%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.38",
%%%     date            = "02 July 2009",
%%%     time            = "09:45:15 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "ieeesoft.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "10024 51481 192143 1851490",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography, BibTeX, IEEE Software",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a preliminary bibliography of the
%%%                        journal IEEE Software, covering the years
%%%                        1984--1997.  The journal began publishing
%%%                        in 1984, and currently publishes six issues
%%%                        a year, in odd-numbered months.
%%%
%%%                        There is a World Web Wide site for this
%%%                        journal at
%%%
%%%                            http://computer.org/software
%%%
%%%                        with (pagenumber-less) tables of contents,
%%%                        links to article abstracts, and subject and
%%%                        author indexes, for 1994 to date.
%%%
%%%                        In the URLs below, pointers to PDF files on
%%%                        the host dlib.computer.org are to the full
%%%                        text of articles, and access to such files
%%%                        requires a subscription for electronic
%%%                        journal access with the IEEE Computer
%%%                        Society.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.38, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1984 (  23)    1993 (  91)    2002 ( 143)
%%%                             1985 (  42)    1994 (  82)    2003 ( 139)
%%%                             1986 (  35)    1995 ( 157)    2004 ( 128)
%%%                             1987 (  35)    1996 ( 159)    2005 ( 131)
%%%                             1988 (  48)    1997 ( 146)    2006 ( 133)
%%%                             1989 (  51)    1998 ( 159)    2007 ( 132)
%%%                             1990 (  68)    1999 ( 151)    2008 ( 125)
%%%                             1991 (  53)    2000 ( 145)    2009 (  86)
%%%                             1992 (  67)    2001 ( 137)
%%%
%%%                             Article:       2666
%%%
%%%                             Total entries: 2666
%%%
%%%                        The initial draft of this bibliography was
%%%                        derived from the OCLC Contents1st database,
%%%                        after conversion to BibTeX form, and
%%%                        extensive editing and correction.  This was
%%%                        then augmented with entries from the
%%%                        author's personal bibliography files, from
%%%                        the Compendex databases (1980--1996), from
%%%                        the computer graphics bibliography archive
%%%                        at ftp.siggraph.org, and from a very large
%%%                        computer science bibliography collection on
%%%                        ftp.ira.uka.de in /pub/bibliography to
%%%                        which many people of have contributed.  The
%%%                        snapshot of this collection was taken on
%%%                        5-May-1994, and it consists of 441 BibTeX
%%%                        files, 2,672,675 lines, 205,289 entries,
%%%                        and 6,375 <at>String{} abbreviations,
%%%                        occupying 94.8MB of disk space.  Where
%%%                        multiple sources of a particular entry
%%%                        existed, field values have been manually
%%%                        merged to preserve maximal information.
%%%
%%%                        This journal has a glitzy magazine-style
%%%                        layout. The tables of contents correspond
%%%                        only vaguely to the article titles, which
%%%                        themselves are often uncertain because of
%%%                        the (in my view, abysmal) typographical
%%%                        layout, and the `catchy' titles often fail
%%%                        to reflect the contents.  Thus, there are
%%%                        many uncertain authors and titles in this
%%%                        bibliography, because journal databases are
%%%                        sometimes derived only from the tables of
%%%                        contents.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order, using bibsort -byvolume.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

@Preamble{
    "\hyphenation{
        Ama-mi-ya
        Boll-in-ger
        Clo-a-rec
        Klaas-sen
        Les-sons
        Rus-in-kie-wicz
        Tsi-chri-tzis
        Ver-o-nique
        proj-ects
    }"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-COMPUTER              = "Computer"}

@String{j-IEEE-SOFTWARE         = "IEEE Software"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG  = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries:

@Article{Lampson:1984:HCS,
  author =       "Butler W. Lampson",
  title =        "Hints for Computer System Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--28",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- Computer Interfaces; computer
                 systems, digital; prototypes; system speed",
}

@Article{Organick:1984:TAP,
  author =       "E. I. Organick and T. M. Carter and M. P. Maloney and
                 A. Davis and A. B. Hayes and D. Klass and G. Lindstrom
                 and B. E. Nelson and K. F. Smith",
  title =        "Transforming an {Ada} Program Unit to Silicon and
                 Verifying its Behavior in an {Ada} Environment: a First
                 Experiment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--38, 40, 42--49",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "ada software package; computer operating systems ---
                 Program Compilers; computer software; computer systems,
                 digital; heterosystems; logic circuits; MOS
                 implementation system (MOSIS); semiconductor devices,
                 MOS",
}

@Article{Cox:1984:MPE,
  author =       "Brad J. Cox",
  title =        "Message/Object Programming: an Evolutionary Change in
                 Programming Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "50--61",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer programming languages;
                 computer software --- Portability; message/object
                 programming; object-oriented programming; objective-c
                 language",
}

@Article{Wiederhold:1984:KDM,
  author =       "Gio Wiederhold",
  title =        "Knowledge and Database Management",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--73",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "database systems; decision making process; decision
                 theory and analysis; extensional knowledge; intentional
                 knowledge; knowledge base; systems science and
                 cybernetics --- Artificial Intelligence",
}

@Article{Boehm:1984:VVS,
  author =       "Barry W. Boehm",
  title =        "Verifying and Validating Software Requirements and
                 Design Specifications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--88",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "checklist; computer software; design specifications;
                 verification and validation (V\&V)",
}

@Article{Hoare:1984:PSS,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Programming: Sorcery or Science?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--12, 15--16",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; engineering --- Professional
                 Aspects; information services",
}

@Article{Cheriton:1984:VKS,
  author =       "David R. Cheriton",
  title =        "{V} Kernel: a Software Base for Distributed Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19--38, 40--42",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer networks --- Local Networks; computer
                 software; computer systems, digital --- Distributed;
                 message-based communication transparency; personal
                 workstations; system performance; V kernel",
}

@Article{Teitelman:1984:TTC,
  author =       "Warren Teitelman",
  title =        "Tour Through {Cedar}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "44--52, 54--62, 64--73",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "cedar programming language; compiler oriented
                 language; computer programming languages; computers ---
                 Debugging",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1984:PCI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Protection of Computer Ideawork --- Today and
                 Tomorrow",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "74--82",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; computers --- Legislation; copying;
                 legal issues",
}

@Article{Miles:1984:CCS,
  author =       "Dana E. Miles",
  title =        "Copyrighting Computer Software After {Apple v.
                 Franklin}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "84--87",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- Marketing; computer software;
                 copyrighting; patents and inventions",
}

@Article{Lewis:1984:WPM,
  author =       "Ted G. Lewis",
  title =        "Word Processing for the Masses: a Review of {Bank
                 Street Writer}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "89--92",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "bank street writer; computer software --- Evaluation;
                 computers, microprocessor; data processing",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1984:ISE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{IEEE} Software Engineering Standards",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "94--98",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "ansi standards; computer software; ieee standards",
}

@Article{Wegner:1984:CST,
  author =       "Peter Wegner",
  title =        "Capital-Intensive Software Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--45",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Brown Univ, Dep of Computer Science, Providence,
                 RI, USA",
  classification = "721; 723; 901; 911; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer authoring technology; computer operating
                 systems --- Theory; computer software; computers ---
                 Selection and Evaluation; distributed processes;
                 dynamic documents; electronic books; engineering
                 education; knowledge engineering; technological
                 forecasting; technology --- Economic and Sociological
                 Effects",
}

@Article{Prell:1984:BQP,
  author =       "Edward M. Prell and Alan P. Sheng",
  title =        "Building Quality and Productivity into a Large
                 Software System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47--54",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Bell Lab, 5ESS System Software Lab,
                 Naperville, IL, USA",
  classification = "721; 723; 911; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "5ess system; computer software; computer systems
                 programming --- Evaluation; computers --- Selection and
                 Evaluation; development project metrics; Evaluation;
                 pareto principle; pseudo-code; quality assurance",
}

@Article{Sneed:1984:SRC,
  author =       "Harry M. Sneed",
  title =        "Software Renewal: a Case Study",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "56--63",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Software Engineering Service GmbH, Munich, West
                 Ger",
  classification = "721; 722; 723; 911",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems --- Efficiency; computer
                 software; computers --- Selection and Evaluation;
                 Design; HIPO method; pseudo codes; softdoc; softspec",
}

@Article{Ramamritham:1984:DTS,
  author =       "Krithivasan Ramamritham and John A. Stankovic",
  title =        "Dynamic Task Scheduling in Hard Real-Time Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "65--75",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Ai/dai.bib; Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Massachusetts at Amherst, Dep of Computer \&
                 Information Science, Amherst, MA, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Massachusetts at Amherst, Dep of
                 Computer \& Information Science, Amherst, MA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723; 912; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer systems, digital; computers --- Operating
                 Procedures; distributed task scheduling; focused
                 addressing; guarantee algorithm; local scheduler tasks;
                 Real Time Operation; scheduling --- Analysis;
                 scheduling algorithm; systems analysis --- Theory",
}

@Article{Curtis:1984:GND,
  author =       "Ronald Curtis and Larry Wittie",
  title =        "Global Naming in Distributed Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "76--80",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "State Univ of New York at Stony Brook, Computer
                 Science Dep, Stony Brook, NY, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "State Univ of New York at Stony Brook, Computer
                 Science Dep, Stony Brook, NY, USA",
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "bugnet naming mechanism; computer operating systems
                 --- Report Generators; computer programming languages
                 --- Program Debugging; computer systems, digital;
                 computers --- Debugging; Distributed; UNIX-based
                 approach",
}

@Article{Shaw:1984:ATM,
  author =       "Mary Shaw",
  title =        "Abstraction Techniques in Modern Programming
                 Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--24, 26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "abstraction techniques; computer programming
                 languages; computer software; formal specifications;
                 structured programming",
}

@Article{Larrabee:1984:GPA,
  author =       "Tracy Larrabee and Chad Leland Mitchell",
  title =        "{GAMB\&IT}: a Prototyping Approach to Video Game
                 Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--36",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/imager/imager.84.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/84.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "asynchronous control; computer graphics ---
                 Interactive; computer programming languages; computer
                 simulation; computer systems, digital --- Real Time
                 Operation; gambit; I32 games, I36 high-level languages,
                 I34 programming environments; video game design",
}

@Article{Vitter:1984:UNF,
  author =       "Jeffrey Scott Vitter",
  title =        "{US\&R}: a New Framework for Redoing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "39--52",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software --- Computer Interfaces; computer
                 systems, digital; interactive interfaces; interactive
                 recovery system; undo, skip and redo (us\&r)",
}

@Article{Lewis:1984:IPD,
  author =       "Ted G. Lewis and Keith R. Spitz and Paul E. McKenney",
  title =        "Interleave Principle for Demonstrating Concurrent
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "54--64",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programs; computer systems, digital ---
                 Multiprocessing; concurrent programs; coresident
                 processes; data processing --- File Organization;
                 multiple processes activation; shared files",
}

@Article{Kruchten:1984:SPU,
  author =       "Philippe Kruchten and Edmond Schonberg and Jacob
                 Schwartz",
  title =        "Software Prototyping Using the {Setl} Programming
                 Language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "66--75",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- Algorithms; computer
                 programming languages; computer software; interpreter;
                 language constructs; prototyping; set-theoretic
                 programming/prototyping language (SETL); translator",
}

@Article{Farrow:1984:GPC,
  author =       "Rodney Farrow",
  title =        "Generating a Production Compiler from an Attribute
                 Grammar",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "77--93",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "attribute grammar (ag); automata theory --- Grammars;
                 code generation; codes, symbolic; computer operating
                 systems; computer programming languages --- Pascal;
                 computers, microprocessor; production compiler
                 generation; semantic analysis; storage allocation",
}

@Article{Gammage:1985:XAR,
  author =       "N. Gammage and L. Casey",
  title =        "{XMS}: a Rendezvous-Based Distributed System Software
                 Architecture",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "S-2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--20",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibsource =    "Misc/misc.1.bib",
}

@Article{Meyer:1985:FS,
  author =       "Bertrand Meyer",
  title =        "On Formalism in Specifications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--26",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of California, Santa Barbara, Dep of Computer
                 Science, Santa Barbara, CA, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of California, Santa Barbara, Dep of
                 Computer Science, Santa Barbara, CA, USA",
  classification = "721; 723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "automata theory --- Computational Linguistics;
                 computer software; formal specifications; Mathematical
                 Models; natural language specifications;
                 natural-language description complement; specification
                 formalism",
}

@Article{Brown:1985:TAA,
  author =       "Marc H. Brown and Robert Sedgewick",
  title =        "Techniques for Algorithm Animation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "28--39",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/imager/imager.85.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/85.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Brown Univ, Dep of Computer Science, Providence,
                 RI, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "algorithm animation techniques; brown university
                 algorithm simulator and animator; computer graphics;
                 computer programming --- Algorithms; computer software
                 --- Education; I34 algorithm animation; integrated
                 software environment; Interactive",
}

@Article{Horowitz:1985:SAG,
  author =       "Ellis Horowitz and Alfons Kemper and Balaji
                 Narasimhan",
  title =        "Survey of Application Generators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--54",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Computer Science
                 Dep, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "application generators; Components; computer
                 programming; computer programming languages; computer
                 software; data-intensive applications; user-friendly
                 syntax",
}

@Article{Musa:1985:SEF,
  author =       "John D. Musa",
  title =        "Software Engineering: the Future of a Profession",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--62",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Bell Lab, Whippany, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; Design; engineering ---
                 Professional Aspects; professional societies; software
                 engineering; technology transfer",
}

@Article{Borgida:1985:FLD,
  author =       "Alexander Borgida",
  title =        "Features of Languages for the Development of
                 Information Systems at the Conceptual Level",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--72",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Rutgers Univ, Dep of Computer Science, New
                 Brunswick, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; conceptual modeling;
                 database systems; database-intensive application;
                 information retrieval systems; information systems
                 (is); real-world modeling",
}

@Article{Lindquist:1985:AUH,
  author =       "Timothy E. Lindquist",
  title =        "Assessing the Usability of Human-Computer Interfaces",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--82",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Virginia Polytechnic Inst \& State Univ, Dep of
                 Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "Virginia Polytechnic Inst \& State Univ, Dep of
                 Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA, USA",
  classification = "461; 723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "addressing syntax; Computer Interfaces; computer
                 programming languages; computer software --- Computer
                 Interfaces; computer-human dialogue structure; human
                 engineering; human-computer interfaces; interface
                 semantics; syntax; systems science and cybernetics ---
                 Man Machine Systems",
}

@Article{Poston:1985:PSR,
  author =       "Robert M. Poston",
  title =        "Preventing Software Requirements Specification Errors
                 with {IEEE 830}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--86",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Programming Environments Inc, Oakhurst, NJ,
                 USA",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; ieee 830 rules; software error
                 prevention; specification errors; Standards",
}

@Article{Luckham:1985:OAS,
  author =       "David C. Luckham and Friedrich W. {von Henke}",
  title =        "Overview of {Anna}, a Specification Language for
                 {Ada}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--22",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Stanford Univ, Computer Systems Lab, Stanford,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "annotated ada (anna); computer programming languages;
                 declarative constructs; explanatory constructs;
                 language extension; Reviews; specification constructs",
}

@Article{Rosenblum:1985:MDA,
  author =       "David S. Rosenblum",
  title =        "Methodology for the Design of {Ada} Transformation
                 Tools in a {Diana} Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24--33",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Stanford Univ, Computer Systems Lab, Stanford,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 descriptive intermediate attributed notation for ada
                 (diana); internal representation of ada program;
                 Reviews; software tools; transformation tool",
}

@Article{Baker:1985:ATS,
  author =       "T. P. Baker and G. A. Riccardi",
  title =        "{Ada} Tasking: from Semantics to Efficient
                 Implementation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34--46",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Florida State Univ, Dep of Computer Science,
                 Tallahassee, FL, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "ada tasking; computer programming; Efficiency;
                 predictable execution time of A dprogram; predictable
                 execution time of A program; task execution speed;
                 tasking supervisor",
}

@Article{Helmbold:1985:DAT,
  author =       "David Helmbold and David Luckham",
  title =        "Debugging {Ada} Tasking Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "47--57",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Parallel/debug_3.1.bib;
                 Parallel/par.debug.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Stanford Univ, Computer Science Dep, Stanford,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "ada tasking programs; computer programming ---
                 Monitoring; computer programming languages; deadness
                 error; Program Debugging; runtime monitoring",
}

@Article{Wolf:1985:ASP,
  author =       "Alexander L. Wolf and Lori A. Clarke and Jack C.
                 Wileden",
  title =        "{Ada-Based} Support for Programming-In-The-Large",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "58--71",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Massachusetts at Amherst, Software Development
                 Lab, Amherst, MA, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Massachusetts at Amherst, Software
                 Development Lab, Amherst, MA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "ada language; Computer Interfaces; computer
                 programming; computer programming languages; computer
                 software --- Modular Construction; precise interface
                 control (PIC) language",
}

@Article{Rubin:1985:TPG,
  author =       "Robert V. Rubin and Eric J. Golin and Steven P.
                 Reiss",
  title =        "{Think Pad}: a Graphical System for Programming by
                 Demonstration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--79",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/imager/imager.85.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/85.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Brown Univ, Dep of Computer Science, Providence,
                 RI, USA",
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "binary tree data abstraction; computer programming;
                 data processing --- Data Structures; graphic methods;
                 I32 graphics systems, I34 programming environments;
                 mathematical techniques --- Trees; programming by
                 demonstration; think pad",
}

@Article{Weiser:1985:CST,
  author =       "M. D. Weiser and J. D. Gannon and P. R. McMullin",
  title =        "Comparison of Structural Test Coverage Metrics",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "80--85",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Maryland, Dep of Computer Science,
                 College Park, MD, USA",
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; functional strategy; program's
                 structure exercise; structural strategy; test case
                 selection strategy; test coverage metrics; Testing",
}

@Article{Gammage:1985:XRD,
  author =       "Neil Gammage and Liam Casey",
  title =        "{XMS}: a Rendezvous-Based Distributed System Software
                 Architecture",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--19",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Bell Northern Research Inc, Ottawa, Ont, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer networks --- Local
                 Networks; computer programming languages --- Pascal;
                 computer software; computer systems, digital ---
                 Distributed; computers, microprocessor; local
                 randezvous; networking architecture; remote randezvous;
                 tasks; XMS system",
}

@Article{Fridrich:1985:HAX,
  author =       "Marek Fridrich and William Older",
  title =        "{Helix}: The Architecture of the {XMS} Distributed
                 File System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21--29",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/misc.1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Bell Northern Research Inc, Mountain View, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer networks --- Local
                 Networks; computer software; computer systems, digital
                 --- Distributed; concurrency control; Design; Helix
                 architecture; server interface and autonomy; user
                 access domain and security; XMS system",
}

@Article{Berglund:1985:AMC,
  author =       "Eric J. Berglund and David R. Cheriton",
  title =        "{Amaze}: a Multiplayer Computer Game",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30--39",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Stanford Univ, Computer Science Dep, Stanford,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "amaze; Applications; computer game; computer networks
                 --- Local Networks; computer software; point-to-point
                 message communication; state extrapolation with
                 correction; V kernel",
}

@Article{LeBlanc:1985:HBC,
  author =       "Thomas J. LeBlanc and Robert P. Cook",
  title =        "High-Level Broadcast Communication for Local Area
                 Networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40--48",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Rochester, Dep of Computer Science,
                 Rochester, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "broadcast network; broadcast protocol; computer
                 networks --- Local Networks; computer programming
                 languages; computers; Data Communication Systems;
                 high-level broadcast communication; point-to-point
                 protocol; starmod",
}

@Article{Frank:1985:MCN,
  author =       "Ariel J. Frank and Larry D. Wittie and Arthur J.
                 Bernstein",
  title =        "Multicast Communication on Network Computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49--61",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/misc.1.bib",
  abstract =     "Several techniques for multicast are discussed. Packet
                 casting is described, followed by multicast on
                 netcomputers. As an example of group organization and
                 group multicast, the implementation of the Micros
                 operating system for the Stony Brook netcomputer is
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "State Univ of New York at Stony Brook, Dep of Computer
                 Science, Stony Brook, NY, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "State Univ of New York at Stony Brook, Dep of
                 Computer Science, Stony Brook, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer networks; computer operating systems;
                 computer systems, digital --- Distributed; computers,
                 microprocessor; Data Communication Systems; data
                 transmission --- Packet Switching; frequency
                 multicasting; micros operating system; multicast
                 communication; stony brook netcomputer",
}

@Article{Paulk:1985:ANC,
  author =       "Mark C. Paulk",
  title =        "{ARC} Network: a Case Study",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "62--69",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "System Development Corp, Huntsville, AL, USA",
  classification = "654; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "arc network; computer networks; computer software ---
                 Design; computer systems, digital --- Distributed;
                 computers --- Data Communication Systems; Design;
                 electronic mail; OSI reference model; rockets and
                 missiles --- Military; testbed",
}

@Article{Douglass:1985:QAP,
  author =       "Robert J. Douglass",
  title =        "Qualitative Assessment of Parallelism in Expert
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--81",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer systems, digital; expert systems; inferences;
                 ops5 production system; Parallel Processing; systems
                 science and cybernetics --- Artificial Intelligence;
                 working memory",
}

@Article{Narain:1985:MIE,
  author =       "Sanjai Narain",
  title =        "{Mycin}: Implementing the Expert System in {Loglisp}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "83--88",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Rand Corp, Information Science Dep, Santa
                 Monica, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages --- lisp; database
                 systems; expert system; logic programming systems;
                 LogLisp; Medical Applications; Mycin; systems science
                 and cybernetics --- Artificial Intelligence",
}

@Article{Pratt:1985:PEP,
  author =       "Terrence W. Pratt",
  title =        "{Pisces}: an Environment for Parallel Scientific
                 Computation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--20",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Virginia, Dep of Computer Science,
                 Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "application programs; computer programming; computer
                 programming languages --- fortran; computer systems,
                 digital; language and application levels; parallel
                 computing; Parallel Processing; Pisces project",
}

@Article{Allen:1985:PPE,
  author =       "John R. Allen and Ken Kennedy",
  title =        "Parallel Programming Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--29",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Rice Univ, Dep of Computer Science, Houston, TX,
                 USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "code parallelizing; computer programming --- Program
                 Documentation; computer programming languages ---
                 fortran; computer systems, digital; Multiprocessing;
                 parallel programming; shared memory systems",
}

@Article{Emrath:1985:XOS,
  author =       "Perry Emrath",
  title =        "{Xylem}: an Operating System for the {Cedar}
                 Multiprocessor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "30--37",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "cedar multiprocessor; computer operating systems;
                 computer programming languages; computer systems,
                 digital --- Multiprocessing; floating-point
                 multiprocessor; UNIX operating system; xylem operating
                 system",
}

@Article{Olson:1985:PPM,
  author =       "Robert Olson",
  title =        "Parallel Processing in a Message-Based Operating
                 System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "39--49",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "ELXSI, San Jose, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems; computer systems, digital;
                 elxsi system 6400 multiprocessor; embos operating
                 system; message-based operating system; multiple
                 concurrent tasks; Parallel Processing; shared-memory
                 parallel processing",
}

@Article{Maples:1985:ASP,
  author =       "Creve Maples",
  title =        "Analyzing Software Performance in a Multiprocessor
                 Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "50--63",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer programming; computer
                 software; computer systems, digital ---
                 Multiprocessing; data-driven, multiprocessor structure;
                 logic-based tree search; Performance",
}

@Article{Baron:1985:MOE,
  author =       "Robert Baron and Richard Rashid and Ellen Siegel and
                 Avadis Tevanian and Michael Young",
  title =        "{Mach-1}: An Operating Environment for Large-Scale
                 Multiprocessor Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65--67",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:29:41 1997",
  bibsource =    "Database/Graefe.bib",
  abstract =     "Also published in SIAM Computing?",
}

@Article{Dongarra:1985:ADD,
  author =       "J. J. Dongarra and B. T. Smith and D. Sorensen",
  title =        "Algorithm Design for Different Computer
                 Architectures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "79--80",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 26 09:53:36 2002",
  URL =          "http://www.netlib.org/utk/people/JackDongarra/PAPERS/Algorithm-Design-for-Different-Computer-Architectures.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Glass:1985:ST,
  author =       "Robert L. Glass",
  title =        "Software Theft",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "82--85",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Seattle Univ, Software Engineering Program,
                 Seattle, WA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; data processing --- Security of
                 Data; like programs comparison; modular decomposition;
                 program listing; Protection; software theft
                 investigation",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1985:UJA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{US}, {Japan} {AI} firms enter joint ventures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "101",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:20:17 1996",
  bibsource =    "Ai/ai.misc.bib",
  abstract =     "Carnegie Group and Intelligent Technology have signed
                 a joint venture agreement where Intelligent Technology
                 will distribute Knowledge Crat and Language Craft
                 throughout the far east. They will be creating Japanese
                 language versions of these products. Carnegie Group has
                 appointed Jack Geer, formally of the Knowledge
                 Engineering Division of McDonnell Douglas Information
                 Systems Group, as director of marketing.",
  keywords =     "Carnegie Group Intelligent Technology Knowledge Craft
                 Language Craft Jack Geer McDonnell Douglas",
}

@Article{Howden:1985:TPF,
  author =       "William E. Howden",
  title =        "Theory and Practice of Functional Testing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "6--17",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "codes, symbolic --- Coding Errors; computer
                 programming; functional testing; missing code faults;
                 new function synthesis; Testing",
}

@Article{Petschenik:1985:PPS,
  author =       "Nathan H. Petschenik",
  title =        "Practical Priorities in System Testing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "18--23",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Bell Communications Research, Piscataway,
                 NJ, USA",
  classification = "723; 911",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "database systems; detailed continuing property record
                 (dcpr); inventory control --- Computer Applications;
                 plug-in inventory control system (PICS); system test;
                 systems science and cybernetics --- Large Scale
                 Systems; Testing",
}

@Article{Guttag:1985:LFS,
  author =       "John V. Guttag and James J. Horning and Jeannette M.
                 Wing",
  title =        "{Larch} Family of Specification Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "24--36",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "MIT, Lab for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "algebraic languages; computer interfaces; computer
                 programming languages; interface languages; larch
                 shared language; larch specification languages;
                 two-tiered specification",
}

@Article{Frieder:1985:LSP,
  author =       "Gideon Frieder and Gabor T. Herman and Craig Meyer and
                 Jayaram Udupa",
  title =        "Large Software Problems for Small Computers: an
                 Example from Medical Imaging",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "37--47",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Pennsylvania Hospital, Dep of Radiology,
                 Philadelphia, PA, USA",
  classification = "461; 723; 741",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "3-D graph description; circular buffers; computer
                 operating systems --- Storage Allocation; computer
                 programming --- Algorithms; computer software; data
                 processing --- Data Structures; dynamic memory
                 allocation; hashing methods; imaging techniques ---
                 Medical Applications; information theory --- Data
                 Compression; Medical Applications; medical imaging",
}

@Article{Gemignani:1985:WOW,
  author =       "Michael C. Gemignani",
  title =        "Who Owns What Software Products?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "48--52",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Ball State Univ, Coll of Sciences \& Humanities,
                 Muncie, IN, USA",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; creative software licensee;
                 Legislation; patents and inventions; product rights;
                 software ownership assignment",
}

@Article{Davis:1985:LPP,
  author =       "Ruth E. Davis",
  title =        "Logic Programming and Prolog: a Tutorial",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "53--62",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Ai/ai.misc.bib; Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Santa Clara, Dep of Electrical Engineering \&
                 Computer Science, CA, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Santa Clara, Dep of Electrical
                 Engineering \& Computer Science, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer programming languages;
                 horn clauses; logic programming; nondeterminism; Prolog
                 language; semantics",
}

@Article{Barbacci:1985:SEI,
  author =       "Mario R. Barbacci and A. Nico Habermann and Mary
                 Shaw",
  title =        "Software Engineering Institute: Bridging Practice and
                 Potential",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "4--21",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; engineering research; software
                 engineering; software engineering institute; software
                 management; software tools",
}

@Article{Segall:1985:PPI,
  author =       "Zary Segall and Larry Rudolph",
  title =        "{PIE}: a Programming and Instrumentation Environment
                 for Parallel Processing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "22--37",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Parallel/debug_3.1.bib;
                 Parallel/par.debug.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "bottleneck avoidance; computer programming; computer
                 systems, digital --- Parallel Processing; debugging;
                 parallel programming; pie (programming and
                 instrumentation environment); software development
                 environments",
}

@Article{Cercone:1985:ISF,
  author =       "Nick Cercone and John Boates and Max Krause",
  title =        "An Interactive System for Finding Perfect Hash
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "38--53",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 Misc/hash.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "apl hash functions; computer programming ---
                 Algorithms; data processing; execution efficiency; File
                 Organization; minimality criterion; Pascal hash
                 functions; perfect hash functions",
}

@Article{Martin:1985:NSR,
  author =       "Joanne L. Martin",
  title =        "{National Supercomputer Research Centers}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "55--67",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Cent, Yorktown
                 Heights, NY, USA",
  classification = "722; 723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; computer systems, digital;
                 engineering research; national research centers;
                 Parallel Processing; supercomputer software
                 development; supercomputers",
}

@Article{Stefik:1986:IAP,
  author =       "Mark J. Stefik and Daniel G. Bobrow and Kenneth M.
                 Kahn",
  title =        "Integrating Access-Oriented Programming into a
                 Multiparadigm Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--18",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/database.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Cent, Palo Alto, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "access-oriented programming; computer interfaces;
                 computer programming; computer simulation; loops
                 knowledge programming system; multiparadigm
                 environment",
  owner =        "rts",
}

@Article{Korth:1986:ESR,
  author =       "Henry F. Korth",
  title =        "Extending the Scope of Relational Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--28",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Texas, Austin, TX, USA",
  annote =       "include serving object-oriented and functional
                 languages. Much intro. Operator relations specify
                 processing steps.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; database systems ---
                 Relational; Design; functional programming; relational
                 languages",
}

@Article{Faustini:1986:TRD,
  author =       "Antony A. Faustini and Edgar B. Lewis",
  title =        "Toward a Real-Time Dataflow Language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--35",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/real.time.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer systems,
                 digital --- Real Time Operation; data processing ---
                 Data Transfer; Design; programming language lucid",
}

@Article{Tu:1986:FFA,
  author =       "Hai-Chen Tu and Alan J. Perlis",
  title =        "{FAC}: a Functional {APL} Language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--45",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/Functional.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "GTE Lab, Waltham, MA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 Design; functional apl language; functional array
                 calculator language",
}

@Article{Jenkins:1986:PSN,
  author =       "Michael A. Jenkins and Janice I. Glasgow and Carl D.
                 McCrosky",
  title =        "Programming Styles in {Nial}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--55",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Queen's Univ, Kingston, Ont, Can",
  annote =       "set capability; claims that a relational style is
                 supported.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 object-oriented languages; Performance; programming
                 language Nial",
}

@Article{Paige:1986:PI,
  author =       "Robert Paige",
  title =        "Programming with Invariants",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--69",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer metatheory; computer programming languages;
                 computer software; programming language SETL;
                 programming paradigm; Programming Theory",
}

@Article{Hailpern:1986:MRS,
  author =       "Brent Hailpern and Roger Dannenberg and Dean Rubine
                 and Bjarne Stroustrup and Prabhaker Mateti and Frances
                 Hunt and George W. Ernst and Gerald Radack and Yves
                 Caseau and Mario Tokoro and Yutaka Ishikawa and Mark R.
                 Laff and Yonathan Malachi and Zohar Manna and Richard
                 Waldinger",
  title =        "Multiparadigm Research: a Survey of Nine Projects",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--77",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM, T. J. Watson Research Cent, Yorktown
                 Heights, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer programming languages;
                 computer software; logic programming; multiparadigm
                 systems; Reviews",
}

@Article{Malachi:1986:TFR,
  author =       "Yonathan Malachi and Zohar Manna and Richard
                 Waldinger",
  title =        "{Tablog}: Functional and Relational Programming in One
                 Framework",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--76",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:30:28 1997",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@Article{Thompson:1986:QMS,
  author =       "Timothy F. Thompson and William J. Clancey",
  title =        "Qualitative Modeling Shell for Process Diagnosis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Westinghouse R\&D Cent, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "461; 535; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; biomedical engineering ---
                 Diagnosis; Expert Systems; heuristic classification
                 shell; knowledge-based systems; metal forming",
}

@Article{Wright:1986:ESR,
  author =       "M. Lattimer Wright and Milton W. Green and Gudrun
                 Fiegl and Perry F. Cross",
  title =        "Expert System for Real-Time Control",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16--24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723; 731",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer systems, digital ---
                 Real Time Operation; computers, microcomputer; control
                 systems; Expert Systems; hybrid expert system
                 controller (HEXSCON); knowledge-based systems",
}

@Article{Reddy:1986:KSS,
  author =       "Y. V. Ramana Reddy and Mark S. Fox and Nizwer Husain
                 and Malcolm McRoberts",
  title =        "Knowledge-Based Simulation System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--37",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723; 912; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer graphics; computer
                 simulation; decision theory and analysis; Expert
                 Systems; industrial management --- Computer
                 Applications; knowledge-based systems; schema
                 representation language",
}

@Article{Kim:1986:CAI,
  author =       "Jin Kim and John McDermott",
  title =        "Computer Aids for {IC} Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--47",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Trimester Technologies, USA",
  classification = "714; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence --- Expert Systems; cell
                 layouts; Computer Aided Design; integrated circuits,
                 VLSI; knowledge-based systems; NMOS technology",
}

@Article{Shapiro:1986:FDS,
  author =       "S. C. Shapiro and S. N. Srihari and J. Geller and
                 {M.-R.} Taie",
  title =        "A fault diagnosis system based on an integrated
                 knowledge base",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "48--49",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibsource =    "Ai/SNePS.bib",
  xxnote =       "Check pages??",
}

@Article{Sriram:1986:KBE,
  author =       "Duvvuru Sriram and Michael D. Rychener and Stuart C.
                 Shapiro and Sargur N. Srihari and James Geller and
                 Ming-Ruey Taie and Michael J. Pazzani and Anne F.
                 Brindle and Zhigang Xiang and J. L. Rogers and J. F. M.
                 Barthelemy and Paul A. Fishwick and Bob E. Parry and
                 Mona A. Yousry and Mary Lou Maher",
  title =        "Knowledge --- Based Engineering Systems --- Research
                 in Progress",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "48--60",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; database systems; engineering
                 research; Expert Systems; knowledge-based systems;
                 real-world problems; robotics",
  xxnote =       "Check pages??",
}

@Article{Wartik:1986:FRT,
  author =       "Steven P. Wartik and Maria H. Penedo",
  title =        "{Fillin}: a Reusable Tool for Form-Oriented Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "61--69",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; Design; fillin computer software;
                 form-oriented software; software productivity system;
                 standards; systems science and cybernetics --- Man
                 Machine Systems",
}

@Article{Shneiderman:1986:DSP,
  author =       "Ben Shneiderman and Philip Shafer and Roland Simon and
                 Linda Weldon",
  title =        "Display Strategies for Program Browsing: Concepts and
                 Experiment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 coordinated window systems; display strategies; program
                 browsing; Software Engineering; software maintenance",
}

@Article{Britcher:1986:UMD,
  author =       "Robert N. Britcher and James J. Craig",
  title =        "Using Modern Design Practices to Upgrade Aging
                 Software Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16--24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM, Federal Systems Div, Gaithersburg, MD,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer software; faa software;
                 Software Engineering; software maintenance",
}

@Article{Arango:1986:TSM,
  author =       "Guillermo Arango and Ira Baxter and Peter Freeman and
                 Christopher Pidgeon",
  title =        "{TMM}: Software Maintenance by Transformation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--39",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of California, Irvine, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; Software Engineering; software
                 maintenance; transformation-based maintenance model",
}

@Article{Letovsky:1986:DPP,
  author =       "Stanley Letovsky and Elliot Soloway",
  title =        "Delocalized Plans and Program Comprehension",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "41--49",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Yale Univ, New Haven, CT, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "cognitive analysis; computer programming; computer
                 software; program comprehension; Software Engineering;
                 software maintenance",
}

@Article{Baker:1986:ARS,
  author =       "Theodore P. Baker and Gregory M. Scallon",
  title =        "An Architecture for Real-Time Software Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "50--58",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/real.time.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer software; real time
                 software systems; REX architecture; software
                 design/development; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Schwan:1986:SRA,
  author =       "Karsten Schwan and Anita K. Jones",
  title =        "Specifying Resource Allocation for the {Cm*}
                 Multiprocessor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "60--70",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "allocation automation; computer operating systems ---
                 Program Compilers; computer software --- Software
                 Engineering; computer systems, digital;
                 Multiprocessing; resource directives",
}

@Article{Lehman:1986:PDR,
  author =       "John A. Lehman",
  title =        "Program Design and Rhetoric",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "71--73",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Minnesota, MN, USA",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer software --- Software
                 Engineering; Design; personnel training; program
                 design; rhetoric",
}

@Article{Winner:1986:AVM,
  author =       "Robert I. Winner and Edward M. Carter",
  title =        "Automated Vertical Migration to Dynamic Microcode: an
                 Overview and Example",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6--16",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Inst for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "codes, symbolic; computer architecture; computer
                 programming; computers, microcomputer; microcodes;
                 Microprogramming",
}

@Article{Davidson:1986:PHM,
  author =       "Scott Davidson",
  title =        "Progress in High-Level Microprogramming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--26",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Engineering Research Cent, Princeton, NJ,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer architecture --- Microprogramming; computer
                 programming --- Algorithms; computer programming
                 languages; Design; high-level microprogramming
                 languages; microcoding",
}

@Article{Damm:1986:AAF,
  author =       "Werner Damm and Gert Doehmen and Klaus Merkel and
                 Mathilde Sichelschmidt",
  title =        "{AADL/S*} Approach to Firmware Design Verification",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--37",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "RWTH, Aachen, West Ger",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer architecture --- Microprogramming; computer
                 software; Design; firmware design; microarchitecture",
}

@Article{Mueller:1986:FMM,
  author =       "Robert A. Mueller and Michael R. Duda",
  title =        "Formal Methods of Microcode Verification and
                 Synthesis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--48",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "codes, symbolic; computer architecture ---
                 Microprogramming; computer programming languages;
                 microcode verification; Synthesis",
}

@Article{Dasgupta:1986:ASF,
  author =       "Subrata Dasgupta and Philip A. Wilsey and Juha
                 Heinanen",
  title =        "Axiomatic Specifications in Firmware Development
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--58",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southwestern Louisiana, LA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer architecture --- Microprogramming; computer
                 programming languages; computer software; Design;
                 firmware development; microcodes",
}

@Article{Vegdahl:1986:MOE,
  author =       "Steven R. Vegdahl",
  title =        "Microcode Optimization: Examples and Approaches",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "59--68",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Tektronix Computer Research Lab, Beaverton, OR,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "codes, symbolic --- Optimization; computer
                 architecture; microcode optimization; micromachines;
                 Microprogramming",
}

@Article{Abdel-Hamid:1986:ISE,
  author =       "Tarek K. Abdel-Hamid and Stuart E. Madnick",
  title =        "Impact of Schedule Estimation on Software Project
                 Behavior",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "70--75",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "SRI Int, USA",
  classification = "723; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer simulation; computer software; Design;
                 scheduling; system dynamics",
}

@Article{Madhavji:1986:MLE,
  author =       "Nazim H. Madhavji and Luc Pinsonneault and Kamel
                 Toubache",
  title =        "{Modula-2/MUPE-2}: Language and Environment
                 Interactions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "7--17",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "McGill Univ, Montreal, Que, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software ---
                 Software Engineering; DEF-IMP module; formal
                 construction rules; language-environment interactions;
                 McGill university programming environment (MUPE-2);
                 Modula-2; Modular Construction",
}

@Article{Biagioni:1986:POS,
  author =       "E. Biagioni and K. Hinrichs and G. Heiser and C.
                 Muller",
  title =        "Portable Operating System Interface and Utility
                 Library for {Modula-2}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "18--26",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems --- Computer Interfaces;
                 computer programming languages --- Modular
                 Construction; computer software; large set operation;
                 Modula-2 application programs; operating system
                 standard interface (OSSI); Portability; standard layer;
                 standards; utility library",
}

@Article{Gutknecht:1986:SCM,
  author =       "J. Gutknecht",
  title =        "Separate Compilation in {Modula-2}: an Approach to
                 Efficient Symbol Files",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "29--38",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Inst for Information, Zurich, Switz",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer operating systems;
                 computer programming languages --- Modular
                 Construction; computer programs; data processing ---
                 Data Structures; definition modules; knowledge-based
                 problem-solving; Modula-Prolog package; Program
                 Compilers; symbol file blocks",
}

@Article{Muller:1986:MSD,
  author =       "Carlo Muller",
  title =        "{Modula-Prolog}: a Software Development Tool",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "39--45",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Brown Boveri Research Cent, Baden, Switz",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; automatic testing ---
                 Equipment; computer programming languages; computer
                 software --- Computer Interfaces; knowledge-based
                 diagnosis system; Modula-2 language; Modula-Prolog
                 software development tool; Modular Construction;
                 programmable testing",
}

@Article{Rovner:1986:EMB,
  author =       "Paul Rovner",
  title =        "Extending {Modula-2} to Build Large, Integrated
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "46--57",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "DEC Systems Research Cent, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer systems,
                 digital --- Multiprocessing; computers, personal ---
                 Computer Interfaces; concurrency; data processing ---
                 Data Structures; data storage units; Firefly personal
                 workstation; Modula-2 extension; Modular Construction;
                 shared data structure and code; shared memory",
}

@Article{Mills:1986:SPR,
  author =       "Harlan D. Mills",
  title =        "Structured Programming: Retrospect and Prospect",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "58--66",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM, Bethesda, MD, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer programming languages;
                 data processing --- Data Structures; high level
                 languages; Industrial Applications; mathematical
                 correctness; structured programming",
}

@Article{Prieto-Diaz:1987:CSR,
  author =       "Ruben Prieto-Diaz and Peter Freeman",
  title =        "Classifying Software for Reusability",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "GTE Lab, Waltham, MA, USA",
  classification = "723; 903",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; faceted classification schedule;
                 information retrieval systems; information science ---
                 Classification; reuse model; Selection; software
                 libraries; software reusability classification",
}

@Article{Tomijima:1987:HJR,
  author =       "Althea Uhlman Tomijima",
  title =        "How {Japan}'s Recently Amended Copyright Law Affects
                 Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--21",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Santa Clara Univ, CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; copyright infringement; copyright
                 law in Japan; legislation --- Japan; Protection;
                 software protection law",
}

@Article{Artsy:1987:ICC,
  author =       "Yeshayahu Artsy and Hung-Yang Chang and Raphael
                 Finkel",
  title =        "Interprocess Communication in {Charlotte}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--28",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA",
  classification = "718; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "charlotte distributed operating system; Computer
                 Interfaces; computer networks --- Protocols; computer
                 operating systems; computer systems, digital ---
                 Distributed; computers --- Data Communication Systems;
                 crystal multicomputer; information theory ---
                 Communication Channels; inter-process communication;
                 telecommunication links; token ring connection",
}

@Article{Chang:1987:VLT,
  author =       "Shi-Kuo Chang",
  title =        "Visual Languages: a Tutorial and Survey",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--39",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723; 741",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; iconic visual
                 information processing; Imaging Techniques; systems
                 science and cybernetics --- Cognitive Systems; visprog
                 ptyping binder(visprog); visual interaction support;
                 visual languages; visual programming languages",
}

@Article{Baskette:1987:LCA,
  author =       "Jerry Harvey Baskette",
  title =        "Life Cycle Analysis of an {Ada} Project",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--47",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "BDM Corp, Fort Lewis, WA, USA",
  classification = "723; 741; 911",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "apse interactive monitor (aim); computer graphics ---
                 Interactive; computer programming languages --- Ada;
                 computer software; Costs; imaging techniques;
                 interactive software tool; life cycle analysis;
                 multiple images; multiple windows per image",
}

@Article{Kamel:1987:EMS,
  author =       "Ragui F. Kamel",
  title =        "Effect of Modularity on System Evolution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--54",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "BNR, Ottawa, Ont, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Bell Northern Research (BNR) Pascal; computer
                 interfaces; computer programming; computer programming
                 languages --- Pascal; Modular Construction; modular
                 language; modular programming techniques; Protel",
}

@Article{Pemberton:1987:ASL,
  author =       "Steven Pemberton",
  title =        "Alternative Simple Language and Environment for
                 {PCs}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--64",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "CWI, Informatics AA, Amsterdam, Neth",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "abc language; computer programming languages; computer
                 systems, digital --- Interactive Operation; computers,
                 personal; high-level data types; programming tools",
}

@Article{Gibbs:1987:MMF,
  author =       "Simon Gibbs and Dennis Tsichritzis and Akis Fitas and
                 Dimitri Konstantas and Yannis Yeorgaroudakis",
  title =        "{Muse}: a Multimedia Filing System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "4--15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:31:05 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib; Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "MCC, Austin, TX, USA",
  annote =       "uses SUN for text, image windows, icons for color and
                 sound.",
  classification = "722; 723; 741; 903",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "data storage, optical; information retrieval systems;
                 multimedia documents; muse; office automation; misc mmlit muse",
}

@Article{Litwin:1987:NMF,
  author =       "Witold Litwin and David B. Lomet",
  title =        "A New Method for Fast Data Search with Keys",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16--24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 18:43:37 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  note =         "Also published in/as: Proc. IEEE CS Intl. Conf. No. 2
                 on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, Feb.1986.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Natl Research Inst, Le Chesnay, Fr",
  classification = "723; 903",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "data search methods; hashing; index representation;
                 information retrieval systems; information science ---
                 Indexing; tree indexing",
}

@Article{Blum:1987:TDE,
  author =       "Bruce I. Blum",
  title =        "Tedium Development Environment for Information
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "25--34",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Johns Hopkins Univ, Applied Physics Lab, Laurel,
                 MD, USA",
  classification = "723; 903",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; information retrieval systems;
                 interactive information systems; Software Engineering;
                 tedium",
}

@Article{Bass:1987:RHD,
  author =       "Leonard J. Bass",
  title =        "Role of a Historian in a Database Management System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--40",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723; 903; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "database systems; datman database management system;
                 information retrieval systems; Management",
}

@Article{Biggerstaff:1987:RFA,
  author =       "Ted J. Biggerstaff and Charles Richter",
  title =        "Reusability Framework, Assessment, and Directions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "41--49",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:31:14 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Microelectronics \& Computer Technology Corp,
                 Austin, TX, USA",
  classification = "723; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer software; Maintenance;
                 olit-reuse; software reusability",
}

@Article{Meyer:1987:RCO,
  author =       "Bertrand Meyer",
  title =        "Reusability: the Case for Object-Oriented Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--64",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Interactive Software Engineering Inc, Santa
                 Barbara, CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "abstract data types; computer programming ---
                 Subroutines; computer programming languages; computer
                 software; Maintenance; object-oriented approach;
                 software reusability",
}

@Article{Isoda:1987:VVD,
  author =       "Sadahiro Isoda and Takao Shimomura and Yuji Ono",
  title =        "{VIPS}: a Visual Debugger",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8--19",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "NTT, Jpn",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer graphics --- Interactive; computer
                 programming; computer programming languages --- Ada;
                 data windows; Program Debugging; visual debugger;
                 visual interactive programming support (VIPS)",
}

@Article{Seviora:1987:KPD,
  author =       "Rudolph E. Seviora",
  title =        "Knowledge-Based Program Debugging Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20--32",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Waterloo, Ont, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer programming;
                 i/o-based debugging; internal-trace-based debugging;
                 knowledge-based program debugging; Program Debugging;
                 program-analysis debugging",
}

@Article{Horspool:1987:AGC,
  author =       "R. Nigel Horspool",
  title =        "Alternative to the {Graham-Glanville} Code-Generation
                 Method",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33--39",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Victoria, BC, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems; computer systems
                 programming; Graham-Glanville code-generation method;
                 grammatical ambiguities; heuristic resolution rules;
                 machine grammar size; Program Compilers; semantic
                 blocking",
}

@Article{Knudsen:1987:BEB,
  author =       "Jorgen Lindskov Knudsen",
  title =        "Better Exception-Handling in Block-Structured
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40--49",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Aarhus Univ, Den",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "block-structured systems; computer programming;
                 computer systems programming; default exception
                 handling; exception handling mechanisms; static
                 exception handling; Structured Programming",
}

@Article{Diederich:1987:EPS,
  author =       "Jim Diederich and Jack Milton",
  title =        "Experimental Prototyping in {Smalltalk}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "50--64",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of California, Davis, CA, USA",
  annote =       "experience while developing a database design tool.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 encapsulation and hierarchy for object definition;
                 fearless programming; Problem Orientation; Smalltalk
                 object-oriented language",
}

@Article{Bassett:1987:FSE,
  author =       "Paul G. Bassett",
  title =        "Frame-Based Software Engineering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9--16",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Netron Inc, Downsview, Ont, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages --- cobol; computer
                 software; frame-based software engineering; reusable
                 software; Software Engineering; software modification;
                 software reliability",
}

@Article{Kaiser:1987:MSS,
  author =       "Gail E. Kaiser and David Garlan",
  title =        "Melding Software Systems from Reusable Building
                 Blocks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "17--24",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Columbia Univ, New York, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 declarative language; meld language; object-oriented
                 programming; Software Engineering; software
                 reusability",
}

@Article{Burton:1987:RSL,
  author =       "Bruce A. Burton and Rhonda Wienk Aragon and Stephen A.
                 Bailey and Kenneth D. Koehler and Lauren A. Mayes",
  title =        "Reusable Software Library",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25--33",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Intermetrics Inc, Huntington Beach, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer aided design; computer programming languages
                 --- Ada; computer software; database systems; reusable
                 software library; software component retrieval and
                 evaluation (score); Software Engineering; software
                 reusability",
}

@Article{Lenz:1987:SRT,
  author =       "Manfred Lenz and Hans Albrecht Schmid and Peter F.
                 Wolf",
  title =        "Software Reuse Through Building Blocks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--42",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM Lab, Boeblingen, West Ger",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 computer systems programming; PL/S systems programming
                 language; software building blocks; software
                 development environments; Software Engineering;
                 software reusability",
}

@Article{Gargaro:1987:RIA,
  author =       "Anthony Gargaro and T. L. Pappas",
  title =        "Reusability Issues and {Ada}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--51",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Computer Sciences Corp, Moorestown, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "ada; ada runtime system; computer programming
                 languages --- Ada; computer software; mission-critical
                 computer resource (MCCR) software; Software
                 Engineering; software portability; software
                 readability",
}

@Article{Woodfield:1987:CPR,
  author =       "Scott N. Woodfield and David W. Embley and Del T.
                 Scott",
  title =        "Can Programmers Reuse Software?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "52--59",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "abstract-data-type libraries; computer software;
                 object-oriented programming; Software Engineering;
                 software reliability; software reusability",
}

@Article{Fischer:1987:CVR,
  author =       "Gerhard Fischer",
  title =        "Cognitive View of Reuse and Redesign",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60--72",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages --- Problem
                 Orientation; computer software; object-oriented
                 knowledge representation; objtalk architecture;
                 software design; Software Engineering; software
                 reusability",
}

@Article{Anderson:1987:IOL,
  author =       "J. Wayne Anderson and William F. Galway and Robert R.
                 Kessler and Herbert Melenk and Winfried Neun",
  title =        "Implementing and Optimizing {Lisp} for the {Cray}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "74--83",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Los Alamos Natl Lab, NM, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software ---
                 Portability; lisp; portable common lisp version; reduce
                 symbolic algebra package",
}

@Article{Haibert:1987:UTI,
  author =       "Daniel C. Haibert and Patrick D. O'Brien",
  title =        "Using Types and Inheritance in Object-Oriented
                 Programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "71--79",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibsource =    "Database/Graefe.bib; Object/Ooos.bib;
                 Parallel/oops.par.bib",
}

@Article{Dowson:1987:IPS,
  author =       "Mark Dowson",
  title =        "Integrated Project Support with {IStar}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "6--15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Imperial Software Technology",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer software; integrated
                 project support; ISTAR; software development
                 environments; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Reiss:1987:WGE,
  author =       "Steven P. Reiss",
  title =        "Working in the Garden Environment for Conceptual
                 Programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "16--27",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Brown Univ, Providence, RI, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- Design; computer software;
                 conceptual programming; garden environment; multiwindow
                 environment; object-oriented programming; software
                 development environments; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Leblang:1987:PSC,
  author =       "David B. Leblang and Robert P. {Chase, Jr.}",
  title =        "Parallel software configuration management in a
                 network environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "28--35",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:31:53 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Distributed/clusters.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Apollo Computer, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer networks; computer software; computer
                 systems, digital --- Parallel Processing; domain
                 software engineering environment; dsee; parallel
                 software configuration management; software development
                 environments; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Walker:1987:SGP,
  author =       "Janet H. Walker and David A. Moon and Daniel L.
                 Weinreb and Mike McMahon",
  title =        "{Symbolics Genera} Programming Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "36--45",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Symbolics Inc, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer software; large
                 software systems; software development environments;
                 Software Engineering; symbolics genera",
}

@Article{Harrison:1987:RFI,
  author =       "William Harrison",
  title =        "{RPDE}$^3$: a Framework for Integrating Tool
                 Fragments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "46--57",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; software development environments;
                 Software Engineering; software tool integration; tool
                 decomposition model",
}

@Article{Kaiser:1987:MDL,
  author =       "Gail E. Kaiser and Simon E. Kaplan and Josephine
                 Micallef",
  title =        "Multiuser, Distributed Language-Based Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "58--67",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Distributed/networks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Columbia Univ, New York, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer programming languages;
                 computer software; distributed language-based
                 programming environment; large-scale software projects;
                 software development environments; Software
                 Engineering",
  memo =         "No",
  where =        "1st {MultiG} Conference",
  xxauthor =     "Gail E. Kaiser and Simon M. Kaplan and Josephine
                 Micallef",
}

@Article{Linton:1987:DMS,
  author =       "Mark A. Linton",
  title =        "Distributed Management of a Software Database",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "70--76",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Stanford Univ, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "allegro environment; computer programming; computer
                 software --- Software Engineering; database systems;
                 Distributed; software development environments;
                 software-development database",
}

@Article{Balzer:1987:LNO,
  author =       "Robert M. Balzer",
  title =        "Living in the Next-Generation Operating System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "77--85",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  note =         "Also published in/as: `Proceedings of the tri-annual
                 IFIP Conf', H.Kugler(ed), N-H (Amsterdam), 1986.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA,
                 USA",
  annote =       "Data and control spaces. In data space: persistence,
                 sharing and structure should be independent. `The
                 distinction between explicit, stored data, and
                 implicit, derived data, is only a manifestation of the
                 data's physical representation'!? System to provide
                 associative retrieval to the data. Control space:
                 modules interact through the database.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems; database systems; extended
                 database; phase-sequencing program composition
                 mechanisms; pipelining program composition mechanisms",
}

@Article{Kallstrom:1988:PTP,
  author =       "Marta Kallstrom and Shreekant S. Thakkar",
  title =        "Programming Three Parallel Computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--22",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Parallel/par.misc.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Manchester, Engl",
  annote =       "See also earlier compcon paper. Nice low-level
                 introduction to comparing parallel machines and
                 portability. Discusses three approaches to parallel
                 programming. Great for students learning parallel
                 programming. Includes transputers, Sequent Balance, and
                 iPSC.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Comparison for Traveling Salesman Problem, C/Intel
                 iPSC, Occam/transputer, C/Balance 8000,grecommended91,
                 jb; computer programming; computer systems, digital ---
                 Parallel Processing; data sharing; events
                 synchronization; parallel programming",
}

@Article{Kruatrachue:1988:GSD,
  author =       "Boontee Kruatrachue and Ted Lewis",
  title =        "Grain Size Determination for Parallel Processing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--32",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 Theory/partition.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR, USA",
  annote =       "deals with scheduling in cases where communication
                 delay GT or GG processing task delay. Acyclic
                 computation network. Then replication helps greatly.
                 Extreme examples are where communication late in
                 network is long, but in databases we expect result
                 cardinalities, and hence comm.cost, to decrease.",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer systems,
                 digital; extended serial and concurrent programming
                 languages; grain packing; Parallel Processing; total
                 execution time reduction",
}

@Article{Wolfe:1988:MSC,
  author =       "Michael Wolfe",
  title =        "Multiprocessor Synchronization for Concurrent Loops",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--42",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Kuck \& Associates Inc, Savoy, IL, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer systems, digital; concurrent-loop paradigm;
                 data dependence; data processing --- Synchronization;
                 Multiprocessing; multiprocessor synchronization;
                 pipelining; shared-memory multiprocessor",
}

@Article{Carlton:1988:DPS,
  author =       "Mike Carlton and Peter {Van Roy}",
  title =        "Distributed {Prolog} System with and Parallelism",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--51",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "and-parallelism implementation; benchmark programs;
                 computer networks --- Testing; computer operating
                 systems --- Program Compilers; computer programming ---
                 Algorithms; computer systems programming --- Sorting;
                 computer systems, digital; Distributed; distributed
                 Prolog system; message passing; recursive Fibonacci
                 program",
}

@Article{Hudak:1988:EPP,
  author =       "Paul Hudak",
  title =        "Exploring Parafunctional Programming: Separating the
                 What from the How",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--61",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Yale Univ, New Haven, CT, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer programming languages;
                 high-level debugging; metalinguistic constructs;
                 parafunctional programming; structured editing;
                 Structured Programming",
}

@Article{Oldehoeft:1988:APS,
  author =       "Rodney R. Oldehoeft and David C. Cann",
  title =        "Applicative Parallelism on a Shared-Memory
                 Multiprocessor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--70",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/Functional.bib;
                 Parallel/Pfpbib.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Colorado State Univ, Ft. Collins, CO, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software ---
                 Performance; computer systems programming --- Sorting;
                 computer systems, digital; loops and streams;
                 microtasking software; Parallel Functional Programming,
                 functional sisal benchmarks dataflow parallel; Parallel
                 Processing; shared-memory multiprocessor; sisal
                 language",
}

@Article{Lindquist:1988:TGI,
  author =       "Timothy E. Lindquist and Joyce R. Jenkins",
  title =        "Test-Case Generation with {IOGen}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--79",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "automata theory --- Grammars; computer programming
                 languages --- Ada; computer software --- Reliability;
                 computer systems programming; Input Output Programs;
                 left to right scan with one look-ahead token;
                 static-analysis tool; symbolic execution; test-case
                 generation",
}

@Article{Chikofsky:1988:CRE,
  author =       "Elliot J. Chikofsky and Burt L. Rubenstein",
  title =        "Case: Reliability Engineering for Information
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11--16",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Index Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer aided design; computer software;
                 computer-aided software engineering (case); information
                 retrieval systems; reliability; reliability
                 engineering; Software Engineering; systems engineering
                 --- Computer Applications",
}

@Article{Cureton:1988:FUC,
  author =       "Bill Cureton",
  title =        "Future of {Unix} in the {CASE} Renaissance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18--22",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Sun Microsystems, Mountain View, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems; computer software ---
                 Software Engineering; computer-aided software
                 engineering (case); UNIX improvements; UNIX operating
                 system",
}

@Article{Bigelow:1988:HC,
  author =       "James Bigelow",
  title =        "Hypertext and {CASE}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23--27",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/is.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Tektronix, Beaverton, OR, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer aided design; computer architecture; computer
                 software; computer-aided software engineering (case);
                 database systems; hypertext abstract machine; hypertext
                 database; Neptune database; query operations; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Sorenson:1988:MSM,
  author =       "Paul G. Sorenson and Jean-Paul Tremblay and Andrew J.
                 McAllister",
  title =        "The {Metaview} System for Many Specification
                 Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--38",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/is.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer aided design; computer software;
                 computer-aided software engineering (case); metaview
                 system; Software Engineering; software-development
                 environment",
}

@Article{Acly:1988:LBC,
  author =       "Ed Acly",
  title =        "Looking Beyond {CASE}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "39--43",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Int Data Corp, Framingham, MA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "CADME system; computer aided design; computer
                 software; computer-aided software engineering (case);
                 enterprise metadata; information retrieval systems;
                 information-resource dictionary systems; runtime
                 metadata; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Martin:1988:SCT,
  author =       "Charles F. Martin",
  title =        "Second-Generation {CASE} Tools: a Challenge to
                 Vendors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "46--49",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Charles F. Martin Associates, Concord, MA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer aided design; computer graphics; computer
                 software; computer-aided software engineering (case);
                 documentation layouts; intelligent diagraming support;
                 second-generation case tools; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Symonds:1988:CSK,
  author =       "Andrew J. Symonds",
  title =        "Creating a Software-Engineering Knowledge Base",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--56",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA",
  annote =       "Operational life cycles model. Goal is to build a
                 complete CASE environment surrounding the factual
                 component of the knowledge base and to use libraries as
                 backing storage instead of a relational database.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; code generation; computer
                 operating systems; computer software; computer-aided
                 software engineering (case); database systems; IBM
                 CASE/MVS project; MVS/XA operating system; Software
                 Engineering; software-engineering knowledge base",
}

@Article{Puncello:1988:AKB,
  author =       "P. Paolo Puncello and Piero Torrigiani and Francesco
                 Pietri and Riccardo Burlon and Bruno Cardile and
                 Mirella Conti",
  title =        "{ASPIS}: a Knowledge-Based {CASE} Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "58--65",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:33:00 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Tecsiel SpA, Pisa, Italy",
  annote =       "Entity-relationship schemas to represent data. Two
                 knowledge-based assistants: method of analysis and
                 design phases and about the application area.
                 Methodical knowledge, domain knowledge. With
                 scenario.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; ASPIS system; computer
                 software; computer-aided software engineering (CASE);
                 Esprit Project 401; knowledge-based CASE environment;
                 Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Luqi:1988:CPS,
  author =       "Luqi and Mohammad A. Ketabchi",
  title =        "A Computer-Aided Prototyping System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "66--72",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "US Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Design; computer graphics; computer
                 software; computer-aided prototyping system; database
                 systems; execution support system; prototyping
                 language; rewrite subsystem",
}

@Article{Humphrey:1988:CSP,
  author =       "Watts S. Humphrey",
  title =        "Characterizing the Software Process: a Maturity
                 Framework",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--79",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "404; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer aided prototyping; computer software;
                 Military Purposes; software-development organizations;
                 software-process maturity framework",
}

@Article{Vardi:1988:UDM,
  author =       "Moshe Y. Vardi",
  title =        "Universal-Relation Data Model for Logical
                 Independence",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "80--85",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM Almaden Research Cent, San Jose, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "database systems; database-management systems; logical
                 independence; query-language interface; Relational;
                 universal-relation data model",
}

@Article{Stroustrup:1988:WOP,
  author =       "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  title =        "What is Object-Oriented Programming?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--20",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Bell Lab, Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 data abstraction; data hiding; exception handling;
                 object-oriented programming; Problem Orientation;
                 programming paradigms",
}

@Article{Cmelik:1988:DAC,
  author =       "Robert F. Cmelik and Narain H. Gehani",
  title =        "Dimensional Analysis with {C++}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21--27",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Bell Lab, Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "automatic dimensional analysis; C plus plus language;
                 C plus plus vs. ada; computer programming languages;
                 computer software; data abstraction facilities",
}

@Article{Ballarin:1988:MCE,
  author =       "Enrico Ballarin and Helmar Burkhart and Rudolf
                 Eigenmann and Heinz Kindlimann and Michael Moser",
  title =        "Making a Compiler Easily Portable",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30--38",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "ETH, Zurich, Switz",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer interfaces; computer operating systems;
                 computer software --- Portability; interface coding;
                 Modula-2/68K compiler; Program Compilers; universal OS
                 interface",
}

@Article{Kaiser:1988:IAS,
  author =       "Gail E. Kaiser and Peter H. Feiler and Steven S.
                 Popovich",
  title =        "Intelligent Assistance for Software Development and
                 Maintenance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40--49",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Columbia Univ, New York, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer software; database
                 systems; early error checking; opportunistic
                 processing; professor marvel; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Ambras:1988:MKP,
  author =       "James Ambras and Vicky O'Day",
  title =        "{MicroScope}: a Knowledge-Based Programming
                 Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "50--58",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Hewlett-Packard Lab, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer programming ---
                 Program Debugging; computer software; incremental
                 support; knowledge-based programming environment;
                 Maintenance; microscope programming environment; user
                 interface",
}

@Article{Meyers:1988:MPW,
  author =       "Richard J. Meyers and Jeff W. Parrish",
  title =        "{Macintosh} Programmer's Workshop",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "59--66",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Apple Computers, Cupertino, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "command language; computer graphics; computer
                 programming; computer software; computers,
                 microcomputer; editor/shell integration; macintosh
                 programmer's workshop; program-development environment;
                 user-defined menus",
}

@Article{Sherman:1988:TSE,
  author =       "Mark Sherman and Robert L. Drysdale",
  title =        "Teaching Software Engineering in a Workstation
                 Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "68--76",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer graphics --- Interactive; computer
                 interfaces; computer programming --- Education;
                 computer software; data processing --- Data Structures;
                 interactive adventure games; Software Engineering;
                 software engineering teaching; user interface;
                 workstation environment",
}

@Article{Thimbleby:1988:DC,
  author =       "Harold Thimbleby",
  title =        "Delaying Commitment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "78--86",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of York, Engl",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer software; delay
                 tactics; design commitment delay; lazy evaluation;
                 programming strategy",
}

@Article{Carver:1988:ALS,
  author =       "Doris Carver",
  title =        "Acceptable Legal Standards for Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "87--93",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA, USA",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; Legislation; software legal
                 standards; software protection; software-related
                 litigation",
}

@Article{Codd:1988:CRU,
  author =       "E. F. Codd",
  title =        "Comments, with reply, on {`The universal-relation data
                 model for logical independence' by M. Vardi}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4, 6--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "database systems; Relational; relational data model;
                 universal-relation data model",
}

@Article{Misra:1988:TVF,
  author =       "Santosh K. Misra and Paul J. Jalics",
  title =        "Third-Generation versus Fourth-Generation Software
                 Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--14",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer software;
                 dBase III language; fourth generation computer
                 languages; OLIT 4GL; PC/FOCUS language; Software
                 Engineering; third generation computer languages",
}

@Article{Verner:1988:ESE,
  author =       "June Verner and Graham Tate",
  title =        "Estimating size and effort in fourth-generation
                 development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15--22",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "all language; computer programming languages; computer
                 software; fourth generation computer languages;
                 information retrieval systems --- Design; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Cleaveland:1988:BAG,
  author =       "J. Craig Cleaveland",
  title =        "Building application generators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25--33",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "application generators; application-generator
                 generators; computer software; computers,
                 microcomputer; customized reusable software;
                 dialogue-code generation system; Software Engineering;
                 software reusability; telecommunication systems ---
                 Computer Applications",
}

@Article{Koschmann:1988:BGB,
  author =       "Timothy Koschmann and Martha Walton Evens",
  title =        "Bridging the Gap Between Object-Oriented and Logic
                 Programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4 or 5?",
  pages =        "36--42",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Object/Oop.log.bib",
  note =         "A description is given of an interface that was
                 developed between {Loops} and Xerox {Quintus Prolog}.
                 {Loops} is an extension to the Xerox AI Environment to
                 support object-oriented programming; Xerox {Quintus
                 Prolog} is a version of Prolog\ that runs on Xerox Lisp
                 machines. Such a bridge enables all the support tools
                 of both environments to be accessed, and degradation of
                 performance that occurs when one language is
                 implemented on top of another is avoided. The interface
                 has three layers. At the lowest level, a set of Prolog
                 predicates gives the Prolog\ programmer access to
                 {Loops} objects. This lowest level is the bridge from
                 Prolog to {Loops}. At the next level, programming tools
                 in the {Loops} environment let object methods be
                 defined in Prolog. At the highest level, the Prolog
                 programmer can treat Prolog clauses as {Loops} objects
                 that can be manipulated outside the Prolog database.
                 Each layer can be used independently. 9 Refs",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  approach =     "Applications, Theoretical",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer programming
                 languages; computer software --- Software Engineering;
                 logic programming; loops system; object oriented
                 programming; Problem Orientation; Xerox Lisp Machines;
                 Xerox Quintus Prolog",
}

@Article{Bhattacharyya:1988:VPC,
  author =       "Mitali Bhattacharyya and David Cohrs and Barton
                 Miller",
  title =        "Visual process connector for {UNIX}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--50",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- Education; computer software
                 --- Software Engineering; computer systems, digital;
                 Distributed; distributed computing; UNIX; Upconn
                 programming tool; visual process connector for UNIX",
}

@Article{Karam:1988:IDM,
  author =       "Gerald M. Karam",
  title =        "{ICON}-based design method for {PROLOG}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "51--65",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer graphics; computer programming languages;
                 computer software; dataflow-driven decomposition;
                 icon-based design method; iconic syntax;
                 module-oriented Prolog design model; Prolog language;
                 Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Wing:1988:SSL,
  author =       "Jeannette M. Wing",
  title =        "Study of 12 specifications of the library problem",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "66--76",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software --- Software Engineering; database
                 systems; library database; natural language
                 specifications; software specification",
}

@Article{Kelley:1988:MEH,
  author =       "Keith L. Kelley and Marek Rusinkiewicz",
  title =        "Multikey, extensible hashing for relational
                 databases",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "77--85",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 Misc/hash.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Support sequential, full-key, and partial-key
                 retrieval, concurrent access and primary key (optional
                 uniqueness); uses multi-level bucket splitting.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "concurrency control; data processing --- File
                 Organization; database systems; extensible hashing;
                 multikey extensible hashing; radix search trees;
                 Relational; request database management system",
}

@Article{Ford:1988:CAR,
  author =       "Ray Ford",
  title =        "Concurrent algorithms for real-time memory
                 management",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "10--23",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages --- Ada; computer
                 systems, digital; concurrent algorithms; data storage,
                 digital; optimistic concurrency control; real time
                 memory management; Real Time Operation",
}

@Article{Luqi:1988:RPR,
  author =       "Luqi and Valdis Berzins",
  title =        "Rapidly prototyping real-time systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "25--36",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software --- Software Engineering; computer
                 systems, digital; high level prototyping language;
                 prototype system description language (PSDL); Real Time
                 Operation; real time systems; software reusability",
}

@Article{Deutsch:1988:FRS,
  author =       "Michael S. Deutsch",
  title =        "Focusing real-time systems analysis on user
                 operations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "39--50",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 722; 723; 822; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "automata theory --- Finite Automata; bottle filling
                 system; bottling plants --- Automation; computer
                 software --- Software Engineering; computer systems,
                 digital; operations concept model; Real Time Operation;
                 real time systems; systems analysis; systems
                 engineering",
}

@Article{Karp:1988:CPF,
  author =       "Alan H. Karp and Robert G. Babb",
  title =        "A comparison of 12 parallel {Fortran} dialects",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "52--67",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Distributed/clusters.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "alliant fx/8; bbn butterfly; computer programming
                 languages --- fortran; computer software --- Software
                 Engineering; computer systems, digital; cray x-mp/48;
                 encore multimax; parallel fortran dialects; Parallel
                 Processing",
}

@Article{Ranka:1988:PHM,
  author =       "Sanjay Ranka and Youngju Won and Sartaj Sahni",
  title =        "Programming a hypercube multicomputer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "69--77",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; computer systems, digital;
                 hypercube multicomputer; image-template matching; load
                 balancing; Parallel Processing",
}

@Article{Samuelson:1988:CLS,
  author =       "Pamela Samuelson",
  title =        "Is copyright law steering the right course?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "78--86",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "computer software; copyright law; copyright versus
                 patent protection; Legislation; patents and
                 inventions",
}

@Article{Bisiani:1988:TCT,
  author =       "Roberto Bisiani and Francois Lecouat and Vincenzo
                 Ambriola",
  title =        "Tool to coordinate tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "17--25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artificial Intelligence --- Expert Systems; case;
                 Computer Aided Software Engineering; Computer
                 Programming --- Computer Applications; Computer
                 Software; Expert-System Planner; Software Development;
                 Software Development Environments; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Tsai:1988:ISS,
  author =       "Jeffrey J.-P. Tsai and Joel C. Ridge",
  title =        "Intelligent support for specifications
                 transformation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "28--35",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artificial Intelligence --- Expert Systems; case;
                 Computer Aided Software Engineering; Computer
                 Programming --- Computer Applications; Computer
                 Software; Software Engineering; Software Requirements;
                 Software Specifications; Specification-Transformation
                 Expert System (STES)",
}

@Article{Fickas:1988:CSS,
  author =       "Stephen Fickas and P. Nagarajan",
  title =        "Critiquing software specifications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "37--47",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artificial Intelligence --- Expert Systems; case;
                 Computer Aided Software Engineering; Computer Software;
                 Database Systems; Kate Expert System; Software
                 Engineering; Software Specification Debugging; Software
                 Specifications",
}

@Article{Miller:1988:ADA,
  author =       "Keith W. Miller and Larry J. Morell and Fred Stevens",
  title =        "Adding data abstraction to {FORTRAN} software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "50--58",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Coll of William \& Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Abstract Data Types; Computer Programming languages
                 --- fortran; Computer Software; Data Abstraction;
                 Fortran Abstract Data (fad) System; Fortran-Callable
                 Software; Software Reuse",
}

@Article{Cameron:1988:APP,
  author =       "Robert D. Cameron",
  title =        "Abstract pretty printer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "61--67",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Can",
  classification = "723; 745",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming --- Algorithms; Computer Systems
                 Programming; Data Processing --- Word Processing;
                 Low-Level Printing; Pretty Printers; Printing ---
                 Computer Applications; Text Formatting; Text
                 Processing; Utility Programs",
}

@Article{Sockut:1988:FSF,
  author =       "Gary H. Sockut and Ashok Malhotra",
  title =        "A full-screen facility for defining relational and
                 entity-relationship schemas",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "68--78",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/database.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM T J Watson Research Cent, Yorktown Heights, NY,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer interfaces; Database Systems; Dbdefs
                 Interactive System; Entity-Relationship Database
                 Schemas; Entity-Relationship Interfaces; Relational;
                 Relational Interfaces",
  owner =        "robyn",
}

@Article{Myers:1989:UTI,
  author =       "Brad A. Myers",
  title =        "User-interface tools: Introduction and survey",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--23",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Automatic Creation Interfaces; Computer Graphics;
                 Computer Interfaces; Computer Programming; Computer
                 Software --- Software Engineering; Graphical
                 Interfaces; Language Based Interfaces; User Interface
                 Development Systems",
}

@Article{Foley:1989:DIH,
  author =       "James Foley and Won Chul Kim and Srdjan Kovacevic and
                 Kevin Murray",
  title =        "Defining interfaces at a high level of abstraction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--32",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Programming; Computer
                 Software --- Software Engineering; Knowledge Based
                 Systems; User Interface Management Systems; User
                 Interfacement Environment",
}

@Article{Hodges:1989:CSM,
  author =       "Matthew E. Hodges and Russell M. Sasnett and Mark S.
                 Ackerman",
  title =        "Construction set for multimedia applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "37--43",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Athena Muse; Computer Interfaces; Computer
                 Programming; Computer Software --- Software
                 Engineering; Declarative Constraints; Mathematical
                 Techniques --- Graph Theory; Multimedia Learning
                 Environment; Procedural Languages; User Interface
                 Development Systems",
}

@Article{Fischer:1989:HIS,
  author =       "Gerhard Fischer",
  title =        "Human-computer interaction software: Lessons learned,
                 challenges ahead",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--52",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces --- Design; Computer Software;
                 Crack Interface Design Environment; Framer Interface
                 Design Environment; Human-Computer Interaction
                 Software; Intelligent Support Systems; Knowledge Based
                 Systems; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Kasik:1989:RUU,
  author =       "David J. Kasik and Michelle A. Lund and Henry W.
                 Ramsey",
  title =        "Reflections on using a {UIMS} for complex
                 applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--61",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Command Macro Languages; Computer Interfaces; Computer
                 Programming; Computer Software --- Software
                 Engineering; oasis Project; User Interface Management
                 Systems",
}

@Article{Hartson:1989:UMC,
  author =       "Rex Hartson",
  title =        "User-interface management control and communication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--70",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Application Semantics; Computer Architecture; Computer
                 Interfaces; Computer Programming; Computer Software;
                 Dialog Control; Object Oriented Programming; Runtime
                 Architecture; User Interface Management Systems",
}

@Article{Thomas:1989:MEG,
  author =       "John C. Thomas and Wendy A. Kellogg",
  title =        "Minimizing ecological gaps in interface design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--86",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artifact Gaps; Computer Interfaces --- Human Factors;
                 Computer Software; Design; Task Gaps; User Interfaces;
                 Work Context Gaps",
}

@Article{Burton:1989:FPQ,
  author =       "F. Warren Burton and John G. Kollias",
  title =        "Functional programming with quadtrees",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "90--97",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Programming Languages;
                 Data Processing --- Data Structures; Data Types;
                 Function Programming; Functional Languages; Pattern
                 Matching; Quadtrees",
}

@Article{Kramer:1989:DIE,
  author =       "Bernd Kramer and Heinz-Wilhelm Schmidt",
  title =        "Developing integrated environments with {ASDL}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "98--107",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Abstract Type and Scheme Definition Language; asdl;
                 Computer Programming; Computer Programming Languages;
                 Object Types; Programming Environments; Translation
                 Rules",
}

@Article{Cusumano:1989:SFH,
  author =       "Michael A. Cusumano",
  title =        "Software factory: a historical interpretation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10--73",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Automated Programming; Computer Software; Engineering
                 --- Project Management; Japanese Software Factories;
                 Software Engineering; Software Factory",
}

@Article{Akima:1989:ISD,
  author =       "Noboru Akima and Fusatake Ooi",
  title =        "Industrializing software development: a {Japanese}
                 approach",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--21",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Networks; Computer Programming --- Japan;
                 Computer Software; Database Systems; Sigma; Software
                 Development Environments; Software Engineering;
                 Software Industrialized Generator and Maintenance
                 Aids",
}

@Article{Aoyama:1989:DSJ,
  author =       "Mikio Aoyama and Kazuyasu Miyamoto and Noritoshi
                 Murakami and Hironobu Nagano and Yoshihiro Oki",
  title =        "Design specification in {Japan}: tree-structured
                 charts",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--37",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "case; Computer Aided Software Engineering; Computer
                 Programming --- Japan; Computer Programming Languages;
                 Computer Software; Design; Software Design Languages;
                 Software Specifications; Tree Structured Charts",
}

@Article{Wakahara:1989:EES,
  author =       "Yasushi Wakahara and Yoshiaki Kakuda and Eiji
                 Utsunomiya and Atsushi Ito",
  title =        "{Escort}: an environment for specifying communication
                 requirements",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--43",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "716; 718; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Design; Escort Specification
                 Support System; Software Specifications; Specification
                 Errors; Telecommunication --- Computer Applications;
                 Telecommunications Software",
}

@Article{Chang:1989:MRM,
  author =       "Carl K. Chang and Young-Fu Chang and Lin Yang and
                 Ching-Roung Chou and Jong-Jeng Chen",
  title =        "Modeling a real-time multitasking system in a timed
                 {PQ} net",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "46--51",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Simulation; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 Mathematical Models; Probability --- Queueing Theory;
                 Queueing Networks; Real Time Multitasking; Timed Petri
                 Nets; TPQL Textual Specification Language; TPQN
                 Graphical Modeling Tool",
}

@Article{Zhou:1989:SRD,
  author =       "Bosheng Zhou",
  title =        "Software research and development in {China}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--55",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming --- Peoples Republic of China;
                 Computer Software; Integrated Software Engineering
                 Environment Project; Peoples Republic of China;
                 Software Engineering Project; Software Research and
                 Development",
}

@Article{Wu:1989:STS,
  author =       "Chisu Wu and Youseek Chun",
  title =        "Software technology in {South Korea}: an emerging
                 industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "56--60",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artificial Intelligence --- South Korea; Computer
                 Programming --- South Korea; Computer Software;
                 Software Development Environments; Software Resarch and
                 Development; South Korea; Systems Software",
}

@Article{Chin:1989:STD,
  author =       "Tahn Joo Chin and Kai Yuen Wang",
  title =        "Software technology development in {Singapore}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "61--65",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:35:11 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artificial Intelligence --- Singapore; Computer Aided
                 Software Engineering; Computer Software; Multimedia
                 Systems; Singapore; Software Research and Development",
}

@Article{Ho:1989:STT,
  author =       "Irving T. Ho",
  title =        "Software technology in {Taiwan}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "68--73",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Computer Training Program;
                 Education --- Taiwan; Software Products; Software
                 Projects; Taiwan",
}

@Article{Ward:1989:HIO,
  author =       "Paul T. Ward",
  title =        "How to integrate object orientation with structured
                 analysis and design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "74--82",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software; Design;
                 Object Oriented Programming; Structured Analysis;
                 Structured Design",
}

@Article{Oman:1989:OLC,
  author =       "Paul Oman",
  title =        "Objective look at {C++} environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "100--103, 105",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "C-Plus-Plus; Computer Programming Languages; Computer
                 Software; Object Oriented Languages; Software
                 Development Environment",
}

@Article{Wallace:1989:SVV,
  author =       "Dolores R. Wallace and Roger U. Fujii",
  title =        "Software verification and validation: an overview",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--17",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Evaluation; Software Development
                 Life Cycle; Software Validation; Software
                 Verification",
}

@Article{Musa:1989:QSV,
  author =       "John D. Musa and A. Frank Ackerman",
  title =        "Quantifying software validation: when to stop
                 testing?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19--27",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 913; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Reliability --- Mathematical
                 Models; Resource Allocation; Software Reliability;
                 Software Validation; Testing",
}

@Article{Ackerman:1989:SIE,
  author =       "A. Frank Ackerman and Lynne S. Buchwald and Frank H.
                 Lewski",
  title =        "Software inspections: an effective verification
                 process",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--36",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Inspection; Reliability; Software
                 Metrics; Software Reliability; Software Verification",
}

@Article{Duke:1989:VFM,
  author =       "Eugene L. Duke",
  title =        "{V\&V} of flight and mission-critical software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39--45",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "652; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Aircraft --- Control; Computer Simulation; Computer
                 Software; Flight Software; Mission Critical Software;
                 Reliability; Software Safety; Software Validation;
                 Software Verification",
}

@Article{Dunham:1989:VND,
  author =       "Janet R. Dunham",
  title =        "{V\&V} in the next decade",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47--53",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 902; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Evaluation; Inspection; Software
                 Inspection; Software Specification; Software
                 Validation; Software Verification; Standards",
}

@Article{Beetem:1989:IGL,
  author =       "Anne F. Beetem and John F. Beetem",
  title =        "Introduction to the {Galaxy} language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--62",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages; Galaxy Language;
                 Semantics; Syntax",
}

@Article{Beck:1989:PPM,
  author =       "Bob Beck and David Olien",
  title =        "A Parallel-Programming Process Model",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "63--72",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Parallel/debug_3.1.bib;
                 Parallel/par.debug.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 Parallel Algorithms; Parallel Processing; Parallel
                 Programming; Shared Memory Multiprocessors",
}

@Article{Nielsen:1989:ELU,
  author =       "Jakob Nielsen and John T. Richards",
  title =        "Experience of learning and using {Smalltalk}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages; Smalltalk",
}

@Article{Browne:1989:CUA,
  author =       "J. C. Browne and Muhammad Azam and Stephen Sobek",
  title =        "{CODE}: a unified approach to parallel programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--18",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Texas, Comput Sci Dep, Austin, TX, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages; Computer Software ---
                 Software Engineering; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 Parallel Architecture; Parallel Processing; Parallel
                 Programming; Programming Language code;
                 Software-Development Environments",
}

@Article{Guarna:1989:FIE,
  author =       "Vincent A. {Guarna, Jr.} and Dennis Gannon and David
                 Jablonowski and Allen D. Malony and Yogesh Gaur",
  title =        "{Faust}: An Integrated Environment for Parallel
                 Programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20--27",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software --- Software Engineering; Computer
                 Systems, Digital; Multiprocessor Performance Analysis;
                 Parallel Processing; Parallel Programming;
                 Software-Development Environments",
}

@Article{Appelbe:1989:SPT,
  author =       "Bill Appelbe and Kevin Smith and Charlie McDowell",
  title =        "{Start\slash Pat}: a parallel-programming toolkit",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--38",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:35:21 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Georgia Inst of Technol, Inf \& Comput Sci Sch,
                 Atlanta, GA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming languages --- fortran; Computer
                 Software --- Software Engineering; Computer Systems,
                 Digital; Multiprocessing; Parallel Processing; Parallel
                 Programming; Parallelization of Sequential Programs;
                 Software-Development Environments",
}

@Article{Zorn:1989:MES,
  author =       "Benjamin Zorn and Kinson Ho and James Larus and Luigi
                 Semenzato and Paul Hilfinger",
  title =        "Multiprocessing Extensions in {Spur Lisp}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41--49",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/Functional.bib;
                 Parallel/Pfpbib.bib",
  abstract =     "Spur Lisp is a superset of Common Lisp that executes
                 on the Spur multiprocessor workstation developed at the
                 University of California at Berkeley. In this article,
                 we present Spur Lisp's multiprocessing extensions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of California, Comput Sci Div, Berkeley, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Common Lisp; Computer Programming languages --- lisp;
                 Computer Software; Computer Systems, Digital; Lisp,
                 Futures, common functional parallel; Multiprocessing;
                 Parallel Programming",
}

@Article{Goldman:1989:QPP,
  author =       "Ron Goldman and Richard P. Gabriel",
  title =        "{Qlisp}: Parallel Processing in {Lisp}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "51--59",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/Functional.bib;
                 Parallel/Pfpbib.bib",
  abstract =     "There is a serious need for a powerful understandable
                 multiprocessing language. Qlisp is an extension to
                 Common Lisp designed for parallel symbolic
                 computation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Lucid Inc, Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artificial Intelligence; Common Lisp; Computer
                 programming --- lisp; Computer Systems, Digital; Lisp,
                 Futures, Parallel Let, functional; Lucid Common Lisp;
                 Parallel Processing; Parallel Programming",
}

@Article{Baldwin:1989:CPC,
  author =       "Doug Baldwin",
  title =        "{Consul}: a parallel constraint language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--69",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dep, Univ of Rochester, Rochester, NY,
                 USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages --- Design; Computer
                 Systems, Digital; Constraint-Based Language; Parallel
                 Processing; Parallel Programming",
}

@Article{Tick:1989:CTP,
  author =       "Evan Tick",
  title =        "Comparing two parallel logic-programming
                 architectures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "71--80",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Tokyo, Research Cent for Adv Sci \& Technol,
                 Tokyo, Jpn",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Architecture; Computer Metatheory; Computer
                 Systems, Digital --- Parallel Processing;
                 Logic-Programming Architectures; Parallel Programming;
                 Programming Theory",
}

@Article{Raghavan:1989:DSM,
  author =       "Sridhar A. Raghavan and Donald R. Chand",
  title =        "Diffusing software-engineering methods",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "81--90",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Bentley Coll, CIS Dep, Waltham, MA, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software;
                 Software-Engineering Methods; Technology Transfer",
}

@Article{Myers:1989:APT,
  author =       "Ware Myers",
  title =        "Allow plenty of time for large-scale software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "92--99",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Engineering --- Project Management;
                 Large-Scale Software; Software Engineering; Systems
                 Science and Cybernetics --- Large Scale Systems",
}

@Article{Brettschneider:1989:YSR,
  author =       "Ralph Brettschneider",
  title =        "Is your software ready for release?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "100, 102, 108--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Motorola Inc, USA",
  classification = "723; 913; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Decision Theory and Analysis ---
                 Applications; Quality Assurance; Reliability;
                 Zero-Failure Method",
}

@Article{Zave:1989:CAM,
  author =       "Pamela Zave",
  title =        "Compositional approach to multiparadigm programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "15--25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "718; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software; Multiparadigm
                 Programming; Paradigm Composition; Single-Paradigm
                 Programs; Telephone --- Accounting Systems",
}

@Article{Scanlan:1989:SFO,
  author =       "David A. Scanlan",
  title =        "Structured flowcharts outperform pseudocode: An
                 experimental comparison",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "28--36",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "California State Univ, Sacramento, CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Algorithm Comprehension; Computer Programming; Data
                 Processing --- Education; Flowcharting; Pseudocode;
                 Structured Flowcharts",
}

@Article{Lieberherr:1989:AGS,
  author =       "Karl J. Lieberherr and Ian M. Holland",
  title =        "Assuring good style for object-oriented programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "38--48",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Northeastern Univ, Comput Sci Coll, Boston, MA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages; Computer Software;
                 Demeter System; Information Hiding; Information
                 Localization; Law of Demeter; Object-Oriented
                 Programming; Problem Orientation; Software Modularity",
}

@Article{Ramanathan:1989:GIT,
  author =       "Jay Ramanathan and Ronald L. Hartung",
  title =        "A Generic Iconic Tool for Viewing Databases",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "50--57",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Universal Energy Syst, Dublin, OH, USA",
  annote =       "(1) Adapts maps information from any database to an
                 augmented-graph abstraction, an internal representation
                 that can be manipulated with (2) augmented-graph
                 operations. The graph is mapped to (3) a view, a
                 physical representation of the graph on a display.",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Augmented Graphs; Computer Graphics; Computer
                 Peripheral Equipment --- Graphics; Computer Software;
                 Database Systems; Display Tool Adapt; Iconic Tool;
                 Triad Database",
}

@Article{Wolf:1989:PCT,
  author =       "Wayne Wolf",
  title =        "A Practical Comparison of Two Object-Oriented
                 Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "61--68",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Not all object-oriented languages are alike. Different
                 combinations of language features, particularly typing,
                 affect programming effort and the program structure.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Electr Eng Dep, Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages; Data Abstraction;
                 Garbage Collection; Object-Oriented Languages; Problem
                 Orientation; Programming Language C Plus Plus;
                 Programming Language Flavors; Syntax Aids",
}

@Article{Jalics:1989:RPP,
  author =       "Paul J. Jalics",
  title =        "Realizing the performance potential of {Cobol}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "70--79",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput \& Inf Sci Dep, Cleveland State Univ, OH, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "cobol; cobol Performance Potential; Computer Operating
                 Systems --- Program Compilers; Computer Programming
                 Languages; Computer Software; Computer Systems
                 Programming; Data Fields; Data Type Conversions; File
                 Blocking",
}

@Article{Thomas:1989:PIS,
  author =       "Ian Thomas",
  title =        "{PCTE} interfaces: Supporting tools in
                 software-engineering environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "15--23",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Software; Software
                 Development Environments; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Diaz:1989:SDO,
  author =       "Michel Diaz and Chris Vissers",
  title =        "{SEDOS}: Designing Open Distributed Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "24--33",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:35:37 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Distributed/CCR.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Delaware, Comput \& Inf Sci Dep, Newark, DE,
                 USA",
  classification = "722; 723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Algorithmic Languages;
                 Computer Programming Languages --- Standards; Computer
                 Software; Computer Systems, Digital --- Distributed;
                 Programming Language lotos; Protocol Specification;
                 Software Development Environments; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Mannucci:1989:GSD,
  author =       "Stefano Mannucci and Bruno Mojana and Maria Cristina
                 Navazio and Valerio Romano and Maria Carla Terzi and
                 Piero Torrigiani",
  title =        "{Graspin}: a structured development environment for
                 analysis and design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "35--43",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tecsiel, Pisa, Italy",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "case; Computer Programming Languages --- Design;
                 Computer Software; Software Development Environments;
                 Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Cherubini:1989:IEB,
  author =       "M. Alessandra Cherubini and Laura Fanti and Piero
                 Torrigiani and Massimo Zallocco",
  title =        "Integrated expert-system builder",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "44--52",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tecsiel, Pisa, Italy",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Programming
                 languages --- lisp; Computer Software --- Software
                 Engineering; Expert Systems; Software Development
                 Environments",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1989:SRE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Software research in {ESPRIT}'s second phase",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "54--57",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Computer Systems, Digital ---
                 Design; Engineering Research; esprit; Software
                 Development; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Squillante:1989:IHL,
  author =       "Mark S. Squillante and David Notkin",
  title =        "Integrating Heterogeneous Local Mail Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "59--67",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 Distributed/CCR.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Washington, Comput Sci Dep, Seattle, WA, USA",
  annote =       "Mediators for mail, I3",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computers, Digital --- Data Communication Systems;
                 Electronic Mail; Interconnected Systems; Mail Systems",
}

@Article{Harrington:1989:ACQ,
  author =       "Paul Harrington",
  title =        "Applying customer-oriented quality metrics",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "71, 74--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "718; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Reliability; Software Quality
                 Metrics; Telecommunication Systems --- Quality
                 Control",
}

@Article{Malony:1990:PAV,
  author =       "Allen Malony and Daniel Reed",
  title =        "Performance Analysis, Visualization with Hyperview",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibsource =    "Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  note =         "[Abstract]",
}

@Article{Krumme:1990:TPM,
  author =       "David Krumme and Alva Couch",
  title =        "Triplex Parallel-Execution Monitor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "28",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibsource =    "Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  note =         "[Abstract]",
}

@Article{Osborne:1990:FPM,
  author =       "Wilma M. Osborne and Elliot J. Chikofsky",
  title =        "Fitting Pieces to the Maintenance Puzzle",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "There has never been greater urgency to solve the
                 problems of software maintenance. Fortunately, there is
                 now the promise of reverse engineering and design
                 recovery to aid maintenance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chikofsky:1990:RED,
  author =       "Elliot J. Chikofsky and James H. Cross",
  title =        "Reverse Engineering and Design Recovery: a Taxonomy",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--17",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Reverse engineering is evolving as a major link in the
                 software life cycle, but its growth is hampered by
                 confusion over terminology. This article defines key
                 terms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Index Technol Corp, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "case; Computer Aided Software Engineering; Computer
                 Software; Design Recovery; Forward Engineering;
                 Reengineering; Reverse Engineering; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Basili:1990:VMR,
  author =       "Victor R. Basili",
  title =        "Viewing Maintenance as Reuse-Oriented Software
                 Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Treating maintenance as a reuse-oriented development
                 process provides a choice of maintenance approaches and
                 improves the overall evolution process.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Maryland, Comput Sci Dep, College Park, MD,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Full Reuse Model; Iterative
                 Enhancement Model; Maintenance; Quick Fix Model;
                 Software Development; Software Reuse",
}

@Article{Withrow:1990:EDS,
  author =       "Carol Withrow",
  title =        "Error Density and Size in {Ada} Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--30",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The error density in program modules appears to be
                 lowest at an optimum intermediate size, as this
                 empirical study shows. For Ada, that size is about 225
                 lines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Unisys Commun, Salt Lake City, UT, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Programming Languages
                 --- Ada; Computer Software --- Measurements; Program
                 Size; Software Error Density; Software Metrics",
}

@Article{Hartmann:1990:TSR,
  author =       "Jean Hartmann and David J. Robson",
  title =        "Techniques for Selective Revalidation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--36",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "To effectively revalidate modified software while
                 minimizing the time and cost involved in maintenance
                 testing, you must adopt a systematic, automated
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Cent for Software Maintenance, Univ of Durham, Durham,
                 Engl",
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Mathematical Programming; Selective
                 Revalidation; Software Revalidation; Testing; Zero-One
                 Integer Programming Model",
}

@Article{Oman:1990:BPI,
  author =       "Paul W. Oman and Curtis R. Cook",
  title =        "The Book Paradigm for Improved Maintenance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--45",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/litprog.bib",
  abstract =     "In their search for a better source-code presentation
                 paradigm, the authors found that traditional book
                 typographic formats work very well to aid program
                 understanding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Idaho, Comput Sci Dep, Moscow, ID, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Book Paradigm; Computer Programming; Computer
                 Software; Maintenance; Program Formatting; Software
                 Documentation",
}

@Article{Rugaber:1990:RDD,
  author =       "Spencer Rugaber and Stephen B. Ornburn and Richard J.
                 {LeBlanc, Jr.}",
  title =        "Recognizing Design Decisions in Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--54",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Recognizing design decisions is essential to
                 maintaining and reverse-engineering code. But you first
                 need a way to characterize these decisions and their
                 underlying rationales.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Georgia Inst of Technol, Atlanta, GA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software; Design;
                 Reverse Engineering; Software Maintenance; Software
                 Reuse",
}

@Article{Hausler:1990:UFA,
  author =       "Philip A. Hausler and Mark G. Pleszkoch and Richard C.
                 Linger and Alan R. Hevner",
  title =        "Using Function Abstraction to Understand Program
                 Behavior",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--63",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "You can understand programs by abstracting their
                 functions. The potential exists for an automatic tool
                 to take unstructured code and derive its function.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Syst Integration Div, Gaithersburg, MD, USA",
  classification = "723; 911; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Abstraction Algorithm; Computer Programming; Computer
                 Programming languages --- cobol; Data Processing ---
                 Financial Applications; Financial Software; Function
                 Abstraction; Mathematical Techniques --- Algebra;
                 Program Function; Structured Programming",
}

@Article{Choi:1990:ERD,
  author =       "Song C. Choi and Walt Scacchi",
  title =        "Extracting and Restructuring the Design of Large
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--71",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This approach to reverse engineering first maps the
                 resource exchange among modules, then derives a
                 hierarchical design description using a
                 system-restructuring algorithm.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Southern California, Comput Sci Dep, Los
                 Angeles, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming --- Algorithms; Computer
                 Software; Design; Module Interconnection Language;
                 NUMIL; Restructuring Algorithm; Reverse Engineering",
}

@Article{Harandi:1990:KPA,
  author =       "Mehdi T. Harandi and Jim Q. Ning",
  title =        "Knowledge-based Program Analysis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--81",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "PAT provides high-level support for program
                 maintenance. It uses an object-oriented framework of
                 programming concepts and a heuristics-based
                 concept-recognition mechanism to understand programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Illinois, Comput Sci Dep, Urbana, IL, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Analysis; Artificial Intelligence --- Expert Systems;
                 Automatic Program Analysis; Computer Programming;
                 Computer Software; Knowledge Based Systems; pat;
                 Program Analysis Tool; Software Maintenance",
}

@Article{Rich:1990:RPD,
  author =       "Charles Rich and Linda M. Wills",
  title =        "Recognizing a Program's Design: a Graph-Parsing
                 Approach",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--89",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Programmers tend to use the same structures over and
                 over. By recognizing these cliches, this prototype can
                 reconstruct a program's design and documentation
                 automatically.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "MIT, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software; Design; Graph
                 Parsing; Intelligent Programming System; Mathematical
                 Techniques --- Graph Theory; Plan Calculus;
                 Programmer's Apprentice",
}

@Article{Samuelson:1990:RSE,
  author =       "Pamela Samuelson",
  title =        "Reverse-engineering Someone Else's Software: Is It
                 Legal?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "90--96",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Does reverse-engineering software infringe
                 intellectual-property law? While opinion is divided,
                 courts seem to be saying it's legal if you take no
                 actual, protected expression.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Copyrighted Software; Intellectual
                 Property; Legal Factors; Reverse Engineering",
}

@Article{Abdel-Hamid:1990:ICS,
  author =       "Tarek K. Abdel-Hamid",
  title =        "Investigating the Cost\slash Schedule Trade-Off in
                 Software Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--105",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Previous studies have treated schedule compression as
                 a static decision that can be unambiguously measured.
                 This study indicates that it is neither.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "US Naval Postgraduate School, Adm Svce Dep, Monterey,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 912; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Simulation; Computer Software; Management;
                 Scheduling; Software Development; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Cheung:1990:FDD,
  author =       "Wing Hong Cheung and James P. Black and Eric Manning",
  title =        "A Framework for Distributed Debugging",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--115",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/monitor.bib;
                 Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  abstract =     "Distributed systems complicate the already difficult
                 task of debugging. However, systematically building on
                 known techniques can set the stage for easier
                 distributed debugging.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dep, Univ of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Systems, Digital ---
                 Distributed; Distributed Debugging; Program Debugging;
                 Runtime Debugging; Static Debugging",
}

@Article{Mills:1990:UMQ,
  author =       "Harlan D. Mills and Peter B. Dyson",
  title =        "Using Metrics to Quantify Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--16",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "The concept of using metrics to control and improve
                 software development and products is simple and
                 intuitively appealing. While many practical problems
                 remain, metrics are beginning to show their
                 usefulness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rombach:1990:DMS,
  author =       "H. Dieter Rombach",
  title =        "Design Measurement: Some Lessons Learned",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17--25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Most software measurements are derived from source
                 code. A promising addition to the field is design
                 measurement, which applies measurement principles to
                 front-end products and processes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Maryland, Comput Sci Dep, College Park, MD,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Measurements --- Applications;
                 Software Engineering; Software Measurements",
}

@Article{Grady:1990:WAP,
  author =       "Robert B. Grady",
  title =        "Work-product Analysis: The Philosopher's Stone of
                 Software?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--34",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "There is no magical way to transform typical
                 development efforts into high-quality ones. But
                 applying metrics to work-product analysis can greatly
                 improve your products' quality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hewlett-Packard, Cupertino, CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Software Development; Software
                 Engineering; Software Metrics; Systems Analysis;
                 Work-Product Analysis",
}

@Article{Henry:1990:PSC,
  author =       "Sallie Henry and Calvin Selig",
  title =        "Predicting Source-Code Complexity at the Design
                 Stage",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36--44",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:36:23 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Metrics let you gauge the quality of your source code
                 by evaluating its design specification before coding,
                 letting you shorten the development life cycle.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Virginia Polytech Inst, Comput Sci Dep, Blacksburg,
                 VA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer
                 Software; Software Development; Software Engineering;
                 Software Metrics; Source-Code Complexity",
}

@Article{Porter:1990:EGS,
  author =       "Adam A. Porter and Richard W. Selby",
  title =        "Empirically Guided Software Development Using
                 Metric-Based Classification Trees",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "46--54",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:36:40 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Identifying high-risk components early in the life
                 cycle is an efficient way to improve quality. This
                 method automatically generates a measurement-based map
                 to those components.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of California, Inf Comput Sci Dep, Irvine, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Classification Techniques; Computer Metatheory ---
                 Programming Theory; Computer Software; Risk Studies;
                 Software Development; Software Engineering; Software
                 Metrics",
}

@Article{Ehrlich:1990:ARM,
  author =       "Willa K. Ehrlich and S. Keith Lee and Rex H.
                 Molisani",
  title =        "Applying Reliability Measurement: a Case Study",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "56--64",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "An appropriately based reliability model can both save
                 testing time and let you target the degree of
                 reliability your final product will have.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Holmdel, NJ, USA",
  classification = "718; 723; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Reliability --- Measurements;
                 Software Engineering; Software Testing;
                 Telecommunication Systems --- Testing",
}

@Article{Fenick:1990:IMM,
  author =       "Stewart Fenick",
  title =        "Implementing management metrics: An {Army} program",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "65--72",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The US Army Communications-Electronics Command's
                 management metrics program is a common-sense approach
                 for addressing the life-cycle problems facing program
                 managers of mission-critical systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "US Army Communications-Electronics Command, Fort
                 Monmouth, NJ, USA",
  classification = "404; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Computer Systems, Digital ---
                 Military Applications; Mission-Critical Systems;
                 Software Engineering; Software Metrics",
}

@Article{Berzins:1990:ISL,
  author =       "Valdis Berzins and Luqi",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Specification Language {Spec}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "74--84",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Spec expresses black-box interface specifications for
                 large, distributed systems with real-time constraints.
                 It incorporates conceptual models, inheritance, and the
                 event model.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "US Naval Postgraduate Sch, Comput Sci Dep, Monterey,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces --- Design; Computer Metatheory
                 --- Algorithmic Languages; Computer Software; Computer
                 Systems, Digital --- Distributed; Software Engineering;
                 Software Specification; Specification Language Spec",
}

@Article{Geetha:1990:RNL,
  author =       "T. V. Geetha and R. K. Subramanian",
  title =        "Representing Natural Language with {Prolog}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "85--92",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:36:47 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Prolog is a natural choice to program a
                 natural-language-understanding system. But first, you
                 must define the appropriate parsing structure for
                 syntax and semantics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Anna Univ, Comput Sci \& Eng Sch, Madras, India",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Automata Theory --- Formal Languages; Computer
                 Programming Languages --- Design; Computer Software;
                 Knowledge Representation;
                 Natural-Language-Understanding Systems; Programming
                 Language Prolog; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Smith:1990:STC,
  author =       "Dennis B. Smith and Paul W. Oman",
  title =        "Software Tools in Context",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14--17, 19",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Extensive development in the last decade has brought
                 us a rich variety of development tools. This
                 introduction provides a context for understanding where
                 these tools fit in the life cycle.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Eng Inst, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Horizontal Software Tools; Software
                 Engineering; Software Life Cycle; Software Tool
                 Integration; Software Tools; Vertical Software Tools",
}

@Article{Nichols:1990:PT,
  author =       "Kathleen M. Nichols and Donald Dubois and Carol
                 Janczewski and Jon Flower and David Flanagan and Jerry
                 Yan and Allen Malony and Daniel Reed and Nakul Saraiya
                 and Larry Snyder and David Krumme and Alva Couch and
                 Tokuda Hideyuki",
  title =        "Performance Tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21--30",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Performance tools make systematic the work needed to
                 carry out performance studies so you can perform
                 several studies and compare them in a consistent way.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Apple Computer, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Ada Program Tuning; Computer Aided Analysis; Computer
                 Graphics --- Animation; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 Concurrent Systems Performance Analysis; N-Cube
                 Programs; Network Architecture Simulation System;
                 Performance; Performance Tools; Postmortem Event-Trace
                 Display; Probability --- Queueing Theory",
}

@Article{Lee:1990:UDT,
  author =       "Ed Lee and Frank Hall and Andrea Bowers and Sherry
                 Yang and Len Bass and Andreas Lemke and Yen-Ping Shan",
  title =        "User-interface Development Tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--36",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The demand for qualified user-interface programmers
                 far outstrips the supply. This situation has created an
                 obvious need for better user-interface software
                 architectures and productivity tools.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hewlett-Packard Interface Technol Oper",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Design; Computer Interfaces; Computer
                 Software; Expert Systems --- Knowledge Bases;
                 Interactive Design Tools; Software Package Framer;
                 Software Package Serpent; Software Package Speedcode
                 Universe; Systems Science and Cybernetics --- Man
                 Machine Systems; User-Interface Development Tools;
                 User-Interface Management Systems",
}

@Article{Oman:1990:CAD,
  author =       "Paul W. Oman and Adrian J. Bowles and Ron Mount and
                 Gerald Karam and David Kalinsky and Mikko Tervonen and
                 Victoria Bundonis and Herm Fischer and Michael Fish and
                 Debbie Longshore and Nobby Akiha",
  title =        "{CASE}: Analysis and design tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "37--43",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:36:55 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "A true CASE tool must, by definition, be a tool that
                 supports a well-defined and (usually) well-recognized
                 process. This section focuses on tools for structured
                 analysis, design, and programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Idaho, Idaho, ID, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "case Tools; Computer Aided Design; Computer Graphics;
                 Computer Programming --- Structured Programming;
                 Computer Software; Computer Systems, Digital --- Real
                 Time Operation; Computer-Aided Software Engineering
                 (case); Concurrent Systems Design; Cradle Tool; Jackson
                 Tools; Software Engineering; Time Bench Tool",
}

@Article{Harrison:1990:TME,
  author =       "Warren Harrison and Bernd Kramer and Walter Rudd and
                 Sol Shatz and Carl Chang and Zary Segall and David
                 Clemmer and Joel Williamson and Ben Peek and Bill
                 Appelbe and Kevin Smith and Adam Kolawa",
  title =        "Tools for Multiple-{CPU} Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--51",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The most cost-effective way to gain computing power
                 over the next decade is to exploit concurrent processes
                 running in a multiple-CPU environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Portland State Univ, OR, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 Concurrent Systems; Distributed; multiple-cpu
                 Environment; Serial-to-Parallel Conversions;
                 Source-to-Source Transformations",
}

@Article{Lutz:1990:TT,
  author =       "Mike Lutz and Douglas G. Wildes and Edward J. Nieters
                 and Rob Chang and K. C. Tai and Robert Poston and
                 Rhonda Martin and Randall Neff and Mary Jean Harrold
                 and Mary Lou Soffa",
  title =        "Testing Tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "53--57",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Testing tools complement formal methods to explore
                 systems' operational behavior. These tools address
                 three aspects of the testing process: environments,
                 data control, and test execution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Rochester Inst of Technol, Rochester, NY, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages --- Ada; Computer
                 Software; Computer Systems, Digital; Concurrent Ada;
                 Software Package RUTE; Software Package TDC; Software
                 Package XRAY/DX; Testing; Testing Tools",
}

@Article{Oman:1990:MT,
  author =       "Paul Oman and Andrew Novobilski and Vaclav Rajlich and
                 Joel Harband and Thomas {McCabe, Jr.} and James Cross
                 and Leonard Vanek and Linda Davis and Keith Gallagher
                 and Norman Wilde",
  title =        "Maintenance Tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "59--65",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Whether it's perfective, adaptive, or corrective, the
                 key to maintenance is program comprehension. This
                 section concentrates on tools to analyze and understand
                 code.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Idaho, Idaho, ID, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Code-Visualization Tools; Computer Programming;
                 Computer Software; Expert Dataflow and Static Analysis;
                 Grasp/Ada Tool; Maintenance Tools; Objective-C Browser
                 Tool; Program Debugging; Vifor Tool",
}

@Article{Lewis:1990:CG,
  author =       "Ted Lewis and Glenn Funkhouser and Kit Hung Lou and
                 Atsushi Ito and Rolf Bahlke",
  title =        "Code Generators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "67--70",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A code generator takes a user's inputs and writes a
                 source program that implements an application's
                 details, hiding the details of the language from the
                 user.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Oregon State Univ, Oregon, OR, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Automation; Code Generators; Computer Graphics;
                 Computer Programming; Computer Software; Computer
                 Workstations; Graphical Workstations; Programming
                 System Generator; Telecommunications Software",
}

@Article{Reisman:1990:MIT,
  author =       "Sorel Reisman and Ian Sommerville and Susan Englert
                 and Jennifer Arme and Guy Latge and Peter Voletsky and
                 Edward Miller and Thomas Radi and Ellis Horowitz",
  title =        "Management and integrated tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "71--77",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:37:01 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "These products represent a broad spectrum of
                 management features, each reflecting emerging features
                 that are being developed to improve software
                 engineering.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "California State Univ, Fullerton, CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "CASE-PM Learning Tool; Computer Programming Languages
                 --- Ada; Computer Software; Configuration Management
                 Assistant; Engineering --- Project Management;
                 Integrated Test Tool System; Project Management Tools;
                 Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Du:1990:SBI,
  author =       "Weichang Du and William W. Wadge",
  title =        "A {3D} Spreadsheet Based on Intensional Logic",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "78--89",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Basing spreadsheets on implicit relations among cells
                 and adding a temporal dimension leads to a powerful
                 problem-solving tool.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Can",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "3D Spreadsheet; Computer Programming; Implicit
                 Context; Intensional Logic; Intensional Semantics;
                 Natural Language Processing Systems; Spatial
                 Programming; Spreadsheet; Systolic Algorithm",
}

@Article{Garg:1990:HSM,
  author =       "Pankaj K. Garg and Walt Scacchi",
  title =        "A Hypertext System to Manage Software Life-Cycle
                 Documents",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "90--98",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:37:15 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib; Misc/is.bib",
  abstract =     "Traditional systems don't handle the documentation
                 requirements of large-scale, multiproject software
                 development. But this hypertext-based system does.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Southern California, California, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Documents Integration Facility;
                 Hypertext Editing; Hypertext System; Multiproject
                 Software Development; Natural Language Processing
                 Systems; Software Engineering; Software Life-Cycle
                 Documents; Systems Science and Cybernetics --- Large
                 Scale Systems",
}

@Article{Dongarra:1990:SRG,
  author =       "Jack Dongarra and Alan H. Karp and Ken Kennedy and
                 David Kuck",
  title =        "Special Report: 1989 {Gordon Bell Prize}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "100--104",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "This year's winning entries both used the Connection
                 Machine to solve oil-industry problems. The winning
                 performance entry ran six times faster than last year's
                 winner.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Harbert:1990:GSS,
  author =       "Andrew Harbert and William Lively and Sallie
                 Sheppard",
  title =        "A Graphical Specification System for User-Interface
                 Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12--20",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "GSS combines graphical and minimal low-level textual
                 specification with a prototyping capability for rapid
                 user-interface design and evaluation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Texas A\&M Univ, College Station, TX, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Software; Software
                 Development; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Moen:1990:DDT,
  author =       "Sven Moen",
  title =        "Drawing Dynamic Trees",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--28",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This simple yet flexible algorithm lets you draw
                 compact trees for user-interface code and update them
                 efficiently.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Brown Univ, Providence, RI, USA",
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Programming ---
                 Algorithms; Data Processing --- Data Structures;
                 Mathematical Techniques --- Trees; Tree-Drawing
                 Algorithms",
}

@Article{Vo:1990:ITB,
  author =       "Kiem-Phong Vo",
  title =        "{Ifs}: a Tool to Build Application Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--36",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The Interpretive Frame System separates high-level
                 design and user-interface programming from
                 domain-specific programming, making tool reuse easy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Metatheory ---
                 Algorithmic Languages; Computer Software; Software
                 Development Environment; Software Engineering; Software
                 Reusability",
}

@Article{Beck:1990:SPP,
  author =       "Bob Beck",
  title =        "Shared-memory Parallel Programming in {C++}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--48",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Can C++'s data abstraction and extensibility features
                 be harnessed to create parallel-programming constructs,
                 without modifying the language? The answer appears to
                 be yes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sequent Computer Systems, Beaverton, OR, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Architecture; Computer Programming; Computer
                 Programming Languages --- C; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 Parallel Processing; Shared-Memory Parallel
                 Processing",
}

@Article{Maurer:1990:GTD,
  author =       "Peter M. Maurer",
  title =        "Generating Test Data with Enhanced Context-Free
                 Grammars",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "50--55",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Enhanced context-free grammars are effective tools for
                 generating test data. Test grammars are a way to
                 improve software quality and a field for further
                 research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA",
  classification = "713; 714; 721; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Automata Theory --- Context Free Grammars; Computer
                 Software --- Software Engineering; Integrated Circuits,
                 Digital; Test Data Generation; Testing",
}

@Article{Reiss:1990:CTU,
  author =       "Steven P. Reiss",
  title =        "Connecting tools using message passing in the {Field}
                 environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "57--66",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Field connects tools with selective broadcasting,
                 which follows the Unix philosophy of letting
                 independent tools cooperate through simple conventions.
                 Field demonstrates that this simple approach is
                 feasible and desirable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Brown Univ, Providence, RI, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Brown Workstation Environment; Computer Operating
                 Systems; Computer Software --- Software Engineering;
                 Design; Message Passing; Software Development
                 Environments",
}

@Article{Ceri:1990:AAD,
  author =       "Stefano Ceri and Stefano Crespi-Reghizzi and Roberto
                 Zicari and Gianfranco Lamperti and Luigi A. Lavazza",
  title =        "{Algres}: An Advanced Database System for Complex
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "68--78",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:37:43 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "This relational programming environment extends the
                 relational model to handle complex objects and
                 operations and integrates the logic programming
                 paradigm.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ di Modena, Italy",
  annote =       "Algres is an extension of the relational model to
                 manage complex objects (similar to nested relations)
                 and express recursive algebraic expressions; Algres
                 programs operate on main-memory data structures, which
                 are loaded from mass-memory storage in an external
                 database using explicit statements; design is based on
                 the assumption that a typical Algres user will require
                 only a fraction of the mass memory database; an
                 object's schema includes records, sets, multisets, and
                 sequences; Algres extends SQL to express explicitly the
                 Closure Nest, and Unnest operators and deal with
                 multisets and sequences.",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming --- Logic Programming; Computer
                 Software --- Software Engineering; Database Systems;
                 Relational; Software Development Environments",
}

@Article{Ross:1990:UMQ,
  author =       "Niall Ross",
  title =        "Using metrics in quality management",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "80--81, 85",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "STC Technology, USA",
  classification = "723; 912; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Engineering --- Project Management;
                 Quality Assurance; Quality Assurance --- Applications;
                 Quality Management",
}

@Article{Winder:1990:MDT,
  author =       "Ann Winder",
  title =        "Managing data through naming standards",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "84--85",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "EDS Corp",
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Data
                 Management; Data Processing --- File Organization;
                 Engineering; File Systems; Project Management",
}

@Article{Gerhart:1990:AFM,
  author =       "Susan L. Gerhart",
  title =        "Applications of Formal Methods: Developing Virtuoso
                 Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "6--10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 11 07:00:48 1996",
  bibsource =    "Misc/Z.bib",
  abstract =     "Formal methods are a fundamental component to putting
                 the engineering in software engineering.' They are ripe
                 for exploitation by practitioners on a range of
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "This is an introduction to a special issue on Formal
                 Methods with an emphasis on Z in particular. It was
                 published in conjunction with special Formal Methods
                 issues of {\em IEEE Transactions on Software
                 Engineering} and {\em IEEE Computer}. See also
                 \cite{Delisle:1990:FSO,Hall:1990:SMF,Narayana:1990:FSL,Spivey:1990:SRK,Wing:1990:SIF}.",
}

@Article{Hall:1990:SMF,
  author =       "J. Anthony Hall",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "Seven Myths of Formal Methods",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "11--19",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/Z.bib; Theory/procos-wg.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Praxis Systems, Bath, UK",
  annote =       "Formal methods are difficult, expensive, and not
                 widely useful, detractors say. Using a case study and
                 other real-world examples, this article challenges such
                 common myths.",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Software Engineering (case); Computer
                 Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer Software;
                 Formal Specification Methods; Software Development;
                 Software Engineering; Systems Analysis",
}

@Article{Spivey:1990:SRK,
  author =       "J. Michael Spivey",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "Specifying a Real-Time Kernel",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "21--28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/Z.bib",
  abstract =     "This case study of an embedded real-time kernel shows
                 that mathematical techniques have an important role to
                 play in documenting systems and avoiding design
                 flaws.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tektronix, Portland, OR, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer
                 Operating Systems --- Design; Computer Software;
                 Computer Systems, Digital --- Real Time Operation;
                 Formal Specification Methods; Real Time Operating
                 Systems; Software Development; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Delisle:1990:FSO,
  author =       "Norman Delisle and David Garlan",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "A Formal Specification of an Oscilloscope",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "29--36",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib; Misc/Z.bib",
  abstract =     "Unlike most work on the application of formal methods,
                 this research uses formal methods to gain insight into
                 system architecture. The context for this case study is
                 electronic instrument design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tektronix, Beaverton, OR, USA",
  classification = "715; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer
                 Software; Formal Specification Methods; Oscilloscopes,
                 Cathode Ray --- Design; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Kemmerer:1990:IFM,
  author =       "Richard A. Kemmerer",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "Integrating Formal Methods into the Development
                 Process",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "37--50",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Integrating formal specification and verification with
                 development is faster and more cost-effective than
                 doing the steps separately or in parallel, as this
                 effort showed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, Univ of California, Santa Barbara,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer
                 Software; Formal Specification Methods; Software
                 Development; Software Engineering; Systems Analysis",
}

@Article{Srivas:1990:FVP,
  author =       "Mandayam Srivas and Mark Bickford",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "Formal Verification of a Pipelined Microprocessor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "52--64",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "This case study shows the usefulness of functional
                 languages to model program-interpreting machines like
                 microprocessors and to verify their behavior.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Odyssey Res Associates, Ithaca, NY, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Architecture; Computer Software; Computers,
                 Microcomputer --- Design; Formal Verification Methods;
                 Functional Languages; Pipelined Architecture; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Blyth:1990:CFM,
  author =       "David Blyth and Cornelia Boldyreff and Clive Ruggles
                 and Nik Tetteh-Lartey",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "The Case for Formal Methods in Standards",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "65--67",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:37:51 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib;
                 Misc/safety.bib",
  abstract =     "Applying formal methods to standards making would
                 result in more accurate, more understandable, and more
                 useful standards.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "British Computer Society",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Formal Specification Methods;
                 Software Engineering; Standards",
}

@Article{Quinn:1990:DPM,
  author =       "Michael J. Quinn and Philip J. Hatcher",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "Data-Parallel Programming on Multicomputers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "69--76",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib;
                 Parallel/Par.Arch.Indep.bib",
  abstract =     "Multicomputers are too hard to program with
                 conventional parallel languages. The data-parallel
                 approach offers both programmability and portability
                 without sacrificing performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software ---
                 Portability; Computer Systems, Digital; Data-Parallel
                 Programming; Multiprogramming",
}

@Article{Hix:1990:GUM,
  author =       "Deborah Hix",
  booktitle =    "Special issue on formal methods",
  title =        "Generations of User-Interface Management Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "77--87",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "UIMSs have evolved from programming-intensive systems
                 limited to part of the life cycle to interactive tools
                 that interface specialists can use throughout the
                 development effort.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Virginia Polytech Inst \& State Univ, Blacksburg, VA,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces --- Human Factors; Computer
                 Software; Software Engineering; Software Life-Cycle;
                 User-Interface Management Systems (UIMS)",
}

@Article{Lewis:1990:CSD,
  author =       "Ted G. Lewis and Paul Oman",
  title =        "The Challenge of Software Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "9--14",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Can anything be done to accelerate the advancement of
                 software-development technology in the 1990s? This
                 issue includes reports from 12 software experts on key
                 challenges facing the industry.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shaw:1990:PED,
  author =       "Mary Shaw",
  title =        "Prospects for an Engineering Discipline of Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "15--24",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Software engineering is not yet a true engineering
                 discipline, but it has the potential to become one.
                 Older engineering fields suggest the character software
                 engineering might have.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA,
                 USA",
  classification = "409; 723; 805",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Chemical Engineering; Civil Engineering; Computer
                 Software; Science/Engineering Interaction; Software
                 Engineering; Software Engineering Evolution; Software
                 Engineering Practice",
}

@Article{Cox:1990:PSI,
  author =       "Brad J. Cox",
  title =        "Planning the Software Industrial Revolution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "25--33",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Software must stop being a process-centered cottage
                 industry. A product-centered approach that gives equal
                 weight to specification can move software engineering
                 into its industrial revolution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Stepstone Corp, Sandy Hook, CT, USA",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming --- Object Oriented Programming;
                 Computer Software; Patents and Inventions; Software
                 Architecture; Software Engineering; Software Industrial
                 Revolution",
}

@Article{Musa:1990:SET,
  author =       "John D. Musa and William W. Everett",
  title =        "Software-Reliability Engineering: Technology for the
                 1990s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "36--43",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Software engineering is about to enter a new stage ---
                 the reliability stage --- that stresses customers'
                 operational needs. Software-reliability engineering
                 will make this stage possible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Whippany, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Reliability; Software Engineering;
                 Software Life Cycle; Software Maintenance;
                 Software-Reliability Engineering",
}

@Article{Cobb:1990:ESU,
  author =       "Richard H. Cobb and Harlan D. Mills",
  title =        "Engineering Software under Statistical Quality
                 Control",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "44--54",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:38:06 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "The costs of continuing to develop failure-laden
                 software with its associated low productivity are
                 unacceptable. Cleanroom engineering promises lower
                 costs and improved quality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "SET, Annapolis, MD, USA",
  classification = "723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Cleanroom Engineering; Computer Software; Mathematical
                 Statistics; Quality Control; Software Engineering;
                 Software Statistical Quality Control",
}

@Article{Leveson:1990:CBP,
  author =       "Nancy G. Leveson",
  title =        "The Challenge of Building Process-Control Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "55--62",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Process-control software has unique and unsolved
                 challenges for the software engineer. Serious losses
                 could result from our failure to meet these
                 challenges.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inf \& Comput Sci Dept, Univ of California, Irvine,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 731; 912; 914; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Applications; Computer Software;
                 Human/Computer Interaction; Process Control;
                 Process-Control Software; Risk Studies; Systems
                 Engineering; Systems Science and Cybernetics --- Man
                 Machine Systems",
}

@Article{Ichikawa:1990:IPW,
  author =       "Tadao Ichikawa and Masahito Hirakawa",
  title =        "Iconic Programming: Where to Go?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "63--68",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:38:15 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "Iconic languages can offer much to developers if used
                 with, not as a replacement for, traditional textual
                 languages. Past research points to how this may
                 happen.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Eng Fac, Hiroshima Univ, Higashi, Hiroshima, Japan",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Programming Languages;
                 Iconic Interfaces; Iconic Programming; Visual
                 Programming",
}

@Article{Chang:1990:JSR,
  author =       "Carl K. Chang and George B. Trubow",
  title =        "Joint Software Research between Industry and
                 Academia",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "71--77",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  abstract =     "This model for industry-sponsored academic research
                 helps the sponsor gain tangible results quickly but
                 respects the university's research mission.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Electr Eng \& Comput Sci Dept, Univ of Illinois,
                 Chicago, IL, USA",
  classification = "723; 901; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Engineering --- Project Management;
                 Industry-Sponsored Academic Software Research; Joint
                 Software Research; Patents and Inventions; Research",
}

@Article{DeMarco:1990:MDS,
  author =       "Tom DeMarco",
  title =        "Making a Difference in the Schools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "78--82",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Diverting corporate resources to the schools may look
                 like folly in the short run. But in the long run, it
                 looks like a strategy for survival.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Atlantic Syst Guild, New York, NY, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Instruction; Computer Software;
                 Education; Educational Crisis; School Computerization",
}

@Article{Selby:1990:EIF,
  author =       "Richard W. Selby",
  title =        "Extensible integration frameworks for measurement",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "83--84, 112",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of California, Irvine, CA, USA",
  classification = "723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Factor-Criteria-Metric Paradigm;
                 Goal-Question-Metric Paradigm; Metric Integration
                 Frameworks; Multiple-Regression Models; Software
                 Engineering; Software Metrics; Statistical Methods ---
                 Regression Analysis",
}

@Article{Perlman:1990:TUD,
  author =       "Gary Perlman",
  title =        "Teaching user-interface development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "85--86",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Software --- Software
                 Engineering; Design; Software-Engineering Students;
                 Systems Engineering --- Education; User Interface
                 Design",
}

@Article{Malony:1991:TAT,
  author =       "Allen D. Malony and David H. Hammerslag and David J.
                 Jablonowski",
  title =        "{Traceview}: a Trace Visualization Tool",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "19--28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibsource =    "Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
}

@Article{Barnes:1991:MRC,
  author =       "Bruce H. Barnes and Terry B. Bollinger",
  title =        "Making Reuse Cost-Effective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--24",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Nat Sci Found, Washington, DC, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages; Computer Software;
                 Software Engineering; Software Parameterization;
                 Software Reuse Strategies; Turing Limit",
}

@Article{Russell:1991:EIU,
  author =       "Glen W. Russell",
  title =        "Experience with inspection in ultralarge-scale
                 developments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--31",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:38:44 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Bell-Northern Res, Ltd, Ottawa, Ont, Canada",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Code Inspection; Computer Software; Inspection;
                 Inspection --- Costs; Software Defects Removal",
}

@Article{Boehm:1991:SRM,
  author =       "Barry W. Boehm",
  title =        "Software risk management: Principles and practices",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "32--41",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:38:51 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Defense Adv Res Project Agency, Arlington, VA, USA",
  classification = "723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Computer Systems, Digital --- Fault
                 Tolerant Capability; Engineering --- Project
                 Management; Risk Management Planning; Risk
                 Resolution/Monitoring; Risk Studies; Software
                 Engineering; Software Risk Management",
}

@Article{Elshoff:1991:MEP,
  author =       "James L. Elshoff and Michael Marcotty",
  title =        "{Microtool}: An Environment for Programming
                 Microprocessors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "42--48",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "GM Res Lab, Warren, MI, USA",
  classification = "662; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Automobiles --- Computer Applications; Computer
                 Systems Programming; Computers, Microcomputer; Database
                 Systems; Microtool Programming Environment; Smart
                 Editing Windows",
}

@Article{Meyers:1991:DIM,
  author =       "Scott Meyers",
  title =        "Difficulties in integrating multiview development
                 systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "49--57",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:39:01 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, Brown Univ, Providence, RI, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Canonical Representations; Computer Operating Systems;
                 Computer Software; Database Systems; Selective
                 Broadcasting; Shared-File Systems; Software
                 Engineering; View-Oriented Databases",
}

@Article{Budd:1991:BIR,
  author =       "Timothy A. Budd",
  title =        "Blending Imperative and Relational Programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "58--65",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming --- Logic Programming; Computer
                 Programming Languages; Imperative Programming;
                 Programming Language Leda; Relational Programming",
}

@Article{Shrivastava:1991:OAD,
  author =       "Santosh K. Shrivastava and Graeme N. Dixon and Graham
                 D. Parrington",
  title =        "An Overview of the {Arjuna} Distributed Programming
                 System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--73",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:39:15 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib;
                 Parallel/oops.par.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Arjuna Distributed Programming System; Computer
                 Programming --- Object Oriented Programming; Computer
                 Systems, Digital; Distributed; Fault Tolerant
                 Distributed Systems",
}

@Article{Luckham:1991:TPD,
  author =       "David Luckham and Sriram Sankar and Shuzo Takahashi",
  title =        "Two-dimensional pinpointing: Debugging with formal
                 specifications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--84",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:39:22 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Syst Lab, Stanford Univ, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Anna Specifications; Annalyzer; Computer Programming;
                 Computer Programming Languages --- Ada; Program
                 Debugging; Queue Manager; Two Dimensional Pinpointing",
}

@Article{Levendel:1991:IQM,
  author =       "Ytzhak Levendel",
  title =        "Improving Quality with a Manufacturing Process",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Naperville, IL, USA",
  classification = "723; 913; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Hardware; Computer Software; Failure
                 Analysis; Failure Data metrics; Failure Rate
                 Convergence; Process Control; Quality Control; Software
                 Engineering; Software Repair; Untampered Metrics",
}

@Article{Su:1991:ETM,
  author =       "Jason Su and Paul R. Ritter",
  title =        "Experience in Testing the {Motif} Interface",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--33",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hewlett-Packard Interface Technol Operation,
                 Corvallis, OR, USA",
  classification = "723; 913; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Graphics --- Design; Computer Interfaces;
                 Computer Software --- Software Engineering; Defect
                 Density; Defect-Arrival Rate; Motif Graphical User
                 Interface; Quality Assurance; Regression Testing;
                 Testing",
}

@Article{Sherer:1991:CAT,
  author =       "Susan A. Sherer",
  title =        "A Cost-Effective Approach to Testing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34--40",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Coll of Bus \& Econ, Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA, USA",
  classification = "723; 912; 914; 921; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Differential Risk of Failure;
                 External Failure Modes; External Risk Assessment;
                 Mathematical Techniques --- Sensitivity Analysis;
                 Module-Failure Likelihood; Reliability; Risk Studies
                 --- Assessment; Systems Analysis; Testing",
}

@Article{Voas:1991:PWF,
  author =       "Jeffrey Voas and Larry Morell and Keith Miller",
  title =        "Predicting Where Faults Can Hide from Testing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "41--48",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "NASA Langley Res Center, Hampton, VA, USA",
  classification = "723; 921; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Blind Experiment; Computer Software; Execution
                 Analysis; Failure-Causing Fault Location; Fault/Failure
                 Model; Infection Analysis; Mathematical Techniques ---
                 Sensitivity Analysis; Probability; Propagation
                 Analysis; Testing",
}

@Article{Denney:1991:TGP,
  author =       "Richard Denney",
  title =        "Test-case Generation from {Prolog}-Based
                 Specifications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "49--57",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Schlumberger Well Services, Austin, TX, USA",
  classification = "721; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Automata Theory --- Finite Automata; Automatic
                 Testing; Computer Metatheory --- Equivalence Classes;
                 Computer Programming --- Logic Programming; Computer
                 Programming Languages --- Prolog; Computer Software;
                 Deterministic Automaton; Metainterpreter; Prolog-Based
                 Specifications; Recursion Control; Software
                 Specifications",
}

@Article{Harrold:1991:SUD,
  author =       "Mary Jean Harrold and Mary Lou Soffa",
  title =        "Selecting and Using Data for Integration Testing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "58--65",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, Clemson Univ, NC, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming Languages --- Pascal; Computer
                 Software; Execution Path Tracking; Interprocedural
                 Dataflow Testing; Testing",
}

@Article{Carver:1991:RTC,
  author =       "Richard H. Carver and Kuo-Chung Tai",
  title =        "Replay and Testing for Concurrent Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "66--74",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib;
                 Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software --- Testing;
                 Concurrent Programs Debugging; Deterministic Execution
                 Debugging; Monitor-Based Programs; Program Debugging;
                 Regression Testing; Semaphore-Based Programs;
                 Statistical Methods --- Regression Analysis",
}

@Article{Arango:1991:TST,
  author =       "Guillermo Arango and Laurent Bruneau and Jean-
                 Francois Cloarec and Albert Feroldi",
  title =        "A Tool Shell for Tracking Design Decisions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "75--83",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Schlumberger Lab for Comput Sci, Austin, TX, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Database Systems --- Relational;
                 Expert System essaim; Expert Systems; Query Mechanism;
                 Software Design Database; Software Design Decisions
                 Tracking; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Aksit:1991:ADO,
  author =       "Mehmet Aksit and Jan Willem Dijkstra and Anand
                 Tripathi",
  title =        "Atomic Delegation: Object-Oriented Transactions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "84--92",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, Univ of Twente, Enschede,
                 Netherlands",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Atomic Delegation; Computer Programming --- Object
                 Oriented Programming; Computer Programming Languages
                 --- Problem Orientation; Data Processing, Business;
                 Distributed Computing System; Distributed Office;
                 Dynamic Delegation; Object-Oriented Transactions;
                 Office Automation; Sina Language",
}

@Article{Shneiderman:1991:ISN,
  author =       "Ben Shneiderman",
  title =        "Interface --- Touch screens now offer compelling
                 uses",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "93--94, 107",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Human-Comput Interaction Lab, Univ of Maryland, MD,
                 USA",
  classification = "722; 723; 903",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Interfaces; Computer Peripheral Equipment;
                 Graphics; Information Retrieval Systems; Touch Screens;
                 Touch-Screen Keyboards; VCR Schedulng",
}

@Article{Smith:1991:MSW,
  author =       "Connie Smith",
  title =        "Manager --- Improving service while controlling
                 costs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "95--96",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "L\&S Computer Technology, USA",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Performance Engineering Methods;
                 Software Engineering; Systems Engineering",
}

@Article{Putnam:1991:QTM,
  author =       "Lawrence H. Putnam",
  title =        "Quality time --- Trends in measurement, estimation,
                 and control",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "105--107",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Quantitative Software Management",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Large-Scale Software Systems;
                 Software Control; Software Engineering; Software
                 Metrics",
}

@Article{Moher:1991:OHL,
  author =       "Thomas G. Moher and Paul R. Wilson",
  title =        "Offsetting Human Limitations with Debugging
                 Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--13",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/garbage.collection.bib; Compiler/Heaps.bib;
                 Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Guest editors' introduction to issue on debugging",
}

@Article{Araki:1991:GFD,
  author =       "Keijiro Araki and Zengo Furukawa and Jingde Cheng",
  title =        "A General Framework for Debugging",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14--20",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci \& Commun Eng Dept, Kyushu Univ,
                 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Algorithmic Debugging; Computer Programming; Computer
                 Programming Languages --- Ada; Concurrent Ada Programs;
                 Debugging General Framework; Eden Debugging Tool;
                 Program Debugging",
}

@Article{Agrawal:1991:EAD,
  author =       "Hiralal Agrawal and Richard DeMillo and Eugene H.
                 Spafford",
  title =        "An Execution-Backtracking Approach to Debugging",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21--26",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:39:54 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept of Comput Sci, Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN,
                 USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Backtracking Debugger; Computer Programming; Computer
                 Software; Execution-History Backtracking; Program
                 Debugging; Spyder Debugger; Structured Backtracking",
}

@Article{Olsson:1991:SDA,
  author =       "Ronald A. Olsson and Richard H. Crawford and W. Wilson
                 Ho and Christopher E. Wee",
  title =        "Sequential Debugging at a High Level of Abstraction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--36",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Div, Univ of California, Davis, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Database Systems --- Query
                 Languages; Event Recognition; Pattern Recognition;
                 Program Debugger Dalek; Program Debugging; Sequential
                 Debugging",
}

@Article{Ponamgi:1991:DMP,
  author =       "M. Krish Ponamgi and Wenwey Hseush and Gail E.
                 Kaiser",
  title =        "Debugging Multithreaded Programs with {MPD}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "37--43",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib;
                 Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept of Comput Sci, Columbia Univ, New York, NY, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Systems, Digital ---
                 Multiprocessing; Event Recognition; Multiprocessor
                 Debugger; Multithreaded Software; Pattern Recognition;
                 Program Debugging",
}

@Article{Shimomura:1991:LVD,
  author =       "Takao Shimomura and Sadahiro Isoda",
  title =        "Linked-List Visualization for Debugging",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "44--51",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "NTT Software Lab, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Graphics --- Animation; Computer Programming;
                 Linked-List Visualization; Program Debugging; VIPS
                 Debugger",
}

@Article{Rosenblum:1991:SCS,
  author =       "David S. Rosenblum",
  title =        "Specifying Concurrent Systems with {TSL}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "52--61",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Programming Languages
                 --- Ada; Concurrent Programs; Consistency-Checking
                 Tests; Task Sequencing Language (TSL)",
}

@Article{Stankovic:1991:SKN,
  author =       "John A. Stankovic and Krithi Ramamritham",
  title =        "The {Spring} kernel: a new paradigm for real-time
                 systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "62--72",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:39:58 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput \& Inf Sci Dept, Univ of Massachusetts,
                 Amherst, MA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Operating Systems; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 Integrated cpu Scheduling; Real Time Operation;
                 Real-Time Operating System; Spring Kernel",
}

@Article{Engelstad:1991:DCO,
  author =       "Steve Engelstad and Keith Falck and Warren Montgomery
                 and Joe Neumann and Ralph Straubs and Jim Vandendorpe
                 and Mike Wilde",
  title =        "A Dynamic {C}-Based Object-Oriented System for
                 {Unix}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "73--85",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Compiler/garbage.collection.bib;
                 Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Naperville, IL, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "C-based Object-oriented Language; Calico Garbage;
                 Computer Operating Systems --- Unix; Computer
                 Programming Languages; Dynamic Binding; Object-Oriented
                 Language Calico; Problem Orientation",
}

@Article{Alavi:1991:MPD,
  author =       "Maryam Alavi and James C. Wetherbe",
  title =        "Mixing Prototyping and Data Modeling for
                 Information-System Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "86--91",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Coll of Bus \& Manage, Univ of Maryland, College Park,
                 MD, USA",
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Information Systems; Management;
                 Management-Information-System Design; Order-Processing
                 System; Systems Engineering --- Education",
}

@Article{Dongarra:1991:SRG,
  author =       "Jack Dongarra and Alan Karp and Ken Miura and Horst
                 Simon",
  title =        "Special Report: 1990 {Gordon Bell Prize}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "92--98",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Humphrey:1991:SPI,
  author =       "Watts S. Humphrey and Terry R. Snyder and Ronald R.
                 Willis",
  title =        "Software Process Improvement at {Hughes Aircraft}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11--23",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:40:04 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Engineering Inst",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Hughes Aircraft Software
                 Engineering Division; Software Engineering; Software
                 Process Assessment; Software Process Improvement",
}

@Article{Bollinger:1991:CLA,
  author =       "Terry B. Bollinger and Clement McGowan",
  title =        "A Critical Look at Software Capability Evaluations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25--41",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  note =         "See comment \cite{Humphrey:1991:CCL}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "NEC America, Dallas, TX, USA",
  annote =       "evaluation of SEI work",
  classification = "723; 912; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Adaptive Systems Fixed Testing; am; Computer Software;
                 Forklift Dilemma; Reliability; Replication Risk;
                 Software Capability Evaluation; Software Engineering;
                 Sparse-Data Analysis; Systems Analysis",
}

@Article{Humphrey:1991:CCL,
  author =       "Watts S. Humphrey and Bill Curtis",
  title =        "Comment on ``{A Critical Look at Software Capability
                 Evaluations}''",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "42--46",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:40:08 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Bollinger:1991:CLA}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Eng Inst",
  classification = "723; 922",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Process-Maturity Grading System;
                 Software Capability Evaluation; Software Engineering;
                 Statistical Methods",
}

@Article{Leveson:1991:SVA,
  author =       "Nancy G. Leveson and Stephen S. Cha and Timothy J.
                 Shimeall",
  title =        "Safety Verification of {Ada} Programs Using Software
                 Fault Trees",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "48--59",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:40:55 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of California, Irvine, CA, USA",
  classification = "432; 723; 914",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Accident Prevention; Ada; Ada programs Safety
                 Verification; Computer Programming Languages; Computer
                 Software; Failure Mode Templates; Safety-Critical
                 Projects; Software Fault-Tree Analysis; Street Traffic
                 Control; Traffic Light Control System",
}

@Article{Kelly:1991:IDD,
  author =       "John P. J. Kelly and Thomas I. McVittie and Wayne I.
                 Yamamoto",
  title =        "Implementing Design Diversity to Achieve Fault
                 Tolerance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61--71",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept of Electr \& Comput Eng, Univ of California,
                 Santa Barbara, CA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Back-to-Back Testing; Computer Software; Computer
                 Systems, Didital; Fault Tolerant Capability;
                 Multiversion Software; Random Diversity; Real-Time
                 Concurrent Systems; Recovery Block Software;
                 Redundancy; Software Faults",
}

@Article{Leavens:1991:MSV,
  author =       "Gary T. Leavens",
  title =        "Modular Specification and Verification of
                 Object-Oriented Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "72--80",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput Sci Dept, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Programming; Computer Software --- Testing;
                 Modular Specification; Object Oriented Programming;
                 Object-Oriented Programs Verification; Semantic
                 Constraints; Subtype Polymorphism; Supertype
                 Abstraction; Syntactic Constraints",
}

@Article{Lubars:1991:RDD,
  author =       "Mitchell D. Lubars",
  title =        "Representing Design Dependencies in an Issue-Based
                 Style",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "81--89",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Microelectronics Computer Technology Corp",
  annote =       "IBIS method of structured recording of information
                 justifications and its algebra supported by browsing
                 tool",
  classification = "723; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Graphics; Computer Software --- Design;
                 Expert Systems; ibis-style Browser; Issue-Based
                 Information System; System Design Rationale; Systems
                 Engineering; Truth Maintenance Systems",
}

@Article{Trubow:1991:HLY,
  author =       "George B. Trubow",
  title =        "How liable are you for your software?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "94--95, 101",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "John Marshal Law Sch, Chicago, IL, USA",
  classification = "723; 901; 902; 913",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Defective Software; Engineering ---
                 Professional Aspects; Product Liability;
                 Product-Liability Law; Software Developer Liability;
                 Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Nichols:1991:NCA,
  author =       "Kathleen Nichols and Paul Oman",
  title =        "Navigating Complexity to Achieve High Performance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "12--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Malony:1991:TTV,
  author =       "Allen Malony and David Hammerslag and David
                 Jablonowski",
  title =        "{Traceview}: a Trace Visualization Tool",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "19--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Heath:1991:VPP,
  author =       "Michael Heath and Jennifer Etheridge",
  title =        "Visualizing the Performance of Parallel Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "29--39",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Parallel/debug_3.1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kenny:1991:MAR,
  author =       "Kevin Kenny and Lin Kwei-Jay",
  title =        "Measuring and Analyzing Real-Time Performance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "41--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Flower:1991:FAP,
  author =       "Jon Flower and Adam Kolawa and Timothy Liang and
                 Victor Weingarten",
  title =        "Finite-element Analysis on a {PC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "50--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Funka-Lea:1991:IVM,
  author =       "Cynthia Funka-Lea and Tasos Kontogiorgos and Robert
                 Morris and Larry Rubin",
  title =        "Interactive Visual Modeling for Performance Analysis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "58--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Couvillion:1991:PMU,
  author =       "Joseph Couvillion and Roberto Freire and Ron Johnson
                 and W. Douglas Obal and M. Akber Qureshi and Manish Rai
                 and William Sanders and Janet Tvedt",
  title =        "Performability Modeling with {UltraSAN}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "69--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cunto:1991:FPE,
  author =       "Walter Cunto and Jorge Araujo and Federico Giovannetti
                 and Juan Rivero",
  title =        "{Fplus}: a Programming Environment for Scientific
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "81--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chandy:1991:PP,
  author =       "K. Mani Chandy and Carl Kesselman",
  title =        "Parallel Programming in 2001",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "11--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Yeh:1991:CMM,
  author =       "Raymond Yeh and David Naumann and Roland Mittermeir
                 and Reinhard Schlemmer and William Gilmore and George
                 Sumrall and John LeBaron",
  title =        "A Commonsense Management Model",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "23--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cantoni:1991:LEV,
  author =       "Virginio Cantoni and Stefano Levialdi",
  title =        "Languages and Environments for Vision Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Zavidovique:1991:MCC,
  author =       "Bertrand Zavidovique and Veronique Serfaty and
                 Christian Fortunel",
  title =        "Mechanism to Capture and Communicate Image-Processing
                 Expertise",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "37--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Reeves:1991:PPC,
  author =       "Anthony Reeves",
  title =        "Parallel Programming for Computer Vision",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "51--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:IFF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Insider}: Flexible Factories and Zero-Service
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lin:1992:RPE,
  author =       "Fuchun Joseph Lin and Ming T. Liu",
  title =        "The Rise of Protocol Engineering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Some well-established software fields are combining to
                 forge the new discipline of protocol engineering, which
                 seeks to ease the development of todays communication
                 software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holzmann:1992:PDR,
  author =       "Gerard J. Holzmann",
  title =        "Protocol Design: Redefining the State of the Art",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--22",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:40:46 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "New formal methods now exist to design and validate
                 even complex protocols. These methods are mature enough
                 to be used by everyone.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "722.3; 723.1",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Behavioral specification; Communication protocols;
                 Computer networks; Computer software; Network
                 protocols; Partial-order semantics; Protocol
                 engineering; State-space compaction",
}

@Article{Lin:1992:PVL,
  author =       "Fuchun Joseph Lin and Ming T. Liu",
  title =        "Protocol Validation for Large-Scale Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--26",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "To successfully validate a very large protocol, you
                 need three ingredients: formal modeling, decomposition
                 and abstraction, and reachability analysis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT\&T Bell Lab, Naperville, IL, USA",
  classification = "722.3; 723.1; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer networks; Divide and conquer; Functional
                 abstraction; Network protocols; Perturbation
                 techniques; Reachability analysis; Structural
                 decomposition",
}

@Article{Naik:1992:TCP,
  author =       "Kshirasagar Naik and Behcet Sarikaya",
  title =        "Testing Communication Protocols",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--37",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This model accommodates all conformance testing
                 activities and lets you translate data and behavior
                 into a common notation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Concordia Univ, Montreal, Que, Canada",
  classification = "721.1; 722.3; 723.1; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Communication protocols testing; Computer networks;
                 Conformance testing; Finite automata; Lotos
                 specifications; Network protocols; Open systems
                 interconnections; State space methods",
}

@Article{Shiratori:1992:UAI,
  author =       "Norio Shiratori and Kaoru Takahashi and Kenji Sugawara
                 and Tetsuo Kinoshita",
  title =        "Using Artificial Intelligence in Communication System
                 Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--46",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "An AI-based design system can lower development costs
                 and let even inexperienced designers create intelligent
                 networks, but its creation poses many challenges.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tohoku Univ, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan",
  classification = "722.3; 723.3; 723.5",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer aided design; Distributed computer systems;
                 Incoming messages; Intelligent networks; KDDS system;
                 Knowledge based systems; Knowledge-based design support
                 system; Large-scale distributed computer systems;
                 Network protocols; Protocol synthesis;
                 Telecommunication systems",
}

@Article{vanZijl:1992:TGN,
  author =       "Lynette {van Zijl} and Deon Mitton and Simon Crosby",
  title =        "A Tool for Graphical Network Modeling and Analysis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "47--54",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Using a graphical interface, both novices and experts
                 can analyze the performance of diverse networks simply
                 by loading a configuration file and traffic data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Stellenbosch, South Africa",
  classification = "722.3; 723.5",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer graphics; Computer networks; Computer
                 software; Data-extraction module; Graphical modeling
                 and analysis package; Software package GMA",
}

@Article{Luqi:1992:CPC,
  author =       "Luqi",
  title =        "Computer-aided Prototyping for a Command-and-Control
                 System Using {CAPS}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--67",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This case study shows the feasibility of using
                 computer-aided prototyping to validate a Csup 3 I
                 system's requirements and describes the enabling
                 technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "US Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA, USA",
  classification = "404.1; 723.2; 723.3",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Ada (programming language); Computer-aided prototyping
                 system; Database systems; Distributed processing;
                 Military communications; Ordnance; Prototype system
                 description language",
}

@Article{Emrath:1992:DNP,
  author =       "Perry A. Emrath and Sanjoy Ghosh and David A. Padua",
  title =        "Detecting Nondeterminacy in Parallel Programs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--77",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A combination of static and trace analysis lets you
                 debug a nondeterminate multiprocessor program and still
                 be in the realm of practicality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA",
  classification = "722.4; 723.1; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Common-ancestor algorithm; Computer programming;
                 Exhaustive-pairing algorithm; Graph theory;
                 Multiprocessing systems; Program debugging; Program
                 nondeterminacy; Static analysis; Task graph; Trace
                 analysis",
}

@Article{Smedinghoff:1992:SEV,
  author =       "Thomas J. Smedinghoff",
  title =        "Is source-code escrow a viable compromise?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--85",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "McBride, Baker, \& Coles",
  classification = "723.1; 723.5; 902.3",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Escrow costs; Escrow deposit;
                 Patents and inventions; Software engineering; Software
                 updates; Source-code escrow",
}

@Article{Siegel:1992:WWN,
  author =       "Stan Siegel",
  title =        "Why we need checks and balances to assure quality",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--103",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Potomac, MD, USA",
  classification = "723.1; 723.5; 913.3",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Software engineering; Software
                 product assurance",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:EUK,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "End User: Kinder, Gentler {Comdex} Eludes Vendors,
                 Buyers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "112--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Norman:1992:WTI,
  author =       "Ronald J. Norman and Minder Chen",
  title =        "Working Together to Integrate {CASE}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "The focus of CASE research and development has shifted
                 from making sure each tool works to making sure all
                 tools can work together. Major vendors are striving to
                 balance comprehensiveness and compatibility.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chen:1992:FIC,
  author =       "Minder Chen and Ronald J. Norman",
  title =        "A Framework for Integrated {CASE}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18--22",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "CASE technology has made significant advances
                 recently, but its potential is limited by integration
                 difficulties. The authors propose an organizational
                 framework to guide integrated CASE development and
                 research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Decision Sci \& Manage Inf Syst Dept, George Mason
                 Univ, Fairfax, VA, USA",
  classification = "723; 901",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Software Engineering (case); Computer
                 Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer Software;
                 Engineering --- Project Management; Software
                 Development; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Brown:1992:LIM,
  author =       "Alan W. Brown and John A. Mcdermid",
  title =        "Learning from {IPSE}'s Mistakes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23--28",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "IPSEs are not living up to their potential ---
                 primarily because their developers have forgotten what
                 integration involves. CASE developers have the
                 opportunity to avoid the same pitfall.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Eng Inst, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh,
                 PA, USA",
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Engineering --- Project Management;
                 Integrated Project Support Environment (IPSE); Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Thomas:1992:DTI,
  author =       "Ian Thomas and Brian A. Nejmeh",
  title =        "Definitions of Tool Integration for Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "29--35",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "What does ``integration'' mean? Integration is a
                 property of tool interrelationships. Understanding it
                 will help us design better tools and integration
                 mechanisms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hewlett-Packard, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer
                 Software; Software Development; Software Engineering;
                 Tool Integration",
}

@Article{Fernstrom:1992:SFP,
  author =       "Christer Fernstr{\"o}m and Kjell-H{\aa}kan N{\"a}rfelt
                 and Lennart Ohlsson",
  title =        "Software Factory Principles, Architectures, and
                 Experiments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36--44",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:42:04 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Factory research is progressing from a vision to a
                 reality. The Eureka Software Factory project combines
                 process modeling and a communication-centered
                 architecture to aid integration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Cap Gemini Innovation, Grenoble, France",
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Software Engineering (case); Computer
                 Software; Engineering --- Project Management; Software
                 Engineering; Software Factory Concept",
}

@Article{Mi:1992:PIC,
  author =       "Peiwei Mi and Walt Scacchi",
  title =        "Process Integration in {CASE} Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "45--53",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "At a higher level than tool or object integration,
                 process integration makes the implicit chain of
                 development tasks explicit. This lets us develop
                 process-driven software environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Software Engineering (case); Computer
                 Software; Engineering --- Project Management; Process
                 Integration; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Jarke:1992:SIC,
  author =       "Matthias Jarke",
  title =        "Strategies for Integrating {CASE} Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "54--61",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A framework based on a process model lifts integration
                 from files and documents to the conceptual level,
                 taking care of lower level details with mapping
                 assistants.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tech Univ, Aachen, Germany",
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Software Engineering (case); Computer
                 Software; Database Systems --- Design; Engineering ---
                 Project Management; Process Integration; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Cybulski:1992:HBS,
  author =       "Jacob L. Cybulski and Karl Reed",
  title =        "A Hypertext-Based Software-Engineering Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--68",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Tools from information management and software
                 development combine to provide document developers with
                 maximum flexibility plus a guarantee of correctness and
                 consistency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Software Engineering (case); Computer
                 Software; Engineering --- Project Management; Software
                 Development Environment; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Hevner:1992:ICC,
  author =       "Alan R. Hevner and Shirley A. Becker and Lenard B.
                 Pedowitz",
  title =        "Integrated {CASE} for Cleanroom Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "69--76",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Cleanroom development techniques offer unique
                 advantages. With integrated CASE, developers can use
                 them to solve complex problems more efficiently.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Coll of Bus \& Manage, Univ of Maryland, College Park,
                 MD, USA",
  classification = "723; 901; 912",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Aided Software Engineering (case); Computer
                 Software; Engineering --- Project Management; Software
                 Development Environment; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Nelson:1992:UBS,
  author =       "Peter C. Nelson and Anestis A. Toptsis",
  title =        "Unidirectional and Bidirectional Search Algorithms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77--83",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Search algorithms discover a correct sequence for
                 applying rules onto data. Choices range from Asup *, a
                 popular unidirectional uniprocessor algorithm, to
                 recently developed bidirectional multiprocessor
                 algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Illinois, IL, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Applications; Artificial Intelligence; Computer
                 Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer Programming
                 --- Algorithms; Search Algorithms",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:I,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Insider",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "How to Prevent the Coming Software Crisis",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chikofsky:1992:AST,
  author =       "Elliot J. Chikofsky and David A. Martin and Chang
                 Hugh",
  title =        "Assessing the State of Tools Assessment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "18--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "The software industry has made great strides in making
                 more development tools available. It is now time to
                 find ways to consistently and objectively evaluate a
                 tool's utility and appropriateness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kemerer:1992:HLC,
  author =       "Chris F. Kemerer",
  title =        "How the Learning Curve Affects {CASE} Tool Adoption",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--28",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Why do some organizations buy integrated CASE tools
                 only to leave them on the shelf? Part of the answer may
                 lie in a misinterpretation of the learning curve and
                 its affect on productivity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "MIT Sloan Sch of Manage, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "case Tools; Computer Software; Learnuing Curve;
                 Productivity; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Mosley:1992:HAT,
  author =       "Vicky Mosley",
  title =        "How to Assess Tools Efficiently and Quantitatively",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29--32",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Over the last seven years, Westinghouse has developed
                 a five-step method to select CASE tools. The procedure
                 is generic, but tailorable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Westinghouse Electronic Systems Group, Baltimore,
                 MD,USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "case Quantitative Assessment; case Tool Taxonomy; case
                 Tools Selection; Computer Software; Software
                 Engineering; Westinghouse case Tools",
}

@Article{Poston:1992:EST,
  author =       "Robert M. Poston and Michael P. Sexton",
  title =        "Evaluating and Selecting Testing Tools",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33--42",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Companies have used this systematic process and set of
                 forms to select tools that more closely match their
                 requirements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Computer Software --- Testing;
                 Software Engineering; Software Testing Tools; Tool
                 Interconnection Profiles; Tool Selection Criteria",
}

@Article{Song:1992:TOS,
  author =       "Xiping Song and Leon J. Osterweil",
  title =        "Toward Objective, Systematic Design-Method
                 Comparisons",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "43--53",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "There is new interest in codifying design methods to
                 integrate their principles and techniques. An
                 evolutionary development strategy was used to develop a
                 unifying framework and formalism",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Software Design Methodologies;
                 Software Engineering; Software Function Frameworks;
                 Software Modeling Formalism",
}

@Article{Nicinski:1992:ETA,
  author =       "Tom Nicinski",
  title =        "Extending {Teamwork} for architecture diagrams",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "54--60",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The methodology behind a tool extension to associate
                 dataflow and architecture diagrams was sound, but
                 practical considerations limited its effectiveness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Fermi Nat Accel Lab, Batavia, IL, USA",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Architecture Flow Diagram; Computer Architecture;
                 Computer Software; Computer Systems Programming;
                 Dataflow Diagrams; fig Format Files; Software
                 Engineering; Teamwork Dataflow Diagraming Tool",
}

@Article{Horgan:1992:ATT,
  author =       "Joseph R. Horgan and Aditya P. Mathur",
  title =        "Assessing Testing Tools in Research and Education",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61--69",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Students got hands-on experience in assessing the
                 strengths and weaknesses of three testing tools ---
                 valuable work for future activities in real-world
                 development.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Bellcore, Morristown, NJ, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "asset Dataflow Testing Tool; atac Dataflow testing
                 Tool; Computer Software; Computer Software --- Testing;
                 MOTHRA Mutation-Testing Tool; Software Engineering;
                 Software Engineering Tools",
}

@Article{Forte:1992:TFL,
  author =       "Gene Forte",
  title =        "Tools Fair: Out of the Lab, Onto the Shelf",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Expectations for software and software engineers are
                 rising. This collection of commercial tools illustrates
                 how the tools market is responding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Palmer:1992:IER,
  author =       "James D. Palmer and N. Ann Fields",
  title =        "An Integrated Environment for Requirements
                 Engineering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "80--85",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Studies show that the greatest leverage to improve
                 quality lies in supporting the collection of correct,
                 unambiguous requirements. Such an environment must
                 support collaborative work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "case Tools; Computer Software; Software Engineering;
                 Software Requirements Engineering",
}

@Article{Zernick:1992:UVT,
  author =       "Dror Zernik and Marc Snir and Dalia Malki",
  title =        "Using Visualization Tools to Understand Concurrency",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "87--92",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:42:56 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Causality graphs display execution information,
                 helping you understand program behavior in systems with
                 thousands of processors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept of Electr Eng, Technion, Haifa, Israel",
  classification = "722; 723; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Causality Graphs; Coarse-Grained Parallelism; Computer
                 Systems Programming; Computer Systems, Digital ---
                 Parallel Processing; Concurrency Testing; Large-Scale
                 Parallel Machines; Mathematical Techniques --- Graph
                 Theory; Visualization Tools",
}

@Article{Olson:1992:IMG,
  author =       "Gary M. Olson and Judith {Olson, S.}",
  title =        "Interface --- Defining a metaphor for group work",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "93--95",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Graphics --- Color; Computer Interfaces;
                 Computer Software; Computer-Supported Cooperative Work;
                 Dialog Interface; Graphics Windows; Group Work
                 Coordination; Software Engineering",
}

@Article{Zanger:1992:LRS,
  author =       "Larry M. Zanger",
  title =        "Law Review --- Still no agreement on repossession
                 issues",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "97--98",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "McBride Baker \& Coles",
  classification = "723; 902",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer Software; Legislation; Software
                 Repossession",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:EU,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "End User",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "120--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Age of Chaos Ends, Age of Confusion Dawns",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:PTS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Profile of Tomorrow's Successful Developer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Srimani:1992:SPR,
  author =       "Pradip K. Srimani and Yashwant K. Malaiya",
  title =        "Steps to Practical Reliability Measurement",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Most developers either aren't familiar with
                 reliability models or don't know how to select and
                 apply them. But the need for accurate predictions is
                 acute, focusing attention on this comparatively young
                 field.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sheldon:1992:RMT,
  author =       "Frederick T. Sheldon and Krishna M. Kavi and Robert C.
                 Tausworthe and James T. Yu and Ralph Brettschneider and
                 William W. Everett",
  title =        "Reliability Measurement: From Theory to Practice",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "13--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "In today's climate of tight budgets and schedules,
                 reliability measurement can help you deliver the level
                 of reliability your customers need.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hamlet:1992:WTT,
  author =       "Dick Hamlet",
  title =        "Are We Testing for True Reliability?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Conventional reliability theory works fine---if its
                 assumptions hold. But for software, they fail. A new
                 theory of trustworthiness is needed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Schneidewind:1992:ARM,
  author =       "Norman F. Schneidewind and Ted W. Keller",
  title =        "Applying Reliability Models to the Space Shuttle",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Real project experience shows that reliability models
                 can predict reliability and help develop test
                 strategies. This case study reports on IBM's approach
                 to the space shuttle's on-board software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brocklehurst:1992:NWG,
  author =       "Sarah Brocklehurst and Bev Littlewood",
  title =        "New Ways to Get Accurate Reliability Measures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "In spite of extravagant claims, no reliability model
                 can be trusted to be accurate. Now, statistical
                 techniques let you determine which model gives
                 acceptable results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lyu:1992:ARM,
  author =       "Michael R. Lyu and Allen Nikora",
  title =        "Applying Reliability Models More Effectively",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Combining the results of individual models may give
                 more accurate predictions than using components alone,
                 providing a general reliability method across
                 projects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Karunanithi:1992:UNN,
  author =       "Nachimuthu Karunanithi and Darrell Whitley and
                 Yashwant K. Malaiya",
  title =        "Using Neural Networks in Reliability Prediction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "53--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Given only failure history, the neural-network model
                 automatically develops its own internal model of the
                 failure process and predicts future more accurately
                 than some well-known analytic models. But the approach
                 is very new.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Astfalk:1992:IML,
  author =       "Greg Astfalk and Irvin Lustig and Roy Marsten and
                 David Shanno",
  title =        "The interior-point method for linear programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61--68",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Theory/intbib.bib",
  abstract =     "A variant of the interior-point method outperforms the
                 more common simplex method for large problems, and the
                 number of required iterations is relatively independent
                 of problem size.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:PHI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:CYS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Can You Survive Your Management Mistakes?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "72--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:PPS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Personal Privacy and Secondary-Use Dilemma",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "73--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:B,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "In Brief",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:ECD,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{EC} Computing Directives Create Controversy",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:ISS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Interview}: {Steve Shirley}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:ABP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Analyzing Benefits of Process Improvement",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "83--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:EPI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Elements of a Process-Improvement Program",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "83--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:HTV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{High-Tech Ventures: The Guide for Entrepreneurial
                 Success; Measures for Excellence: Reliable Software On
                 Time, Within Budget; CASE: Computer-Aided Software
                 Engineering; Effective Structured Techniques: From
                 Strategy to Case; Making Software Development Visible:
                 Effective Project Control; Evaluating Decision Support
                 and Expert Systems; New Media}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "86--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:MTW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Microsoft} Test for {Windows}; Top Drawer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "92--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:OGB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "An Over-the-Transom Grab Bag of Goodies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "96--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:ECW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "From the {Editor}: Count the Ways You Can Contribute in
                 1993",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:CTC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Can Technology Create a Humane Work Style?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "8--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rudolf:1992:CJI,
  author =       "Jim Rudolf and Cathy Waite",
  title =        "Completing the Job of Interface Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "11--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "HyperNews lets you separate application and interface
                 design to link a new interface to an old application
                 with very little programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ege:1992:DMR,
  author =       "Raimund K. Ege and Christian Stary",
  title =        "Designing Maintainable, Reusable Interfaces",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "24--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "By capturing task relationships in the interface
                 specification and explicitly representing constraints,
                 designers can create interfaces that meet the often
                 elusive requirements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Oberg:1992:ERG,
  author =       "Bruce Oberg and David Notkin",
  title =        "Error Reporting with Graduated Color",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "33--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "A technique to avoid interruptions during programming
                 uses color and information hiding to provide error
                 reports on demand, rather than when you least want
                 them.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Schneeman:1992:PMA,
  author =       "Richard D. Schneeman",
  title =        "Porting Multimedia Applications to the Open System
                 Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "39--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "The US government is mandating OSE-based standards to
                 enhance portability, yet good migration strategies are
                 scarce. The author describes one such effort and offers
                 advice to developers who must port from any platform or
                 operating system to the OSE.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Munson:1992:MDP,
  author =       "John C. Munson and Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar",
  title =        "Measuring Dynamic Program Complexity",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "48--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Relative complexity combines the features of many
                 complexity metrics to predict performance and
                 reliability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wyatt:1992:POL,
  author =       "Barbara B. Wyatt and Krishna Kavi and Steve Hufnagel",
  title =        "Parallelism in Object-Oriented Languages: a Survey",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "56--66",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  abstract =     "A look at 14 representative languages reveals that
                 when concurrency features are added after a language
                 has been designed, the resulting hybrid can be
                 difficult to use and may produce inefficient
                 programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "olit-obcl",
}

@Article{Lopez:1992:EPM,
  author =       "Leonard A. Lopez and Karim A. Valimohamed and Linda G.
                 Schub",
  title =        "An Environment for Painless {MIMD} Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "67--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Multiprocessors are becoming more Linda G. ABSTRACT:
                 Multiprocessors are becoming more accessible, but tools
                 to program them efficiently are within the reach of
                 relatively few. An unusual high-level environment may
                 be the answer to the problem of harnessing hardware
                 power.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Luqi:1992:SRC,
  author =       "Luqi",
  title =        "Status Report: Computer-Aided Protoyping",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "77--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "This workshop report assesses the role of
                 computer-aided prototyping in software development,
                 identifies the supporting technology necessary for
                 prototyping to reach its potential, and suggests some
                 directions for future work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:WIO,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Why Industry Often Says No Thanks to Research",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "97--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:ISB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Is the Silver Bullet Knowledge-Based?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kozaczynski:1993:WIT,
  author =       "Wojtek Kozaczynski and Annie Kuntzmann-Combelles",
  title =        "What It Takes to Make {OO} Work",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--23",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  abstract =     "Will object-orientation be the dominant paradigm in
                 the near future? If it is to be widely used, it must
                 overcome many legacies, especially the fact that most
                 developers do not think in terms of objects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "olit ieee",
}

@Article{Jacobson:1993:IOT,
  author =       "Ivar Jacobson",
  title =        "Is Object Technology Software's Industrial Platform?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "The wide acceptance of the object-oriented approach is
                 unprecedented in computer technology. Judging from the
                 experience of the last 25 years, developers who adopt
                 this platform stand to reap generous rewards.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Snyder:1993:EOC,
  author =       "Alan Snyder",
  title =        "The Essence of Objects: Concepts and Terms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--42",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Object/Nierstrasz.bib; Object/Ooos.bib",
  abstract =     "Establishing common perceptions can greatly enhance
                 communication among developers, researchers, and users.
                 This attempt to identify and define key terms is a step
                 toward a unified understanding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "olit ieee",
}

@Article{Pittman:1993:LLM,
  author =       "Matthew Pittman",
  title =        "Lessons Learned in Managing Object-Oriented
                 Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "What's different about managing object-oriented
                 projects? One consulting firm has discovered that
                 current techniques do require some adaptation,
                 especially to bring reuse under the manager's
                 control.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Honiden:1993:FSM,
  author =       "Shinichi Honiden and Nobuto Kotaka and Yoshinori
                 Kishimoto",
  title =        "Formalizing Specification Modeling in {OOA}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--66",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  abstract =     "Object-oriented analysis is not fully mature because
                 its specification process has never been described in
                 detail. Doing so exposes ways to avoid backward control
                 flow.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "olit ieee",
}

@Article{Davis:1993:ODA,
  author =       "John Davis and Tom Morgan",
  title =        "Object-oriented Development at {Brooklyn Union Gas}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--74",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  abstract =     "Using dynamic object-oriented language features, a
                 mainframe implementation of a Smalltalk-like execution
                 environment supports a critical commercial application
                 and can accommodate change.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "olit ieee",
}

@Article{Wilde:1993:MOS,
  author =       "Norman Wilde and Paul Matthews and Ross Huitt",
  title =        "Maintaining Object-Oriented Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--80",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:43:25 1997",
  bibsource =    "Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  abstract =     "Object orientation facilitates change but makes
                 programs harder for maintainers to understand. Design
                 practices and support tools are needed to make
                 maintenance easier.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "olit ieee",
}

@Article{Yamazaki:1993:ODT,
  author =       "Seiichi Yamazaki and Kiyohiko Kajihara and Mitsutaka
                 Ito and Ryuichi Yasuhara",
  title =        "Object-Oriented Design of Telecommunication Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--87",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Object/Nierstrasz.bib",
  abstract =     "NTT is developing an object-oriented design method
                 specially designed to handle the complexity inherent in
                 telecommunication systems. This article reports the
                 early results of applying the ROOD method.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "olit ieee",
}

@Article{Poore:1993:PCS,
  author =       "J. H. Poore and Harlan D. Mills and David Mutchler",
  title =        "Planning and Certifying Software System Reliability",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Developers often view software reliability as
                 unapproachable. But an increased understanding of
                 planning and certification activities can help in
                 selecting models and manipulating them in reliability
                 analysis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:BIM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Beyond Intelligent Machines: Just Do It!",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "100--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:EAC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Has the Exploratory Approach Come of Age?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "104--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:WLE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Who's Liable for Electronic Abuse?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:GSS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Getting Started on Software Metrics",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "108--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:HTC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Volumes A
                 and B}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:IM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The {Internet} Message",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:IOO,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Intelligent Offices: Object-Oriented Multi-Media
                 Information Management in Client\slash Server
                 Architectures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:RED,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Rapid Evolutionary Development",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:SRT,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Synchronization in Real-Time Systems: a Priority
                 Inheritance Approach",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:UI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Unix For The Impatient}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:NM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Media",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Musa:1993:OPS,
  author =       "John D. Musa",
  title =        "Operational Profiles in Software-Reliability
                 Engineering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "An operational profile describes how users employ a
                 system. Created to aid software-reliability
                 engineering, this technique can help you in many ways.
                 Here's how to develop an operational profile step by
                 step.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ehrlich:1993:DCS,
  author =       "Willa Ehrlich and Bala Prasanna and John Stampfel and
                 Wu Jar",
  title =        "Determining the Cost of a Stop-Test Decision",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Knowing when to stop testing can save a company
                 considerable cost and help them keep a competitive
                 edge. Software-reliability engineering can be used with
                 an economic model to aid in determining the optimal
                 release time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fayad:1993:USO,
  author =       "Mohamed E. Fayad and Louis J. Hawn and Mark A. Roberts
                 and Jerry R. Klatt",
  title =        "Using the {Shlaer-Mellor} Object-Oriented Analysis
                 Method",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "43--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "The Shlaer-Mellor method is good for applications with
                 well-defined requirements, such as databases. It
                 supports bottom-up development and produces better
                 abstract objects than most methods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Segal:1993:OPM,
  author =       "Mark E. Segal and Ophir Frieder",
  title =        "On-the-fly Program Modification: Systems for Dynamic
                 Updating",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--65",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 10:54:54 1998",
  abstract =     "The rising cost of shutting down systems for
                 maintenance and repair is forcing developers to look at
                 ways to repair software as it runs. The authors briefly
                 describe available updating systems and present a
                 prototype.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell:1993:LAT,
  author =       "Mark D. Campbell and Russ L. Holt",
  title =        "Lock-granularity Analysis Tools in {SVR4\slash MP}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "66--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "The lock-granularity tuning tools used to develop a
                 Unix-based multiprocessor operating system also form a
                 basis for developing kernel subsystems and drivers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gabber:1993:PPP,
  author =       "Eran Gabber and Amir Averbuch and Amiram Yehudai",
  title =        "Portable, Parallelizing {Pascal} Compiler",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "71--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "This compiler produces efficient parallel code for a
                 variety of multiprocessors from the same serial
                 program. Its portability is the result of separating
                 machine-specific details from the parallelization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Setliff:1993:PSS,
  author =       "Dorothy Setliff and Elaine Kant and Tom Cain",
  title =        "Practical Software Synthesis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1--18",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The idea of automatic program generation has its roots
                 in the very earliest software technology, but realistic
                 applications have been elusive. Recents gains are
                 encouraging, however.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Pittsburgh",
  affiliationaddress = "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723.5",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Software development; Software
                 engineering; Software synthesis",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:IOA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "To Improve Our Average, Focus on the Worst",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jullig:1993:AFS,
  author =       "Richard K. Jullig",
  title =        "Applying Formal Software Synthesis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17--22",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This interactive environment aims to help developers
                 write formal, validated specifications and translate
                 them into provably correct target code. It provides a
                 coherent knowledge base and an organized approach to
                 software synthesis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Kestrel Inst",
  affiliationaddress = "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  classification = "721.1; 723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Algorithmic languages; Computer software; Software
                 specifications; Software synthesis",
}

@Article{Eriksson:1993:MKA,
  author =       "Henrik Eriksson and Mark Musen",
  title =        "Metatools for Knowledge Acquisition",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--29",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Tools for knowledge acquisition must be customized for
                 domain specialists, but the cost and labor are usually
                 high. Work on prototype metatools promises to solve
                 this problem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Stanford Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Stanford, CA, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Knowledge acquisition; Software
                 development tools; Software engineering",
}

@Article{Kant:1993:SMM,
  author =       "Elaine Kant",
  title =        "Synthesis of Mathematical-Modeling Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30--41",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The Sinapse synthesis system represents knowledge
                 about mathematics and programming as objects and
                 transformation rules. Modelers can specify and modify
                 scientific computations and let Sinapse generate an
                 executable program.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Schlumberger Lab for Computer Science",
  affiliationaddress = "Austin, TX, USA",
  classification = "723.4.1; 921",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Knowledge based systems;
                 Mathematical modelling software; Software synthesis",
}

@Article{Abbott:1993:MSS,
  author =       "Ben Abbott and Ted Bapty and Csaba Biegl and Gabor
                 Karsai and Janos Sztipanovits",
  title =        "Model-based Software Synthesis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "42--52",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "By expressing the contents of a knowledge base as
                 formal models, you can synthesize systems in real-time
                 parallel computing environments. The authors apply
                 their technique to a signal-processing system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Vanderbilt Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Nashville, TN, USA",
  classification = "721.1; 723.4.1",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Knowledge based systems;
                 Programming theory; Software synthesis",
}

@Article{Cohen:1993:ARO,
  author =       "Donald Cohen and Neil Campbell",
  title =        "Automating Relational Operations on Data Structures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "53--60",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Relational extensions to some popular languages will
                 let programmers describe data structures of their own
                 design at a high level, leaving implementation details
                 to an optimizing compiler. This approach encourages
                 experimentation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "USC Information Sciences Inst",
  affiliationaddress = "Marina del Rey, CA, USA",
  classification = "723.1.1; 723.2",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer programming languages; Data structures;
                 Program compilers; Relational operations; Software
                 engineering",
}

@Article{Prieto-Diaz:1993:SRS,
  author =       "Ruben Prieto-Diaz",
  title =        "Status Report: Software Reusability",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61--66",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The problem is not a lack of software reuse, but a
                 lack of systematic reuse. Industry will achieve big
                 payoffs only if this can be changed. This article
                 assesses where reuse technology stands.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Reuse Inc",
  affiliationaddress = "Fairfax, VA, USA",
  classification = "723.5",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Software engineering; Software
                 reusability",
}

@Article{Pfleeger:1993:LLB,
  author =       "Shari Lawrence Pfleeger",
  title =        "Lessons Learned in Building a Corporate Metrics
                 Program",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "67--74",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A metrics program to address corporate needs should
                 include linking metrics to process maturity, a
                 tools-evaluation database, and the use of
                 multiple-metrics graphs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "City Univ of London",
  classification = "723.5",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Measurements; Software engineering;
                 Software metrics",
}

@Article{Diaz-Herrera:1993:ISS,
  author =       "Jorge L. Diaz-Herrera",
  title =        "The Importance of Static Structures in Software
                 Construction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75--87",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 07:35:26 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The packaging of a system's functions, its static
                 structure, is often considered only at the end of the
                 design. Hierarchical Modular Diagrams offer a way to
                 specify the problem in a graphical syntax that is
                 language independent, so you can give this structure
                 the attention it deserves.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Carnegie Mellon Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "723.2; 723.5",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Software",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Data structures; Software
                 construction; Software engineering; Software
                 synthesis",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:UED,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Usability Engineering in Dollars and Cents",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:WSC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Why Software Costs So Much",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "90--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:SPR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Software and Privacy: Revising Orwell",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "92--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:BEA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Bootstrap}: {Europe}'s Assessment Method",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "93--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:CPR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Constructing Predictable Real-Time System; Unix for
                 Fortran Programmers; Unix Curses Explained;
                 Internetworking with TCP\slash IP, Volume I:
                 Principles, Protocols, and Architecture; System
                 Performance Tuning; New Media}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "106--111",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:WRP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Where's the Return on Process Improvement",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lai:1993:MMP,
  author =       "Robert Lai",
  title =        "The Move to Mature Processes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "14--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Competitive pressure is pushing and pulling the field
                 to a new level of industrialization. Developers know
                 they must stop improvising and instill some discipline
                 into their processes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Paulk:1993:CMM,
  author =       "Mark C. Paulk and Bill Curtis and Mary Beth Chrissis
                 and Charles V. Weber",
  title =        "Capability Maturity Model, Version 1.1",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "The new version has more consistent wording and should
                 be easier to use. It is based on more than six years of
                 experience with software-process improvement and the
                 contributions of hundreds of reviewers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dion:1993:PIC,
  author =       "Raymond Dion",
  title =        "Process Improvement and the Corporate Balance Sheet",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Since it started a process-improvement initiative in
                 1988, Raytheon's Equipment Division has improved its
                 bottom line, increased productivity, and changed the
                 corporate culture. Much of the savings came from
                 reducing rework.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rugg:1993:UCE,
  author =       "David Rugg",
  title =        "Using a Capability Evaluation to Select a Contractor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "36--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "A government team that used the Software Engineering
                 Institute's Software Capability Evaluation method found
                 that it integrated well with the source-selection
                 process and helped contractors make progress.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aoyama:1993:CPM,
  author =       "Mikio Aoyama",
  title =        "Concurrent-development Process Model",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "46--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "This model lets you develop multiple functions
                 concurrently, from requirements specifications to
                 system test. It has been used to develop a large-scale
                 communication system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dutton:1993:CAP,
  author =       "James E. Dutton",
  title =        "Commonsense Approach to Process Modeling",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "56--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Work based on the SLCSE software-engineering
                 environment offers a part text, part visual notation
                 that makes it easier to define processes. The goal is
                 to create a universal mechanism for reusing process
                 pieces.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stoyenko:1993:EPI,
  author =       "Alexander D. Stoyenko and Wolfgang A. Halang",
  title =        "Extending {Pearl} for Industrial Real-Time
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "High-Integrity Pearl builds on the existing Pearl
                 standard by adding mechanisms to aid the writing of
                 real-time programs, including real-time tasking,
                 structured exception handling, and schedulability
                 analysis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Zage:1993:EDM,
  author =       "Wayne M. Zage and Dolores M. Zage",
  title =        "Evaluating Design Metrics on Large-Scale Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Knowing design stress points early in development
                 saves time and money on redesign. These design metrics,
                 tested in a study of 21 Ada programs, help you identify
                 trouble spots even in large-scale projects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mamrak:1993:BUI,
  author =       "Sandra A. Mamrak and Julie Barnes and Conleth S.
                 O'Connell",
  title =        "The Benefits of Using the {Integrated} {Chameleon}
                 {Architecture} for Data Translation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "82--88",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 06:44:59 1997",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/EDI.bib",
  abstract =     "The Integrated Chameleon Architecture is a software
                 environment for the automatic generation of translators
                 among text formatters. Using ICA is considerably more
                 efficient than hand-coding translators.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:MUP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Maturity From the User's Point of View",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "89--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:NCB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "No Crystal Ball in the Software Industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "91--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:BCE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Battle For Control of Encryption Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "95--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:DCA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Defect Causal Analysis Drives Down Error Rates",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "98--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hsia:1993:LPL,
  author =       "Pei Hsia",
  title =        "Learning to Put Lessons Into Practice",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "14--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "We are so used to the notion that quality must take a
                 back seat to productivity that we continue to put up
                 with practices we know will produce software of lesser
                 quality. Better practices, education, and tools are
                 less important than a change in heart.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Potts:1993:SRR,
  author =       "Colin Potts",
  title =        "Software-engineering Research Revisited",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "19--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Most software-engineering research has been following
                 the research-then-transfer methodology with mixed
                 results. A more practical orientation intertwines
                 research and industry intervention.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Olsen:1993:SRH,
  author =       "Neil C. Olsen",
  title =        "The Software Rush Hour",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "29--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Colorful metaphors like tar pits and werewolves do not
                 help us measure the software crisis. The Change-
                 Management Model views the development process as a
                 dynamically overloaded queue, which can be described
                 mathematically.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weller:1993:LTY,
  author =       "Edward F. Weller",
  title =        "Lessons from Three Years of Inspection Data",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "38--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Metrics from more than 6,000 inspection meetings
                 provide a solid empirical foundation for analyzing
                 issues related to the inspection process.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kajihara:1993:LB,
  author =       "Juichirou Kajihara and Goro Amamiya and Tetsuo Saya",
  title =        "Learning from Bugs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "46--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "NEC's software quality-control program has been active
                 for more than 10 years. It has several fundamental
                 mechanisms that instill quality and teach
                 responsibility on the individual, group, and
                 organizational levels.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lindstrom:1993:FWD,
  author =       "David R. Lindstrom",
  title =        "Five Ways to Destroy a Software Project",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "By not adhering to basic software-engineering and
                 management principles, any project can run aground.
                 This account gives five pitfalls to avoid at all
                 costs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Endres:1993:LLI,
  author =       "Albert Endres",
  title =        "Lessons Learned in an Industrial Software Lab",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "58--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Experience shapes attitudes. Sharing common
                 experiences increases the software community's body of
                 empirical knowledge.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bernstein:1993:GDR,
  author =       "Lawrence Bernstein",
  title =        "Get the Design Right!",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "61--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "No single technique can solve all our troubles, but
                 prototyping and frequent end-user interaction may be
                 the best way to get the design right. In this case, I
                 reduced development time by an average of 40 percent.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chusho:1993:WMS,
  author =       "Takeshi Chusho",
  title =        "What Makes Software Tools Successful?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "63--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "An invisible obstacle to the practical use of software
                 tools is a perception gap between users and tool
                 developers --- a gap that neither can overcome alone.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mashayekhi:1993:DCS,
  author =       "Vahid Mashayekhi and Janet M. Drake and Tsai Wei-Tek
                 and John Riedl",
  title =        "Distributed, Collaborative Software Inspection",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "66--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 09 18:27:34 1996",
  abstract =     "An inspection system that supports a structured
                 meeting model lets participants work from separate
                 locations and provides easy-to-maintain on-line
                 inspection material.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:EUI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Examples of Universal Interfaces",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:IOB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Interfaces for the Ordinary and Beyond",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:45 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:SL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Software Lemmingineering",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "79--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 17:09:4