%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.19",
%%%     date            = "10 September 2009",
%%%     time            = "15:44:12 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "19350 14635 50845 500104",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "BibTeX; bibliography; IEEE Annals of the
%%%                        History of Computing",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a COMPLETE bibliography of the
%%%                        quarterly journal IEEE Annals of the History
%%%                        of Computing (CODEN IAHCEX, ISSN 1058-6180),
%%%                        which began publishing with volume 14, number
%%%                        1, in 1992 as the continuation of the journal
%%%                        Annals of the History of Computing (CODEN
%%%                        AHCOE5, ISSN 0164-1239), published by
%%%                        Springer-Verlag for the American Federation
%%%                        of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS).
%%%                        That journal started with volume 1, number 1,
%%%                        in July 1979.  No coverage is yet available
%%%                        for it.
%%%
%%%                        There is a World Web Wide site for this
%%%                        journal at
%%%
%%%                            http://www.computer.org/portal/site/annals/index.jsp
%%%                            http://www.computer.org/pubs/annals
%%%                            http://computer.org/annals
%%%
%%%                        with (pagenumber-less) tables of contents,
%%%                        links to article abstracts, subject and
%%%                        author indexes for 1992--date, and
%%%                        occasionally, links to full text of selected
%%%                        articles.  That data, and the IEEE Xplore
%%%                        database, serves as the primary source of
%%%                        data for this bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.19, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1946 (   1)    1968 (   0)    1990 (   0)
%%%                             1948 (   0)    1970 (   0)    1992 (  58)
%%%                             1949 (   0)    1971 (   0)    1993 (  48)
%%%                             1950 (   0)    1972 (   0)    1994 (  37)
%%%                             1951 (   0)    1973 (   0)    1995 (  29)
%%%                             1952 (   0)    1974 (   0)    1996 (  50)
%%%                             1953 (   0)    1975 (   0)    1997 (  33)
%%%                             1954 (   0)    1976 (   0)    1998 (  43)
%%%                             1955 (   0)    1977 (   0)    1999 (  45)
%%%                             1956 (   0)    1978 (   0)    2000 (  49)
%%%                             1957 (   0)    1979 (   0)    2001 (  46)
%%%                             1958 (   0)    1980 (   0)    2002 (  46)
%%%                             1959 (   0)    1981 (   0)    2003 (  47)
%%%                             1960 (   0)    1982 (   0)    2004 (  46)
%%%                             1961 (   0)    1983 (   0)    2005 (  49)
%%%                             1962 (   0)    1984 (   0)    2006 (  53)
%%%                             1963 (   0)    1985 (   0)    2007 (  51)
%%%                             1964 (   0)    1986 (   0)    2008 (  45)
%%%                             1965 (   0)    1987 (   0)    2009 (  38)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        813
%%%                             Book:             1
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  814
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order, using ``bibsort
%%%                        -byvolume''.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT  = "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT = "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids
                                  to Computation"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries:

@Article{Goldstine:1946:ENI,
  author =       "H. H. Goldstine and Adele Goldstine",
  title =        "The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
                 ({ENIAC})",
  journal =      j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "97--110",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "MTTCAS",
  ISSN =         "0891-6837",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:44:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AIa,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grosch:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Herb Grosch",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {O, AFIPS}!",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--7",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hyman:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: The Private {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Berg:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Herman Berg",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: On Locating the
                 {Babbage-Quetelet} Letter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--9",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hall:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Charles Hall",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {A} Mechanical Delay
                 Line?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--9",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:ITL,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Introduction: Time Line",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1013.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:CTS,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Claims to the Term ``Time-Sharing''",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a1016abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:B,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee and John McCarthy and J. C. R.
                 Licklider",
  title =        "The Beginnings at {MIT}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Rosin:1992:CQD}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1018.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:CCT,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{CTSS} --- The {Compatible Time-Sharing System}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1031.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rosin:1992:CI,
  author =       "Robert Rosin and J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "The {CTSS} Interviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a1033abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1033.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:RBa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "References and Bibliography",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "52--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1052.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1992:Ha,
  author =       "Judy O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1992:Aa,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1056.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Ba,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1061.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Ra,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1069.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AIb,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1992:IPa,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:BPA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Biographies of Participants and Authors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:PM,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{Project MAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2009.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:PMI,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee and Robert Rosin",
  title =        "The {Project MAC} Interviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a2014abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:SI,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "The Social Impact",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2036.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:PF,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Prolog to the Future",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "42--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2042.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:RBb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "References and Bibliography",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "49--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2049.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Randell:1992:RBP,
  author =       "B. Randell",
  title =        "Reunion at {Bletchley Park}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--53",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check: page number overlap with
                 \cite{ONeill:1992:Hb}.",
}

@Article{ONeill:1992:Hb,
  author =       "Judy O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2051.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1992:Ab,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Bb,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "56--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2056.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Rb,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "60--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AIc,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1992:IPb,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss and Mervin Frank",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {A} Mechanical Delay
                 Line?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eklund:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Jon Eklund",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: The Final Word on {`The
                 Bug'}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--7",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1992:CQDa,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: The Size of the
                 {Hollerith} Punched Card",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Carter:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Robert Donald Carter",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {German} Ferrite Cores
                 from {World War II}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8--8",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rosin:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Robert F. Rosin",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Time-Sharing at {MIT}
                 (Correction)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8--8",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  note =         "See \cite{Lee:1992:B}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Crawford:1992:AS,
  author =       "David J. Crawford and Philip E. {Fox (ed.)}",
  title =        "The {Autoscritcher} and the {Superscritcher}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3009abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3009.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bletchley Park; cryptography",
}

@Article{vandenEnde:1992:TCN,
  author =       "Jan van den Ende",
  title =        "Tidal Calculations in {The Netherlands}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3023abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3023.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grattan-Guinness:1992:CBA,
  author =       "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} as an Algorithmic Thinker",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3034abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1992:Hc,
  author =       "Judy O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3049.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1992:Ac,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "52--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3052.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Bc,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Rc,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3077.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AId,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1992:IPc,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1992:CQDb,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: More on Mechanical
                 Delay Lines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1992:ICU,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Introduction: Computing at the {University of
                 Cambridge}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4008.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:1992:ECS,
  author =       "Mary G. Croarken",
  title =        "The Emergence of Computing Science Research and
                 Teaching at {Cambridge}, 1936--1949",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4010abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4010.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1992:ATE,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The {Airy} Tape: An Early Chapter in the History of
                 Debugging",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4016abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wheeler:1992:AE,
  author =       "Joyce M. Wheeler",
  title =        "Applications of the {EDSAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4027abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4027.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wheeler:1992:EPS,
  author =       "David J. Wheeler",
  title =        "The {EDSAC} Programming Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4034abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hemy:1992:ICM,
  author =       "John M. M. Pinkerton and Derek Hemy and Ernest H.
                 Lenaerts",
  title =        "The Influence of the {Cambridge Mathematical
                 Laboratory} on the {LEO} Project",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4041abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4041.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:1992:E,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "{EDSAC 2}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4049abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4049.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Needham:1992:LDC,
  author =       "Roger M. Needham",
  title =        "Later Developments at {Cambridge}: {Titan}, {CAP}, and
                 the {Cambridge Ring}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "57--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4057abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:HSC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "How to Start a Computer Museum: {Chinese} Calculators
                 Made During the {Kangxi} Reign in the {Quing} Dynasty",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "59--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Bd,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "67--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4067.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Rd,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:Ia,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1991 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "78--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:Ib,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1992 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "86--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4086.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:AIa,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPa,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grosch:1993:CQD,
  author =       "Herb Grosch",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {A} History of
                 Scientific Computation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--9",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tropp:1993:CQD,
  author =       "Henry S. Tropp",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Turing}'s Visit to the
                 {United States}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--10",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Tropp:1995:CQD}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Godfrey:1993:CNP,
  author =       "M. D. Godfrey and D. F. Hendry",
  title =        "The Computer as {von Neumann} Planned It",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--21",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1011abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1011.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1993:OUF,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "The Origins, Uses, and Fate of the {EDVAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--38",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1022abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Carlson:1993:TIT,
  author =       "Walter M. Carlson",
  title =        "Transforming an Industry Through Information
                 Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1039abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1039.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fisher:1993:DEB,
  author =       "Amy Weaver Fisher and James L. McKenney",
  title =        "The Development of the {ERMA} Banking System: Lessons
                 from History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1044.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1993:Ha,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "58--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1058.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1993:Aa,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Ba,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1993:R,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:AIb,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPb,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jacobi:1993:CQD,
  author =       "George T. Jacobi",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Joe Desch}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bennett:1993:CQDa,
  author =       "J. M. Bennett",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Computing at the
                 {University of Cambridge}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--7",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Roberts:1993:CQD,
  author =       "C. J. D. Roberts",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage} and
                 {Clement}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bennett:1993:CQDb,
  author =       "J. M. Bennett",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Still More on
                 Mechanical Delay Lines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Small:1993:GPE,
  author =       "James S. Small",
  title =        "General-Purpose Electronic Analog Computing:
                 1945--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a2008abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2008.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Clymer:1993:MAC,
  author =       "A. Ben Clymer",
  title =        "The Mechanical Analog Computers of {Hannibal Ford} and
                 {William Newell}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a2019abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2019.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:EHA,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "{Edwin L. Harder} and the {Anacom}: Analog Computing
                 at {Westinghouse}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a2035abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2035.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1993:Hb,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2053.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1993:Ab,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "54--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2054.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Bb,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1993:Ra,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1993:AI,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPc,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:BWM,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Birthday Wishes to {Maurice V. Wilkes}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1993:GI,
  author =       "Geof Bowker and Richard Giordano",
  title =        "General Introduction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pickstone:1993:MH,
  author =       "J. V. Pickstone and Geof Bowker",
  title =        "The {Manchester} Heritage",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3007abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:1993:BMC,
  author =       "Mary Croarken",
  title =        "The Beginnings of the {Manchester} Computer
                 Phenomenon: People and Influences",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--16",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3009abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3009.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1993:ITK,
  author =       "Geof Bowker and Richard Giordano",
  title =        "Interview with {Tom Kilburn}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3017abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3017.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Saunders:1993:ATB,
  author =       "P. T. Saunders",
  title =        "{Alan Turing} and Biology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3033abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3033.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tweedale:1993:MCP,
  author =       "Geoffrey Tweedale",
  title =        "A {Manchester} Computer Pioneer: {Ferranti} in
                 Retrospect",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "37--43",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3037abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3037.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lavington:1993:MCA,
  author =       "Simon H. Lavington",
  title =        "{Manchester} Computer Architectures, 1948--1975",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "44--54",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3044.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Giordano:1993:ICR,
  author =       "Richard Giordano",
  title =        "Institutional Change and Regeneration: {A} Biography
                 of the {Computer Science Department} at the {University
                 of Manchester}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3055abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Bc,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1993:Rb,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "72--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3072.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:AIc,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPd,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Todd:1993:CQD,
  author =       "John Todd",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Alwin Walther}
                 (1898--1967)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--6",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McKenney:1993:MEB,
  author =       "James L. McKenney and Amy Weaver Fisher",
  title =        "Manufacturing the {ERMA} Banking System: Lessons from
                 History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a4007abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vonNeumann:1993:FDR,
  author =       "John von Neumann",
  title =        "First Draft of a Report on the {EDVAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--75",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  note =         "Edited and corrected by Michael D. Godfrey.",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a4027abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4027.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxpages =      "27--??",
}

@Article{ONeill:1993:Hc,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1993:Ac,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "79--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4079.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Bd,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "84--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4084.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1993:Rc,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "87--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4087.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:I,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1993 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "89--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4089.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1994:AIa,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Crowe:1994:LBS,
  author =       "Gregory D. Crowe and Seymour E. Goodman",
  title =        "{S. A. Lebedev} and the Birth of {Soviet} Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fritz:1994:EPS,
  author =       "W. Barkley Fritz",
  title =        "{ENIAC} --- {A} Problem Solver",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--45",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1025abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1025.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Elzen:1994:SLS,
  author =       "Boelie Elzen and Donald MacKenzie",
  title =        "The Social Limits of Speed: The Development and Use of
                 Supercomputers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1046abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1046.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eklund:1994:RAA,
  author =       "Jon Eklund",
  title =        "The {Reservisor Automated Airline Reservation System}:
                 Combining Communications and Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1062abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1994:H,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Ba,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1071.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Ra,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weierud:1994:RCI,
  author =       "Frode Weierud",
  title =        "Reviews: {{\em Codebreakers: The Inside Story of
                 Bletchley Park}} --- A Book Review",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--79",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1994:UFU,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "{UTEC} and {Ferut}: The {University of Toronto}'s
                 {Computation Centre}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hume:1994:DSS,
  author =       "J. N. Patterson Hume",
  title =        "Development of Systems Software for the {Ferut}
                 Computer at the {University of Toronto}, 1952 to 1955",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2013abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2013.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Vardalas:1994:DFT,
  author =       "John Vardalas",
  title =        "From {DATAR} to the {FP-6000}: Technological Change in
                 a {Canadian} Industrial Context",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2020abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2020.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dornian:1994:RTC,
  author =       "Alan Dornian",
  title =        "{ReserVec}: {Trans-Canada Air Lines}' Computerized
                 Reservation System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2031abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2031.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Petiot:1994:DGD,
  author =       "Linda Petiot",
  title =        "{Dirty Gertie}: The {DRTE} Computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "43--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2043abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2043.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Bb,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Rb,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2073.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1994:AIb,
  author =       "John A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dumey:1994:CQD,
  author =       "Arnold I. Dumey",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Scritchers}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--4",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bletchley Park; cryptography",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1994:CBA,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the Assurance of Lives",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3005abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vandenEnde:1994:NFP,
  author =       "Jan van den Ende",
  title =        "The Number Factory: Punched-Card Machines at the
                 {Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3015abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3015.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Luebke:1994:LVO,
  author =       "David Martin Luebke and Sybil Milton",
  title =        "Locating the Victim: An Overview of Census-Taking,
                 Tabulation Technology, and Persecution in {Nazi
                 Germany}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3025abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3025.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Krull:1994:OCG,
  author =       "Fred N. Krull",
  title =        "The Origin of Computer Graphics within {General
                 Motors}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3040abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3040.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1994:Ha,
  author =       "Geoffrey C. Bowker",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1994:A,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "59--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Bc,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3061.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Rc,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1994:AI,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:1994:SIP,
  author =       "Thomas J. Bergin",
  title =        "Special Issue on Programming Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Randell:1994:OCP,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "The Origins of Computer Programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4006abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cowlishaw:1994:EHR,
  author =       "Mike Cowlishaw",
  title =        "The Early History of {REXX}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15--24",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4015abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4015.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holmevik:1994:CSH,
  author =       "Jan Rune Holmevik",
  title =        "Compiling {SIMULA}: {A} Historical Study of
                 Technological Genesis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4025abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4025.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Whiting:1994:HDF,
  author =       "Paul G. Whiting and Robert S. V. Pascoe",
  title =        "A History of Data-Flow Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4038abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4038.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1994:AAS,
  author =       "William Aspray and Bernard O. Williams",
  title =        "Arming {American} Scientists: {NSF} and the Provision
                 of Scientific Computing Facilities for Universities,
                 1950--1973",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4060abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1994:Hb,
  author =       "Geoffrey C. Bowker",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4075.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Bd,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Rd,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1994:I,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1994 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "95--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4095.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:YAB,
  author =       "John A. N. Lee and Golde Holtzman",
  title =        "50 Years After Breaking the Codes: Interviews with Two
                 of the {Bletchley Park} Scientists",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "32--43",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{DeWit:1995:CBH,
  author =       "D. {De Wit}",
  title =        "Caught between historical experience and high hopes:
                 automation at the {Dutch Postal Cheque and Clearing
                 Service}, 1950--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--21",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8635/00380268.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{VanDenEnde:1995:CIO,
  author =       "J. {Van Den Ende}",
  title =        "Computers and industrial organization: early sources
                 of `just in time' production in the {Dutch} steel
                 industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22--32",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8635/00380269.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1995:WFA,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "The way to the first automatic sequence-controlled
                 calculator: the 1935 {DEHOMAG D 11} tabulator",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--49",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8635/00380270.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:JPE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{J. Presper Eckert}, 1919--1995",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397053.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:JVA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{John V. Atanasoff}, 1903--1995",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397052.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Buchholz:1995:CQD,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Editorial Note:
                 {William Friedman}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397054.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tropp:1995:CQD,
  author =       "Henry S. Tropp",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Correction: {Turing}'s
                 Visit to the {United States}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  note =         "See \cite{Tropp:1993:CQD}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397054.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mackenzie:1995:APH,
  author =       "D. Mackenzie",
  title =        "The automation of proof: a historical and sociological
                 exploration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--29",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:R,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Resolution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397058.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Copeland:1995:SDI,
  author =       "D. G. Copeland and R. O. Mason and J. L. McKenney",
  title =        "Sabre: the development of information-based competence
                 and execution of information-based competition",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30--57",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Greenstein:1995:LCS,
  author =       "S. M. Greenstein",
  title =        "Lock-in and the costs of switching mainframe computer
                 vendors in the {US} federal government in the 1970s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "58--66",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397061.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Polachek:1995:HJM,
  author =       "H. Polachek",
  title =        "History of the journal {Mathematical Tables and other
                 Aids to Computation}, 1959--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "67--74",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:GC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Generations of calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1995:Ca,
  author =       "E. Swartzlander",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75--77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397063.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1995:A,
  author =       "J. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397064.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:CM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Calvin Mooers} (1919--1994)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397066.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:OCM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Obituaries: {Calvin Mooers}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397079.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1995:B,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397065.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:AI,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477429.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1995:Cb,
  author =       "E. Swartzlander",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477430.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Seidel:1995:CBI,
  author =       "R. W. Seidel",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage Institute Director}'s Column",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477431.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wood:1995:CSC,
  author =       "H. M. Wood",
  title =        "{Computer Society} Celebrates 50 Years",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477432.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:SKS,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "On {``Babbage and Kings''} and {``How sausage was
                 made''}: and now for the rest of the story",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--23",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477433.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:RFG,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "The rise and fall of the {General Electric
                 Corporation} computer department",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "24--45",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477434.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Oldfield:1995:GEE,
  author =       "H. R. Oldfield",
  title =        "{General Electric} enters the computer business ---
                 revisited",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "46--55",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477435.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Couleur:1995:CBC,
  author =       "J. Couleur",
  title =        "The core of the {Black Canyon Computer Corporation}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "56--60",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477436.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McKenney:1995:DCM,
  author =       "J. L. McKenney",
  title =        "Developing a common machine language for banking: the
                 {ABA} technical subcommittee story",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61--75",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477621.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1995:RAD,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "The role of {ARPA} in the development of the
                 {ARPANET}, 1961--1972",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--81",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477437.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1996:NE,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "New {EIC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476554.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1996:AI,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "About This Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476555.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Winegrad:1996:CBM,
  author =       "D. Winegrad",
  title =        "Celebrating the birth of modern computing: the
                 fiftieth anniversary of a discovery at the {Moore
                 School of Engineering} of the {University of
                 Pennsylvania}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--9",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476556.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goldstine:1996:ENI,
  author =       "H. H. Goldstine and A. Goldstine",
  title =        "The {Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer}
                 ({ENIAC})",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--16",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:50:50 2003",
  note =         "Reprint of 1946 technical report and \cite{Goldstine:1946:ENI}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476557.pdf",
  abstract =     "It is our purpose in the succeeding pages to give a
                 brief description of the ENIAC and an indication of the
                 kinds of problems for which it can be used. This
                 general purpose electronic computing machine was
                 recently made public by the Army Ordnance Department
                 for which it was developed by the Moore School of
                 Electrical Engineering. The machine was developed
                 primarily for the purpose of calculating firing tablcs
                 for the armed forces. Its design is, however,
                 sufficiently general to permit the solution of a large
                 class of numerical problems which could hardly be
                 attempted by more conventional computing tools.\par

                 In order easily to obtain sufficient accuracy for
                 scientific computations, the ENIAC was designed as a
                 digital device. The equipment normally handles signed
                 10-digit numbers expressed in the decimal system. It
                 is, however, so constructed that operations with as
                 many as 20 digits are possible.\par

                 The machine is automatically sequenced in the sense
                 that all instructions needed to carry out a computation
                 are given to it before the computation commences. It
                 will be seen below how these instructions are given to
                 the machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Marcus:1996:EAE,
  author =       "Mitchell Marcus and Atsushi Akera",
  title =        "Exploring the Architecture of an Early Machine: The
                 Historical Relevance of the {ENIAC} Machine
                 Architecture",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--24",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:35:25 2002",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476558.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eckstein:1996:JPE,
  author =       "P. Eckstein",
  title =        "{J. Presper Eckert}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--44",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476559.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Costello:1996:TBE,
  author =       "J. Costello",
  title =        "As the twig is bent: the early life of {John
                 Mauchly}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476560.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:1996:EVS,
  author =       "D. A. Grier",
  title =        "The {ENIAC}, the verb ``to program'' and the emergence
                 of digital computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--55",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476561.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1996:Ha,
  author =       "G. Bowker",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476562.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:OGS,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Obituaries: {Gerard Salton}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476564.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smillie:1996:HCS,
  author =       "K. Smillie and E. Weiss",
  title =        "The History of Computing Science at the {University of
                 Alberta}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476568.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:GCT,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "{Grosch} Claims Title of {``Oldest Living
                 Computer''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476567.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:NWM,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "{Neil Wiseman Memorial Fund}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476566.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Takahashi:1996:BHJ,
  author =       "S. Takahashi",
  title =        "A Brief History of the {Japanese} Computer Industry
                 Before 1985",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476569.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:KZO,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "{Konrad Zuse} Obituary",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489747.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Seidel:1996:GEI,
  author =       "R. W. Seidel",
  title =        "{Guest Editor}'s Introduction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00490111.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pugh:1996:CCIa,
  author =       "E. W. Pugh and W. Aspray",
  title =        "Creating the Computer Industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00490112.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pugh:1996:CCIb,
  author =       "E. W. Pugh and W. Aspray",
  title =        "Creating the computer industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7--17",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489720.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:1996:CAD,
  author =       "J. W. Cortada",
  title =        "Commercial applications of the digital computer in
                 {American} corporations, 1945--1995",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18--29",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489721.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Usselman:1996:FCC,
  author =       "S. W. Usselman",
  title =        "Fostering a capacity for compromise: business,
                 government, and the stages of innovation in {American}
                 computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--39",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489748.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Norberg:1996:CCC,
  author =       "A. L. Norberg",
  title =        "Changing computing: the computing community and
                 {DARPA}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "40--53",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489723.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1996:SWF,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{``Those who forget the lessons of history are doomed
                 to repeat it''}: or, Why {I} study the history of
                 computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "54--62",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489724.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:B,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489725.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:BAR,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "{BYTE}, 20th Anniversary Report [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489727.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:CPR,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Computing Perspectives [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489726.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Toole:1996:ABL,
  author =       "B. A. Toole",
  title =        "{Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace}, an analyst and
                 metaphysician",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--12",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511939.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Barkley-Fitz:1996:WE,
  author =       "W. Barkley-Fitz",
  title =        "The Women of {Eniac}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13--23",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fritz:1996:WE,
  author =       "W. B. Fritz",
  title =        "The women of {ENIAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13--28",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511940.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gurer:1996:WCE,
  author =       "D. W. Gurer",
  title =        "Women's contributions to early computing at the
                 {National Bureau of Standards}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29--35",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511941.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goyal:1996:WCH,
  author =       "A. Goyal",
  title =        "Women in computing: historical roles, the perpetual
                 glass ceiling, and current opportunities",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36--42",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511942.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Estrin:1996:WSC,
  author =       "T. Estrin",
  title =        "Women's studies and computer science: their
                 intersection",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "43--46",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511943.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Adam:1996:CGH,
  author =       "A. Adam",
  title =        "Constructions of gender in the history of artificial
                 intelligence",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47--53",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511944.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:EHD,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "The Early History of Data Networks [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511945.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:ER,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Enigma [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511946.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Nyce:1996:GEI,
  author =       "J. M. Nyce",
  title =        "{Guest Editor}'s Introduction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539910.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowles:1996:UTE,
  author =       "M. D. Bowles",
  title =        "{U.S.} technological enthusiasm and {British}
                 technological skepticism in the age of the analog
                 brain",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--15",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539911.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holst:1996:SRO,
  author =       "P. A. Holst",
  title =        "{Svein Rosseland} and the {Oslo} analyzer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539912.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Johansson:1996:EAC,
  author =       "M. Johansson",
  title =        "Early analog computers in {Sweden} --- with examples
                 from {Chalmers University of Technology} and the
                 {Swedish} aerospace industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--33",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539913.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Owens:1996:WWG,
  author =       "L. Owens",
  title =        "Where are we going, {Phil Morse}? {Changing} agendas
                 and the rhetoric of obviousness in the transformation
                 of computing at {MIT}, 1939--1957",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--41",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539914.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tympas:1996:DAB,
  author =       "A. Tympas",
  title =        "From digital to analog and back: the ideology of
                 intelligent machines in the history of the electrical
                 analyzer, 1870s--1960s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "42--48",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539915.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Puchta:1996:RMM,
  author =       "S. Puchta",
  title =        "On the role of mathematics and mathematical knowledge
                 in the invention of {Vannevar Bush}'s early analog
                 computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--59",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539916.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1996:CVH,
  author =       "J. Tomayko",
  title =        "Computers vs. the Human Race",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539917.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:O,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Obituaries",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539918.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Preston:1996:C,
  author =       "F. Preston",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--64",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539919.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Burns:1996:CQD,
  author =       "Coral Burns and Natalie Simpson",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Another Difference
                 Engine, or Who Was {Berry}?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65--65",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539920.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Good:1996:CQD,
  author =       "I. J. Good and Donald Michie",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: 50 Years After Breaking
                 the Codes: {A} Disclaimer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65--66",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539920.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1996:Hb,
  author =       "G. Bowker",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "67",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539921.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:CWM,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Collected works of {A. M. Turing} --- morphogenesis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539923.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:TCU,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "The trouble with computers: {Usefulness}, usability
                 and productivity",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539922.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holzmann:1996:EHD,
  author =       "Gerald J. Holzmann and Bjorn Pehrson",
  title =        "The Early History of Data Networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1997:CDA,
  author =       "P. Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Crossing the divide: architectural issues and the
                 emergence of the stored program computer, 1935--1955",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--12",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560724.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:1997:AE,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Arithmetic on the {EDSAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--15",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560726.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Katz:1997:HCC,
  author =       "Kaila Katz",
  title =        "Historical content in computer science texts: a
                 concern",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--19",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560727.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shapiro:1997:SDH,
  author =       "S. Shapiro",
  title =        "Splitting the difference: the historical necessity of
                 synthesis in software engineering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--54",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560729.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Reitwiesner:1997:FOS,
  author =       "G. W. Reitwiesner",
  title =        "The first operating system for the {EDVAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--59",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560738.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:A,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--64",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560740.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:B,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--73",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560742.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1997:KSD,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{King of the Seven Dwarfs}, {General Electric}'s
                 Ambiguous Challenge to the Computer Industry [Book
                 Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--79",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560749.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1997:ICS,
  author =       "M. Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The International Computer Software Industry: {A}
                 Comparative Study of Industry Evolution and Structure
                 [Book Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "79--79",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560750.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Seidel:1997:KME,
  author =       "R. W. Seidel",
  title =        "Knowing Machines: Essays on Technical Change",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "79--80",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560751.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:CBP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{The Colossus of Bletchley Park}, {IEEE Rev.}, vol.
                 41, no. 2, pp. 55--59 [Book Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--80",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560758.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:SBE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{I} Sing the Body Electronic: {A} Year With
                 {Microsoft} on the Multimedia Frontier [Book Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--80",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560757.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:WLM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The World's Largest Machine: Global Telecommunications
                 and the Human Condition [Book Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--80",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12228/00560755.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rojas:1997:KZL,
  author =       "R. Rojas",
  title =        "{Konrad Zuse}'s legacy: the architecture of the {Z1}
                 and {Z3}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--16",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586067.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Giloi:1997:KZP,
  author =       "Wolfgang K. Giloi",
  title =        "{Konrad Zuse}'s {Plankalk{\"u}l}: the first
                 high-level, ``non {von Neumann}'' programming
                 language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17--24",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586068.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Polachek:1997:BEW,
  author =       "H. Polachek",
  title =        "Before the {ENIAC} [weapons firing table
                 calculations]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "25--30",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586069.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1997:LVN,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "Locating the victims: the nonrole of punched card
                 technology and census work",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--45",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Huskey:1997:SDF,
  author =       "H. D. Huskey and R. Thorensen and B. F. Ambrosio and
                 E. C. Yowell",
  title =        "The {SWAC} design features and operating experience",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "46--50",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586072.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Huskey:1997:SSW,
  author =       "H. D. Huskey",
  title =        "{SWAC} --- {Standards Western Automatic Computer}: the
                 {Pioneer Day} session at {NCC July 1978}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--61",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586073.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kaplan:1997:A,
  author =       "E. Kaplan",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--69",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586074.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Forest:1997:B,
  author =       "R. B. Forest",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "70--73",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/12737/00586075.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1997:IMW,
  author =       "W. Aspray",
  title =        "The {Intel 4004} microprocessor: what constituted
                 invention?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--15",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13172/00601727.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Barnes:1997:DCE,
  author =       "S. B. Barnes",
  title =        "{Douglas Carl Engelbart}: developing the underlying
                 concepts for contemporary computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13172/00601730.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:1997:EPM,
  author =       "J. W. Cortada",
  title =        "Economic preconditions that made possible application
                 of commercial computing in the {United States}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--40",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13172/00601734.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{MacKenzie:1997:MTT,
  author =       "D. MacKenzie and G. Pottinger",
  title =        "Mathematics, technology, and trust: formal
                 verification, computer security, and the {U}.{S}.
                 military",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "41--59",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13172/00601735.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Yates:1997:EIB,
  author =       "J. Yates",
  title =        "Early interactions between the life insurance and
                 computer industries: the {Prudential}'s {Edmund C.
                 Berkeley}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "60--73",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13172/00601736.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1997:AI,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--4",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13659/00627894.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Baber:1997:CES,
  author =       "R. L. Baber",
  title =        "Comparison of electrical ``engineering'' of
                 {Heaviside}'s times and software ``engineering'' of our
                 times",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--17",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13659/00627895.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:1997:GBM,
  author =       "D. A. Grier",
  title =        "{Gertrude Blanch} of the {Mathematical Tables
                 Project}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--27",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13659/00627896.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Heide:1997:STA,
  author =       "L. Heide",
  title =        "Shaping a technology: {American} punched card systems
                 1880--1914",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--41",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13659/00627897.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{King:1997:FHH,
  author =       "J. King and W. A. Shelly",
  title =        "A family history of {Honeywell}'s large-scale computer
                 systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "42--46",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13659/00627898.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holmes:1997:TA,
  author =       "N. Holmes",
  title =        "A tale of assembly",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "47--49",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/13659/00627899.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Raman:1997:KFM,
  author =       "Anand V. Raman",
  title =        "The {Katapayadi} Formula and the Modern Hashing
                 Technique",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--52",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check page number overlap with
                 \cite{Shapiro:1997:SDH}.",
}

@Article{Wolcott:1998:IPM,
  author =       "P. Wolcott and M. N. Dorojevets",
  title =        "The {Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer
                 Technology} and the {El'brus} family of high-speed
                 computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--14",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646204.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Speiser:1998:IRL,
  author =       "A. P. Speiser",
  title =        "{IBM Research Laboratory Zurich}: The Early Years",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--28",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646205.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stierhoff:1998:HIS,
  author =       "G. C. Stierhoff and A. G. Davis",
  title =        "A history of the {IBM Systems Journal}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--35",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646206.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Johnson:1998:VHS,
  author =       "L. Johnson",
  title =        "A view from the 1960s: how the software industry
                 began",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--42",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646207.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Postley:1998:MIE,
  author =       "J. A. Postley",
  title =        "Mark {IV}: evolution of the software product, a
                 memoir",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--50",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646208.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1998:OMR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Obituary {Mina S. Rees}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--66",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646216.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Otnes:1998:C,
  author =       "R. Otnes",
  title =        "The Calcumeter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--69",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646210.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1998:BPA,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "{Blaise Pascal}'s adding machine: new findings and
                 conclusions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--76",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646211.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Akera:1998:BIS,
  author =       "A. Akera",
  title =        "Building {IBM}: Shaping An Industry And Its
                 Technologies [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--82",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646212.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:1998:TCC,
  author =       "J. W. Cortada",
  title =        "The timetable of computers: a chronology of the most
                 important people and events in the history of computers
                 [Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--83",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646213.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Nunemacher:1998:SPC,
  author =       "J. Nunemacher and P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Selected Papers On Computer Science",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--83",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14098/00646215.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kirsch:1998:SSI,
  author =       "R. A. Kirsch",
  title =        "{SEAC} and the start of image processing at the
                 {National Bureau of Standards}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7--13",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667290.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bissell:1998:WIF,
  author =       "D. Bissell",
  title =        "Was the {IDIIOM} the first stand-alone {CAD}
                 platform?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--19",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667292.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fallon:1998:ECG,
  author =       "K. K. Fallon",
  title =        "Early computer graphics developments in the
                 architecture, engineering and construction industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20--29",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667293.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wright:1998:HTC,
  author =       "T. Wright",
  title =        "History and technology of computer fonts",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--34",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667294.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bloomenthal:1998:GR,
  author =       "J. Bloomenthal and R. E. Barnhill and B. A. Barsky and
                 P. Bezier and R. Forrest and N. Max and D. M. Palyka
                 and D. F. Rogers and H. Rushmeier and A. R. Smith and
                 R. Stock and N. M. Thalmann and D. Thalmann",
  title =        "Graphics remembrances",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--51",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667296.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wyvill:1998:ECG,
  author =       "B. Wyvill",
  title =        "Experiences With Computer Graphics in the {United
                 Kingdom} in the 1970's",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "52--54",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667302.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McTiernan:1998:EP,
  author =       "C. E. McTiernan",
  title =        "The {ENIAC} patent",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "54--58, 80",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667303.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1998:RFC,
  author =       "J. Lee",
  title =        "{Richard F. Clippinger}: 1913--1997",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "59--59",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667308.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1998:RWH,
  author =       "Jan Lee",
  title =        "{Richard Wesley Hamming}: 1915--1998",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "60--62",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667309.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1998:HH,
  author =       "E. A. Weiss",
  title =        "{Helmut Hoelzer}: 1912--1996",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--63",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667310.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Simon:1998:AN,
  author =       "H. A. Simon",
  title =        "{Allen Newell}: 1927--1992",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "63--76",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667311.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1998:ICS,
  author =       "G. C. Bowker",
  title =        "{IEEE Computer Society} Awards",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "79--80",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667312.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1998:IMH,
  author =       "G. C. Bowker",
  title =        "1998 {IEEE Medal of Honor}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "80--80",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667313.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Machover:1998:IAV,
  author =       "C. Machover",
  title =        "An Interview With {Andries Van Dam}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "81--84",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/14609/00667314.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shelburne:1998:EPM,
  author =       "B. J. Shelburne and C. P. Burton",
  title =        "Early programs on the {Manchester Mark I} Prototype",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--15",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707570.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gray:1998:SRT,
  author =       "G. Gray and R. Smith",
  title =        "{Sperry Rand}'s transistor computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707571.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cohen:1998:HAN,
  author =       "I. B. Cohen",
  title =        "{Howard Aiken} on the number of computers needed for
                 the nation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--32",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707572.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:1998:MTP,
  author =       "D. A. Grier",
  title =        "The {Math Tables Project} of the work projects
                 administration: the reluctant start of the computing
                 era",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33--50",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707573.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rojas:1998:HMZ,
  author =       "R. Rojas",
  title =        "How to make {Zuse}'s {Z3} a universal computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "51--54",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707574.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Logue:1998:VTV,
  author =       "J. C. Logue",
  title =        "From vacuum tubes to very large scale integration: a
                 personal memoir",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--68",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707575.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1998:BJM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Biographies, {John Mourice McClean Pinkerton}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "69--71",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707576.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Flamm:1998:C,
  author =       "B. Flamm",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "72--73",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707577.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1998:LOW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Larry Owens} wins {IEEE Life Member Prize} for his
                 {Annals} article on {MIT}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "76--76",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707578.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Swerdlow:1998:CCR,
  author =       "N. M. Swerdlow",
  title =        "Calendrical Calculations [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "78--78",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707580.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Norberg:1998:TNU,
  author =       "A. L. Norberg",
  title =        "Trapped in the Net: The unanticipated consequences of
                 computerization [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79--80",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15262/00707583.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1998:SEC,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Stalking the elusive computer bug",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--9",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728224.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1998:SWC,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "The ``Last word'' on {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--14",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728225.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eckert:1998:SDC,
  author =       "J. P. {Eckert Jr.}",
  title =        "A survey of digital computer memory systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15--28",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728227.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bromley:1998:CBA,
  author =       "A. G. Bromley",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s {Analytical Engine}, 1838",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--45",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728228.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1998:PEE,
  author =       "M. Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Programming the {EDSAC}: early programming activity at
                 the {University of Cambridge}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "46--67",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728229.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Backus:1998:HFI,
  author =       "J. Backus",
  title =        "The history of {Fortran} {I}, {II}, and {III}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "68--78",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728232.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1998:ASH,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "Alternate Sources of History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "79--80",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728233.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Impagliazzo:1999:HCC,
  author =       "J. Impagliazzo and M. Campbell-Kelly and G. Davies and
                 J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "History in the computing curriculum",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--16",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759364.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Howlett:1999:ACL,
  author =       "J. Howlett",
  title =        "The {Atlas Computer Laboratory}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--23",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759365.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ibbett:1999:UMM,
  author =       "R. N. Ibbett",
  title =        "The {University of Manchester MU5} project",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--33",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759366.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rohl:1999:IPL,
  author =       "J. S. Rohl",
  title =        "The influence of programming languages on the design
                 of {MU5}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--37",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759367.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kirstein:1999:EEA,
  author =       "P. T. Kirstein",
  title =        "Early experiences with the {Arpanet} and {Internet} in
                 the {United Kingdom}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--44",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759368.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1999:A,
  author =       "J. E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--47",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759369.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1999:B,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--65",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759370.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Zwerman:1999:POH,
  author =       "W. L. Zwerman",
  title =        "Profession/occupation without a history",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--70",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759371.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:1999:ES,
  author =       "D. A. Grier",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--75",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759372.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1999:EME,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Engines of the mind: the evolution of computer from
                 mainframes to microprocessors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--77",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759373.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1999:DAM,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "{Darwin} among the machines: {The} evolution of global
                 intelligence",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "77--78",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759374.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1999:JMH,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Journey to the moon: the history of the {Apollo
                 Guidance Computer}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--79",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:45 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16436/00759376.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brosveet:1999:ISM,
  author =       "J. Brosveet",
  title =        "{IBM} salesman meets {Norwegian} tax collector:
                 computer entrepreneurs in the making",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--13",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16485/00761790.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Johansson:1999:BBG,
  author =       "M. Johansson",
  title =        "{Big Blue} gets beaten: the technological and
                 political controversy of the first large {Swedish}
                 computerization project in a rhetoric of technology
                 perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--30",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16485/00761791.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kluver:1999:RIC,
  author =       "P. V. Kluver",
  title =        "From research institute to computer company:
                 {Regnecentralen} 1946--1964",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--43",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16485/00761793.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Vehvilainen:1999:GCR,
  author =       "M. Vehvilainen",
  title =        "Gender and computing in retrospect: the case of
                 {Finland}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "44--51",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16485/00761794.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Persson:1999:TAC,
  author =       "P.-A. Persson",
  title =        "Transformation of the analog: the case of the {Saab BT
                 33} artillery fire control simulator and the
                 introduction of the digital computer as control
                 technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "52--64",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16485/00761795.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1999:WCA,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "When could anyone have seen {Leibniz}'s stepped
                 wheel?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "68--72",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/16485/00761796.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Prokhorov:1999:CRS,
  author =       "S. P. Prokhorov",
  title =        "Computers in {Russia}: science, education, and
                 industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--15",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778978.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Klimenko:1999:CSR,
  author =       "S. V. Klimenko",
  title =        "Computer science in {Russia}: a personal view",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16--30",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778979.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Telksnys:1999:CL,
  author =       "L. Telksnys and A. Zilinskas",
  title =        "Computers in {Lithuania}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--37",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778980.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dujnic:1999:HCS,
  author =       "J. Dujnic and N. Fristacky and L. Molnar and I.
                 Plander and B. Rovan",
  title =        "On the history of computer science, computer
                 engineering, and computer technology development in
                 {Slovakia}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "38--48",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778981.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Szentgyorgyi:1999:SHC,
  author =       "Z. Szentgyorgyi",
  title =        "A short history of computing in {Hungary}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49--57",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778982.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:HCD,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "History of computer developments in {Romania}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "58--60",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778983.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stolyarov:1999:CBC,
  author =       "G. K. Stolyarov",
  title =        "Computers in {Belarus}: chronology of the main
                 events",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61--70",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778984.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:RJL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Robert John Lansdown}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "66--67",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778985.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:JL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{John Lions}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "67--67",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778986.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:CM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles E. Molnar}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "67--69",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778987.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:JP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Jonathan Postel}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "69--70",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778988.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Guice:1999:JAE,
  author =       "J. Guice",
  title =        "{James A. Anderson} and {Edward Rosenfeld}, Eds.,
                 {{\em Talking Nets: An Oral History of Neural
                 Networks\/}} [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75--75",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778990.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smilie:1999:DED,
  author =       "K. Smilie",
  title =        "{David Ewing Duncan}, {{\em Calendar: Humanity's Epic
                 Struggle to Determine a True and Accurate Year\/}}
                 [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75--75",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778989.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Misa:1999:SKS,
  author =       "T. J. Misa",
  title =        "{Susanne K. Schmidt} and {Raymund Werle}, {{\em
                 Coordinating Technology: Studies in the International
                 Standardization of Telecommunications\/}} [Book
                 Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "76--77",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/16907/00778992.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1999:CCD,
  author =       "W. Aspray",
  title =        "Command and control, documentation, and library
                 science: the origins of information science at the
                 {University of Pittsburgh}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--20",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801528.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Buck:1999:WSJ,
  author =       "G. H. Buck and S. M. Hunka",
  title =        "{W. Stanley Jevons}, {Allan Marquand}, and the origins
                 of digital computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--27",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801529.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{DeMarco:1999:ECI,
  author =       "G. {De Marco} and G. Mainetto and S. Pisani and P.
                 Savino",
  title =        "The early computers of {Italy}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--36",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801530.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gass:1999:PMM,
  author =       "S. I. Gass",
  title =        "{Project Mercury}'s man-in-space real-time computer
                 system: ``you have a go, at least seven orbits''",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--48",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801531.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Harris:1999:ESS,
  author =       "J. R. Harris",
  title =        "The earliest solid-state digital computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--54",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801532.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brown:1999:FTF,
  author =       "L. C. Brown",
  title =        "Flyable {TRADIC}: the first airborne transistorized
                 digital computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "55--61",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801533.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1999:LWP,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "{Leo Wenzel Pollak} (1888--1964): {Czechoslovakian}
                 pioneer in scientific data processing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--68",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801534.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:OPI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Overcoming pilot-induced oscillations in the space
                 shuttle",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69--70",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801535.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:1999:CJC,
  author =       "M. Croarken",
  title =        "Case 5,656: {L. J. Comrie} and the origins of the
                 {Scientific Computing Service Ltd.}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "70--71",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801536.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Meyers:1999:IFE,
  author =       "G. E. Meyers",
  title =        "{IBM} field engineering experiences: a personal
                 memoir",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "72--76",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801537.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bassett:1999:FSN,
  author =       "R. Bassett",
  title =        "{Frederick Seitz} and {Norman G. Einspruch}, {{\em
                 Electronic Genie: The Tangled History of Silicon\/}}
                 [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "81--82",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801538.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smith:1999:TPH,
  author =       "T. M. Smith",
  title =        "{Thomas P. Hughes}, {{\em Rescuing Prometheus\/}}
                 [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "82--82",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801539.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1999:JYF,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{Jeffrey Young}, {{\em Forbes' Greatest Technology
                 Stories\/}} [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "82--83",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17389/00801541.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Birkenstock:2000:PFE,
  author =       "J. W. Birkenstock",
  title =        "Pioneering: on the frontier of electronic data
                 processing, a personal memoir",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--47",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815465.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2000:ACC,
  author =       "D. A. Grier",
  title =        "Agricultural computing and the context for {John
                 Atanasoff}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--61",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815466.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2000:HAT,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{Howard Aiken}'s third machine: the {Howard Mark III}
                 calculator or {Aiken-Dahlgren} electronic calculator",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--81",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815467.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:2000:IRD,
  author =       "J. E. Tomayko",
  title =        "{Ida Rhodes} and the dreams of a human computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--85",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815468.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2000:B,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "86--87",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815469.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smillie:2000:MTC,
  author =       "K. Smillie",
  title =        "Mapping time. the calendar and its history",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "88--89",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815470.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2000:HAP,
  author =       "M. Croarken",
  title =        "{Howard Aiken}: portrait of a computer pioneer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "89--89",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815471.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:2000:MRF,
  author =       "E. A. Weiss",
  title =        "Magnetic recording, the first 100 years",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "90--90",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/17665/00815472.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:AMF,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "The adding machine fraternity at {St. Louis}: creating
                 a center of invention, 1880--1920",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "4--21",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841133.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hall:2000:FPD,
  author =       "E. C. Hall",
  title =        "From the farm to pioneering with digital control
                 computers: an autobiography",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22--31",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841134.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2000:SHB,
  author =       "D. A. Grier and M. Campbell",
  title =        "A social history of {Bitnet} and {Listserv},
                 1985--1991",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "32--41",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841135.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Estrin:2000:CNB,
  author =       "G. Estrin",
  title =        "Computer network-based scientific collaboration in the
                 energy research community, 1973--1977: a memoir",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "42--52",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841136.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2000:RSG,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee and G. E. Snively",
  title =        "The rise and sale of the {General Electric Computer
                 Department}: a further look",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--60",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841137.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:2000:Aa,
  author =       "J. E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "61--66",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841138.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2000:O,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Obituary",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67--68",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841139.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:MMP,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Making microchips: policy, globalization, and economic
                 restructuring in the semiconductor industry [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "75--76",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841140.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:BRS,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "In the beginning: recollections of software pioneers
                 [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "76--77",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841141.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:LBS,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Legal battles that shaped the computer industry
                 [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77--77",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841142.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:NBH,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "{Nerds 2.0.1}: a brief history of the {Internet}
                 [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77--79",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841143.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:CR,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Cryptonomicon [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "79--79",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841144.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:ICR,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Illustrators on the computer [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "80--80",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841149.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2000:WYN,
  author =       "P. A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Why you need to understand {Y2}k [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "80--80",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18190/00841150.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aris:2000:ISE,
  author =       "J. Aris",
  title =        "Inventing systems engineering [{LEO}]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--15",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18655/00859522.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Land:2000:FBC,
  author =       "F. Land",
  title =        "The first business computer: a case study in
                 user-driven innovation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18655/00859523.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2000:UBN,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee and C. Burke and D. Anderson",
  title =        "The {US Bombes}, {NCR}, {Joseph Desch}, and 600
                 {WAVES}: the first reunion of the {US Naval Computing
                 Machine Laboratory}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--41",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18655/00859524.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:2000:WEE,
  author =       "W. Aspray",
  title =        "Was early entry a competitive advantage? {US}
                 universities that entered computing in the 1940s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "42--87",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18655/00859525.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2000:ESa,
  author =       "A. Fitzpatrick and M. Croarken",
  title =        "Events and sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "88--92",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:46 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/18655/00859526.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2000:AI,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:2000:AB,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "{Allan Bromley}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:2000:ISA,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Introduction to {``Babbage's Analytical Engine Plans
                 28 and 28a --- The Programmer's Interface''} by {Allan
                 Bromley}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--5",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/a4004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4004.pdf;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887985.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bromley:2000:BAE,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "{Babbage's Analytical Engine Plans 28 and 28a}. {The}
                 programmer's interface",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--19",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/a4005abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4005.pdf;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887986.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2000:ICB,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Introduction to {Charles Babbage} Eulogy",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20--21",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887987.pdf;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4020.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dodge:2000:CBE,
  author =       "Nathaniel Shatswell Dodge",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} Eulogy (from the {Smithsonian}
                 Annual Report of 1873)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "22--43",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887988.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/a4022abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2000:BNR,
  author =       "Mary Croarken and Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Beautiful numbers: the rise and decline of the
                 {British Association Mathematical Tables Committee},
                 1871--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "44--61",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/a4044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4044.pdf;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887989.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:2000:CBC,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes",
  title =        "The cogwheel brain: {Charles Babbage} and the quest to
                 build the first computer [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--63",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887990.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:RPA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Reviews: {Peggy Aldrich Kidwell: The Cogwheel Brain:
                 Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First
                 Computer: Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush, Engineer of
                 the American Century: Dorothy Hodgkin: {A} Life:
                 {ENIAC}: The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's
                 First Computer: Inventing the Internet: Meaning in
                 Technology}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Riordan:2000:EFV,
  author =       "M. Riordan",
  title =        "Endless frontier: {Vannevar Bush}, engineer of the
                 {American} century [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "64--64",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887991.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2000:DHL,
  author =       "M. Croarken",
  title =        "{Dorothy Hodgkin}: a life",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65--65",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887992.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Akera:2000:ETT,
  author =       "A. Akera",
  title =        "{ENIAC}: the triumphs and tragedies of the world's
                 first computer [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65--66",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887993.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wallace:2000:IIB,
  author =       "H. D. Wallace",
  title =        "Inventing the {Internet} [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "66--67",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887994.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Post:2000:MTB,
  author =       "R. C. Post",
  title =        "Meaning in technology [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "67--68",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887995.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Buchholz:2000:WBC,
  author =       "W. Buchholz and M. Wilkes",
  title =        "Was {Babbage} caught in the act?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69--70",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887996.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:2000:CQD,
  author =       "Maurice Wilkes",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debates: Was {Babbage} caught
                 in the act?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69--70",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4069.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shapiro:2000:CQD,
  author =       "Fred R. Shapiro",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debates: Origin of the term
                 ``personal computer'': evidence from the {JSTOR}
                 electronic journal archive",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "70--71",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887997.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2000:AAC,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace}, 1815--1852 what
                 was her family name?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "72--73",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887999.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:2000:Ab,
  author =       "James Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "72--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4072.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2000:ESb,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick and Mary Croarken",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "77--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4077.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:AIC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "2000 Annual Index: Complete author and subject
                 listings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "80--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4080.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2000:TP,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "Think Piece",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2001:AIa,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gray:2001:SRT,
  author =       "George T. Gray and Ronald Q. Smith",
  title =        "{Sperry Rand}'s Third-Generation Computers
                 1964--1980",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a1003abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Doyle:2001:UNF,
  author =       "Robert Doyle",
  title =        "The {US Navy}'s First Online Crypto System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a1017abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1017.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2001:CIB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A Career Interview with {Bernie Galler}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a1022abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:2001:UTD,
  author =       "James W. Cortada",
  title =        "Using Textual Demographics to Understand Computer Use:
                 1950--1990",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a1034abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2001:ESa,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick and Mary Croarken",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2001:Ra,
  author =       "Peggy Aldrich Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2001:Ba,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1067.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tremblay:2001:A,
  author =       "Guy Tremblay",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:2001:C,
  author =       "Friedrich W. Kistermann",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1080.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Edwards:2001:TP,
  author =       "Paul N. Edwards",
  title =        "Think Piece",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a1088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2001:AIE,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue\slash From the {Editor}'s Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smith:2001:DPS,
  author =       "Alvy Ray Smith",
  title =        "Digital Paint Systems: An Anecdotal and Historical
                 Overview",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a2004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shoup:2001:SEF,
  author =       "Richard Shoup",
  title =        "{SuperPaint}: An Early Frame Buffer Graphics System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "32--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a2032abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2032.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2001:RFC,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "The Rise and Fall of the {Committee on Mathematical
                 Tables and Other Aids to Computation}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a2038abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2038.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:2001:CMN,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "{Calvin Mooers}, the {NOL} Computer Project, and {John
                 Vincent Atanasoff}: An Introduction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--50",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2050.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mooers:2001:CPN,
  author =       "Calvin N. {Mooers [1919--1994]}",
  title =        "The Computer Project at the {Naval Ordnance
                 Laboratory}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a2051abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2051.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2001:ESb,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick and Mary Croarken",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "68--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a2068x1.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2068.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2001:Rb,
  author =       "Peggy Aldrich Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "74--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2074.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2001:A,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "78--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2001:Bb,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "80--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2080.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:2001:TP,
  author =       "James Cortada",
  title =        "Think Piece",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a2088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2001:AIb,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3002abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2001:YIA,
  author =       "Peggy Aldrich Kidwell",
  title =        "`Yours for Improvement' --- The Adding Machines of
                 {Chicago}, 1884--1930",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--21",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3003abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Irvine:2001:EDC,
  author =       "M. M. Irvine",
  title =        "Early Digital Computers at {Bell Telephone
                 Laboratories}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22--42",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3022abs.htm
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Trimble:2001:BHC,
  author =       "George R. {Trimble, Jr.}",
  title =        "A Brief History of Computing: Memoirs of Living on the
                 Edge",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "44--59",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3044.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Head:2001:UPS,
  author =       "Robert V. Head.",
  title =        "{Univac}: {A} {Philadelphia} Story",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "60--63",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3060abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Head:2001:ELB,
  author =       "Robert V. Head",
  title =        "{ERMA}'s Lost Battalion",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "64--72",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3064abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3064.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Denning:2001:OVM,
  author =       "Peter J. Denning",
  title =        "Origin of Virtual Machines and Other Virtualities",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "73--73",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3073abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3073.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2001:ES,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "74--77",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3074abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3074.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2001:R,
  author =       "Peggy Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "78--81",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3078abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2001:B,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "82--86",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3082abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3082.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Abbate:2001:HM,
  author =       "Janet Abbate",
  title =        "Hands on the Machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "88, 87",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3088abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:2001:AET,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "{Adelle and Erwin Tomash}: Honoring a Couple's
                 Contributions to Computer History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a4002abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:2001:ETH,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "{Erwin Tomash}: His Life and Work",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--11",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Norberg:2001:PHC,
  author =       "Arthur L. Norberg",
  title =        "A Perspective on the History of the {Charles Babbage
                 Institute} and the {Charles Babbage Foundation}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12--23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a4012abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4012.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Yost:2001:CTF,
  author =       "Jeffrey R. Yost",
  title =        "{CBI\slash Tomash Fellowship}: Sponsoring a Generation
                 of Scholars in the History of Information Processing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a4024abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4024.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bruemmer:2001:RCH,
  author =       "Bruce H. Bruemmer and Elisabeth Kaplan",
  title =        "Realizing the Concept: {A} History of the {CBI}
                 Archives",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--38",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a4029abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4029.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:2001:BWC,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "Building a World-Class Book Collection: The {Tomash
                 Library}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "39--43",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a4039abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4039.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2001:CBI,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The {Charles Babbage Institute} Reprint Series for the
                 History of Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "44--48",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4044.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:2001:VYH,
  author =       "Paul E. Ceruzzi",
  title =        "A View from 20 Years as a Historian of Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--55",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4049abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4049.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ensmenger:2001:QPC,
  author =       "Nathan L. Ensmenger",
  title =        "The `Question of Professionalism' in the Computer
                 Fields",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "56--74",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4056abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4056.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2001:CPT,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh",
  title =        "The Chromium-Plated Tabulator: Institutionalizing an
                 Electronic Revolution, 1954--1958",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--104",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4075abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4075.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:2001:ES,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "105--106",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/articles/a4-2001/eands.htm;
                 http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4105abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4105.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2001:AI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Annual Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "107--112",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4107abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4107.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2002:EDa,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "From the {Editor}'s Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1002abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grad:2002:SSP,
  author =       "Burton Grad and Luanne Johnson",
  title =        "The Start of the Software Products Industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--4",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1003abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2002:SCS,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh",
  title =        "Software in the 1960s as Concept, Service, and
                 Product",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--13",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1005abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Johnson:2002:CSI,
  author =       "Luanne Johnson",
  title =        "Creating the Software Industry: Recollections of
                 Software Company Founders of the 1960s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--42",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1014abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goetz:2002:MSPa,
  author =       "Martin Goetz",
  title =        "Memoirs of a Software Pioneer: Part {I}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--56",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1043abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1043.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pugh:2002:OSB,
  author =       "Emerson W. Pugh",
  title =        "Origins of Software Bundling",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--58",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1057abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Humphrey:2002:SUP,
  author =       "Watts S. Humphrey",
  title =        "Software Unbundling: {A} Personal Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--63",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1059abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grad:2002:PRI,
  author =       "Burton Grad",
  title =        "A Personal Recollection: {IBM}'s Unbundling of
                 Software and Services",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "64--71",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1064abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1064.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:2002:RHS,
  author =       "James W. Cortada",
  title =        "Researching the History of Software from the 1960s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--79",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1072abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1072.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:A,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--89",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1080abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1080.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:ESW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Events and Sightings: {Web} Extra: {CBI} Conference
                 --- ``Unbundling history: The emergence of the software
                 product''",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "90--94",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1090abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1090.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2002:TP,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Think Piece",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "96, 95",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a1096abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a1096.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2002:EDb,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "From the {Editor}'s Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2002abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Graham:2002:GEI,
  author =       "Rebecca Graham and W. Boyd Rayward",
  title =        "{Guest Editors}' Introduction: {Computer} Applications
                 in Libraries, {Part 1}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--3",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2003abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rayward:2002:HCA,
  author =       "W. Boyd Rayward",
  title =        "A History of Computer Applications in Libraries:
                 {Prolegomena}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "4--15",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:2002:UPC,
  author =       "Robert V. Williams",
  title =        "The Use of Punched Cards in {US} Libraries and
                 Documentation Centers, 1936--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16--33",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/punchedcards.htm;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2016abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McCallum:2002:MKL,
  author =       "Sally H. McCallum",
  title =        "{MARC}: Keystone for Library Automation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34--49",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2034abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bregzis:2002:BAU,
  author =       "Ritvars Bregzis and Calvin Gotlieb and Carole Moore",
  title =        "The Beginning of Automation in the {University of
                 Toronto Library}, 1963--1972",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--70",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2050abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2050.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bregman:2002:LAU,
  author =       "Alvan Bregman and Robert H. Burger",
  title =        "Library Automation at the {University of Illinois at
                 Urbana-Champaign}, 1965--2000: {A} Case Study of
                 Technological and Organizational Validity",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "71--85",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2071abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2071.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2002:Aa,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "86--93",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2086abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2086.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aldrich:2002:R,
  author =       "Peggy Aldrich",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "94--99",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2094abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2094.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smillie:2002:BRT,
  author =       "K. Smillie",
  title =        "Book Review: {Turing and the universal machine: the
                 making of the modern computer}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "95--95",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2002.1010075",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 19 18:25:57 2005",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:ESa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "100--103",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/articles/a2-2002/eands.htm;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2100abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2100.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Coopersmith:2002:MP,
  author =       "Jonathan Coopersmith",
  title =        "Membership Has Its Partisans",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "104, 103",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a2104abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a2104.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Marcum:2002:ALC,
  author =       "Deanna B. Marcum",
  title =        "Automating the Library: The {Council on Library
                 Resources}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--13",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a3002abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Malone:2002:IIR,
  author =       "Cheryl Knott Malone",
  title =        "Imagining Information Retrieval in the Library: {Desk}
                 Set in Historical Context",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14--22",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a3014abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Segesta:2002:HTC,
  author =       "Jim Segesta and Keith Reid-Green",
  title =        "{Harley Tillitt} and Computerized Library Searching",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--34",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a3023abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3023.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Griffiths:2002:UIR,
  author =       "Jos{\'e}-Marie Griffiths and Donald W. King",
  title =        "{US} Information Retrieval System Evolution and
                 Evaluation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "35--55",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a3035abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3035.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Burke:2002:FFS,
  author =       "Colin Burke",
  title =        "The {Ford Foundation}'s Search for an {American
                 Library Laboratory}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "56--74",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a3056abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3056.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Graham:2002:GEC,
  author =       "Rebecca Graham",
  title =        "{Guest Editor}'s Conclusion: Reflections on the
                 Evolution of Library Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75--78",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3075.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:RLN,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Remembering the {LFK} Network",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79--81",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3079.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:ESb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "82--84",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3082.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Erskine:2002:LER,
  author =       "Ralph Erskine and Philip Marks and Frode Weierud",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor: Review of {US} Bombes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "85--87",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/a3letter_web/a3lettertoeditor_web.htm;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/a3085abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3085.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2002:TPC,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Twin Pillars of Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "88, 87",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 10:13:04 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2002/pdf/a3088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2002:AIE,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue\slash From the {Editor}'s Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4002.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Estrin:2002:RCO,
  author =       "Gerald Estrin",
  title =        "Reconfigurable Computer Origins: The {UCLA}
                 Fixed-Plus-Variable {(F+V)} Structure Computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4003abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4003.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Reid-Green:2002:TEA,
  author =       "Keith S. Reid-Green",
  title =        "Three Early Algorithms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--13",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4010abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4010.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4010.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goetz:2002:MSPb,
  author =       "Martin Goetz",
  title =        "Memoirs of a Software Pioneer: Part 2",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "14--31`",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4014abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4014.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Head:2002:GSG,
  author =       "Robert V. Head",
  title =        "Getting {Sabre} off the Ground",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32--39",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4032abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4032.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4032.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2002:Ab,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40--44",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4040.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4040.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2002:LE,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "Letters to the Editor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45--47",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4045.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4045.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:2002:R,
  author =       "Peggy Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "48--52",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4048.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4048.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:2002:B,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "53--55",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4053.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4053.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2002:ES,
  author =       "Mary Croarken and Nathan Ensmenger",
  title =        "Events \& Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "56--59",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2002/extras/a405602x.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4056.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4056.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:AI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "2002 Annual Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60--71",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4060.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4060.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:2002:DAS,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "{Datamation}, {Annals}, {Slashdot}, and Tomorrow's
                 History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "72--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2002/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4072.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2002/04/a4072.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2003:AIE,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue\slash From the {Editor}'s Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1002.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eckdahl:2003:WCC,
  author =       "Donald E. Eckdahl and Irving S. Reed and Hrant H.
                 (Harold) Sarkissian",
  title =        "{West Coast} Contributions to the Development of the
                 General-Purpose Computer: Building {Maddida} and the
                 Founding of {Computer Research Corporation}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--33",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1004abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1004.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Donald E. Eckdahl, Deceased 23 July 2001. Hrant H.
                 (Harold) Sarkissian, Deceased 15 February 2001.",
}

@Article{Williams:2003:SHS,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams and Erwin Tomash",
  title =        "The Sector: Its History, Scales, and Uses",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--47",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1034abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1034.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Koss:2003:PUW,
  author =       "Adele Mildred Koss",
  title =        "Programming on the {Univac 1}: {A} Woman's Account",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--59",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1048abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1048.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1048.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Head:2003:WHF,
  author =       "Robert V. Head",
  title =        "Working in the House that {FACT} Built",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--64",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1060abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1060.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Robert V. Head, (Deceased 28 February 2003).",
}

@Article{Croarken:2003:ESa,
  author =       "Mary Croarken and Nathan Ensmenger",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--69",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2003/extras/a1065.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1065.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1065.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2003:R,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--71",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1070abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1070.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2003:Aa,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--79",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2003/extras/a1072.htm;
                 a1072abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1072.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1072.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2003:BBP,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh",
  title =        "Biographies [Biography of {Per Brinch Hansen}]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--87",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1080.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1080.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grad:2003:PSI,
  author =       "Burton Grad",
  title =        "Preserving the Software Industry's Past",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "88, 3",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1088.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/01/a1088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2003:AIa,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2002.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Caminer:2003:BCL,
  author =       "David Tresman Caminer",
  title =        "Behind the Curtain at {LEO}: {A} Personal
                 Reminiscence",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--13",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2003abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2003.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hoare:2003:APP,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Assertions: {A} Personal Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--25",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2014abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2014.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jones:2003:EST,
  author =       "Cliff B. Jones",
  title =        "The Early Search for Tractable Ways of Reasoning about
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--49",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2026abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2026.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2026.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gray:2003:BBB,
  author =       "George T. Gray and Ronald Q. Smith",
  title =        "Before the {B5000}: {Burroughs Computers},
                 1951--1963",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--61",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2050abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2050.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2050.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stachniak:2003:MMM,
  author =       "Zbigniew Stachniak",
  title =        "The Making of the {MCM/70} Microcomputer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--75",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2062abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2062.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2003:ESb,
  author =       "Mary Croarken and Nathan Ensmenger",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "76--79",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2076abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2076.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2003:Ab,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick",
  title =        "Anecdotes [Developing {Telnet}'s negotiated options]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "80--82",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2080.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2080.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rojas:2003:Ra,
  author =       "Raul Rojas",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "83--85",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2083.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2083.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2003:BBM,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh",
  title =        "Biographies [Building the {Manchester} differential
                 analyzers: A personal reflection]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "86--92",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2086.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2086.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Light:2003:BIT,
  author =       "Jennifer S. Light",
  title =        "Before the {Internet}, There Was Cable",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "96, 94--95",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2096.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/02/a2096.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2003:AIb,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "About This Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3002.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3002.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Black:2003:WML,
  author =       "Don Black and Walter Dickson Jones",
  title =        "{Watson} and Me: {A} Life at {IBM}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--18",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2003/extras/a3004.htm;
                 a3004abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3004.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mullin:2003:DCT,
  author =       "Sherman N. Mullin",
  title =        "Into Digital Computing through the Back Door",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20--28",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3020abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3020.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3020.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Moore:2003:CPC,
  author =       "Joe F. Moore",
  title =        "Creating Profit with Computers: My Life as {CEO} of
                 {Bonner \& Moore Associates}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30--47",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2003/extras/a3030.htm;
                 a3030abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3030.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3030.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2003:THC,
  author =       "Mary Croarken",
  title =        "Tabulating the Heavens: Computing the {{\em Nautical
                 Almanac\/}} in {18th-Century England}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "48--61",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3048abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3048.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3048.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kita:2003:JCR,
  author =       "Chigusa Ishikawa Kita",
  title =        "{J. C. R. Licklider}'s Vision for the {IPTO}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "62--77",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3062abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3062.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2003:ESc,
  author =       "Mary Croarken and Nathan Ensmenger",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "78--81",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3078abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3078.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2003:AO,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick",
  title =        "Anecdotes: On the origins of :-)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "82--83",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3082.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3082.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rojas:2003:Rb,
  author =       "Raul Rojas",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "84--89",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3084.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3084.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2003:BOH,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh",
  title =        "Biographies [Obituaries: {Harry Polachek} and {Rob Kling}]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "90--94",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3090.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3090.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2003:GMT,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "The Great Machine Theory of History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "96, 95",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 29 16:19:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3096.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/03/a3096.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:2003:EDS,
  author =       "Tim Bergin",
  title =        "From the {Editor}'s Desk: Some Final Thoughts",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4002.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4002.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Abbate:2003:GEI,
  author =       "Janet Abbate",
  title =        "{Guest Editor}'s Introduction: Women and Gender in the
                 History of Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--8",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4004.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4004.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2003:MEC,
  author =       "Mary Croarken",
  title =        "{Mary Edwards}: Computing for a Living in
                 {18th-Century England}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9--15",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4009abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4009.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4009.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fuegi:2003:LBC,
  author =       "John Fuegi and Jo Francis",
  title =        "{Lovelace} \& {Babbage} and the Creation of the 1843
                 {`Notes'}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4016abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4016.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:2003:SAC,
  author =       "Elizabeth Phillips Williams",
  title =        "A Systems Analyst's Computer Watch: 1943--2003",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--39",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4027abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4027.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4027.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Koss:2003:PBP,
  author =       "Adele Mildred Koss",
  title =        "Programming at {Burroughs} and {Philco} in the 1950s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40--50",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4040abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4040.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4040.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell:2003:BHW,
  author =       "Scott M. Campbell",
  title =        "{Beatrice Helen Worsley}: {Canada}'s Female Computer
                 Pioneer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "51--62",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4051abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4051.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4051.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Macduff:2003:HLC,
  author =       "Valerie A. G. Macduff",
  title =        "Half a Lifetime in Computing: Experiences in {Zambia},
                 {Britain}, and {Australia}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "64--66",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4064abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4064.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4064.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stepulevage:2003:CBO,
  author =       "Linda Stepulevage",
  title =        "Computer-Based Office Work: Stories of Gender, Design,
                 and Use",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "67--72",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4067abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4067.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4067.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2003:ES,
  author =       "Mary Croarken and Nathan Ensmenger and David Alan
                 Grier and Frederik Nebeker and David Anderson",
  title =        "Events \& Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4073.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4073.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2003:A,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick and Janet Abbate and Frank S. Preston
                 and Lucy Slater and Mary Lee Berners-Lee and Jean
                 Sammet and Dame Stephanie Shirley and Ruzena Bajcsy and
                 Ann Hardy and Adele Goldberg and Anita Borg",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "78--88",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4078.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2003:B,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh and Maurice Wilkes",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "89--92",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4089.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4089.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:2003:R,
  author =       "Paul E. Ceruzzi and Jonathan Reed Winkler and Robin
                 Morris and Tim Bergin and Keith Smillie",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "93--96",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4093.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4093.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2003:IAH,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{IEEE Annals of the History of Computing}, 2003 Annual
                 Index, Volume 25",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "97--103",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "a4097.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4097.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2003:CJN,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "The Computer: From {John von Neumann} to {Irma S.
                 Rombauer}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "104, 103",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 09:33:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an2003/",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4104.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4104.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2004:EDa,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "From the {Editor}'s Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/01/a1002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Galler:2004:AHF,
  author =       "Bernard A. Galler",
  title =        "{Annals}: How the First Issue Came to Be",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--7",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/01/a1004abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mahoney:2004:FHS,
  author =       "Michael S. Mahoney",
  title =        "Finding a History for Software Engineering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8--19",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/01/a1008abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1008.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Frana:2004:BWT,
  author =       "Philip L. Frana",
  title =        "Before the {Web} There Was {Gopher}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--41",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/01/a1020abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1020.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ralston:2004:FEE,
  author =       "Anthony Ralston",
  title =        "Four Editions and Eight Publishers: {A} History of the
                 {Encyclopedia of Computer Science}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "42--52",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/01/a1042abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1042.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:2004:HDC,
  author =       "James W. Cortada",
  title =        "How Did Computing Go Global? {The} Need for an Answer
                 and a Research Agenda",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--58",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/01/a1053abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1053.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:2004:A,
  author =       "Anne Fitzpatrick and Joe E. Rogers and Bob Bemer",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--67",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:2004:ES,
  author =       "Mary Croarken and Dorian Rutter and Tony Mann and Alex
                 Fedorec and Brian Wichmann",
  title =        "Events \& Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "68--70",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1068.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rojas:2004:RPJ,
  author =       "Raul Rojas and Jon Agar and Slava Gerovitch and Ross
                 Bassett and Tim Bergin and Nathan L. Ensmenger and
                 Kenneth Lipartito and J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Reviews: {Pamela J. Hinds and Sara Kiesler (eds.),
                 {\em Distributed Work}, MIT Press, 2002, ISBN
                 0-262-08305-1}; {David Mindell, {\em Between Human and
                 Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing Before
                 Cybernetics}, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002,
                 ISBN 0-801-86895-5}; {Jeffrey Zygmont, {\em Microchip:
                 An Idea, Its Genesis, and the Revolution It Created},
                 Peresus Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-7382-0561-3}; {Atsushi
                 Akera and Frederick Nebeker, eds., {\em From 0 to 1: An
                 Authoritative History of Modern Computing}, Oxford
                 Univ. Press, 2002, ISBN 0-19-514025-7}; {Martin
                 Campbell-Kelly, {\em From Airline Reservations to Sonic
                 the Hedgehog}, MIT Press, 2003, ISBN 0-262-03303-8};
                 {Narain Gehani, {\em Bell Labs: Life in the Crown
                 Jewel}, Silicon Press, 2003, ISBN 0-929306-27-9}; {{\em
                 Smart Computing, People in Computing: Biographies of
                 Technology's Pioneers\/} (Computing Encyclopedia),
                 vol. 5, Sandhill Publishing Company, 2002}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--77",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1071.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2004:BAS,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh",
  title =        "Biographies: {ADAPSO} and the Service Bureau Industry,
                 1961--1968; {Bernard ``Bernie'' Goldstein}; {Frank
                 Lautenberg}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--93",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ensmenger:2004:PPT,
  author =       "Nathan Ensmenger",
  title =        "Power to the People: Toward a Social History of
                 Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "96, 94--95",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 17 06:58:35 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/01/a1096.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:2004:EDb,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "From the {Editor}'s Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--??",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/02/a2002.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2002.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jones:2004:FBB,
  author =       "Allan Jones",
  title =        "Five 1951 {BBC} Broadcasts on Automatic Calculating
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--15",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/02/a2003abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2003.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Head:2004:DGD,
  author =       "Robert V. Head",
  title =        "{Datamation}'s Glory Days",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16--21",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/02/a2016abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2016.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Henry:2004:SVD,
  author =       "Albert J. Henry and Henry Venture and Glenn E. Bugos",
  title =        "{Sydis} and the Voice\slash Data Terminal Craze of
                 1984",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22--33",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/02/a2022abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2022.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rosen:2004:RPT,
  author =       "Saul Rosen",
  title =        "Recollections of the {Philco Transac S-2000}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34--47",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/02/a2034abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2034.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Saul Rosen, (Deceased 9 June 1991).",
}

@Article{Rice:2004:CSP,
  author =       "John R. Rice and Saul Rosen",
  title =        "Computer Sciences at {Purdue University}---1962 to
                 2000",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "48--61",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/02/a2048abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2048.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2048.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Saul Rosen, (Deceased 9 June 1991).",
}

@Article{Smillie:2004:PLC,
  author =       "Keith Smillie",
  title =        "People, Languages, and Computers: {A} Short Memoir",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--74",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/02/a2062abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2062.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2004:B,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "75--83",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2075.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2075.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2004:ES,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Events and Sightings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "84--85",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2084.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2084.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Robertson:2004:Aa,
  author =       "Laurie Robertson",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "86--89",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2086.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2086.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2004:R,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "90--93",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2090.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2090.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Downey:2004:JCS,
  author =       "Greg Downey",
  title =        "Jumping Contexts of Space and Time",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "96, 94--95",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2096.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/02/a2096.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2004:ED,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "From the Editor's Desk",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/an/2004/03/a3002.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3002.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ganzhorn:2004:BIB,
  author =       "Karl E. Ganzhorn",
  title =        "The Buildup of the {IBM Boeblingen Laboratory}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--19",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2004.16;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3004.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ganzhorn:2004:IBL,
  author =       "Karl E. Ganzhorn",
  title =        "{IBM Boeblingen Laboratory}: Product Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20--30",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2004.11;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3020.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3020.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Endres:2004:IBE,
  author =       "Albert Endres",
  title =        "{IBM Boeblingen}'s Early Software Contributions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--41",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2004.12;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3031.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3031.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aloisio:2004:CED,
  author =       "Mario Aloisio",
  title =        "The Calculation of {Easter Day}, and the Origin and
                 Use of the Word Computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "42--49",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 11 18:28:43 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/archives.htm",
  URL =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2004.17;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3042.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2004/03/a3042.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Neukom:2004:EUC,
  author =       "Hans Neukom",
  title =        "Early Use of Computers in {Swiss} Banks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "50--59",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CO