
                 \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Gelenbe:1973:UAE,
  author =       "Erol Gelenbe",
  title =        "A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of
                 Replacement Algorithms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "611--618",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009115",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Gelenbe.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Green:1973:NTF,
  author =       "D. H. Green and R. G. Kelsch",
  title =        "Nonlinear Ternary Feedback Shift Registers",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "360--367",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:52:16 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/160360.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/360.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/361.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/362.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/363.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/364.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/365.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/366.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/367.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B1260 (Pulse circuits); B1265 (Digital electronics);
                 C5120 (Logic and switching circuits); C5230 (Digital
                 arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "722",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Manchester Inst. Sci. Technol., UK",
  keywords =     "arithmetic; coding theory; communications; computers,
                 digital; digital arithmetic; digital computers;
                 feedback shift registers; functions; nonlinear;
                 polynomial domain representation; shift registers;
                 ternary",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Book{Hamming:1973:NMS,
  author =       "R. W. (Richard Wesley) Hamming",
  title =        "Numerical methods for scientists and engineers",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "ix + 721",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN =         "0-07-025887-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-025887-7",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .H28 1973",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:12:08 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "International series in pure and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Numerical analysis; Data processing",
}

@Article{Jacobsohn:1973:CDA,
  author =       "David H. Jacobsohn",
  title =        "A Combinatoric Division Algorithm for Fixed-Integer
                 Divisors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "608--610",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009114",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Jacobsohn.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@TechReport{Kahan:1973:IAL,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "Implementation of algorithms (lecture notes by {W. S.
                 Haugeland} and {D. Hough})",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "20",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 05:28:07 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
  remark =       "This paper contains the modified compensating
                 summation algorithm wherein `e = (temp - s) + y' is
                 replaced by `f = 0; if (sign(temp) == sign(y)) {f =
                 (0.46*s - s) + s} e = ((temp - f) - (s - f)) + y',
                 cited in e.g.,
                 \cite{Dalhquist:1974:NM,Higham:1993:AFP}. Kahan remarks
                 ``The mysterious constant 0.46, which could perhaps be
                 any number between 0.25 and 0.50, and the fact that the
                 proof requires a consideration of known machines
                 designs, indicate that this algorithm is not an advance
                 in computer science.''",
}

@Article{Kan:1973:CEA,
  author =       "E. Kan and J. Aggarwal",
  title =        "Correction to {``Error Analysis of Digital Filters
                 Employing Floating-Point Arithmetic''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "617--618",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Kan:1971:EAD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kanani:1973:NCS,
  author =       "Dhirubhai V. Kanani and Kenneth H. O'Keefe",
  title =        "A Note on Conditional-Sum Addition for Base-2
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "626--626",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009117",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Kanani.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Kaneko:1973:LCO,
  author =       "T. Kaneko",
  title =        "Limit-cycle oscillations in floating-point digital
                 filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUDIO-ELECTROACOUST,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "100--106",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITADAS",
  ISSN =         "0018-9278",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:52 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "In a digital filter realized with fixed-point
                 arithmetic, there is a peculiar phenomenon known as
                 limit-cycle oscillation, which is due to roundoff
                 errors. For floating-point arithmetic, it has been
                 conjectured that its amplitude is negligibly small,
                 \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Kaneko:1973:LRE,
  author =       "Toyohisa Kaneko and Bede Liu",
  title =        "On Local Roundoff Errors in Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "391--398",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/321765.321771",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "49 8318",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 09 10:18:49 2007",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A bound on the relative error in floating-point
                 addition using a single-precision accumulator with
                 guard digits is derived. It is shown that even with a
                 single guard digit, the accuracy can be almost as good
                 as that using a double-precision accumulator. A
                 statistical model for the roundoff error in
                 double-precision multiplication and addition is also
                 derived. The model is confirmed by experimental
                 measurements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  reviewer =     "V. V. Ivanov",
}

@Article{Kielbasinski:1973:SAC,
  author =       "Andrzej Kie{\l}basi{\'n}ski",
  title =        "Summation algorithm with corrections and some of its
                 applications",
  journal =      j-MATH-STOS,
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "22--41",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 06:06:57 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "In Polish.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
  remark =       "The author's name is correct [verified by a Polish
                 colleague who knows the author]: some references have
                 it incorrectly as Kie{\l}baszi{\'n}ski.",
}

@Article{Kinoshita:1973:GDS,
  author =       "E. Kinoshita and H. Kosako and Y. Kojima",
  title =        "General Division in the Symmetric Residue Number
                 System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "134--142",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223674;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672267;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35073",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "In the residue number system, the arithmetic
                 operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication
                 are executed in the same period of time without the
                 need for interpositional carry. There is a hope for
                 high-speed operation if residue arithmetic \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Kreifelts:1973:OBF,
  author =       "T. Kreifelts",
  title =        "{Optimale Basiswahl f{\"u}r eine
                 Gleitkomma-Arithmetik} \toenglish {Optimal Choice of
                 Basis for a Floating-Point Arithmetic} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "353--363",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Kuki:1973:SSA,
  author =       "H. Kuki and W. J. Cody",
  title =        "A Statistical Study of the Accuracy of Floating Point
                 Number Systems",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "223--230",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68A20 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "51 2344",
  MRreviewer =   "I. Kaufmann",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 31 13:47:33 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents the statistical results of tests
                 of the accuracy of certain arithmetic systems in
                 evaluating sums, products and inner products, and
                 analytic error estimates for some of the computations.
                 The arithmetic systems studied are 6-digit hexadecimal
                 and 22-digit binary floating point number
                 representations combined with the usual chop and round
                 modes of arithmetic with various numbers of guard
                 digits, and with a modified round mode with guard
                 digits. In a certain sense, arithmetic systems
                 differing only in their use of binary or hexadecimal
                 number representations are shown to be approximately
                 statistically equivalent in accuracy. Further, the
                 usual round mode with guard digits is shown to be
                 statistically superior in accuracy to the usual chop
                 mode in all cases save one. The modified round mode is
                 found to be superior to the chop mode in all cases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Chicago, IL, USA",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "accuracy; arithmetic; computer programming; digital
                 arithmetic; error analysis; floating point arithmetic;
                 floating point number systems; guard digits; number
                 representation; rounding; statistical study",
  oldlabel =     "KukiC73",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/KukiC73",
}

@Article{Larson:1973:HSM,
  author =       "R. H. Larson",
  title =        "High Speed Multiply Using Four Input Carry Save
                 Adder",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "2053--2054",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 24 20:46:32 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Larson:1973:MSM,
  author =       "R. H. Larson",
  title =        "Medium Speed Multiply",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "2055--2055",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 24 20:42:28 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Lee:1973:SFP,
  author =       "Keng Ho Lee.",
  title =        "Survey of floating-point software arithmetics and
                 basic library mathematical functions",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "Glasgow University",
  address =      "Glasgow, Scotland",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:34:15 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Majithia:1973:NBL,
  author =       "J. C. Majithia and D. Levan",
  title =        "A note on base-2 logarithm computations",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1519--1520",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 18:05:03 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The well-known methods of iteration used suitably can
                 yield a more accurate and rapidly convergent
                 computation for the values of many functions. One
                 typical example is the base-2 logarithm-antilogarithm
                 computation. Some recently proposed techniques
                 \ldots{}",
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1973:MAP,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "A machine-independent {ALGOL} procedure for accurate
                 floating-point summation",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-73-374",
  institution =  "Stanford University, Computer Science Department",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "6",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@PhdThesis{Malcolm:1973:PAF,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "Part {I}: On accurate floating-point summation; Part
                 {II}: Computation of nonlinear spline functions",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 129",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; Interpolation;
                 spline theory",
}

@Article{Marasa:1973:SSC,
  author =       "John D. Marasa and David W. Matula",
  title =        "A simulated study of correlated error propagation in
                 various finite-precision arithmetics",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "587--597",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009111",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 20 05:07:23 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Marasa.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1973:ABC,
  author =       "Nicholas C. Metropolis",
  title =        "Analyzed Binary Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "573--576",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009109",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 21 09:24:37 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A single format for the representation of numbers in a
                 computer is proposed to accommodate both exact and
                 inexact quantities. A consistent set of rules is
                 described for addition (subtraction), multiplication,
                 and division of such quantities, both within their
                 separate types, as well as in combination. Error
                 correlation aside, the propagation of inherent errors
                 is monitored in operations with at least one imprecise
                 value. A definitive algorithm must, of course take into
                 account any correlations of inherent errors; these
                 correlations must be recognized and incorporated into
                 the algorithm by the numerical analyst, not by the
                 logical designer of the computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2; control of propagated errors; floating-point
                 representation; representation error; significant digit
                 arithmetic",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1973:SAC,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and Gian-Carlo Rota and S. Tanny",
  title =        "Significance arithmetic: the carrying algorithm",
  journal =      j-J-COMB-THEORY-A,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "386--421",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "JCBTA7",
  ISSN =         "0097-3165",
  MRclass =      "10A30 (02E10)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0321857 (48 \#222)",
  MRreviewer =   "R. L. Goodstein",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:22 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "It has been remarked that, in mathematics, a
                 notational deficiency is often a symptom of conceptual
                 obscurity. The starting point of this work is one such
                 deficiency. In ordinary binary arithmetic, a number
                 ending in a string of ones, such as $0.0110111\ldots{}$
                 is equal to the number obtained by replacing the digit
                 zero next to the string of ones by the digit one, and
                 the string of succeeding ones by zeros; in the example,
                 $0.0111000$",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A",
  ZMnumber =     "0259.00001",
}

@Article{Newbery:1973:EAF,
  author =       "A. C. R. Newbery",
  title =        "Error Analysis for {Fourier} Series Evaluation",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "123",
  pages =        "639--644",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290B (Error analysis in numerical methods); C4110
                 (Error analysis in numerical methods)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA",
  keywords =     "error analysis; evaluation; floating point; Fourier
                 series evaluation; numerical methods; polynomials;
                 recursive method; series (mathematics); trigonometric
                 polynomials",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{OKeefe:1973:RBE,
  author =       "Kenneth H. O'Keefe and John L. Wright",
  title =        "Remarks on Base Extension for Modular Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "833--835",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009173",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:31 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009173",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@MastersThesis{Parker:1973:DHF,
  author =       "Tony Edwin Parker",
  title =        "Design of a hardware floating point processor for the
                 {PDP-8s}",
  type =         "Thesis ({B.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Electrical Engineering",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "19",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Paterson:1973:NNM,
  author =       "Michael S. Paterson and Larry J. Stockmeyer",
  title =        "On the Number of Nonscalar Multiplications Necessary
                 to Evaluate Polynomials",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--66",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SMJCAT",
  ISSN =         "0097-5397 (print), 1095-7111 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-5397",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 29 10:57:40 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/sam-bin/dbq/toclist/SICOMP/2/1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 Theory/Matrix.bib",
  note =         "Cited in \cite{govl:89}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  kwds =         "na, polynomial, complexity",
}

@Article{Pittnauer:1973:AA,
  author =       "E. Pittnauer",
  title =        "{Eine Aussage {\"u}ber Alternanten} \toenglish {??}
                 \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "427--432",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Pittnauer:1973:NPK,
  author =       "E. Pittnauer",
  title =        "{Numerische Polynomapproximation mit Knotenpolynomen}
                 \toenglish {Numerical Polynomial Approximations with
                 Knot Polynomials} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "256--263",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@Book{Randell:1973:ODC,
  editor =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "The origins of digital computers: selected papers",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 464",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN =         "0-387-06169-X, 3-540-06169-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-06169-6, 978-3-540-06169-4",
  LCCN =         "TK7888.3 .R36",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:24:25 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See also later editions
                 \cite{Randell:1975:ODC,Randell:1982:ODC}.",
}

@Article{Richman:1973:VPE,
  author =       "Paul L. Richman",
  title =        "Variable-Precision Exponentiation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--40",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65D20",
  MRnumber =     "51 4631",
  MRreviewer =   "V. V. Ivanov",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:15:57 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Richman73;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A previous paper presented an efficient algorithm,
                 called the Recomputation Algorithm, for evaluating a
                 rational expression to within any desired tolerance on
                 a computer which performs variable-precision arithmetic
                 operations. The Recomputation Algorithm can be applied
                 to expressions involving any variable-precision
                 operations having $O(10^(-p) + \sum_i|E_i|)$ error
                 bounds, where $p$ denotes the operation's precision and
                 $E_i$ denotes the error in the operation's $i$-th
                 argument. \par

                 This paper presents an efficient variable-precision
                 exponential operation with an error bound of the above
                 order. Other operations such as log, sin, and cos,
                 which have simple series expansions, can be handled
                 similarly.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "723; 921",
  corpsource =   "Bell Telephone Labs. Inc., Denver, CO, USA",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "computer programming; digital arithmetic; error
                 analysis; exponential function; exponentiation;
                 interval arithmetic; mathematical programming; variable
                 precision; variable-precision",
  oldlabel =     "Richman73",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Richman73",
}

@Article{Robertson:1973:SIC,
  author =       "James E. Robertson and Kishor S. Trivedi",
  title =        "The status of investigations into computer hardware
                 design based on the use of continued fractions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "555--560",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009106",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Robertson.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2; continued fractions",
}

@Article{Roy:1973:ARC,
  author =       "P. K. Sinha Roy and C. L. Sheng",
  title =        "Author's Reply to Comments on {``Decomposition Method
                 of Determining Maximum Compatibles''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "627--627",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009119",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Sureshchander:1973:CDM}.",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Sureshchander.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@MastersThesis{Rubinfield:1973:FM,
  author =       "Louis P. Rubinfield",
  title =        "A floating-point macromodule",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Washington Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering",
  address =      "St. Louis, MO, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 111",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Design and
                 construction.",
}

@Article{Sankar:1973:AAN,
  author =       "P. V. Sankar and S. Chakrabarti and E. V.
                 Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Arithmetic Algorithms in a Negative Base",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "120--125",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223671",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:14 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672264",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Sankar:1973:DDA,
  author =       "P. V. Sankar and S. Chakrabarti and E. V.
                 Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Deterministic Division Algorithm in a Negative Base",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "125--128",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223672",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:14 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672265",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Schatte:1973:VMG,
  author =       "Peter Schatte",
  title =        "{Zur Verteilung der Mantisse in der
                 Gleitkommadarstellung einer Zufallsgr{\"o}{\ss}e}.
                 ({German}) [Distribution of the mantissa in the
                 floating-point representation of a random variable]",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "553--565",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ZAMMAX",
  ISSN =         "0044-2267",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-2267",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 14 16:35:28 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/benfords-law.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und
                 Mechanik}",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Schmid:1973:BLIa,
  author =       "H. Schmid",
  title =        "{BCD} logic {I}: {BCD} -- logic of many uses",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "90--95",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 08:17:30 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Schmid:1973:BLIb,
  author =       "H. Schmid",
  title =        "{BCD} logic {II}: {BCD} multiplication",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "62--69",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Schmid:1973:BLIc,
  author =       "H. Schmid",
  title =        "{BCD} logic {III}: {BCD} division",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "86--92",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Schmid:1973:BLId,
  author =       "H. Schmid",
  title =        "{BCD} logic {IV}: {BCD} decimal-point location",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "80--84",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Schmid:1973:BLVa,
  author =       "H. Schmid",
  title =        "{BCD} logic {V}: {BCD} square root",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "62--69",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Schmid:1973:BLVb,
  author =       "H. Schmid",
  title =        "{BCD} logic {VI}: {BCD} logarithms and exponentials",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "118--123",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Schmid:1973:BLVc,
  author =       "H. Schmid",
  title =        "{BCD} logic {VII}: {BCD} trig and hyperbolic
                 functions",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "19",
  pages =        "68--73",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Sentance:1973:FAB,
  author =       "W. A. Sentance",
  title =        "A Further Analysis of {Benford's Law}",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "490--494",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 17:58:46 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/11-5.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/11-5/sentance.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly",
}

@Article{Shea:1973:NDN,
  author =       "Dale D. Shea",
  title =        "On the Number of Divisions Needed in Finding the
                 Greatest Common Divisor",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "508--510",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 17:58:46 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/11-5.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/11-5/shea.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@Article{Singh:1973:MOA,
  author =       "S. Singh and R. Waxman",
  title =        "Multiple Operand Addition and Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "113--120",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223670",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:14 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672263",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Sites:1973:FPS,
  author =       "Richard L. Sites",
  title =        "Floating point significance interrupt proposal",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--12",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:40:28 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this proposal is to aid numerical
                 analysts in observing the significance of results in
                 floating-point calculations. This proposal is not a
                 cure-all, but it does attempt to a first, high-payoff
                 step in understanding and analyzing floating-point
                 algorithms. This proposal is specifically for IBM
                 360/370 architecture, but the ideas are applicable to
                 all machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The author observes that register clearing by
                 subtraction is common, and is one of the reasons that
                 ``all IBM language processors execute with significance
                 masked off.'' He proposes suppressing the significance
                 interrupt in subtractions when both operands are
                 equal.",
}

@Article{Sjoding:1973:NVR,
  author =       "T. Sjoding",
  title =        "Noise variance for rounded two's complement product
                 quantization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUDIO-ELECTROACOUST,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "378--380",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITADAS",
  ISSN =         "0018-9278",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:03 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The Halyo-McAlpine discrete model for product
                 quantization is reconstructed using an error variable
                 set having an even number of members. It is shown in
                 this case that the noise variance associated with a
                 continuous model becomes an upper rather \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Spira:1973:CTA,
  author =       "Philip M. Spira",
  title =        "Computation Times of Arithmetic and {Boolean}
                 functions in $(d,r)$ circuits",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "552--555",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009105",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Spira.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Book{Stone:1973:DMS,
  author =       "Harold S. Stone",
  title =        "Discrete mathematical structures and their
                 applications",
  publisher =    "Science Research Associates",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "401",
  year =         "1973",
  LCCN =         "QA162 .S877d; QA162 .S77",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 19:24:02 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "The SRA computer science series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Algebra, Abstract; Group theory; Machine theory",
  tableofcontents = "Foundations of discrete mathematics. \\
                 Groups. \\
                 The P\'olya theory of enumeration. \\
                 Applications of group theory to computer design. \\
                 Group codes. \\
                 Semigroups. \\
                 Finite-state machines. \\
                 Rings and fields. \\
                 Linear -finite-state machines. \\
                 Boolean algebra with applications to computer design.",
}

@Article{Sureshchander:1973:CDM,
  author =       "Sureshchander",
  title =        "Comments on {``Decomposition Method of Determining
                 Maximum Compatibles''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "627--627",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009118",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:18:24 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Roy:1973:ARC}.",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Sureshchander.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
  xxnote =       "Author has only a single name",
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1973:QSM,
  author =       "E. E. {Swartzlander, Jr.}",
  title =        "The Quasi-Serial Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "317--321",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223717",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:19 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672310",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Urabe:1973:CEA,
  author =       "Minoru Urabe",
  title =        "Component-wise error analysis of iterative methods
                 practiced on a floating-point system",
  journal =      j-MEM-FAC-SCI-KYUSHU-UNIV-A,
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "23--64",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "MFKAAF",
  ISSN =         "0373-6385",
  MRclass =      "65H10",
  MRnumber =     "48 1457",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "D. C. Handscomb",
}

@PhdThesis{Wiatrowski:1973:DFP,
  author =       "Claude A. Wiatrowski",
  title =        "Design of a floating-point processor for digital
                 simulation",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.} - Electrical Engineering)",
  school =       "University of Arizona",
  address =      "Tucson, AZ, USA",
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic and logic units.; Computer storage
                 devices.",
}

@Article{Yau:1973:ECR,
  author =       "S. S.-S. Yau and Yu-Cheng Liu",
  title =        "Error Correction in Redundant Residue Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--11",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1973.223594;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:11 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672187;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35069",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Two error-correcting algorithms for redundant residue
                 number systems are presented, one for single
                 residue-error correction and the other for burst
                 residue-error correction. Neither algorithm requires
                 table lookup, and hence their implementation \ldots{}",
}

@TechReport{Yohe:1973:FFPa,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "Foundations of floating point computer arithmetic",
  type =         "{MRC} Technical Summary Report",
  number =       "1302",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  pages =        "25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A formal structure, within which computer arithmetic
                 operations may be defined, is described. Several
                 floating point arithmetic schemes are defined within
                 this context. The structure described in the paper
                 includes, as a sub-structure, the significance spaces
                 of Matula.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computers.; Floating-point arithmetic.",
  remark =       "January 1973. Sponsored by Army Research Office,
                 Durham, NC, USA.",
}

@Article{Yohe:1973:IBS,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "Interval Bounds for Square Roots and Cube Roots",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--57",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA",
  classification = "C5230",
  description =  "digital arithmetic; error analysis",
  keywords =     "binary computers; cube roots; error analysis; interval
                 bounds; machine representable number; optimal upward
                 directed rounding; smallest machine representable
                 interval; square roots",
}

@Article{Yohe:1973:RFP,
  author =       "J. Michael Yohe",
  title =        "Roundings in Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "577--586",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1973.5009110",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 16:45:25 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009110;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith2/papers/ARITH2_Yohe.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper we discuss directed roundings and
                 indicate how hardware might be designed to produce
                 proper upward directed, downward directed, and certain
                 commonly used symmetric roundings. Algorithms for the
                 four binary arithmetic operations and for rounding are
                 presented, together with proofs of their correctness;
                 appropriate formulas for a priori error analysis of
                 these algorithms are presented. Some of the basic
                 applications of directed roundings are surveyed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr # "\slash " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "ARITH-2",
}

@Article{Banerji:1974:NIM,
  author =       "D. K. Banerji",
  title =        "A Novel Implementation Method for Addition and
                 Subtraction in Residue Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--109",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223790;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:29 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672383;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35077",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "This correspondence describes an implementation scheme
                 for the operations of addition and subtraction in the
                 residue number systems. The method is based on the
                 property that the set of residues modulo m form a
                 finite group under addition and \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Banerji:1974:URA,
  author =       "D. K. Banerji",
  title =        "On the Use of Residue Arithmetic for Computation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1315--1317",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223855",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:38 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672448",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Barsi:1974:EDC,
  author =       "F. Barsi and P. Maestrini",
  title =        "Error Detection and Correction by Product Codes in
                 Residue Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "915--924",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.224055;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:35 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672648;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35088",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The arithmetic error detecting and correcting
                 capabilities of product (AN) codes in residue number
                 systems (RNS) are described. The redundancy necessary
                 and sufficient to allow single residue digit error
                 detection or correction is determined, under \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Blankenship:1974:CTC,
  author =       "P. E. Blankenship",
  title =        "Comments on {``A Two's Complement Parallel Array
                 Multiplication Algorithm''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1327--1327",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223862",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:38 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Baugh:1973:TCP,Kroft:1974:CTC}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672455",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Boyes:1974:BNS,
  author =       "J. D. Boyes",
  title =        "Binary Noise Sources Incorporating Modulo-{$N$}
                 Dividers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "550--552",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223980",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:33 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672573",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Brent:1974:FEP,
  author =       "Barry Brent",
  title =        "Functional Equations with Prime Roots from Arithmetic
                 Expressions for {$G_\alpha$}",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "199--207",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 17:58:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/12-2.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/12-2/brent1.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@Article{Brown:1974:BDE,
  author =       "D. A. H. Brown",
  title =        "Biquinary Decimal Error Detection Codes with One, Two
                 and Three Check Digits",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "201--204",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_03/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_03/tiff/201.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_03/tiff/202.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_03/tiff/203.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_03/tiff/204.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Royal Radar Establ., Malvern, UK",
  keywords =     "biquinary decimal error detection codes; check digits;
                 computer systems, digital; computers --- Debugging;
                 decimal floating-point arithmetic; digital arithmetic;
                 error detection codes; polynomial coding",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Brown:1974:SEC,
  author =       "D. A. H. Brown",
  title =        "Some Error Correcting Codes for Certain Transposition
                 and Transcription Errors in Decimal Integers",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--12",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:12:29 2003",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/10.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/11.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/12.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/9.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C6130 (Data
                 handling techniques)",
  classification = "731",
  corpsource =   "Royal Radar Establ., Malvern, UK",
  keywords =     "algorithm; block; codes, symbolic; cyclic; decimal
                 floating-point arithmetic; decimal integers; digital
                 arithmetic; error correcting codes; error correction
                 codes; modulus 11; transcription; transposition",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Carta:1974:HLR,
  author =       "David G. Carta",
  title =        "Help!!: {The} Lost Reference: ({A} Modified {Newton}
                 Method for Square Roots)",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9--9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1206085.1206086",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 17 18:47:00 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Around 1970 I saw a journal article describing a
                 modified Newton iteration for square roots. It involved
                 changing the usual factor of 0.5 in $x_{n+1} = 0.5 (x_n
                 + a / x_n)$ to $c_n$ where $c_n \rightarrow 0.5$,
                 thereby increasing the asymptotic rate of convergence
                 from $e_{n+1} = 0.5 e_n^2$ to $e_{n+1} = 0.25 e_n^2$.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Catlin:1974:MR,
  author =       "Paul A. Catlin",
  title =        "On the Multiplication of Recurrences",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "365--367",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 17:58:54 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/12-4.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/12-4/catlin2.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly. Official Organ of the
                 Fibonacci Association",
}

@Article{Chakrabarti:1974:DCA,
  author =       "S. Chakrabarti",
  title =        "Divide-and-Correct Algorithm for Division in a
                 Negative Base",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "981--983",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.224066",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:35 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672659",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Chan:1974:REM,
  author =       "O. Chan and E. Jury",
  title =        "Roundoff error in multidimensional generalized
                 discrete transforms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "100--108",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The analysis of rounding error in the one-dimensional
                 fast Fourier transform (FFT) is extended to a class of
                 generalized orthogonal transforms [1] with a common
                 fast algorithm similar to the FFT algorithm. This class
                 includes the BInary FOurier \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Dalhquist:1974:NM,
  author =       "Germund Dalhquist and {\AA}ke Bj{\"o}rck and Ned
                 Anderson",
  title =        "Numerical Methods",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 573",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-13-627315-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-627315-8",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .D131 1969",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 14 22:44:59 1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Prentice-Hall Series in Automatic Computation",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Davis:1974:USN,
  author =       "R. L. Davis",
  title =        "Uniform Shift Networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "317--322",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224214",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:48:43 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Fateman:1974:PMP,
  author =       "Richard J. Fateman",
  title =        "Polynomial Multiplication, Powers, and asymptotic
                 Analysis: {Some} Comments",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "196--213",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SMJCAT",
  ISSN =         "0097-5397 (print), 1095-7111 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-5397",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 29 10:57:57 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/sam-bin/dbq/toclist/SICOMP/3/3;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 Theory/auto.diff.bib; Theory/Comp.Alg.1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  referred =     "[Bren78a].",
}

@Article{Fettweis:1974:PFP,
  author =       "A. Fettweis",
  title =        "On properties of floating-point roundoff noise",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "149--151",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The probability density and related properties of the
                 relative error due to rounding after floating-point
                 arithmetic operations can be computed from the
                 distributions of the mantissa and its absolute error.
                 Various results obtained, in particular, \ldots{}",
}

@MastersThesis{Fischer:1974:FPP,
  author =       "David Michael Fischer",
  title =        "Floating point processor for teleoperator studies",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Mechanical Engineering",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "35 + 14",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gardiner:1974:CAI,
  author =       "A. B. Gardiner",
  title =        "Comments on {``An Augmented Iterative Array for High
                 Speed Division''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "326--327",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223931",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:31 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Cappa:1973:AIA}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672524",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Gentleman:1974:MAR,
  author =       "M. W. Gentleman and S. B. Marovich",
  title =        "More on Algorithms that Reveal Properties of Floating
                 Point Arithmetic Units",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "276--277",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 09:19:10 1999",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Malcolm:1972:ARP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Hildebrand:1974:INA,
  author =       "Francis Begnaud Hildebrand",
  title =        "Introduction to numerical analysis",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xiii + 669",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-07-028761-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-028761-7",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .H54 1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 09:19:58 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "International series in pure and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprinted in \cite{Hildebrand:1987:INA}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis",
}

@Article{Hill:1974:RFF,
  author =       "Bruce M. Hill",
  title =        "The rank-frequency form of {Zipf}'s law",
  journal =      j-J-AM-STAT-ASSOC,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "348",
  pages =        "1017--1026",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "JSTNAL",
  ISSN =         "0162-1459 (print), 1537-274X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0162-1459",
  MRclass =      "62E15",
  MRnumber =     "0426242 (54 \#14188)",
  MRreviewer =   "S. M. Samuels",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 12 09:13:23 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/benfords-law.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jamstatassoc.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B0240 (Probability and statistics); C1140
                 (Probability and statistics)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Statistics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,
                 USA",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the American Statistical Association",
  keywords =     "Bose--Einstein allocation; distribution; random
                 processes; rank frequency form; statistics; Zipf's
                 law",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0301.60011",
}

@TechReport{Hull:1974:LFM,
  author =       "T. E. Hull and J. J. Hofbauer",
  title =        "Language facilities for multiple precision floating
                 point computation, with examples, and the description
                 of a preprocessor",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "63",
  institution =  "University of Toronto, Dept. of Computer Science",
  address =      "Toronto, ON, Canada",
  pages =        "vi + 84",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic; Electronic digital
                 computers --- Programming",
}

@Article{Kinoshita:1974:FPA,
  author =       "Eisuke Kinoshita and Hideo Kosako and Yoshiaki
                 Kojima",
  title =        "Floating-Point Arithmetic Algorithms in the Symmetric
                 Residue Number System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--20",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223772",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  MRclass =      "68A10",
  MRnumber =     "50 9042",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:29 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672365;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35077",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  reviewer =     "M. S. Cheema",
  summary =      "The residue number system is an integer number system
                 and is inconvenient to represent numbers with
                 fractional parts. In the symmetric residue system, a
                 new representation of floating-point numbers and
                 arithmetic algorithms for its addition, \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Kroft:1974:CTC,
  author =       "D. Kroft",
  title =        "Comments on {``A Two's Complement Parallel Array
                 Multiplication Algorithm''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1327--1328",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223863",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:38 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Baugh:1973:TCP,Blankenship:1974:CTC}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672456",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Kulisch:1974:PCC,
  author =       "U. Kulisch",
  title =        "Formalization and implementation of floating-point
                 arithmetics",
  crossref =     "Panagiotopoulos:1974:PCC",
  pages =        "328--369",
  year =         "1974",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "57 14392",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "R. H. Bartels",
}

@Article{Linnainmaa:1974:ASK,
  author =       "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  title =        "Analysis of Some Known Methods of Improving the
                 Accuracy of Floating-Point Sums",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "167--202",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01932946",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "58 3381",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:05:19 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=14&issue=2&spage=167",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; floating-point
                 arithmetic; rounding errors",
  reviewer =     "H. Ratschek",
}

@InCollection{Metropolis:1974:SAA,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and Gian-Carlo Rota",
  booktitle =    "Studies in numerical analysis (papers in honour of
                 {Cornelius Lanczos} on the occasion of his 80th
                 birthday)",
  title =        "Significance arithmetic---on the algebra of binary
                 strings",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "241--251",
  year =         "1974",
  MRclass =      "02F43 (68A15)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0354335 (50 \#6815)",
  MRreviewer =   "Stephen Tanny",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZMnumber =     "0311.65031",
}

@InProceedings{Miller:1974:CCN,
  author =       "Webb Miller",
  title =        "Computational complexity and numerical stability",
  crossref =     "ACM:1974:CRS",
  pages =        "317--322",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 24 12:46:29 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Moon:1974:MRM,
  author =       "David A. Moon",
  title =        "{MacLISP} Reference Manual",
  organization = "MIT Project MAC",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 16:47:55 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "From \cite{Steele:2004:RHP}: ``In early 1971, he
                 [White] began to analyze the machine-language algorithm
                 used in the implementation of MacLisp (described in
                 this report) to convert PDP-10 floating-point numbers
                 into decimal notation.''",
}

@Article{Neumaier:1974:REV,
  author =       "A. Neumaier",
  title =        "{Rundungsfehleranalyse Einiger Verfahren Zur Summation
                 Endlicher Summen}. ({German}) [{Rounding} error
                 analysis of a method for summation of finite sums]",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH,
  volume =       "54",
  pages =        "39--51",
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ZAMMAX",
  ISSN =         "0044-2267",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@Article{Newbery:1974:EAP,
  author =       "A. C. R. Newbery",
  title =        "Error Analysis for Polynomial Evaluation",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "127",
  pages =        "789--793",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290B (Error analysis in numerical methods); B0290D
                 (Functional analysis); C4110 (Error analysis in
                 numerical methods); C4120 (Functional analysis)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA",
  keywords =     "analysis; Chebyshev; computable error bound; error
                 analysis; floating point error; function evaluation;
                 Horner's scheme; polynomial evaluation; polynomials",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@MastersThesis{Prezas:1974:FPA,
  author =       "Pericles Panos Prezas",
  title =        "Floating point arithmetic unit",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  publisher =    "The author",
  school =       "Illinois Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Chicago, IL.",
  pages =        "ix + 77",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Renner:1974:RRN,
  author =       "K. Renner and S. Gupta",
  title =        "Reduction of roundoff noise in wave digital filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "305--310",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Roundoff noise generated by arithmetic operations in a
                 digital-filter computational sequence is undesirable in
                 that it serves to distort the true signal at the
                 output. Furthermore, coefficient wordlength is directly
                 related to the generated noise. \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Scaife:1974:SNA,
  editor =       "B. K. P. Scaife",
  title =        "Studies in numerical analysis",
  publisher =    "The Royal Irish Academy",
  address =      "Dublin, Ireland",
  pages =        "xxii + 333",
  year =         "1974",
  MRclass =      "65-06",
  MRnumber =     "MR0347039 (49 \#11759)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 19:02:54 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Papers in honour of Cornelius Lanczos on the occasion
                 of his 80th birthday",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Schmid:1974:DC,
  author =       "Hermann Schmid",
  title =        "Decimal Computation",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 266",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-471-76180-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-76180-8",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S34",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:05 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted \cite{Schmid:1983:DC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Sites:1974:SBD,
  author =       "R. L. Sites",
  title =        "Serial Binary Division by Ten",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1299--1301",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223849",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 18:02:35 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A technique is presented for dividing a positive
                 binary integer by ten, in which the bits of the input
                 are presented serially, low-order bit first. A complete
                 division by ten is performed in two word times
                 (comparable to the time needed for two serial
                 additions). The technique can be useful in serial
                 conversions from binary to decimal, or in scaling
                 binary numbers by powers of 10.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "decimal arithmetic",
}

@Book{Sterbenz:1974:FPC,
  author =       "Pat H. Sterbenz",
  title =        "Floating Point Computation",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 316",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-13-322495-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-322495-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.I12 S771 1974",
  MRclass =      "68A05 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "50 1556",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 29 08:01:36 1999",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/benfords-law.bib
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Prentice-Hall Series in Automatic Computation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Compiling (Electronic computers); Computation by
                 computer systems --- Floating point representation;
                 Floating-point arithmetic; IBM 360 (Computer) ---
                 Programming",
  remark =       "From p. 116: ``There is general agreement that the
                 mantissas of floating-point numbers are not uniformly
                 distributed. [See Hamming (1962)
                 [\cite{Hamming:1962:NMS}], Pinkham (1961)
                 [Pinkham:1961:DFS], or Knuth (1969) [Knuth:1969:SNM].]
                 Instead, it is customary to assume that they are
                 distributed logarithmically, that is, that the
                 probability density function is

                 $$(3.12.9) f(m)= \frac{1}{m \ln r}, \qquad r^{-1} \leq
                 m \leq 1.$$

                 This assumption is based on the following observations:
                 First, this distribution reproduces itself under
                 multiplication, but a uniform distribution does not.
                 [See Hamming (1962) [\cite{Hamming:1962:NMS}] and
                 Exercise 20.] A second justification is based on the
                 fact that many of the numbers that arise in computation
                 represent measurable quantities such as lengths,
                 forces, etc., and it is reasonable to believe that the
                 distribution of the mantissas of such quantities is
                 independent of the units in which they are measured.
                 Pinkham (1961) shows that this leads to the conclusion
                 that the distribution of mantissas must be
                 logarithmic.''",
  reviewer =     "F. J. Murray",
}

@Article{Suter:1974:MAA,
  author =       "B. W. Suter",
  title =        "The Modular Arithmetic of Arbitrarily Long Sequences
                 of Digits",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1301--1303",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223850",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:38 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672443",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Syslo:1974:RAP,
  author =       "M. M. Syslo",
  title =        "Remarks on addition processes of positive
                 floating-point numbers",
  journal =      j-ZASTOS-MAT,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "415--417",
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ZAMTAK",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "50 8953",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "Sven-{\AA}ke Gustafson",
}

@PhdThesis{Thompson:1974:IUF,
  author =       "Jackie Lloyd Thompson",
  title =        "An implementation of user-oriented floating point
                 arithmetic",
  type =         "Dissertation ({Ph.D.} in {Computing Science})",
  school =       "Texas A\&M University",
  address =      "College Station, TX, USA",
  pages =        "150",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tsao:1974:DSD,
  author =       "Nai Kuan Tsao",
  title =        "On the Distributions of Significant Digits and
                 Roundoff Errors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "269--271",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "49 6595",
  MRreviewer =   "N. N. Abdelmalek",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:26:38 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#Tsao74;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Generalized logarithmic law is derived for the
                 distribution of the first $t$ significant digits of a
                 random digital integer. This result is then used to
                 determine the distribution of the roundoff errors in
                 floating-point operations, which is a mixture of
                 uniform and reciprocal distributions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "921",
  corpsource =   "Aerospace Res. Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; digital arithmetic; digital integer;
                 distributions; error analysis; floating point
                 operations; Law of Anomalous Numbers; logarithmic law;
                 mathematical techniques; mean value; random;
                 reciprocal; roundoff errors; significant digits;
                 uniform distribution; variance; Zipf's Law",
  oldlabel =     "Tsao74",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Tsao74",
}

@Article{Tsao:1974:SPE,
  author =       "Nai-Kuan Tsao",
  title =        "Some a Posteriori Error Bounds in Floating-Point
                 Computations",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--17",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "49 8319",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:06:33 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "N. N. Abdelmalek",
}

@Article{Walker:1974:FGU,
  author =       "A. J. Walker",
  title =        "Fast generation of uniformly distributed pseudorandom
                 numbers with floating-point representation",
  journal =      j-ELECT-LETTERS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "25--26",
  pages =        "533--534",
  day =          "12",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ELLEAK",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19740423",
  ISSN =         "0013-5194 (print), 1350-911X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0013-5194",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 30 16:39:46 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/prng.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4245313",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-URL =     "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2220",
  fjournal =     "Electronics Letters",
}

@Article{Agrawal:1975:AAN,
  author =       "D. P. Agrawal",
  title =        "Arithmetic Algorithms in a Negative Base",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "998--1000",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224109",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:57 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672702",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Agrawal:1975:OAL,
  author =       "Dharma P. Agrawal",
  title =        "Optimum Array-Like Structures for High-Speed
                 Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "208--219",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Agrawal.pdf",
  abstract =     "Array-like structures for high-speed multiplication,
                 division, square and square-root operations have been
                 described in this paper. In these designs the division
                 and square-rooting time have been made to approach to
                 that of multiplication operation. These structures are
                 optimum from speed and versatility point of view. Most
                 of the cellular arrays described in the literature are
                 adequately slow. The time delay is particularly
                 significant in the division and square-rooting
                 operations due to the ripple effect of the carries.
                 Though the carry-save technique has been widely
                 utilized for multiplication operation, it has been only
                 recently employed by Cappa et al. in the design of a
                 nonrestoring divider array. This requires sign-bit
                 detection that makes the array non-uniform. Such an
                 array has been named as an array-like structure. The
                 carry-save method has been extended here for restoring
                 division operation. Due to sign-detection and overflow
                 correction requirements, the restoring method is
                 slightly complex. But the main advantage of such
                 restoring array is in its simple extension for
                 multiplication operation. The array for the two
                 operations, when pipelined, will have more computing
                 power than all other multiplier-divider arrays.
                 Suggestions have also been included for further speed
                 improvement.\par

                 The technique applied for division operation is as well
                 applicable for the square-rooting and an array-like
                 structure for square-square-rooting operations has also
                 been given. For performing any one of the four
                 operations, the only manipulation to be done is to
                 combine the two arrays; one for multiplication-division
                 and another for square-square-rooting. Possible.
                 methods of combining the two arrays have been indicated
                 and their relative advantages and disadvantages have
                 been mentioned. Finally, a generalized pipeline
                 array-like structure with complete internal details and
                 for 4-bit operation, has been shown. Due consideration
                 has also been given to the possibility of
                 large-scale-integration of different arrays presented
                 in this paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Atkins:1975:HRN,
  author =       "Daniel E. Atkins",
  title =        "Higher Radix, Non-restoring Division: History and
                 recent Developments",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "158--167",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:43:08 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Atkins.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper reviews work related to the theory and
                 application of higher-radix. non-restoring division as
                 originally defined by Robertson in 1958.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Avizienis:1975:RNR,
  author =       "Algirdas Avi{\v{z}}ienis",
  title =        "Redundancy in Number Representations as an Aspect of
                 Computational Complexity of Arithmetic Functions",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "87--89",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Avizienis.pdf",
  abstract =     "Recent research has led to the derivation of bounds
                 for the time required to perform arithmetic operations
                 by means of logical elements with a limited number of
                 inputs [1--4]. The model of a $(d, r)$ logical circuit
                 $C$ employed in these studies consists of a set of
                 $(d,r)$ logical elements and a rule of interconnection
                 with designated sets of input and output lines. The
                 $(d,r)$ logical element has $r$ input lines and one
                 output line; these lines can assume one of $d$ distinct
                 states. The $(d,r)$ logical element has a unit time
                 delay; that is, the state of the output line at the
                 time $t+1$ is a function of the states of the input
                 lines at time $t$.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Baker:1975:MER,
  author =       "P. W. Baker",
  title =        "More Efficient Radix-2 Algorithms for Some Elementary
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1049--1054",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224132",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Banerji:1975:CLS,
  author =       "D. K. Banerji",
  title =        "On Combinational Logic for Sign Detection in Residue
                 Number Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "113--116",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Banerji.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper is concerned with the algebraic sign
                 detection of a number in a residue number system. The
                 proposed solution is applicable only to nonredundant
                 systems. The method utilizes a systematic decomposition
                 of the sign function $S$ that is based on some special
                 properties of $S$. Starting with the canonical
                 sum-of-products expression for $S$, we transform the
                 expression to a form whose realization is simpler than
                 the canonical form realization and, if possible, also
                 simpler than the minimal sum-of-products realization.
                 In some cases, the proposed method yields savings as
                 high as 85\% compared to the minimal sum-of-products
                 realization for $S$.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Basu:1975:SPN,
  author =       "D. Basu and T. Jayashree",
  title =        "On a Simple Postcorrection for Nonrestoring Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1019--1020",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224116",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:57 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672709",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Benedek:1975:DLB,
  author =       "M. Benedek",
  title =        "Developing Large Binary to {BCD} Conversion
                 Structures",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "188--196",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Benedek.pdf",
  abstract =     "Static binary to BCD conversion has been described in
                 many papers during the last decade, but none of the
                 methods presented were practical for the conversion of
                 large number of binary bits.\par

                 In this paper it is intended to further develop static
                 conversions by the expansion of the original BIDEC
                 method (Ref. 1). There are quite a few static
                 conversion schemes published which use other methods of
                 conversion. The static method, developed from the
                 BIDEC, lends itself best for the expansion to larger
                 structures as in its original ``correct and shift''
                 form there were no basic limitations on the size of the
                 binary words to be converted. with the appearance of
                 large bipolar ROMs and the even larger but somewhat
                 slower MOS ROMs there is a renewed interest in large
                 structures for fast binary to BCD conversions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Bivins:1975:SAA,
  author =       "R. L. Bivins and N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Significance Arithmetic: Application to a Partial
                 Differential Equation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "64--66",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 19 18:17:32 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Also available as Los Alamos Technical Report
                 LA-UR-75-1763 CONF-751103-1.",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Bivins.pdf",
  abstract =     "The methods of significance arithmetic are applied to
                 the numerical solution of a nonlinear partial
                 differential equation. The authors approach permits the
                 use of initial values having imprecision considerably
                 greater than that of rounding error; moreover, the
                 intermediate and final quantities are monitored so that
                 at any stage the precision of such quantities is
                 available. An algorithm is found that represents
                 faithfully the solution to a difference equation
                 approximation to Burger's equation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3; significance arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Bohlender:1975:FPC,
  author =       "G. Bohlender",
  title =        "Floating-Point Computation of Functions with Maximum
                 Accuracy",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "14--23",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Bohlender.pdf",
  abstract =     "Algorithms are given which compute multiple sums and
                 products and arbitrary roots of floating-point numbers
                 with maximum accuracy. The summation algorithm can be
                 applied to compute scalar products, matrix products,
                 etc. For all these functions, simple error formulas and
                 the smallest floating-point intervals containing the
                 exact result can be obtained.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@TechReport{Brent:1975:FMP,
  author =       "R. P. Brent",
  title =        "A {Fortran} Multiple-Precision Arithmetic Package",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Australian National
                 University",
  address =      "Canberra, Australia",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 06 07:38:05 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; multiple-precision
                 arithmetic",
}

@TechReport{Brent:1975:MZM,
  author =       "R. P. (Richard P.) Brent",
  title =        "Multiple-precision zero-finding methods and the
                 complexity of elementary function evaluation",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon
                 University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  pages =        "26",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 11 10:14:06 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Iterative methods (Mathematics)",
  searchkey =    "ti:elementary n1 function",
}

@Article{Brubaker:1975:MUL,
  author =       "T. A. Brubaker and J. C. Becker",
  title =        "Multiplication Using Logarithms Implemented with
                 Read-Only Memory",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "761--765",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224307",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:56 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672900",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Caprani:1975:REF,
  author =       "Ole Caprani",
  title =        "Round-off Errors in Floating-Point Summation",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--9",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01932993",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "58 19088",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; floating-point
                 arithmetic; rounding errors",
  xxtitle =      "Roundoff errors in floating-point summation",
}

@Article{Chen:1975:SER,
  author =       "Tien Chi Chen and Irving T. Ho",
  title =        "Storage-Efficient Representation of Decimal Data",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "49--52",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "94A15 (68A20)",
  MRnumber =     "50 16105",
  MRreviewer =   "R. N. Goss",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:30:44 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm18.html#ChenH75;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Collection of articles honoring {Alston S.
                 Householder}. See comment \cite{Smith:1975:CPC}.",
  abstract =     "Usually $n$ decimal digits are represented by $4n$
                 bits in computers. Actually, two BCD digits can be
                 compressed optimally and reversibly into $7$ bits, and
                 three digits into $10$ bits, by a very simple algorithm
                 based on the fixed-length combination of two variable
                 field-length encodings. In over half of the cases the
                 compressed code results from the conventional BCD code
                 by simple removal of redundant $0$ bits. A long decimal
                 message can be subdivided into three-digit blocks, and
                 separately compressed; the result differs from the
                 asymptotic minimum length by only $0.34$ percent. The
                 hardware requirement is small, and the mappings can be
                 done manually.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  classification = "722; 921",
  corpsource =   "IBM San Jose Res. Lab., CA, USA",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "asymptotic minimum; binary coded decimal; codes;
                 compressed code; data compression; data storage units;
                 decimal data; decimal floating-point arithmetic; fixed
                 length combination; hardware; length; length encodings;
                 mathematical techniques --- Digital Arithmetic;
                 representation; storage efficient; variable field",
  oldlabel =     "ChenH75",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/ChenH75",
}

@InProceedings{Chinal:1975:LMA,
  author =       "Jean P. Chinal",
  title =        "The Logic of Modulo $2^k+1$ Adders",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "126--136",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Chinal_2.pdf",
  abstract =     "The design of modulo $2^k + 1$ adders for arbitrary
                 $k$ is considered, with the objective of achieving a
                 logic structure as regular as possible so as to allow a
                 convenient implementation in large-scale integration
                 technology (LSI). It is shown how the design problem
                 can be reduced. to the recursive generation of a
                 subtract signal and to the merging, in various degrees,
                 of the corresponding logic with the logic of an
                 ordinary adder or, alternately, of a so-called {\em
                 signed-carry adder\/} which is defined and designed
                 itself in general, with both recursive and explicit
                 carry schemes. Modulo $2^k + 1$ adder designs are
                 given, one with conventional adder, another based on
                 signed-carry adder and a third, derived from the
                 signed-carry scheme, where subtract signal generation
                 and carry logic are merged. This last scheme can be set
                 up with two backward recursion chains and five or six
                 forward ones. Two more basic variants are finally
                 indicated for this integrated scheme, aiming at
                 reducing as much as possible the residual logic
                 structure irregularity presented by the most
                 significant position in the word.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Chinal:1975:MA,
  author =       "Jean P. Chinal",
  title =        "Mirror Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "98--107",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Chinal_1.pdf",
  abstract =     "Mirror coding for signed numbers is defined by means
                 of a set of primitive powers of two $\{+2^n, -2^{n-1},
                 \ldots{}, -2^0\}$ where signs of the usual set used in
                 2's complement representation are reversed. Use of the
                 mirror representation is shown as an alternate design
                 approach and is illustrated by a special purpose adder
                 design in mirror code, by an alternate proof of a basic
                 property of signed-digit arithmetic and as another
                 interpretation of cells used in some array multipliers
                 for signed numbers. Lastly, the concept is used to
                 define a variable mode redundant coding, allowing
                 simple sign-flipping without overflow.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Cobb:1975:IPS,
  author =       "Gary W. Cobb",
  title =        "The Impact of Parallelism on Software",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "220--222",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Cobb.pdf",
  abstract =     "There seems to be a tug-of-war raging between computer
                 procurement technical evaluation committees, computer
                 designers and scholars of computer science and
                 numerical analysis over the issue of parallelism in
                 computations. Caught in the middle seems to be the user
                 community and the compiler writers. For the scope of
                 this paper, the term ``user community'' will be assumed
                 to be Fortran programmers who are involved in solving
                 problems that require large computer resources, e.g.,
                 plasma research, weather prediction, ray tracing,
                 seismic analysis, econometric modeling, weapons
                 research, reactor calculation, etc.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{DeMori:1975:MMM,
  author =       "Renato {De Mori} and Michele Elia and Angelo Serra",
  title =        "Minimization Methods for Macrocellular Arithmetic
                 Networks",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "232--240",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_DeMori.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a new method to study arithmetic
                 combinatorial circuits. Using polynomial associated to
                 the input-output sequences and to the system, it is
                 possible to solve the problem of minimization of the
                 number of the component blocks. Particularly, the
                 important case of the multiple outputs elementary units
                 can be treated.\par

                 Applications of the introduced procedures to multiplier
                 and to fast networks for performing convolution are
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Deverell:1975:PIA,
  author =       "J. Deverell",
  title =        "Pipeline Iterative Arithmetic Arrays",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "317--322",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224214",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 18:46:50 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Ercegovac:1975:GME,
  author =       "Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "A General Method for Evaluation of Functions in a
                 Digital Computer",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "147--157",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Ercegovac.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a recently discovered general
                 computational method, amenable for efficient
                 implementation in digital computing systems. The method
                 provides a unique, simple and fast algorithm for
                 solving many computational problems, such as the
                 evaluation of polynomials, rational functions and
                 arithmetic expressions, or solving a class of systems
                 of linear equations, or performing the basic
                 arithmetics. In particular, the method is well suited
                 for fast evaluation of commonly used mathematical
                 functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@MastersThesis{Fawcett:1975:MCR,
  author =       "B. K. Fawcett",
  title =        "Maximal Clocking Rates for Pipelined Digital Systems",
  type =         "{M.S.} thesis",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
                 Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:50:56 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Foster:1975:CNM,
  author =       "Caxton Foster and Edward Riseman and Fred Stockton and
                 Conrad Wogrin",
  title =        "{CHARGOGGAGGOGGMANCHAUGAGOGGCHAUBUNAGUNGAMAUG}: {A}
                 Novel Multiply-by-Three Circuit",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "185--187",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Foster.pdf",
  abstract =     "Recently, while considering the connection of a 48 bit
                 word computer to a 16 bit computer, we felt the need
                 for a fast and inexpensive device that would multiply a
                 binary address by a factor of three. Since $3N = N +
                 2N$, there is an obvious solution of providing a normal
                 adder circuit and presenting one set of inputs with $N$
                 and the other with $N$-shifted left one place. But,
                 there is a great deal of redundancy here since knowing
                 one input we have complete knowledge of the
                 other.\par

                 Seeking to take advantage of this redundancy, we have
                 spent some twenty man hours and have saved one gate per
                 stage over a conventional full adder. Since the
                 ultimate circuit is to be a ``one-of'' this is scarcely
                 economic, but it has been fun. Before going further,
                 the interested reader may enjoy puzzling over the
                 problem for himself. We make no pretense of minimality,
                 but we have a circuit with 6 gates per stage and a
                 propagation delay of one gate per stage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
  remark =       "Footnote to title: The title of this paper refers to
                 the Indian name of a lake in Massachusetts which
                 reputedly means ``You fish on your side, I fish on my
                 side, nobody fish in the middle.'",
}

@InProceedings{Gabrielian:1975:FSN,
  author =       "Armen Gabrielian",
  title =        "Formal Systems of Numerals",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "76--81",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Gabrielian.pdf",
  abstract =     "A new system of numerals is introduced for
                 representing numbers in base $2^N$, for $N \leq 8$. The
                 new notation greatly simplifies arithmetical operations
                 on numbers. For example, for $N = 3(4)$ one obtains a
                 notation for octal (hexadecimal) numbers in which one
                 can perform addition and multiplication much more
                 easily than in the standard notation. For $N = 8$ one
                 obtains a practical way of representing numbers to the
                 base 256. A simplification of the decimal notation is
                 also presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{George:1975:ARR,
  author =       "James E. George",
  title =        "Algorithms to Reveal the Representation of Characters,
                 Integers, and Floating-Point Numbers",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "210--216",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355644.355647",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 26 23:44:16 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gibson:1975:SCT,
  author =       "J. A. Gibson and R. W. Gibbard",
  title =        "Synthesis and Comparison of Two's Complement Parallel
                 Multipliers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1020--1027",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224117",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:57 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672710",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Ginsberg:1975:DUFa,
  author =       "Myron Ginsberg and Dennis J. Frailey",
  title =        "The design and use of a floating-point (software)
                 simulator for testing the arithmetic behavior of
                 mathematical software",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CP 74028",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Institute of
                 Technology, Southern Methodist University",
  address =      "Dallas",
  edition =      "Revised Oct. 1975.",
  pages =        "26",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic and logic units --- Testing.;
                 Computer programs --- Testing.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.",
}

@InProceedings{Ginsberg:1975:DUFb,
  author =       "Myron Ginsberg and Dennis J. Frailey",
  title =        "The Design and Use of a Floating-Point (Software)
                 Simulator for Testing the Arithmetic Behavior of
                 Mathematical Software",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "56--63",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Ginsberg.pdf",
  abstract =     "An important aspect of any evaluative procedure for
                 developing high quality mathematical software is
                 testing the effects of arithmetic behavior on
                 algorithmic implementations. This paper describes a
                 proposed design approach and various applications of a
                 high-level language floating-point simulator which has
                 two inputs: the program to be tested and a description
                 of the floating-point arithmetic under which the
                 routine is to be executed. A brief discussion of the
                 motivation for this approach is given along with a
                 review of existing efforts to study the influences of
                 computer arithmetic on the accuracy and reliability of
                 mathematical. software. An overview of the simulator's
                 structure is presented as well as suggestions for
                 experiments to assist in determining the effects of
                 floating-point behavior across several different
                 computer architectures. Present and future uses of the
                 simulator are also indicated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Goodman:1975:REP,
  author =       "R. Goodman and A. Feldstein",
  title =        "Round-Off Error in Products",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "263--273",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02242373",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:52 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Math., Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL,
                 USA",
  classification = "921; C5230",
  description =  "digital arithmetic",
  journalabr =   "Comput (Vienna/NY)",
  keywords =     "digit by digit deviation; floating point numbers;
                 fraction; logarithmic distribution; mathematical
                 techniques; mean; multiplication; products; roundoff
                 errors; variance",
}

@InProceedings{Goyal:1975:DAE,
  author =       "Lakshmi N. Goyal",
  title =        "Design of an Arithmetic Element for Serial Processing
                 in an Iterative Structure",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "223--231",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Goyal.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the arithmetic and logic design
                 of the digit processing logic of an arithmetic element.
                 The arithmetic element is used in an iterative
                 structure and arithmetic processing takes place
                 serially on a digit by digit basis with the most
                 significant digit first. Starting from the arithmetic
                 specification of the digit processing logic, the
                 arithmetic design (namely, the choice of number system,
                 number representation and the digit algorithm) is
                 developed. Algebraic and logic designs of the logic
                 necessary to execute the digit algorithm and its
                 implication for LSI implementation are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Gregory:1975:BCR,
  author =       "Robert Todd Gregory and David W. Matula",
  title =        "Base Conversion in Residue Number Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "117--125",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Gregory.pdf",
  abstract =     "We are concerned in this paper with the representation
                 of an integer in a (multiple-modulus) residue number
                 system and, in particular, with an algorithm for
                 changing the base vector of the residue number system.
                 Szabo and Tanaka [1, p.47] describe such an algorithm
                 when each modulus of the second base vector is
                 relatively prime to each modulus of the first base
                 vector. However, we show that a much simpler algorithm
                 exists if we allow the moduli of the second base vector
                 to have factors in common with the moduli of the first
                 base vector (even though the moduli of the second base
                 vector are pairwise relatively prime among
                 themselves).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Hunter:1975:QMP,
  author =       "G. Hunter",
  title =        "A quantitative measure of precision",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "231--233",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/231.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/232.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/233.tif",
  abstract =     "The precision $z_b$ of a real number is defined
                 quantitatively in terms of the fractional error in the
                 number, and the base of the arithmetic in which it is
                 represented. The definition is an extension of the
                 traditional rough measure of precision as the number of
                 signification digits in the number. In binary
                 arithmetic the integral part of $z_b$ is the number of
                 binary digits required to store the number. Conversion
                 of the precision from one base to another (such as
                 binary/decimal) is discussed, and applied to
                 consideration of the intrinsic precision of
                 input/output routines and floating point arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "723; 921",
  corpsource =   "York Univ., Dept. of Chem., Downsview, Ont., Canada",
  keywords =     "binary arithmetic; digital arithmetic; digits;
                 floating; fractional error; input/output routines;
                 mathematical techniques; point arithmetic; precision;
                 real number; significant",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Kehl:1975:MMA,
  author =       "T. H. Kehl and Kenneth Burkhardt",
  title =        "A Minicomputer Microprogrammable, Arithmetic
                 Processor",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "174--178",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Kehl.pdf",
  abstract =     "Except for a few notable examples, all computers have
                 been designed as ``adder-central'' architectures.
                 ``Adder-central,'' as used here, refers to an
                 organization which places the Arithmetic Logic Unit
                 (ALU) at that junction of the system through which all
                 data must flow --- thus creating a bottleneck. In the
                 early days, when adders were expensive, cost
                 considerations precluded more than one ALU. Nowadays
                 powerful ALU's are available at very low cost and a
                 designer, even of minicomputers, can consider placing
                 more than one ALU in a system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Keir:1975:CNR,
  author =       "Roy A. Keir",
  title =        "Compatible number representations",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "82--87",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:38:18 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Keir_2.pdf",
  abstract =     "A compatible number system for mixed fixed-point and
                 floating-point arithmetic is described in terms of
                 number formats and opcode sequences (for hardwired or
                 microcoded control). This inexpensive system can be as
                 fast as fixed-point arithmetic on integers, is faster
                 than normalized arithmetic in floating point, gets
                 answers identical to those of normalized arithmetic,
                 and automatically satisfies the Algol-60 mixed-mode
                 rules. The central concept is the avoidance of
                 meaningless ``normalization'' following arithmetic
                 operations. Adoption of this system could lead to
                 simpler compilers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3; decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Keir:1975:PCR,
  author =       "Roy A. Keir",
  title =        "Programmer-controlled roundoff and the selection of a
                 stable roundoff rule",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "73--76",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 18:11:30 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Keir_1.pdf",
  abstract =     "The author suggests that every computer with
                 floating-point addition and subtraction should have PSW
                 controllable roundoff facilities. Yohe's catalog should
                 be included. There should also be a stable roundoff
                 mode using the round-to-off [{\em -odd\/}] or
                 round-to-even rule based on whether the radix is
                 divisible by four or only by two.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Keir:1975:SSR,
  author =       "R. A. Keir",
  title =        "Should the stable rounding rule be radix-dependent?",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "188--189",
  day =          "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City,
                 UT, USA",
  keywords =     "digital arithmetic; drift; floating point addition;
                 radices; round to even rule; round to odd rule; stable
                 rounding rule",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Kent:1975:CSU,
  author =       "Jan G. Kent",
  title =        "Comparison Sets: {A} Useful Partitioning of the Space
                 of Floating-Point Operand Pairs",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "36--39",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Kent.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper the definition of comparison sets and a
                 discussion of their usefulness are presented based on
                 the research work reported in (14). In addition some
                 new results concerning the distribution of floating
                 point (FLP) operand pairs over comparison sets are
                 given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Klatte:1975:CPI,
  author =       "R. Klatte and Ch. Ullrich",
  title =        "Consequences of a Properly Implemented Computer
                 Arithmetic for Periodicities of Iterative Methods",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "24--32",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Klatte.pdf",
  abstract =     "In ordered sets it is possible to show under certain
                 assumptions two basic theorems concerning the cycle
                 length of sequences of iterates generated by monotone
                 operators. These results are applied to different
                 iterative methods, where the conclusions are valid for
                 the sequences of iterates produced by the numerical
                 computations only, if the used computer arithmetic is
                 properly implemented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3; cycle, weakly cyclic vector function;
                 floating-point arithmetic; Rounding invariant
                 structures",
}

@InProceedings{Kornerup:1975:UND,
  author =       "Peter Kornerup",
  title =        "A Unified Numeric Data Type in {Pascal}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "40--47",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Kornerup.pdf",
  abstract =     "It is proposed to substitute the standard data type
                 {\em real\/} of a high level language, with a unified
                 data representation which can include a variety of
                 interpretations as well as formats, in order to allow
                 experiments with an environment containing a spectrum
                 of non-standard arithmetics, as well as
                 standard.\par

                 The implementation of a system is described where
                 syntactic extensions to a language are made to support
                 a microprogrammed virtual arithmetic unit which can
                 treat variants such as integers, normalized, and
                 unnormalized floating point numbers and intervals,
                 within a unified representation.\par

                 More specifically Pascal is chosen as the base
                 language, because it allows the user to define new data
                 types, and the extension then mainly consists in
                 substituting the simple (unstructured) data type {\em
                 real\/} with a skeletal structured type (which will be
                 called {\em numeric\/}).\par

                 The system is intended to be implemented on a
                 microprogrammable processor (called MATHILDA) with a 64
                 bit wide datapath. The language Pascal has already been
                 partially implemented based on a stack machine
                 specifically designed for that language, and realized
                 by interpretation in microcode. The present compiler
                 was constructed with the aid of a parser-generator
                 system, which will allow the language extensions to be
                 made with a moderate effort.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Kreifelts:1975:OBF,
  author =       "T. Kreifelts",
  title =        "{Optimale Basiswahl f{\"u}r eine Gleitkomma-Arithmetik
                 (Berichtigung)} \toenglish {Optimal Basis Choice for a
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic (Correction)} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "313--314",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Krishnamurthy:1975:MPU,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Matrix Processors Using $p$-{ADIC} Arithmetic for
                 Exact Linear Computations",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "92--97",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Krishnamurthy.pdf",
  abstract =     "A unique code (called Hensel's code) is derived for a
                 rational number, by truncating its infinite $p$-adic
                 expansion. The four basic arithmetic algorithms for
                 these codes are described and their application to
                 rational matrix computations is demonstrated by solving
                 a system of linear equations exactly, using the
                 Gaussian elimination procedure.\par

                 A comparative study of the computational complexity
                 involved in this arithmetic and the multiple prime
                 module arithmetic is made with reference to matrix
                 computations. On this basis, a multiple $p$-adic scheme
                 is suggested for the design of a highly parallel matrix
                 processor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Ku:1975:FPC,
  author =       "W. Ku and Siu-Ming Ng",
  title =        "Floating-point coefficient sensitivity and roundoff
                 noise of recursive digital filters realized in ladder
                 structures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "927--936",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Coefficient sensitivity and roundoff error with
                 floating-point rounding have been investigated for
                 several digital ladder filter structures. It is found
                 that in all the cases studied, the ladder structures
                 first proposed by Fettweis show a much lower \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Kuck:1975:RRN,
  author =       "D. J. Kuck and D. S. Parker and A. H. Sameh",
  title =        "{ROM}-Rounding: {A} New Rounding Scheme",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "67--72",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 12:13:06 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Kuck.pdf",
  abstract =     "ROM-rounding is introduced and is shown to compare
                 favorably with existing floating-point rounding methods
                 on design considerations and on performance over a
                 series of error tests. The error-retarding value of
                 guard digits, of rounding the aligned operand, and of
                 rounding in general are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Kulisch:1975:FIF,
  author =       "U. Kulisch",
  title =        "Formalization and implementation of floating-point
                 arithmetics",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "323--348",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (68A10)",
  MRnumber =     "53 14897",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "A. D. Booth",
}

@InProceedings{Kulisch:1975:MFC,
  author =       "U. Kulisch",
  title =        "Mathematical Foundation of Computer Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "1--13",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Kulisch.pdf",
  abstract =     "During the last years a number of papers concerning a
                 mathematical foundation of computer arithmetic have
                 been written. Some of these papers are still
                 unpublished. The papers consider the spaces which occur
                 in numerical computations on computers in dependence of
                 a properly defined computer arithmetic. The following
                 treatment gives a summary of the main ideas of these
                 papers. Many of the proofs had to be sketched or
                 completely omitted. In such cases the full information
                 can be found in the references.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Lacroix:1975:PEM,
  author =       "Arild Lacroix",
  title =        "Limit cycles in floating point digital filters",
  crossref =     "Swamy:1975:PEM",
  pages =        "475--479",
  year =         "1975",
  MRclass =      "94A05",
  MRnumber =     "55 12278",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 12:19:10 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "Krzysztof Sapiecha",
}

@Article{Landauro:1975:ODC,
  author =       "A. Landauro and J. Lienard",
  title =        "On Overflow Detection and Correction in Digital
                 Filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1226--1228",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224168",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:59 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672761",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Lang:1975:DPA,
  author =       "Allan L. Lang and Bruce D. Shriver",
  title =        "The Design of a Polymorphic Arithmetic Unit",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "48--55",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Lang.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents results which stem from a research
                 effort concerned with the specification and design of
                 arithmetic units which can execute nonstandard integer
                 and floating-point arithmetic. An arithmetic unit is
                 proposed whose characteristics are based on user
                 specifications and subsequently is termed a Polymorphic
                 Arithmetic Unit (PAU). The user binds the identity of
                 the PAU by specifying the contents of various
                 descriptors and semantic interpretation tables which
                 the PAU accesses during its execution. This capability
                 removes several of the restrictions found in
                 commercially available arithmetic units and potentially
                 assists in making mathematically software portable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Laurie:1975:PIR,
  author =       "D. P. Laurie",
  title =        "Propagation of Initial Rounding Error in
                 {Romberg}-Like Quadrature",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "277--282",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01933660",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:14 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=15&issue=3;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=15&issue=3&spage=277",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Lemeire:1975:CEI,
  author =       "Frans Lemeire",
  title =        "Computation of Equivalent Inherent Rounding Errors in
                 the Solution of a Set of Linear Equations",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--71",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01932997",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:14 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=15&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=15&issue=1&spage=65",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Linnainmaa:1975:TAS,
  author =       "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  title =        "Towards Accurate Statistical Estimation of Rounding
                 Errors in Floating-Point Computations",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "165--173",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01932690;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01932690",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "58 19090",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=15&issue=2&spage=165",
  abstract =     "A new method of estimating a posteriori the
                 statistical characteristics of the rounding errors of
                 an arbitrary algorithm is presented. This method is
                 based on a discrete model of the distribution of
                 rounding errors which makes more accurate estimates
                 possible. The analysis is given for both rounding and
                 truncating arithmetic. Finally, some experimental
                 results are reported.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@InProceedings{Lipovski:1975:RND,
  author =       "G. J. Lipovski",
  title =        "On Residue Number {A/D} and {D/A} Converters",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "197--199",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Lipovski.pdf",
  abstract =     "A very simple analog to digital converter and digital
                 to analog converter is described for residue number
                 digital processing. These simple devices make it
                 feasible to replace analog components with
                 comparatively inexpensive digital processors that use
                 residue, or modulus, arithmetic capable of operating at
                 very high speeds. Using off-the-shelf integrated
                 circuits, addition, subtraction or multiplication of
                 about 15 bits of accuracy can easily be done in as
                 little as fifty nanoseconds. Any function using these
                 operations (polynomial expansions, linear filters, Fast
                 Fourier Transforms) can be economically implemented in
                 a pipeline or other structure to get very fast systems.
                 Moreover, a stage in the pipeline can correct for
                 nonlinearities in the A/D or D/A converters. The simple
                 devices described herein make residue arithmetic
                 digital processors extremely attractive for use in fast
                 analog systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3; residue number system",
}

@Article{Liu:1975:REF,
  author =       "B. Liu and T. Kaneko",
  title =        "Roundoff error in fast {Fourier} transforms",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "991--992",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The finite word length used in the computer causes
                 round-off error in the calculation of Fourier
                 coefficients. When the fast Fourier transform method is
                 used, the statistical mean-square error has been
                 previously determined [3] for the case of the
                 \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Luke:1975:MFT,
  author =       "Y. L. Luke",
  title =        "Mathematical Functions and their Approximations",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 568",
  year =         "1975",
  ISBN =         "0-12-459950-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-459950-5",
  LCCN =         "QA55 .M418",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:13:15 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Martinson:1975:DMF,
  author =       "L. Martinson and R. Smith",
  title =        "Digital matched filtering with pipelined floating
                 point fast {Fourier} transforms ({FFT}'s)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "222--234",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:52 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "A special floating point arithmetic technique for fast
                 Fourier transform (FFT) processors has been developed.
                 The implementation of a high-speed pipeline FFT matched
                 filter using the method employs significantly fewer
                 components than a fixed-point \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1975:FSF,
  author =       "D. W. Matula",
  title =        "Fixed-Slash and Floating-Slash Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "90--91",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:45:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Matula.pdf",
  abstract =     "A finite precision rational number system provides for
                 representation of a collection of rational numbers
                 subject to limitations on numerator and denominator
                 magnitude. In fixed-point and floating-point radix
                 number systems, only rationals of the form $i/\beta^j$,
                 where $\beta$ is the base, can be realized. In
                 contrast, a finite precision rational number system
                 will allow representation of practically all simple
                 fractions encountered in applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{McDonald:1975:TCQ,
  author =       "T. G. McDonald and R. K. Guha",
  title =        "The Two's Complement Quasi-Serial Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1233--1235",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224170",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:59 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672763",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Meo:1975:ANT,
  author =       "A. R. Meo",
  title =        "Arithmetic Networks and Their Minimization Using a New
                 Line of Elementary Units",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "258--280",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224207",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672800",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Miller:1975:SRA,
  author =       "Webb Miller",
  title =        "Software for Roundoff Analysis",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "108--128",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355637.355639",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "53 #9622",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 26 23:44:16 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "James H. Wilkinson",
}

@Article{Nelson:1975:PPF,
  author =       "James M. Nelson and Charles E. Cohn",
  title =        "Parallel Processing in {FORTRAN} with Floating-Point
                 Hardware",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--68",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Newbery:1975:PES,
  author =       "A. C. R. Newbery",
  title =        "Polynomial Evaluation Schemes",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "132",
  pages =        "1046--1050",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290D (Functional analysis); C4120 (Functional
                 analysis)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington,
                 KY, USA",
  keywords =     "floating; function evaluation; point arithmetic;
                 polynomial evaluation algorithm; polynomials; round off
                 error",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Manual{NSC:1975:IFP,
  author =       "{National Semiconductor Corporation}",
  title =        "{IMP-16F\slash} 400 floating point firmware technical
                 description",
  type =         "Publication - National Semiconductor Corporation no.
                 4200072A",
  organization = "National Semiconductor Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Clara, CA, USA",
  pages =        "16",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Microprocessors --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.;
                 Microprogramming --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.",
  remark =       "At head of title: Integrated microprocessor-16.",
}

@Article{OKeefe:1975:NFB,
  author =       "K. H. O'Keefe",
  title =        "A Note on Fast Base Extension for Residue Number
                 Systems with Three Moduli",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1132--1133",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224147;
                 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:58 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672740;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35091",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "An algorithm is given for the base-extension (BE)
                 computation in residue number systems that requires the
                 standard four steps (for systems with three moduli) but
                 which saves hardware. Furthermore, for the particular
                 moduli m-1, m, and m+1 it is \ldots{}",
}

@InCollection{Phillips:1975:BC,
  author =       "E. William Phillips",
  title =        "Binary Calculation",
  crossref =     "Randell:1975:ODC",
  pages =        "293--304",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:51:37 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The 1936 epigraph credited to this author in
                 \cite[Chapter 7]{Coonen:1984:CPS} says: ``The ultimate
                 aim is to persuade all of the civilized world to
                 abandon the decimal numeration and to use octonal in
                 its place; to discontinue counting in tens and to count
                 in eights instead. However, it seems unlikely that the
                 whole civilized world will be persuaded to complete
                 this change during the next twelve months, having
                 previously declined similar invitations.''",
}

@InProceedings{Rao:1975:TIS,
  author =       "T. R. N. Rao and D. W. Matula",
  title =        "The {Third IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic}:
                 Foreword",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "v--v",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_contents.pdf;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_foreword.pdf;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_preface.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Reiser:1975:EDF,
  author =       "J. F. Reiser and Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "Evading the drift in floating-point addition",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "84--87",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 19:19:04 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Errata, p.\ 164.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Rokne:1975:ACI,
  author =       "J. Rokne and P. Lancaster",
  title =        "Algorithm 86. Complex Interval Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--85",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Calgary, Alta., Canada",
  keywords =     "algorithm; complex interval arithmetic; digital
                 arithmetic; floating point; real numbers; subroutines",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Rubinfield:1975:PMB,
  author =       "L. P. Rubinfield",
  title =        "A Proof of the Modified {Booth}'s Algorithm for
                 Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1014--1015",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224114",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:57 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672707",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Senzig:1975:CA,
  author =       "Don Senzig",
  title =        "Calculator Algorithms",
  journal =      "IEEE Compcon Reader Digest",
  pages =        "139--141",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 19:19:40 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "IEEE catalog number 75CH0920-9C.",
  abstract =     "This paper discusses algorithms for generating the
                 trigonometric, exponential, and hyperbolic functions
                 and their inverses. No invention is claimed here. The
                 algorithm for logarithm was used by Briggs in compiling
                 his table of logarithms in the 1600's. Other earlier
                 references are [cited]. The development presented here
                 is, perhaps, more direct than those given in the above
                 references but leads to the same result.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shimizu:1975:REF,
  author =       "Tatsujiro Shimizu and Tsunemichi Oohashi",
  title =        "Rounding errors in floating point addition",
  journal =      "TRU Math.",
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "41--50",
  year =         "1975",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "55 4646",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "R. P. Brent",
}

@InProceedings{Shriver:1975:BCA,
  author =       "B. D. Shriver and E. K. Reuter",
  title =        "A Bibliography on Computer Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "241--249",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Biography.pdf",
  abstract =     "This bibliography on computer arithmetic uses, by and
                 large, the format and abbreviations employed by
                 Computing Reviews. It is presented in alphabetical
                 order only and not by individual topics. The topics
                 included, however, span the abstract and implementation
                 problems associated with finite precision computer
                 arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Shriver:1975:UUN,
  author =       "Bruce D. Shriver and Peter Kornerup",
  title =        "The {UNRAU} --- {A} {Unified Numeric Representation
                 Arithmetic Unit}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "179--184",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:46:23 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Shriver.pdf",
  abstract =     "A companion paper entitled, ``A Unified Numeric Data
                 Type in Pascal'', proposes the substitution of the
                 standard data type {\em real\/} of the language Pascal
                 with a unified data representation termed {\em
                 numeric}. The {\em numeric\/} data type can represent a
                 variety of arithmetic operands such as integers,
                 normalized floating point numbers, and centered-radius
                 intervals.\par

                 This paper describes an arithmetic unit which is
                 capable of executing the standard arithmetic operations
                 (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division)
                 on pairs of operands specified to be of the {\em
                 numeric\/} data type. This arithmetic unit, called the
                 UNRAU --- Unified Numeric Representation Arithmetic
                 Unit, supports operations on operands externally
                 represented as 5-tuples $(t, a, e, f, r)$. The UNRAU
                 provides for automatic conversion among the various
                 data types and can also be used to perform an explicit
                 conversion on a single operand.\par

                 It is intended to implement the UNRAU on a dynamically
                 microprogrammable microprocessor to determine what host
                 facilities are required to efficiently realize such an
                 arithmetic unit and to experiment with the high level
                 language support of such a unit.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Smith:1975:CPC,
  author =       "Alan Jay Smith",
  title =        "Comments on a paper by {T. C. Chen} and {I. T. Ho}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "463--463",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:22:40 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm18.html#Smith75a;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Chen:1975:SER}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  keywords =     "advantages; alternatives; binary coded decimal; codes;
                 coding; compression of numbers; data handling; decimal
                 data; decimal floating-point arithmetic; decoding;
                 deletions; Huffman codes; insertions; permutations;
                 storage efficient representation; variable length
                 codes",
  oldlabel =     "Smith75a",
  treatment =    "G General Review; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Smith75a",
}

@Article{Soule:1975:AAB,
  author =       "Stephen Soule",
  title =        "Addition in an Arbitrary Base Without Radix
                 Conversion",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "344--346",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:23:30 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/Seiferas/1975.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm18.html#Soule75;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a generalization of an old
                 programming technique; using it, one may add and
                 subtract numbers represented in any radix, including a
                 mixed radix, and stored one digit per byte in bytes of
                 sufficient size. Radix conversion is unnecessary, no
                 looping is required, and numbers may even be stored in
                 a display (I/O) format. Applications to Cobol, MIX, and
                 hexadecimal sums are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C6130 (Data
                 handling techniques)",
  classification = "723; 921",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "add; addition; arbitrary base; arbitrary radix
                 arithmetic; Cobol display arithmetic; computer systems
                 programming; data handling; decimal arithmetic; decimal
                 floating-point arithmetic; digital arithmetic;
                 mathematical techniques --- Digital Arithmetic; MIX
                 arithmetic; mixed radix arithmetic; numbers;
                 programming; radix conversion; subtract; subtraction;
                 without radix conversion",
  oldlabel =     "Soule75",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Soule75",
}

@InProceedings{Stephenson:1975:CSP,
  author =       "Charles Stephenson",
  title =        "Case Study of the Pipelined Arithmetic Unit for the
                 {TI Advanced Scientific Computer}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "168--173",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Stephenson.pdf",
  abstract =     "Many scientific applications today require computers
                 which are very fast and capable of processing large
                 amounts of data. Some advances in scientific processing
                 have been slowed due to the lack of supercomputer
                 capabilities which are required primarily in the area
                 of Central Processor speed and the availability of
                 large amounts of high speed memory. Particularly in the
                 fields of modeling and simulation, additional speed and
                 memory capacity are desired to allow increased
                 resolution of the experiment. Technological
                 developments :In such things as integrated circuits,
                 multilayer printed circuit boards, memory speeds, and
                 others have contributed to the ability of computer
                 manufacturers to serve this market. In addition to
                 these developments, however, large advances had to be
                 realized from the standpoint of the basic computer
                 architecture. The concept of pipelining has provided an
                 answer to the large data execution rate required.
                 Pipelined capabilities in the form of arithmetic units
                 and special purpose functional units are included in
                 machines such as the CDC 7600, IBM 360/195, CDC
                 STAR-100, etc. The Texas Instruments Advanced
                 Scientific Computer (ASC) uses the pipeline concept
                 throughout the Central Processor and carries the
                 concept throughout the Central Processor and carries
                 the concept further to include vector instructions in
                 response to the high execution rates required. 3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Sterbenz:1975:UA,
  author =       "Pat H. Sterbenz",
  title =        "Understandable Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "33--35",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Sterbenz.pdf",
  abstract =     "Since the floating-point operations form the basic
                 steps in our programs, the programmer has to understand
                 the results that will be produced by these operations.
                 This paper discusses operations which have been or
                 might be implemented in the hardware. The emphasis is
                 on making the results easy for the user to
                 understand.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Book{Stone:1975:ICA,
  editor =       "Harold S. Stone and Tien Chi Chen and Michael J. Flynn
                 and Samuel H. Fuller and others",
  title =        "Introduction to computer architecture",
  publisher =    "Science Research Associates",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "x + 565",
  year =         "1975",
  ISBN =         "0-574-18405-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-574-18405-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .I7; QA76.9.A73 I57; QA76.5 .I63; QA76.9.A73
                 I57 1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 19:22:07 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "SRA computer science series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers",
}

@InProceedings{Svoboda:1975:SCA,
  author =       "Antonin Svoboda",
  title =        "Self-Checking Adder for Large Scale Integration",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "108--112",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Svoboda.pdf",
  abstract =     "The testing of LSI chips is expensive and
                 unsatisfactory. On the other hand there are cases (as
                 in space ship computers) where a damaged chip must be
                 localized and replaced. The use of self-checking chips
                 seems to be one of several possible solutions of this
                 problem. The theory of the structure of self-checking
                 logical circuit is covered by literature at least at
                 the fundamental form (see References). However, even
                 when the design principles are supposed to be known,
                 their application to the actual creation of a
                 self-checking circuit of an average complexity is and
                 will remain an art. The reason is quite simple and
                 fundamental optimization of design criteria
                 (engineering qualifications, performance and physical
                 properties of components of the circuits are entities
                 possessing different physical dimensions --- it is
                 impossible to qualify, for instance, two circuits A, B
                 designed for the same task by comparing their speeds
                 and costs if A is faster than B but B is cheaper than
                 A) will never be objective and independent of the
                 talent or whim of the circuit designer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1975:SLN,
  author =       "E. E. {Swartzlander, Jr.} and A. G. Alexopoulos",
  title =        "The Sign\slash Logarithm Number System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1238--1242",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224172",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 24 18:41:13 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Toma:1975:CLA,
  author =       "C. I. Toma",
  title =        "Cellular Logic Array for High-Speed Signed Binary
                 Number Multiplication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "932--935",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224340",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:57 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672933",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Trivedi:1975:LAD,
  author =       "Kishor S. Trivedi and Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "On-Line Algorithms for Division and Multiplication",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "161--177",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 10:45:59 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Trivedi_2.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper we are considering problems of division
                 and multiplication in a computational environment in
                 which all but basic arithmetic operations satisfy
                 ``on-line'' property: to generate $j^{\mbox{th}}$
                 digits of the result it is necessary and sufficient to
                 have argument(s) available up to the $(j +
                 \delta)^{\mbox{th}}$ digit, where the index difference
                 $\delta$ is a small positive constant.

                 Such an environment, due to its potential to perform a
                 sequence of operations in an overlapped fashion, could
                 conveniently speed up an arithmetic multiprocessor
                 structure it could be useful in certain real-time
                 applications, with inherent on-line properties. The
                 on-line property implies a left-to-right digit-by-digit
                 type of algorithm and consequently, a redundant
                 representation, at least of the results. For addition
                 and subtraction such algorithms satisfying on-line
                 property can be easily specified. Multiplication
                 requires a somewhat more elaborate approach and there
                 are several possible ways of defining an on-line
                 algorithm. However, the existence of an on-line
                 division algorithm is not obvious and its analysis
                 appears interesting.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@InProceedings{Trivedi:1975:UCF,
  author =       "Kishor S. Trivedi",
  title =        "On the Use of Continued Fractions for Digital Computer
                 Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "137--146",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Trivedi_1.pdf",
  abstract =     "Recently, there has been some interest in the use of
                 continued fractions for digital hardware calculations.
                 We require that the coefficients of the continued
                 fractions be integral powers of two. As a result well
                 known continued fraction expansions of functions cannot
                 be used. Methods of expansion of a large number of
                 functions are presented.\par

                 We show that the problem of selection of coefficients
                 of the continued fractions does not have practical
                 solution in most of the cases we have considered. We
                 conjecture that the solution of a polynomial equation
                 is the only problem that can be solved in our
                 formulation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@MastersThesis{Tzaferos:1975:EBD,
  author =       "Konstantina Tzaferos",
  title =        "Error bounds due to index of significance
                 specifications in floating-point operations with
                 encoded mantissa lengths",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "California State University, Chico",
  address =      "Chico, CA, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 43",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.",
}

@Article{Wakerly:1975:DUM,
  author =       "J. F. Wakerly",
  title =        "Detection of Unidirectional Multiple Errors Using
                 Low-Cost Arithmetic Codes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "210--212",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224187",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:37 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672780",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Weinberger:1975:HSZ,
  author =       "Arnold Weinberger",
  title =        "High-Speed Zero-Sum Detection",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "200--207",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:44:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Weinberger.pdf",
  abstract =     "A common requirement accompanying high-speed parallel
                 addition is the early detection that the sum is equal
                 to zero. Normally, this condition is detected from the
                 sum, generally at least two logic gate levels after the
                 sum.\par

                 This paper derives expressions for detecting a zero-sum
                 condition concurrently with or even earlier than the
                 determination of the sum digits proper. As a result, a
                 branch operation based on detecting a zero-sum can be
                 executed earlier.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3",
}

@Article{Wilkinson:1975:PAA,
  author =       "J. H. Wilkinson",
  title =        "The {Pilot ACE at the NPL}",
  journal =      j-RADIO-ELECTRON-ENG,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "336--340",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "RDEEA4",
  ISSN =         "0033-7722",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 1 18:34:26 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  fjournal =     "The Radio and Electronic Engineer",
}

@TechReport{Wozniakowski:1975:NSI,
  author =       "H. Wozniakowski",
  title =        "Numerical stability of iterations for solution of
                 nonlinear equations and large linear systems",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon
                 University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  pages =        "16",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Differential equations, Nonlinear.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.; Iterative methods (Mathematics); Linear
                 systems.",
}

@Article{Yamashita:1975:EEF,
  author =       "Shin-ichiro Yamashita",
  title =        "On the error estimation in floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      "Information Processing in Japan",
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "64--69",
  year =         "1975",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "54 4081",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "Artenio De Matteis",
}

@Article{Yuen:1975:FPR,
  author =       "C. K. Yuen",
  title =        "On the Floating Point Representation of Complex
                 Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "846--848",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224321",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:56 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See comments \cite{Bauer:1977:CFP}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672914",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Yuen:1975:NBA,
  author =       "C. K. Yuen",
  title =        "A Note on Base-$2$ Arithmetic Logic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "325--329",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1975.224216",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 07:57:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See comments \cite{Agrawal:1977:CNB}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672809",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Assmus:1976:NFS,
  author =       "E. F. {Assmus, Jr.} and H. F. {Mattson, Jr.} and
                 Howard E. Sachar",
  title =        "A New Form of the Square Root Bound",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-APPL-MATH,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "352--354",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SMJMAP",
  ISSN =         "0036-1399 (print), 1095-712X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1399",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 15 18:16:06 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B0250 (Combinatorial mathematics); C1160
                 (Combinatorial mathematics)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Math., Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, USA",
  keywords =     "combinatorial mathematics; linear codes; square root
                 bound; sufficient combinatorial conditions",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Baker:1976:SFB,
  author =       "P. W. Baker",
  title =        "Suggestion for a fast binary sine\slash cosine
                 generator",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1134--1137",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674566",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 20 05:24:26 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Brent:1976:FMP,
  author =       "Richard P. Brent",
  title =        "Fast Multiple-Precision Evaluation of Elementary
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "242--251",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/321941.321944",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  MRclass =      "68A20 (68A10)",
  MRnumber =     "52 \#16111",
  MRreviewer =   "Amnon Barak",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 15 18:12:53 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Let $f(x)$ be one of the usual elementary functions
                 ($\exp$, $\log$, $\artan$, $\sin$, $\cosh$, etc.), and
                 let $M(n)$ be the number of single-precision operations
                 required to multiply $n$-bit integers. It is shown that
                 $f(x)$ can be evaluated, with relative error $O(2-n)$,
                 in $O(M(n)log (n))$ operations as $n \rightarrow
                 \infty$, for any floating-point number $x$ (with an
                 $n$-bit fraction) in a suitable finite interval. From
                 the Sch{\"o}nhage--Strassen bound on $M(n)$, it follows
                 that an $n$-bit approximation to $f(x)$ may be
                 evaluated in $O(n \log_(n) \log \log(n))$ operations.
                 Special cases include the evaluation of constants such
                 as $\pi$ $e$, and $e^\pi$. The algorithms depend on the
                 theory of elliptic integrals, using the
                 arithmetic-geometric mean iteration and ascending
                 Landen transformations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "J Assoc Comput Mach",
  keywords =     "computational complexity; computer arithmetic;
                 computer programming",
}

@InProceedings{Brent:1976:MPZ,
  author =       "Richard P. Brent",
  title =        "Multiple-precision zero-finding methods and the
                 complexity of elementary function evaluation",
  crossref =     "Traub:1976:ACC",
  pages =        "151--176",
  year =         "1976",
  MRclass =      "68A20",
  MRnumber =     "54 \#11843",
  MRreviewer =   "Claus-Peter Schnorr",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 11 17:44:01 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Carter:1976:ANT,
  author =       "Allison Birchard Carter",
  title =        "Applications of number theory to the avoidance of
                 round-off in digital computer systems",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Florida",
  address =      "Gainesville, FL, USA",
  pages =        "v + 74",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.; Number theory.",
}

@Article{Cohen:1976:EFD,
  author =       "Daniel I. A. Cohen",
  title =        "An explanation of the first digit phenomenon",
  journal =      j-J-COMB-THEORY-A,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "367--370",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "JCBTA7",
  ISSN =         "0097-3165",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 15 16:29:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A",
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
}

@Article{Davies:1976:IPS,
  author =       "M. Davies and B. Dawson",
  title =        "The incrementation parameter in square root
                 iteration",
  journal =      j-J-INST-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "219--223",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "JMTAA8",
  ISSN =         "0020-2932",
  MRclass =      "65H05",
  MRnumber =     "55 #9514",
  MRreviewer =   "Luciano Biasini",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 5 07:38:01 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZMnumber =     "0319.65039",
}

@Book{DEC:1976:DHM,
  author =       "{Digital Equipment Corporation}",
  title =        "{DECsystem}-10\slash 20 Hardware Manual",
  publisher =    pub-DP,
  address =      pub-DP:adr,
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "various",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:03:19 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Also published as Stanford Artificial Intelligence
                 Laboratory Operating Note 75, November 1976.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Detlefsen:1976:CRN,
  author =       "Michael Detlefsen and Douglas K. Erlandson and J.
                 Clark Heston and Charles M. Young",
  title =        "Computation with {Roman} numerals",
  journal =      j-ARCH-HIST-EXACT-SCI,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "141--148",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "AHESAN",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348497",
  ISSN =         "0003-9519 (print), 1432-0657 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-9519",
  MRclass =      "00A05 (01A20)",
  MRnumber =     "0453407 (56 \#11671)",
  MRreviewer =   "Richard L. Francis",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 4 21:50:12 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0003-9519&volume=15&issue=2;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/archhistexactsci.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0003-9519&volume=15&issue=2&spage=141",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Archive for History of Exact Sciences",
  MRtitle =      "Computation with {Roman} numerals",
}

@MastersThesis{Dickinson:1976:PAA,
  author =       "Fred Kenneth Dickinson",
  title =        "Pseudo-round: an alternative approach for
                 floating-point representation",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Southwest Texas State University",
  address =      "San Marcos, TX, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 53",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Numerical calculations ---
                 Computer programs.",
}

@Article{Feldstein:1976:CED,
  author =       "Alan Feldstein and Richard Goodman",
  title =        "Convergence Estimates for the Distribution of Trailing
                 Digits",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "287--297",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/321941.321948",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 15 18:12:53 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "An analysis is made of the distribution of trailing
                 digits (tail end digits) of positive real
                 floating-point numbers represented in arbitrary base
                 $\beta$ and randomly chosen from a logarithmic
                 distribution. The analysis shows that the $n$th digit
                 for $n \geq 2$ is actually approximately uniformly
                 distributed. The approximation depends upon both $n$
                 and the base beta. It becomes better as $n$ increases,
                 and it is exact in the limit as $n \rightarrow \infty$.
                 A table of this distribution is presented for various
                 $\beta$ and $n$, along with a table of the maximum
                 digit by digit deviation $\Delta$ of the logarithmic
                 distribution from the uniform distribution. Various
                 asymptotic results for $\Delta$ are included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "J Assoc Comput Mach",
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; computer arithmetic; computer
                 programming; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
}

@Article{Garner:1976:SSR,
  author =       "H. L. Garner",
  title =        "A Survey of Some Recent Contributions to Computer
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1277--1282",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674595",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:15 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Goodman:1976:REF,
  author =       "Richard Goodman",
  title =        "On round-off error in fixed-point multiplication",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--51",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01940776",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:14 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=16&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=16&issue=1&spage=41",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "fixed-point arithmetic; floating-point arithmetic;
                 rounding errors",
}

@Article{Goyal:1976:NAR,
  author =       "L. N. Goyal",
  title =        "A Note on {Atrubin}'s Real-Time Iterative Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "546--548",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674646",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 06:24:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674646",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Hannington:1976:FPM,
  author =       "G. Hannington and D. G. Whitehead",
  title =        "A Floating-Point Multiplexed {DDA} System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1074--1077",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674557",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 06:24:54 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See comments \cite{McCrea:1978:CFP}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674557",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Higbie:1976:VFP,
  author =       "L. C. Higbie",
  title =        "Vector Floating-Point Data Format",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--32",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.5009201",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 06:24:20 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009201",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{IBM:1976:ISP,
  author =       "{IBM Corporation}",
  title =        "{IBM System}\slash 370: Principles of Operation:
                 Systems",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "326",
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.I122 I57 1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:13 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jayashree:1976:BMU,
  author =       "T. Jayashree and D. Basu",
  title =        "On Binary Multiplication Using the Quarter Square
                 Algorithm",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "957--960",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674723",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 06:24:54 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674723",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Kulisch:1976:FIF,
  author =       "U. Kulisch and G. Bohlender",
  title =        "Formalization and implementation of floating-point
                 matrix operations",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "239--261",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (68A10)",
  MRnumber =     "53 7010",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "F. Szidarovszky",
}

@Book{Kulisch:1976:GNR,
  author =       "Ulrich W. Kulisch",
  title =        "{Grundlagen des numerischen Rechnens: mathematische
                 Begr{\"u}ndung der Rechnerarithmetik} \toenglish
                 {Fundamental Principles of Numerical Computation:
                 Mathematical Foundations of Computer Arithmetic}
                 \endtoenglish",
  volume =       "19",
  publisher =    pub-BIB-INST,
  address =      pub-BIB-INST:adr,
  pages =        "467",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "3-411-01517-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-411-01517-7",
  LCCN =         "QA162 .K85",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Reihe Informatik",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algebra, Abstract.; Floating-point arithmetic.;
                 Mathematics --- Data processing.",
}

@Article{Lacroix:1976:LCF,
  author =       "Arild Lacroix",
  title =        "Limit cycles in floating point digital filters",
  journal =      "AE{\"U}---Arch. Elektron. {\"U}bertragungstech.",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "7/8",
  pages =        "277--284",
  year =         "1976",
  MRclass =      "94A05",
  MRnumber =     "56 15123",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Linnainmaa:1976:TEA,
  author =       "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  title =        "{Taylor} expansion of the accumulated rounding error",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "146--160",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01931367",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:14 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=16&issue=2;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=16&issue=2&spage=146",
  abstract =     "The article describes analytic and algorithmic methods
                 for determining the coefficients of the Taylor
                 expansion of an accumulated rounding error with respect
                 to the local rounding errors, and hence determining the
                 influence of the local errors on the accumulated error.
                 Second and higher order coefficients are also
                 discussed, and some possible methods of reducing the
                 extensive storage requirements are analyzed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@MastersThesis{Lipschutz:1976:OPS,
  author =       "David Lipschutz",
  title =        "Optimization of a practical system for high fidelity
                 digital audio",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "53",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by Francis F. Lee.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer sound processing.; Digital electronics.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.; High-fidelity sound
                 systems.; Noise --- Psychological aspects.",
}

@Article{Majithia:1976:SCC,
  author =       "J. C. Majithia",
  title =        "Some Comments Concerning Design of Pipeline Arithmetic
                 Arrays",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1132--1134",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674565",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:06:10 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Maples:1976:FPI,
  author =       "Michael D. Maples",
  title =        "Floating-point package for {INTEL} 8008 and 8080
                 microprocessors",
  institution =  "Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of
                 California/Livermore; National Technical Information
                 Service [distributor]",
  address =      "Livermore, CA, USA",
  pages =        "8 + A-33",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Intel 8080
                 (Microprocessor); Microprocessors.",
  remark =       "Prepared for U.S. Energy Research and Development
                 Administration, under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-43.
                 Microfiche reproduction: Springfield, Va.: National
                 Technical Information Service, 1976. --- 1 microfiche;
                 10 x 15 cm.",
}

@PhdThesis{Martinez:1976:SSS,
  author =       "Ralph Martinez",
  title =        "A semi-portable simulation system using both fixed and
                 floating point derivative blocks",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.} - Electrical Engineering)",
  school =       "University of Arizona",
  address =      "Tucson, AZ, USA",
  pages =        "xii + 169",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Digital computer simulation.; Dynamics --- Data
                 processing.",
}

@TechReport{Metropolis:1976:MSA,
  author =       "N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Methods of significance arithmetic",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "LA-UR-76-661;CONF-760428-1",
  institution =  inst-LASL,
  address =      inst-LASL:adr,
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 11:16:47 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Presented at the Conference on the state of the art in
                 numerical analysis, 12 April 1976, University of York,
                 England, UK",
  URL =          "http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7189580&query_id=0",
  abstract =     "A preliminary report is given of two applications of
                 the methods of significance arithmetic. These are a
                 simple nonlinear partial differential equation and
                 matrix inversion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "OSTI ID: 7189580",
}

@Article{Miller:1976:AGF,
  author =       "Webb Miller and David L. Spooner",
  title =        "Automatic generation of floating-point test data.
                 Special section on testing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "SE-2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "223--226",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68A05",
  MRnumber =     "55 1787",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point testing",
  reviewer =     "George Marsaglia",
}

@Article{Mohn:1976:IPA,
  author =       "K. Mohn and R. V. Roman",
  title =        "An interactive polynomial approximation algorithm",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--78",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:39:43 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Ni:1976:EAT,
  author =       "Ming Duenn Ni and J. K. Aggarwal",
  title =        "Error analysis of two-dimensional recursive digital
                 filters employing floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "755--759",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674684",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  MRclass =      "65D99 (93E10)",
  MRnumber =     "55 6802",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 16 16:45:24 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  reviewer =     "Sven-{\AA}ke Gustafson",
}

@TechReport{Paoni:1976:PFI,
  author =       "C. Paoni and M. Maples",
  title =        "A {PLM} floating-point interface program",
  institution =  "Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; National Technical
                 Information Service",
  address =      "Livermore, CA, USA",
  pages =        "iii + 39",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Parker:1976:STR,
  author =       "Douglass Stott Parker",
  title =        "The statistical theory of relative errors in
                 floating-point computation",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Dept. of Computer Science, University of Illinois at
                 Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  pages =        "62",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Report no. UIUCDCS-R-76-787",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Roundoff errors.",
}

@Article{Paul:1976:SEF,
  author =       "George Paul and M. Wayne Wilson",
  title =        "Should the Elementary Function Library Be Incorporated
                 Into Computer Instruction Sets?",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "132--142",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355681.355684",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 27 00:30:21 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Pichat:1976:CEE,
  author =       "Mich{\`e}le Pichat",
  title =        "Contributions {\`a} l'{\`e}tude des erreurs d'arrondi
                 en arithm{\`e}tique {\`a} virgule flottante. ({French})
                 [Contributions to the error analysis of rounding errors
                 in floating-point arithmetic]",
  type =         "Th{\`e}se",
  school =       "Universit{\'e} de Grenoble 1",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 27 07:44:27 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Randell:1976:ODC,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "The origins of digital computers: supplementary
                 bibliography to {``Origins of digital computers:
                 selected papers''}",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "91",
  institution =  "Computing Laboratory, University of Newcastle upon
                 Tyne",
  address =      "Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  pages =        "3 + 37",
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "Z5642.2 .R36 1979",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:24:25 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "electronic digital computers; history; calculators",
}

@Article{Rankin:1976:FPR,
  author =       "Roy Rankin and Steve Wozniak",
  title =        "Floating Point Routines for the 6502",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "17--19",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 15 06:04:06 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.6502.org/source/floats/wozfp1.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "HP 2100; MOS Technology",
}

@Article{Riesel:1976:FPU,
  author =       "Zvi H. Riesel",
  title =        "The floating point unit of the {Golem B} computer",
  journal =      j-RADIO-ELECTRON-ENG,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "355--359",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "RDEEA4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ree.1976.0057",
  ISSN =         "0033-7722",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 03 15:11:57 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The Golem B computer is a fast machine using
                 emitter-coupled logic and multi-layer circuits. The
                 autonomous floating point arithmetic unit obtains its
                 instructions and operands from buffers loaded ahead of
                 need. Its main part, for 56-bit fractions, uses two
                 4-operand adder complexes with stored carries. In
                 multiplication instructions, 4 bits of the multiplier
                 are used to form a new partial product in each pass
                 through an adder complex. Division instructions use a
                 base-4 non-restoring algorithm. Addition favours the
                 case of equal or nearly equal exponents, but 112 sum
                 bits are accumulated for all exponent differences. An
                 effort has been made to provide instructions and number
                 formats that will aid the writing of compilers and
                 operating systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Radio and Electronic Engineer",
  keywords =     "adder complex; autonomous floating point arithmetic
                 unit; buffers; division instructions; emitter coupled
                 logic; exponent differences; Golem B computer; multi
                 layer circuits; multiplication instructions; partial
                 product",
}

@Article{Ris:1976:UDF,
  author =       "Frederic N. Ris",
  title =        "A Unified Decimal Floating-Point Architecture For the
                 Support of High-Level Languages",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "18--23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:03 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper summarizes a proposal for a decimal
                 floating-point arithmetic interface for the support of
                 high-level languages, consisting both of the arithmetic
                 operations observed by application programs and
                 facilities to produce subroutine libraries accessible
                 from these programs. What is not included here are the
                 detailed motivations, examinations of alternatives, and
                 implementation considerations which will appear in the
                 full work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C6120 (File
                 organisation)C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown Heights,
                 NY, USA",
  keywords =     "arithmetic operations; decimal floating point
                 arithmetic; digital arithmetic; high level languages;
                 one level store",
  remark =       "Normalized decimal floating-point arithmetic with a
                 fractional coefficient, three directed rounding modes,
                 and a trap mechanism. Three precisions are provided,
                 with up to 31 decimal digits, and an exponent range of
                 $\pm9999$. Cowlishaw \cite{Cowlishaw:2003:DFP} says
                 that this is the first implementation of the Chen-Ho
                 \cite{Chen:1975:SER} compressed format, allowing
                 storage of 31 digits and 4 exponent digits in a 128-bit
                 value. More modern encodings get 34 digits in the same
                 number of bits, at somewhat reduced exponent range
                 ($[-6143,6144]$).",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Rosser:1976:CRE,
  author =       "J. Barkley Rosser and J. Michael Yohe",
  title =        "Cancellation and Rounding Errors",
  type =         "Technical Summary Report",
  number =       "1588",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 30 21:30:27 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The fact that a calculating machine can usually hold
                 only an approximation to the number that one is
                 concerned with leads to cancellation errors and
                 rounding errors. These concepts are defined precisely
                 and examples are given. Suggestions are given for
                 reducing (when possible) the size of errors arising
                 from these two effects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rudeanu:1976:SRF,
  author =       "S. Rudeanu",
  title =        "Square Roots and Functional Decompositions of
                 {Boolean} Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "528--532",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674641",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 06:24:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674641",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@PhdThesis{Sanderson:1976:PCT,
  author =       "James George Sanderson",
  title =        "A proof of convergence for the tridiagonal {QL}
                 algorithm in floating-point arithmetic",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "University of New Mexico",
  address =      "Albuquerque, NM, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 69",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algorithms.; Arithmetic --- Foundations.",
}

@Article{Shi:1976:SLC,
  author =       "S.-Y. Shi",
  title =        "Shortcut to Logarithms Combines Table Lookup and
                 Computation",
  journal =      j-COMP-DESIGN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "184--186",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPDAM",
  ISSN =         "0010-4566",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 08:07:38 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@PhdThesis{Slekys:1976:DCN,
  author =       "Arunas George Slekys",
  title =        "Design of complex number digital arithmetic units
                 based on a modified bi-imaginary number system",
  type =         "{Ph.D. thesis}",
  school =       "University of California, Los Angeles",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  pages =        "223",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 09:03:47 2009",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "ProQuest order number AAI7707685.",
}

@Book{Spaniol:1976:AR,
  author =       "Otto Spaniol",
  title =        "{Arithmetik in Rechenanlagen: Logik und Entwurf}
                 \toenglish {Computer Arithmetic: Logic and Design}
                 \endtoenglish",
  publisher =    pub-TEUBNER,
  address =      pub-TEUBNER:adr,
  pages =        "208",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "3-519-02332-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-519-02332-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .S66",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "For an English translation, see
                 \cite{Spaniol:1981:CAL}.",
  price =        "DM24.80",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Warren:1976:MDT,
  author =       "H. S. {Warren, Jr.} and A. S. Fox and P. W.
                 Markstein",
  title =        "Modulus Division on a Two's Complement Machine",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "RC7712",
  institution =  "IBM",
  address =      "Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:32:44 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check: Waser/Flynn book dates this as 1979.",
}

@Article{Wyatt:1976:PEP,
  author =       "W. T. {Wyatt Jr.} and D. W. Lozier and D. J. Orser",
  title =        "A Portable Extended Precision Arithmetic Package and
                 Library With {Fortran} Precompiler",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "209--231",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 12 08:07:55 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/toms/1976-2-3/p209-lozier/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Yau:1976:DMA,
  author =       "S. S. Yau and J. Chung",
  title =        "On the Design of Modulo Arithmetic Units Based on
                 Cyclic Groups",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1057--1067",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674555",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 06:24:54 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674555",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Zohar:1976:RTR,
  author =       "S. Zohar",
  title =        "Rounding and Truncation in Radix (-2) Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "464--469",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1976.1674634",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 06:24:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674634",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Agrawal:1977:CNB,
  author =       "D. P. Agrawal",
  title =        "Comments on {``A Note on Base-$2$ Arithmetic
                 Logic''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "511--511",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674869",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:54 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Yuen:1975:NBA}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674869",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{Albrecht:1977:GC,
  author =       "Rudolf Albrecht and Ulrich Kulisch",
  title =        "{Grundlagen der Computer-Arithmetik}",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Wien, Austria",
  pages =        "viii + 150",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-387-81410-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-81410-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Computing: Supplementum; 1 Computing
                 (Springer-Verlag). Supplementum; 1.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algebra, Abstract.; Floating-point arithmetic.;
                 Mathematics --- Data processing.",
  remark =       "``Diese Artikel stellen eine Auswahl von Vortragen
                 dar, die auf einer vom 4. bis 8. August 1975 im
                 `Mathematischen Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach'
                 stattgefundenen Tagung gehalten wurden.''",
}

@Book{Albrecht:1977:GCA,
  editor =       "R. Albrecht and U. Kulisch",
  title =        "{Grundlagen der Computer-Arithmetik} \toenglish
                 {Foundations of Computer Arithmetic} \endtoenglish",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 150",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-387-81410-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-81410-0",
  LCCN =         "QA162 .G78",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Diese Artikel stellen eine Auswahl von Vortragen dar,
                 die auf einer vom 4. bis 8. August 1975 im
                 `Mathematischen Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach'
                 stattgefundenen Tagung gehalten wurden.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Alexander:1977:SRR,
  author =       "V. L. Alexander",
  title =        "Square Root Routine",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1222",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1977:CAF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Computer Arithmetic: Foreword and Survey",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "609--609",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674892",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:55 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674892",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Manual{AppleComputer:1977:ARM,
  author =       "{Apple Computer, Inc}",
  title =        "{APPLESOFT} reference manual: extended precision
                 floating point {BASIC} language",
  organization = "Apple Computer, Inc.",
  address =      "Cupertino, CA, USA",
  pages =        "75",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Apple computer --- Programming.; BASIC (Computer
                 program language) --- Programming.; Microcomputers ---
                 Programming.",
}

@Article{Barak:1977:MAT,
  author =       "A. B. Barak",
  title =        "Multiplicative Algorithms for Ternary Arithmetic Using
                 Binary Logic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "823--826",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674922",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:56 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674922",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Bauer:1977:CFP,
  author =       "Henry R. Bauer",
  title =        "Comments on {``On the Floating Point Representation of
                 Complex Numbers''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "191--191",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.5009301",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Yuen:1975:FPR}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009301",
  abstract =     "A recent paper [Burroughs B7700 Information Processing
                 Systems Reference Manual, p.2-9 , 1973, Burroughs
                 Corporation] discussed an integrated notation for
                 complex numbers. A second choice of the radix point
                 position will increase the number of values near the
                 origin. An argument is also made for unnormalized
                 notation of both parts of a complex number.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Bivins:1977:SAA,
  author =       "Robert L. Bivins and Nicholas C. Metropolis",
  title =        "Significance Arithmetic: Application to a Partial
                 Differential Equation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "639--642",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674896",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tc/tc26.html#BivinsM77;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/12/35159/01674896.pdf?tp=&isnumber=35159&arnumber=1674896&punumber=12",
  abstract =     "The methods of significance arithmetic are applied to
                 the numerical solution of a nonlinear
                 partial-differential equation. Our approach permits the
                 use of initial values having imprecision considerably
                 greater than that of rounding error; moreover, the
                 intermediate and final quantities are monitored so that
                 at any stage the precision of such quantities is
                 available. An algorithm is found that represents
                 faithfully the solution to a difference-equation
                 approximation to Burgers' equation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  ZMnumber =     "0405.65056",
}

@Article{Bohlender:1977:FPC,
  author =       "Gerd Bohlender",
  title =        "Floating-Point Computation of Functions with Maximum
                 Accuracy",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "621--632",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674894",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  MRclass =      "65D15 (68A99)",
  MRnumber =     "56 9908",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
  reviewer =     "Bernard H. Rosman",
}

@MastersThesis{Brinkmann:1977:FPT,
  author =       "Hubert Eldie Brinkmann",
  title =        "A floating-point processor for the {Texas Instruments}
                 model {980A} computer",
  type =         "Electrical Engineering Thesis ({M.S.})",
  publisher =    "Brinkmann",
  school =       "Texas A\&M University",
  address =      "College Station, TX, USA",
  pages =        "x + 68",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Microprocessors.; Microprogramming.; Miniature
                 computers --- Programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Brown:1977:MSI,
  author =       "W. S. Brown",
  title =        "A realistic model of floating-point computation",
  crossref =     "Rice:1977:MSI",
  number =       "39",
  pages =        "343--360",
  year =         "1977",
  MRclass =      "68A05",
  MRnumber =     "58 3605",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "Costica Cazacu",
}

@Article{Collins:1977:APS,
  author =       "G. E. Collins and D. R. Musser",
  title =        "Analysis of the {Pope-Stein} Division Algorithm",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "151--155",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Colquhoun:1977:FAS,
  author =       "D. G. Colquhoun",
  title =        "A Fast Approximation to the Sine Function",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "227--229",
  month =        mar # "--" # apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:06:08 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{DEC:1977:VAH,
  author =       "{Digital Equipment Corporation}",
  title =        "{VAX-11}\slash 780 Architecture Handbook",
  publisher =    pub-DP,
  address =      pub-DP:adr,
  pages =        "328",
  year =         "1977",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8 .V12D5 B 2 829 348",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:50:55 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxISBN =       "(none)",
}

@InProceedings{Dekker:1977:MRR,
  author =       "T. J. Dekker",
  title =        "Machine Requirements for Reliable Portable Software",
  crossref =     "Cowell:1977:PMS",
  pages =        "22--36",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 07 08:38:01 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Derenzo:1977:AHC,
  author =       "Stephen E. Derenzo",
  title =        "Approximations for Hand Calculators Using Small
                 Integer Coefficients",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "137",
  pages =        "214--222",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "B0290D (Functional analysis); B0290F (Interpolation
                 and function approximation); C4120 (Functional
                 analysis); C4130 (Interpolation and function
                 approximation); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  keywords =     "approximations; function approximation; function
                 evaluation; hand calculators; programmable calculators;
                 small integer coefficients",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Egbert:1977:PCAa,
  author =       "W. E. Egbert",
  title =        "Personal Calculator Algorithms {I}: Square Roots",
  journal =      j-HEWLETT-PACKARD-J,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "22--24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "HPJOAX",
  ISSN =         "0018-1153",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5420 (Mainframes and minicomputers); C7310
                 (Mathematics computing)",
  keywords =     "electronic calculators; HP personal calculator; square
                 root algorithm",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Egbert:1977:PCAb,
  author =       "W. E. Egbert",
  title =        "Personal Calculator Algorithms {II}: Trigonometric
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-HEWLETT-PACKARD-J,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "17--20",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "HPJOAX",
  ISSN =         "0018-1153",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Egbert:1977:PCAc,
  author =       "W. E. Egbert",
  title =        "Personal Calculator Algorithms {III}: Inverse
                 Trigonometric Functions",
  journal =      j-HEWLETT-PACKARD-J,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22--23",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "HPJOAX",
  ISSN =         "0018-1153",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Evans:1977:AAT,
  author =       "Gillian R. Evans",
  title =        "From abacus to algorism: Theory and practice in
                 medieval arithmetic",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "114--131",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400015375",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  MRclass =      "01A35 (Mathematics in the medieval)",
  MRnumber =     "522510 (80e:01006)",
  MRreviewer =   "M. Folkerts",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4025865",
  abstract =     "This paper deals primarily with the change in
                 practical procedures of calculation which took place
                 during the course of the twelfth century in Western
                 Europe. At the beginning of the period, the abacus was
                 in relatively common use; towards the end, it was being
                 superseded by the method of calculation which was known
                 as the algorism. Certain differences of theory are
                 apparent. Among the textbooks which were most
                 influential in bringing about the change was
                 Sacrobosco's Algorithmus Vulgaris. Authors of both
                 abacus and algorism treatises give an account of
                 number-symbols and discuss elementary number theory
                 briefly, but the algorism treatise show how much more
                 confident the authors were in using Arabic numerals.
                 The algorisms employ a symbol for zero; although it has
                 antecedents in some abacus treatises, its usefulness
                 was clearly not fully perceived by the authors, because
                 the columns of the abacus made it unnecessary to use a
                 counter to indicate that the number under consideration
                 was, for example, 306, not 36. The algorisms deal with
                 a far wider range of operations; while the abacus
                 treatises confine themselves to multiplication and
                 division of whole numbers and fractions, the algorisms
                 have addition, subtraction, doubling, halving,
                 multiplication, division, the extraction of roots and
                 progression, as well as numeration. Changes in
                 technical terminology are discussed. There are two
                 appendices, one dealing with the compilation of
                 arithmetical texts in Bodleian Library Oxford,
                 MS.~Laud.~Misc.~644, and the other on the arithmetical
                 sense of the term equipollentia, which was a technical
                 term of dialectic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  ZMnumber =     "0358.01003",
  ZMreviewer =   "Gillian R. Evans",
}

@Article{Feldman:1977:EEA,
  author =       "Michael B. Feldman",
  title =        "Embedding extended arithmetic in {SNOBOL4}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--72",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:59 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  corpsource =   "George Washington Univ., Washington, DC, USA",
  keywords =     "complex numbers; data structure; data structures;
                 digital arithmetic; embedded; extended arithmetic;
                 procedure oriented languages; rotational numbers;
                 SNOBOL4",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Frenckner:1977:MFP,
  author =       "K. Frenckner and M. Persson and S. Romberger and Y.
                 Sundblad",
  title =        "Microprogrammed floating-point arithmetic for the
                 {Varian-73} computer",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "TRITA-NA-7702",
  institution =  "Kungl. Tekniska H{\"o}gskolan",
  address =      "Stockholm, Sweden",
  pages =        "37",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 25 05:52:09 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://weblib.cern.ch/format/showfull?uid=1451323_18194&base=CERCER&sysnb=0028467",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Ginsberg:1977:NID,
  author =       "Myron Ginsberg",
  title =        "Numerical influences on the design of floating-point
                 arithmetic for microcomputers",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CS 7708",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computer Science, Southern Methodist
                 University",
  address =      "Dallas, TX, USA",
  pages =        "72",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic --- Data processing.",
}

@TechReport{Goldsmith:1977:ICF,
  author =       "Theodore C. Goldsmith",
  title =        "An integrated circuit floating point accumulator",
  type =         "{NASA} technical note",
  number =       "NASA TN D-8509 NASA",
  institution =  "National Aeronautics and Space Administration; for
                 sale by the National Technical Information Service",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "26",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  govtdocnumber = "NAS 1.14:D-8509",
  remark =       "Issued June 1977.",
}

@Article{Goodman:1977:EGD,
  author =       "R. Goodman and A. Feldstein",
  title =        "Effect of Guard Digits and Normalization Options on
                 Floating Point Multiplication",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "93--106",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "55 11596",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 12:02:42 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  reviewer =     "N. N. Abdelmalek",
}

@Article{Gregory:1977:BCR,
  author =       "Robert Todd Gregory and David W. Matula",
  title =        "Base conversion in residue number systems",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "286--302",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01932149",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "10A30 (68A10)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0476627 (57 \#16186)",
  MRreviewer =   "L. Carlitz",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:15 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=17&issue=3;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=17&issue=3&spage=286",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Interval arithmetic; residue arithmetic",
}

@Article{Hashizume:1977:FPA,
  author =       "B. Hashizume",
  title =        "Floating Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "76--78, 180--188",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:44 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@PhdThesis{Hough:1977:EAI,
  author =       "David Granville Hough",
  title =        "Explaining and ameliorating the ill-condition of zeros
                 of polynomials",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} Thesis",
  school =       "Electronics Research Lab., Univ. California,
                 Berkeley",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "303",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  DOI =          "http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7731401",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 12 09:05:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jenkins:1977:URN,
  author =       "W. Jenkins and B. Leon",
  title =        "The use of residue number systems in the design of
                 finite impulse response digital filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "191--201",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=23467",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A technique is presented for implementing a finite
                 impulse response (FIR) digital filter in a residue
                 number system (RNS). For many years residue number
                 coding has been recognized as a system which provides a
                 capability for the implementation of \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Jullien:1977:HRD,
  author =       "G. Jullien and W. Miller and J. Soltis and A.
                 Baraniecka and B. Tseng",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '77",
  title =        "Hardware realization of digital signal processing
                 elements using the residue number system",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "506--510",
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19770117",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "In the past, hardware realization of digital signal
                 processing elements have been based upon binary
                 arithmetic concepts. Because of the dependence between
                 digits in binary arithmetic operations, the hardware
                 required to construct arithmetic elements \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Kent:1977:HSF,
  author =       "J. G. Kent",
  title =        "Highlights of a Study of Floating-Point Instructions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "660--666",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674899",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:15 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Kent:1977:HST,
  author =       "S. A. Kent",
  title =        "A High-Speed Threshold Gate Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1279--1283",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674790",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:59 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674790",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Kornerup:1977:UNR,
  author =       "P. Kornerup and B. D. Shriver",
  title =        "A Unified Numeric Representation Arithmetic Unit and
                 Its Language Support",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "651--659",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674898",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:55 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674898",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1977:MPU,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Matrix Processors Using $p$-adic Arithmetic for Exact
                 Linear Computations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "633--639",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674895",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:55 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674895",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Kuck:1977:ARM,
  author =       "David J. Kuck and Douglass S. {Parker Jr.} and Ahmed
                 H. Sameh",
  title =        "Analysis of Rounding Methods in Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "643--650",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674897",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "57 7979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 12:00:49 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  reviewer =     "V. V. Ivanov",
}

@Article{Kulisch:1977:MFC,
  author =       "Ulrich Kulisch",
  title =        "Mathematical foundations of computer arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "610--620",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674893",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:33:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Ligomenides:1977:SSF,
  author =       "P. A. Ligomenides",
  title =        "The Skip-and-Set Fast-Division Algorithm",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1030--1032",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674740",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 10:17:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674740",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{Luke:1977:ACM,
  author =       "Y. L. Luke",
  title =        "Algorithms for the Computation of Mathematical
                 Functions",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 284",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-12-459940-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-459940-6",
  LCCN =         "QA351 .L7961",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:13:16 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  wrongisbn =    "0-12-459940-6",
}

@TechReport{Maag:1977:SRE,
  author =       "Werner Maag and Rudolf Wehrli",
  title =        "Survey on rounding effects in floating-point
                 arithmetic",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "CM Sch{\"a}nis AG",
  address =      "Sch{\"a}nis, Switzerland",
  pages =        "73",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 09:10:32 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Metropolis:1977:MSA,
  author =       "N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Methods of significance arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Jacobs:1977:SAN",
  pages =        "179--192",
  year =         "1977",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (68A99)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0451673 (56 \#9955)",
  MRreviewer =   "N. N. Abdelmalek",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:25 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Metropolis:1977:SAP,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and Stephen M. Tanny",
  title =        "Significance arithmetic: the probability of carrying",
  journal =      j-COMP-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "77--81",
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0886-9561",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (10A30 65C10)",
  MRnumber =     "MR0458846 (56 \#17046)",
  MRreviewer =   "Artenio De Matteis",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This article develops a number of probabilistic
                 results related to a combinatorial representation of
                 the real number system. This representation employs an
                 algorithmic definition of the arithmetic operations
                 analogous to that used by a computer. A carry function
                 for each place is defined and the distribution of these
                 functions is characterized in terms of classical
                 combinatorial polynomials",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Mathematics with Applications. An
                 International Journal. Part B",
  ZMnumber =     "0371.60015",
}

@Article{Mitra:1977:CDI,
  author =       "Debasis Mitra",
  title =        "Criteria for Determining if a High-Order Digital
                 Filter Using Saturation Arithmetic is Free of Overflow
                 Oscillations",
  journal =      j-BELL-SYST-TECH-J,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1679--1699",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "BSTJAN",
  ISSN =         "0005-8580",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 9 11:15:56 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://bstj.bell-labs.com/oldfiles/year.1977/BSTJ.1977.5609.html;
                 http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol56-1977/bstj-vol56-issue09.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://bstj.bell-labs.com/BSTJ/images/Vol56/bstj56-9-1679.pdf;
                 http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol56-1977/articles/bstj56-9-1679.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Bell System Technical Journal",
}

@Article{Ninke:1977:SRB,
  author =       "W. H. Ninke and G. R. Ritchie",
  title =        "Shift Register Binary Rate Multipliers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "276--278",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674819",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:53 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674819",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Palmer:1977:ISF,
  author =       "J. Palmer",
  title =        "The {Intel} Standard for Floating Point Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1977:ICS",
  pages =        "107--112",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:09:10 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Papantoni-Kazakos:1977:CRE,
  author =       "P. Papantoni-Kazakos",
  title =        "Consideration of round off errors in the design of
                 mean square estimators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "276--279",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:03 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "In this correspondence, a search for the optimal
                 polynomial mean-square (ms) estimator is undertaken;
                 when the input is a vector with fixed dimensionality
                 and at the calculation of the estimator characteristics
                 the round off errors are considered. \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Randell:1977:CGC,
  author =       "B. Randell",
  title =        "{Colossus}: Godfather of the Computer",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "1038",
  pages =        "346--348",
  day =          "10",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079, 0028-6664",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:51:16 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 7.5]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Reimer:1977:AFO,
  author =       "M. Reimer",
  title =        "{Auswertungsalgorithmen fast-optimaler numerischer
                 Stabilit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Polynome} \toenglish {Algorithms
                 of Near-optimal Numerical Stability for the Evaluation
                 of Polynomials} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "289--296",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Ris:1977:UDF,
  author =       "Frederic N. Ris",
  title =        "A unified decimal floating-point architecture for the
                 support of high-level languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "60--70",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:09 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown Heights,
                 NY, USA",
  keywords =     "architecture; decimal floating-point arithmetic;
                 digital arithmetic; high level languages; procedure
                 oriented languages; unified",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Rjabko:1977:AHM,
  author =       "B. Ja. Rjabko",
  title =        "An analogue of {Haffmen}'s method for the optimal
                 summation of floating point numbers. ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Diskret. Analiz",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "38--45, 77",
  year =         "1977",
  MRclass =      "68C05 (68E99)",
  MRnumber =     "80c:68023",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "Vladimir Sleinikov",
  xxjournal =    "Metody Diskret. Anal. v Reshenii Kombinatornykh
                 Zadach",
}

@Article{Sanyal:1977:AND,
  author =       "S. Sanyal",
  title =        "An algorithm for nonrestoring division",
  journal =      j-COMP-DESIGN,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "124--127",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPDAM",
  ISSN =         "0010-4566",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Simmons:1977:SRA,
  author =       "David Michael Simmons",
  title =        "Signal-to-noise ration analysis of block floating
                 point {FFTS}",
  type =         "Electrical Engineering Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Missouri--Rolla",
  address =      "Rolla, MO, USA",
  pages =        "114",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Soderstrand:1977:HSL,
  author =       "M. A. Soderstrand",
  title =        "A high-speed low-cost recursive digital filter using
                 residue number arithmetic",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1065--1067",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264810",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=31255",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Use of table look-up multiplication by fractional
                 coefficients allows implementation of high-speed,
                 low-cost recursive digital filters using residue number
                 arithmetic. An 8-bit equivalent filter based on the
                 lossless discrete integrator (LDI) \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Soderstrand:1977:MRN,
  author =       "M. A. Soderstrand and E. L. Fields",
  title =        "Multipliers for residue-number-arithmetic digital
                 filters",
  journal =      j-ELECT-LETTERS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "164--166",
  day =          "17",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ELLEAK",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19770117",
  ISSN =         "0013-5194",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4249252",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A recently proposed residue-number-arithmetic digital
                 filter offers major cost and speed advantages over
                 binary-arithmetic digital filters, but suffers one
                 major drawback. The filter coefficients must be
                 constant, since the lack of a fast method of \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Steer:1977:DHS,
  author =       "D. G. Steer and S. R. Penstone",
  title =        "Digital Hardware for Sine-Cosine Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1283--1286",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674791",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Stenzel:1977:CHS,
  author =       "W. J. Stenzel",
  title =        "A Compact High-Spped Multiplication Scheme",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "948--957",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674730",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:20:56 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Stoutemyer:1977:AEA,
  author =       "David R. Stoutemyer",
  title =        "Automatic Error Analysis Using Computer Algebraic
                 Manipulation",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--43",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355719.355721",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 02 22:30:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper shows how the inherent error and the
                 fixed-point or floating-point roundoff of chopoff error
                 of an expression can be determined automatically using
                 a computer algebra language such as {REDUCE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Thong:1977:ARE,
  author =       "Tran Thong and Bede Liu",
  title =        "Accumulation of roundoff errors in floating point
                 {FFT}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "132--143",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "55 1722",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "Sven-{\AA}ke Gustafson",
  summary =      "A statistical model for roundoff error is used to
                 predict the output noise to signal ratio of the two
                 common FFT algorithms, the decimation in time and the
                 decimation in frequency algorithms. A unified approach
                 is used to obtain the error in both algorithms
                 \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Tran-Thong:1977:FPF,
  author =       "Tr{\^a}\`n-Th{\^o}\'ng and Bede Liu",
  title =        "Floating Point Fast {Fourier} Transform Computation
                 Using Double Precision Floating Point Accumulators",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--59",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355719.355723",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65T05",
  MRnumber =     "55 #11658",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 27 22:12:55 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toms.bib",
  abstract =     "Most commonly available fast Fourier transform (FFT)
                 subroutines use single precision chopping arithmetic,
                 and the resulting normalized roundoff error, in
                 computing an $N$-point transform with $N = \prod_{i =
                 1}^M a_i$ is $O(M^2)$. This paper proposes a
                 modification of these subroutines for use on computers
                 with a hardwired double precision arithmetic unit. The
                 resulting normalized roundoff error is $O(M)$ and is
                 independent of the $a_i$. The modification leads to a
                 negligible increase in storage. For most computers, the
                 increase in the execution time is small. For certain
                 computers, such as IBM System/360 models 91 and 195,
                 the modification can result in a decrease in the
                 execution time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic; double-length summation; fast
                 Fourier transform; roundoff error",
}

@Article{Trivedi:1977:LAD,
  author =       "Kishor S. Trivedi and Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "On-line algorithms for division and multiplication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "681--687",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674901",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 30 07:29:16 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Trivedi:1977:UCF,
  author =       "K. S. Trivedi",
  title =        "On the Use of Continued Fractions for Digital Computer
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "700--704",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674903",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:56 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See corrections \cite{Trivedi:1978:CUC}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674903",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Ushijima:1977:SEP,
  author =       "Kazuo Ushijima",
  title =        "Step to an Efficient Program for Floating-point
                 Summation",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "759--769",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1977:SIA,
  author =       "R. P. Williams",
  title =        "Serial Integer Arithmetic with Magnetic Bubbles",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "260--264",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674814",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 21:56:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1674814",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Wozniakowski:1977:NSC,
  author =       "H. Wo{\'z}niakowski",
  title =        "Numerical Stability of the {Chebyshev} Method for the
                 Solution of Large Linear Systems",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "191--209",
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4110 (Error analysis in numerical methods); C4140
                 (Linear algebra)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Carnegie-Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  keywords =     "Chebyshev approximation; Chebyshev method; computed
                 residuals; error analysis; floating point arithmetic;
                 iterative methods; large linear systems; linear
                 systems; numerical stability; rounding error analysis",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Yuen:1977:NRD,
  author =       "C. K. Yuen",
  title =        "A New Representation for Decimal Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1286--1288",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1977.1674792",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 18:00:38 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A new representation for decimal numbers is proposed.
                 It uses a mixture of positive and negative radixes to
                 ensure that the maximum value of a four bit decimal
                 digit is 9. This eliminates the more complex carry
                 generation process required in BCD addition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "decimal arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Abu-El-Haija:1978:AER,
  author =       "A. Abu-El-Haija and A. Peterson",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing: ICASSP '78",
  title =        "An approach to eliminate roundoff errors in digital
                 filters",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "75--78",
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Roundoff noise and limit cycle oscillations due to
                 postmultiplication rounding can seriously limit the
                 application of recursive digital filters in practice,
                 particularly for poles near the unit circle or near z =
                 +1. Rounding is usually performed by \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Agrawal:1978:AIR,
  author =       "Dharma P. Agrawal",
  title =        "On Arithmetic Inter-relationships and Hardware
                 Interchangeability of Negabinary and Binary Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "88--96",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Agrawal.pdf",
  abstract =     "Recent use of the negabinary system in the application
                 oriented digital hardware, has encouraged the search
                 for suitable arithmetic algorithms in $-2$ base. These
                 algorithms have been directly utilized in designing
                 logic circuits and several logic implementations have
                 been reported in the literature. The main objective of
                 this paper is to show the close relationship between
                 $+2$ base addition and $-2$ base negative addition. Two
                 possible ways of utilizing binary adders for performing
                 negabinary addition and their underlying theories are
                 presented. Two similar techniques of using negabinary
                 adders for binary addition are also considered in
                 detail. An interesting aspect of this investigation
                 about negabinary base is that negative addition (rather
                 than just addition) seems to be the primitive operation
                 from logic complexity and interchangeability of $+2$
                 and $-2$ adders point of view.\par

                 The technique of adding two numbers in one system by
                 the adders of the other system is extended here for
                 multiple operand addition. This requires inclusion of
                 an additional correction factor. Further, the additive
                 algorithms of this work lead to four simple conversion
                 processes of number from one system to another. This
                 paper seems to be a realistic step towards the use of
                 similar hardware for $+2$ and $-2$ bases and hence this
                 allows an instantaneous flexibility on the selection of
                 number system. It is believed that this paper will
                 attract more attention on the use of $-2$ base system
                 for the design of special purpose digital machines and
                 process controllers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Addition; ARITH-4; base conversion; binary numbers;
                 even positioned bits; multiple addition; negabinary
                 system; negative addition; negative radix; odd
                 positioned bits.",
}

@InProceedings{Agrawal:1978:MAL,
  author =       "Dharma P. Agrawal and T. R. N. Rao",
  title =        "On Modular $(2^n + 1)$ Arithmetic Logic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "104--108",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Agrawal_Rao.pdf",
  abstract =     "A novel format for representing modulo $(2^n + 1)$
                 numbers, is shown to be helpful in achieving modular
                 addition and complementation. Logic for fast addition
                 using carry-look-ahead and modular complementation is
                 also presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Article{Andrews:1978:EFM,
  author =       "M. Andrews and S. F. McCormick and G. D. Taylor",
  title =        "Evaluation of Functions on Microcomputers: Square
                 Root",
  journal =      j-COMP-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "359--367",
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:40:29 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@Article{Andrews:1978:IAN,
  author =       "M. Andrews",
  title =        "Influence of architecture on numerical algorithms",
  journal =      j-MICROPROC-MICROSYS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "130--137",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "MIMID5",
  ISSN =         "0141-9331",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:44 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Andrews:1978:UEF,
  author =       "M. Andrews and T. Mraz",
  title =        "Unified elementary function generator",
  journal =      j-MICROPROC-MICROSYS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "270--273",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "MIMID5",
  ISSN =         "0141-9331",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Manual{Apple:1978:AIR,
  key =          "Apple",
  title =        "{Applesoft II} reference manual: extended
                 floating-point {BASIC}",
  organization = "Apple Computer, Inc.",
  address =      "Cupertino, CA, USA",
  pages =        "63",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Apple II (Computer) --- Programming; BASIC (Computer
                 program language)",
}

@InProceedings{Atkins:1978:CTA,
  author =       "D. E. Atkins and S. C. Ong",
  title =        "A Comparison of Two Approaches to Multi-Operand Binary
                 Addition",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "125--139",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:47:38 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Atkins.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents the results of one phase of a
                 study concerning methods for addition of $P > 2$
                 numbers, each encoded as a vector of digits (digit
                 vector) of length $N$. Such multi-operand addition has
                 been studied most often in the context of reducing a
                 set of partial products to a single result in the
                 implementation of multiplication. More generalized
                 multi-operand addition, most notably in the form of
                 inner product calculations is, however, central to
                 numerous scientific applications of digital computers.
                 Although multioperand addition is trivially
                 accomplished by accumulation (iteration in time) in any
                 general purpose machine, demands for very high-speed
                 computation, typified by 2- and 3-D signal processing
                 prompt implementation of dedicated, hardware-intensive
                 structures for multi-operand addition. This study, for
                 example, is motivated in part by requirements for rapid
                 simultaneous addition of up to 100, 16-bit operands in
                 the design of a dedicated processor for real-time
                 reconstruction of 3-D images of the beating heart and
                 breathing lungs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@TechReport{Banerji:1978:HSD,
  author =       "Dilip K. Banerji and To-Yat Cheung and V. Ganesan",
  title =        "A high speed division method in residue arithmetic",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of Ottawa",
  address =      "Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5",
  pages =        "7",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 09:44:27 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://books.google.com/books?id=q8fBIwAACAAJ",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Credited to CH1630-3/81/0000/0158 IEEE 1981; where did
                 this appear?",
}

@Article{Baraniecka:1978:DTR,
  author =       "A. Baraniecka and G. Jullien",
  title =        "On decoding techniques for residue number system
                 realizations of digital signal processing hardware",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "935--936",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19770117",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=23475",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "In a recent issue of this journal, a hardware
                 implementation of the Chinese Remainder Theorem was
                 proposed for the translation of residue coded outputs
                 into natural integer for an FIR filter realization. The
                 method requires a modulo M adder- \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Bareiss:1978:PEA,
  author =       "Erwin H. Bareiss and Jesse L. Barlow.",
  title =        "Probabilistic error analysis of computer arithmetics",
  publisher =    "Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
                 Northwestern University",
  address =      "Evanston, IL, USA",
  pages =        "97",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 12:09:29 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Barsi:1978:ACR,
  author =       "F. Barsi and P. Maestrini",
  title =        "Arithmetic Codes in Residue Number Systems with
                 Magnitude Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1185--1188",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675023",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:33 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675023;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35165",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The idea of adding a magnitude index to the residue
                 representation of numbers is reconsidered. The range of
                 a given residue number system is supposed to be divided
                 into intervals of equal width, and the magnitude index
                 of a number X is defined as an \ldots{}",
}

@Manual{BellHowellCo:1978:BHF,
  author =       "{Bell and Howell Co} and {Apple Computer, Inc}",
  title =        "[{Bell and Howell} floating point {Basic} programming
                 reference manual]",
  organization = "Bell and Howell, Audio-Visual Products Division",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "xiii + 168",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Apple II (Computer) --- Programming.; BASIC (Computer
                 program language)",
  remark =       "Cover title. ``Reprinted with permission of Apple
                 Computer, Inc.'' Companion volume: Floating point Basic
                 tutorial manual. Quick reference guide on folded,
                 inserted leaf.",
}

@Article{Blue:1978:PFP,
  author =       "James L. Blue",
  title =        "A Portable {Fortran} Program to Find the {Euclidean}
                 Norm of a Vector",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--23",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355769.355771",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68A10",
  MRnumber =     "57 #18205",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 27 23:14:36 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "blas; floating-point arithmetic; floating-point
                 overflow; floating-point underflow; nla; norm;
                 software",
  reviewer =     "A. D. Booth",
}

@TechReport{Boehmer:1978:TAF,
  author =       "K. Boehmer and J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "{Triplex} Arithmetic for {Fortran}",
  type =         "MRC Technical Summary",
  number =       "1901",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  pages =        "38",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intarith.bib",
  abstract =     "Triplex arithmetic is a variant of interval arithmetic
                 in which a 'main' value is computed in addition to the
                 endpoints of the containing interval. The 'main' value
                 is, in general, the value that would have been computed
                 had properly-rounded real arithmetic been used to
                 compute the results of the calculation; it may in some
                 sense, be regarded as the 'most probable' value of the
                 result of the calculation. The endpoints of the
                 interval define the worst-case range of the possible
                 values of the computation. This report describes a
                 FORTRAN implementation of triplex arithmetic in both
                 single and multiple precision. The package described in
                 this report is designed to be used with the AUGMENT
                 precompiler: this makes triplex arithmetic particularly
                 easy to use.",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
  keywords =     "Approximation theory.; Equations, Abelian.; Spline
                 theory.",
}

@PhdThesis{Bohlender:1978:GBM,
  author =       "G. Bohlender",
  title =        "{Genaue Berechnung mehrfacher Summen, Produkte und
                 Wurzeln von Gleitkommazahlen und allgemeine Arithmetik
                 in h{\"o}heren Programmiersprachen} \toenglish
                 {Accurate Computation of Multiple Sums, Products and
                 Roots of Floating-Point Numbers and General Arithmetic
                 in High-Level Programming Languages} \endtoenglish",
  type =         "Dissertation",
  school =       "Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@Article{Boney:1978:MRW,
  author =       "J. Boney",
  title =        "Math in the Real World",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "114--119",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:44 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Brady:1978:MBL,
  author =       "W. G. Brady",
  title =        "More on {Benford}'s Law",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--52",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 17:59:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/16-1.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/16-1/brady.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly",
}

@TechReport{Brent:1978:AIB,
  author =       "R. P. Brent and J. A. Hooper and J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "An {Augment} Interface for {Brent}'s {Multiple
                 Precision Arithmetic Package}",
  type =         "MRC Technical Summary",
  number =       "1868",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Published In: ACM Trans. Math. Software 6, 146--149,
                 1980",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Brent:1978:AMF,
  author =       "Richard P. Brent",
  title =        "Algorithm 524: {MP}, {A Fortran} Multiple-Precision
                 Arithmetic Package [{A1}]",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355769.355776",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 05 22:49:15 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Brent:1979:RMF,Brent:1980:AIB}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brent:1978:FMP,
  author =       "Richard P. Brent",
  title =        "{A Fortran} Multiple-Precision Arithmetic Package",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--70",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355769.355775",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 27 23:13:25 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Case:1978:AIS,
  author =       "Richard P. Case and Andris Padegs",
  title =        "Architecture of the {IBM System}\slash 370",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--96",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 29 18:00:28 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Chow:1978:LDR,
  author =       "Catherine Y. Chow and James E. Robertson",
  title =        "Logical Design of a Redundant Binary Adder",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "109--115",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Chow.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper investigates the logical design of a
                 redundant binary adder with two input digits and one
                 output digit, all in the digit set $\{\bar{1}, 0, 1\}$.
                 Redundant binary arithmetic structures in which all
                 digit sets are $\{\bar{1}, 0, 1\}$ were first discussed
                 by Avizienis in 1961. Borovec studied the logical
                 design of a class of such binary adders and subtracters
                 in 1968. At that time, a variation of the adder\slash
                 subtracter was overlooked. This paper studies the
                 logical design of this variation. The sum digit is
                 still a function only of the digits in three adjacent
                 digital positions of the operands. ``Coupled don't
                 cares'' are encountered, but have not introduced too
                 much difficulty. The nine distinct formats (under
                 permutation and negation) of representing three values
                 with two bits given by Robertson are used. The simplest
                 adder\slash subtracter designs from this variation are
                 less complex than the simplest designs previously
                 known.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Cohen:1978:MAI,
  author =       "Danny Cohen",
  title =        "Mathematical Approach to Iterative Computation
                 Networks",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "226--237",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Cohen.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper deals with design principles for iterative
                 computation networks. Such computation networks are
                 used for performing repetitive computations which
                 typically are not data dependent. Most of the signal
                 processing algorithms. like FFT and filtering, belong
                 to this class.\par

                 The main idea in this paper is the development of
                 mathematical notation for expressing such designs. This
                 notation captures the important features and properties
                 of these computation networks, and can be used both for
                 analyzing and for designing computational networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@TechReport{Coonen:1978:SPS,
  author =       "Jerome T. Coonen",
  title =        "Specification for a proposed standard for floating
                 point arithmetic",
  type =         "Memorandum",
  number =       "ERL M78/72",
  institution =  "University of California, Berkeley",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 24 09:10:35 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Corsini:1978:USM,
  author =       "P. Corsini and G. Frosini",
  title =        "Uniform Shift Multiplication Algorithms Without
                 Overflow",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "256--258",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675081",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675081",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@TechReport{Crary:1978:APT,
  author =       "F. D. Crary and J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "The {Augment} Precompiler as a Tool for the
                 Development of Special Purpose Arithmetic Packages",
  type =         "MRC Technical Summary",
  number =       "1892",
  institution =  inst-MRC-WISCONSIN,
  address =      inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@InProceedings{Dadda:1978:MAB,
  author =       "Luigi Dadda",
  title =        "Multiple Addition of Binary Serial Numbers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "140--148",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:48:30 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Dadda.pdf",
  abstract =     "It is shown how circuits for the addition of several
                 serial binary numbers can be obtained as a combination
                 of parallel counters and memory cells.\par

                 The various schemes belong to one of three different
                 classes, characterized by the way in which carries,
                 produced by parallel counters, are treated.\par

                 A comparison is made between the various schemes, in
                 terms of speed and complexity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Article{Debnath:1978:EMO,
  author =       "R. C. Debnath and D. A. Pucknell",
  title =        "Erratum: On multiplicative overflow detection in
                 residue number system",
  journal =      j-ELECT-LETTERS,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "385",
  day =          "8",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ELLEAK",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19780260",
  ISSN =         "0013-5194",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Debnath:1978:MOD}",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4241130",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
}

@Article{Debnath:1978:MOD,
  author =       "R. C. Debnath and D. A. Pucknell",
  title =        "On multiplicative overflow detection in residue number
                 system",
  journal =      j-ELECT-LETTERS,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "129--130",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ELLEAK",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19780088",
  ISSN =         "0013-5194",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Debnath:1978:EMO}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4240881",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A general method for the detection of multiplicative
                 overflow has been developed. The method has been found
                 suitable in 16--15-mod residue system from the
                 consideration of cost and speed. A circuit for
                 16--15-mod-multiplicative overflow detection \ldots{}",
}

@Misc{DEC-ES:1978:VIS,
  author =       "{Digital Equipment Corporation. Educational
                 Services}",
  title =        "{VAX-11} instruction set",
  publisher =    "Digital Equipment Corporation",
  address =      "Maynard, MA, USA",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "13 videocassettes (ca. 585 min.)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic; VAX-11 (Computer)
                 --- Programming.",
  remark =       "Accompanied by 11 volumes of print materials, 1981.
                 [1] Instruction formats and addressing modes, lesson 1
                 --- [2] Instruction formats and addressing modes,
                 lessons 2 and 3 --- [3] Integer, logical, and branch
                 instructions, lessons 1 and 2 --- [4] Integer, logical,
                 and branch instructions, lessons 3 and 4 --- [5]
                 Character string instructions, lessons 1 and 2 --- [6]
                 Character string instructions, lessons 3 and 4 --- [7]
                 Decimal string instructions, lessons 1 and 2 --- [8]
                 Decimal string instructions, lessons 3, 4, and 5 ---
                 [9] Special instructions --- [10] Procedures and
                 subroutine instructions --- [11] Stack and address
                 instructions --- [12] Variable bit field instructions
                 --- [13] Floating point instructions. Provides an
                 introduction to the VAX-11 computer system.",
}

@Article{Egbert:1978:PCA,
  author =       "W. E. Egbert",
  title =        "Personal Calculator Algorithms {IV}: Logarithmic
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-HEWLETT-PACKARD-J,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "29--32",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:09 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Ercegovac:1978:AME,
  author =       "M. D. Ercegovac and M. M. Takata",
  title =        "An Arithmetic Module for Efficient Evaluation of
                 Functions",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "190--199",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Ercegovac_Takata.pdf",
  abstract =     "The organization and design of an arithmetic module
                 (Basic Byte-Slice Module --- BBM) is presented. A
                 network of BBWs implements an efficient digit-by-digit
                 method for fast evaluation of polynomial and rational
                 functions. Verification of the BBW design, its
                 feasibility in present LSI technologies and its
                 performance are discussed. The proposed BBW is
                 characterized by a small number of input\slash output
                 terminals, a uniform internal structure, and simple
                 control and inter-module communication requirements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Ercegovac:1978:FIS,
  author =       "Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac and Algirdas Avizienis",
  title =        "The {Fourth IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic}:
                 Foreword",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "v--v",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_contents.pdf;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_foreword.pdf;
                 http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_preface.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Ercegovac:1978:LSR,
  author =       "Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "An On-Line Square Rooting Algorithm",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "183--189",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Ercegovac.pdf",
  abstract =     "An on-line algorithm for computing square roots in a
                 radix 2, normalized floating-point number system with
                 the redundant digit set $\{-1, 0, 1\}$ is described.
                 The algorithm has on-line delay of one and it is
                 amenable for modular implementation. A systematic
                 approach, used in deriving this algorithm, is presented
                 in detail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@TechReport{Espelid:1978:FPS,
  author =       "Terje O. Espelid",
  title =        "On floating-point summation",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "67",
  institution =  "Department of Applied Mathematics, University of
                 Bergen",
  address =      "Bergen, Norway",
  pages =        "24",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:03:27 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@Periodical{FloatingPointSystems:1978:P,
  author =       "{Floating Point Systems, Inc}",
  title =        "To the point",
  publisher =    "Floating Point Systems",
  address =      "Portland, OR, USA",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  alttitle =     "To the point (Portland, Or.)",
  keywords =     "Floating Point Systems, Inc. --- Periodicals.",
  remark =       "``Employee newsletter.'' Title from caption.",
}

@Article{Fox:1978:AFP,
  author =       "P. A. Fox and A. D. Hall and N. L. Schryer",
  title =        "{Algorithm 528}: Framework for a Portable Library
                 [{Z}]",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "177--188",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355780.355789",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 27 23:30:46 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See remarks \cite{Fox:1979:RFP,Gay:1999:SAF}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "The three program packages presented here provide a
                 framework for a portable FORTRAN subroutine library.
                 They were developed for the BELL Laboratories library
                 PORT(1). The packages are: machine-dependent constants,
                 automatic error handling, and dynamic storage
                 allocation using a stack.",
  country =      "USA",
  date =         "19/03/80",
  descriptors =  "Reliability; program construction; mathematical
                 method; FORTRAN; portability; error handling; memory
                 management; library;",
  enum =         "988",
  language =     "English",
  location =     "RWTH-AC-DFV: TELL",
  references =   "1",
  revision =     "20/03/92",
}

@Article{Fox:1978:PMS,
  author =       "P. A. Fox and A. D. Hall and N. L. Schryer",
  title =        "The {PORT} Mathematical Subroutine Library",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "104--126",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355780.355783",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 27 23:13:25 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The development at Bell Laboratories of PORT, a
                 library of portable Fortran programs for numerical
                 computation, is discussed. Portability is achieved by
                 careful language specification, together with the key
                 technique of specifying computer classes by means of
                 predefined machine constants. The library is built
                 around an automatic error-handling facility and a
                 dynamic storage allocation scheme, both of which are
                 implemented portably. These, together with the modular
                 structure of the library, lead to simplified calling
                 sequences and ease of use.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "dynamic storage allocation; error handling; libraries;
                 numerical analysis; portability",
}

@Manual{FPS:1978:AAP,
  key =          "FPS",
  title =        "{AP-120B} Array Processor handbook",
  organization = "Floating Point Systems, Inc.",
  address =      "Portland, OR, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:52:30 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Fraley:1978:ZIR,
  author =       "B. Fraley",
  title =        "Zeros and Infinities Revisited and Gradual Underflow",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "HP Laboratories",
  address =      "3500 Deer Creek Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "28",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:53:38 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Frankowski:1978:RME,
  author =       "Krzysztof S. Frankowski",
  title =        "A Realistic Model for Error Estimates in the
                 Evaluation of Elementary Functions",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "70--74",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 11:22:03 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Frankowski.pdf",
  abstract =     "Floating point error analysis, as described by J. H.
                 Wilkinson (1963) has two known drawbacks: it is too
                 pessimistic and too cumbersome for everyday use. This
                 paper describes a realistic model for error analysis,
                 gives examples of simple formulae frequently used in
                 the calculation of elementary functions, and analyses
                 the error generated in single precision computations
                 with these formulae, using the proposed model for error
                 analysis. The paper also presents error bounds for
                 various polynomial evaluations, as predicted by the
                 model. Model verification is done using double
                 precision arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Gajski:1978:DAE,
  author =       "Daniel D. Gajski and L. P. Rubinfield",
  title =        "Design of Arithmetic Elements for {Burroughs
                 Scientific Processor}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "245--256",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:54:59 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Gajski.pdf",
  abstract =     "The design criteria and implementation of the
                 Arithmetic Element (AE) of the Burroughs Scientific
                 Processor, a vector machine intended for scientific
                 computation requiring speed of up to 50 million
                 floating-point operations per second, is discussed. An
                 array of 16 AEs operate in lockstep mode, executing the
                 same instruction on 16 sets of data. The 16 AEs are one
                 stage in a pipeline which consists of 17 memory
                 modules, an input alignment network, and an output
                 alignment net-work. The AE itself is not pipelined. It
                 can perform over one hundred different operations
                 including a floating-point addition\slash subtraction
                 and multiplication, division, square root, among the
                 others. Eight registers are provided for the storage of
                 intermediate values and results. Modulo 3 residue
                 arithmetic is used for checking hardware failures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Garcia:1978:AES,
  author =       "Oscar N. Garcia and Harvey Glass and Stanley C.
                 Haines",
  title =        "An Approximate and Empirical Study of the Distribution
                 of Adder Inputs and Maximum Carry Length Propagation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "97--103",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:49:07 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Garcia.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper investigates, using sampled data, the
                 commonly used hypothesis that integer operands reaching
                 the adder of a computer are uniformly distributed.
                 Questions raised on the validity of that hypothesis are
                 reinforced and their impact on the calculation of the
                 average of the worst case length of carry propagation
                 is considered. An approximate formula is developed for
                 the worst case carry chain length when the arithmetic
                 operands are restricted in magnitude.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4; average worst case carry chain; binary
                 addition; carry propagation",
}

@Article{Garner:1978:TCA,
  author =       "H. L. Garner",
  title =        "Theory of Computer Addition and Overflows",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "297--301",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675101",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:28 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675101",
  abstract =     "Computer addition is a groupoid. If an additive
                 identity exists it is unique. If(and only if) addition
                 is defined with the compute through the overflow (CTO)
                 property, then a finite ring of integers is the
                 homomorphic image of the computer number system and
                 addition. Stated another way, the necessary and
                 sufficient condition for CTO is a congruence relation
                 on the integers. Also, if the number system has CTO
                 capabilities for addition, it also has extended CTO
                 properties for addition. A technique is presented for
                 determining the correct sum in the extended compute
                 through overflow (ECTO) mode of computation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "additive identity; compute through overflow (CTO);
                 computer arithmetic; models of computer arithmetic;
                 number systems; overflow behavior",
}

@Book{Hamacher:1978:CO,
  author =       "V. Carl Hamacher and Zvonko G. Vranesic and Safwat G.
                 Zaky",
  title =        "Computer organization",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 465",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-07-025681-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-025681-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A73 H35",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:24:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "McGraw-Hill series in computer organization and
                 architecture",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Horspool:1978:EAU,
  author =       "R. Nigel Horspool and Eric C. R. Hehner",
  title =        "Exact Arithmetic Using a Variable-Length p-adic
                 Representation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "10--14",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Horspool.pdf",
  abstract =     "The $p$-adic number system is introduced and developed
                 into a form suitable for performing exact arithmetic in
                 computers. The proposed representation has several
                 desirable attributes: the four standard arithmetic
                 operations have a simple consistent form, the
                 programmer has the ability to choose the precise degree
                 of accuracy in his calculations and the variable-length
                 nature of the representation achieves compact
                 encodings",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Hull:1978:DFP,
  author =       "T. E. Hull",
  title =        "Desirable Floating-Point Arithmetic and Elementary
                 Functions for Numerical Computation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "63--69",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 12:14:34 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Hull.pdf",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this paper is to summarize proposed
                 specifications for floating-point arithmetic and
                 elementary functions. The topics considered are: the
                 base of the number system, precision control, number
                 representation, arithmetic operations, other basic
                 operations, elementary functions, and exception
                 handling. The possibility of doing without fixed-point
                 arithmetic is also discussed.\par

                 The specifications are intended to be entirely at the
                 level of a programming language such as Fortran. The
                 emphasis is on convenience and simplicity from the
                 user's point of view. The specifications are not
                 complete in every detail, but it is intended that they
                 be complete ``in spirit'' --- some further details,
                 especially syntactic details, would have to be
                 provided, but the proposals are otherwise relatively
                 complete.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4; decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "Refined and implemented later by
                 \cite{Cohen:1983:CCP}. The paper begins with the
                 quote

                 ``\ldots{} the expression $25 + 1/3$ yields the value
                 $5.333333$ in PL/I, and $.333334$ in PL/C \ldots{}'',
                 Conway and Gries, An Introduction to Programming, 1975,
                 p. 24.",
}

@InProceedings{Hwang:1978:IRR,
  author =       "Kai Hwang and T. P. Chang",
  title =        "An Interleaved Rational\slash Radix Arithmetic System
                 for High-Precision Computations",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "15--24",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:49:59 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Hwang.pdf",
  abstract =     "A new interleaved rational\slash radix number system
                 is proposed for upgrading the precision of normalized
                 Floating-Point (FLP) arithmetic operations without
                 increasing the basic word length. A complete set of
                 rational rounding and arithmetic algorithms are
                 developed. The Average Relative Representation Error
                 (ARRE) of the proposed flexible FLP system is computed
                 through a series of simulation studies on CDC 6500. Our
                 results show a 10\% improvement of representation
                 accuracy when compared with the ARRE of conventional
                 FLP system. The architecture of a rational FLP
                 arithmetic processor is also presented. Tradeoffs
                 between operating speed and computing accuracy are
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4; Farey rational numbers",
}

@Manual{Intel:1978:FAL,
  author =       "{Intel Corporation}",
  title =        "8080\slash 8085 floating-point arithmetic library:
                 user's manual",
  organization = "Intel Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Clara, CA, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Intel 8080 (Microprocessor) --- Programming.; Intel
                 8085 (Microprocessor) --- Programming.",
  remark =       "``Manual order number: 9800452B.''",
}

@InProceedings{Jullien:1978:ARN,
  author =       "G. A. Jullien and W. C. Miller",
  title =        "Application of the Residue Number System to Computer
                 Processing of Digital Signals",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "220--225",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Jullien.pdf",
  abstract =     "The residue number system offers parallel processing,
                 digital hardware implementations for the binary
                 operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication.
                 This paper discusses the use of the residue number
                 system in implementing digital signal processing
                 functions, in which these binary operations abound. The
                 paper covers implementations using arrays of read only
                 memories, and briefly discusses the use of parallel
                 microprocessor structures. ROM array implementations of
                 scaling operations are also presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4; residue number system",
}

@Article{Jullien:1978:RNS,
  author =       "G. A. Jullien",
  title =        "Residue Number Scaling and Other Operations Using
                 {ROM} Arrays",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "325--336",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675105",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:28 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675105;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35168",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Over the last two decades there has been considerable
                 interest in the implementation of digital computer
                 elements using hardware based on the residue number
                 system. This paper considers implementing such systems
                 with arrays of look-up tables placed \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Koren:1978:UAC,
  author =       "Israel Koren and Yoram Maliniak",
  title =        "A Unified Approach to a Class of Number Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "25--28",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Koren.pdf",
  abstract =     "A unified approach to a broad class of number systems
                 is proposed in this paper. This class contains all
                 positive and negative radix systems and other
                 well-known number systems. The proposed approach
                 enables us to develop a single set of algorithms for
                 arithmetic operations and conversion methods between
                 number systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Kornerup:1978:FAF,
  author =       "Peter Kornerup and David W. Matula",
  title =        "A Feasibility Analysis of Fixed-Slash and
                 Floating-Slash Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "{39--47}",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:50:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Kornerup.pdf",
  abstract =     "An investigation of the feasibility of a finite
                 precision approximate rational arithmetic based on
                 fixed-slash representation of rational numbers is
                 presented. Worst-case and average-case complexity
                 analyses of the involved rounding algorithm (an
                 extended shift-subtract gcd algorithm) are presented.
                 The results are applied to a proposed hardware
                 realization of a fixed-slash arithmetic unit.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Krishnamurthy:1978:MPP,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy and H. Venkateswaran",
  title =        "Multivariable Polynomial Processing --- Applications
                 to Interpolation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "81--87",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Krishnamurthy.pdf",
  abstract =     "A data-structure suitable for multivariable polynomial
                 processing in introduced. Using this data structure,
                 arithmetic algorithms are described for addition,
                 subtraction and multiplication of multivariable
                 polynomials; also algorithms are described for forming
                 the inner product and tensor product of vectors, Those
                 components are multivariable polynomials. Application
                 of these algorithms for multivariable cardinal spline
                 approximation is described in detail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Book{Kuck:1978:SCC,
  author =       "David J. Kuck",
  title =        "The structure of computers and computations",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 611",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-471-02716-2 (vol. 1), 0-471-08138-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-02716-4 (vol. 1), 978-0-471-08138-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A73 K83",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 20 05:05:46 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See Chapter 3 for floating-point arithmetic
                 discussion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Liddiard:1978:RSF,
  author =       "L. A. Liddiard",
  title =        "Required Scientific Floating Point Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "56--62",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 11:06:57 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Liddiard.pdf",
  abstract =     "Previous papers in computer arithmetic have shown that
                 correct rounded floating point with good arithmetic
                 properties can be attained using guard digits and
                 careful algorithms on the floating point fractions.
                 This paper combines that body of knowledge with
                 proposed exponent forms that are closed with respect to
                 inversion and detection and recovery of exponent under-
                 and overflow. In addition radix 2 is shown to be the
                 only base radix meeting minimal variation of precision,
                 a condition necessary for the safe use of floating
                 point. An effort is made to establish objective
                 criteria in answer to the question ``What is the best
                 division of the computer word into exponent and
                 fraction parts?''. Combining the previous results
                 allows a required scientific floating point arithmetic
                 to be portrayed and compared with available arithmetic
                 on current computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4; arithmetic properties; exponent over;
                 Floating point exponents; optimal base radix",
}

@InProceedings{Lillevik:1978:CDA,
  author =       "Sigurd L. Lillevik and P. David Fisher",
  title =        "Computational Design Alternatives with
                 Microprocessor-Based Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "267--272",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Lillevik.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper examines and characterizes four elemental
                 hardware computational design alternatives (CDA's) and
                 presents a structured approach to computational section
                 design which incorporates a rigorous, theoretic
                 foundation. The DIRECT CDA incorporates a single
                 microprocessor ($\mu$P) and memory. The AU CDA contains
                 a $\mu$P, memory, and arithmetic unit. $\mu$P, memory,
                 and calculator chip comprise the CALC CDA. Finally,
                 several $\mu$P's and memories in a Master\slash Slave
                 arrangement implement the multiple-$\mu$P m$\mu$P CDA.
                 A common set of attributes --- precision, speed and
                 cost --- facilitates comparison. Using these
                 attributes, Multiattribute Utility Theory assesses a
                 numeric quantity, the utility, to represent each CDA's
                 relative usefulness. Thus, design involves selecting
                 the CDA with the greatest utility.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Lim:1978:HSM,
  author =       "Raymond S. Lim",
  title =        "High-Speed Multiplication and Multiple Summand
                 Addition",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "149--153",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Lim.pdf",
  abstract =     "The problem of high-speed multiplication is considered
                 from the viewpoint of summand generation and summand
                 summation. The goal is to obtain at least a
                 2's-complement, 32-bit floating-point (sign plus 24-bit
                 fraction) multiplication in 10 to 20 ns using ECL LSI
                 packages. Summand generation is implemented by $m
                 \times m$-bit multipliers. The optimum values for $m$
                 are 9, 13, 17, or 21. Summand summation is implemented
                 by a row of $(p,2)$ column-summing counters. The
                 $(0,2)$, $(5,2)$, and $(7,2)$ counters are optimum
                 choices. These counters compress $p$ inputs into two
                 outputs plus nonpropagating carry bits, where these
                 bits are added to the next higher-order stage with at
                 most two full adder delays.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Article{Liu:1978:ECC,
  author =       "Chao-Kai Liu and Tse Lin Wang",
  title =        "Error-Correcting Codes in Binary-Coded-Decimal
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "977--984",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1674987",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 17:26:15 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Error-correcting coding schemes devised for binary
                 arithmetic are not in general applicable to BCD
                 arithmetic. In this paper, we investigate the new
                 problem of using such coding schemes in BCD systems. We
                 first discuss the general characteristics of arithmetic
                 errors and define the arithmetic weight and distance in
                 BCD systems. We show that the distance is a metric
                 function. Number theory is used to construct a class of
                 single-error-correcting codes for BCD arithmetic. It is
                 shown that the generator of these codes possesses a
                 very simple form and the structure of these codes can
                 be analytically determined.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "BCD arithmetic; decimal arithmetic",
}

@Article{Logan:1978:FDP,
  author =       "Jonothan L. Logan and Samuel A. Goudsmit",
  title =        "The First Digit Phenomenon",
  journal =      j-PROC-AMER-PHIL-SOC,
  volume =       "122",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "193--197",
  day =          "18",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "PAPCAA",
  ISSN =         "0003-049X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 30 11:20:35 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-049X(19780818)122%3A4%3C193%3ATFDP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C",
  abstract =     "Forty years ago an article appeared in these
                 Proceedings, which has since then attracted much
                 attention of mathematicians and some physicists. It was
                 written by Frank Benford, a physicist from the General
                 Electric Company at Schenectady. He had examined a
                 large number of numerical tables, the kind that are
                 printed in almanacs, and in scientific and technical
                 handbooks. He noticed a most unusual and unexpected
                 property of many of these tables. Consider, for
                 example, the numbers representing the populations of
                 states or all the countries in the world, or their
                 areas, their budgets, their numbers of hospital beds,
                 etc. One would expect that on the average just as many
                 of these entries would begin with the digit $1$ as with
                 $2$ or $3$ or $4$, and so on. But Benford noticed that
                 small values of the first digits occur far more
                 often.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society",
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1978:BDS,
  author =       "David W. Matula",
  title =        "Basic Digit Sets for Radix Representation of the
                 Integers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "1--9",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:51:32 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Matula.pdf",
  abstract =     "Let $Z$ denote the set of integers. A digit set $D \in
                 Z$ is basic for base $\beta \in Z$ if the set of
                 polynomials $\{d_m \beta^m + d_{m-1}\beta^{m-1} +
                 \ldots{} + d_1 \beta + d_0 | d_i \in D\}$ contains a
                 unique representation for every $n \in Z$. We give
                 necessary and sufficient conditions for D to be basic
                 for $\beta$. We exhibit efficient procedures for
                 verifying that $D$ is basic for $S$, and for computing
                 the representation of any $n \in Z$ when a
                 representation exists. There exist $D$, $S$ with $D$
                 basic for $S$ where $\max \{ |d| \vert d \in D \} >
                 |\beta|$, and more generally, an infinite class of
                 basic digit sets is shown to exist for every base $S$
                 with $\beta \geq 3$. The natural extension to infinite
                 precision radix representation using basic digit sets
                 is considered and a summary of results is presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4; base; digit representation; finite and
                 infinite precision; non-standard number",
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1978:FAF,
  author =       "David W. Matula and Peter Kornerup",
  title =        "A Feasibility Analysis of Fixed-Slash and
                 Floating-Slash Number Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "{29--38}",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:52:07 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Matula_Kornerup.pdf",
  abstract =     "Design and analysis of finite precision rational
                 number systems based on fixed-slash and floating-slash
                 representation is pursued. Natural formats for binary
                 fixed-slash and binary floating-slash number
                 representation in computer words are described.
                 Compatibility with standard integer representation is
                 obtained. Redundancy in the representation is shown to
                 be minimal. Arithmetic register requirements are
                 considered. Worst case and average case rounding errors
                 are determined, and the concept of adaptive variable
                 precision in the rounding is developed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "adaptive variable precision; adjacent fractions;
                 ARITH-4; binary numeric word format; Farey fractions;
                 finite precision; fixed-slash numbers; floating-slash
                 numbers; integer compatibility; mediant roundings;
                 range of number system; rational arithmetic;
                 redundancy; worst case and average case rounding
                 error",
}

@Article{McCrea:1978:CFP,
  author =       "P. G. McCrea and P. C. Maxwell and P. W. Baker",
  title =        "Comments on {``A Floating-Point Multiplexed DDA
                 System''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1226--1226",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675033",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:33 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hannington:1976:FPM}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675033",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Mitra:1978:ITD,
  author =       "S. K. Mitra and G. K. Sorknes",
  title =        "On the Implementation of a Two-Dimensional {FIR}
                 Filter Using a Single Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "762--764",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675186",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:30 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675186",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Murphy:1978:SRP,
  author =       "T. R. Murphy and P. L. Rickard",
  title =        "Square-Root Procedure for Floating-Point Numbers",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "785",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Nussabaumer:1978:FMN,
  author =       "H. J. Nussabaumer",
  title =        "Fast Multipliers for Number Theoretic Transforms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "764--765",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675187",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:30 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675187",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{OLeary:1978:DHS,
  author =       "G. P. O'Leary",
  title =        "The design of a high-speed arithmetic processor",
  crossref =     "COMPSAC:1978:CPC",
  pages =        "175--176",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 22:19:45 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Payne:1978:DPF,
  author =       "M. Payne and W. Strecker",
  title =        "Draft Proposal for Floating Point Standard",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "Digital Equipment Corporation",
  address =      "Maynard, MA, USA",
  day =          "11",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:11:42 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Preston:1978:NAT,
  author =       "F. S. Preston",
  title =        "A New Algorithm for the Tangent",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "167",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675052",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{Ralston:1978:FCN,
  author =       "Anthony Ralston and Philip Rabinowitz",
  title =        "A first course in numerical analysis",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xix + 556",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-07-051158-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-051158-3",
  LCCN =         "QA297 .R3 1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 20 10:13:32 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$19.50",
  series =       "International series in pure and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See also first edition{Ralston:1965:FCN}. Reprinted in
                 \cite{Ralston:2001:FCN}.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis",
}

@Article{Rashed:1978:LRI,
  author =       "Roshd{\={\i}} R{\=a}shed",
  title =        "{L}'Extraction de la Racine $n^{\hbox{\rm i{\`e}me}}$
                 et l'Invention des Fractions {D}{\'e}cimales
                 ({XI}$^e$--{XII}$^e$ Si{\`e}cles). ({French}) [{The}
                 extraction of the n$^{{\rm th}}$ root and the invention
                 of decimal fractions (11$^{{\rm th}}$--12$^{{\rm th}}$
                 centuries)]",
  journal =      j-ARCH-HIST-EXACT-SCI,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "191--243",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "AHESAN",
  ISSN =         "0003-9519 (print), 1432-0657 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-9519",
  MRclass =      "01A35",
  MRnumber =     "0484970 (58 \#4829)",
  MRreviewer =   "H. L. L. Busard",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 4 21:50:14 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0003-9519&volume=18&issue=3;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0003-9519&volume=18&issue=3&spage=191",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Archive for History of Exact Sciences",
  language =     "French",
  MRtitle =      "{L}'extraction de la racine {$n$}i{\`e}me et
                 l'invention des fractions d{\'e}cimales ({XIe--XIIe}
                 si{\`e}cles)",
  MRyear =       "1977/78",
}

@InProceedings{Reuter:1978:SEU,
  author =       "Eric K. Reuter and John P. Jeter and J. Wayne Anderson
                 and Bruce D. Shriver",
  title =        "Some Experiments Using Interval Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "75--80",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Reuter.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper reviews past experiences and discusses
                 future work in the area of interval arithmetic at the
                 University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL). Two
                 versions of interval arithmetic were developed and
                 implemented at USL. An interval data type declaration
                 and the necessary mathematical functions for this data
                 type were added to Fortran via the preprocessor Augment
                 (4,5). In the first version the endpoints of the
                 intervals were represented as single precision floating
                 point numbers. In the other version, the endpoints were
                 represented to 56 decimal digits. Production
                 engineering programs were run as benchmarks (8). The
                 accumulation of computational and algorithmic error
                 could be observed as a widening of the intervals. The
                 benchmarks were also run in normal single and double
                 precision arithmetic. In some instances, the result
                 obtained from a single or double precision calculation
                 was not bounded by the corresponding interval result
                 indicating some problem with the algorithm. The
                 widening of an interval does not necessarily indicate a
                 data sensitivity nor error in an algorithm. However,
                 these large intervals can be used as indicator of no
                 problems. As could be expected, the 56-decimal digit
                 precision interval gave better results in terms of
                 smaller intervals due to the increased amount of
                 precision. The obvious problem with this version is
                 that the amount of overhead required for its execution
                 is high.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Manual{Richardson:1978:ATB,
  author =       "Caryl Richardson and Jef Raskin",
  title =        "The {Apple} tutorial: based on the {Apple} {II} Basic
                 programming manual",
  organization = "Bell and Howell, Audio-Visual Products Division",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 157",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Apple II (Computer) --- Programming.; BASIC (Computer
                 program language)",
  remark =       "Cover title: Floating point Basic tutorial manual.
                 ``Reprinted with the permission of Apple Computer
                 Inc.'' Companion volume: Bell and Howell floating point
                 Basic programming reference manual.",
}

@Article{Ruckdeschel:1978:FA,
  author =       "F. Ruckdeschel",
  title =        "Functional Approximations",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "34--46",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Russell:1978:CCS,
  author =       "Richard M. Russell",
  title =        "The {Cray-1} Computer System",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--72",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:08:43 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "grecommended91, existing classic architecture, maeder
                 biblio: parallel hardware and devices, implementation,
                 ginsberg biblio: bhibbard enm, j\-lb",
  remark =       "The original paper describing the Cray-1. This paper
                 is reproduced in Kuhn and Padua's (1981, IEEE) survey
                 ``Tutorial on Parallel Processing.'' Also reproduced in
                 ``Computer Structures: Principles and Examples'' by
                 Daniel P. Siewiorek, C. Gordon Bell, and Allen Newell,
                 McGraw-Hill, 1982, pp. 743-752. Reproduced in Dharma P.
                 Agrawal's (ed.) ``Advanced Computer Architecture,''
                 IEEE, 1986, pp. 15--24. Literature search yields:
                 00712248 E. I. Monthly No: EI7804023850 E. I. Yearly
                 No: EI78014612 Title: Cray-1 Computer System. Author:
                 Russell, Richard M. Corporate Source: Cray Res Inc,
                 Minneapolis, Minn Source: Communications of the ACM v
                 21 n 1 Jan 1978 p 63--72 Publication Year: 1978 CODEN:
                 CACMA2 ISSN: 0001-0782 Language: ENGLISH Journal
                 Announcement: 7804 Abstract: The CRAY-1 is described,
                 the evolution of its architecture is discussed, and an
                 account is given of some of the problems that were
                 overcome during its manufacture. The CRAY-1 is the only
                 computer to have been built to date that satisfies
                 ERDA's Class VI requirement (a computer capable of
                 processing from 20 to 60 million floating point
                 operations per second). The CRAY-1's Fortran compiler
                 (CFT) is designed to give the scientific user immediate
                 access to the benefits of the CRAY-1's vector
                 processing architecture. An optimizing compiler, CFT,
                 ``vectorizes'' innermost DO loops. Compatible with the
                 ANSI 1966 Fortran Standard and with many commonly
                 supported Fortran extensions, CFT does not require any
                 source program modifications or the use of additional
                 nonstandard Fortran statements to achieve
                 vectorization. 6 refs. Descriptors: *COMPUTER
                 ARCHITECTURE; COMPUTER SYSTEMS, DIGITAL Classification
                 Codes: 722 (Computer Hardware); 723 (Computer Software)
                 72 (COMPUTERS \& DATA PROCESSING)",
}

@Book{Schmid:1978:EDS,
  author =       "Hermann Schmid",
  title =        "{Elektronische Dezimalrechner, Schaltungen und
                 Verfahren} \toenglish {Electronic Decimal Computers,
                 Wiring and Methods} \endtoenglish",
  publisher =    pub-OLDENBOURG,
  address =      pub-OLDENBOURG:adr,
  pages =        "275",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "3-486-20211-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-486-20211-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Schreiber:1978:TMF,
  author =       "F. A. Schreiber and R. Stefanelli",
  title =        "Two Methods for Fast Binary-{BCD} Conversion",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "200--207",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 12 21:58:26 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Schreiber.pdf",
  abstract =     "Two methods for performing binary--BCD conversion of
                 positive integers are discussed. The principle which
                 underlies both methods in the repeated division by five
                 and then by two, obtained the first by means of
                 subtractions performed from left to right, the second
                 by shifting bits before next subtraction.\par

                 It is shown that these methods work in a time which is
                 linear with the length in bit of the number to be
                 converted.\par

                 A ROM solution is proposed and its complexity is
                 compared with that of other methods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Article{Shen:1978:CSA,
  author =       "D. T. Shen and A. Weinberger",
  title =        "4-2 carry-save adder implementation using send
                 circuits",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 24 10:18:16 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Slekys:1978:MBI,
  author =       "Arunas G. Slekys and Algirdas Avi{\v{z}}ienis",
  title =        "A Modified Bi-Imaginary Number Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "48--55",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Slekys.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper the properties of $p$-imaginary number
                 systems are reviewed and a modified bi-imaginary number
                 system is introduced as a special case with $p = 2$.
                 Major properties, including conversion of integer and
                 floating point operands represented in a radix $+p$
                 system, range, sign and zero tests, and shifting are
                 discussed. The ability to represent the operands as
                 vectors of radix-2 digits suggests advantages in
                 implementing machine-usable arithmetic algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Article{Sripad:1978:QEF,
  author =       "A. Sripad and D. Snyder",
  title =        "Quantization errors in floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "456--463",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "In this paper, the quantization of the mantissa in a
                 normalized floating-point number is investigated. A
                 necessary and sufficient condition is given for the
                 mantissa to have a reciprocal probability density. A
                 model to represent a floating-point quantity \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Svoboda:1978:ACF,
  author =       "Antonin Svoboda",
  title =        "Arithmetic Circuit Fault Detection by Modular
                 Encoding",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "208--219",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Svoboda.pdf",
  abstract =     "Design principles of self checking digital circuits
                 are in the focus of the general interest and many
                 papers exist treating that subject. The use of special
                 data encoding techniques, suitable algorithms of
                 arithmetic, special hardware elements have been
                 proposed long ago. The purpose of this paper is to show
                 that the design can produce rather simple self checking
                 circuit when the design principles are chosen which
                 collaborate harmoniously:\par

                 (1) decimal numerical system is used\par

                 (2) decimal digit $d \in \{0, 1, \ldots{}, 9\}$ is
                 represented in the Diamond Code by the 5-bit binary
                 number $f = 3d + 2$\par

                 (3) decimal digit' addition algorithm introduced here
                 is simple and effective so that 10 decimal digits can
                 be added in parallel\par

                 (4) implementation of the addition algorithm by
                 conventional Full Adders results in a single fault
                 detecting circuit.\par

                 The design of a decimal adder for 10 decimal numbers,
                 each with 10 digits. is described here as an
                 illustration. It shows the way how to design other
                 decimal arithmetic circuits which are single fault
                 detecting, for instance a multiplier (derived from the
                 adder for 10 decimal numbers).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4; decimal arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Swartzlander:1978:MAS,
  author =       "E. E. {Swartzlander, Jr.}",
  title =        "Merged Arithmetic for Signal Processing",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "239--244",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Swartzlander.pdf",
  abstract =     "The concept of merged arithmetic is introduced and
                 applied to signal processing. The basic idea involves
                 synthesizing a composite arithmetic function (e.g., a
                 complex multiply) directly instead of decomposing it
                 into multiply and add operations as is conventional
                 practice. This approach results in a simpler design
                 which is also faster.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Tan:1978:TIH,
  author =       "Kwang G. Tan",
  title =        "The theory and implementation of high-radix division",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "154--163",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Tan.pdf",
  abstract =     "This report derives the theory of high-radix division
                 in terms of the properties of the overlapped regions of
                 the P-D plot. The minimum precision requirements in
                 quotient selection are discussed. The methods of
                 implementations in hardware and in read-only memory are
                 explored.",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Article{Trivedi:1978:CUC,
  author =       "K. S. Trivedi",
  title =        "Corrections to {``On the Use of Continued Fractions
                 for Digital Computer Arithmetic''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "288--288",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1978.1675093",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 08:13:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Trivedi:1977:UCF}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675093",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Trivedi:1978:HRL,
  author =       "Kishor S. Trivedi and Joseph G. Rusnak",
  title =        "Higher Radix On-Line Division",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "164--174",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Trivedi.pdf",
  abstract =     "We present a formal proof of correctness of the
                 on-line division algorithm specified in an earlier
                 paper [1]. We also derive two radix 4 on-line division
                 algorithms, with non-redundant and redundant operands
                 respectively.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Tseng:1978:EAF,
  author =       "B. Tseng and W. Miller and G. Jullien and J. Soltis
                 and A. Baraniecka",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '78",
  title =        "An error analysis of a {FFT} implementation using the
                 residue number system",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "800--803",
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19780088",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "This paper considers an implementation of the FFT
                 based upon the residue number system. This system
                 offers the advantages of using integer based arithmetic
                 operations and a simple hardware realization involving
                 table look-up arrays. The proposed \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Wang:1978:EPF,
  author =       "J. Y. Wang",
  title =        "The Evaluation of Periodic Functions with Large Input
                 Arguments",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--9",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Waser:1978:HMM,
  author =       "Shlomo Waser",
  title =        "High-speed monolithic multipliers for real-time
                 digital signal processing",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "19--29",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "An analysis is made of arithmetic requirements for
                 signal processing and monolithic multipliers are
                 characterized. It is shown that real-time digital
                 signal processing requires very fast multiplication,
                 which is now becoming possible using mathematical
                 techniques to take advantage of single-chip
                 multipliers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "713; 721; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "signal processing",
}

@Article{Waser:1978:SAH,
  author =       "S. Waser",
  title =        "State of the Art in High-Spped Arithmetic {ICs}",
  journal =      j-COMP-DESIGN,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMPDAM",
  ISSN =         "0010-4566",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:34:34 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Waser:1978:SAI,
  author =       "Shlomo Waser",
  title =        "Survey of Arithmetic Integrated Circuits",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "257--266",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Waser.pdf",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this report is to provide the
                 state-of-the-art of high performance arithmetic
                 integrated circuits (ICs). The survey concentrates on
                 arithmetic ICs that are designed to improve execution
                 speed over software techniques, therefore, no
                 calculator chips are surveyed.\par

                 In order to understand the difficulties encountered in
                 fabricating high speed arithmetic ICs, we start the
                 article with a discussion on semiconductor technology.
                 Next, we survey the various arithmetic elements that
                 are available in monolithic form: ALUs, Data Slices,
                 Multipliers, Floating Point Processors, and ROMs.
                 Finally, we conclude with a comment on digital signal
                 processing and a discussion of the future trends in
                 arithmetic ICs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@InProceedings{Weinberger:1978:PAU,
  author =       "Arnold Weinberger",
  title =        "Parallel Adders Using Standard {PLA}s",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "116--124",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 10:49:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Weinberger.pdf",
  abstract =     "PLA adders are described that add in one cycle and
                 require a reasonable number of product terms for an 8,
                 16, or even a 32-bit adder. A procedure is also
                 described for minimizing the number of product terms
                 for any size adder.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "adder; ARITH-4; carry-look-ahead; input decoders;
                 output exclusive-ors; product term minimization;
                 Programmable Logic Array (PLA)",
}

@Article{Wittmayer:1978:APP,
  author =       "W. R. Wittmayer",
  title =        "Array Processor Provides High Throughput Rate",
  journal =      j-COMP-DESIGN,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "93--100",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMPDAM",
  ISSN =         "0010-4566",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:45:09 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wozniakowski:1978:REA,
  author =       "H. Wo{\'z}niakowski",
  title =        "Round-off error analysis of iterations for large
                 linear systems",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "301--314",
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B0290B (Error analysis in numerical methods); C4110
                 (Error analysis in numerical methods)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Carnegie-Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  keywords =     "equations; error analysis; floating point arithmetic;
                 Gauss Seidel iteration; iteration round off error
                 analysis; iterative methods; residual vector; sparse
                 linear systems",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Wrathall:1978:CGI,
  author =       "Celia Wrathall and Tien Chi Chen",
  title =        "Convergence Guarantee and Improvements for a fast
                 Hardware Exponential and Logarithm Evaluation Scheme",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1978:PSC",
  pages =        "175--182",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 11:46:12 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith4/papers/ARITH4_Wrathall.pdf",
  abstract =     "In one iteration, Chen's algorithm for evaluating
                 exponentials and logarithms advances by 2 bits on the
                 average, yet may not advance at all. Analysis reveals
                 that the no-advance situation actually paves the way
                 for sizable advance in the next iteration, and the
                 guaranteed advance, after a one iteration overhead, is
                 one bit per iteration.\par

                 Two new schemes raise the guaranteed advance to 1.5
                 bits per iteration, after a two-iteration overhead,
                 while maintaining the original requirement of one
                 stored constant per operand bit.\par

                 Adopting as a figure of merit the following
                 quantity\par

                 $$Q = \textrm{advance per iteration} \over
                 \textrm{memory words per operand hit}$$\par

                 for the steady-state iterations, the new schemes
                 appears to be better than other methods heretofore
                 proposed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ARITH-4",
}

@Article{Abu-El-Haija:1979:AER,
  author =       "A. Abu-El-Haija and A. Peterson",
  title =        "An approach to eliminate roundoff errors in digital
                 filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "195--198",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "``Second-order quantizers'' are introduced which can
                 be used for implementing recursive digital filters with
                 practically no roundoff errors or limit-cycle
                 oscillations. Based on the idea of changing the
                 transfer function used to compute roundoff \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Aggarwal:1979:REM,
  author =       "Vijay B. Aggarwal and James W. Burgmeier",
  title =        "A round-off error model with applications to
                 arithmetic expressions",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-COMPUT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--72",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SMJCAT",
  ISSN =         "0097-5397 (print), 1095-7111 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-5397",
  MRclass =      "68C01 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "81b:68031",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 29 10:58:59 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/sam-bin/dbq/toclist/SICOMP/8/1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Agrawal:1979:HSA,
  author =       "D. P. Agrawal",
  title =        "High-Speed Arithmetic Arrays",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "215--224",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675322",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 06:49:36 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675322",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Alt:1979:SRD,
  author =       "H. Alt",
  title =        "Square Rooting Is as Difficult as Multiplication",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "221--232",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "68C25",
  MRnumber =     "82m:68081",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:54 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date); MathSciNet
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Math. \& Information, Univ. of Saarlandes,
                 Saarbrucken, West Germany",
  classification = "723; C5230",
  description =  "digital arithmetic",
  journalabr =   "Computing (Vienna/New York)",
  keywords =     "algorithm; computer programming; square rooting",
}

@Article{Atkins:1979:FSC,
  author =       "D. E. Atkins",
  title =        "{Fourth Symposium on Computer Arithmetic}: crunching
                 with quality and {LSI}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "94--97",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Computer arithmetic problems --- faster computation
                 rates and more efficient representations of real
                 numbers --- are considered in the paper. Floating-point
                 arithmetic standardization, novel implementation of
                 basic arithmetic operators, evaluation of elementary
                 functions --- these are the main considerations of the
                 conference review.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic; computer systems, digital; data
                 processing --- data description; mathematical
                 techniques --- digital arithmetic",
}

@MastersThesis{Barlow:1979:PEA,
  author =       "Jesse Louis Barlow",
  title =        "Probabilistic error analysis of computer arithmetics",
  type =         "{M.S. (Computer Science)}",
  school =       "Northwestern University",
  address =      "Evanston, IL, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.; Numbers, Real.; Numerical
                 calculations --- Computer programs.",
}

@MastersThesis{Biddulph:1979:MFC,
  author =       "Thomas P. Biddulph",
  title =        "A modified {FORTRAN\slash} 77 compiler that will
                 implement the proposed {IEEE\slash} {KCS} floating
                 point standard via calls to emulation routines",
  type =         "{Master of Science, Plan II}",
  school =       "Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Sciences",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Brent:1979:RLP,
  author =       "R. P. Brent and H. T. Kung",
  title =        "A regular layout for parallel adders",
  institution =  "Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon
                 University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  pages =        "20",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 09:31:44 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://books.google.com/books?id=mutgGwAACAAJ",
  abstract =     "With VLSI architecture the chip area is a better
                 measure of cost than the conventional gate count. We
                 show that addition of n-bit binary numbers can be
                 performed on a chip in time proportional to $\log n$
                 and with area proportional to $n \log n$.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brent:1979:RMF,
  author =       "R. P. Brent",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm} 524: {MP}, {A Fortran}
                 Multiple-Precision Arithmetic Package [{A1}]''",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "518--519",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355853.355868",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 05 22:49:18 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Brent:1978:AMF,Brent:1980:AIB}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Brown:1979:EPB,
  author =       "W. S. Brown and S. I. Feldman",
  title =        "Environment parameters and basic functions for
                 floating-point computation",
  crossref =     "ACM:1979:PSC",
  pages =        "42--45",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 17:31:00 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bustoz:1979:ITD,
  author =       "Joaqu\'in Bustoz and Alan Feldstein and Richard
                 Goodman and Seppo Linnainmaa",
  title =        "Improved Trailing Digits Estimates Applied to Optimal
                 Computer Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "716--730",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 26 23:35:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "New results are given on the distribution of trailing
                 digits for logarithmically distributed numbers and on
                 error in floating-point multiplication. Some of the
                 results have application to computer design. In
                 particular, there are certain values of the base
                 (indeed, $\beta = 2, 4, 6$, and sometimes, $8$, but
                 {\em not} $16$) which, when carefully balanced with
                 other design parameters, minimize the mena
                 multiplicative error. For these special minimizing
                 situations, it suffices to have only one guard
                 $\beta$it provided that postnormalization occurs after
                 symmetric rounding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic; floating-point multiplication;
                 floating-point numbers; floating-point precision and
                 significance; fraction error; guard digits;
                 logarithmically distributed numbers; mean and standard
                 deviation of error; nonleading digits; normalization
                 options; roundoff error; trailing digits; uniformly
                 distributed numbers",
}

@Article{Chen:1979:PMB,
  author =       "I-Ngo Chen and R. Willoner",
  title =        "An {$O(n)$} Parallel Multiplier with Bit-Sequential
                 Input and Output",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-28",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "721--727",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675239",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 06:49:41 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675239",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Cody:1979:IPI,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Impact of The Proposed {IEEE} Floating Point Standard
                 on Numerical Software",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3S (Special issue)",
  pages =        "29--30",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C4100 (Numerical analysis); C5230 (Digital arithmetic
                 methods); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Appl. Math. Div., Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL,
                 USA",
  keywords =     "digital arithmetic; floating point; IEEE; numerical
                 analysis; numerical software; standard; standards",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  xxnumber =     "si-2",
}

@Article{Coonen:1979:PSB,
  author =       "Jerome Coonen and William Kahan and John Palmer and
                 Tom Pittman and David Stevenson",
  title =        "A Proposed Standard for Binary Floating Point
                 Arithmetic: Draft 5.11",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3S (Special issue)",
  pages =        "4--12",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  keywords =     "arithmetic; binary; digital arithmetic; floating
                 point; IEEE Computer Society; Microprocessor; standard;
                 standards; Standards Subcommittee",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  xxnumber =     "si-2",
}

@TechReport{Coonen:1979:SPS,
  author =       "Jerome T. Coonen",
  title =        "Specifications for a Proposed Standard for
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  type =         "Memorandum",
  number =       "{UCB\slash ERL M78\slash 72}",
  institution =  "University of California, Berkeley",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 24 08:33:07 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Cybenko:1979:REP,
  author =       "G. Cybenko",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing: ICASSP '79",
  title =        "Round-off error propagation in {Durbin}'s,
                 {Levinson}'s, and {Trench}'s algorithms",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "498--501",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:04 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The subject matter of this paper concerns the
                 round-off error propagation in order $n^2$ algorithms
                 for solving problems involving Toeplitz matrices. Since
                 linear predictive techniques owe much of their appeal
                 to the computational efficiency \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Diaconis:1979:RP,
  author =       "Persi Diaconis and David Freedman",
  title =        "On Rounding Percentages",
  journal =      j-J-AM-STAT-ASSOC,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "366",
  pages =        "359--364",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "JSTNAL",
  ISSN =         "0162-1459 (print), 1537-274X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0162-1459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 23 11:24:59 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/benfords-law.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jamstatassoc.bib",
  note =         "The authors extend prior work on correctness of sums
                 of rounded percentages \cite{Mosteller:1967:DSR,}, and
                 criticize biased rounding practices in
                 \cite{Benford:1938:LAN}.",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2284288",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the American Statistical Association",
  keywords =     "Benford's Law",
  remark =       "When percentage-column entries are rounded, their sum
                 may differ from 100\%. The authors use a prior proof
                 \cite{Mosteller:1967:DSR} that for $n \gg 2$ rounded
                 values, the probability of a correct sum is $\sqrt{6 /
                 (\pi n)} \approx 1.382 / \sqrt{n}$. They show that
                 rounding may produce large changes in computed
                 chi-squared values, and they conclude their article
                 with this recommendation: ``it is important to
                 calculate with many-digit accuracy when computing
                 $\chi^2$ for large sample sizes.''",
}

@Article{Edgar:1979:FMN,
  author =       "Albert D. Edgar and Samuel C. Lee",
  title =        "{FOCUS} Microcomputer Number System",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "166--177",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:37:26 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm22.html#EdgarL79;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "FOCUS is a number system and supporting computational
                 algorithms especially useful for microcomputer control
                 and other signal processing applications. FOCUS has the
                 wide-ranging character of floating-point numbers with a
                 uniformity of state distributions that give FOCUS
                 better than a twofold accuracy advantage over an equal
                 word length floating-point system. FOCUS computations
                 are typically five times faster than single precision
                 fixed-point or integer arithmetic for a mixture of
                 operations, comparable in speed with hardware
                 arithmetic for many applications. Algorithms for 8-bit
                 and 16-bit implementations of FOCUS are included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C5250
                 (Microcomputer techniques)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "algorithms; arithmetic; computational; computers,
                 microprocessor; digital arithmetic; floating point
                 numbers; FOCUS; microcomputer; microcomputer control;
                 microcomputers; number system; signal processing",
  oldlabel =     "EdgarL79",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/EdgarL79",
}

@InProceedings{Eggers:1979:HFP,
  author =       "Thomas W. Eggers and Judson S. Leonard and Mary H.
                 Payne",
  title =        "Handling of floating point exceptions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1979:PSC",
  pages =        "100--108",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 17:31:00 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Feldman:1979:IPS,
  author =       "Stuart I. Feldman",
  title =        "The Impact of the Proposed Standard for Floating Point
                 Arithmetic on Languages and Systems",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3S (Special issue)",
  pages =        "31--32",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  corpsource =   "Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  keywords =     "arithmetic; digital arithmetic; floating point;
                 languages; programming languages; proposed; standard;
                 standards; systems",
  xxnumber =     "si-2",
}

@MastersThesis{Fogler:1979:BFP,
  author =       "Robert Joseph Fogler",
  title =        "On a block floating point implementation of an
                 intrusion-detection algorithm",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Kansas State University",
  address =      "Manhattan, KS, USA",
  pages =        "71",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic alarm systems.; Signal processing.",
}

@Article{Fox:1979:RFP,
  author =       "Phyllis Fox",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm} 528: Framework for a Portable
                 Library [{Z}]''",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "524--524",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355853.355871",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 30 00:28:06 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Fox:1978:AFP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fraley:1979:PED,
  author =       "Bob Fraley and Steve Walther",
  title =        "Proposal to Eliminate Denormalized Numbers",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3S (Special issue)",
  pages =        "22--23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Hewlett--Packard Labs., Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  keywords =     "denormalized numbers; digital arithmetic; expense;
                 floating point",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  xxnumber =     "si-2",
}

@TechReport{Ginsberg:1979:MFE,
  author =       "Myron Ginsberg",
  title =        "Monitoring floating-point error propagation in
                 scientific computation",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CSE 7910",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern
                 Methodist University",
  address =      "Dallas, TX, USA",
  pages =        "32",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.",
}

@Article{Gregory:1979:EFC,
  author =       "Robert Todd Gregory",
  title =        "Error-free computation with finite number systems",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--16",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA",
  keywords =     "automatic digital computer; computer-representable
                 numbers; error free computation; finite; finite number
                 systems; floating point numbers; machine; numerical
                 methods; real numbers",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@PhdThesis{Gruener:1979:ARD,
  author =       "K. Gr{\"u}ner",
  title =        "{Allgemeine Rechnerarithmetik und deren
                 Implementierung mit optimaler Genauigkeit} \toenglish
                 {General Computer Arithmetic and its Implementation
                 with Optimal Accuracy} \endtoenglish",
  type =         "Dissertation",
  school =       "Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Hardy:1979:ITN,
  author =       "G. H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy and E. M. (Edward
                 Maitland) Wright",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  edition =      "Fifth",
  pages =        "xvi + 426",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "0-19-853170-2, 0-19-853171-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-853170-8, 978-0-19-853171-5 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "A241 .H28 1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 30 06:49:15 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprinted in 1988 and 1998 with corrections.",
}

@InProceedings{Hastings:1979:SMM,
  author =       "C. Hastings",
  title =        "Shift Matrices: The Missing Teeth in the Number
                 Cruncher",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1979:WCR",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 18:59:11 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Paper number 18/3.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Heath:1979:RDF,
  author =       "J. Heath and H. {Nagle, Jr.} and S. Shiva",
  title =        "Realization of digital filters using input-scaled
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "469--477",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See note \cite{Heath:1986:NRD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Fixed-point and floating-point realizations of digital
                 filters are abundant in the literature of digital
                 signal processing. A block-floating-point realization
                 which has some advantages of both fixed-point and
                 floating-point has been reported and \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Hehner:1979:NRR,
  author =       "E. C. R. Hehner and R. N. S. Horspool",
  title =        "A new representation of the rational numbers for fast
                 easy arithmetic",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-COMPUT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "124--134",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SMJCAT",
  ISSN =         "0097-5397 (print), 1095-7111 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-5397",
  MRclass =      "68C05 (10A30 68A05)",
  MRnumber =     "80h:68027",
  MRreviewer =   "P. J. Weinberger",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 29 10:59:01 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/sam-bin/dbq/toclist/SICOMP/8/2;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See corrigendum \cite{Hehner:1980:CNR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Hull:1979:DFP,
  author =       "T. E. Hull",
  title =        "Desirable floating-point arithmetic and elementary
                 functions for numerical computation",
  crossref =     "ACM:1979:PSC",
  pages =        "96--99",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 08 11:06:31 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this talk is to summarize proposed
                 specifications for floating-polar arithmetic and
                 elementary functions. The topics considered are: the
                 base of the number system, precision control, number
                 representation, arithmetic operations, ocher basic
                 operations, elementary functions, and exception
                 handling. The possibility of doing without fixed-point
                 arithmetic is also mentioned. The specifications are
                 intended to be entirely at the level of a programming
                 language such as Fortran. The emphasis is on
                 convenience and simplicity from the user's point of
                 view. Conforming to such specifications would have
                 obvious beneficial implications for the portability of
                 numerical software, and for proving programs correct,
                 as well as attempting to provide facilities which are
                 most suitable for the user. The specifications are not
                 complete in every detail, but it is intended that they
                 be complete ``in spirit'' --- some further details,
                 especially syntactic details, would have to be
                 provided, but the proposals are otherwise relatively
                 complete.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Book{Hwang:1979:CAP,
  author =       "Kai Hwang",
  title =        "Computer Arithmetic: Principles, Architecture, and
                 Design",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 423",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "0-471-03496-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-03496-4",
  LCCN =         "TK7888.3 .H9",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:15:19 2002",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Hwang:1979:GMT,
  author =       "Kai Hwang",
  title =        "Global and Modular Two's Complement Cellular Array
                 Multipliers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-28",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "300--306",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675350",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 06:49:37 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675350",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{IEEE:1979:PIF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The Proposed {IEEE} floating-point standard",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  pages =        "32",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic --- Standards.",
}

@Manual{IntelCorporation:1979:FAL,
  author =       "Intel Corporation",
  title =        "8080\slash 8085 floating-point arithmetic library
                 user's manual",
  organization = "The Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Clara, CA, USA",
  pages =        "v + 20",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Assembly language (Computer program language).; Intel
                 8080 (Microprocessor) --- Programming.; INTEL 8085
                 (Computer) --- Programming.; PL/M-80 (Computer program
                 language).",
  remark =       "``Manual Order Number: 9800452-03''.",
}

@Article{Jenkins:1979:RAR,
  author =       "W. Jenkins",
  title =        "Recent advances in residue number techniques for
                 recursive digital filtering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--30",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19780088",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=26137",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A new algorithm for scaling in residue number systems
                 (RNS's) is presented for applying residue number theory
                 to recursive digital filtering. The algorithm provides
                 an efficient method for scaling the output of each
                 recursive filter section for use \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Johnson:1979:RAF,
  author =       "Donald B. Johnson and Webb Miller and Brian Minnihan
                 and Celia Wrathall",
  title =        "Reducibility Among Floating-Point Graphs",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "739--760",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "80i:65045",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 11:55:10 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The graph-theoretic models of this paper can be used
                 to compare the rounding-error behavior of numerical
                 programs. The models follow the approach, popularized
                 by Wilkinson, of assuming independent rounding errors
                 in each arithmetic operation. Models constructed on
                 this assumption are more tractable than would be the
                 case under more realistic assumptions. There are
                 identified two easily tested conditions on programs
                 which guarantee that error analyses are relatively
                 insensitive to the particular graph model employed. The
                 development has the additional benefit of sometimes
                 providing an elementary proof that one program is
                 comparable in stability to another. Examples of such
                 results are given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kahan:1979:PFP,
  author =       "W. Kahan and J. Palmer",
  title =        "On a Proposed Floating-Point Standard",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3S (Special issue)",
  pages =        "13--21",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/k/kahan-william-m.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/signum.bib",
  abstract =     "A standard for binary floating-point arithmetic is
                 being proposed and there is a very real possibility
                 that it will be adopted by many manufacturers and
                 implemented on a wide range of computers. This
                 development matters to all of us concerned with
                 numerical software. One of the principal motivations
                 for the standard is to distribute more evenly the
                 burden of portability between hardware and software. At
                 present, any program intended to be portable must be
                 designed for a mythical computer that enjoys no
                 capability not supported by every computer on which the
                 program will be run. That mythical computer is so much
                 grubbier than almost any real computer that a portable
                 program will frequently be denigrated as ``suboptimal''
                 and then supplanted by another program supposedly
                 ``optimal'' for the real computer in question but often
                 inferior in critical respects like reliability. A
                 standard --- almost any reasonable standard --- will
                 surely improve the situation. A standard environment
                 for numerical programs will promote fair comparisons
                 and sharing of numerical codes, thereby lowering costs
                 and prices. Furthermore, we have chosen repeatedly to
                 enrich that environment in order that applications
                 programs be simpler and more reliable. Thus will the
                 onus of portability be shared among hardware
                 manufacturers and software producers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  keywords =     "arithmetic; digital arithmetic; floating point;
                 proposal; standard; standards",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  xxnumber =     "si-2",
}

@PhdThesis{Kent:1979:TPS,
  author =       "Jan Kent",
  title =        "The theoretical and practical study of floating point
                 instructions: Consisting of Theoretical definition,
                 analysis and comparison of floating point instruction,
                 and procedures for the description and simulation of
                 floating point instructions",
  type =         "{Dr. Avhandling}",
  school =       "Universitetet i Oslo",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:05:31 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Bibsys library catalog gave both 1977 and 1979 as
                 year??",
}

@TechReport{Kolze:1979:BFP,
  author =       "Thomas Joseph Kolze",
  title =        "Block floating point {FFT} statistical noise analysis
                 program",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CSR-79-2",
  institution =  "Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of
                 Missouri--Rolla",
  address =      "Rolla, MO, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 180",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Communications and signal processing research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Radio noise --- Computer programs.; Signals and
                 signaling --- Computer programs.",
}

@MastersThesis{Kolze:1979:SNA,
  author =       "Thomas Joseph Kolze",
  title =        "Statistical noise analysis of a block floating point
                 {FFT} and an example application",
  type =         "Electrical Engineering Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Missouri--Rolla",
  address =      "Rolla, MO, USA",
  pages =        "viii + 88",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kusterer:1979:SEP,
  author =       "Roland Kusterer and Manfred Reimer",
  title =        "Stable Evaluation of Polynomials in Time $\log n$",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "147",
  pages =        "1019--1031",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (68C25)",
  MRnumber =     "80d:65050",
  MRreviewer =   "C. W. Clenshaw",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation)",
  corpsource =   "Math. Inst., Univ. Dortmund, Dortmund, West Germany",
  keywords =     "algorithm; approximation theory; polynomials",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{McDonnell:1979:FR,
  author =       "Eugene McDonnell",
  title =        "Fuzzy residue",
  journal =      j-APL-QUOTE-QUAD,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "42--46",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "APLQD9",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/390009.804437",
  ISSN =         "0163-6006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 19:13:11 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Certain pairs of arguments to the residue function, as
                 implemented on many APL systems, give results which
                 make it seem as if the ordinary decimal relationships
                 we remember from grade school no longer hold. As far as
                 we can tell, it looks as if a given modulus should
                 divide the right argument, but the implementation tells
                 us it doesn't. A definition for a fuzzed residue
                 function is proposed which resolves the difficulties
                 users have complained of. However, certain points of
                 continuing difficulty remain, where the limitations of
                 machine arithmetic continue to defeat the attempt to
                 model the real number system. The representation
                 function is defined in terms of the residue function,
                 and so is affected by the change in residue. The nature
                 of this effect is also discussed in this paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Oberman:1979:DCB,
  author =       "R. M. M. (Roelof Maarten Marie) Oberman",
  title =        "Digital circuits for binary arithmetic",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 340",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "0-470-26373-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-26373-0",
  LCCN =         "TK7868.L6 O23 1979",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:33:15 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "A Halsted Press book.",
  subject =      "logic circuits; digital integrated circuits; switching
                 theory",
}

@Article{Payne:1979:DPB,
  author =       "Mary Payne and William Strecker",
  title =        "Draft Proposal for a Binary Normalized Floating Point
                 Standard",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3S (Special issue)",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:07 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Digital Equipment Corp., Maynard, MA, USA",
  keywords =     "binary; digital arithmetic; floating point;
                 normalized; proposal; standard; standards",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  xxnumber =     "si-2",
}

@TechReport{Randell:1979:ABO,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "An annotated bibliography on the origins of digital
                 computers",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "140",
  institution =  "Computing Laboratory, University of Newcastle upon
                 Tyne",
  address =      "Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  pages =        "146",
  year =         "1979",
  LCCN =         "Z5642.2 .R36 1979",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:24:25 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; History; Bibliography;
                 Calculators",
}

@InCollection{Rauch:1979:EAA,
  author =       "E. Rauch",
  title =        "{Einige Aspekte der Auswahl und Realisierung
                 numerischer Verfahren in anwendungsorientierten
                 Systemen} \toenglish {Several Aspects of the Choice and
                 Realisation of Numerical Procedures in
                 Application-Oriented Systems} \endtoenglish",
  crossref =     "Meinardus:1979:ATP",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Redinbo:1979:FFA,
  author =       "G. R. Redinbo",
  title =        "Finite Field Arithmetic on an Array Processor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-28",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "461--471",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675390",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 06:49:39 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675390",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Reid:1979:FMF,
  author =       "John Reid",
  title =        "Functions for Manipulating Floating-Point Numbers",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11--13",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:08 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. and Systems Div., AERE, Harwell, UK",
  keywords =     "complex numbers; digital arithmetic; floating;
                 FORTRAN; point arithmetic; portability; precision",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Reinsch:1979:PPC,
  author =       "Christian H. Reinsch",
  title =        "Principles and Preferences for Computer Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12--27",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Leibniz-Rechenzentrum, Munich, West Germany",
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic; digital arithmetic",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Rink:1979:CEF,
  author =       "R. Rink and H. Chong",
  title =        "Covariance equation for a floating-point regulator
                 system",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "980--982",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Derived are linear equations that can be solved for
                 the steady-state covariance matrix of the plant and
                 observer states of a closed-loop regulator system which
                 employs finite wordlength A/D conversion and
                 floating-point computation in the observer/ \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Rink:1979:PSR,
  author =       "R. Rink and Hoi Chong",
  title =        "Performance of state regulator systems with
                 floating-point computation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "411--421",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Rink:1980:CPS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The performance of a digital state regulator system
                 having an A/D converter of finite wordlength and a
                 floating-point estimator/ controller computer of finite
                 mantissa-length is analyzed. An upper bound on the
                 mean-square state error, as a function \ldots{}",
}

@MastersThesis{Scharf:1979:HRW,
  author =       "Stuart Lee Scharf",
  title =        "A hardware realization of the {Winograd Fourier}
                 Transform Algorithm",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Electrical and Engineering and Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "109",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by James H. McClellan.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algorithms.; Computer engineering.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.; Fourier transformations --- Computer
                 programs.",
}

@InProceedings{Shapiro:1979:ELM,
  author =       "G. Shapiro",
  title =        "Exploit {LSI} Memory Components Today, Instead of
                 Waiting for Arithmetic Devices",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1979:WCR",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:15:35 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Paper 18/5.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Shauman:1979:OMA,
  author =       "Aleksandr Mikhailovich Shauman",
  title =        "Osnovy mashinnoi arifmetiki \toenglish {Principles of
                 Machine Arithmetic} \endtoenglish",
  publisher =    "Izd-vo LGU (Leningrad State University Publishers)",
  address =      "Leningrad, USSR",
  pages =        "311",
  year =         "1979",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .S516",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic and logic units.; Electronic
                 digital computers --- Programming.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.",
  remark =       "At head of title: Leningradskii Gosudarstvennyi
                 universitet imeni A. A. Zhdanova. Bibliography: p.
                 306-[309]",
}

@Article{Sheue:1979:TCM,
  author =       "A. E. Sheue",
  title =        "Two's-Complement Multiplication",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--23",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Tseng:1979:IFS,
  author =       "Ben-Dau Tseng and G. A. Jullien and W. C. Miller",
  title =        "Implementation of {FFT} Structures Using the Residue
                 Number System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-28",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "831--845",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675263",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 06:49:41 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675263;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35176",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "This paper considers the implementation of a fast
                 Fourier transform (FFT) structure using arrays of
                 read-only memories. The arithmetic operations are based
                 entirely on the residue number system. The most
                 important aspect of the structure relates to \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Ukkonen:1979:AER,
  author =       "Esko Ukkonen",
  title =        "An analysis of the effect of rounding errors on the
                 flow of control in numerical processes",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "116--133",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01931229",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "81a:65048",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:16 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=19&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=19&issue=1&spage=116",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@InProceedings{vanHulzen:1979:NMS,
  author =       "J. A. {van Hulzen}",
  title =        "A note on methods for solving systems of polynomial
                 equations with floating point coefficients",
  crossref =     "Ng:1979:SAC",
  pages =        "346--357",
  year =         "1979",
  MRclass =      "65H10",
  MRnumber =     "81h:65049",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  reviewer =     "Frederick N. Fritsch",
}

@Article{Wichmann:1979:PCG,
  author =       "B. A. Wichmann and J. {Du Croz}",
  title =        "A program to calculate the {GAMM} measure",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "317--322",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Computing Services Unit, Nat. Phys. Lab., Teddington,
                 UK",
  keywords =     "analysis; complete computer programs; computer
                 performance; computer programs; computer selection and;
                 confidence check; error; evaluation; floating point
                 calculation; FORTRAN program; GAMM measure; performance
                 evaluation",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@MastersThesis{Wilbanks:1979:MFI,
  author =       "Thomas D. Wilbanks",
  title =        "Microcoding floating-point instructions for a
                 bit-slice processor",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of South Carolina",
  address =      "Columbia, SC, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 131",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bit slice microprocessors.; Microprocessors ---
                 Programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Winnigstad:1979:ULC,
  author =       "C. N. Winnigstad",
  title =        "Using {LSI} to Crunch Numbers at High Speed: An
                 Overview",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1979:WCR",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:43:13 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Agrawal:1980:NBA,
  author =       "D. P. Agrawal",
  title =        "On Negabinary-Binary Arithmetic Relationships and
                 Their Hardware Reciprocity",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1032--1035",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675502",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 19:15:30 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675502",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Albrecht:1980:RAO,
  author =       "R. Albrecht",
  title =        "Roundings and Approximations in Ordered Sets",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "17--31",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 08:17:48 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic; rounding error",
}

@Article{Ambikairajah:1980:TPM,
  author =       "E. Ambikairajah and M. J. Carey",
  title =        "Technique for Performing Multiplication on a 16-bit
                 Microprocessor Using an Extension of {Booth}'s
                 Algorithm",
  journal =      j-ELECT-LETTERS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--54",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ELLEAK",
  ISSN =         "0013-5194",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Baraniecka:1980:RNS,
  author =       "A. Baraniecka and G. Jullien",
  title =        "Residue number system implementations of number
                 theoretic transforms in complex residue rings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "285--291",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675263",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=26146",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "This paper discusses the implementation of number
                 theoretic transforms defined in complex residue rings.
                 A selection of transform parameters for lookup table
                 and microprocessor realizations are discussed. When the
                 length of the convolution is \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Bareiss:1980:RED,
  author =       "E. H. Bareiss and J. L. Barlow",
  title =        "Roundoff error distribution in fixed point
                 multiplication",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "247--250",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01933198",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "81j:65066",
  MRreviewer =   "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:16 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=20&issue=2;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=20&issue=2&spage=247",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Barsi:1980:ECC,
  author =       "Ferruccio Barsi and Piero Maestrini",
  title =        "Error codes constructed in residue number systems with
                 non-pairwise-prime moduli",
  journal =      "Information and Control",
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--25",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1980",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(80)90471-4",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 18 09:54:38 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00199958",
  abstract =     "Codes constructed in a Residue Number System (RNS) of
                 moduli $m_1, m_2, \ldots{}, m_n$ are non-binary,
                 arithmetic codes whose codewords are vectors where the
                 $i$th component is $m_i$-valued $(1 \leq i \leq n)$. A
                 new class of codes in RNS is described, where
                 redundancy is introduced by removing the constraint
                 that the moduli of the RNS be pairwise prime. The
                 error-detecting and correcting capabilities of such
                 codes are discussed and a simple approach to error
                 detection, localization and correction is presented.
                 Although the codes under consideration are quite
                 inefficient in some respects, it is shown that codes is
                 examined in more detail. Codes in this subclass,
                 besides correcting all single errors, also correct
                 almost all of double errors and localize some errors of
                 higher multiplicity, with less redundancy than required
                 to construct optimal 2-correcting codes in RNS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brent:1980:AIB,
  author =       "Richard P. Brent and Judith A. Hooper and J. Michael
                 Yohe",
  title =        "An {AUGMENT} Interface for {Brent}'s Multiple
                 Precision Arithmetic Package",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "146--149",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355887.355889",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 05 22:49:19 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Brent:1978:AMF,Brent:1979:RMF}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "arithmetic, multiple precision, extended precision,
                 floating point, portable software, software package,
                 precompiler interface, AUGMENT interface",
}

@InProceedings{Brent:1980:UAE,
  author =       "R. P. Brent",
  title =        "Unrestricted Algorithms for Elementary and Special
                 Functions",
  crossref =     "Lavington:1980:IPP",
  pages =        "613--619",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 11:55:31 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Brown:1980:EPB,
  author =       "W. S. Brown and S. I. Feldman",
  title =        "Environment Parameters and Basic Functions for
                 Floating-Point Computation",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "510--523",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355921.355924",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:05 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "environment parameters, floating-point arithmetic,
                 software portability",
}

@TechReport{Brown:1980:SRM,
  author =       "W. S. Brown",
  title =        "A Simple But Realistic Model of Floating-Point
                 Computation",
  type =         "Computer Science Technical Report",
  number =       "83",
  institution =  "Bell Laboratories",
  address =      "Murray Hill, NJ, 07974, USA",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 06:30:12 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Revised November 1980.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See \cite[pp. 1.9--1.10]{Coonen:1984:CPS} for negative
                 comments about the model in this report.",
}

@Article{Burmeister:1980:OIE,
  author =       "W. Burmeister",
  title =        "Optimal interval enclosing of certain sets of
                 matrices, with application to monotone enclosing of
                 square roots",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "283--295",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "65F30 (15A57)",
  MRnumber =     "82e:65044",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:54 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date); MathSciNet
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sektion Math., Tech. Univ. Dresden, Dresden, East
                 Germany",
  classification = "C4140",
  description =  "matrix algebra",
  keywords =     "cone; elementwise inclusion; interval enclosing;
                 matrix interval; optimal bounds; partial ordering",
}

@Article{Chang:1980:CAE,
  author =       "T. Chang",
  title =        "Comments on ``An approach to eliminate roundoff errors
                 in digital filters''",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "244--244",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Cheng:1980:ASC,
  author =       "S. Cheng and K. Rallapalli",
  title =        "Am9512: Single Chip Floating-Point Processor",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "14/4/1--6",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  remark =       "The Am 9512 floating-point processor is claimed on at
                 least one Web page to be compatible with the Intel
                 8232, and that page claims the 8232 has IEEE
                 floating-point, while the earlier 8231 and 8231A were
                 some other format (see \cite{Intel:19xx:IAP} for a
                 brief description of the 8231A 32-bit floating-point
                 encoding).",
}

@PhdThesis{Chow:1980:VPP,
  author =       "Catherine Yuk-Fun Chow",
  title =        "A variable precision processor module",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "Dept. of Computer Science, University of Illinois at
                 Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 183",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1980",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .I4 no. 1032",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "UIUCDCS-R 80-1032",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Parallel processing
                 (Electronic computers)",
}

@Book{Cody:1980:SME,
  author =       "W. J. Cody and W. Waite",
  title =        "Software Manual for the Elementary Functions",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "x + 269",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-13-822064-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-822064-8",
  LCCN =         "QA331 .C635 1980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:12:51 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Coonen:1980:IGP,
  author =       "Jerome T. Coonen",
  title =        "An Implementation Guide to a Proposed Standard for
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "68--79",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 09:17:48 1999",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See errata in \cite{Coonen:1981:EIG}. See
                 \cite{IEEE:1985:AIS,IEEE:1985:ASI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Dao:1980:CNA,
  author =       "T. T. Dao and M. Davio and C. Gossart",
  title =        "Complex Number Arithmetic with Odd-Valued Logic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "604--611",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675631",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 19:15:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675631",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{DeVaal:1980:SZI,
  author =       "C. {De Vaal} and R. Nouta",
  title =        "On the suppression of zero-input parasitic
                 oscillations in floating point wave digital filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "144--145",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Fettweis [1] has given a condition which guarantees,
                 if satisfied, the absence of zero-input parasitic
                 oscillations in wave digital filters. In this paper a
                 method is given which can be used to implement this
                 condition in the case of floating point \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Etzel:1980:RRN,
  author =       "M. Etzel and W. Jenkins",
  title =        "Redundant residue number systems for error detection
                 and correction in digital filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "538--545",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675263",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=26148",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "In spite of rapid advances during the last few years
                 in the design and realization of digital filters, very
                 little attention has been given to the problems of
                 error detection and correction in digital filters. This
                 paper describes how redundant \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Farrell:1980:PFP,
  author =       "L. Farrell",
  title =        "8232: {A} Peripheral for Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1980:PMA",
  pages =        "13--18",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 22:25:18 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Unpublished{Fraley:1980:PSB,
  author =       "R. A. Fraley and J. S. Walther",
  title =        "A Proposed Standard for Binary Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic, Alternative 3, Draft 1",
  day =          "4",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 25 10:19:54 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Cited in \cite{Payne:1980:VFPb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Fraley:1980:STO,
  author =       "R. A. Fraley and J. S. Walther",
  title =        "Safe Treatment of Overflow and Underflow Conditions",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "18/2/1--5",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 21:38:30 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Gajski:1980:PC,
  author =       "D. D. Gajski",
  title =        "Parallel Compressors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "393--398",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675589",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 10:56:18 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Ginsberg:1980:MFE,
  author =       "Myron Ginsberg",
  title =        "Monitoring floating-point error propagation in
                 scientific computation",
  journal =      j-COMP-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--43",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  MRclass =      "65G10 (65-04)",
  MRnumber =     "82a:65031",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Special Issue",
}

@Book{Gosling:1980:DAU,
  author =       "John B. Gosling",
  title =        "Design of Arithmetic Units for Digital Computers",
  publisher =    pub-MAC,
  address =      pub-MAC:adr,
  pages =        "x + 139",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-387-91171-5, 0-333-26397-9, 0-333-26398-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-91171-7, 978-0-333-26397-6,
                 978-0-333-26398-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6.G668, TK7888.3 .G64 1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 20:43:22 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Grappel:1980:IZP,
  author =       "R. Grappel and J. Hemenway",
  title =        "Increase {Z8000} power with floating-point routines",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "179--185",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:06 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Gregory:1980:ECW,
  author =       "Robert Todd Gregory",
  title =        "Error-free computation: why it is needed and methods
                 for doing it",
  publisher =    "R. E. Krieger",
  address =      "Huntington, NY, USA",
  edition =      "Original",
  pages =        "152",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-89874-240-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89874-240-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Approximation theory --- Data processing.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.",
}

@Book{Gregory:1980:EFC,
  author =       "Robert Todd Gregory",
  title =        "Error-Free Computation: Why it is Needed and Methods
                 for Doing it",
  publisher =    pub-R-E-KRIEGER,
  address =      pub-R-E-KRIEGER:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 152",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-89874-240-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89874-240-4",
  LCCN =         "QA297.5 .G73",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "MR586772 (83f:65061)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 03 10:09:50 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gruner:1980:IUC,
  author =       "K. Gr{\"u}ner",
  title =        "Implementation of Universal Computer Arithmetic with
                 Optimal Accuracy",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "181--193",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "65G99 (68A05)",
  MRnumber =     "83c:65118",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:54 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date); MathSciNet
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  classification = "C4240",
  description =  "computational complexity",
  journalabr =   "Computing (Vienna/New York)",
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic; computer programming; fast
                 algorithms; intervals; mapping properties; matrices;
                 numerical computations; universal computer arithmetic;
                 vectors; word length",
}

@TechReport{Hamacher:1980:DCV,
  author =       "V. Carl Hamacher",
  title =        "Design of a {CPU} for variable precision, decimal
                 arithmetic",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "ABC",
  institution =  "Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
                 Toronto",
  address =      "Toronto, ON, Canada",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 30 15:37:50 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal arithmetic",
}

@Article{Havender:1980:DBF,
  author =       "J. W. Havender",
  title =        "Decimal-to-binary floating point number conversion
                 mechanism",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "706--708",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Floating point numbers may be converted from decimal
                 to binary using a high speed natural logarithm and
                 exponential function calculation mechanism and a fixed
                 point divide/multiply unit.\par

                 The problem solved is to convert numbers expressed in a
                 radix 10 floating point form to numbers expressed in a
                 radix 2 floating point form.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Havender:1980:DBN,
  author =       "J. W. Havender",
  title =        "Decimal-to-binary Number Conversion",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1126--1127",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Haviland:1980:CAP,
  author =       "G. L. Haviland and A. A. Tuszynski",
  title =        "A {CORDIC} Arithmetic Processor Chip",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "68--79",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675529",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 00:47:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Head:1980:MM,
  author =       "A. K. Head",
  title =        "Multiplication modulo $n$",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "115--116",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01933594",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "68-04 (65G10)",
  MRnumber =     "81g:68001",
  MRreviewer =   "K. Kilberth",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:16 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=20&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=20&issue=1&spage=115",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hehner:1980:CNR,
  author =       "E. C. R. Hehner and R. N. S. Horspool",
  title =        "Corrigendum: {{``A new representation of the rational
                 numbers for fast easy arithmetic''} [SIAM J. Comput.
                 {\bf 8} (1979), no. 2, 124--134, MR 80h:68027]}",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "217--217",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SMJCAT",
  ISSN =         "0097-5397 (print), 1095-7111 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-5397",
  MRclass =      "68C05 (10A30)",
  MRnumber =     "81f:68044",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 29 10:59:12 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/sam-bin/dbq/toclist/SICOMP/9/1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hehner:1979:NRR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Henrich:1980:FPA,
  author =       "C. J. Henrich",
  title =        "Floating-point arithmetic: can it be trusted?",
  journal =      j-MINI-MICRO-SYSTEMS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "143--151",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "XWJXEH",
  ISSN =         "1000-1220",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 14 19:14:42 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@PhdThesis{Holm:1980:FAP,
  author =       "John Erick Holm",
  title =        "Floating-point arithmetic and program correctness
                 proofs",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "Cornell University",
  address =      "Ithaca, NY, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 133",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.",
}

@Article{Horna:1980:FAC,
  author =       "O. A. Horna",
  title =        "Fast algorithms for the computation of binary
                 logarithms",
  journal =      "COMSAT Technical Review",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "91--101",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:09 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Hough:1980:APS,
  author =       "D. Hough",
  title =        "Applications of a Proposed Standard for Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "18/3/1--6",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 21:39:26 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Hull:1980:PPI,
  author =       "Thomas E. Hull and Christian H. Reinsch and John R.
                 Rice",
  title =        "Principles, Preferences and Ideals for Computer
                 Arithmetic",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "TR-339",
  institution =  inst-CS-PURDUE,
  address =      inst-CS-PURDUE:adr,
  pages =        "13",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 30 13:46:29 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.purdue.edu/research/technical_reports/1980/TR%2080-339.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents principles and preferences for the
                 implementation of computer arithmetic and ideals for
                 the arithmetic facilities in future programming
                 languages. The implementation principles and
                 preferences are for the current approaches to the
                 design of arithmetic units. The ideals are for the long
                 term development of programming languages, with the
                 hope that arithmetic units will be built to support the
                 requirements of programming languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Jenkins:1980:CRN,
  author =       "W. K. Jenkins",
  title =        "Complex residue number arithmetic for high-speed
                 signal processing",
  journal =      j-ELECT-LETTERS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "660--661",
  day =          "14",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ELLEAK",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19800468",
  ISSN =         "0013-5194",
  MRclass =      "94A05",
  MRnumber =     "MR583226 (81h:94003)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4244229",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Electronics Letters",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Complex residue number arithmetic is developed for
                 high-speed processing of complex waveforms. An
                 important feature of complex residue arithmetic is that
                 complex multiplication can be implemented by a real
                 index calculus, thereby providing a highly \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Johannes:1980:DSE,
  author =       "J. D. Johannes and C. Dennis Pegden and F. E. Petry",
  title =        "Decimal Shifting for an Exact Floating Point
                 Representation",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-ELECTR-ENG,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "149--155",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CPEEBQ",
  ISSN =         "0045-7906",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:42:59 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Johnson:1980:DQS,
  author =       "E. L. Johnson",
  title =        "A Digital Quarter Square Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "258--261",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675558",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 19:15:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675558",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Jullien:1980:IMM,
  author =       "G. A. Jullien",
  title =        "Implementation of Multiplication, Modulo a Prime
                 Number, with Applications to Number Theoretic
                 Transforms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "899--905",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675473",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 19:15:29 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675473",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Unpublished{Kahan:1980:SPI,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "Software {$\sqrt{x}$} for the Proposed {IEEE}
                 Floating-Point Standard",
  institution =  inst-BERKELEY-CS,
  address =      inst-BERKELEY-CS:adr,
  day =          "25",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 25 18:24:02 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/k/kahan-william-m.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Manuscript",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kleinsteiber:1980:IHM,
  author =       "James R. Kleinsteiber",
  title =        "{IBM} 4341 hardware/microcode trade-off decisions",
  crossref =     "Johnson:1980:MPA",
  pages =        "190--192",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 18:22:42 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The design of IBM's 4341 Processor, as with other
                 processors, involved many cost/performance tradeoffs.
                 The designer is continually under pressure to increase
                 processor speed without increasing cost or to decrease
                 processor cost without decreasing performance. This
                 paper will examine some of the engineering decisions
                 that were made in the attempt to make the 4341 a
                 high-performing yet low cost processor. These decisions
                 include searching for, or developing, algorithms that
                 make the best use of hardware properties, such as data
                 path width, arithmetic/logical operations and special
                 functions. Functions were sought such that a small
                 amount of added hardware would go a long way towards
                 improving system performance. Hardware designers,
                 microcoders and performance analysis people worked
                 together to implement instructions, functions and
                 algorithms with the proper mixture of hardware
                 functions and microcode in order to build a viable
                 processor. Some specific functions will be covered to
                 examine a few of the decisions. The TEST UNDER MASK
                 performance problem will be discussed with its
                 resulting implementation decision. The method of using
                 EXCLUSIVE OR to clear storage and the resulting
                 algorithm design will be shown. Other topics to be
                 discussed include multiple hardware functions and the
                 resulting effect on floating point, fixed point and
                 decimal multiply; the divide function and its effect on
                 floating point and fixed point divide; and the effect
                 of an 8-byte data path for decimal arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Kulisch:1980:AOI,
  author =       "U. W. Kulisch and W. L. Miranker",
  title =        "Arithmetic Operations in Interval Spaces",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "51--67",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 08:17:48 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic",
}

@Article{Lemaire:1980:INR,
  author =       "C. A. Lemaire and J. C. Svercek",
  title =        "Improved Non-restoring Division",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1149--1151",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Levy:1980:CPA,
  author =       "Henry M. Levy and Richard H. {Eckhouse, Jr.}",
  title =        "Computer Programming and Architecture--the {VAX-11}",
  publisher =    pub-DP,
  address =      pub-DP:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 407",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-932376-07-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-932376-07-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8 .V37 L48 1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:38:14 1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Macke:1980:DMF,
  author =       "Edward T. Macke",
  title =        "Design of a modular floating point arithmetic unit",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Washington University, Dept. of Electrical
                 Engineering",
  address =      "St. Louis, MO, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 174",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Microprocessors --- Design
                 and construction.",
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1980:FFP,
  author =       "D. W. Matula",
  title =        "Foundations of Finite Precision Rational Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "85--111",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 08:17:48 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic; rational arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{McMinn:1980:IND,
  author =       "C. McMinn",
  title =        "The {Intel 8087}: {A} Numeric Data Processor",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "14/5/1--8",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 12 08:30:36 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Mead:1980:IVS,
  author =       "Carver Mead and Lynn Conway",
  title =        "Introduction to {VLSI} systems",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 396",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-201-04358-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-04358-7",
  LCCN =         "TK7874 .M371",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 16 16:25:00 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Meinardus:1980:OPN,
  author =       "G{\"u}nter Meinardus and G. D. Taylor",
  title =        "Optimal Partitioning of {Newton}'s Method for
                 Calculating Roots",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "152",
  pages =        "1221--1230",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65H05 (41A30)",
  MRnumber =     "81j:65069",
  MRreviewer =   "Derek W. Arthur",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation)",
  corpsource =   "Fachbereich Math., Univ. of Siegen, Siegen, West
                 Germany",
  keywords =     "cube root; domain interval; function approximation;
                 iterative methods; method; Newton; optimal
                 partitioning; reciprocal square root; square root;
                 subinterval",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1980:SIN,
  author =       "N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Summation of imprecise numbers",
  journal =      j-COMP-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "297--299",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0898-1221(80)90037-1",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  MRclass =      "65U05",
  MRnumber =     "MR604094 (82d:65092)",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "An algorithm is presented for computer summation of
                 imprecise numbers that may have quite disparate
                 magnitudes and variances. Each number is represented by
                 its expected value and variance. Exact numbers form a
                 subset and are treated in a consistent manner.
                 Cancellation effects are minimized.",
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Mathematics with Applications. An
                 International Journal",
  ZMnumber =     "0458.65029",
}

@Article{Moore:1980:MIA,
  author =       "R. E. Moore",
  title =        "Microprogrammed interval arithmetic",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--30",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:08 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Nave:1980:NDP,
  author =       "R. Nave and J. Palmer",
  title =        "A numeric data processor",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1980:IIS",
  pages =        "108--109",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 22:22:14 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Oberaigner:1980:AMG,
  author =       "W. Oberaigner",
  title =        "Algorithms for Multiplication with Given Precision",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "121--129",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 08:17:48 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Palmer:1980:IND,
  author =       "J. Palmer",
  title =        "The {Intel} 8087 Numeric Data Processor",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1980:CPA",
  pages =        "174--181",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 12 08:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Palmer:1980:LIN,
  author =       "J. Palmer",
  title =        "An {LSI} Implementation of a New System for
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "18/4/1--8",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Misc{Palmer:1980:UND,
  author =       "John F. Palmer and Bruce W. Ravenel and Rafi Nave",
  title =        "{US4338675}: Numeric data processor",
  howpublished = "U.S. Patent",
  day =          "13",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 09 10:23:07 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Published July 6, 1982. This patent was reissued on
                 July 2, 1991 as patent USRE33629.",
  abstract =     "A floating point, integrated, arithmetic circuit is
                 organized around a file format having a floating point
                 numeric domain exceeding that of any single or double
                 precision floating point numbers, long or short integer
                 words or BCD data upon which it must operate. As a
                 result the circuit has a greater reliability, range and
                 precision than ever previously achieved without
                 entailing additional circuit complexity. Reliability is
                 further enhanced by a systematic three bit rounding
                 field, and by including means for detecting every error
                 or exception condition with an optional expected
                 response provided thereto by hardware. As a result of
                 such organization, an unexpected increase of capacity
                 is achieved wherein transcendental functions can be
                 computed totally in hardware, and whereby mixed mode
                 arithmetic can be implemented without difficulty. The
                 numeric processor also includes a programmable shifter
                 capable of arbitrary numbers of bit and byte shifts in
                 a single clock cycle, as well as an arithmetic unit
                 capable of implementing multiplication, division,
                 modulo reduction and square roots directly in
                 hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Payne:1980:VFPa,
  author =       "M. Payne and D. Bhandarkar",
  title =        "{VAX} Floating Point: {A} Solid Foundation for
                 Numerical Computation",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "18/1/1--12",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 21:37:14 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Payne:1980:VFPb,
  author =       "Mary Payne and Dileep Bhandarkar",
  title =        "{VAX} floating point: a solid foundation for numerical
                 computation",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "22--33",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "http://doitest.acm.org/10.1145/641845.641849",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 24 12:02:21 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pedersen:1980:HBM,
  author =       "P. W. Pedersen",
  title =        "Hvordan beregner man kvadratroden? \toenglish {How do
                 you calculate the square root?} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      "Elektronik (Denmark)",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--21",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Purtilo:1980:IAP,
  author =       "Jim Purtilo",
  title =        "On implementing arbitrary precision arithmetic in
                 {NIL}: an exercise in data abstraction",
  journal =      j-SIGSAM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--18",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SIGSBZ",
  ISSN =         "0163-5824 (print), 1557-9492 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 5 08:31:56 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  issue =        "??",
}

@Article{Rallapalli:1980:CMF,
  author =       "K. Rallapalli and J. Kroeger",
  title =        "Chips make fast math a snap for microprocessors",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONICS,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "153--157",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1980",
  ISSN =         "0883-4989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 22:27:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Reid:1980:CDP,
  author =       "John Reid",
  title =        "Complex double precision in association with {Fortran
                 77}",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--17",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:08 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. and Systems Div., AERE Harwell, UK",
  keywords =     "compilers; complex double precision arithmetic;
                 digital arithmetic; FORTRAN; FORTRAN 77; portability",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Reid:1980:FMF,
  author =       "J. K. Reid",
  title =        "Functions for manipulating floating-point numbers",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "68--76",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. and Systems Div., AERE, Harwell, Didcot,
                 UK",
  keywords =     "complete computer programs; digital arithmetic;
                 floating point numbers; function manipulation;
                 portability; software portability",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Rink:1980:CPS,
  author =       "R. Rink",
  title =        "Correction to {``Performance of state regulator
                 systems with floating-point computation''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "612--612",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Rink:1979:PSR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Rump:1980:KFM,
  author =       "Siegfried M. Rump",
  title =        "{Kleine Fehlerschranken bei Matrixproblemen}.
                 ({German}) [Small error bounds for matrix problems]",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} Thesis",
  school =       "Institut f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik der
                 Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, Germany",
  pages =        "vi + 131 + 49",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 06 07:57:41 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate dot products; accurate floating-point
                 summation; long accumulator",
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Scherer:1980:SNR,
  author =       "R. Scherer and K. Zeller",
  title =        "Shorthand Notation for Rounding Errors",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "165--168",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 08:17:48 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic; rounding error",
}

@Manual{SOITA:1980:AIE,
  key =          "SOITA",
  title =        "{Applesoft II}: extended floating-point {BASIC}: quick
                 reference guide",
  organization = "Southwestern Ohio Instructional Television
                 Association",
  address =      "Oxford, OH, USA",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "1 pamphlet",
  series =       "SOITA \#2008",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Apple II (Computer) --- Programming; BASIC (Computer
                 program language)",
}

@Article{Stevenson:1980:RPI,
  author =       "David Stevenson",
  title =        "A report on the proposed {IEEE Floating Point Standard
                 (IEEE task p754)}",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "11--12",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 24 10:59:34 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Stone:1980:ICA,
  editor =       "Harold S. Stone and Tien Chi Chen and Michael J. Flynn
                 and Samuel H. Fuller and others",
  title =        "Introduction to computer architecture",
  publisher =    "Science Research Associates",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "673",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-574-21225-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-574-21225-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A73 I57 1980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 19:22:07 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  price =        "US\$16.95 (est.)",
  series =       "The SRA computer science series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer architecture",
}

@InProceedings{Stone:1980:TFP,
  author =       "H. S. Stone",
  title =        "Towards a Floating-Point Standard",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "18/0/1--5",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 21:33:52 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Stummel:1980:REA,
  author =       "F. Stummel",
  title =        "Rounding Error Analysis of Elementary Numerical
                 Algorithms",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "169--195",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 06:19:13 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic; rounding error",
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1980:AUH,
  author =       "E. E. {Swartzlander, Jr.} and B. K. Gilbert",
  title =        "Arithmetic for Ultra-High-Speed Tomography",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "341--353",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675584",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 19:15:25 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675584",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{Swartzlander:1980:CA,
  editor =       "Earl E. {Swartzlander, Jr.}",
  title =        "Computer Arithmetic",
  publisher =    pub-DOWDEN,
  address =      pub-DOWDEN:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 378",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-87933-350-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-87933-350-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .C633",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Benchmark papers in electrical engineering and
                 computer science; 21",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic.; Electronic digital computers ---
                 Programming.; Floating-point arithmetic.",
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1980:MA,
  author =       "E. E. {Swartzlander, Jr.}",
  title =        "Merged Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "946--950",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675482",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 19:31:28 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675482",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Thornton:1980:CP,
  author =       "James E. Thornton",
  title =        "The {CDC 6600} Project",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "338--348",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1980.10044",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:17 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1980/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1980/pdf/a4338.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1980/a4338abs.htm",
  abstract =     "This article is an account of the development of the
                 Control Data 6600 computer first developed in 1964. Of
                 historical interest is the design team approach adopted
                 by Control Data in which a small staff of engineers was
                 isolated from the main operations of the company. Some
                 review is made of the design process as well as the
                 unique features of the machine. The article also
                 includes some comments in retrospect about the results
                 of certain of the initial design objectives.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Ting:1980:MCU,
  author =       "I-chyng Ting",
  title =        "A microprocessor-based controller using floating-point
                 arithmetic",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Auburn University",
  address =      "Auburn, AL, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 167",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Microprocessors.",
}

@MastersThesis{Tucker:1980:IAD,
  author =       "Richard Wesley Tucker",
  title =        "Implementation of arithmetic for the data flow machine
                 processing unit",
  type =         "Thesis ({B.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Electrical and Engineering and Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "i + 58",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by Jack B. Dennis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Microprocessors ---
                 Programming.; Val (Computer program language).",
}

@InProceedings{Ulrich:1980:IMS,
  author =       "Ch. Ulrich",
  title =        "Iterative Methods in the Spaces of Rounded
                 Computations",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "197--209",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 08:17:48 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic; rounding error",
}

@InProceedings{Undheim:1980:CFP,
  author =       "T. Undheim",
  title =        "Combinatorial Floating Point Processor as an Integral
                 Part of the Computer",
  crossref =     "Electro:1980:ECR",
  pages =        "14/1/1--6",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Verma:1980:MPF,
  author =       "S. B. Verma and Maithili Sharan",
  title =        "Multiple Precision Floating-point Computation in
                 {FORTRAN}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "163--173",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 8 08:20:53 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Virkkunen:1980:UAF,
  author =       "V.-E. Juhani Virkkunen",
  title =        "A unified approach to floating-point rounding with
                 applications to multiple-precision summation",
  type =         "{Diss. Helsingfors}",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Helsinki",
  address =      "Helsinki, Finland",
  pages =        "66",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "951-45-1948-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-951-45-1948-2",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:25:02 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{vonGudenberg:1980:EAR,
  author =       "J. Wolff {von Gudenberg}",
  title =        "{Einbettung allgemeiner Rechnerarithmetik in Pascal
                 mittels eines Operatorkonzepts und Implementierung der
                 Standardfunktionen mit optimaler Genauigkeit}
                 \toenglish {Embedding a General Computer Arithmetic in
                 Pascal by Means of an Operator Concept and the
                 Implementation of Elementary Functions with Optimal
                 Accuracy} \endtoenglish",
  type =         "Dissertation",
  school =       "Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Waldecker:1980:NSR,
  author =       "D. E. Waldecker",
  title =        "Nonrestoring Square Root with Simplified Answer
                 Generation",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "4807--4808",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Waser:1980:EGP,
  author =       "S. Waser",
  title =        "{Entwicklung von Gleitkomma-Prozessoren} \toenglish
                 {Development of Floating-Point Processors}
                 \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIK,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "50--54",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "EKRKAR",
  ISSN =         "0013-5658",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Watkins:1980:MFU,
  author =       "Timothy Ervin Watkins",
  title =        "A microprogrammed {FFT} utilizing floating point
                 hardware",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "UCLA",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  pages =        "v + 56",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Fourier transformations
                 --- Computer programs.; Microprogramming.",
}

@MastersThesis{Wong:1980:IOF,
  author =       "Clement Sau-Fai Wong",
  title =        "Input\slash output and floating-point arithmetic
                 package",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Tennessee, Knoxville",
  address =      "Knoxville, TN, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 61",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer input-output equipment.; Electronic digital
                 computers --- Programming.; Floating-point arithmetic.;
                 Microcomputers.",
}

@InProceedings{Yohe:1980:FPE,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "Floating point exception handling for interval
                 arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Nickel:1980:IMP",
  pages =        "547--554",
  year =         "1980",
  MRclass =      "65G10",
  MRnumber =     "83c:65115",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Yohe:1980:PSI,
  author =       "J. M. Yohe",
  title =        "Portable Software for Interval Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Alefeld:1980:FNC",
  pages =        "211--229",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 08:17:48 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A portable multiple precision interval arithmetic
                 package for FORTRAN has been developed by substituting
                 the multiple precision arithmetic package of Richard P.
                 Brent for the underlying arithmetic in the author's
                 earlier single precision interval arithmetic package.
                 This package, like the earlier version, offers a
                 complete range of operations and functions for interval
                 calculations.\par

                 In this paper, we outline the design philosophy of the
                 earlier package and show how this design facilitated
                 the incorporation of the Brent package. We discuss
                 several desirable host system features and possible
                 adaptations of the interval package, and explain how
                 the design of the package would allow it to serve in
                 differing environments with only relatively minor
                 changes.\par

                 Since the package may be of direct use to many
                 individuals, we also discuss its installation on other
                 host systems and its use via the AUGMENT precompiler
                 for Fortran.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "interval arithmetic; multiple precision arithmetic",
}

@Article{Zeman:1980:HSM,
  author =       "J. Zeman and H. T. {Nagle, Jr.}",
  title =        "A High-Speed Microprogrammable Digital Signal
                 Processor Employing Distributed Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-29",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "134--144",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1980.1675537",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 19:15:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675537",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Agrawal:1981:NAM,
  author =       "D. P. Agrawal and R. C. Joshi",
  title =        "Negabinary Addition and Multiplication Using Binary
                 Circuits",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "270--273",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Agrawal_Joshi.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper deals with design techniques that allow
                 adoption of off-the-shelf binary arithmetic circuits to
                 perform multi-operand addition and multiplication of
                 negabinary numbers. The multiple operands could be
                 easily added with augmented binary adders connected in
                 the form of a tree. The same hardware could be used to
                 perform multiplication. But, from an LSI implementation
                 viewpoint, the use of cellular array structures is
                 explored and necessary challenges to design a combined
                 binary/negabinary multiplier unit, are also outlined.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Andrews:1981:EFM,
  author =       "M. Andrews and D. Jaeger and S. F. McCormick and G. D.
                 Taylor",
  title =        "Evaluation of Functions on Microcomputers: $\exp(x)$",
  journal =      j-COMP-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "503--508",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:40:45 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@MastersThesis{Arnold:1981:PFP,
  author =       "Jeffrey M. Arnold",
  title =        "{PSI}, a floating point processor for the {NU}
                 Computer",
  type =         "Thesis ({B.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Electrical and Engineering and Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "42",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by Stephen A. Ward.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer architecture.; Floating-point arithmetic.;
                 Intel 8086 (Microprocessor); Microprocessors --- Design
                 and construction.",
}

@InProceedings{Arora:1981:CSR,
  author =       "R. K. Arora and Saroj Kaushik",
  title =        "Conversion Scheme in Residue Code",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "152--156",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Arora_Kaushik.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper, an implementation scheme involving
                 decoders and residue adders has been suggested to
                 convert input data in fixed radix representation to
                 residue representation. A method dealing with the
                 reverse process is also demonstrated. A comparison has
                 been made with the methods known hitherto.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5; residue number system",
}

@InProceedings{Atkins:1981:FIS,
  author =       "D. E. Atkins and K. S. Trivedi",
  title =        "The {Fifth IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic}:
                 Foreword",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "iv--iv",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Trivedi_Atkins.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Avizienis:1981:LCR,
  author =       "Algirdas Avi{\v{z}}ienis",
  title =        "Low-Cost Residue and Inverse Residue Error-Detecting
                 Codes for Signed-Digit Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "165--168",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Avizienis.pdf",
  abstract =     "Low-cost residue and inverse residue codes for error
                 detection in signed-digit arithmetic are defined in
                 this paper. Checking algorithms are presented for both
                 digit-serial and parallel computation of the residues.
                 Residue digit operations are defined for two-operand
                 addition, multi-operand addition, multiplication,
                 conversion, and reconversion algorithms. All algorithms
                 employ the same Arithmetic Building Element ``ABE''
                 that has been previously developed for signed-digit
                 arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Banerji:1981:HSD,
  author =       "Dilip K. Banerji and To-Yat Cheung and V. Ganesan",
  title =        "A High-Speed Division Method in Residue Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "158--164",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Banerji_Cheung_Ganesan.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper is concerned with the operation of division
                 in residue number systems. Residue codes are introduced
                 and the basic residue arithmetic operations are
                 defined. Previous results on residue division are
                 outlined. A well-known integer division algorithm is
                 used and adapted for residue division. A new method is
                 proposed for choosing an approximate divisor,
                 approximate dividends, and the partial quotients. The
                 proposed method yields correct quotients faster than
                 the existing methods and is general in its application
                 i.e., it is not restricted by the choice of moduli as
                 long as they are relatively prime.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Barlow:1981:DAA,
  author =       "Jesse Barlow",
  title =        "On the Distribution af Accumulated Roundoff Error in
                 Floating Point Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "100--105",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Barlow.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper discusses longstanding problems in the
                 probabilistic error analysis of numerical algorithms
                 when they are performed in floating point
                 arithmetic.\par

                 Local roundoff error in floating point addition is
                 characterized and its mean and variance are
                 approximated. We apply these results to finding
                 distributions for the roundoff error accumulated in
                 sums and long inner products.\par

                 We state theorems which resolve questions left open in
                 Bustoz et al. [5] and Hamming [11]. These theorems are
                 proven in [3].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@PhdThesis{Barlow:1981:PEA,
  author =       "Jesse Louis Barlow",
  title =        "Probabilistic error analysis of floating point and
                 {CRD} arithmetics",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} (Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science)",
  school =       "Northwestern University",
  address =      "Evanston, IL, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bashe:1981:AIE,
  author =       "C. J. Bashe and W. Buchholz and G. V. Hawkins and J.
                 J. Ingram and N. Rochester",
  title =        "The Architecture of {IBM}'s Early Computers",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "363--375",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 24 21:36:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Benjamin:1981:FPF,
  author =       "Bruce P. Benjamin",
  title =        "Fixed point to floating point converter",
  type =         "{Master of Science, Plan II}",
  school =       "University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of
                 Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "60",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bhuyan:1981:MAP,
  author =       "L. Bhuyan and D. P. Agrawal",
  title =        "Multiple Addition and Parallel Counter in Generalized
                 Binary and Negabinary Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "264--269",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Bhuyan_Agrawal.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper explores the possibility of utilizing
                 counters for reducing the partial products generated
                 from multiplication of two numbers represented in a
                 generalized binary system. Algorithm for multi operand
                 addition of Koren's generalized number system are
                 worked out. A carry look-ahead adder is developed and
                 hardware aspects of possible counters for this class of
                 binary number system are discussed. Negabinary counters
                 are also introduced in line with those proposed for
                 binary multiplication by Stenzel et al.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Bice:1981:AAS,
  author =       "P. K. Bice",
  title =        "Algorithm adds square root to micro's arithmetic
                 capability",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "146",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ELODAW",
  ISSN =         "0013-4872",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:42 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Blikle:1981:CTI,
  author =       "Andrzej Blikle",
  title =        "The Clean Termination of Iterative Programs",
  journal =      j-ACTA-INFO,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "199--217",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AINFA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-5903 (print), 1432-0525 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-5903",
  MRclass =      "68B10",
  MRnumber =     "83c:68015",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACTAI.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/leavens.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "D.2; D.2.4; F.3",
  content =      "Most correctness proofs assume that elementary
                 instructions represent total functions. In fact this is
                 not always the case: for instance, in dealing with real
                 numbers, Brown's model of floating point computation
                 [1], a model which has been accepted by the designers
                 of ADA, uses interval analysis. If the interval of x
                 overlaps the interval of y, the Boolean value of x r y
                 is not well defined.\par

                 In this paper the author studies the clean termination
                 (i.e., without abortion) of iterative programs, not
                 supposing that the test functions are total. The
                 relational approach to computing, which the author has
                 largely worked out (cf. Sanderson [2] for an account
                 from the starting point) is very well suited for that
                 design. A general theorem links the ``global
                 correctness'' of a program with a ``well-founded''
                 breakdown of the program relation. Next the author
                 gives new validation rules, in which a Z b depart from
                 the usual meaning. Last (but not least) one finds an
                 exhaustive study of the integer square root in a
                 realistic arithmetic.\par

                 Due to the great significance of the matter, we must
                 call attention to this paper. \par

                 M. F. Aribaud, Paris, France \par

                 REFERENCES \par

                 [1] BROWN, W. S. A simple but realistic model of
                 floating-point computation, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 7
                 (1981), 445 480. \par

                 [2] SANDERSON, J. G. A relational theory of computing,
                 Lecture Notes in Computer \ldots{}",
  CRclass =      "D.2.4 Program Verification; D.2.4 Program
                 Verification; D.2.4 Correctness proofs; F.3.1
                 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs",
  CRnumber =     "39409",
  descriptor =   "Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Program Verification;
                 Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Program Verification,
                 Correctness proofs; Theory of Computation, LOGICS AND
                 MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Specifying and Verifying and
                 Reasoning about Programs",
  genterm =      "LANGUAGES; RELIABILITY; THEORY; VERIFICATION",
  reviewer =     "M. F. Aribaud",
  subject =      "D. Software; D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; D. Software;
                 D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; F. Theory of Computation; F.3
                 LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS",
}

@TechReport{Brent:1981:MUG,
  author =       "Richard P. Brent",
  title =        "{MP} User's Guide",
  number =       "TR-CS-81-08",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Australian National
                 University",
  address =      "Canberra, ACT, Australia",
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "73",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 15:59:05 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "MP is a multiple-precision floating-point arithmetic
                 package. It is almost completely machine-independent,
                 and should run on any machine with an ANSI Standard
                 Fortran (ANS X3.9-1966) compiler, sufficient memory,
                 and a wordlength (for integer arithmetic) of at least
                 16 bits. A precompiler (Augment) which facilitates the
                 use of the MP package is available.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bridge:1981:AAA,
  author =       "Carol L. Bridge and P. David Fisher and Robert G.
                 Reynolds",
  title =        "Asynchronous Arithmetic Algorithms for Data-Driven
                 Machines",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "56--62",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Bridge_Fisher_Reynolds.pdf",
  abstract =     "With data-driven machines a statement associated with
                 a given processing element fires the moment its input
                 operands become available. In order to take full
                 advantage of this computer structure and achieve
                 maximum throughput, the processing elements themselves
                 should also be asynchronous; i.e., instruction
                 execution times should be data dependent to minimize
                 overall delays. Five general procedures are described
                 that may be used to design self-timing processing
                 units: task completion prediction, task completion
                 detection, operand preprocessing, pre-estimation of
                 input operand values, and significance control.
                 Analysis and simulations suggest that the greatest
                 potential for speed improvement over synchronous
                 counterparts comes with self-timing algorithms for both
                 division and the evaluation of special functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Brown:1981:SRM,
  author =       "W. S. Brown",
  title =        "A Simple but Realistic Model of Floating-Point
                 Computation",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "445--480",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355972.355975",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 29 23:03:20 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic, environment parameters, error
                 analysis, Euclidean norm, floating-point arithmetic,
                 software portability",
}

@MastersThesis{Cariker:1981:RFM,
  author =       "Earnest Allan Cariker",
  title =        "A rapid-approximation floating-point mathematics
                 package for the {INTEL} 8080 microprocessor",
  type =         "Computing Science Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Texas A\&M University",
  address =      "College Station, TX, USA",
  pages =        "viii + 152",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Mathematical analysis.; Microprocessors.; Programming
                 (Electronic computers); Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers)",
}

@MastersThesis{Cary:1981:BFP,
  author =       "David A. Cary",
  title =        "The {Berkeley} floating point project",
  type =         "{Master of Science, Plan II}",
  school =       "University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of
                 Electrical and Engineering and Computer Sciences",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Noted as posthumous in \cite{Aspinwall:1985:RVM}.",
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1981:ECK,
  author =       "Paul E. Ceruzzi",
  title =        "The Early Computers of {Konrad Zuse}, 1935 to 1945",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "241--262",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1981/pdf/a3241.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/a3241abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Cheng:1981:AAF,
  author =       "Steven Cheng",
  title =        "{Am9511A\slash} {Am9512} floating point processor
                 manual",
  organization = "Advanced Micro Devices",
  address =      "Sunnyvale, CA, USA",
  pages =        "55",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic and logic units.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.",
}

@InProceedings{Chow:1981:PDA,
  author =       "P. Chow and Z. G. Vranesic and J. L. Yen",
  title =        "A Pipelined Distributed Arithmetic {PFFT} Processor",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "198--206",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Chow_Vranesic_Yen.pdf",
  abstract =     "Previous experience i,n implementing the Prime Factor
                 Fourier Transform showed that it was much more
                 difficult to do than the FFT because of its complicated
                 structure. In most FFT implementations the
                 ``butterfly'' structure is the basic arithmetic unit
                 implemented. It is much simpler than the equivalent
                 PFFT unit.\par

                 This paper describes a different architecture for
                 implementing PFFT machines using distributed arithmetic
                 and ROM's to perform the computations. It is found to
                 be much simpler and more modular than a design which
                 uses multipliers and adders. The implementation of a
                 PFFT processor with a throughput of 104 kHz for complex
                 data points is described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5; Prime Factor Fourier Transform (PFFT)",
}

@Article{Chroust:1981:MAD,
  author =       "G. Chroust",
  title =        "Method of Adding Decimal Numbers by Means of Binary
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "4525--4526",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Ciminiera:1981:AAF,
  author =       "L. Ciminiera and A. Serra",
  title =        "Arithmetic Array for Fast Inner Product Evaluation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "207--214",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Ciminiera_Serra.pdf",
  abstract =     "The paper presents a new fast arithmetic array,
                 suitable for VLSI implementation, which computes the
                 inner product of two vectors. The operands and the
                 result are expressed using the 2's complement notation,
                 which is the most general and flexible one. Cells
                 performing the $2 \times 2$ bit full multiplication are
                 used for obtaining a reduction of the operation
                 time.\par

                 A particular pipelining scheme, with different degrees
                 of latching, is used in order to implement parallel
                 computations with a moderate cost increase. Graphs
                 showing the characteristics and the advantage domain of
                 the proposed array are presented. An IC implementation
                 of the proposed array could have a speed from 5 to 10
                 times greater than the multiplier-accumulator circuits
                 currently available.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Ciminiera:1981:FAM,
  author =       "L. Ciminiera and A. Serra and A. Valenzano",
  title =        "{Fast and Accurate Matrix Triangularization Using an
                 Iterative Structure}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "215--221",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Ciminiera_Serra_Valenzano.pdf",
  abstract =     "The paper presents a new iterative array, which
                 performs the triangularization of a dense matrix, using
                 the Givens rotation algorithm. Two slightly different
                 arrays are presented: the first one performs the
                 factorization of a single matrix; the second one
                 performs the recursive triangularization. The
                 implementation of the cell in the array is based on the
                 on-line arithmetic, which allows us to obtain high
                 performances. Furthermore, the cell implementation
                 requires only three types of arithmetic units
                 (multiplication\slash addition, square root, division)
                 and shift registers for data buffering and for
                 generating the timing signals.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Cody:1981:APF,
  author =       "William J. {Cody, Jr.}",
  title =        "Analysis of Proposals for the Floating-Point
                 Standard",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "63--69",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 2 09:17:22 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{IEEE:1985:AIS,IEEE:1985:ASI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Cohen:1981:CAU,
  author =       "M. Cohen and V. C. Hamacher and T. E. Hull",
  title =        "{CADAC}: An Arithmetic Unit for Clean Decimal
                 Arithmetic and Controlled Precision",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "106--112",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Cohen_Hamacher_Bull.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the design of an arithmetic unit
                 called CADAC (Clean Arithmetic with Decimal base And
                 Controlled Precision). A brief indication of
                 programming language specifications for carrying out
                 ``ideal'' floating-point arithmetic is given. These
                 specifications include detailed requirements for
                 precision control and exception handling at the level
                 of a programming language such as Fortran. CADAC is an
                 arithmetic unit which performs the four floating-point
                 operations add\slash subtract \slash multiply\slash
                 divide on decimal base numbers in accordance with the
                 language requirements. A three-level pipeline is used
                 to overlap 2-digit-at-a-time (``double digit'') serial
                 processing of the partial products\slash remainders.
                 Although the logic design is relatively complex, the
                 performance is efficient and the advantages gained by
                 implementing programmer-controlled precision directly
                 in the hardware are significant.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Coonen:1981:EIG,
  author =       "Jerome T. Coonen",
  title =        "Errata: An Implementation Guide to a Proposed Standard
                 for Floating Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "62",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 09:18:24 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Coonen:1980:IGP,IEEE:1985:AIS,IEEE:1985:ASI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Coonen:1981:UDN,
  author =       "Jerome T. Coonen",
  title =        "Underflow and the Denormalized Numbers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75--87",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 09:18:30 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{IEEE:1985:AIS,IEEE:1985:ASI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Curley:1981:PPN,
  author =       "A. Curley",
  title =        "{PNCL}: {A} Prototype Numerical Computation Language",
  type =         "{M.Sc.} thesis",
  school =       "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Toronto",
  address =      "Toronto, ON, Canada",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 30 15:41:22 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Davis:1981:EFA,
  author =       "Diane F. Davis",
  title =        "Elementary Functions on an Array Processor",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "170--178",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Davis.pdf",
  abstract =     "The algorithms used for elementary functions on the
                 FPS-164 array processor are described. In each case,
                 the choice of the algorithm depends on the parallel
                 hardware, the capability of the instruction word, and
                 the precision desired. For some, the choice depends on
                 the version, either scalar or vector. Algorithms for
                 the divide, square root, cosine\slash sine,
                 exponential, and logarithm are discussed. Those for
                 arctangent, tangent, arc-cosine\slash sine, cosh, sinh,
                 and tanh are summarized.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5; Floating-Point Systems FPS-164",
}

@Manual{DECESD:1981:VIS,
  author =       "{Digital Equipment Corporation. Educational Services
                 Dept}",
  title =        "{VAX-11} instruction set",
  organization = "Digital Equipment Corporation",
  address =      "Maynard, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 09:19:03 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "VAX-11 (Computer) --- Programming.",
  remark =       "In container. Student guide --- Programming examples
                 --- Character string instructions --- Instruction
                 formats and addressing modes --- Variable bit field
                 instructions --- Stack and address instructions ---
                 Integer, logical and branch instructions --- Floating
                 point instructions --- Decimal string instructions
                 --Procedure and subroutine instructions --- Special
                 instructions --- Module tests --- Evaluation sheets ---
                 Selected tables.",
}

@InProceedings{Demmel:1981:EUS,
  author =       "James Demmel",
  title =        "Effects of Underflow on Solving Linear Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "113--119",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Demmel.pdf",
  abstract =     "Software to solve systems of linear equations by
                 Gaussian elimination has in the past ignored the
                 effects of underflow. But when underflows are replaced
                 by zeroes, this software can give spurious though
                 plausible results much worse than would be blamed on
                 roundoff. When underflow is gradual, as in the proposed
                 IEEE standard for floating point arithmetic, the same
                 software gives provably more reliable results. To
                 achieve the same reliability without gradual underflow,
                 but with underflows set to zero, complicated tests must
                 be inserted into the software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Efe:1981:MOA,
  author =       "Kemal Efe",
  title =        "Multi-Operand Addition with Conditional Sum Logic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "251--255",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Efe.pdf",
  abstract =     "Column-wise addition schemes involve counting the
                 number of 1's in a column and representing this number
                 in binary weighted form. In Conditional Sum Logic
                 (CSL), partial results are first generated for every
                 column, then one of these results is selected depending
                 on the incoming carry value. A compact scheme for
                 counting the number of 1's and generating partial
                 results for all possible distributions of incoming
                 carries is introduced. Application of such counters to
                 CSL yields a high speed in multi-operand addition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@TechReport{Eide:1981:FPA,
  author =       "Vigleik Eide",
  title =        "Floating-point arithmetic on a micro-computer",
  type =         "Hovedoppgave i informatikk (cand. real)",
  institution =  "Universitetet i Oslo",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  pages =        "71",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:12:55 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Farmwald:1981:DHP,
  author =       "P. M. Farmwald",
  title =        "On the Design of High Performance Digital Arithmetic
                 Units",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Farmwald:1981:HBE,
  author =       "P. Michael Farmwald",
  title =        "High bandwidth evaluation of certain elementary
                 functions",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "139--142",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 20 05:27:32 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Farmwald.pdf",
  abstract =     "Among the requirements currently being imposed on
                 high-performance digital computers to an increasing
                 extent are the high-bandwidth computations of
                 elementary functions, which are relatively
                 time-consuming procedures when conducted in software.
                 In this paper, we elaborate on a technique for
                 computing piecewise quadratic approximations to many
                 elementary functions. This method permits the effective
                 use of large RAMs or ROMs and parallel multipliers for
                 rapidly generating single-precision floating-point
                 function values (e.g., 30-45 bits of fraction, with
                 current RAM and ROM technology). The technique, based
                 on the use of Taylor series, may be readily pipelined.
                 Its use for calculating values for floating-point
                 reciprocal, square root, sine, cosine, arctangent,
                 logarithm, exponential and error functions is
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Fredette:1981:RES,
  author =       "G. Fredette",
  title =        "68000 routine extracts square roots",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "185--194",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Ganesan:1981:GSC,
  author =       "K. Ganesan and A. Augustine",
  title =        "8086 generates sines and cosines",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "186--188",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Gorin:1981:IDA,
  author =       "Ralph E. Gorin",
  title =        "Introduction to {DECSYSTEM}-20 Assembly Language
                 Programming",
  publisher =    pub-DP,
  address =      pub-DP:adr,
  pages =        "xxx + 545",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-932376-12-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-932376-12-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.D17 .G67",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 14 22:54:14 1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  price =        "US\$40.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Gorji-Sinaki:1981:DDS,
  author =       "A. Gorji-Sinaki and M. D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "Design of a Digit-Slice On-Line Arithmetic Unit",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "72--80",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_GorjiSinaki_Ercegovac.pdf",
  abstract =     "A gate level design of a digit-slice on-line
                 arithmetic unit is presented. This unit is designed as
                 a set of basic modules Processing Elements (PE), each
                 of which operates on a single digit of the operands and
                 the results. It is capable of executing four basic
                 operations of addition\slash subtraction,
                 multiplication and division in an on-line manner. The
                 results are generated during the digit-serial input of
                 the operands, beginning always with the most
                 significant digit. A general (with respect to radix)
                 analysis of the cost and speed of the proposed unit is
                 also given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Gosling:1981:CSH,
  author =       "J. B. Gosling and J. H. P. Zurawski and D. B. G.
                 Edwards",
  title =        "A Chip-Set for a High-Speed Low-cost Floating-Point
                 Unit",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "50--55",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Gosling_Zurawski_Edwards.pdf",
  abstract =     "Although the advent of microprocessors has put
                 considerable computing power in the hands of large
                 numbers of users, there is still an important group who
                 have yet to benefit fully from large scale
                 integration., As a step in the direction of rectifying
                 this situation, a highly flexible chip set is being
                 designed, with a view to reducing the cost of a
                 powerful floating point processor by a factor of about
                 4. Processing speed will be up to twice that of an
                 equivalent unit built from MSI devices, before
                 allowance is made for savings on wiring delays. It will
                 be possible to construct a unit satisfying all
                 published standards, proposed and existing (de facto),
                 as well as permitting a number of extensions not
                 specifically in these standards. At a cost between 100
                 and 150 ICs, and with a floating-point add time of
                 around 120ns, the proposed unit is cost-effective
                 compared to currently available coprocessors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Grappel:1981:RDB,
  author =       "R. D. Grappel",
  title =        "68000 routine divides 32-bit numbers",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "161--162",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Gregory:1981:RAR,
  author =       "R. T. Gregory",
  title =        "Residue Arithmetic with Rational Operands",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "144--145",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Gregory.pdf",
  abstract =     "A method is described for doing residue arithmetic
                 when the operands are rational numbers. A rational
                 operand $a/b$ is mapped onto the integer $a b^{-1}|_p$
                 and the arithmetic is performed in $\mathrm{GF}(p)$. A
                 method is given for taking an integer result and
                 finding its rational equivalent (the one which
                 corresponds to the correct rational result).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5; residue number system",
}

@Article{Griffiths:1981:BDC,
  author =       "L. K. Griffiths",
  title =        "Binary-to-Decimal Conversion",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1A",
  pages =        "237--238",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 17:04:53 2003",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Binary to decimal conversion can be achieved by
                 multiplying $1/10$ as $51/512 \times 256/255$ and using
                 the fact that $256/255 = 1 + 1/256 + 1/256^2 + \cdots$,
                 i.e., $256/255 = 257 - 256$ rounded up.\par

                 This method can be performed efficiently on short word
                 computers with only adding and shifting operations,
                 i.e., first multiplying by $51/512$ and then correcting
                 by multiplying by $256/255$.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Grote:1981:CIS,
  author =       "H. Grote",
  title =        "Code improves on a square-root routine",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "198--200",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:42 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Hazlerig:1981:CES,
  author =       "Steven Jackson Hazlerig",
  title =        "Comparison and evaluation of several floating-point
                 schemes for the {Motorola} 68000 microprocessor",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of
                 Electrical and Engineering and Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "103",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by Richard E. Zippel.",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Microprocessors ---
                 Programming.; Microprogramming.",
}

@TechReport{Hendra:1981:FPS,
  author =       "R. G. Hendra",
  title =        "A floating point software package for use on {LSI-11}
                 computers at {SLAC}",
  type =         "Technical note",
  number =       "SLAC TN 81-3",
  institution =  "SLAC",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "8",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 25 05:50:26 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://weblib.cern.ch/format/showfull?uid=1451323_18194&base=CERCER&sysnb=0046833",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hough:1981:API,
  author =       "David Hough",
  title =        "Applications of the Proposed {IEEE-754} Standard for
                 Floating Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--74",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 09:19:18 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{IEEE:1985:AIS,IEEE:1985:ASI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Huang:1981:IFD,
  author =       "Chao Huang and D. Peterson and H. Rauch and J. Teague
                 and D. Fraser",
  title =        "Implementation of a fast digital processor using the
                 residue number system",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "32--38",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19800468",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=23509",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "This paper contains a description of a special purpose
                 digital processor which has been implemented using
                 residue arithmetic. The processor does two-dimensional
                 pulse matching by convolving a two-dimensional
                 five-by-five filter with the Incoming data \ldots{}",
}

@MastersThesis{Hwang:1981:CFF,
  author =       "Shu-Hwa Hwang",
  title =        "Computation in a finite field using rational
                 operands",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Tennessee, Knoxville",
  address =      "Knoxville, TN, USA",
  pages =        "v + 80",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algorithms.; Floating-point arithmetic.; Modular
                 arithmetic.; Programming (Electronic computers)",
}

@InProceedings{Hwang:1981:PAV,
  author =       "Kai Hwang and Yen-Heng Cheng",
  title =        "Partitioned Algorithms and {VLSI} Structures for
                 Large-Scale Matrix Computations",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "222--232",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Hwang_Cheng.pdf",
  abstract =     "VLSI modular arithmetic structures and new partitioned
                 matrix algorithms are developed in this paper to
                 perform hardware matrix computations in solving
                 large-scale linear system of equations. Gaussian
                 elimination and inversion of triangular matrices are
                 shown systematically partitionable. All the partitioned
                 algorithms being developed can achieve linear
                 computation time $O(n)$, where $n$ is the order of the
                 linear system. The partitioned matrix computations are
                 feasible for modular VLSI implementation with
                 constrained I/O terminals. Performance analysis and
                 design tradeoffs of the partitioned VLSI arithmetic
                 structures are also provided.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Irwin:1981:RAP,
  author =       "Mary Jane Irwin and Dwight R. Smith",
  title =        "A Rational Arithmetic Processor",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "241--245",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Irwin_Smith.pdf",
  abstract =     "An arithmetic processor based upon a rational
                 representation scheme is examined. The key feature of
                 this rational processor is its ability to efficiently
                 reduce a result ratio to its irreducible form (the
                 greatest common divisor of the numerator and
                 denominator is unity). The reduction algorithm
                 presented generates the reduced ratio in parallel with
                 the evaluation of the ratio's greatest common divisor.
                 Hardware designs for the reduction algorithm and the
                 basic arithmetic operations are given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Jenkins:1981:CSP,
  author =       "W. K. Jenkins and M. H. Etzel",
  title =        "Correction to ``Special properties of complement codes
                 for redundant residue number systems''",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1086--1086",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19800468",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Jenkins:1981:SPC}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=31304",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
}

@Article{Jenkins:1981:SPC,
  author =       "W. K. Jenkins and M. H. Etzel",
  title =        "Special properties of complement codes for redundant
                 residue number systems",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "132--133",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19800468",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Jenkins:1981:CSP}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=31297",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Redundant residue number systems are of interest
                 because they have properties that are useful for error
                 control and failure recovery in digital processors.
                 This letter shows how complement coding interferes with
                 error detection in redundant residue \ldots{}",
}

@TechReport{Kahan:1981:WDW,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "Why Do We Need a Floating-Point Arithmetic Standard?",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  institution =  inst-BERKELEY,
  address =      inst-BERKELEY:adr,
  pages =        "41",
  day =          "12",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 7 12:22:17 GMT 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/k/kahan-william-m.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Available in a retypeset version
                 \cite{Kahan:2001:WDW}.",
}

@Article{Karplus:1981:ASI,
  author =       "W. J. Karplus and D. Cohen",
  title =        "Architectural and Software Issues in the Design of
                 Peripheral Array Processors",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:01:34 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kaushik:1981:SDS,
  author =       "Saroj Kaushik and R. K. Arora",
  title =        "Sign Detection in the Symmetric Residue Number
                 System",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "146--150",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Kaushik_Arora.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper is concerned with the algebraic sign
                 detection of a number in the Symmetric Residue Number
                 System. A new approach has been suggested which
                 completely avoids the time consuming process of the
                 Symmetric Mixed Radix Conversion (SMRC). An algorithm
                 based on the above approach implementable in parallel
                 for sign detection is also presented. The hardware
                 representation of the above algorithm is shown. The
                 time and hardware complexity required for the process
                 have also been computed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Kielbasinski:1981:IRL,
  author =       "Andrzej Kie{\l}basi{\'n}ski",
  title =        "Iterative refinement for linear systems in
                 variable-precision arithmetic",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--103",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01934074",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "83a:65042",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:17 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=21&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=21&issue=1&spage=97",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; variable-precision
                 arithmetic",
}

@Misc{Kitajima:1981:MS,
  author =       "Osamu Kitajima",
  title =        "Masterless samurai",
  publisher =    "Headfirst",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "1 sound disc",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "New Age music.; Popular music --- 1981-1990.",
  remark =       "Golden mean --- Wild monk --- Sei-- essence --- Where
                 is the real Japan? --- Masterless samurai --- Breath of
                 night --- Edo townsfolk - - Floating garden ---
                 Koshaku-- to the point --- Whoga-- grace. HF-9706;
                 Headfirst",
}

@Book{Knuth:1981:SA,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "Semi\-nu\-mer\-i\-cal Algorithms",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xi + 624",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-201-03822-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-03822-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .K64",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 15:47:38 1993",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  price =        "US\$19.75",
  series =       "The Art of Computer Programming",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Kobayashi:1981:FMO,
  author =       "Hideaki Kobayashi",
  title =        "A Fast Multi-Operand Multiplication Scheme",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "246--250",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Kobayashi.pdf",
  abstract =     "Recent developments in integrated circuit technology
                 have made efficient schemes for computer arithmetic
                 possible. This paper discusses a generation-summation
                 scheme for fast multi-operand multiplication. Synthesis
                 of three-operand multipliers utilizing a single type of
                 standard LSI device is also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Book{Kogge:1981:APC,
  author =       "Peter M. Kogge",
  title =        "The Architecture of Pipelined Computers",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 334",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-07-035237-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-035237-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .K587",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:37:46 1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Koren:1981:CPN,
  author =       "I. Koren and Y. Maliniak",
  title =        "On Classes of Positive, Negative, and Imaginary Radix
                 Number Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "212--317",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.1981.1675788",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 09:00:57 2009",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "A unified approach to a broad class of finite number
                 representation systems is proposed. This class contains
                 aDl positive and negative radix systems and other
                 well-known number systems. In addition, it can be
                 extended to include imaginary radix number systems. The
                 proposed approach enables us to develop a single set of
                 algorithms for arithmetic operations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Kornerup:1981:IRA,
  author =       "Peter Kornerup and David W. Matula",
  title =        "An Integrated Rational Arithmetic Unit",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "233--240",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Kornerup_Matula.pdf",
  abstract =     "Based on the classical Euclidian Algorithm, we develop
                 the foundations of an arithmetic unit performing Add,
                 Subtract, Multiply and Divide on rational operands. The
                 unit uses one unified algorithm for all operations,
                 including rounding. A binary implementation, based on
                 techniques known from the SRT division, is described.
                 Finally, a hardware implementation using ripple-free,
                 carry-save addition is analyzed, and adapted to a
                 floating-slash representation of the rational
                 operands.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Book{Kulisch:1981:CAT,
  author =       "Ulrich W. Kulisch and Willard L. Miranker",
  title =        "Computer arithmetic in theory and practice",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 249",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-12-428650-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-428650-4",
  LCCN =         "QA162 .K84",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Computer science and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algebra, Abstract.; Computer arithmetic.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.; Interval analysis
                 (Mathematics)",
  remark =       "See \cite[pp. 1.10--1.11]{Coonen:1984:CPS} for
                 negative comments about the floating-point model in
                 this book, and the impracticality of implementing it in
                 early-1980s technology. Coonen comments: ``their scheme
                 is {\em sufficient\/} to perform reliable computation,
                 aided by devious algorithms; there is no evidence that
                 their scheme is {\em necessary}. nor that the
                 deviousness of their algorithms is unavoidable.''",
}

@Article{Kunz:1981:QZ,
  author =       "W. Kunz",
  title =        "{Quadratwurzel mit dem {$\mu$P Z80}} \toenglish
                 {Square Roots with the {Z80} Microprocessor}
                 \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIK,
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "109--110",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "EKRKAR",
  ISSN =         "0013-5658",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Ligomenides:1981:CRF,
  author =       "P. Ligomenides and R. Newcomb",
  title =        "Complement Representations in the {Fibonacci}
                 Computer",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "6--9",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Ligomenides_Newcomb.pdf",
  abstract =     "Two complement representations and a sign-magnitude
                 one are introduced which allow for handling negative
                 numbers using only binary coefficients in Fibonacci
                 base expansions. These are developed for practical
                 implementation in Fibonacci computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Ling:1981:HSB,
  author =       "Huey Ling",
  title =        "High-speed binary adder",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2/3",
  pages =        "156--166",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:26:59 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5120 (Logic and switching circuits)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown Heights,
                 NY, USA",
  keywords =     "adders; fewer logic levels; high; neighbouring bit;
                 new carry propagation; new scheme; pairs; reduced
                 component count; speed binary adder; uniform fanin
                 loading; uniform fanout loading",
  treatment =    "N New Development",
}

@Article{Linnainmaa:1981:CEU,
  author =       "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  title =        "Combatting the effects of underflow and overflow in
                 determining real roots of polynomials",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11--16",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:09 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Linnainmaa:1981:SDP,
  author =       "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  title =        "Software for Doubled-Precision Floating-Point
                 Computations",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "272--283",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355958.355960",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "68B99 (65G99 68C05)",
  MRnumber =     "82h:68041",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355958.355960",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; exact
                 multiplication; floating-point arithmetic; rounding
                 errors; software portability",
}

@Article{Louie:1981:APS,
  author =       "T. Louie",
  title =        "Array Processors: {A} Selected Bibliography",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:04:04 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Markov:1981:IAA,
  author =       "Svetoslav Markov",
  title =        "On an Interval Arithmetic and Its Applications",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "274--278",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Markov.pdf",
  abstract =     "It is our point of view that familiar interval
                 arithmetic defined by $A*B = \{a * b: a \in A, b \in
                 B\}$, $* \in \{+, -, \times,:\}$ is inefficient in
                 certain respects. For instance, it is not in a position
                 to produce exact representations of sets of the form
                 $\{f(x,y, \ldots{},z): x \in X. y \in Y, \ldots{}, z
                 \in Z\}$ even for simple functions $f$ of one variable.
                 We make use of another interval arithmetic which is
                 very convenient for computer computations and for
                 construction of interval algorithms. As an example we
                 consider a method for the construction of interval
                 expressions for sets of the form $\{f(x):x \in [x_1,
                 x_2]\}$, where $f$ is an elementary function.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5; interval arithmetic",
}

@Article{Maron:1981:IAP,
  author =       "N. Maron and T. A. Brengle",
  key =          "Maron \& Brengle",
  title =        "Integrating an Array Processor into a Scientific
                 Computing System",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "41--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 19:04:40 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 Parallel/Multi.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Matsui:1981:OUF,
  author =       "S. Matsui and M. Iri",
  title =        "An overflow\slash underflow-free floating-point
                 representation of numbers",
  journal =      j-J-INF-PROCESS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "123--133",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "JIPRDE",
  ISSN =         "0387-6101",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "G.1.0",
  content =      "The authors propose a floating-point number
                 representation whereby the allocation of digits between
                 exponent and mantissa would vary with the size of the
                 number. In extreme cases in which the entire word is
                 not long enough to contain the exponent, they move to a
                 different ``level'' and work with exponents of
                 exponents. They have implemented the scheme in
                 software, and they claim that a hardware implementation
                 is possible without loss of efficiency. Their examples
                 include Graeffe's method, which seems to survive better
                 in their environment than in a conventional
                 floating-point environment, and Racah symbols, which
                 are functions of factorials.\par

                 The examples are not totally convincing.
                 Polynomial-factoring is not a computational bottleneck.
                 The Racah symbols would indeed cause trouble if
                 computed in a direct manner in conventional floating
                 point; however, the use of a log-gamma function would
                 largely eliminate the problem.\par

                 By using certain bit-configurations to denote
                 ``nonnumbers'' the authors make good their claim of
                 overflow-free arithmetic. The system clearly has the
                 merit of convenience. In the absence of a formal error
                 analysis it is not yet clear what price has to be paid
                 for the convenience. \par

                 A. C. R. Newbery, Lexington.",
  CRclass =      "G.1.0 General; G.1.0 Computer arithmetic",
  CRnumber =     "40691",
  descriptor =   "Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General,
                 Computer arithmetic",
  genterm =      "DESIGN; PERFORMANCE",
  reviewer =     "A. C. R. Newbery; Newbery, A. C. R",
  subject =      "G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS",
}

@Article{Miller:1981:RGU,
  author =       "W. Miller",
  title =        "A Remark on Gradual Underflow",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "217--225",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 12 16:33:42 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Ariz, Tucson, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computing (Vienna/New York)",
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic; computer metatheory;
                 floating-point arithmetic; IEEE 754 arithmetic",
}

@Article{Mitra:1981:CRA,
  author =       "D. Mitra and V. Lawrence",
  title =        "Controlled rounding arithmetics, for second-order
                 direct-form digital filters, that eliminate all
                 self-sustained oscillations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "894--905",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:03 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Quantization often allows a recursive second-order
                 filter to oscillate even when the underlying linear
                 model is absolutely stable and there is no external
                 signal present to excite the filter. One of the
                 significant innovative ideas recently \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Munson:1981:FPR,
  author =       "David C. {Munson, Jr.} and Bede Liu",
  title =        "Floating point roundoff error in the prime factor
                 {FFT}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "877--882",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  MRclass =      "65R10 (94A05)",
  MRnumber =     "82f:65132",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "The prime factor fast Fourier transform (PF FFT),
                 developed by Kolba and Parks, makes use of recent
                 computational complexity results by Winograd to compute
                 the DFT with a fewer number of multiplications than
                 that required by the FFT. Patterson and McClellan have
                 derived an expression for the mean squared error (MSE)
                 in the PF FFT, assuming finite precision fixed point
                 arithmetic. In this paper, we derive an expression for
                 the MSE in the PF FFT, assuming floating point
                 arithmetic. This expression is quite complicated, so an
                 upper bound on the MSE is also derived which is easier
                 to compute. Simulation results are presented comparing
                 the error in the PF FFT with both the derived bound and
                 the error observed in a radix-2 FFT.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Nguyen:1981:SAD,
  author =       "Diem Dinh Nguyen",
  title =        "A Systematic Approach to the Design of Structures for
                 Addition and Subtraction --- Case of Radix $r = m^k$",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "42--49",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Nguyen.pdf",
  abstract =     "The results of Robertson concerning a systematic
                 approach to the design of Adder\slash Subtracter
                 structures of radix $r = 2^k$, $k \geq I$ are
                 generalised to cover all structures of radix $r = m^k$,
                 $k \geq I$ and $m \geq 2$. The use of quasibinary
                 representations help reduce the number of types of
                 fundamental structures required. In addition to the
                 types encountered in the earlier case, only one new
                 type of fundamental structure called Radix-$m$ Carry
                 Generator is needed. Examples in the particular case of
                 Decimal Adder\slash Subtracter structures are used to
                 illustrate the results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Ong:1981:TQC,
  author =       "S. Ong and D. E. Atkins",
  title =        "Towards Quantitative Comparison of Computer Number
                 Systems",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "21--33",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Ong_Atkins.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an evolving Arithmetic Design
                 System (ADS) to support the quantitative evaluation of
                 alternate number systems with respect to a given
                 application and realization technology. In computer
                 arithmetic we are concerned with establishing a
                 correspondence between abstract quantities (numbers)
                 and some physical representation (symbols), and with
                 simulating the operations on these symbols. The ADS is
                 intended to help study the cost and performance of
                 alternate simulations. A finite number system is a
                 triple consisting of a symbol set (elements are called
                 ``digit-vectors''), an interpretation set, a mapping
                 between these two sets, and a set of operators
                 (digit-vector algorithms) defined on its symbol set. A
                 set of these digit vector algorithms are proposed for
                 conducting arithmetic design. A number system matrix
                 defines the digit vector algorithm for numerous number
                 systems and a method for computing time and space
                 complexity of compositions of these algorithms is
                 proposed. An example of how the system could be used to
                 compare addition, with and without overflow detection,
                 for three number systems is given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Owens:1981:CAD,
  author =       "Robert Michael Owens",
  title =        "Compound Algorithms for Digit On-Line Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "64--71",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Owens.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a systematic method which has
                 been. successfully used to create several digit online
                 algorithms. Basically, the method entails converting in
                 a systematic way a known continued sums\slash products
                 algorithm and combining the converted form of the
                 continued sums\slash product algorithm with a
                 generalized digitization algorithm. Not only does the
                 method seem to have wide applicability in the creation
                 of digit online algorithms for many elementary
                 functions but the algorithms which have resulted from
                 this method themselves have several desirable
                 properties.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Padegs:1981:SB,
  author =       "A. Padegs",
  title =        "System\slash 360 and Beyond",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "377--390",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 29 17:56:34 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Papachristou:1981:APA,
  author =       "C. A. Papachristou",
  title =        "Algorithms for Parallel Addition and Parallel
                 Polynomial Evaluation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "256--263",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Papachristou.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents two related algorithms for
                 implementing parallel $n$-bit binary addition and
                 evaluating $n$-th degree polynomials, respectively. The
                 approach taken makes use of an iterative construction,
                 the computation tree. The algorithms are particularly
                 effective for moderate values of $n$ and are in accord
                 with well-known asymptotic bounds. In the case of
                 $n$-bit addition, the implementations constitute
                 lookahead tree circuits of $r$-input standard logic
                 elements. Extensions to modular tree structures for
                 lookahead adders are also considered. In the case of
                 parallel polynomial evaluation, the operations of
                 ordinary addition and multiplication are assumed with
                 the capability to employ $r$ arguments
                 simultaneously.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Peng:1981:AES,
  author =       "Hong Peng",
  title =        "Algorithms for extracting square roots and cube
                 roots",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "121--126",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 11:37:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Peng.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a kind of algorithms for fast
                 extracting square roots and cube roots, their
                 mathematical proofs, their revised algorithm formulae,
                 and hardware implementation of the square root
                 algorithm. These algorithms may be of no significance
                 for large scale computer with fast division. But I am
                 sure that it is effective and economical to apply these
                 algorithms to the circuit designs of some mini- and
                 microcomputers with general multiplication and
                 division, such as nonrestoring division.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Peters:1981:EFB,
  author =       "James V. Peters",
  title =        "An Equivalent Form of {Benford's Law}",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--75",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 17:59:53 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/19-1.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/19-1/peters.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly",
}

@InProceedings{Raghavendra:1981:SLA,
  author =       "C. S. Raghavendra and M. D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "A Simulator for On-Line Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "92--98",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Raghavendra_Ercegovac.pdf",
  abstract =     "On-line arithmetic is a special class of serial
                 arithmetic where algorithms produce results with the
                 most significant digit first during the serial input of
                 the operands. Speedup of computations can be achieved
                 by overlapping or pipelining successive operations with
                 small delays. This paper describes the design and
                 implementation of a simulator for on-line arithmetic
                 algorithms. The simulator was designed primarily to
                 serve as\par

                 (1) an experimental tool for synthesis of on-line
                 algorithms;\par

                 (2) a performance evaluation tool of on-line
                 arithmetic;\par

                 (3) an on-line calculator in solving some problems
                 involving linear and non-linear recurrences.\par

                 The simulator evaluates arithmetic expressions given in
                 a highly functional form. Presently, the set of
                 operations supported include addition, subtraction,
                 multiplication, division, and square root. Several
                 examples are presented in this paper to illustrate the
                 usage of the simulator. The simulator package is
                 implemented in 'C' language on a VAX 11/780 system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Rao:1981:AFF,
  author =       "T. R. N. Rao",
  title =        "Arithmetic of Finite Fields",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "2--5",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Rao.pdf",
  abstract =     "The arithmetic operations in finite fields and their
                 implementation are important to the construction of
                 error detecting and correcting codes. The addition,
                 multiplication and division in the field
                 $\mathrm{GF}(2^m)$ are implemented as polynomial
                 operations using binary logic of flip-flops and EXOR's.
                 For fields of nonbinary characteristic, modular
                 arithmetic (with modulus $p$, a prime) becomes
                 important. This paper focuses on problems relating to
                 the arithmetic of $\mathrm{GF}(p)$, and some recent
                 results and new ideas on this topic are presented
                 here.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Rao:1981:CHC,
  author =       "T. M. Rao and R. T. Gregory",
  title =        "The Conversion of {Hensel} Codes to Rational Numbers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "10--14",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Rao_Gregory.pdf",
  abstract =     "In a finite-segment p-adic number system one of the
                 difficult problems is concerned with converting Hensel
                 codes back into rational numbers. An algorithm for this
                 conversion is proposed which is based on a
                 sophisticated table look-up procedure.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Redinbo:1981:SRN,
  author =       "G. Redinbo and W. Hunnebeck",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '81",
  title =        "On the simulation of residue number systems",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "339--342",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19800468",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "It is sometimes difficult to simulate on general
                 purpose computers the performance of digital systems
                 that use residue number systems. This paper
                 demonstrates a new technique that makes effective use
                 of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to simulate the
                 \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Robertson:1981:SAD,
  author =       "J. E. Robertson",
  title =        "A Systematic Approach to the Design of Structures for
                 Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "35--41",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Robertson.pdf",
  abstract =     "A design tool for the decomposition of binary digital
                 structures for addition and subtraction has been
                 developed. A simplified theory reduces a complex
                 structure to a collection of basic structures of one
                 type, namely, a full adder. The simplified theory is
                 applicable to the design of parallel counters and array
                 multipliers. A general theory is used for decomposition
                 to three types of basic structures, whose complexity is
                 usually on the order of a half-adder. The general
                 theory is applicable to redundant array multipliers and
                 signed-digit adders.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Rodrigues:1981:HEM,
  author =       "M. R. D. Rodrigues and J. H. P. Zurawski and J. B.
                 Gosling",
  title =        "Hardware evaluation of mathematical functions",
  journal =      j-IEE-PROC-E,
  volume =       "128",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "155--164",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IPETD3",
  ISSN =         "0143-7062",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Rutenbar:1981:CSV,
  author =       "R. A. Rutenbar and Y. E. Park",
  title =        "Case Study of a {VLSI} Design Project: {A} Simple
                 Inner Product Machine",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "184--189",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Rutenbar_Park.pdf",
  abstract =     "We present a case study of the application of recently
                 evolved structured VLSI design methodologies to the
                 design and implementation of a simple VLSI quasi-serial
                 inner product machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@TechReport{Schryer:1981:TCF,
  author =       "N. L. Schryer",
  title =        "A Test of a Computer's Floating-Point Arithmetic
                 Unit",
  number =       "Computer Science Technical Report 89",
  institution =  "AT\&T Bell Laboratories",
  pages =        "66",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 30 11:20:24 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://plan9.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cstr/89.ps.gz;
                 http://www.bell-labs.com/topic/swdist/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "floating-point testing",
}

@Article{Schwarz:1981:EYC,
  author =       "H. R. Schwarz",
  title =        "The Early Years of Computing in {Switzerland}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "121--132",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1981/pdf/a2121.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/a2121abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "K; K.2; K.2; K.2",
  content =      "Schwartz describes two early computers used at the
                 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (whose German
                 acronym is ETH) during the 1950s. Despite the more
                 general title, he does not mention any non-ETH
                 computers in this article. According to Schwartz, the
                 first programmable computer in Switzerland was the Z4
                 developed by Konrad Zuse in Germany during World War II
                 and installed at the ETH in 1950. Except for the ERMETH
                 (also at the ETH), he does not mention any subsequent
                 Swiss installations during the period, leaving a weak
                 implication that there were none.\par

                 The Z4 was an electromechanical machine with a total
                 data memory of 64 32-bit words and no program memory.
                 Programs were executed while being read from punched
                 tape. Conditional test instructions permitted
                 instructions on the tape to be skipped; other control
                 instructions caused an alternate tape reader to begin
                 processing a program (a form of subroutine-call). The
                 arithmetic unit could perform true floating-point
                 operations. This arithmetic unit contained built-in
                 functions for computing squares, reciprocals, and
                 square roots. (Ten years later, mere integer division
                 was still optional at an extra cost on the IBM 1401.)
                 There were special representations for infinity and
                 ``undefined'' so that operations such as division by
                 zero could continue without interruption but with a
                 meaningful result.",
  CRclass =      "K.2.7 ERMETH; K.2 Hardware; K.2 Software",
  CRnumber =     "39473",
  descriptor =   "Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING; Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, ERMETH; Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, Hardware; Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, Software",
  reviewer =     "D. Ross",
  subject =      "K. Computing Milieux; K.2 HISTORY OF COMPUTING",
}

@Article{Smith:1981:ERA,
  author =       "J. M. Smith and F. W. J. Olver and D. W. Lozier",
  title =        "Extended-Range Arithmetic and Normalized {Legendre}
                 Polynomials",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "93--105",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355934.355940",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65D20 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "83a:65017",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 29 22:02:12 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355934.355940",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "angular momentum; extended-range arithmetic; Legendre
                 polynomials; overflow; underflow",
}

@Book{Spaniol:1981:CAL,
  author =       "Otto Spaniol",
  title =        "Computer Arithmetic: Logic and Design",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "280",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-471-27926-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-27926-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .S6613, TK7888.3.S7",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 22:26:58 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "English translation of \cite{Spaniol:1976:AR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stevenson:1981:ITP,
  author =       "David Stevenson",
  title =        "{IEEE Task 754}: {A} Proposed Standard for Binary
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic: Draft 8.0",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "51--62",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  annote =       "Offered here for public comment, this proposed
                 standard facilitates transportation of numerically
                 oriented programs and encourages development of
                 high-quality numerical software.",
  country =      "USA",
  date =         "30/10/88",
  descriptors =  "Standardization; computer arithmetic; IEEE 754;
                 floating point; computation structure; numerical
                 software;",
}

@Article{Stevenson:1981:PSBa,
  author =       "David Stevenson",
  title =        "A Proposed Standard for Binary Floating-Point
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "51--62",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 2 09:21:54 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{IEEE:1985:AIS,IEEE:1985:ASI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Book{Stevenson:1981:PSBb,
  author =       "David Stevenson",
  title =        "A proposed standard for binary floating-point
                 arithmetic: draft 8.0 of {IEEE} Task {P754}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "36",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 09:22:07 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{IEEE:1985:AIS,IEEE:1985:ASI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Compiling (Electronic computers).; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.",
  remark =       "Reprinted from: Computer, v. 14, no. 3 (Mar. 1981):
                 51--87. Includes articles by W.J. Cody, David Hough,
                 and Jerome T. Coonen.",
}

@InProceedings{Stummel:1981:PAM,
  author =       "F. Stummel",
  title =        "Optimal error estimates for {Gaussian} elimination in
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  crossref =     "GAMM:1981:PAM",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "T355--T357",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ZAMMAX",
  ISSN =         "0044-2267",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (65F10)",
  MRnumber =     "84j:65039",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Tan:1981:ADC,
  author =       "C.-I. Tan and B. C. McInnis",
  booktitle =    "20th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including
                 the Symposium on Adaptive Processes",
  title =        "Adaptive digital control implemented using residue
                 number systems",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "808--812",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CDC.1981.269326",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The application of residue number systems for the
                 implementation of adaptive digital controllers is
                 presented. Division operations are avoided through the
                 use of iteration to solve for the value of the control.
                 Decoding computations are simplified \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Taylor:1981:CHD,
  author =       "George S. Taylor",
  title =        "Compatible hardware for division and square root",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "127--134",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 16 16:30:51 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Taylor.pdf",
  abstract =     "Hardware for radix four division and radix two square
                 root is shared in a processor designed to implement the
                 proposed IEEE floating-point standard. The division
                 hardware looks ahead to find the next quotient digit in
                 parallel with the next partial remainder. An 8-bit ALU
                 estimates the next remainder's leading bits. The
                 quotient digit look-up table is addressed with a
                 truncation of the estimate rather than a truncation of
                 the full partial remainder. The estimation ALU and the
                 look-up table are asymmetric for positive and negative
                 remainders. This asymmetry reduces the width of the ALU
                 and the number of minterms in the logic equations for
                 the look-up table. The square root algorithm obtains
                 the correctly rounded result in about two division
                 times using small extensions to the division
                 hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Taylor:1981:FPR,
  author =       "Fred J. Taylor and Chao H. Huang",
  title =        "A floating-point residue arithmetic unit",
  journal =      j-J-FRANKLIN-INST,
  volume =       "311",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--53",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1981",
  ISSN =         "0016-0032",
  MRclass =      "94A11 (68A05)",
  MRnumber =     "82a:94013",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "B.2; G.1.0",
  content =      "This paper describes the logical design of a floating
                 point arithmetic unit using a hybrid residue number
                 system. Mantissas of numbers are operated in a residue
                 system while the exponents are in binary. Some basic
                 operations, such as scaling and underflow/overflow
                 detection, are described, and circuit implementation
                 using ROMs indicated. ``For example, let m(z)` be a
                 2N-bit work in integer form and H_0 and H_1 represent
                 the two following hypotheses. If m(z`) e H_1, then
                 m(z`) W 1-2- 2^2N = 2^2N 1. If m(z)` e H_0, then m(z)`
                 < 1-2- 2^2N = 2^2N 1. The hypothesis testing is
                 accomplished by comparing each of the mixed-radix
                 digits of m(z)` to that of 2^2N 1 through L independent
                 binary comparators.'' Circuits for multiplication,
                 addition, and subtraction are derived. The procedures
                 seem reasonable and the proofs rigorous. Table look up
                 cycle times and memory requirements for different
                 implementation of the arithmetic units are estimated.
                 These are comparable with corresponding times and
                 memory needs for PDP/11. Use in algorithms such as FFT
                 is argued for.\par

                 The exposition is somewhat difficult. As with many
                 logical designs one is not sure whether the approach
                 given is optimum (for any sense of the word
                 ``optimum''). In the absence of a working system one
                 can not be sure",
  CRclass =      "B.2.1 Design Styles; G.1.0 General; G.1.0 Computer
                 arithmetic",
  CRnumber =     "39211",
  descriptor =   "Hardware, ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES, Design
                 Styles; Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS,
                 General, Computer arithmetic",
  genterm =      "DESIGN",
  reviewer =     "B. Hazeltine; Hazeltine, B",
  subject =      "B. Hardware; B.2 ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES; G.
                 Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS",
}

@InProceedings{Taylor:1981:VHP,
  author =       "George S. Taylor and David A. Patterson",
  title =        "{VAX} Hardware for the Proposed {IEEE} Floating-Point
                 Standard",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "190--196",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Taylor_Patterson.pdf",
  abstract =     "The proposed IEEE floating-point standard has been
                 implemented in a substitute floating-point accelerator
                 for the VAX-11/760. We explain how features of the
                 proposed standard influenced the design of the new
                 processor. By comparing it with the original VAX
                 accelerator, we illustrate the differences between
                 hardware for the proposed standard and hardware for a
                 more traditional floating-point architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Book{Tyner:1981:GDP,
  author =       "Paul Tyner",
  title =        "{iAPX} 432 General Data Processor Architecture
                 Reference Manual",
  publisher =    pub-INTEL,
  address =      pub-INTEL:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1981",
  LCCN =         "TK7895.M5 T85 1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:03:20 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxISBN =       "(none)",
}

@Manual{vonGudenberg:1981:GAP,
  author =       "J. Wolff von Gudenberg",
  title =        "{Gesamte Arithmetik des Pascal-SC Rechners.
                 Benutzerhandbuch}. ({German}) [{Complete} Arithmetic of
                 the {Pascal-SC} Computer: User Handbook]",
  organization = "Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of
                 Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 22:27:27 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Walker:1981:EMA,
  author =       "Gregory Walker",
  title =        "Extension of the {MC68000} Architecture to Include
                 Standard Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "179--182",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Walker.pdf",
  abstract =     "The synthetic aspect of designing a computer
                 architecture is particularly evident when the design is
                 highly constrained from two independent directions.
                 Floating-point extensions of the MC68000 architecture
                 incorporate the IEEE Proposed Floating-point Standard
                 into the existing MC68000 architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Washington:1981:BLF,
  author =       "Lawrence C. Washington",
  title =        "{Benford's Law} for {Fibonacci} and {Lucas} Numbers",
  journal =      j-FIB-QUART,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "175--176",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "FIBQAU",
  ISSN =         "0015-0517",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-0517",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 20 17:59:55 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.fq.math.ca/19-2.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fibquart.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/19-2/washington.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Fib. Quart",
  fjournal =     "The Fibonacci Quarterly",
}

@TechReport{Watanuki:1981:FOAa,
  author =       "Osaaki Watanuki",
  title =        "Floating-point on-line arithmetic for highly
                 concurrent digit-serial computation: application to
                 mesh problems",
  institution =  "Computer Science Dept. Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  pages =        "xvi + 149",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "UCLA-ENG; 8107 ReRport [sic] / UCLA Computer Science
                 Department; no. CSD 810529 Report (University of
                 California, Los Angeles. Computer Science Dept.); no.
                 CSD-810529",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Differential equations, Partial.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.",
  remark =       "Consists of the author's thesis ({Ph.D.})--UCLA, 1981.
                 Bibliography: p. 146-149.",
}

@PhdThesis{Watanuki:1981:FOAb,
  author =       "Osaaki Watanuki",
  title =        "Floating-point on-line arithmetic for highly
                 concurrent digit-serial computation: application to
                 mesh problems",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "UCLA",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  pages =        "xvi + 149",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Differential equations, Partial.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.",
}

@InProceedings{Watanuki:1981:FPLa,
  author =       "O. Watanuki and M. D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "Floating-point On-Line Arithmetic: Algorithms",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "81--86",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 17:53:26 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Watanuki_Ercegovac_a.pdf",
  abstract =     "For effective application of on-line arithmetic to
                 practical numerical problems, floating-point algorithms
                 for on-line addition\slash subtraction and
                 multiplication have been implemented by introducing the
                 notion of quasi-normalization. Those proposed are
                 normalized fixed-precision FLPOL (floating-point
                 on-line) algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@InProceedings{Watanuki:1981:FPLb,
  author =       "O. Watanuki and M. D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "Floating-point On-Line Arithmetic: Error Analysis",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "87--91",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Watanuki_Ercegovac_b.pdf",
  abstract =     "The properties of redundant number system in mantissa
                 representation are studied and the range of the
                 redundant mantissa is derived. From the range of the
                 mantissa and the absolute error of on-line operations,
                 the MRRE (maximum relative representation error) is
                 defined and analyzed for redundant floating-point
                 numbers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Wehringer:1981:FSA,
  author =       "A. Wehringer",
  title =        "{Flie{\ss}komma-Arithmetik} \toenglish {Floating-point
                 Arithmetic} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      "Elektronikschau",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "34--36",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Wehringer:1981:SBM,
  author =       "A. Wehringer",
  title =        "{Schnelle 16-bit-Multiplikation und Division}
                 \toenglish {Fast 16-bit Multiplication and Division}
                 \endtoenglish",
  journal =      "Elektronikschau",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "36--37",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Manual{Weinreb:1981:LMM,
  author =       "Daniel Weinreb and David Moon",
  title =        "{LISP} Machine Manual",
  organization = "MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Third",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 17:08:51 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From \cite{Steele:2004:RHP}: ``The number of digits
                 printed is the `correct' number; no information present
                 in the flonum is lost, and no extra trailing digits are
                 printed that do not represent information in the
                 flonum. Feeding the [printed representation] of a
                 flonum back to the reader is always supposed to produce
                 an equal flonum.''",
}

@InProceedings{Willoner:1981:AME,
  author =       "Robert Willoner and I-Ngo Chen",
  title =        "An Algorithm for Modular Exponentiation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1981:PSC",
  pages =        "135--138",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 11:37:51 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith5/papers/ARITH5_Willoner_Chen.pdf",
  abstract =     "The best known algorithm for {\em modular
                 exponentiation}, $M^e \bmod t$ for arbitrary $M$, $e$,
                 and $t$ is of $O(n^3)$ where $n$ is the number ot bits
                 in the largest of $M$, $e$ and $t$. This paper presents
                 an $O(n)$ algorithm for the problem where $M^e \bmod t$
                 is required for many values of $M$ and $e$ with
                 constant $t$. Some preprocessing is done on $t$, and
                 the results are applied repeatedly to different values
                 of $M$ and $e$. The main algorithm involves {\em
                 on-line} arithmetic in a {\em redundant} number system.
                 An immediate application is in encoding\slash decoding
                 of messages in an RSA-based {\em public-key
                 cryptosystem}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-5",
}

@Article{Zurawski:1981:DHS,
  author =       "J. H. P. Zurawski and J. B. Gosling",
  title =        "Design of High-Speed Digital Divider Units",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-30",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "691--699",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1981.1675869",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 18:45:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675869",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Andrews:1982:MMS,
  author =       "M. Andrews",
  title =        "Mathematical Microprocessor Software: {A} $\sqrt(x)$
                 Comparison",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "63--79",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MM.1982.290970",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Andrews:1982:SRX,
  author =       "M. Andrews",
  title =        "Square-Root-{X} Comparison --- New Results Discovered
                 --- Reply",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--6",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MM.1982.291010",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Anonymous:1982:MKF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Materialiensammlung zum 5. Kolloquium (mit Floating
                 Point Systems) Neue Rechnerarchitekturen:
                 Anwendungsgebiete und Realisierungen: Hannover, (18.Mai
                 1982)}",
  type =         "{Bericht}",
  number =       "30",
  institution =  "Regionales Rechenzentrum f{\"u}r Niedersachsen bei der
                 Universit{\"a}t Hannover",
  address =      "Hannover, Germany",
  pages =        "58",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 09:13:36 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Arnold:1982:EPS,
  author =       "Mark G. Arnold",
  title =        "Extending the Precision of the Sign Logarithm Number
                 System",
  type =         "{M.S.} Thesis",
  school =       "University of Wyoming",
  address =      "Laramie, WY, USA",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 24 16:06:13 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Bairstow:1982:FPP,
  author =       "R. Bairstow and J. Barlow and M. Jires and M. Waters",
  title =        "A floating point processor for {Intel 8080A}
                 microprocessor systems",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "RL 82-020",
  institution =  "Rutherford Appleton Lab.",
  address =      "Harwell, Oxon, UK",
  pages =        "44",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 25 05:47:40 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://weblib.cern.ch/format/showfull?uid=1451323_18194&base=CERCER&sysnb=0050018",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Baraniecki:1982:QEL,
  author =       "A. Baraniecki and G. Jullien",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '82",
  title =        "Quantization error and limit cycles analysis in
                 residue number system coded recursive filters",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "52--55",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19820632",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The paper discusses the Residue Number System (RNS)
                 implementation of second order recursive digital filter
                 sections. The RNS offers the advantage of using integer
                 based arithmetic operations and a simple hardware
                 realization involving arrays of \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Barnes:1982:RNI,
  author =       "C. Barnes and T. Miyawaki",
  title =        "Roundoff Noise Invariants in Normal Digital Filters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "251--256",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The unit noise gains for optimal and parallel normal
                 realizations of digital filters can be expressed in
                 terms of a set of noise gain parameters that are simply
                 related to the pole locations and pole residues. These
                 noise gain parameters are shown \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Bohannan:1982:MAP,
  author =       "J. W. Bohannan and D. J. Bradley and D. A. Kummer and
                 J. A. Saenz",
  title =        "Multiplication Algorithm for Packed {BCD} Numbers",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2225",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Bohlender:1982:ROA,
  author =       "G. Bohlender and K. Gr{\"u}ner and J. Wolff {von
                 Gudenberg}",
  title =        "{Realisierung einer optimalen Arithmetik} \toenglish
                 {Realization of Optimal Arithmetic} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "68--72",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ELRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0013-5720",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 10 12:41:07 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Brent:1982:RLP,
  author =       "R. P. Brent and H. T. Kung",
  title =        "A regular layout for parallel adders",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "260--264",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1675982",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 16 16:06:24 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Brooks:1982:OCL,
  author =       "R. A. Brooks and R. P. Gabriel and G. L. {Steele,
                 Jr.}",
  title =        "An optimizing compiler for lexically scoped {LISP}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "261--275",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Boston, MA, USA; 23--25 June 1982",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the SIGPLAN '82 Symposium on Compiler
                 Construction",
  corpsource =   "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  keywords =     "BLISS-11; complex numbers; floating-point; FORTRAN;
                 lexically scoped LISP; LISP; list manipulation;
                 multiprocessing supercomputer; optimizing compiler;
                 PASCAL; PQCC compiler; program compilers; S-1 PASCAL;
                 stable-driven; symbolic processing; TNBIND technique;
                 vectors",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Cassola:1982:FPA,
  author =       "R. L. Cassola",
  title =        "Floating Point Algorithm Design",
  journal =      j-COMP-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "107--114",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "CMPDAM",
  ISSN =         "0010-4566",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Cassola:1982:FPM,
  author =       "R. L. Cassola",
  title =        "A Floating Point Module for Military Computers",
  journal =      j-COMP-DESIGN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67--76",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "CMPDAM",
  ISSN =         "0010-4566",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Cavanagh:1982:DCA,
  author =       "Joseph J. F. Cavanagh",
  title =        "Digital computer arithmetic: design and
                 implementation",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "University of Santa Clara",
  address =      "Santa Clara, CA, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 503",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic and logic units.; Floating-point
                 arithmetic.",
}

@InProceedings{Cody:1982:BCC,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Basic concepts for computational software",
  crossref =     "Messina:1982:PMM",
  pages =        "1--23",
  year =         "1982",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11603-6_1",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 23 23:12:32 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Cody:1982:FPM,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Floating-point parameters, models, and standards",
  crossref =     "Reid:1982:RBN",
  pages =        "51--69",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "G.1.0; D.3.0",
  CRclass =      "G.1.0 General; G.1.0 Computer arithmetic; D.3.0
                 General; D.3.0 Standards",
  descriptor =   "Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General,
                 Computer arithmetic; Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 General, Standards",
  genterm =      "THEORY; STANDARDIZATION",
  guideno =      "10367",
  keywords =     "languages; standardization",
  review =       "ACM CR 8402-0092",
  reviewer =     "Hansen, E",
  subject =      "D.3.0 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, General,
                 Standards \\ G.1.0 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL
                 ANALYSIS, General, Computer arithmetic; G. Mathematics
                 of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; D. Software; D.3
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES",
}

@TechReport{Cody:1982:GPI,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "A Generalization of the Proposed {IEEE} Standard for
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  inst-ANL,
  address =      inst-ANL:adr,
  pages =        "20",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 17 10:40:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Republished in \cite{Cody:1983:GPI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Cody:1982:ITF,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "Implementation and Testing of Function Software",
  crossref =     "Messina:1982:PMM",
  pages =        "24--47",
  year =         "1982",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11603-6_1",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 24 01:18:12 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "range reduction",
}

@Article{Corbett:1982:EAF,
  author =       "R. P. Corbett",
  title =        "Enhanced arithmetic for {Fortran}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "41--48",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley,
                 CA, USA",
  keywords =     "accuracy; arithmetic; digital arithmetic; efficiency;
                 FORTRAN; Fortran; programmers; speed; widest need
                 evaluation",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Dao:1982:KCA,
  author =       "T. T. Dao",
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on
                 Multiple-Valued Logic, May 1982",
  title =        "{Knuth}'s Complex Arithmetic with Quaternary
                 Hardware",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "94--98",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 09:14:13 2009",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Dekker:1982:PCM,
  author =       "T. J. Dekker",
  editor =       "Paul C. Messina and Almerico Murli",
  booktitle =    "Problems and Methodologies in Mathematical Software
                 Production",
  title =        "Program Correctness and Machine Arithmetic",
  volume =       "142",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "48--80",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 1 15:24:45 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       ser-LNCS,
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{DeSautels:1982:ALP,
  author =       "Edouard J. DeSautels",
  title =        "Assembly language programming for {PDP-11} and
                 {LSI-11} computers: an introduction to computer
                 organization",
  publisher =    "William C. Brown Co. Publ.",
  address =      "Dubuque, IA",
  pages =        "574",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-697-08164-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-697-08164-3",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  price =        "US\$21.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "A; C.1.1; D.3; D.3.2; D.3.2",
  content =      "The author has provided material on the Assembler
                 language for the PDP-11 or LSI-11 computers in an
                 original and comprehensive manner. Users of this
                 Assembler or even of this computer should find this
                 text especially valuable as a student text or as a
                 permanent reference. Much of the material in the
                 PDP-11, MACRO-11 Reference Manual, Processor Handbook,
                 Peripheral Handbook, and Terminals and Communications
                 Handbook is organized in this book in a readable,
                 step-by-step manner. Required is access to a PDP-11 (or
                 LSI-11) and some knowledge of programming in a
                 high-level language.\par

                 Topics include the following: \par

                 * Very accessible and detailed material on introduction
                 to computers and programming. It is unlikely that a
                 reader would require much if any prior knowledge of
                 computers.\par

                 * An early introduction to machine language to explain
                 the functioning of a computer, and then a lead-in into
                 Assembler language.\par

                 * Development of the use of registers, Assembler
                 Directives, indexing, immediate operands, arithmetic
                 for signed and unsigned data, subroutines, stacks,
                 passing parameters, input/output, floating-point
                 arithmetic, and more.\par

                 * An interesting chapter, ``Selected Topics,'' covering
                 such subjects as tables, lists, queues, trees, threaded
                 code, and reentrant co",
  CRclass =      "C.1.1 Single Data Stream Architectures; C.1.1 PDP-11;
                 D.3.2 Language Classifications; D.3.2 Language
                 Classifications; D.3.2 Macro and assembly languages;
                 D.3.2 Language Classifications; D.3.2 PDP-11 assembly
                 language",
  CRnumber =     "40452",
  descriptor =   "General Literature, INTRODUCTORY AND SURVEY; Computer
                 Systems Organization, PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES, Single
                 Data Stream Architectures, PDP-11; Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Classifications;
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Macro and assembly languages;
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, PDP-11 assembly language",
  genterm =      "LANGUAGES",
  pubname =      "William C. Brown Co. Publ., Dubuque, IA",
  reviewer =     "P. Abel; Abel, P",
  subject =      "A. General Literature; A.1 INTRODUCTORY AND SURVEY; C.
                 Computer Systems Organization; C.1 PROCESSOR
                 ARCHITECTURES; D. Software; D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES;
                 D. Software; D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES; D. Software;
                 D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES",
}

@Article{Epstein:1982:UAF,
  author =       "C. Epstein and W. L. Miranker and T. J. Rivlin",
  title =        "Ultra-arithmetic {I}: function data types",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMP-SIM,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--18",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "MCSIDR",
  ISSN =         "0378-4754 (print), 1872-7166 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 8 18:01:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "G.1; G.1.2; G.1.2",
  CRclass =      "G.1.5 Roots of Nonlinear Equations; G.1.2
                 Approximation; G.1.2 Chebyshev approximation and
                 theory; G.1.2 Approximation; G.1.2 Elementary function
                 approximation",
  descriptor =   "Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, Roots of
                 Nonlinear Equations; Mathematics of Computing,
                 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, Approximation, Chebyshev
                 approximation and theory; Mathematics of Computing,
                 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, Approximation, Elementary function
                 approximation",
  genterm =      "algorithms",
  guideno =      "09324",
  jrldate =      "Feb. 1982",
  subject =      "G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS;
                 G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; G.
                 Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS",
}

@Article{Epstein:1982:UAI,
  author =       "C. Epstein and W. L. Miranker and T. J. Rivlin",
  title =        "Ultra-arithmetic {II}: intervals of polynomials",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMP-SIM,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--29",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "MCSIDR",
  ISSN =         "0378-4754 (print), 1872-7166 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 8 18:01:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "G.1.2; G.1.1; G.1.0",
  CRclass =      "G.1.2 Approximation; G.1.2 Elementary function
                 approximation; G.1.1 Interpolation; G.1.1 Spline and
                 piecewise polynomial interpolation; G.1.0 General;
                 G.1.0 Error analysis",
  descriptor =   "Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS,
                 Approximation, Elementary function approximation;
                 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS,
                 Interpolation, Spline and piecewise polynomial
                 interpolation; Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL
                 ANALYSIS, General, Error analysis",
  genterm =      "algorithms",
  guideno =      "09325",
  jrldate =      "Feb. 1982",
  subject =      "G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS;
                 G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; G.
                 Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS",
}

@Article{Fateman:1982:HLL,
  author =       "Richard J. Fateman",
  title =        "High-Level Language Implications of the Proposed
                 {IEEE} Floating-Point Standard",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "239--257",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/357162.357168",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:28 2007",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "An IEEE Computer Society working group on
                 floating-point arithmetic has recommended a standard
                 for binary floating-point number formats, operations,
                 and semantics. This paper, which has evolved in part
                 during the deliberations of that committee, describes
                 the significance to languages and, in particular, to
                 FORTRAN and its variants, of various novel features of
                 the recommended standard.",
  acknowledgement = ack-pb,
  checked =      "19940302",
  keywords =     "computer arithmetic; control structures; data types
                 and structures; error handling and recovery;
                 floating-point arithmetic; FORTRAN; run-time
                 environments",
  source =       "Dept. Library",
}

@TechReport{Feldstein:1982:EPI,
  author =       "A. Feldstein and R. Goodman",
  title =        "The evaluation of probability integrals for the loss
                 of significance in floating point subtraction and
                 addition",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "Department of Mathematics, Arizona State University",
  address =      "Tempe, AZ, USA",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 09 09:50:41 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Feldstein:1982:LSF,
  author =       "A. Feldstein and R. Goodman",
  title =        "Loss of Significance in Floating Point Subtraction and
                 Addition",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "328--335",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1676002",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the loss of significant $\beta$its (base
                 $\beta$ digits) in floating point addition or
                 subtraction. To do this, we calculate the conditional
                 probability of a post-arithmetic normalization shift of
                 $m$ $\beta$its, given an exponent difference of $k$
                 $\beta$its. The study is done for various bases
                 $\beta$, under two different assumptions---that the
                 operands are selected at random from the logarithmic
                 distribution or from the uniform distribution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Fulton:1982:BJB,
  author =       "T. A. Fulton and L. N. Dunkleberger",
  title =        "{B.S.T.J.} Briefs: {A} {Josephson} Parallel
                 Multiplier",
  journal =      j-BELL-SYST-TECH-J,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "931--933",
  month =        may # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "BSTJAN",
  ISSN =         "0005-8580",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 9 11:15:56 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://bstj.bell-labs.com/oldfiles/year.1982/BSTJ.1982.6105.html;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://bstj.bell-labs.com/BSTJ/images/Vol61/bstj61-5-931.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Bell System Technical Journal",
}

@Article{Gerrity:1982:CRR,
  author =       "G. W. Gerrity",
  title =        "Computer Representation of Real Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "709--714",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1676076",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:33:14 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676076",
  abstract =     "Hwang's model for the computer representation of real
                 numbers is extended to explicitly distinguish between
                 the representational system used to denote real numbers
                 and the internal encoding of the digits of the
                 representation in the computer memory. The encoding
                 function can then be chosen to preserve certain
                 properties of the real number system and to optimize
                 the computer arithmetic in a sense to be described
                 herein. Two examples of optimal computer arithmetics
                 are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Goodrich:1982:VEP,
  author =       "J. L. Goodrich",
  title =        "Very efficient 8080 program multiplies and divides",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONICS,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "144--145",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1982",
  ISSN =         "0883-4989",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Gordon:1982:BFS,
  author =       "E. Gordon and C. Hastings",
  booktitle =    "Conference Record, SOUTHCON, 1982",
  title =        "Big, Fast and Simple Algorithms, Architecture and
                 Components for High-end Minis",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 18:54:03 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Paper 21/3.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hantler:1982:ESS,
  author =       "S. L. Hantler and A. H. Karp",
  title =        "Exponential by Sequential Squaring",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "171--173",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:09 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Hull:1982:PCE,
  author =       "T. E. Hull",
  title =        "Precision Control, Exception Handling and a Choice of
                 Numerical Algorithms",
  crossref =     "Watson:1982:NAP",
  pages =        "169--178",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "Proposes precision control as later provided in
                 Numerical Turing.",
}

@InProceedings{Hull:1982:UCP,
  author =       "T. E. Hull",
  title =        "The uses of controlled precision",
  crossref =     "Reid:1982:RBN",
  pages =        "71--82",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 04 12:57:37 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  xxpages =      "71--84",
}

@Article{Hwang:1982:PMA,
  author =       "Kai Hwang and Yeng-Heng Cheng",
  title =        "Partitioned Matrix Algorithms for {VLSI} Arithmetic
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1215--1224",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1675945",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:33:17 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675945",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Jenkins:1982:FRD,
  author =       "W. Jenkins",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '82",
  title =        "Failure resistant digital filters based on residue
                 number system product codes",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "60--63",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19820632",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Residue number system product codes are proposed for
                 the design of self-checking digital filters. It is
                 shown that product codes require redundancy that is
                 similar to, but slightly less than that of systematic
                 codes for simultaneous overflow \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Jenkins:1982:RNS,
  author =       "W. K. Jenkins",
  title =        "Residue number system error checking using expanded
                 projection",
  journal =      j-ELECT-LETTERS,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "927--928",
  day =          "14",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ELLEAK",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19820632",
  ISSN =         "0013-5194",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=4246948",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A new concept called expanded projection is presented
                 that simplifies the process of error detection and
                 location in redundant residue number codes. Expanded
                 projection simplifies the circuit complexity of the
                 error checker, resulting in a structure \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Kahan:1982:NOS,
  author =       "W. Kahan and Jerome T. Coonen",
  title =        "The Near Orthogonality of Syntax, Semantics, and
                 Diagnostics in Numerical Programming Environments",
  crossref =     "Reid:1982:RBN",
  pages =        "103--115",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "D.3; G.1.0; F.3.2; D.2.5; D.2; D.3",
  content =      "Programmers of early computers had to content
                 themselves with what the machine designers offered and
                 be glad that the hardware worked at all. Later, with
                 the introduction of higher-level languages, the
                 computing environment was modified by the language
                 designers who attempted to resolve a three-cornered
                 tug-of-war among implementation efficiency, program
                 portability, and usefulness to the programmer. The
                 conflict between the first two resulted in languages
                 that reflected the least common denominator of
                 available hardware, since language designers were
                 disinclined to mention any capability not available on
                 all computers. A case in point is floating-point
                 arithmetic, where the subtleties of overflow,
                 underflow, and rounding are generally well beyond the
                 control of the programmer in a high-level language. The
                 new standard for binary floating-point arithmetic that
                 has been proposed by IEEE Computer Society's
                 Floating-Point Committee, Task P754 [1], makes an
                 attempt to escape from this situation. It represents
                 the Committee's view of the floating-point requirements
                 of the \ldots{}",
  CRclass =      "D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory; G.1.0 General;
                 G.1.0 Computer arithmetic; F.3.2 Semantics of
                 Programming Languages; F.3.2 Algebraic approaches to
                 semantics; D.2.5 Testing and Debugging; D.2.5
                 Diagnostics; D.2.6 Programming Environments; D.3.3
                 Language Constructs",
  CRnumber =     "8401-0021",
  descriptor =   "Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions
                 and Theory; Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL
                 ANALYSIS, General, Computer arithmetic; Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Semantics
                 of Programming Languages, Algebraic approaches to
                 semantics; Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Testing and
                 Debugging, Diagnostics; Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
                 Programming Environments; Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs",
  genterm =      "LANGUAGES; STANDARDIZATION",
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
  remark =       "This article forms the body of \cite[Chapter
                 3]{Coonen:1984:CPS}.",
  reviewer =     "M. Marcotty; Marcotty, M",
  source =       "in the relationship between numerical computation and
                 programming languages. Proc. IFIP TC2 working
                 conference (Boulder, CO, Aug. 3--7, 1981) J. K. Reid
                 (Ed.) Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., New York, 1982",
  subject =      "D. Software; D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES; G. Mathematics
                 of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; F. Theory of
                 Computation; F.3 LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS; D.
                 Software; D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; D. Software; D.2
                 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; D. Software; D.3 PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES",
}

@Book{Katzan:1982:IAA,
  author =       "Harry Katzan",
  title =        "Invitation to {Ada} and {Ada} reference manual ({July
                 1980})",
  publisher =    "PBI",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 429",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-89433-132-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89433-132-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A35 K37 1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 06:37:40 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See \cite[p. 1.10]{Coonen:1984:CPS} for negative
                 comments about the floating-point model for Ada in this
                 book.",
  subject =      "Ada (computer program language)",
}

@InProceedings{Kerkhoff:1982:LDM,
  author =       "H. G. Kerkhoff and H. A. J. Robroek",
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on
                 Multiple-Valued Logic, May 1982",
  title =        "The Logic Design of Multiple-valued Logic Functions
                 Using {CCD}'s",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "35--44",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 09:16:45 2009",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Korn:1982:EDF,
  author =       "G. A. Korn",
  title =        "{EARLY DESIRE}: a floating-point equation language
                 simulation system for minicomputers and
                 microcomputers",
  journal =      j-SIMULATION,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "151--159",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SIMUA2",
  ISSN =         "0037-5497",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "I.6; G; D.4.7",
  CRclass =      "I.6.2 Simulation Languages; D.4.7 Organization and
                 Design; D.4.7 Interactive systems",
  descriptor =   "Computing Methodologies, SIMULATION AND MODELING,
                 Simulation Languages; Mathematics of Computing,
                 MISCELLANEOUS; Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS,
                 Organization and Design, Interactive systems",
  genterm =      "DESIGN; LANGUAGES",
  guideno =      "08785",
  subject =      "I. Computing Methodologies; I.6 SIMULATION AND
                 MODELING; G. Mathematics of Computing; G.m
                 MISCELLANEOUS; D. Software; D.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS",
}

@Article{Leuprecht:1982:PAR,
  author =       "H. Leuprecht and W. Oberaigner",
  title =        "Parallel Algorithms for the Rounding-Exact Summation
                 of Floating-Point Numbers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "89--104",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "68A05 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "83c:68009",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 11:53:42 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@Article{McCormick:1982:EFM,
  author =       "S. F. McCormick and G. D. Taylor and D. V. Pryor",
  title =        "Evaluation of Functions on Microcomputers: $\ln(x)$",
  journal =      j-COMP-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "389--392",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 18:41:01 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  xxmonth =      "(none)",
}

@Article{Monroe:1982:FFP,
  author =       "Alfred J. Monroe",
  title =        "{Forth} Floating Point Package",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "16--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Oklobdzija:1982:LSR,
  author =       "V. G. Oklobdzija and M. D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "An On-Line Square Root Algorithm",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--75",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1675887",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:33:09 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1675887",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Palmer:1982:VRN,
  author =       "J. F. Palmer",
  title =        "{VLSI} and the Revolution in Numeric Computation",
  crossref =     "Ruschitzka:1982:IWC",
  pages =        "339--341",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InCollection{Phillips:1982:BC,
  author =       "E. William Phillips",
  title =        "Binary Calculation",
  crossref =     "Randell:1982:ODC",
  pages =        "303--314",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:51:37 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The 1936 epigraph credited to this author in
                 \cite[Chapter 7]{Coonen:1984:CPS} says: ``The ultimate
                 aim is to persuade all of the civilized world to
                 abandon the decimal numeration and to use octonal in
                 its place; to discontinue counting in tens and to count
                 in eights instead. However, it seems unlikely that the
                 whole civilized world will be persuaded to complete
                 this change during the next twelve months, having
                 previously declined similar invitations.''",
}

@InProceedings{Rall:1982:ACA,
  author =       "L. B. Rall",
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 1982 Army Numerical Analysis and
                 Computers Conference}",
  title =        "Accurate computer arithmetic for scientific
                 computation",
  volume =       "82--83",
  publisher =    "US Army Research Office",
  address =      "Research Triangle Park, NC, USA",
  pages =        "343--356",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 21:52:01 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Two volumes.",
  URL =          "http://books.google.com/books?id=pFb-QQAACAAJ",
  abstract =     "The operations of accurate arithmetic can be
                 implemented easily on a microcomputer or a computer
                 with microprogrammable arithmetic operations. In
                 addition, for accurate final results, a compiler is
                 necessary which will select the appropriate operations.
                 A language of this type (PASCAL-SC) was developed.
                 Along with accurate real arithmetic, this compiler
                 provides accurate complex arithmetic, real and complex
                 interval arithmetic, and vector and matrix arithmetic
                 over these data types. Some features of PASCAL-SC
                 related to scientific and engineering computation are
                 described. In most cases, the operations of accurate
                 arithmetic are performed at the same speed as ordinary
                 (uncontrolled) floating-point arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bookpages =    "xiv + 606",
  keywords =     "analysis (mathematics); arithmetic; computation;
                 microcomputers; microprogramming; Pascal (programming
                 language)",
  meetingname =  "Army Numerical Analysis and Computers Conference (1982
                 : Vicksburg, Miss.)",
  remark =       "The theme of the 1982 Conference was Grid Techniques
                 for Partial Differential Equations.",
  subject =      "Numerical analysis; Computer programs; Congresses;
                 Numerical Mathematics. Computer Hardware. Computers.
                 Partial differential equations. Symposia. Numerical
                 analysis. Grids. Computations. Methodology.
                 Mathematical programming. Finite difference theory.
                 Finite element analysis. Boundaries. Hydrodynamics. Gas
                 dynamics. Interior ballistics. Autofrettage. Land
                 mines. Blast loads. Conduction(heat transfer) Magnet
                 coils. Water waves. Currents",
  xxtitle =      "Accurate arithmetic for scientific computation",
  xxvolume =     "82-3",
}

@InProceedings{Ramnarayan:1982:AER,
  author =       "R. Ramnarayan and F. Taylor",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '82",
  title =        "Analysis of errors in residue number system ({RNS})
                 based {IIR} digital filters",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "56--59",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19820632",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The problem of analyzing errors in Residue Number
                 System (RNS) based IIR Digital filters is considered in
                 this paper. There are basically three types of errors
                 in RNS based digital filters, They are coefficient
                 quantization errors(1), scaling errors \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Rix:1982:UQA,
  author =       "P. Rix",
  title =        "{Universeller Quad\-rat\-wurz\-el-Al\-go\-rith\-mus}
                 \toenglish {Universal Square Root Algorithms}
                 \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIK,
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "81--82",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "EKRKAR",
  ISSN =         "0013-5658",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Rump:1982:CR,
  author =       "S. M. Rump",
  title =        "{Computer und Rechengenauigkeit} \toenglish {Computer
                 and Computational Precision} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "268--277",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ELRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0013-5720",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 10 12:41:06 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Sacks-Davis:1982:ARN,
  author =       "R. Sacks-Davis",
  title =        "Applications of Redundant Number Representations to
                 Decimal Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "471--477",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/tiff/471.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/tiff/472.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/tiff/473.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/tiff/474.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/tiff/475.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/tiff/476.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_25/Issue_04/tiff/477.tif",
  abstract =     "A decimal arithmetic unit is proposed for both integer
                 and floating-point computations. To achieve comparable
                 speed to a binary arithmetic unit, the decimal unit is
                 based on a redundant number representation. With this
                 representation no loss of compactness is made relative
                 to binary coded decimal (BCD) form. In this paper the
                 hardware required for the implementation of the basic
                 operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and
                 division are described and the properties of
                 floating-point arithmetic based on a redundant number
                 representation are investigated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5260 (Digital signal processing)",
  classification = "721; 723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Monash Univ., Clayton, Vic.,
                 Australia",
  keywords =     "addition; binary; binary arithmetic unit; coded
                 decimal; computers, digital; decimal floating-point
                 arithmetic; digital arithmetic; division; floating
                 point arithmetic; floating-point; integer;
                 multiplication; redundant number representations;
                 subtraction",
  remark =       "The redundant number representation postpones the need
                 to carry during add, subtract, multiply, and divide,
                 delaying it until the final rounding step in a store
                 instruction. See
                 \cite{Fahmy:2003:CRF,Fahmy:2003:RDF}.",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Samsen:1982:AFP,
  author =       "G. R. Samsen",
  title =        "An Advanced Floating Point Processor to Enhance Speed
                 of Mathematical Processing",
  crossref =     "Southcon:1982:SCR",
  pages =        "16/1/1--3",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Sasaki:1982:EGE,
  author =       "T. Sasaki and H. Murao",
  key =          "Symbolic_determinant; Symbolic_linear_systems;
                 Gaussian_elimination",
  title =        "Efficient {Gaussian} elimination method for symbolic
                 determinants and linear systems",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "277--289",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/356004.356007",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "F.2; G.1.3; I.1.2",
  content =      "The computation of the solution of a linear system
                 whose entries are indeterminates or polynomials is of
                 interest both for theoretic and practical reasons. The
                 similar problem of computing the determinant is
                 important because of the relationship of the
                 determinant and resultant to factorization, polynomial
                 greatest-common-divisor calculations, and computation
                 with algebraic functions. Engineering application areas
                 of this material include the analysis of electrical or
                 other networks.\par

                 These computation problems are quite distinct from
                 others which would appear to be superficially similar,
                 namely numerical linear algebra problems. The result of
                 computing a numerical determinant is a floating point
                 number with an associated error. The result of
                 computing an exact algebraic determinant is, typically,
                 a large expression whose terms may be rearranged into
                 various ``factored'' forms for savings in computation
                 time and space. This answer has no error
                 whatsoever.\par

                 Clever and efficient programs in each domain have been
                 shown to be disastrous in the other. Thus one of the
                 best algebraic techniques for determinant calculations
                 for ``sparse polynomial'' matrices is expansion by
                 minors [1]; whereas Gaussian elimination is far
                 superior \ldots{}",
  CRclass =      "F.2.1 Numerical Algorithms and Problems; G.1.3
                 Numerical Linear Algebra; G.1.3 Linear systems (direct
                 and iterative methods); I.1.2 Algorithms; I.1.2
                 Algebraic algorithms",
  CRnumber =     "40106",
  descriptor =   "Theory of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND
                 PROBLEM COMPLEXITY, Numerical Algorithms and Problems;
                 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, Numerical
                 Linear Algebra, Linear systems (direct and iterative
                 methods); Computing Methodologies, ALGEBRAIC
                 MANIPULATION, Algorithms, Algebraic algorithms",
  genterm =      "ALGORITHMS; PERFORMANCE",
  reviewer =     "R. J. Fateman; Fateman, R. J",
  subject =      "F. Theory of Computation; F.2 ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
                 AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY; G. Mathematics of Computing;
                 G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; I. Computing Methodologies; I.1
                 ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION",
}

@Article{Sasaki:1982:PFM,
  author =       "T. Sasaki and Y. Kanada",
  title =        "Practically Fast Multiple Precision Evaluation of
                 {LOG} (${X}$)",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "247--250",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 8 08:20:54 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Schatte:1982:FPF,
  author =       "P. Schatte",
  title =        "The Frequency of Postshifts in Floating-Point
                 Multiplication",
  journal =      "Elektronische Informationsverarbeitung und
                 Kybernetik",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "523--526",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Sewell:1982:RLT,
  author =       "B. T. Sewell",
  title =        "A Rapid Lookup Table Method for Trigonometric
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "885--887",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "algorithms",
  subject =      "G Mathematics of Computing, MISCELLANEOUS \\ J.2
                 Computer Applications, PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND
                 ENGINEERING, Chemistry",
}

@MastersThesis{Sippel:1982:FRI,
  author =       "Timothy N. Sippel",
  title =        "Floating {RISCS}: implementation and analysis of
                 floating point on {RISC} {I}",
  type =         "Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Master of
                 Science Report",
  school =       "University of California, Dept. of Electrical
                 Engineering and Computer Sciences",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sips:1982:CPM,
  author =       "H. J. Sips",
  title =        "Comments on {``An $O(n)$ Parallel Multiplier with
                 Bit-Sequential Input and Output''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "325--327",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1676000",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:33:11 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676000",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Strader:1982:CBS,
  author =       "N. R. Strader and V. T. Rhyne",
  title =        "A Canonical Bit-Sequential Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "791--795",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1676085",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:33:14 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676085",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Tan:1982:ADC,
  author =       "Chung-I Tan and B. McInnis",
  title =        "Adaptive digital control implemented using residue
                 number systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "499--502",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CDC.1981.269326",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See comments \cite{Pei:1984:CAD}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=24189",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The application of residue number systems for the
                 implementation of adaptive digital controllers is
                 presented. Division operations are avoided through the
                 use of iteration to solve for the value of the control.
                 Decoding computations are simplified \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Taylor:1982:ARM,
  author =       "F. J. Taylor and C. H. Huang",
  title =        "An Autoscale Residue Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "321--325",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1675999",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 09 19:30:01 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Taylor:1982:VRA,
  author =       "F. J. Taylor",
  title =        "A {VLSI} Residue Arithmetic Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-31",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "540--546",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1676036",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:33:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676036",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Teachey:1982:SRX,
  author =       "R. D. Teachey",
  title =        "Square-Root-{X} Comparison --- New Results
                 Discovered",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--5",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MM.1982.290929",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{TorresyQuevedo:1982:EAD,
  author =       "Leonardo {Torres y Quevedo}",
  title =        "Essays on Automatics --- Its Definitions ---
                 Theoretical Extent of its Applications (1914)",
  crossref =     "Randell:1982:ODC",
  pages =        "89--107",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 03 08:36:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This translation and reprint contains a description of
                 what is believed to be the first design, albeit purely
                 theoretical, and for an electromechanical device, of
                 floating-point arithmetic. See, however, the
                 independent work, and first practical implementation of
                 floating-point arithmetic of Zuse
                 \cite{Zuse:1982:MAE,Zuse:1982:OCD}.",
}

@Article{Turner:1982:DLS,
  author =       "Peter R. Turner",
  title =        "The distribution of leading significant digits",
  journal =      j-IMA-J-NUMER-ANAL,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "407--412",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IJNADH",
  ISSN =         "0272-4979 (print), 1464-3642 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-4979",
  MRclass =      "65G99 (60E05)",
  MRnumber =     "84f:65038",
  MRreviewer =   "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 23 17:06:35 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law",
}

@Article{Ware:1982:BMF,
  author =       "F. A. Ware and W. H. McAllister and J. R. Carlson and
                 D. K. Sun and R. J. Vlach",
  title =        "64 Bit Monolithic Floating Point Processors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-J-SOLID-STATE-CIRCUITS,
  volume =       "SC-17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "898--907",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IJSCBC",
  ISSN =         "0018-9200",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "Describes a set of three processor chips capable of
                 performing 32 and 64 bit floating point add/subtract,
                 multiply, and divide operations. The chips can perform
                 over one million scalar floating point operations per
                 second, and over four million vector \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Waser:1982:IAD,
  author =       "Shlomo Waser and Michael J. Flynn",
  title =        "Introduction to Arithmetic for Digital Systems
                 Designers",
  publisher =    pub-HRW,
  address =      pub-HRW:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 308",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-03-060571-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-03-060571-0",
  LCCN =         "TK7895 A65 W37 1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 03 09:25:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Master copy output on Alphatype CRS high-resolution
                 phototypesetter. This book went to press while the IEEE
                 754 Floating-Point Standard was still in development;
                 consequently, some of the material on that system was
                 invalidated by the final Standard (1985)
                 \cite{IEEE:1985:AIS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Preface\\
                 Acknowledgments\\
                 Abbreviations and Symbols\\
                 1. Numeric Data Representation\\
                 2. Residue Numbers and the Limits of Fast Arithmetic\\
                 3. Addition and Subtraction\\
                 4. Multiplication\\
                 5. Division\\
                 6. Pipelining of Arithmetic Operations\\
                 Appendix.\\
                 References.\\
                 Index.",
}

@InCollection{Wilson:1982:PC,
  author =       "Kenneth G. Wilson",
  title =        "Experiences with a floating point systems array
                 processor",
  crossref =     "Rodrigue:1982:AC",
  pages =        "279--314",
  year =         "1982",
  MRclass =      "65W05",
  MRnumber =     "759 559",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Wu:1982:DFA,
  author =       "Market Wen-Han Wu",
  title =        "Design of a fast addressable hardware floating-point
                 arithmetic package for small computer",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Tufts University. Dept. of Engineering",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  pages =        "iii + 102",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Microcomputers ---
                 Programming.",
}

@InCollection{Zuse:1982:MAE,
  author =       "Konrad Zuse",
  title =        "Method for Automatic Execution of Calculations with
                 the aid of Computers (1936)",
  crossref =     "Randell:1982:ODC",
  pages =        "163--170",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 03 08:36:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This translation and reprint of a German patent
                 application of 11 April 1936 briefly describes the
                 floating-point system that was first successfully
                 implemented in a digital computer, the Zuse Z3, in
                 1941.",
}

@InProceedings{Agrawal:1983:DPV,
  author =       "Dharma P. Agrawal and Girish C. Pathak and Nikunja K.
                 Swain and Shuwan K. Agrawal",
  title =        "On Design and Performance of {VLSI} Based Parallel
                 Multiplier",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "17--21",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Agrawal_Pathak_Swain_Agrawal.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper introduces the VLSI design and layout of a
                 $(\log^2 n)$ time $n$-bit binary parallel multiplier
                 for two unsigned operands. Proposed design consists of
                 partitioning the multiplier and multiplicand bits into
                 four groups of $n/4$ bits each and then reducing the
                 matrix of sixteen product terms using three to two
                 parallel counters and Brent-Kung $(\log n)$ time
                 parallel adder. Area-time performance of the present
                 scheme has been compared with the existing schemes for
                 parallel multipliers. Regular and recursive design of
                 the multiplier is shown to be suitable for VLSI
                 implementation and an improved table look up multiplier
                 has been used to form the basis of the recursive design
                 scheme.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Agrawal:1983:ICA,
  author =       "D. P. Agrawal and T. R. N. Rao",
  title =        "Introduction: Computer Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "329--330",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676232",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676232",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Akamine:1983:SMQ,
  author =       "Masami Akamine and Tatsuo Higuchi",
  title =        "Synthesis of minimum quantization error digital
                 filters using floating-point arithmetic",
  journal =      j-ELECTRON-COMMUN-JPN,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "29--38",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ECOJAL",
  ISSN =         "0424-8368",
  MRclass =      "94A12",
  MRnumber =     "85k:94010",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Annaratone:1983:MME,
  author =       "M. Annaratone and R. Stefanelli",
  title =        "A Multiplier with Multiple Error Correction
                 Capability",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "44--51",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Annaratone_Stefanelli.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a technique for increasing the
                 reliability of arithmetic units. An error model is then
                 presented: this model well represents the faulty
                 behavior of many arithmetic units. The Residue Number
                 System and its related properties are used in order to
                 obtain a simple architecture (called Reliability
                 Network, R-Net). The main characteristics of the
                 presented technique are a significant reduction in the
                 number of gates and a limited increase of global
                 execution times. The extensive use of combinational
                 logic makes it possible to implement the R-Net almost
                 completely by means of Programmable Logic Arrays
                 (PLA's). Finally, both the intrinsic regularity of the
                 R-Net and its simple internal interconnection scheme
                 make this approach suitable for a practical VLSI
                 implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Asai:1983:CPI,
  author =       "H. Asai",
  title =        "A Consideration of a Practical Implementation For a
                 New Convergence Division",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "273--281",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Asai:1983:SOM,
  author =       "Hitohisa Asai and C. K. Cheng",
  title =        "Speeding Up an Overrelaxation Method of Division in
                 Radix-$2^n$ Machine",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "216--220",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:22:06 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm26.html#AsaiC83;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "arithmetic",
  oldlabel =     "AsaiC83",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/AsaiC83",
}

@MastersThesis{Aspinwall:1983:IIF,
  author =       "David Brian Masters Aspinwall",
  title =        "An implementation of the {IEEE} floating point
                 standard on a {VAX-11\slash 780}",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "San Francisco State University",
  address =      "San Francisco, CA, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 138",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer architecture.; Floating-point arithmetic.;
                 Microprogramming.; VAX-11 (Computer) --- Programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Avizienis:1983:AAE,
  author =       "Algirdas Avizienis and C. S. Raghavendra",
  title =        "Applications for Arithmetic Error Codes in Large,
                 High-Performance Computers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "169--173",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Avizienis_Raghavendra.pdf",
  abstract =     "Large, high-performance computers are too costly to
                 allow full replication for fault detection and error
                 correction in the communication and processing of
                 numerical information. For this reason more
                 cost-effective arithmetic error code applications offer
                 an attractive alternative.\par

                 Part I of this paper presents a generalization of
                 low-cost inverse residue codes into two-dimensional
                 encodings. Error detecting and error correcting
                 properties of two-dimensional inverse residue codes are
                 discussed.\par

                 Part II discusses a multi-phase application of inverse
                 residue codes in which the form of encoding is altered
                 and additional time is allocated after faults occur.
                 The goal is to defer repair and to continue operation
                 at a slower speed until scheduled maintenance can take
                 place.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Bandeira:1983:TCA,
  author =       "N. Bandeira and K. Vaccaro and J. A. Howard",
  title =        "A Two's Complement Array Multiplier Using True Values
                 of the Operands",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "745--747",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676312",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:11 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676312",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Banerji:1983:RPF,
  author =       "D. K. Banerji and S. Kaushik",
  title =        "Representation and Processing of Fractions in a
                 Residue System",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "29--36",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Banerji_Kaushik.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper proposes a scheme for the representation
                 and processing of fractions in a residue system. The
                 scheme is based on a mixed radix representation of a
                 fraction in a residue system. The algorithms for basic
                 arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, and
                 multiplication involving fractions are developed and
                 are shown to provide some improvement over an existing
                 method. Application of these algorithms to division of
                 two integers in the residue system has been shown.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; residue number systems",
}

@Article{Baxter:1983:CRS,
  author =       "I. Baxter",
  title =        "Code replication speeds multiplication",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "261--262",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Bayoumi:1983:MVI,
  author =       "M. A. Bayoumi and G. A. Jullien and W. C. Miller",
  title =        "Models for {VLSI} Implementation of Residue Number
                 System Arithmetic Modules",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "174--183",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Bayoumi_Jullien_Miller.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper discusses the implementation of RNS
                 arithmetic modules using VLSI technology. The modules
                 are based on the interconnection of readonly memory
                 look-up tables. The paper first outlines a memory model
                 for a single look-up table which allows the selection
                 of the most efficient layout for memories which do not
                 have power of $2$ dimensions. The paper then discusses
                 various examples of interconnected memory modules with
                 associated optimizing layout algorithms. Finally, an
                 example is given of the application of one of the
                 modules to a large prime modulus multiplier.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; residue number systems",
}

@InProceedings{Bhat:1983:HPF,
  author =       "J. Bhat",
  title =        "High Performance Floating Point Co-Processor for
                 Protected Multi-User Systems",
  crossref =     "Mini-Micro:1983:MMN",
  pages =        "7/2/1--5",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Boney:1983:FPPa,
  author =       "J. Boney and V. Shahan",
  title =        "Floating-point Power for the {M68000} Family",
  crossref =     "Mini-Micro:1983:MMN",
  pages =        "7/3/1--9",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Boney:1983:FPPb,
  author =       "J. Boney and V. Shahan",
  title =        "Floating-point Power for the {M68000} Family",
  crossref =     "Mini-Micro:1983:MMW",
  pages =        "16/5/1--10",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 12 22:01:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Brown:1983:NEA,
  author =       "W. S. Brown and C. S. Wetherell",
  title =        "A Numeric Error Algebra",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "86--93",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Brown_Wetherell.pdf",
  abstract =     "Wetherell recently described an algebra of error
                 values that could be added to the ordinary arithmetic
                 of a programming language. Along with ordinary
                 arithmetic values, error values were included in the
                 set of computational quantities. The error values could
                 participate in all arithmetic operations and return
                 meaningful results. Unfortunately, the definitions of
                 the error values were not precise enough. Using Brown's
                 model of computer arithmetic, we supply precise
                 definitions for the error values, define the
                 fundamental arithmetic operations on the new values,
                 comment on their properties, and discuss briefly how
                 they might be used and implemented. We also compare our
                 model to the error handling features of the proposed
                 IEEE floating point standard",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Bushard:1983:MTS,
  author =       "L. B. Bushard",
  title =        "A Minimum Table Size Result for Higher Radix
                 Nonrestoring Division",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "521--526",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676273",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:09 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676273",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Caraiscos:1983:REA,
  author =       "C. Caraiscos and Bede Liu",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing: ICASSP '83",
  title =        "A round-off error analysis of the {LMS} adaptive
                 algorithm",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "29--32",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:04 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The steady state output error of the Least Mean Square
                 (LMS) Adaptive Algorithm due to the finite precision
                 arithmetic of a digital processor is analyzed. It is
                 found to consist of three terms: (1) the error due to
                 the input data quantization, (2) \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Chamrad:1983:FFP,
  author =       "V. Chamrad",
  title =        "A Fast Floating-Point Square-Rooting Routine for the
                 8080\slash 8085 Microprocessors",
  journal =      j-KYBERNETIKA,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "335--344",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "KYBNAI",
  ISSN =         "0023-5954",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 14 20:24:32 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Chang:1983:HSN,
  author =       "Tung-Liang Chang and P. Fisher",
  title =        "High-speed normalization and rounding circuits for
                 pipelined floating-point processors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1403--1408",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 08:40:53 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "A fast leading/trailing-zero detection circuit
                 (LZDC/TZDC) is described, and then applied to the
                 design of a pipelined floating-point (FLP) processor.
                 This circuit has a total delay of 5{\Delta} and a
                 hardware complexity of(m + 1)(3 log_{2}(p) + 4
                 \ldots{}).",
}

@Article{Chow:1983:PDA,
  author =       "P. Chow and Z. Vranesic and Jui Lin Yen",
  title =        "A Pipelined Distributed Arithmetic {PFFT} Processor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1128--1136",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676173",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:13 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Anonymous:1984:CPD}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676173",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Ciminiera:1983:FIM,
  author =       "L. Ciminiera and A. Serra",
  title =        "Fast Iterative Multiplying Array",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "60--66",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Ciminiera_Serra.pdf",
  abstract =     "A high speed multiplying array is presented. It is
                 based on a new cell, which is able to generate and add
                 a rectangular block of elementary products. A careful
                 design of the cell allows us to obtain a small delay
                 for the signals which should be propagated through the
                 whole array. This feature leads to a remarkable
                 improvement in the array speed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Cloutier:1983:PAR,
  author =       "Mark J. Cloutier and Matthew J. Friedman",
  title =        "Precision Averaging for Real-Time Analysis",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "525--529",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:31:47 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm26.html#CloutierF83;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  oldlabel =     "CloutierF83",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/CloutierF83",
}

@InProceedings{Cody:1983:GPI,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "A generalization of the proposed {IEEE} standard for
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  crossref =     "Gentle:1983:CSS",
  pages =        "133--139",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 17 10:41:05 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Republication of \cite{Cody:1982:GPI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "standardization",
  subject =      "G.1.0 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS,
                 General, Computer arithmetic \\ K.7 Computing Milieux,
                 THE COMPUTING PROFESSION, Miscellaneous \\ K.1
                 Computing Milieux, THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY, Standards",
}

@Article{Cohen:1983:CCP,
  author =       "Marty S. Cohen and T. E. Hull and V. Carl Hamacher",
  title =        "{CADAC}: {A} Controlled-Precision Decimal Arithmetic
                 Unit",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "370--377",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676238",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676238",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the design of an arithmetic unit
                 called CADAC (clean arithmetic with decimal base and
                 controlled precision). Programming language
                 specifications for carrying out `ideal' floating-point
                 arithmetic are described first. These specifications
                 include detailed requirements for dynamic precision
                 control and exception handling, along with both complex
                 and interval arithmetic at the level of a programming
                 language such as Fortran or PL/I.\par

                 CADAC is an arithmetic unit which performs the four
                 floating-point operations add\slash subtract\slash
                 multiply\slash divide on decimal numbers in such a way
                 as to support all the language requirements
                 efficiently. A three-level pipeline is used to overlap
                 two-digit-at-a-time serial processing of the partial
                 products\slash remainders. Although the logic design is
                 relatively complex, the performance is efficient, and
                 the advantages gained by implementing
                 programmer-controlled precision directly in the
                 hardware are significant.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-jr,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "decimal floating-point arithmetic",
  remark =       "From MFC: Normalized decimal floating-point. Need for
                 variable precision (intermediate > final, increasing
                 precision, etc.). Base representation is BCD (2-32
                 digits). Hardware prototype built",
}

@Article{Collis:1983:MSZ,
  author =       "B. Collis",
  title =        "Macros speed 8080, {Z80} multiplication",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "24",
  pages =        "225",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Corbett:1983:EAF,
  author =       "Robert Paul Corbett",
  title =        "Enhanced arithmetic for {Fortran}",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 12 07:50:11 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Coupe:1983:SPZ,
  author =       "B. Coupe",
  title =        "Superefficient programs for 8080 and {Z80} multiply",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONICS,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "142--143",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1983",
  ISSN =         "0883-4989",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Dadda:1983:SSF,
  author =       "L. Dadda",
  title =        "Some Schemes for Fast Serial Input Multipliers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "52--59",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Dadda.pdf",
  abstract =     "The design of fast multipliers for binary numbers
                 represented in serial form is considered according to a
                 general scheme composed by an array generator and a
                 summator. The bits of the product are generated with
                 the least delay with respect to the operators bits. The
                 array generator computes the elements of the multiplier
                 array. The summator computes the sum of the array
                 elements in order to generate the product bits. The
                 array elements can be generated according to two
                 different general schemes: the first computes all the
                 new array elements at each step (arranged on a diagonal
                 and on a row of the multiplier array), the second
                 computes the multiplier array elements column by
                 column. Several schemes of array generators are given
                 and compared, and for each of them a suitable summator
                 using parallel counters is illustrated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@InProceedings{Dao:1983:QCA,
  author =       "T. T. Dao",
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on
                 Multiple-valued Logic, May 1983",
  title =        "A Quaternary Cellular Array Complex Number
                 Multiplier",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "255--262",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 09:15:45 2009",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Davis:1983:HSD,
  author =       "George R. Davis and Thomas M. King",
  title =        "A High-Speed Digital Divider",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-INSTRUM-MEAS,
  volume =       "IM-32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "309--312",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IEIMAO",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIM.1983.4315069",
  ISSN =         "0018-9456",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 08 22:43:51 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an efficient method for
                 generating the quotient of two binary numbers at speeds
                 comparable to existing multiplier chips. A digital
                 divider is designed using the BEST LINE segmentation
                 approximation. The reciprocal curve is subdivided into
                 small sections, and a least squares straight line
                 approximation is used to recreate each section. An
                 analysis is presented to determine the segmentation
                 granularity and the binary word length of constants
                 needed to closely approximate the curve. A compromise
                 design based on statistical performance as well as the
                 complexity of the hardware requirements are
                 evaluated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Instrument \& Measurement",
}

@Article{Demsky:1983:MMC,
  author =       "J. Demsky and M. Schlesinger and R. D. Kent",
  title =        "Micro/mini computer program for calculating the square
                 root of rationals at arbitrary precision",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "237--244",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 13 10:28:04 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1980.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010465583900048",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
}

@Article{Dietrich:1983:VQF,
  author =       "D. Dietrich",
  title =        "{Verfahren zur L{\"o}sung von Quadratwurzeln f{\"u}r
                 Mikrorechnerprozeduren} \toenglish {Methods for the
                 Solution of Square Roots for Microprocessor
                 Subroutines} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELEKTRONIKER,
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "EL-1--EL-6",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ELKRBL",
  ISSN =         "0531-9218",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:05:49 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Donthi:1983:BSM,
  author =       "Ravindra V. Donthi and Mohammed Saleem and Harpreet
                 Singh",
  title =        "On Bit Sequential Multipliers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "104--108",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Donthi_Saleem_Singh.pdf",
  abstract =     "Recently bit sequential multiplier algorithms have
                 been found more useful in the area of interconnection
                 of multiple processors within a VLSI structure [1],
                 [2]. The object of the present paper is to suggest
                 modified bit sequential algorithms to achieve more
                 speed and to attain its conformity with other
                 algorithms such as division, square-rooting, etc. with
                 a view to utilize them in future arithmetic arrays. In
                 the present paper the following has been taken up: (a)
                 Bit sequential multiplier using carry look-ahead
                 technique, (b) Bit sequential multiplier using most
                 significant bit first,and (c) Negabinary bit sequential
                 multiplier.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Dubrulle:1983:CNM,
  author =       "Augustin A. Dubrulle",
  title =        "Class of Numerical Methods for the Computation of
                 {Pythagorean} Sums",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "582--589",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:26:59 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Moler:1983:RSR} and generalization
                 \cite{Jamieson:1989:RCI}.",
  abstract =     "Moler and Morrison have described an iterative
                 algorithm for the computation of the Pythagorean sum
                 (a**2 plus b**2)** one-half of two real numbers a and
                 b. This algorithm is immune to unwarranted
                 floating-point overflows, has a cubic rate of
                 convergence, and is easily transportable. This paper,
                 which shows that the algorithm is essentially Halley's
                 method applied to the computation of square roots,
                 provides a generalization to any order of convergence.
                 Formulas of orders 2 through 9 are illustrated with
                 numerical examples. The generalization keeps the number
                 of floating-point divisions constant and should be
                 particularly useful for computation in high-precision
                 floating-point arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4190 (Other numerical methods); C5230 (Digital
                 arithmetic methods)",
  classification = "723; 921",
  corpsource =   "IBM Sci. Centre, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  journalabr =   "IBM J Res Dev",
  keywords =     "computer programming; digital arithmetic;
                 floating-point divisions; Halley's method;
                 high-precision floating-point arithmetic; iterative
                 algorithm; iterative methods; mathematical techniques
                 --- Numerical Methods; Pythagorean sums; rate of
                 convergence; square roots",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Dyer:1983:ZRP,
  author =       "D. C. Dyer",
  title =        "{Z80} routine performs 16-bit multiply",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "144",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Ercegovac:1983:HRD,
  author =       "Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "A Higher-Radix Division with Simple Selection of
                 Quotient Digits",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "94--98",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Ercegovac.pdf",
  abstract =     "A higher-radix division algorithm with simple
                 selection of quotient digits is described. The proposed
                 scheme is a combination of the multiplicative
                 normalization used in the continued-product algorithms
                 and the recursive division algorithm. The scheme
                 consists of two parts: in the first part, the divisor
                 and the dividend are transformed into the range which
                 allows the quotient digits to be selected by rounding
                 partial remainders to the most significant radix-$r$
                 digit in the second part. Since the selection requires
                 only the most significant part of the partial
                 remainder, limited carry-propagation adders can be used
                 to form the partial remainders. The divisor and
                 dividend transformations are performed in three steps
                 using multipliers of the form $1 + s_k r^{-k}$ as in
                 the continued product algorithm. The higher radix of
                 the form $r = 2^k, k = 2, 4, 8, \ldots{}$ can be used
                 to reduce the number of steps while retaining the
                 simple quotient selection rules.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; division",
}

@InProceedings{Ferguson:1983:DTE,
  author =       "Joel Ferguson and John Paul Shen",
  title =        "The Design of Two Easily-Testable {VLSI} Array
                 Multipliers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "2--9",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Ferguson_Shen.pdf",
  abstract =     "Array multipliers are well-suited for VLSI
                 implementation because of the regularity in their
                 iterative structure. However, most VLSI circuits are
                 very difficult to test. This paper shows that, with
                 appropriate cell design, array multipliers can be
                 designed to be very easily-testable. An array
                 multiplier is called C-testable if all its adder cells
                 can be exhaustively tested while requiring only a
                 constant number of test patterns. The testability of
                 two well-known array multiplier structures are [sic]
                 studied. The conventional design of the carry-save
                 array multiplier is shown to be not C-testable.
                 However, a modified design, using a modified adder
                 cell, is generated and shown to be C-testable and
                 requires only 16 test patterns. Similar results are
                 obtained for the Baugh--Wooley two's complement array
                 multiplier. A modified design of the Baugh--Wooley
                 array multiplier is shown to be C-testable and requires
                 55 test patterns. The implementation of a practical
                 C-testable $16 \times 16$ array multiplier is also
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@InProceedings{Fraenkel:1983:SN,
  author =       "A. S. Fraenkel",
  title =        "Systems of Numeration",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "37--42",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Fraenkel.pdf",
  abstract =     "A numeration system is a set of integers (basis
                 elements) such that every integer can be represented
                 uniquely over the set using integer digits of bounded
                 size. Such systems are scattered in many fields in
                 mathematics and computer science. Many of the known
                 ones and new ones are unified and derived from a basic
                 result on recursively defined basis elements.
                 Applications are indicated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; number systems",
}

@Article{Gaitanis:1983:NPC,
  author =       "N. Gaitanis and C. Halatsis",
  title =        "Near-Perfect Codes for Binary-Coded Radix-$r$
                 Arithmetic Units",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "494--497",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676261",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:09 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676261",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Galand:1983:FD,
  author =       "C. Galand",
  title =        "Fast Division",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3B",
  pages =        "1537--1539",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Gavrielov:1983:CSF,
  author =       "M. Gavrielov and A. Kaminker and Y.-T. Sidi",
  title =        "Coprocessors Speed Floating Point Calculations",
  journal =      j-COMP-DESIGN,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "197--204",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CMPDAM",
  ISSN =         "0010-4566",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 11 11:55:54 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Gnanasekaran:1983:BSI,
  author =       "R. Gnanasekaran",
  title =        "On a Bit-Serial Input and Bit-Serial Output
                 Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "878--880",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676341",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676341",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Gosling:1983:STF,
  author =       "J. B. Gosling",
  title =        "Some Tricks of the (Floating-Point) Trade",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "218--220",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Gosling.pdf",
  abstract =     "In designing a floating-point arithmetic unit there
                 are a number of places where the characteristics of the
                 operations and the operands permit simplifications in
                 the logical design. These have not been well
                 documented, with the result that each new generation of
                 designers has made the same mistakes as their
                 predecessors. This paper describes some of these
                 simplifications as they affect the mantissa section of
                 a floating-point addition and subtraction unit. The
                 areas covered include normalisation and rounding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Grappel:1983:FPP,
  author =       "R. D. Grappel",
  title =        "Floating-point-processing unit improves
                 16-bit-$\mu{P}$ performance",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "19",
  pages =        "181--188",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Grnarov:1983:LMN,
  author =       "A. L. Grnarov and M. D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "On-line multiplicative normalization",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "151--155",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:44:54 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Grnarov_Ercegovac.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this article we describe a derivation and an
                 algorithm for on-line multiplicative normalization of
                 fractions. The algorithm is a variation of the
                 continued product normalization algorithm and it is
                 used for on-line evaluation of elementary functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; elementary functions; on-line arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Guibas:1983:FBA,
  author =       "L. Guibas and J. E. Vuillemin",
  title =        "On Fast Binary Addition in {MOS} Technologies",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "22--23",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Guibas_Vuillemin.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "addition; ARITH-6",
  remark =       "Paper did not arrive in time for the proceedings.",
}

@Article{Halatsis:1983:ECC,
  author =       "C. Halatsis and N. Gaitanis and M. Sigala",
  title =        "Error-Correcting Codes in Binary-Coded Radix-$r$
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "326--328",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676227",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676227",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Heninger:1983:ZZF,
  author =       "A. Heninger",
  title =        "{Zilog}'s {Z8070} Floating Point Processor",
  crossref =     "Mini-Micro:1983:MMN",
  pages =        "16/2/1--7",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InCollection{HP:1983:CDR,
  author =       "{Hewlett Packard}",
  booktitle =    "Software Internal Design Specification for the
                 {HP-71}, Vol. 1",
  title =        "Chapter 13: Data Representations",
  publisher =    "Hewlett Packard Company",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  pages =        "13.1--13.17",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 17:17:29 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Part \#00071-90068. Manual available from {\em The
                 Museum of HP Calculators}.",
  URL =          "http://www.hpmuseum.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Huang:1983:FPM,
  author =       "C. H. Huang",
  title =        "A Fully Parallel Mixed-Radix Conversion Algorithm for
                 Residue Number Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "398--402",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676242",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676242;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35226",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A new, fully parallel mixed-radix conversion (MRC)
                 algorithm which utilizes the maximum parallelism that
                 exists in the residues (RNS) to mixed-radix (MR) digits
                 conversion to achieve high throughput rate and very
                 short conversion time is presented. \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Huntsman:1983:MFP,
  author =       "Clayton Huntsman and Duane Cawthron",
  title =        "The {MC68881} Floating-Point Coprocessor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "44--54",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MM.1983.291185",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B1265F (Microprocessors and microcomputers); C5130
                 (Microprocessor chips); C5230 (Digital arithmetic
                 methods)",
  classification = "714; 723; 902",
  corpsource =   "Motorola Inc., Austin, TX, USA",
  keywords =     "arithmetic; computer architecture; computers;
                 coprocessor; digital arithmetic; floating-point;
                 floating-point arithmetic; IEEE arithmetic; IEEE
                 standard; integrated circuits, VLSI --- Applications;
                 M68000 family; M68000 microprocessor; MC68881
                 floating-point processor; microprocessor chips;
                 real-number computations; satellite; standards",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Iffrig:1983:ULC,
  author =       "L. D. Iffrig",
  title =        "Use less code for fast 8080 multiply",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "293",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Ingram:1983:ACW,
  author =       "Windell F. Ingram and Radhakrishnan, N. (Narayanswamy)
                 and Deborah F. Dent",
  title =        "Accuracy considerations when using some minicomputers
                 for scientific and engineering problems",
  institution =  "U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station;
                 available from National Technical Information Service",
  address =      "Vicksburg, MS, USA",
  pages =        "76 + 6 + 3",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Technical report; K-83-2 Technical report (U.S. Army
                 Engineer Waterways Experiment Station); K-83-2.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Minicomputers.;
                 Programming (Electronic computers).",
  remark =       "Cover title. ``September 1983.'' ``Prepared for
                 Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army.'' Funded by
                 Office, Chief of Engineers.",
}

@Book{Intel:1983:HRM,
  author =       "Intel",
  title =        "The {iAPX} 286 Hardware Reference Manual",
  publisher =    pub-INTEL,
  address =      pub-INTEL:adr,
  year =         "1983",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.I264 I14 1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 9 09:02:53 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "The definitive statement of the 80286 and 80287
                 hardware at a strongly technical level. Not an
                 instruction set reference, but does contain instruction
                 timing tables. See also \cite{Intel:1985:PRM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Irwin:1983:NLD,
  author =       "Mary Jane Irwin and Robert Michael Owens",
  title =        "Numerical Limitation on the Design of Digit On-Line
                 Networks",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "156--161",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:50:08 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Owens_Irwin.pdf",
  abstract =     "A fully digit online arithmetic unit generates at
                 least the $i$ most (least) significant digits of the
                 result after having been supplied no more than the
                 $(i+k)$ most (least) significant digits of each
                 operand, where $k$ is a small constant. This digit
                 serial property can be used to reduce the aggregate
                 fill and flush times of a chained array of digit online
                 arithmetic units and to reduce their VLSI
                 interconnection complexity. However, because of this
                 digit serial property, unique and inherent limitations
                 may have to be imposed on any arithmetic unit which
                 performs digit online operations. For some
                 calculations, these limitations may be so severe as to
                 make digit online evaluation virtually impossible. We
                 show several important signal processing problems where
                 these limitations have either been avoided or their
                 effect greatly reduced.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; on-line arithmetic",
}

@Article{James:1983:RDB,
  author =       "F. V. James",
  title =        "An 8085 routine divides 32-bit unsigned numbers",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONICS,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "163--165",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  ISSN =         "0883-4989",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Jankowski:1983:NFS,
  author =       "M. Jankowski and A. Smoktunowicz and H.
                 Wo{\'z}niakowski",
  title =        "A note on floating-point summation of very many
                 terms",
  journal =      "Elektron. Informationsverarb. Kybernet.",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "435--440",
  year =         "1983",
  MRclass =      "65V05",
  MRnumber =     "85c:65161",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  altjournal =   "Journal of Information Processing and Cybernetics ---
                 EIK",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@Article{Jenkins:1983:DEC,
  author =       "W. K. Jenkins",
  title =        "The Design of Error Checkers for Self-Checking Residue
                 Number Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "388--396",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676240",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676240;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35226",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "During the last few years residue number (RNS)
                 arithmetic has gained increasing importance for
                 providing high speed fault tolerant performance in
                 dedicated digital signal processors. One factor that
                 has limited the use of redundant RNS theory in
                 \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Johnsen:1983:IFP,
  author =       "K. Johnsen",
  title =        "An {IEEE} Floating Point Arithmetic Implementation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "130--135",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:50:08 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Johnsen.pdf",
  abstract =     "This article describes some of the methods and
                 algorithms used in an implementation of floating point
                 arithmetic following (almost) the IEEE standard defined
                 in (1). The description is more directly
                 algorithm-oriented than the `Implementation Guide' for
                 this standard (2), since the latter does not treat an
                 actual implementation. The article consists of two
                 parts. One concerns the problem of getting the
                 preliminary result from each of the arithmetic
                 operations, this result is the basis for a correct
                 rounding. The other part treats the multiword
                 arithmetic, i.e., the routines to perform an $m \times
                 n$ bit operation, using the corresponding $n$ bit
                 operation supplied by the hardware. Only multiplication
                 and division are described, since the add\slash
                 subtract routines are trivial. For division also a
                 method for getting an $n$ bit inverse is included,
                 since the hardware in the case had no division
                 operation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; floating-point arithmetic; IEEE 754",
}

@MastersThesis{Jung:1983:BRR,
  author =       "C. Jung",
  title =        "{Berechnung der reellen und reellintervallwertigen
                 Standard- funktionen mit maximaler Genauigkeit in einem
                 hexadezimalen Gleitkommaformat} \toenglish {Computation
                 of the Real and Real Interval Valued Standard Functions
                 with Maximal Accuracy in a Hexadecimal Floating-Point
                 Format} \endtoenglish",
  type =         "{Diplomarbeit}",
  school =       "Institut f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik,
                 Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Kahan:1983:M,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "Minimizing $q {\rm *} m - n$",
  institution =  "Department of Mathematics and Department of Electrical
                 Engineering and Computer Science, University of
                 California, Berkeley",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 03 12:26:29 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/testpi/nearpi.c",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Nearpi, a C program to exhibit large floating-point
                 numbers $Z = m * 2 ^ L$ very close to integer multiples
                 of $\pi/2$.",
}

@InProceedings{Kahan:1983:MWS,
  author =       "W. Kahan",
  title =        "Mathematics Written in Sand --- The {HP-15C}, {Intel
                 8087}, etc.",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "12--26",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 03 12:02:15 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/MathSand.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bookpages =    "vi + 344",
  remark =       "The original published version was a photoreduction of
                 dot-matrix printer output; the URL points to a cleaner
                 version.",
}

@TechReport{Kanada:1983:CDP,
  author =       "Y. Kanada and Y. Tamura and S. Yoshino and Y. Ushiro",
  title =        "Calculation of $\pi$ to 10,013,395 Decimal Places
                 Based on the {Gauss--Legendre} Algorithm and {Gauss}
                 Arctangent Relation",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CCUT-TR-84-01",
  institution =  "Computer Centre, University of Tokyo",
  address =      "Bunkyo-ky, Yayoi 2-11-16, Tokyo 113, Japan",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 18 17:50:42 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kaushik:1983:SDN,
  author =       "S. Kaushik",
  title =        "Sign Detection in Non-Redundant Residue Number System
                 with Reduced Information",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "24--28",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:50:08 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Kaushik.pdf",
  abstract =     "A necessary and sufficient condition for sign
                 detection in Non-Redundant Residue Number System by
                 reducing the information of a residue digit has been
                 obtained. The function to reduce the information of a
                 residue digit $x_p$ corresponding to a modulus $m_p$
                 has been assumed to be periodic with the period length
                 $\hat{m}_p$, where $\hat{m}_p = M/m_p$ and $M =
                 \prod_{i=1}^{n} m_i$. A sequential method for
                 determining the sign of a number is shown to
                 demonstrate the applicability of the results thus
                 proved.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; residue number systems",
}

@MastersThesis{Kirk:1983:MFP,
  author =       "Patrick Donald Kirk",
  title =        "Microcomputer and floating point firmware design",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "California State University, Long Beach",
  address =      "Long Beach, CA, USA",
  pages =        "2 + xi + 237",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Floating-point arithmetic.; Microcomputers ---
                 Programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Kobayashi:1983:AHS,
  author =       "Hideaki Kobayashi and Ronald D. Bonnell",
  title =        "Arithmetic for a High-Speed Adaptive Learning Network
                 Element",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "164--168",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Kobayashi_Bonnel.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a novel arithmetic scheme for a
                 high-speed adaptive learning network (ALN) element. An
                 ALN is a self-organizing scheme for implementing the
                 Kolmogorov--Gabor (K-G) polynomial which maps an input
                 vector $X$ into an output scalar $Y$. In the first
                 layer of an ALN there are $n(n-1) / 2$ elements. In the
                 next layer the number of elements needed depends upon
                 the number of outputs that are propagated from the
                 first layer. In this paper only the design of a single
                 element is considered. An array of memories (RAMs) and
                 a parallel adder are used to perform multinomial
                 arithmetic for the element. The memory array contains
                 subfunction values which are calculated by an external
                 host computer and downloaded to the memory array. All
                 the memories operate on the input variables
                 concurrently via a common address bus. The subfunction
                 values from the memory array are then summed by a
                 parallel adder to obtain the output of the element.
                 complete ALN implemented with the proposed ALN elements
                 has advantages in operation speed and less hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Kornerup:1983:FPR,
  author =       "Peter Kornerup and David W. Matula",
  title =        "Finite precision rational arithmetic: An arithmetic
                 unit",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "378--388",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676239",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676239",
  abstract =     "The foundations of an arithmetic unit performing the
                 add, subtract, multiply, and divide operations on
                 rational operands are developed. The unit uses the
                 classical Euclidean algorithm as one unified algorithm
                 for all the arithmetic operations, including rounding.
                 Binary implementations are discussed, based on
                 techniques known from SRT division, and utilizing
                 ripple-free borrow-save and carry-save addition.
                 Average time behavior is investigated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1983:FID,
  author =       "E. V. Krishnamurthy and V. K. Murthy",
  title =        "Fast Iterative Division of $p$-adic Numbers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "396--398",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676241",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676241",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Lastman:1983:DFP,
  author =       "G. J. Lastman",
  title =        "Determination of Floating Point Characteristics for a
                 Personal Computer",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:IEE",
  pages =        "424--427",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 12:11:33 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Linnainmaa:1983:ELE,
  author =       "Seppo Linnainmaa",
  title =        "Error linearization as an effective tool for
                 experimental analysis of the numerical stability of
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "346--359",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01934463",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (65J05)",
  MRnumber =     "85e:65020",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:18 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=23&issue=3;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=23&issue=3&spage=346",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lozier:1983:UFP,
  author =       "Daniel W. Lozier",
  title =        "The use of floating-point and interval arithmetic in
                 the computation of error bounds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "411--417",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676245",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "85f:65042",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676245",
  abstract =     "Three forms of interval floating-point arithmetic are
                 defined in terms of absolute precision, relative
                 precision, and combined absolute and relative
                 precision. The absolute-precision form corresponds to
                 the centered form of conventional rounded-interval
                 arithmetic. The three forms are compared on the basis
                 of the number of floating-point operations needed to
                 generate error bounds for inner-product accumulation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "G.1.0",
  CRclass =      "G.1.0 General; G.1.0 Error analysis",
  descriptor =   "Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General,
                 Error analysis",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  genterm =      "ALGORITHMS; PERFORMANCE",
  guideno =      "06575",
  reviewer =     "N. N. Abdelmalek",
  subject =      "G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS",
}

@InProceedings{Majerski:1983:SRA,
  author =       "Stanislaw Majerski",
  title =        "Square-Root Algorithms for High-Speed Digital
                 Circuits",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "99--102",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Majerski.pdf",
  abstract =     "Two binary algorithms for the square rooting of a sum
                 of two numbers are presented. They are designed for
                 high-speed digital circuits and are based on the
                 classical nonrestoring method. The main difference lies
                 in the replacement of subtractions and additions by the
                 parallel reduction of three summands to two, their sum
                 being unchanged to eliminate a carry propagation. The
                 term ``parallel reduction'' is introduced here for the
                 carry-save addition of three summands, positive and
                 negative as well. The two result summands form a
                 successive partial remainder. Their most significant
                 three-bit groups are used to determine the ``digits''
                 $1$, $0$, $+1$ of the square root in a redundant
                 notation. These digits are transformed into the
                 conventional-notation bits, which are used in the
                 further steps of the square-rooting process",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; square root",
}

@Article{Maric:1983:PBC,
  author =       "I. Maric and L. Cucancic",
  title =        "On the Possibilities of the {BCD} Code Application in
                 the Floating-Point Arithmetic Algorithms",
  journal =      j-INT-J-MINI-MICROCOMPUTERS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19--22",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IJMMDE",
  ISSN =         "0702-0481",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Markov:1983:NAF,
  author =       "Svetoslav Markov",
  title =        "On the Numerical Algorithms Formulated in Computer
                 Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "82--85",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Markov.pdf",
  abstract =     "We discuss some mathematical tools and techniques
                 supporting the construction of rigorous bounds
                 producing, numerically convergent algorithms, which are
                 formulated in terms of computer arithmetic operations.
                 Two important computer-arithmetic effects are
                 considered and their application as stopping criteria
                 is illustrated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@InProceedings{Martin:1983:FPS,
  author =       "G. R. Martin",
  title =        "Floating Point Support for the {NS16000} Family -- The
                 {NS16081}",
  crossref =     "Mini-Micro:1983:MMW",
  pages =        "16/3/1--3",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 07 22:33:22 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Matula:1983:OPF,
  author =       "David W. Matula and Peter Kornerup",
  title =        "An Order Preserving Finite Binary Encoding of the
                 Rationals",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "201--209",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:50:08 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Matula_Kornerup.pdf",
  abstract =     "We describe a new binary encoding for numbers termed
                 lexicographic continued fraction (LCF) representation
                 that provides a one-to-one order preserving finite bit
                 string representation for every rational. Conversion
                 either way between binary integer numerator-denominator
                 pair representation and LCF representation is shown
                 feasible in time linear with bit string length, given
                 registers of length sufficient to hold the numerator
                 and denominator. LCF bit string length is about $2
                 \max\{\log_2 P, \log_2 q\}$ for the irreducible
                 fraction $p/q$. Realization of arithmetic $(+, -,
                 \times, \divide)$ on LCF bit string encoded operands is
                 shown feasible. Some relations between the theory of
                 best rational approximation and the values represented
                 by truncated LCF bit strings are noted to assess the
                 feasibility of a finite precision arithmetic based on
                 LCF representation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; lexicographic continued fraction (LCF);
                 rational arithmetic",
}

@Article{McGuire:1983:PCB,
  author =       "D. W. McGuire",
  title =        "8048 program computes 16-by-8-bit quotient",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONICS,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "152--153",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1983",
  ISSN =         "0883-4989",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Midttun:1983:FMP,
  author =       "G. Midttun",
  title =        "A fast micro-programmable floating point processor",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CERN DD 83-16",
  institution =  "CERT",
  address =      "Geneva, Switzerland",
  pages =        "31",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 25 05:43:42 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://weblib.cern.ch/format/showfull?uid=1451323_18194&base=CERCER&sysnb=0058382",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "emulation; MICE; microcode; PDP11",
}

@Article{Mikov:1983:PAFa,
  author =       "A. I. Mikov",
  title =        "Probabilistic analysis of floating-point addition
                 ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Kibernetika (Kiev)",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "87--93",
  year =         "1983",
  MRclass =      "60K99 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "85h:60154",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "English translation in \cite{Mikov:1983:PAFb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mikov:1983:PAFb,
  author =       "A. I. Mikov",
  title =        "Probabilistic analysis of floating-point addition",
  journal =      j-CYBER,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "401--410",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CYBNAW",
  ISSN =         "0011-4235",
  MRclass =      "60K99 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "85h:60154",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Translated from \cite{Mikov:1983:PAFa}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Miller:1983:RNS,
  author =       "D. D. Miller and J. N. Polky",
  title =        "A Residue Number System Implementation of the {LMS}
                 Algorithm Using Optical Waveguide Circuits",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1013--1028",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676152",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676152;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35222",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A detailed design of a real-time data processor based
                 on the residue number system is presented which uses
                 near-term optical waveguide devices and concepts. The
                 optical computational units consist of cascaded,
                 mask-programmable arrays of total \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Miola:1983:UVA,
  author =       "A. Miola",
  title =        "A Unified View of Approximate Rational Arithmetic and
                 Rational Interpolation",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "210--215",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Miola.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper we cover the problem of approximation of
                 numbers and of functions by presenting some well known
                 results in a unified view that could help in better
                 understanding the algebraic bases of the problem. In
                 fact, the Extended Euclid's algorithm happens to be the
                 unique and common tool solving the approximation
                 problems both for numbers and for functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; rational arithmetic; rational interpolation",
}

@Article{Moler:1983:RSR,
  author =       "Cleve B. Moler and Donald Morrison",
  title =        "Replacing Square Roots by {Pythagorean} Sums",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "577--581",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/moler-cleve-b.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Dubrulle:1983:CNM} and generalization
                 \cite{Jamieson:1989:RCI}.",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/276/ibmrd2706P.pdf",
  abstract =     "An algorithm is presented for computing a 'Pythagorean
                 sum' a(+)b= square root a/sup 2/+b/sup 2/ directly from
                 a and b without computing their squares or taking a
                 square root. No destructive floating point overflows or
                 underflows are possible. The algorithm can be extended
                 to compute the Euclidean norm of a vector. The
                 resulting subroutine is short, portable, robust, and
                 accurate, but not as efficient as some other
                 possibilities. The algorithm is particularly attractive
                 for computers where space and reliability are more
                 important than speed",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4190 (Other numerical methods); C5230 (Digital
                 arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of New Mexico,
                 Albuquerque, NM, USA",
  keywords =     "algorithms; digital arithmetic; Euclidean norm;
                 floating-point arithmetic; iterative methods;
                 performance; Pythagorean sums; subroutine; vector",
  review =       "ACM CR 8406-0463",
  subject =      "G.1 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS,
                 Roots of Nonlinear Equations \\ F.2.1 Theory of
                 Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM
                 COMPLEXITY, Numerical Algorithms and Problems,
                 Computations on polynomials \\ F.2.2 Theory of
                 Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM
                 COMPLEXITY, Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems,
                 Geometrical problems and computations",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Morrison:1983:EHL,
  author =       "R. Morrison and A. J. Cole and P. J. Bailey and M. A.
                 Wolfe and M. Shearer",
  title =        "Experience with a High Level Language that Supports
                 Interval Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "74--78",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Morrison_Cole_Bailey_Wolfe_Shearer.pdf",
  abstract =     "An extension of the language S-algol called Triplex
                 which facilitates the use of interval arithmetic and
                 which is similar to triplex algol 60 is described.
                 Experience in the use of Triplex is reported. In
                 particular, a Triplex program corresponding to a
                 triplex algol 60 program of Nickel is given, together
                 with numerical results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol 60; ARITH-6; interval arithmetic; S-Algol;
                 Triplex (Algol)",
}

@Article{Murugesan:1983:ACF,
  author =       "S. Murugesan and V. K. Agrawal",
  title =        "Algorithm converts fractions to {BCD}",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "19",
  pages =        "245--246",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Nagpal:1983:PAT,
  author =       "H. K. Nagpal and G. A. Jullien and W. C. Miller",
  title =        "Processor Architectures for Two-Dimensional Convolvers
                 Using a Single Multiplexed Computational Element with
                 Finite Field Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "989--1001",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676150",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676150",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Nave:1983:ITF,
  author =       "R. Nave",
  title =        "Implementation of Transcendental Functions on a
                 Numerics Processor",
  journal =      j-MICROPROC-MICROPROG,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "221--225",
  month =        mar # "--" # apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "MMICDT",
  ISSN =         "0165-6074",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:05:28 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Ni:1983:VRM,
  author =       "Lionel M. Ni and Kai Hwang",
  title =        "Vector Reduction Methods for Arithmetic Pipelines",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "144--150",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Ni_Hwang.pdf",
  abstract =     "Vector reduction arithmetic accepts a vector as input
                 and produces a scalar output. This class of vector
                 operations forms the basis of many scientific
                 computations. In a pipelined processor, a feedback loop
                 is required to reduce vectors. Since the output of the
                 pipeline depends on previous outputs, improper control
                 of the feedback loop will destroy the benefit from
                 pipelining. A generalized computing model is proposed
                 to schedule the activities in a vector reduction
                 pipeline. Two new vector reduction methods, symmetric
                 and asymmetric, are proposed and analyzed for pipelined
                 processing. These two methods compare favorably with
                 the known recursive reduction method in achieving
                 higher pipeline utilization and in eliminating large
                 memory for intermediate results. An interleaving method
                 is proposed to reduce multiple vectors to multiple
                 scalars in a single arithmetic pipeline. The pipeline
                 can be fully utilized by interleaved multiple vector
                 processing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@InProceedings{Ohlsson:1983:MML,
  author =       "Lennart Ohlsson and Bertil Svensson",
  title =        "Matrix Multiplication on {LUCAS}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "116--122",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Ohlsson_Svensson.pdf",
  abstract =     "Multiplication of two $N$ by $N$ matrices involves
                 $N^3$ multiplications of elements. The task allows a
                 large amount of parallelism to be utilized, indicating
                 that it can be efficiently executed on a parallel
                 computer. This paper describes how matrix
                 multiplication is performed on LUCAS, an SIMD type
                 parallel processor with bit-serial processing elements.
                 The interconnection network is of Perfect Shuffle\slash
                 Exchange type. The case of study is when the number of
                 processing elements is between $N^2$ and $N^3$. The
                 algorithm presented can be applied to any computer with
                 the same interconnection structure. Formulas showing
                 how the execution time depends on data length and
                 matrix size are presented together with measured values
                 from execution on LUCAS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; LUCAS (Lund University Content Addressable
                 System)",
}

@InProceedings{Ong:1983:CAS,
  author =       "Shauchi Ong and D. E. Atkins",
  title =        "A Comparison of {ALU} Structures for {VLSI}
                 Technology",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "10--16",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Ong_Atkins.pdf",
  abstract =     "Although many of the basic techniques of computer
                 arithmetic have been known since the earliest days of
                 electronic computing, there is a continuing need to
                 re-evaluate them in the context of developments in VLSI
                 circuit technology. Furthermore, recent work in
                 complexity of algorithms, particularly the solution of
                 recurrence relations, suggests new candidate structures
                 for generating the carry vector and raises the
                 questions as to their practicality in modern logic
                 design practice.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Owens:1983:TRI,
  author =       "R. M. Owens",
  title =        "Techniques to Reduce the Inherent Limitations of Fully
                 Digit On-Line Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "406--411",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676244",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676244",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Ozawa:1983:AIK,
  author =       "K. Ozawa",
  title =        "Analysis and Improvement of {Kahan}'s Summation
                 Algorithm",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "226--230",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 12 08:06:17 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
}

@InProceedings{Palmer:1983:VSN,
  author =       "J. F. Palmer",
  title =        "{VLSI} starts a numeric revolution",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PII",
  pages =        "186--189",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:27 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Patel:1983:CED,
  author =       "J. H. Patel and L. Y. Fung",
  title =        "Concurrent Error Detection in Multiply and Divide
                 Arrays",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "417--422",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676246",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676246",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Payne:1983:DRT,
  author =       "M. H. Payne and R. N. Hanek",
  title =        "Degree Reduction for Trigonometric Functions",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18--19",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1057605.1057606",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "This report is a companion to Reference 1 on radian
                 reduction. As in Reference 1 \cite{Payne:1983:RRT}, the
                 motivation arises from a desire to eliminate messages
                 like ``argument too large'' in trigonometric function
                 routines. The presence of very large arguments in the
                 VAX H format, on the Cray 1, and on an IEEE machine
                 with extended registers, make this a real problem. As
                 for the radian reduction algorithm, the degree
                 algorithm will reduce any argument, however large, so
                 long as it is representable; its speed is nearly
                 independent of the size of the argument to be reduced;
                 and full accuracy is maintained in the neighborhoods of
                 the zeros of the desired function. We believe that the
                 approach is new and represents a significant
                 improvement over procedures currently in use. A variant
                 of the procedure is used in Version 3 of the VAX Math
                 Library.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "range reduction",
}

@Article{Payne:1983:RRT,
  author =       "M. H. Payne and R. N. Hanek",
  title =        "Radian Reduction for Trigonometric Functions",
  journal =      j-SIGNUM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--24",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SNEWD6",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1057600.1057602",
  ISSN =         "0163-5778 (print), 1558-0237 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "An accurate reduction poses little difficulty for
                 arguments of a few radians. However for, say, a CRAY 1,
                 H format on the VAX, or double extended in the proposed
                 IEEE standard, the maximum argument which might be
                 presented for reduction is of the order of $2^{16000}$
                 radians. Accurate reduction of such an argument would
                 require storage of $\pi$ (or its reciprocal) to over
                 16,000 bits. Direct reduction by division (or
                 multiplication) then requires generation of a somewhat
                 larger number of bits in the result in order to
                 guarantee the accuracy of the reduction. Of these bits
                 only the low few bits of the integer part of the
                 quotient (product) and enough bits to correctly round
                 the remainder are relevant; the rest will be
                 discarded.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  keywords =     "range reduction",
}

@Article{Preparata:1983:MCA,
  author =       "F. P. Preparata",
  title =        "A Mesh-Connected Area-Time Optimal {VLSI} Multiplier
                 of Large Integers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "194--198",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676203",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:07 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676203",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Prosser:1983:NCS,
  author =       "C. J. Prosser",
  title =        "A note on computing the square root of an integer",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "187--188",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_02/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_02/tiff/187.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_02/tiff/188.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4190 (Other numerical methods); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Rutherford and Appleton Lab., Chilton, Didcot, UK",
  keywords =     "binary; computer; fixed-point number; integer;
                 iterative methods; PASCAL; Pascal implementation;
                 square root; subroutines; successive subtraction",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Ramachandran:1983:SRE,
  author =       "V. Ramachandran",
  title =        "Single Residue Error Correction in Residue Number
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "504--507",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676264",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:09 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676264;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35227",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "We present a new method to correct single errors in an
                 n-residue number system through the use of r redundant
                 moduli. The method requires {\lceil}2n/r{\rceil} + 2
                 recombinations of n residues in the worst case. This is
                 of lower complexity than any \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Rao:1983:ICS,
  author =       "T. R. N. Rao and P. Kornerup",
  title =        "{IEEE Computer Society Sixth Symposium on Computer
                 Arithmetic}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "1--1",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Rao_Kornerup.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@InProceedings{Robertson:1983:CDM,
  author =       "James E. Robertson",
  title =        "Conditions for the Distributivity of Multiplication
                 with Respect to Set Addition and Their Effect on the
                 Design of Array Multipliers",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "67--71",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Robertson.pdf",
  abstract =     "Some conditions for distributivity of multiplication
                 with respect to set addition are determined. In
                 particular, distributivity holds if positive numbers
                 are used, but does not hold for negative numbers in
                 radix complement form. Use of simple recoding methods
                 to achieve distributivity is not helpful, since costs
                 of elementary multipliers and summing networks are
                 increased. Distributivity does hold for the digit sets
                 used for signed-digit arithmetic, and the requirement
                 for distributivity provides guidance for the design of
                 elementary multipliers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@Article{Robison:1983:USF,
  author =       "A. D. Robison",
  title =        "Use Squares for Fast Multiplication",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "263, 267",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:08 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Rosenblum:1983:IIS,
  author =       "David Samuel Rosenblum",
  title =        "An implementation of the {IEEE} standard for binary
                 floating-point arithmetic for the {Motorola} 6809
                 microprocessor",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "North Texas State University",
  address =      "Denton, TX, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 83",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic.; Microprocessors ---
                 Programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Rump:1983:SAP,
  author =       "Siegfried M. Rump",
  title =        "Solving algebraic problems with high accuracy",
  crossref =     "Kulisch:1983:NAS",
  pages =        "51--120",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "G.1; G.1.3; G.1.0; G.1.0",
  content =      "Numerical methods for the following applications are
                 surveyed in this paper: solving systems of linear
                 algebraic equations; obtaining the inverse of a given
                 matrix; finding zeros of functions and polynomials;
                 computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix;
                 treating linear, quadratic and convex programming
                 problems; and calculating the values of arithmetic
                 expressions. Both the case where the coefficient matrix
                 is square and the case where the coefficient matrix is
                 rectangular are handled in connection with the solution
                 of systems of linear algebraic equations. Moreover,
                 methods for the special, but important, cases where the
                 coefficient matrix of a system of linear algebraic
                 equations is band or sparse are given. (In the latter
                 case, it is assumed that the system is solved by
                 iterative processes.) The common feature of all these
                 methods is that by studying carefully the basic
                 properties of the computer arithmetic (sketched in the
                 beginning of the paper), one can avoid the round-off
                 errors and, thus, achieve a high degree of accuracy. If
                 the data are exactly representable on the computer
                 under consideration, \ldots{}",
  CRclass =      "G.1.3 Numerical Linear Algebra; G.1.3 Numerical Linear
                 Algebra; G.1.3 Sparse and very large systems; G.1.0
                 General; G.1.0 Computer arithmetic; G.1.0 General;
                 G.1.0 Error analysis",
  CRnumber =     "8503-0216",
  descriptor =   "Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS,
                 Numerical Linear Algebra; Mathematics of Computing,
                 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, Numerical Linear Algebra, Sparse
                 and very large systems; Mathematics of Computing,
                 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General, Computer arithmetic;
                 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General,
                 Error analysis",
  genterm =      "ALGORITHMS; PERFORMANCE",
  reviewer =     "Z. Zlatev; Zlatev, Z",
  source =       "in A new approach to scientific computation. Proc. of
                 the symposium on a new approach to scientific
                 computation (Yorktown Heights, NY, August 3, 1982), U.
                 Kulisch and W. Miranker (Eds.), Academic Press, Inc.,
                 New York, NY, 1983",
  subject =      "G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS;
                 G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; G.
                 Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; G.
                 Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS",
}

@InProceedings{Sand:1983:DIP,
  author =       "J. R. Sand and J. O. Bumgarner",
  title =        "{Dysan IEEE P-754} Binary Floating Point
                 Architecture",
  crossref =     "Ranocchia:1983:RFA",
  pages =        "185--194",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 12 21:59:00 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Sandesara:1983:ZZF,
  author =       "S. Sandesara",
  title =        "{Zilog}'s {Z8070} Floating-Point Processor",
  crossref =     "Mini-Micro:1983:MMN",
  pages =        "7/4/1--3",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 12 08:05:44 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Scherson:1983:MOA,
  author =       "Isaac Scherson and Smil Ruhman",
  title =        "Multi-operand Associative Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "123--129",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Scherson_Ruhman.pdf",
  abstract =     "Multi-operand associative techniques attain their full
                 power in algorithms where the data may be recast into
                 disjoint data sets, all acted upon concurrently, each
                 by a different operand common to the set. But the
                 multi-operand approach can also serve to enhance
                 arithmetic operations significantly. The speed-up of
                 associative multiplication by handling a number of
                 multiplier bits at a time is described and analyzed,
                 including an effective algorithm for a limited sum of
                 products. The most complex process treated is
                 convolution, which serves to illustrate the enhancement
                 of an extended sum of products. Any number of vectors
                 stored in memory can be convolved simultaneously by a
                 common filter vector. Execution time is 45 milliseconds
                 for 1024 element data and filter vectors, 2048 element
                 results, and 16-bit precision.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Schmid:1983:DC,
  author =       "Hermann Schmid",
  title =        "Decimal Computation",
  publisher =    pub-R-E-KRIEGER,
  address =      pub-R-E-KRIEGER:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 266",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "0-89874-318-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89874-318-0",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S34 1983",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:14:05 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Schmid:1974:DC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "binary-coded decimal system; calculators--circuits;
                 decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Seidensticker:1983:CFH,
  author =       "R. B. Seidensticker",
  title =        "Continued Fractions For High-Speed and High-Accuracy
                 Computer Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "184--193",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:50:08 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Seidensticker.pdf",
  abstract =     "Continued fraction representation has many advantages
                 for fast and high-accuracy computation when compared
                 with positional notation. A continued fraction is a
                 number of the form\par

                 $$p_1 + q_1/(p_2 + q_2/(p_3 +
                 \cdots{}))$$,\par

                 \noindent where $p$ and $q$ are integers. Some of the
                 benefits of continued fraction representation for
                 computer arithmetic are: faster multiply and divide
                 than with positional notation, fast evaluation of
                 trigonometric, logarithmic, and other unary functions,
                 easy extension to infinite-precision arithmetic,
                 infinite-precision representation of many
                 transcendental numbers, no roundoff or truncation
                 errors, and improved software transportability because
                 accuracy is not hardware dependent. A unified system
                 for continued fraction arithmetic is given along with
                 an outline of a hardware architecture for evaluating
                 these functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; continued fractions",
}

@MastersThesis{Shah:1983:FPP,
  author =       "Kamalesh Ramanlal Shah",
  title =        "Floating point processor for {STOIC} instrumentation",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S. in Engineering})",
  school =       "University of Texas at Austin",
  address =      "Austin, TX, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 188",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Medical electronics.; Medical instruments and
                 apparatus --- Design and construction.;
                 Microprocessors.",
}

@Article{Smith:1983:FPA,
  author =       "Burks Smith",
  title =        "Floating Point Arithmetic and Numeric Representation
                 in Computers [letter] in {DDC}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Soderstrand:1983:IRN,
  author =       "M. Soderstrand and C. Vernia and Jui-Hua Chang",
  title =        "An improved residue number system digital-to-analog
                 converter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "903--907",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1049/el:19820632",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=23540",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A new technique for Residue Number System (RNS)
                 Digital-to-Binary or Digital-to-Analog conversion based
                 on the Chinese Remainder Theorem allows conversion with
                 only one level of ROM and one level of Adders. The
                 ROM's are small (e.g., 256 x 8) and \ldots{}",
}

@TechReport{Spafford:1983:RAP,
  author =       "Eugene Howard Spafford",
  title =        "A report on the accuracy of {PRIME} computers'
                 floating point software and hardware and the {SWT} math
                 library user's guide",
  type =         "{GIT-ICS}",
  number =       "83/09",
  institution =  "School of Information and Computer Science, Georgia
                 Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA, USA",
  pages =        "v + 57",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computers.",
}

@Article{Speiser:1983:SFP,
  author =       "Jeffrey Speiser",
  title =        "{Savage} Floating Point Benchmark in {PASCAL} in
                 {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "112--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Springer:1983:FP,
  author =       "Charles Towne Springer",
  title =        "Floating point",
  institution =  "Mountain View Pr.",
  address =      "Mountain View, CA, USA",
  pages =        "22",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "MVP-FORTH series; v. 3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.; FORTH (Computer program
                 language)",
  remark =       "Title on cover: FORTH floating point.
                 ``Pre-publication.''",
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1983:SLA,
  author =       "E. E. {Swartzlander, Jr.} and D. V. Satish Chandra and
                 H. T. {Nagle, Jr.} and S. A. Starks",
  title =        "Sign\slash Logarithm Arithmetic for {FFT}
                 Implementation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "526--534",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676274",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:09 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  note =         "See comments \cite{Hongyuan:1986:CSL}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676274",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Takefuji:1983:FMS,
  author =       "Yoshiyasu Takefuji and Takakazu Kurokawa and Hideo
                 Aiso",
  title =        "Fast Matrix Solver in {$\mathrm{GF}(2)$}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "138--143",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Takefuji_Kurokawa_Aiso.pdf",
  abstract =     "In this paper a parallel and pipelined fast matrix
                 equation solver in $\mathrm{GF}(2)$ is proposed where
                 the elements are 0s or 1s. The solver employing the
                 iterative logic circuits which are suitable for VLSI
                 implementation can be realized by the conventional
                 Gauss--Jordan Elimination Method. $O(n)$ gate stages in
                 the pipeline and $O(n^2)$ total gates are required for
                 solving $A X = b$ where $A$ is a matrix of $n \times
                 n$, $X$ and $b$ are vectors respectively. The
                 organization of the solver is discussed in this
                 paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6",
}

@TechReport{Tamura:1983:CDB,
  author =       "Y. Tamura and Y. Kanada",
  title =        "Calculation of $\pi$ to 4,194,293 Decimals Based on
                 the {Gauss--Legendre} Algorithm",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CCUT-TR-83-01",
  institution =  "Computer Centre, University of Tokyo",
  address =      "Tokyo, Japan",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 18 17:46:12 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Taylor:1983:AE,
  author =       "George S. Taylor",
  title =        "Arithmetic on the {ELXSI 6400}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "110--115",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:50:05 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Taylor.pdf",
  abstract =     "The ELXSI System 6400 is a new 64-bit general-purpose
                 mainframe computer [1]. This paper describes its
                 arithmetic instruction set architecture and the
                 organization of the arithmetic processor. The ELXSI
                 instruction set supports a complete implementation of
                 the proposed IEEE floating point standard [2], plus
                 integer and decimal arithmetic. The System 6400
                 arithmetic processor uses ECL gate arrays to execute
                 these instructions at high speed using a single board
                 of hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; ELXSI 6400",
}

@Article{Taylor:1983:OFR,
  author =       "F. J. Taylor",
  title =        "An Overflow-Free Residue Multiplier",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "501--504",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676263",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:09 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676263",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@MastersThesis{Thomas:1983:HLM,
  author =       "James W. Thomas",
  title =        "High-level language management of the {IEEE}
                 floating-point environment: research project",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S. in Electrical Engineering})",
  school =       "University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of
                 Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "27",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Tseng:1983:FIP,
  author =       "Yeong-Jeng Tseng",
  title =        "A floating-point inner product step processor for use
                 in a {VLSI} Systolic array",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Michigan State University",
  address =      "East Lansing, MI 48824, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 63",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer arithmetic and logic units; Electronic
                 digital computers --- Circuits; Floating-point
                 arithmetic; Integrated circuits --- Very large scale
                 integration.",
}

@Article{Ulman:1983:SDI,
  author =       "Z. D. Ulman",
  title =        "Sign Detection and Implicit-Explicit Conversion of
                 Numbers in Residue Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "590--594",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676282",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:10 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676282",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Voelz:1983:CAE,
  author =       "H. V{\"o}lz",
  title =        "{{CORDIC} und {\"a}hnliche Algorithmen der elementaren
                 Funktionen mit besonderer Eignung f{\"u}r Mikrorechner}
                 \toenglish {CORDIC and Similar Algorithms for
                 Elementary Functions with Particular Aptitude for
                 Microcomputers} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-NACH-ELEK,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "506--510",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "NTELAP",
  ISSN =         "0323-4657",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Vogt:1983:AFM,
  author =       "R. Vogt and R. Waser",
  title =        "{Arithmetikroutinen f{\"u}r die
                 Me{\ss}\-dat\-en\-ver\-ar\-beit\-ung} \toenglish
                 {Arithmetic Routines for Measurement Applications}
                 \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONIK,
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "85--92",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "EKRKAR",
  ISSN =         "0013-5658",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Wallis:1983:AFP,
  author =       "Peter J. L. Wallis",
  title =        "{Ada} Floating-Point Arithmetic as a Basis for
                 Portable Numerical Software",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "79--81",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Wallis.pdf",
  abstract =     "Ada supports two different schemes for floating-point
                 arithmetic portability -- one based on the use of the
                 underlying machine arithmetic and the other based on
                 the `model arithmetic' that the underlying machine
                 supports, Features of both schemes are explained in the
                 context of their suitability as bases for the
                 production of portable numerical software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Ada; ARITH-6",
}

@MastersThesis{Walsh:1983:FGE,
  author =       "Edmund John Walsh",
  title =        "Floating gatefield effect transistor operating point
                 changes: causes, characterization, and effect on
                 electric field measurement by the device",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Boston University",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  pages =        "v + 121",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Boston University. --- College of Engineering ---
                 Theses.",
}

@Article{Watanuki:1983:EAC,
  author =       "Osaaki Watanuki and Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "Error analysis of certain floating-point on-line
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "352--358",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676236",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "85h:65099",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 10:01:08 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676236",
  abstract =     "he properties of redundant number system in
                 significand (mantissa) representation are studied and
                 the range of redundant significand is derived. From the
                 range of the redundant significand and the absolute
                 error of on-line operations, the MRRE (maximum relative
                 representation error) is defined and analyzed for
                 floating-point on-line addition and multiplication.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "G.1.0; G.1.0",
  CRclass =      "G.1.0 General; G.1.0 Error analysis; G.1.0 General;
                 G.1.0 Parallel algorithms",
  descriptor =   "Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General,
                 Error analysis; Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL
                 ANALYSIS, General, Parallel algorithms",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  guideno =      "06565",
  reviewer =     "Oliver, J",
  subject =      "G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS;
                 G. Mathematics of Computing; G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS",
}

@MastersThesis{Williams:1983:BFP,
  author =       "Bertrand Jeffery Williams",
  title =        "A bit-serial floating point multiply\slash add
                 architecture for signal processing applications",
  type =         "Electrical Engineering Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Texas A\&M University",
  address =      "College Station, TX, USA",
  pages =        "x + 97",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer architecture.; Floating-point arithmetic.;
                 Signal processing.",
}

@Article{Wingert:1983:ITA,
  author =       "J. A. Wingert",
  title =        "Improved Table-assisted Addition and Multiplication
                 Methods",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "4742--4743",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:11 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Yoshida:1983:FPR,
  author =       "Kaoru Yoshida",
  title =        "Floating-Point Recurring Rational Arithmetic System",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "194--200",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Yoshida.pdf",
  abstract =     "Major computer arithmetic systems are based on the
                 concept of realizing only terminate rationals in
                 positional notation. This paper proposes a new
                 arithmetic scheme of indicating periodicity in the
                 radix representation of a mantissa to realize recurring
                 rationals as well as terminate rationals. A new
                 arithmetic system adopting the scheme, called the
                 ``FLP/R* arithmetic system'', is proposed. Properties
                 of the FLP/R* numbers and the procedure of the FLP/R*
                 arithmetic are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-6; rational arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Abruzzo:1984:ACA,
  author =       "J. Abruzzo",
  title =        "Applicability of {CORDIC} Algorithm to Arithmetic
                 Processing",
  crossref =     "Kirk:1984:CRE",
  pages =        "79--86",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 11:21:05 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Agrawal:1984:ACB,
  author =       "V. K. Agrawal and S. Murugesan",
  title =        "Algorithm converts {BCD} fractions to binary",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "278--280",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:10 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Alia:1984:VAD,
  author =       "G. Alia and E. Martinelli",
  title =        "A {VLSI} algorithm for direct and reverse conversion
                 from weighted binary number system to residue number
                 system",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1033--1039",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.1984.1676355",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=23552",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Residue Number Systems (RNS) are proved to be useful
                 in many applications, as for example in signal
                 processing. In this paper, a VLSI computing
                 architecture is proposed for converting an integer
                 number N from the weighted binary representation into
                 \ldots{}",
}

@InProceedings{Ancona:1984:PET,
  author =       "M. Ancona and G. Dodero and F. Ricci",
  title =        "A portable environment for teaching mathematical
                 software development",
  crossref =     "Ford:1984:TML",
  pages =        "135--145",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See main entry CR, Rev. 8508--0689.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  content =      "ALGORITHMS; DESIGN; LANGUAGES; STANDARDIZATION",
  procloc =      "Proceedings paper",
  subject =      "G. Mathematics of Computing; G.4 MATHEMATICAL
                 SOFTWARE; K. Computing Milieux; K.6 MANAGEMENT OF
                 COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS; D. Software; D.2
                 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; K. Computing Milieux; K.3
                 COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION",
  subjects =     "mathematics of computing, mathematical software,
                 portability; computing milieux, management of computing
                 and information systems, software management, software
                 development; software, software engineering,
                 distribution and maintenance, portability; computing
                 milieux, computers and education, computer and
                 information science education, computer science
                 education",
  wsub =         "A. C. R. Newbery",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1984:CPD,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Correction to {``A Pipelined Distributed Arithmetic
                 PFFT Processor''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-33",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "288--288",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1984.1676429",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 09:22:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Chow:1983:PDA}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676429",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Bell:1984:RMR,
  author =       "M. {Bell, Jr.} and W. Jenkins",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '84",
  title =        "A residue to mixed radix converter and error checker
                 for a five-moduli residue number system",
  volume =       "??",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "242--245",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:58 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "A design is presented for an experimental device which
                 converts data from residue representation to mixed
                 radix representation while simultaneously checking for
                 single digit errors. The experimental system has a high
                 speed pipelined architecture and \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Black:1984:NIS,
  author =       "Cheryl M. Black and Robert P. Burton and Thomas M.
                 Miller",
  title =        "The Need for an Industry Standard of Accuracy for
                 Elementary-Function Programs",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "361--366",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2701.356101",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 04 20:32:29 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bollen:1984:NSD,
  author =       "J. A. M. Bollen",
  title =        "Numerical Stability of Descent Methods for Solving
                 Linear Equations",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "361--377",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (65F10)",
  MRnumber =     "85f:65041",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B0290B (Error analysis in numerical methods); C4110
                 (Error analysis in numerical methods)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Appl. Maths., Twente Univ. of Technol.,
                 Enschede, Netherlands",
  keywords =     "descent methods; digital arithmetic; error analysis;
                 floating point arithmetic; Gauss-Southwell method;
                 gradient method; linear differential equations; linear
                 equations; linear systems; numerical stability;
                 roundoff error analysis; stability",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Boney:1984:GTD,
  author =       "J. Boney",
  title =        "Goals and tradeoffs in the design of the {MC68881}
                 floating point coprocessor",
  crossref =     "NCC:1984:ACP",
  pages =        "107--113",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:45 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Borwein:1984:AGM,
  author =       "J. M. Borwein and P. B. Borwein",
  title =        "The Arithmetic-Geometric Mean and Fast Computation of
                 Elementary Functions",
  journal =      j-SIAM-REV,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "351--366",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:30 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Braddock:1984:ASP,
  author =       "M. Braddock and V. Shahan",
  title =        "Amplifying System Performance in Floating-point
                 Intensive Applications with the {MC68881}",
  crossref =     "Mini-Micro:1984:MMS",
  pages =        "6/2/1--7",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:45 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Butterfield:1984:MT,
  author =       "J. Butterfield",
  title =        "Math and Tables",
  journal =      j-COMPUTE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "134--135",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "COMPER",
  ISSN =         "0194-357X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:30 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Caraiscos:1984:REA,
  author =       "C. Caraiscos and Bede Liu",
  title =        "A roundoff error analysis of the {LMS} adaptive
                 algorithm",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--41",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IETABA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3518",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "The steady state output error of the least mean square
                 (LMS) adaptive algorithm due to the finite precision
                 arithmetic of a digital processor is analyzed. It is
                 found to consist of three terms: (1) the error due to
                 the input data quantization, (2) the \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Cavanagh:1984:DCA,
  author =       "Joseph J. F. Cavanagh",
  title =        "Digital Computer Arithmetic: Design and
                 Implementation",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 468",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-07-010282-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-010282-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C62 C38 1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:16:35 2002",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  price =        "US\$21.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@MastersThesis{Cheng:1984:FPC,
  author =       "Doreen Y. Cheng",
  title =        "A floating point coprocessor for the {Butterfly}
                 multiprocessor system: research project",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S. in Electrical Engineering})",
  school =       "University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of
                 Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "51 + 38",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 25 08:35:11 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Clarke:1984:AAR,
  author =       "M. R. Clarke",
  title =        "An Analytical Approach to Rounding",
  journal =      j-J-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12--20",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664768400000003",
  ISSN =         "0266-4763 (print), 1360-0532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0266-4763",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 6 11:15:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/02664763.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  onlinedate =   "28 Jul 2006",
}

@Article{Clenshaw:1984:BFP,
  author =       "C. W. Clenshaw and F. W. J. Olver",
  title =        "Beyond Floating Point",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "319--328",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "819 141",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/Matrix.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "rounding error, computer arithmetic",
}

@Article{Cody:1984:PRW,
  author =       "William J. {Cody, Jr.} and Jerome T. Coonen and David
                 M. Gay and K. Hanson and David Hough and W. Kahan and
                 R. Karpinski and John F. Palmer and F. N. Ris and D.
                 Stevenson",
  title =        "A Proposed Radix- and Word-length-independent Standard
                 for Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "86--100",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MM.1984.291224",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:28 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@PhdThesis{Coonen:1984:CPS,
  author =       "Jerome Toby Coonen",
  title =        "Contributions to a Proposed Standard for Binary
                 Floating-Point Arithmetic",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.} in Mathematics)",
  school =       "Department of Mathematics, University of California at
                 Berkeley",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "320",
  day =          "18",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "In the fall of 1977 the Institute of Electrical and
                 Electronics Engineers commissioned working group 754 to
                 draft a standard for binary floating-point arithmetic.
                 It was intended to prevent the proliferation of
                 disparate arithmetics in the new microprocessor
                 industry. At that time there were so many different
                 flavors of arithmetic available on mainframes and
                 minicomputers that the cost of reconciling their
                 differences in numerical software had become, and
                 remains, staggering. Now, more than five years later,
                 draft 10.0 of the proposed standard has been voted out
                 of the working group for IEEE approval.\par

                 This thesis consists of a set of ``footnotes'' to the
                 proposed standard. The first of them, an implementation
                 guide published in January 1980, served as a working
                 draft of the standard for over a year. The remaining
                 chapters unfolded as the proposed standard did. They
                 include an analysis of gradual underflow, the most
                 controversial feature of the standard; an exhaustive
                 discussion of radix conversion, which has been
                 specified in the proposed standard only up to a
                 worst-case error bound; and a revised version of the
                 arithmetic test suite which has been available in
                 machine-readable form from the working group.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "William M. Kahan",
  remark =       "Doctoral degree conferred December 18, 1984.",
}

@InCollection{Corliss:1984:AGT,
  author =       "George F. Corliss and Louis B. Rall",
  title =        "Automatic generation of {Taylor} series in
                 {Pascal-SC}: {Basic} operations and applications to
                 differential equations",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1984:TFA",
  pages =        "177--209",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 13:09:09 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Pascal-SC supports user-defined data types,
                 user-defined operators, and accurate floating point and
                 interval arithmetic for numerical computations. The
                 authors implement data types TAYLOR and ITAYLOR
                 (Interval Taylor) with operators $+$, $-$, $*$, $/$,
                 $**$, and the functions SQR, SQRT, EXP, SIN, COS,
                 ARCTAN, and LN. An initial value problem $y'=y^2$,
                 $y(0)=1$, is solved with TAYLOR and with ITAYLOR types
                 to show that the series generation exhibits a mild
                 instability which has no significant effect on the
                 values of the solution computed by analytic
                 continuation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  comment =      "Also appeared as {\sl MRC Technical Summary Report No.
                 2497}, Mathematics Research Center, University of
                 Wisconsin-Madison, 1983.",
  keywords =     "automatic differentiation; stability.; Taylor series",
}

@TechReport{Corporation:1984:ISR,
  author =       "{IBM Corporation}",
  title =        "{IBM System\slash 370 RPQ}. High Accuracy Arithmetic",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "SA 22-7093-0",
  institution =  pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 04 09:39:49 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ACRITH",
  remark =       "According to IBM Web pages, ACRITH was withdrawn in
                 1991, and replaced by ACRITH XSC; however, I have yet
                 to be able to find online documentation for that
                 system.",
}

@Article{Cowlishaw:1984:DRL,
  author =       "M. F. Cowlishaw",
  title =        "The Design of the {REXX} Language",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "326--335",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 08 16:35:07 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "First published as IBM Hursley Technical Report
                 TR12.223, October 1983.",
  abstract =     "One way of classifying computer languages is by two
                 classes: languages needing skilled programmers, and
                 personal languages used by an expanding population of
                 general users. REstructured eXtended eXecutor (REXX) is
                 a flexible personal language designed with particular
                 attention to feedback from its users. It has proved to
                 be effective and easy to use, yet it is sufficiently
                 general and powerful to fulfill the needs of many
                 demanding professional applications. REXX is system and
                 hardware independent, so that it has been possible to
                 integrate it experimentally into several operating
                 systems. Here REXX is used for such purposes as command
                 and macro programming, prototyping, education, and
                 personal programming. This study introduces REXX and
                 describes the basic design principles that were
                 followed in developing it.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM UK Ltd, Scientific Cent, Winchester, Engl",
  affiliationaddress = "IBM UK Ltd, Scientific Cent, Winchester, Engl",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "command program interpreters; computer operating
                 systems; computer programming languages; decimal
                 floating-point arithmetic; language concepts; personal
                 language; REXX language",
  remark =       "REXX supports arbitrary precision arithmetic with up
                 to $10^9$ digits, and an exponent range of $\pm10^9$.
                 This capability was added to REXX in 1981.",
}

@Article{Demmel:1984:URN,
  author =       "James Demmel",
  title =        "Underflow and the reliability of numerical software",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-SCI-STAT-COMP,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "887--919",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SIJCD4",
  ISSN =         "0196-5204",
  MRclass =      "65G05",
  MRnumber =     "85m:65035",
  MRreviewer =   "G. Alefeld",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 29 19:18:28 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Div. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Berkeley, CA,
                 USA",
  keywords =     "codes; digital arithmetic; eigenvalue calculation;
                 Gaussian elimination; gradual underflow; numerical
                 software; polynomial evaluation; reliability; roundoff;
                 roundoff errors; store zero; uncertainty; underflow
                 mechanisms",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Demsky:1984:MMC,
  author =       "J. Demsky and M. Schlesinger and R. D. Kent",
  title =        "Micro/mini computer program for calculating the square
                 root of rationals at arbitrary precision",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "C-877",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 25 10:56:58 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1980.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465584829811",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
}

@Article{Dietrich:1984:FPR,
  author =       "D. Dietrich and R. Fischer",
  title =        "{Floating-Point-Routinen, entwickelt f{\"u}r
                 Mikrorechner} \toenglish {Floating-point Routines
                 Developed for Microcomputers} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELEKTRONIKER,
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "49--54",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ELKRBL",
  ISSN =         "0531-9218",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Duncan:1984:FSF,
  author =       "Ray Duncan and Martin Tracy",
  title =        "The {FVG} Standard Floating-Point Extension",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "110--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "??Check author order??",
}

@Article{Dunford:1984:SFPa,
  author =       "Christopher J. Dunford",
  title =        "{Savage} floating-point benchmark in 8088\slash 8087
                 assembly language in {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "116--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dunford:1984:SFPb,
  author =       "Christopher J. Dunford",
  title =        "{Savage} floating-point benchmark in {Modula-2} in
                 {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "106--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ercegovac:1984:LAO,
  author =       "Milo{\v{s}} D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "On-line arithmetic: An overview",
  journal =      j-SPIE,
  volume =       "495",
  pages =        "86--93",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 30 06:32:39 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Real Time Signal Processing VII.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ferguson:1984:SFP,
  author =       "Kenneth M. Ferguson",
  title =        "{Savage} floating-point benchmark deficiencies of in
                 {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "107--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Gleditsch:1984:FTR,
  author =       "Torstein Gleditsch",
  title =        "Forslag til rask prosessor for flerformat
                 floating-point aritmetikk. ({Norwegian}) [{Proposal}
                 for a fast processor for multiformat floating-point
                 arithmetic]",
  type =         "Hovedoppgave i informatikk (cand.scient)",
  school =       "Universitetet i Oslo",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 08:19:32 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Norwegian",
}

@Article{Goldberg:1984:LVS,
  author =       "Morton Goldberg",
  title =        "{LISP} Version of the {Savage} Floating Point
                 Benchmark in {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "82--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Gregory:1984:MAE,
  author =       "Robert Todd Gregory and E. V. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Methods and Applications of Error-Free Computation",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 194",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-387-90967-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-90967-7",
  LCCN =         "QA297.5 .G735 1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Texts and monographs in computer science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Approximation theory --- Data processing.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.",
}

@Article{Guest:1984:RNS,
  author =       "C. C. Guest and M. M. Mirsalehi and T. K. Gaylord",
  title =        "Residue Number System Truth-Table Look-Up Processing
                 --- Moduli Selection and Logical Minimization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-33",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "927--931",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1984.1676355",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 09:22:55 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676355;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=35232",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "Truth table look-up processing using binary coded
                 residue numbers is investigated for full-precision
                 addition and multiplication for implementations using
                 either electronic or optical technologies. The
                 logically minimized numbers of input \ldots{}",
}

@Book{Hamacher:1984:CO,
  author =       "V. Carl Hamacher and Zvonko G. Vranesic and Safwat G.
                 Zaky",
  title =        "Computer organization",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xvi + 590",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-07-025683-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-025683-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A73 H351 1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 14:24:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "McGraw-Hill series in computer organization and
                 architecture",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Hamacher:1984:COE,
  author =       "V. C. Hamacher and Zvonko G. Vranesic and Safwat G.
                 Zaky",
  title =        "Computer organization",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "590",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-07-025683-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-025683-5",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  price =        "US\$34.95",
  series =       "McGraw-Hill series in computer organization and
                 architecture",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  catcode =      "C; B",
  content =      "The reviewer recommends this book to those who are
                 interested in learning the basics of computer
                 organization, particularly at the hardware and device
                 level. This book does not deal with the concepts
                 related to computer organization from an abstract,
                 mathematical level. It also does not attempt to
                 describe the computer organization using a high-level
                 language. Instead, the authors concentrate on
                 uniprocessing systems, with a large number of examples
                 drawn from VAX-11, IBM 370, and HP 3000. The book does
                 not cover multiprocessors.\par

                 The organization of the book is summarized here.
                 Chapter 1 introduces a number of terms. Chapters 2 and
                 3 concentrate in detail (a total of 101 pages) on the
                 addressing methods and instruction sets, with examples
                 taken primarily from the above mentioned machines.
                 Chapters 4 and 5 (a total of 50 pages) deal with the
                 control unit for the instruction fetch and execute,
                 with Chapter 5 being devoted to microprogrammed control
                 and bit slice designs. In Chapter 6 (a total of 64
                 pages) the authors cover Input/Output organization,
                 which includes a good deal about the
                 synchronous/asynchronous I/O operations, I/O
                 interfaces, etc. Chapter 7 presents the usual material
                 on the fixed- and floating-point arithmetic. \ldots{}",
  CRnumber =     "8509-0786",
  descriptor =   "Computer Systems Organization, GENERAL; Hardware,
                 GENERAL",
  genterm =      "DESIGN",
  reviewer =     "A. Deb",
  subject =      "C. Computer Systems Organization; C.0 GENERAL; B.
                 Hardware; B.0 GENERAL",
}

@Article{Honma:1984:IAE,
  author =       "Hitoshi Honma and Masahiko Sagawa",
  title =        "Improving the accuracy and error analysis in
                 floating-point {FFT} computation",
  journal =      j-ELECTRON-COMMUN-JPN,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "9--18",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ECOJAL",
  ISSN =         "0424-8368",
  MRclass =      "65T05 (65G05 94A11)",
  MRnumber =     "86g:65238",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:13 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{ISO:1984:IID,
  author =       "{International Organization for Standardization}",
  key =          "ISO",
  title =        "{ISO\slash IEC DIS 10858}: {Information} technology
                 --- {Radix-independent} floating-point arithmetic",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 28 21:52:25 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.iso.ch/cate/d18890.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jones:1984:SRM,
  author =       "Christopher B. Jones",
  title =        "A Significance Rule for Multiple-Precision
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--107",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/356068.356076",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65G05 (65G10)",
  MRnumber =     "86e:65063",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 04 20:02:26 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Multiple-precision arithmetic overcomes the round-off
                 error incurred in conventional floating-point
                 arithmetic, at the cost of increased processing
                 overhead. Significance arithmetic takes into account
                 the inexactness of the operands of a calculation, but
                 can lead to loss of significant digits after a long
                 series of operations. A new technique is described
                 which alleviates the overhead of multiple-precision
                 arithmetic by allowing nonsignificant digits to be
                 discarded, while limiting the significance loss per
                 operation to a controllable and acceptable rate. The
                 technique is based on storing an inexact number
                 interval, using a criterion of significance to
                 determine the precision with which the limits of
                 interval should be stored. A procedure referred to as a
                 significance rule uses this criterion to remove some of
                 the nonsignificant digits from the limits of an
                 interval prior to storage. A certain number of
                 nonsignificant digits are retained as guard digits.
                 Calculations are performed using exact interval
                 arithmetic and the significance-rule procedure is
                 invoked after each operation to remove superfluous
                 digits. Round-off in the procedure causes a slight
                 increase in the interval width on each operation. This
                 results in a cumulative loss of significance at a rate
                 related to the number of guard digits.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Karp:1984:ELS,
  author =       "A. H. Karp",
  title =        "Exponential and Logarithm by Sequential Squaring",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-33",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "462--464",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1984.1676464",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:16:09 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Book{Katzan:1984:IA,
  author =       "Harry Katzan",
  title =        "Invitation to {Ada}",
  publisher =    "PBI",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "x + 173",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-89433-239-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89433-239-5 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A35 K36 1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 06:37:40 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$14.95",
  series =       "Petrocelli invitation to series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See \cite[p. 1.10]{Coonen:1984:CPS} for negative
                 comments about the floating-point model for Ada in the
                 predecessor of this book \cite{Katzan:1982:IAA}.",
  subject =      "Ada (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Kawabata:1984:SFP,
  author =       "Hugh M. Kawabata",
  title =        "{Savage} Floating Point Benchmark in {Fortran} in
                 {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Koopman:1984:FFP,
  author =       "Philip J. Koopman",
  title =        "{FORTH} floating point",
  publisher =    "Mountain View Pr.",
  address =      "Mountain View, CA, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "346",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "MVP-FORTH series; v. 3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Programming.;
                 Floating-point arithmetic.; FORTH (Computer program
                 language)",
}

@Article{Korn:1984:ISD,
  author =       "G. A. Korn",
  title =        "Interactive simulation with a direct-executing,
                 floating-point equation language",
  journal =      j-SYS-ANA-MODEL-SIM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--54",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SAMSEC",
  ISSN =         "0232-9298",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 9 08:26:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "The University of Arizona, Tucson",
  bibno =        "43792",
  catcode =      "I.6.2; I.6.3",
  CRclass =      "I.6.2 Simulation Languages; I.6.3 Applications",
  descriptor =   "Computing Methodologies, SIMULATION AND MODELING,
                 Simulation Languages; Computing Methodologies,
                 SIMULATION AND MODELING, Applications",
  genterm =      "THEORY; DESIGN; LANGUAGES",
  guideno =      "1988-14427",
  journalabbrev = "Syst. Anal. Model. Simul.",
  subject =      "I. Computing Methodologies; I.6 SIMULATION AND
                 MODELING; I. Computing Methodologies; I.6 SIMULATION
                 AND MODELING",
}

@Article{Kornerup:1984:CFP,
  author =       "Peter Kornerup and David W. Matula",
  title =        "Correction to `{`Finite Precision Rational Arithmetic:
                 An Arithmetic Unit''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-33",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "682--682",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1984.5009346",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 09:22:53 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009346",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@InProceedings{Ling:1984:NAS,
  author =       "Fuyun Ling and J. Proakis",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing: ICASSP '84",
  title =        "Numerical accuracy and stability: Two problems of
                 adaptive estimation algorithms caused by round-off
                 error",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "571--574",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 11:25:04 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  summary =      "This paper investigates the numerical accuracy and the
                 numerical stability of adaptive estimation algorithms.
                 A feedback system model is provided to investigate the
                 numerical stability of the algorithms. Simulation
                 results on the comparison of \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Longo:1984:CFU,
  author =       "S. A. Longo",
  title =        "Calculating Functions using {Ada}",
  journal =      j-J-PAS-ADA,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--36",
  month =        jul # "--" # aug,
  year =         "1984",
  ISSN =         "0735-1232",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 08 13:05:34 1995",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InProceedings{Look:1984:CSH,
  author =       "H. W. Look",
  title =        "Compatible software and hardware implementations
                 permitted by {IEEE} standards for binary floating-point
                 arithmetic",
  crossref =     "NCC:1984:ACP",
  pages =        "101--105",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:45 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Lorenz:1984:MIL,
  author =       "E. Lorenz and R. Sandau",
  title =        "{M{\"o}glichkeiten der Implementierung
                 leistungsf{\"a}higer Multiplikationsprogramme in
                 Mikrorechnersystemen} \toenglish {Possibilities of the
                 Implementation of Efficient Multiplication Instructions
                 in Microcomputer Systems} \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-NACH-ELEK,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "288--290",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "NTELAP",
  ISSN =         "0323-4657",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@TechReport{Mackin:1984:FFG,
  author =       "Michael A. Mackin and James F. Soeder",
  title =        "Floating-point function generation routines for 16-bit
                 microcomputers",
  institution =  "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
  address =      "Washington DC, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "NASA technical memorandum; 83783",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  govtdocnumber = "NAS 1.15:83783 830-D (MF)",
  keywords =     "Microcomputers --- Programming.",
  remark =       "Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche.
                 Microfiche. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics
                 and Space Administration], 1984. 1 microfiche.",
}

@Article{Mactaggart:1984:SCR,
  author =       "I. Ross Mactaggart and Mervyn A. Jack",
  title =        "A single chip radix-$2$ {FFT} butterfly architecture
                 using parallel data distributed arithmetic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-J-SOLID-STATE-CIRCUITS,
  volume =       "SC-19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "368--373",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IJSCBC",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.1984.1052151",
  ISSN =         "0018-9200",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 07 10:57:50 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mansfield:1984:CAC,
  author =       "Richard Mansfield",
  title =        "A Complete Axiomatization of Computer Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "166",
  pages =        "623--635",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "65G99 (03B70 03C70 68Q40)",
  MRnumber =     "85k:65040",
  MRreviewer =   "R. P. Brent",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Math., Pennsylvania State Univ., University
                 Park, PA, USA",
  keywords =     "axiom system; complete axiomatization; computer
                 arithmetic; digital arithmetic; multiplication; rounded
                 addition; rounded arithmetic",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Miller:1984:ILA,
  author =       "D. Miller and J. Polky",
  title =        "An implementation of the {LMS} algorithm in the
                 residue number system",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "452--461",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.1984.1676355",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=23556",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The Residue Arithmetic Adaptive Filter (RAAF)
                 processor performs the least mean square (LMS)
                 algorithm using 60 ns discrete PROM-latch combinations
                 for the residue operations. Parallel and pipeline
                 techniques are used throughout. Since the LMS
                 \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Moran:1984:SST,
  author =       "Thomas W. Moran",
  title =        "Some Spreadsheet Tests of the {Savage} Floating-Point
                 Benchmark in {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "106--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Munzel:1984:RAE,
  author =       "Georg M{\"u}nzel",
  booktitle =    "Parallel computing 83 (Berlin, 1983)",
  title =        "Residue arithmetic for exact calculations on the
                 {DAP}",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  pages =        "199--204",
  year =         "1984",
  MRclass =      "65W05",
  MRnumber =     "MR809397 (86k:65141)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:29 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Murray:1984:SFA,
  author =       "J. T. Murray",
  title =        "Sin/Cos Functions via Approximations Plus Error
                 Compensation",
  journal =      j-IBM-TDB,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "10A",
  pages =        "4967--4968",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IBMTAA",
  ISSN =         "0018-8689",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 10:15:56 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Misc{OliverWhiteheadQuintet:1984:FN,
  author =       "Oliver Whitehead Quintet",
  title =        "Free for now",
  publisher =    "Justin Time Records",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "1 sound disc",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Jazz --- 1981-1990.",
  remark =       "Brief record. Free for now --- Six-string waltz ---
                 Old friend --- Invention; Excuses, excuses --- Getting
                 away --- Woman in blue --- Floating point --- Crazy
                 season --- Do it with your socks on. Performed by the
                 Oliver Whitehead Quintet. JUST 4; Justin Time Records",
}

@Book{Palmer:1984:P,
  author =       "John F. Palmer and Stephen P. Morse",
  title =        "The 8087 Primer",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 182",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-471-87569-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-87569-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.I2923 P34 1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:40:38 1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "Excellent coverage of the 8087 numeric coprocessor by
                 the chief architects of the Intel 8087 (Palmer) and
                 8086 (Morse). Contains many candid statements about
                 design decisions in these processors. A must for
                 serious assembly language coding of the 8087 and 80287
                 chips. See also \cite{Intel:1985:PRM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pei:1984:CAD,
  author =       "Soo-Chang Pei and Kuo-Chih Ho",
  title =        "Comments on {``Adaptive digital control implemented
                 using residue number systems''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "863--863",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IETAA9",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.1984.1676355",
  ISSN =         "0018-9286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Tan:1982:ADC}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=24217",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The aim of this correspondence is to correct some
                 errors and modify Tan and McInnis residue number
                 decoding scheme into a simplified \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Pfenninger:1984:DES,
  author =       "E. Pfenninger",
  title =        "{Divisionsalgorithmus -- einfach und schnell}
                 \toenglish {Division Algorithms -- Simple and Fast}
                 \endtoenglish",
  journal =      j-ELEKTRONIKER,
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "62--64",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ELKRBL",
  ISSN =         "0531-9218",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 16:30:40 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Pountain:1984:PM,
  author =       "D. Pountain",
  title =        "{PROLOG} on Microcomputers",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "355--62",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.5 B98",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 14:50:29 2007",
  bibsource =    "/usr/local/src/bib/bibliography/Ai/log.prog.85.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Discusses micro-PROLOG, a dialect of PROLOG originally
                 written for the z80 microprocessor, which was the first
                 microcomputer implementation of the language. The
                 micro-PROLOG language is an interpreted language. A
                 program consists of a database of facts and rules that
                 you can query to solve problems. Logical propositions
                 replace computer-oriented instructions. Micro-PROLOG
                 has floating point arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "PROLOG",
}

@Article{Prince:1984:SFP,
  author =       "Thomas Prince",
  title =        "{Savage} Floating Point Benchmark in Logo in {16BST}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "82--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Rauchwerk:1984:MBF,
  author =       "M. D. Rauchwerk",
  title =        "A micro\-pro\-cess\-or-based fast floating point
                 library",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1984:CPI",
  pages =        "488--490",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 01 12:03:42 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@InCollection{Schryer:1984:DCF,
  author =       "N. L. Schryer",
  title =        "Determination of Correct Floating-Point Model
                 Parameters",
  crossref =     "Cowell:1984:SDM",
  pages =        "360--366",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 17:23:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Shahan:1984:MIF,
  author =       "V. Shahan",
  title =        "The {MC68881}: The {IEEE} Floating Point Standard
                 Reduced to One {VLSI} Chip",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1984:ILD",
  pages =        "172--176",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 22:31:44 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj,
}

@Article{Shen:1984:DET,
  author =       "J. P. Shen and F. J. Ferguson",
  title =        "The Design of Easily Testable {VLSI} Array
                 Multipliers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-33",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "554--560",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1984.1676480",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 09:22:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1676480",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Shively:1984:CTG,
  author =       "R. R. Shively and W. V. Robinson and D. E. Orton",
  title =        "Cascading Transmission Gates to Enhance Multiplier
                 Performance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-33",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "677--679",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1984.5009343",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 09:22:53 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009343",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Sips:1984:BSA,
  author =       "Henk J. Sips",
  title =        "Bit-Sequential Arithmetic for Parallel Processors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--20",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.1984.5009311",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 10 09:22:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/tc/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009311",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
}

@Article{Smoktunowicz:1984:BCI,
  author =       "Alicja Smoktunowicz and Jolanta Sokolnicka",
  title =        "Binary cascades iterative refinement in
                 doubled-mantissa arithmetics",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "123--127",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/BF01934524",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "65F05 (65G05)",
  MRnumber =     "85i:65039",
  MRreviewer =   "A. Bultheel",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:18 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=24&issue=1;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=24&issue=1&spage=123",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Soderstrand:1984:AQL,
  author =       "M. Soderstrand and G. Poe",
  booktitle =    "IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing, ICASSP '84",
  title =        "Application of quadratic-like complex residue number
                 system arithmetic to ultrasonics",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "484--487",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "residue arithmetic; residue number system",
  summary =      "The concept of a ``Quadratic-Like'' Complex Residue
                 Number System is introduced in which certain purely
                 imaginary numbers exist as reals within the system. It
                 is shown that the desirable properties of a Quadratic
                 Complex Residue Number System with \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Soderstrand:1984:PRR,
  author =       "M. Soderstrand and B. Sinha",
  title =        "A pipelined recursive residue number system digital
                 filter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "415--417",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "ICSYBT",
  DOI =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.1983.1676240",
  ISSN =         "0098-4094",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:38:57 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=23555",
  acknowledgement = ack-