%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "2.09",
%%%     date            = "02 July 2009",
%%%     time            = "15:15:09 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "pods.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "59137 48339 232202 2469008",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography; database systems; Management of
%%%                        Data; Principles of Database Systems (PODS);
%%%                        SIGACT; SIGMOD",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a BibTeX bibliography for the ACM
%%%                        SIGACT-SIGMOD Symposia on Principles of
%%%                        Database Systems (PODS 'xx) (1982--date), and
%%%                        the ACM SIGMOD Conferences on Management of
%%%                        Data (SIGMOD 'xx) (1975--date).  These
%%%                        conferences are generally held together, and in
%%%                        several cases, the SIGMOD 'xx proceedings
%%%                        have been published as an issue of the
%%%                        journal SIGMOD Record.
%%%
%%%                        Version 1.00 of this bibliography covered only
%%%                        the PODS 'xx symposia; at version 2.00,
%%%                        entries for the SIGMOD 'xx conferences were
%%%                        added.
%%%
%%%                        The companion bibliography tods.bib covers
%%%                        the ACM Transactions on Database Systems, and
%%%                        the companion bibliography vldb.bib covers
%%%                        the International Conferences on Very Large
%%%                        Data Bases.
%%%
%%%                        The publisher maintains a World Wide Web site
%%%                        for these conference proceedings at
%%%
%%%                            http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/
%%%
%%%                        with entries for 1985--date.  PDF files with
%%%                        full text of articles are available to
%%%                        qualified subscribers.  All of the papers
%%%                        listed at that Web site are included in this
%%%                        bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        Although all proceedings volumes onward from
%%%                        the first in 1982 are included here, the
%%%                        proceedings contents are not yet available
%%%                        for all years: most of the entries for
%%%                        1975--1984 are still missing.
%%%
%%%                        At version 2.09, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1975 (   1)    1987 (  91)    1999 ( 123)
%%%                             1976 (   2)    1988 (  90)    2000 (  85)
%%%                             1977 (   1)    1989 (  89)    2001 ( 115)
%%%                             1978 (   1)    1990 (  90)    2002 ( 111)
%%%                             1979 (   1)    1991 (  83)    2003 ( 117)
%%%                             1980 (   1)    1992 ( 136)    2004 ( 119)
%%%                             1981 (   0)    1993 ( 123)    2005 (  36)
%%%                             1982 (   4)    1994 ( 117)    2006 (  40)
%%%                             1983 (   3)    1995 ( 142)    2007 (  32)
%%%                             1984 (   6)    1996 (  95)    2008 (  32)
%%%                             1985 (  57)    1997 (  98)    2009 (  31)
%%%                             1986 (  36)    1998 ( 124)
%%%
%%%                             Article:          1
%%%                             InProceedings: 2174
%%%                             Proceedings:     57
%%%
%%%                             Total entries: 2232
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography was initially built from
%%%                        searches in the OCLC Content1st database.
%%%                        Additions were then made from all of the
%%%                        bibliographies in the TeX User Group
%%%                        collection, from bibliographies in the
%%%                        author's personal files, from the IEEE
%%%                        INSPEC CD-ROM database (1989--1995), from
%%%                        the Compendex database, from the American
%%%                        Mathematical Society MathSciNet database,
%%%                        and from the computer science bibliography
%%%                        collection on ftp.ira.uka.de in
%%%                        /pub/bibliography to which many people of
%%%                        have contributed.  The snapshot of this
%%%                        collection was taken on 5-May-1994, and it
%%%                        consists of 441 BibTeX files, 2,672,675
%%%                        lines, 205,289 entries, and 6,375
%%%                        <at>String{} abbreviations, occupying
%%%                        94.8MB of disk space.
%%%
%%%                        Numerous errors in the sources noted above
%%%                        have been corrected.  Spelling has been
%%%                        verified with the UNIX spell and GNU ispell
%%%                        programs using the exception dictionary
%%%                        stored in the companion file with extension
%%%                        .sok.
%%%
%%%                        BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen as
%%%                        name:year:abbrev, where name is the family
%%%                        name of the first author or editor, year is a
%%%                        4-digit number, and abbrev is a 3-letter
%%%                        condensation of important title words.
%%%                        Citation labels were automatically generated
%%%                        by software developed for the BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order, with the help of ``bibsort
%%%                        -byvolume''.  The bibsort utility is available
%%%                        from ftp.math.utah.edu in /pub/tex/bib.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

@Preamble{
    "\hyphenation{
    }"
    # "\ifx \undefined \TM \def \TM {${}^{\sc TM}$} \fi"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-SIGACT-SIGMOD-SYMP-PODS = "ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD Symposium on Principles
                                  of Database Systems"}

@String{j-SIGMOD                = "SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Management of Data)"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Publishers and their addresses:

@String{pub-ACM                 = "ACM Press"}

@String{pub-ACM:adr             = "New York, NY 10036, USA"}

@String{pub-AP                  = "Academic Press"}

@String{pub-AP:adr              = "New York, USA"}

@String{pub-WORLD-SCI           = "World Scientific Publishing Co."}

@String{pub-WORLD-SCI:adr       = "Singapore; Philadelphia, PA, USA; River
                                  Edge, NJ, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries:

@Article{Lin:1976:DRA,
  author =       "C. S. Lin and D. C. P. Smith and J. M. Smith",
  title =        "The Design of a Rotating Associative Array Memory for
                 a Relational Database Management Application",
  journal =      j-SIGACT-SIGMOD-SYMP-PODS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1976",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  note =         "Also published in/as: Proceedings of the First
                 Conference on Very Large Databases, Morgan Kaufman
                 pubs. (Los Altos CA), Kerr (ed.), 1975, pp. 453--455.",
  annote =       "Data analysis in the file control unit.",
}

@InProceedings{Kuck:1982:URD,
  author =       "S. M. Kuck and Y. Sagiv",
  title =        "A Universal Relation Database System Implemented Via
                 the Network Model",
  crossref =     "ACM:1982:PPA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  annote =       "A Subset of a CODASYL implementation is used to
                 provide for universal relations. Lossless joins are
                 related to automatic, mandatory sets. Both schema
                 design and access path optimization is presented.",
}

@InProceedings{Chandra:1983:HCF,
  author =       "A. K. Chandra and D. Harel",
  title =        "{Horn} clauses and the fixpoint query hierarchy",
  crossref =     "ACM:1983:PPS",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  annote =       "on the complexity of answering queries defined by
                 logical rules",
}

@InProceedings{Cosmadakis:1984:FID,
  author =       "S. S. Cosmadakis and P. C. Kanellakis",
  title =        "Functional and Inclusion Dependencies: {A}
                 graph-theoretic Approach",
  crossref =     "ACM:1984:PPT",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  annote =       "Ownership.",
}

@InProceedings{Lehman:1984:KCK,
  author =       "D. Lehman",
  title =        "Knowledge, Common Knowledge, and Related Puzzles",
  crossref =     "ACM:1984:PPT",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Pitelli:1984:IBA,
  author =       "F. Pitelli and H. Garc{\'\i}a-Molina and S. Davidson",
  title =        "Is {Byzantine} Agreement Useful in a Distributed
                 Database System",
  crossref =     "ACM:1984:PPT",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  note =         "Also published in/as: to appear in ACM Transactions on
                 Database Systems 1985.",
}

@InProceedings{Stemple:1984:SVA,
  author =       "D. Stemple and T. Sheard",
  title =        "Specification and Verification of Abstract Database
                 Types",
  crossref =     "ACM:1984:PPT",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  annote =       "All integrity constraints are Schema declarations",
}

@InProceedings{Ozsoyoglu:1985:LPO,
  author =       "Gultekin Ozsoyoglu and Z. Meral Ozsoyoglu and
                 Francisco Mata",
  title =        "A language and a physical organization technique for
                 summary tables",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "3--16",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p3-ozsoyoglu/p3-ozsoyoglu.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p3-ozsoyoglu/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Roussopoulos:1985:DSS,
  author =       "Nick Roussopoulos and Daniel Leifker",
  title =        "Direct spatial search on pictorial databases using
                 packed {R}-trees",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "17--31",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p17-roussopoulos/p17-roussopoulos.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p17-roussopoulos/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Christodoulakis:1985:IAD,
  author =       "S. Christodoulakis",
  title =        "Issues in the architecture of a document archiver
                 using optical disk technology",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "34--50",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p34-christodoulakis/p34-christodoulakis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p34-christodoulakis/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Barbic:1985:TMO,
  author =       "F. Barbic and B. Pernici",
  title =        "Time modeling in office information systems",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "51--62",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p51-barbic/p51-barbic.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p51-barbic/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Faloutsos:1985:SFD,
  author =       "Chris Faloutsos",
  title =        "Signature files: design and performance comparison of
                 some signature extraction methods",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "63--82",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p63-faloutsos/p63-faloutsos.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p63-faloutsos/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Eick:1985:ATK,
  author =       "Christoph F. Eick and Peter C. Lockemann",
  title =        "Acquisition of terminological knowledge using database
                 design techniques",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "84--94",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p84-eick/p84-eick.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p84-eick/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Shin:1985:PRD,
  author =       "D. G. Shin and K. B. Irani",
  title =        "Partitioning a relational database horizontally using
                 a knowledge-based approach",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "95--105",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p95-shin/p95-shin.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p95-shin/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Agrawal:1985:MSC,
  author =       "Rakesh Agrawal and Michael J. Carey and Miron Livny",
  title =        "Models for studying concurrency control performance:
                 alternatives and implications",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "108--121",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p108-agrawal/p108-agrawal.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p108-agrawal/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Robinson:1985:FGP,
  author =       "John T. Robinson",
  title =        "A fast general-purpose hardware synchronization
                 mechanism",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "122--130",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p122-robinson/p122-robinson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p122-robinson/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Agrawal:1985:RAM,
  author =       "Rakesh Agrawal and David J. DeWitt",
  title =        "Recovery architectures for multiprocessor database
                 machines",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "131--145",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p131-agrawal/p131-agrawal.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p131-agrawal/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Batini:1985:DDM,
  author =       "Carlo Batini and Stefano Ceri and Al Hershey and
                 George Gardarin and David Reiner",
  title =        "Database design: methodologies, tools, and
                 environments (panel session)",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "148--150",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p148-batini/p148-batini.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p148-batini/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Hsu:1985:ICM,
  author =       "Arding Hsu and Tomasz Imielinski",
  title =        "Integrity checking for multiple updates",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "152--168",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p152-hsu/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kung:1985:VDT,
  author =       "C. H. Kung",
  title =        "On verification of database temporal constraints",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "169--179",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p169-kung/p169-kung.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p169-kung/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kuper:1985:EPL,
  author =       "Gabriel M. Kuper and Moshe Y. Vardi",
  title =        "On the expressive power of the logical data model:
                 preliminary report",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "180--187",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p180-kuper/p180-kuper.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p180-kuper/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Larson:1985:EPH,
  author =       "Per-Ake Larson and M. V. Ramakrishna",
  title =        "External perfect hashing",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "190--200",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p190-larson/p190-larson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p190-larson/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kawagoe:1985:MDH,
  author =       "Kyoji Kawagoe",
  title =        "Modified dynamic hashing",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "201--213",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p201-kawagoe/p201-kawagoe.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p201-kawagoe/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Otoo:1985:MDH,
  author =       "Ekow J. Otoo",
  title =        "A multidimensional digital hashing scheme for files
                 with composite keys",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "214--229",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p214-otoo/p214-otoo.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p214-otoo/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Sibley:1985:PDM,
  author =       "Edgar H. Sibley and Matthias Jarke and Cecil S. McMinn
                 and John Murray and Randall Rustin and Ken Sloan",
  title =        "Pragmatics of database management (panel session)",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "232--234",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p232-sibley/p232-sibley.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p232-sibley/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Snodgrass:1985:TTD,
  author =       "Richard Snodgrass and Ilsoo Ahn",
  title =        "A taxonomy of time databases",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "236--246",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p236-snodgrass/p236-snodgrass.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p236-snodgrass/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Clifford:1985:AHR,
  author =       "James Clifford and Abdullah Uz Tansel",
  title =        "On an algebra for historical relational databases: two
                 views",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "247--265",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p247-clifford/p247-clifford.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p247-clifford/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Copeland:1985:DSM,
  author =       "George P. Copeland and Setrag N. Khoshafian",
  title =        "A decomposition storage model",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "268--279",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p268-copeland/p268-copeland.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p268-copeland/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Yu:1985:AIS,
  author =       "C. T. Yu and C. H. Chen",
  title =        "Adaptive information system design: one query at a
                 time",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "280--290",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p280-yu/p280-yu.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p280-yu/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Beckley:1985:MRK,
  author =       "D. A. Beckley and M. W. Evens and V. K. Raman",
  title =        "Multikey retrieval from {K-d} trees and {QUAD-trees}",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "291--301",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p291-beckley/p291-beckley.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p291-beckley/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Christodoulakis:1985:MDM,
  author =       "Starvos Christodoulakis and D. Badal and A. Cardenas
                 and P. Mantey and F. Tompa and D. Tsichritzis",
  title =        "Multimedia database management (panel session)",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "304--305",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p304-christodoulakis/p304-christodoulakis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p304-christodoulakis/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Fushimi:1985:APE,
  author =       "Shinya Fushimi and Masaru Kitsuregawa and Masaya
                 Nakayama and Hidehiko Tanaka and Tohru Moto-oka",
  title =        "Algorithm and performance evaluation of adaptive
                 multidimensional clustering technique",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "308--318",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p308-fushimi/p308-fushimi.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p308-fushimi/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kamel:1985:MDD,
  author =       "Nabil Kamel and Roger King",
  title =        "A model of data distribution based on texture
                 analysis",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "319--325",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p319-kamel/p319-kamel.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p319-kamel/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Goldman:1985:IIS,
  author =       "Kenneth J. Goldman and Sally A. Goldman and Paris C.
                 Kanellakis and Stanley B. Zdonik",
  title =        "{ISIS}: interface for a semantic information system",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "328--342",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p328-goldman/p328-goldman.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p328-goldman/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Vossen:1985:HLU,
  author =       "Gottfried Vossen and Volkert Brosda",
  title =        "A high-level user interface for update and retrieval
                 in relational databases--language aspects",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "343--353",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p343-vossen/p343-vossen.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p343-vossen/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Demo:1985:ACD,
  author =       "G. Barbara Demo and Sukhamay Kundu",
  title =        "Analysis of the context dependency of {CODASYL}
                 find-statements with application to a database program
                 conversion",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "354--361",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p354-demo/p354-demo.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p354-demo/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Acharya:1985:TRP,
  author =       "Shridhar Acharya and Gael Buckley",
  title =        "Transaction restarts in {Prolog} database systems",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "364--373",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p364-acharya/p364-acharya.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p364-acharya/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Page:1985:GDD,
  author =       "Thomas W. Page and Matthew J. Weinstein and Gerald J.
                 Popek",
  title =        "Genesis: a distributed database operating system",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "374--387",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p374-page/p374-page.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p374-page/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Klahold:1985:TMS,
  author =       "P. Klahold and G. Schlageter and R. Unland and W.
                 Wilkes",
  title =        "A transaction model supporting complex applications in
                 integrated information systems",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "388--401",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p388-klahold/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Sinha:1985:TBC,
  author =       "Mukul K. Sinha and P. D. Nandikar and S. L.
                 Mehndiratta",
  title =        "Timestamp based certification schemes for transactions
                 in distributed database systems",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "402--411",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p402-sinha/p402-sinha.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p402-sinha/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kerschberg:1985:EDS,
  author =       "Larry Kerschberg and Michael Brodie and Charles
                 Kellogg and D. Stott Parker and Gio Wiederhold and
                 Carlo Zaniolo",
  title =        "Expert database systems (workshop review)",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "414--417",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p414-kerschberg/p414-kerschberg.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p414-kerschberg/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bhargava:1985:RDD,
  author =       "Bharat Bhargava",
  title =        "Reliability in distributed database systems (panel
                 discussion)",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "420--422",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p420-bhargava/p420-bhargava.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p420-bhargava/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Sellis:1985:OED,
  author =       "Timos K. Sellis and Leonard Shapiro",
  title =        "Optimization of extended database query languages",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "424--436",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p424-sellis/p424-sellis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p424-sellis/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Gray:1985:EPA,
  author =       "P. M. D. Gray",
  title =        "Efficient {Prolog} access to {CODAYSL} and {FDM}
                 databases",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "437--443",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p437-gray/p437-gray.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p437-gray/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Blain:1985:MPC,
  author =       "Tomas Blain and Michael Dohler and Ralph Michaelis and
                 Emran Qureshi",
  title =        "Managing the printed circuit board design process",
  crossref =     "Navathe:1985:PAS",
  pages =        "447--456",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/318898/p447-blain/p447-blain.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/318898/p447-blain/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Abiteboul:1985:TIC,
  author =       "S. Abiteboul and V. Vianu",
  title =        "Transactions and Integrity Constraints",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Atzeni:1985:EQA,
  author =       "P. Atzeni and E. P. F. Chan",
  title =        "Efficient Query Answering in the Representative
                 Instance Approach",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Ausiello:1985:CPG,
  author =       "G. Ausiello and A. D'Atri",
  title =        "Chordality Properties on Graphs and Minimal Conceptual
                 Connections in Semantic Data Models",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Bancilhon:1985:AVP,
  author =       "F. Bancilhon and M. Spyratos",
  title =        "Algebraic Versus Probabilistic Independence in Data
                 Bases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Casanova:1985:CLR,
  author =       "M. A. Casanova and A. V. Moura and L. Tucherman",
  title =        "On the Correctness of a Local Recovery Subsystem",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Cosmadakis:1985:PSR,
  author =       "S. S. Cosmadakis and P. C. Kanellakis and N.
                 Spyratos",
  title =        "Partition Semantics for Relations",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{GarciaMolina:1985:EEC,
  author =       "H. Garc{\'\i}a-Molina and J. Kent",
  title =        "An Experimental Evaluation of Crash Recovery
                 Mechanism",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Gyssens:1985:EJD,
  author =       "Marc Gyssens",
  title =        "Embedded Join Dependencies as a Tool for Decomposing
                 Full Join Dependencies",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Keller:1985:ATV,
  author =       "A. M. Keller",
  title =        "Algorithms for Translating View Updates to Database
                 Updates for Views Involving Selections, Projections,
                 and Joins",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Mannila:1985:SAR,
  author =       "H. Mannila and K-J. Raiha",
  title =        "Small {Armstrong} Relations for Database Design",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Page:1985:DDM,
  author =       "T. W. {Page, Jr.} and G. J. Popek",
  title =        "Distributed Data Management in Local Area Networks",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Sagiv:1985:COB,
  author =       "Yehoshua Sagiv",
  title =        "Concurrent Operations on {B}*-Trees with Overtaking",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Sagiv:1985:CRP,
  author =       "Yehoshua Sagiv",
  title =        "On Computing Restricted Projections of Representative
                 Instances",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Skeen:1985:EFA,
  author =       "D. Skeen and F. Cristian and A. ElAbbadi",
  title =        "An Efficient Fault-Tolerant Algorithm for Replicated
                 Data Management",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Stein:1985:RUS,
  author =       "J. Stein and D. Maier",
  title =        "Relaxing the Universal Scheme Assumption",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Vardi:1985:QLD,
  author =       "Moshe Vardi",
  title =        "Querying Logical Databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Yannakakis:1985:CRC,
  author =       "Mihalis Yannakakis and C. H. Papadimitriou",
  title =        "The Complexity of Reliable Concurrency Control",
  crossref =     "ACM:1985:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Bancilhon:1986:MSO,
  author =       "Fran{\c{c}}ois Bancilhon and David Maier and Yehoshua
                 Sagiv and Jeffrey D. Ullman",
  title =        "Magic sets and other strange ways to implement logic
                 programs (extended abstract)",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "1--15",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p1-bancilhon/p1-bancilhon.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p1-bancilhon/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; performance; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf I.2.2} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Automatic Programming, Program
                 transformation. {\bf I.2.3} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and Theorem Proving,
                 Logic programming. {\bf I.2.4} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Knowledge Representation
                 Formalisms and Methods, Representations (procedural and
                 rule-based). {\bf I.2.4} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Knowledge Representation
                 Formalisms and Methods, Predicate logic. {\bf I.2.5}
                 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
                 Programming Languages and Software, Prolog. {\bf H.2.3}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages,
                 Query languages. {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems, Query processing. {\bf
                 H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design.",
}

@InProceedings{Sacca:1986:ISC,
  author =       "Domenico Sacc{\`a} and Carlo Zaniolo",
  title =        "On the implementation of a simple class of logic
                 queries for databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "16--23",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p16-sacca/p16-sacca.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p16-sacca/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; performance; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.3} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Languages, Query languages. {\bf F.4.1} Theory of
                 Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES,
                 Mathematical Logic, Logic and constraint programming.
                 {\bf I.2.4} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Knowledge Representation Formalisms and
                 Methods, Predicate logic. {\bf E.1} Data, DATA
                 STRUCTURES, Graphs and networks. {\bf I.2.3} Computing
                 Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and
                 Theorem Proving, Answer/reason extraction. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design.",
}

@InProceedings{Afrati:1986:CSQ,
  author =       "Foto Afrati and Christos Papadimitriou and George
                 Papageorgiou and Athena Roussou and Yehoshua Sagiv and
                 Jeffrey D. Ullman",
  title =        "Convergence of sideways query evaluation",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "24--30",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p24-afrati/p24-afrati.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p24-afrati/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p24-afrati/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.3} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Languages, Query languages. {\bf H.2.1} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Data
                 models. {\bf G.2.2} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE
                 MATHEMATICS, Graph Theory, Graph algorithms. {\bf
                 F.4.3} Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND
                 FORMAL LANGUAGES, Formal Languages, Classes defined by
                 grammars or automata.",
}

@InProceedings{Weikum:1986:TFM,
  author =       "Gerhard Weikum",
  title =        "A theoretical foundation of multi-level concurrency
                 control",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "31--43",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p31-weikum/p31-weikum.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p31-weikum/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p31-weikum/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Transaction processing. {\bf D.4.1} Software,
                 OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process Management, Concurrency.
                 {\bf D.4.1} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process
                 Management, Scheduling. {\bf D.4.1} Software, OPERATING
                 SYSTEMS, Process Management, Deadlocks.",
}

@InProceedings{Hadzilacos:1986:DCT,
  author =       "Thanasis Hadzilacos and Mihalis Yannakakis",
  title =        "Deleting completed transactions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "43--46",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p43-hadzilacos/p43-hadzilacos.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p43-hadzilacos/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p43-hadzilacos/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "design; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf D.4.1} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process
                 Management, Concurrency. {\bf D.4.1} Software,
                 OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process Management, Deadlocks. {\bf
                 D.4.1} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process Management,
                 Scheduling. {\bf G.2.2} Mathematics of Computing,
                 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, Graph Theory, Graph algorithms.
                 {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models.",
}

@InProceedings{Su:1986:SNT,
  author =       "Jianwen Su",
  title =        "Safety of non-well-locked transaction systems",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "47--52",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:39:01 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p47-su/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; performance; security; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Transaction processing. {\bf D.4.1} Software,
                 OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process Management, Concurrency.
                 {\bf D.4.1} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process
                 Management, Deadlocks. {\bf D.4.1} Software, OPERATING
                 SYSTEMS, Process Management, Scheduling. {\bf H.2.2}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Physical
                 Design, Access methods. {\bf H.2.1} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Data
                 models.",
}

@InProceedings{Su:1986:SNW,
  author =       "Jianwen Su",
  title =        "Safety of non-well-locked transaction systems",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "47--52",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p47-su/p47-su.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p47-su/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bancilhon:1986:CCO,
  author =       "Fran{\c{c}}ois Bancilhon and Setrag Khoshafian",
  title =        "A calculus for complex objects",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "53--60",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p53-bancilhon/p53-bancilhon.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p53-bancilhon/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p53-bancilhon/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "design; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models. {\bf H.2.1} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Normal
                 forms. {\bf G.2.2} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE
                 MATHEMATICS, Graph Theory, Graph algorithms. {\bf
                 F.2.2} Theory of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
                 AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY, Nonnumerical Algorithms and
                 Problems, Computations on discrete structures. {\bf
                 F.2.1} Theory of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
                 AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY, Numerical Algorithms and
                 Problems, Number-theoretic computations.",
}

@InProceedings{Gucht:1986:SCM,
  author =       "Dirk Van Gucht and Patrick C. Fischer",
  title =        "Some classes of multilevel relational structures",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "60--69",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p60-van_gucht/p60-van_gucht.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p60-van_gucht/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{VanGucht:1986:SCM,
  author =       "Dirk {Van Gucht} and Patrick C. Fischer",
  title =        "Some classes of multilevel relational structures",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "60--69",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:39:01 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p60-van_gucht/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models. {\bf H.2.1} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Normal
                 forms. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE
                 MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf
                 F.2.1} Theory of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
                 AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY, Numerical Algorithms and
                 Problems, Number-theoretic computations.",
}

@InProceedings{Gadia:1986:WTR,
  author =       "Shashi K. Gadia",
  title =        "Weak temporal relations",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "70--77",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p70-gadia/p70-gadia.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p70-gadia/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p70-gadia/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "design; languages; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models. {\bf F.2.1} Theory of
                 Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM
                 COMPLEXITY, Numerical Algorithms and Problems,
                 Number-theoretic computations. {\bf D.3.1} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions and Theory,
                 Semantics. {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE
                 MANAGEMENT, Systems, Query processing.",
}

@InProceedings{Olken:1986:RDM,
  author =       "Frank Olken and Doron Rotem",
  title =        "Rearranging data to maximize the efficiency of
                 compression",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "78--90",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p78-olken/p78-olken.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p78-olken/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p78-olken/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; economics; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf E.4} Data, CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY, Data
                 compaction and compression. {\bf H.3.2} Information
                 Systems, INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, Information
                 Storage, File organization. {\bf H.2.1} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Data
                 models.",
}

@InProceedings{Robinson:1986:OPL,
  author =       "John T. Robinson",
  title =        "Order preserving linear hashing using dynamic key
                 statistics",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "91--99",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p91-robinson/p91-robinson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p91-robinson/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p91-robinson/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; experimentation; measurement;
                 performance; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.2} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Physical Design, Access methods. {\bf E.2} Data, DATA
                 STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS, Hash-table representations.
                 {\bf E.5} Data, FILES, Organization/structure. {\bf
                 D.4.3} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, File Systems
                 Management, Access methods.",
}

@InProceedings{Otoo:1986:BME,
  author =       "Ekow J. Otoo",
  title =        "Balanced multidimensional extendible hash tree",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "100--113",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p100-otoo/p100-otoo.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p100-otoo/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p100-otoo/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; experimentation; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf E.2} Data, DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS,
                 Hash-table representations. {\bf E.1} Data, DATA
                 STRUCTURES, Trees. {\bf E.5} Data, FILES,
                 Organization/structure. {\bf E.1} Data, DATA
                 STRUCTURES, Arrays. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Schema and
                 subschema. {\bf H.2.7} Information Systems, DATABASE
                 MANAGEMENT, Database Administration, Data
                 dictionary/directory. {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems, Query processing. {\bf
                 F.2.2} Theory of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
                 AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY, Nonnumerical Algorithms and
                 Problems, Sorting and searching. {\bf D.4.3} Software,
                 OPERATING SYSTEMS, File Systems Management, Access
                 methods.",
}

@InProceedings{Naqvi:1986:NFF,
  author =       "Shamim A. Naqvi",
  title =        "Negation as failure for first-order queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "114--122",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p114-naqvi/p114-naqvi.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p114-naqvi/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p114-naqvi/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "economics; languages; performance; reliability;
                 theory",
  subject =      "{\bf I.2.5} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Programming Languages and Software,
                 Prolog. {\bf H.2.3} Information Systems, DATABASE
                 MANAGEMENT, Languages, Query languages. {\bf F.4.1}
                 Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL
                 LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Logic and constraint
                 programming. {\bf I.2.4} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Knowledge Representation
                 Formalisms and Methods, Predicate logic. {\bf F.4.3}
                 Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL
                 LANGUAGES, Formal Languages, Classes defined by
                 grammars or automata.",
}

@InProceedings{Bidoit:1986:PVM,
  author =       "Nicole Bidoit and Richard Hull",
  title =        "Positivism vs. minimalism in deductive databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "123--132",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p123-bidoit/p123-bidoit.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p123-bidoit/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p123-bidoit/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages; performance; reliability; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf I.2.3} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and Theorem Proving, Deduction.
                 {\bf H.1.m} Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf I.2.3} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and Theorem Proving,
                 Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision. {\bf I.2.4}
                 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
                 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods,
                 Predicate logic. {\bf D.3.1} Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions and Theory, Semantics.
                 {\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
                 AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Logic and
                 constraint programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Gelfond:1986:ECW,
  author =       "M. Gelfond and H. Przymusinska and T. Przymusinski",
  title =        "The extended closed world assumption and its
                 relationship to parallel circumscription",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "133--139",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p133-gelfond/p133-gelfond.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p133-gelfond/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p133-gelfond/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages; performance; reliability; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf I.2.4} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Knowledge Representation Formalisms and
                 Methods, Predicate logic. {\bf I.2.3} Computing
                 Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and
                 Theorem Proving, Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief
                 revision. {\bf H.1.m} Information Systems, MODELS AND
                 PRINCIPLES, Miscellaneous. {\bf F.4.1} Theory of
                 Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES,
                 Mathematical Logic, Computational logic.",
}

@InProceedings{Chan:1986:PCC,
  author =       "E. P. F. Chan and Paolo Atzeni",
  title =        "On the properties and characterization of
                 connection-trap-free schemes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "140--147",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p140-chan/p140-chan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p140-chan/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p140-chan/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; languages; performance; theory;
                 verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf H.2.4}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems,
                 Query processing. {\bf H.3.3} Information Systems,
                 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, Information Search
                 and Retrieval, Retrieval models. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design, Data models.",
}

@InProceedings{Biskup:1986:OFA,
  author =       "H. Biskup and L. Schnetgoke",
  title =        "One flavor assumption and gamma-acyclicity for
                 universal relation views",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "148--159",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p148-biskup/p148-biskup.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p148-biskup/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p148-biskup/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "design; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf H.2.4}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems,
                 Query processing. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Data models.",
}

@InProceedings{Sagiv:1986:ESQ,
  author =       "Yehoshua Sagiv and Oded Shmueli",
  title =        "The equivalence of solving queries and producing tree
                 projections (extended abstract)",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "160--172",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p160-sagiv/p160-sagiv.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p160-sagiv/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p160-sagiv/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf H.2.4}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems,
                 Query processing.",
}

@InProceedings{Sagiv:1986:FFA,
  author =       "Yehoshua Sagiv",
  title =        "On finite {FD}-acyclicity",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "173--182",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 07 06:29:03 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p173-sagiv/p173-sagiv.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p173-sagiv/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p173-sagiv/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Ozsoyoglu:1986:UFM,
  author =       "Meral Ozsoyoglu and Li Yan Yuan",
  title =        "Unifying functional and multivalued dependencies for
                 relational database design",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "183--190",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p183-ozsoyoglu/p183-ozsoyoglu.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p183-ozsoyoglu/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p183-ozsoyoglu/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Ruland:1986:AAD,
  author =       "Detlev Ruland and Dietmar Seipel",
  title =        "Alpha-acyclic decompositions of relational database
                 schemes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "191--201",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p191-ruland/p191-ruland.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p191-ruland/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ruland:1986:ADR,
  author =       "Detlev Ruland and Dietmar Seipel",
  title =        "Alpha-acyclic decompositions of relational database
                 schemes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "191--201",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:39:01 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p191-ruland/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design, Normal forms. {\bf G.2.2} Mathematics of
                 Computing, DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, Graph Theory, Graph
                 algorithms.",
}

@InProceedings{Graham:1986:CTM,
  author =       "Marc H. Graham and Ke Wang",
  title =        "Constant time maintenance or the triumph of the
                 {FD.}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "202--216",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p202-graham/p202-graham.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p202-graham/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p202-graham/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design, Normal forms.",
}

@InProceedings{Mannila:1986:TDR,
  author =       "Heikki Mannila and Kari Jouko Raiha",
  title =        "Test data for relational queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "217--223",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p217-mannila/p217-mannila.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p217-mannila/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p217-mannila/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.3} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Languages, Query languages. {\bf H.3.3} Information
                 Systems, INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, Information
                 Search and Retrieval, Query formulation. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf D.2.5} Software,
                 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Testing and Debugging, Testing
                 tools (e.g., data generators, coverage testing).",
}

@InProceedings{Wilkins:1986:MAU,
  author =       "Marianne Winslett Wilkins",
  title =        "A model-theoretic approach to updating logical
                 databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "224--234",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:39:01 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p224-wilkins/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; economics; languages; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models. {\bf H.2.3} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages, Data
                 manipulation languages (DML). {\bf I.2.3} Computing
                 Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and
                 Theorem Proving, Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief
                 revision. {\bf H.1.m} Information Systems, MODELS AND
                 PRINCIPLES, Miscellaneous. {\bf E.1} Data, DATA
                 STRUCTURES. {\bf D.3.1} Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions and Theory, Semantics.
                 {\bf I.2.4} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Knowledge Representation Formalisms and
                 Methods, Predicate logic.",
}

@InProceedings{Wilkins:1986:MTA,
  author =       "Marianne Winslett Wilkins",
  title =        "A model-theoretic approach to updating logical
                 databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "224--234",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p224-wilkins/p224-wilkins.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p224-wilkins/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Abiteboul:1986:DPT,
  author =       "Serge Abiteboul and Victor Vianu",
  title =        "Deciding properties of transactional schemas",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "235--239",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p235-abiteboul/p235-abiteboul.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p235-abiteboul/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p235-abiteboul/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; languages; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf H.2.4}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems,
                 Transaction processing. {\bf H.2.1} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Data
                 models. {\bf H.1.m} Information Systems, MODELS AND
                 PRINCIPLES, Miscellaneous. {\bf F.3.1} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS,
                 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs,
                 Specification techniques.",
}

@InProceedings{Abbadi:1986:APR,
  author =       "Amr El Abbadi and Sam Toueg",
  title =        "Availability in partitioned replicated databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "240--251",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p240-el_abbadi/p240-el_abbadi.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p240-el_abbadi/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p240-el_abbadi/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; reliability; theory;
                 verification",
  subject =      "{\bf C.2.4} Computer Systems Organization,
                 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, Distributed Systems,
                 Distributed databases. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Data models. {\bf
                 H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Transaction processing. {\bf C.2.2} Computer
                 Systems Organization, COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS,
                 Network Protocols, Protocol architecture. {\bf D.4.1}
                 Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process Management,
                 Concurrency. {\bf D.4.6} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS,
                 Security and Protection, Access controls. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design, Data models. {\bf C.4} Computer Systems
                 Organization, PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS, Reliability,
                 availability, and serviceability.",
}

@InProceedings{Vardi:1986:IDI,
  author =       "Moshe Vardi",
  title =        "On the integrity of databases with incomplete
                 information",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "252--266",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p252-vardi/p252-vardi.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p252-vardi/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p252-vardi/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; languages; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.0} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 General, Security, integrity, and protection**. {\bf
                 H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models. {\bf H.1.m} Information
                 Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, Miscellaneous. {\bf
                 I.2.3} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and Theorem Proving,
                 Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design, Schema and subschema. {\bf F.1.3} Theory of
                 Computation, COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES,
                 Complexity Measures and Classes, Relations among
                 complexity classes.",
}

@InProceedings{Naughton:1986:DIR,
  author =       "Jeff Naughton",
  title =        "Data independent recursion in deductive databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "267--279",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p267-naughton/p267-naughton.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p267-naughton/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p267-naughton/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf I.2.4} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Knowledge Representation Formalisms and
                 Methods, Predicate logic. {\bf I.2.3} Computing
                 Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and
                 Theorem Proving, Deduction. {\bf H.2.3} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages, Query
                 languages. {\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation,
                 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical
                 Logic, Recursive function theory. {\bf G.2.2}
                 Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, Graph
                 Theory, Graph algorithms.",
}

@InProceedings{Cosmadakis:1986:PER,
  author =       "S. Cosmadakis and P. Kanellakis",
  title =        "Parallel evaluation of recursive rule queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "280--293",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:35 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/6012/p280-cosmadakis/p280-cosmadakis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p280-cosmadakis/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/6012/p280-cosmadakis/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.3} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Languages, Query languages. {\bf H.2.1} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design. {\bf
                 D.2.8} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Metrics,
                 Complexity measures. {\bf H.1.m} Information Systems,
                 MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, Miscellaneous. {\bf F.4.1}
                 Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL
                 LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Recursive function
                 theory. {\bf F.1.3} Theory of Computation, COMPUTATION
                 BY ABSTRACT DEVICES, Complexity Measures and Classes,
                 Relations among complexity classes. {\bf G.1.0}
                 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General,
                 Parallel algorithms.",
}

@InProceedings{Abiteboul:1986:PTS,
  author =       "S. Abiteboul and V. Vianu",
  title =        "Properties of Transactional Schemas",
  crossref =     "ACM:1986:PPF",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
  annote =       "a study of optimization for insert/delete
                 operations.",
}

@InProceedings{Neff:1987:DBC,
  author =       "R. K. Neff",
  title =        "Data bases, compound objects, and networked
                 workstations: {Beyond} distributed computing
                 {(Abstract)}",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "1--1",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p1-neff/p1-neff.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p1-neff/",
  abstract =     "Requirements for future data base systems are
                 developed from the perspective of the user of a
                 networked workstation who naturally deals with compound
                 objects. Objects considered include full text,
                 diagrams, maps, sound recordings, images from film and
                 video and of art objects, spreadsheets, etc. Searching
                 requirements and strategies over multi-objects are also
                 considered. The context of such data base systems is
                 the library, in its electronic or digital version.
                 Comments are presented with respect to the digital
                 learning environment of the future. Current related
                 projects at Berkeley are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Distributed databases};
                 Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- General (H.3.0); Information Systems ---
                 Information Storage and Retrieval --- Systems and
                 Software (H.3.4): {\bf Information networks}; Hardware
                 --- Input/Output and Data Communications --- General
                 (B.4.0)",
}

@InProceedings{Ullman:1987:DTF,
  author =       "J. D. Ullman",
  title =        "Database theory --- past and future",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "1--10",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:40:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p1-ullman/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.0} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 General.",
}

@InProceedings{Ullman:1987:DTP,
  author =       "J. D. Ullman",
  title =        "Database theory--past and future",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "1--10",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p1-ullman/p1-ullman.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p1-ullman/",
  abstract =     "We briefly sketch the development of the various
                 branches of database theory. One important branch is
                 the theory of relational databases, including such
                 areas as dependency theory, universal-relation theory,
                 and hypergraph theory. A second important branch is the
                 theory of concurrency control and distributed
                 databases. Two other branches have not in the past been
                 given the attention they deserve. One of these is
                 ``logic and databases,'' and the second is
                 ``object-oriented database systems,'' which to my
                 thinking includes systems based on the network or
                 hierarchical data models. Both these areas are going to
                 be more influential in the future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Management; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 General (H.2.0)",
}

@InProceedings{Ingenthron:1987:TDR,
  author =       "Kurt Ingenthron",
  title =        "Thoughts on database research: {A} user perspective",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "2--2",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p2-ingenthron/p2-ingenthron.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p2-ingenthron/",
  abstract =     "The future of computer aided design is in object
                 oriented programming. If the database community hopes
                 to participate in this future, it must reexamine some
                 basic assumptions about the architecture of database
                 systems. Database system functionality can be added to
                 object systems but if the performance cost is too high,
                 it will never survive. Below are some suggestions for
                 what can be done at a reasonable performance cost.
                 \par

                 The object oriented paradigm provides a more practical
                 approach to the partitioning of the global database
                 than horizontal and vertical partitioning of relational
                 tables. Each partition should itself be an independent
                 database containing related data such as the geometry
                 of a part or the spacial relationship of parts in an
                 assembly. A meta-database would be used to control
                 access to collections of these partitions. A collection
                 of partitions comprise the database for a user's design
                 session. \par

                 The overhead of traditional database transaction
                 management is not acceptable for high performance CAD
                 systems. With the partitioning scheme described above,
                 transaction management can be performed at a
                 partition/session granularity. Once the user has
                 composed the collection of partitions, he has a single
                 user database. There is no need for concurrency control
                 or transaction logging except at the meta-database
                 level. This type of transaction management can in fact
                 be more functional than traditional transaction
                 management, allowing for versioning, long transactions,
                 integrity checking and archival. \par

                 Object oriented databases need a message model, not a
                 data model. Any object which responds to the same
                 messages as an object of ``Duck'' class (walk and
                 quack) is, for all intents and purposes, a duck. An
                 attempt to design a data model based on instance
                 variables of an object or based on collections of
                 objects of like class violates the data abstraction
                 facilities of object oriented languages and diminishes
                 their power. An attempt to implement a relational
                 database system with an object oriented language yields
                 a relational database system where you get abstract
                 data types for free. It does not yield an object
                 oriented database system. \par

                 For object oriented queries, the message is the media.
                 A query can be transformed into an execution plan
                 consisting of messages sent to database objects.
                 Optimization decisions can be made by sending messages
                 to referenced objects. Collection classes can be
                 implemented for new access methods with cost and
                 selectivity methods to provide optimization
                 information. In this way, the query language can grow
                 with the application. \par

                 Data representation is an important aspect of object
                 oriented systems. Most object systems are typeless in
                 that all instance variables of an object are object
                 references. For performance sake, object systems should
                 provide enough of a type mechanism to allow simple data
                 items (integers, floats, characters, \ldots{}) to be
                 represented in the form intrinsic to the machine.
                 Methods can then be compiled for access to typed data.
                 \par

                 In conclusion, object systems provide enormous
                 potential for the development of CAD systems.
                 Performance influences the approach taken to an
                 application. WYSIWYG publishing applications were not
                 attempted until performance was adequate. Functionality
                 is what sells CAD systems. Database system
                 functionality can be added to object systems at a
                 reasonable cost.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Transaction processing}; Software
                 --- Operating Systems --- Communications Management
                 (D.4.4): {\bf Message sending}",
}

@InProceedings{Ioannidis:1987:QOS,
  author =       "Yannis E. Ioannidis and Eugene Wong",
  title =        "Query optimization by simulated annealing",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "9--22",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p9-ioannidis/p9-ioannidis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p9-ioannidis/",
  abstract =     "Query optimizers of future database management systems
                 are likely to face large access plan spaces in their
                 task. Exhaustively searching such access plan spaces is
                 unacceptable. We propose a query optimization algorithm
                 based on {\em simulated annealing}, which is a
                 probabilistic hill climbing algorithm. We show the
                 specific formulation of the algorithm for the case of
                 optimizing complex non-recursive queries that arise in
                 the study of linear recursion. The query answer is
                 explicitly represented and manipulated within the {\em
                 closed semiring\/} of linear relational operators. The
                 optimization algorithm is applied to a state space that
                 is constructed from the equivalent algebraic forms of
                 the query answer. A prototype of the simulated
                 annealing algorithm has been built and few experiments
                 have been performed for a limited class of relational
                 operators. Our initial experience is that, in general,
                 the algorithm converges to processing strategies that
                 are very close to the optimal. Moreover, the
                 traditional processing strategies (e.g., the {\em
                 semi-naive evaluation\/}) have been found to be, in
                 general, suboptimal.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
                 {\bf Query formulation}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf
                 Data models}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Physical Design (H.2.2): {\bf Access
                 methods}",
}

@InProceedings{Kuper:1987:LPS,
  author =       "G. M. Kuper",
  title =        "Logic programming with sets",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "11--20",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p11-kuper/p11-kuper.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p11-kuper/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p11-kuper/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design. {\bf F.4.1} Theory
                 of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL
                 LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Logic and constraint
                 programming. {\bf I.2.3} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and Theorem Proving,
                 Logic programming. {\bf F.4.3} Theory of Computation,
                 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Formal
                 Languages, Algebraic language theory.",
}

@InProceedings{Beeri:1987:SNL,
  author =       "C. Beeri and S. Naqvi and R. Ramakrishnan and O.
                 Shmueli and S. Tsur",
  title =        "Sets and negation in a logic data base language
                 {(LDL1)}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "21--37",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p21-beeri/p21-beeri.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p21-beeri/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p21-beeri/",
  abstract =     "In this paper we extend LDL, a Logic Based Database
                 Language, to include finite sets and negation. The new
                 language is called LDL1. We define the notion of a
                 model and show that a negation-free program need not
                 have a model, and that it may have more than one
                 minimal model. We impose syntactic restriction in order
                 to define a deterministic language. These restrictions
                 allow only layered (stratified) programs. We prove that
                 for any program satisfying the syntactic restrictions
                 of layering, there is a minimal model, and that this
                 model can be constructed in a bottom-up fashion.
                 Extensions to the basic grouping mechanism are
                 proposed. We show that these extensions can be
                 translated into equivalent LDL1 programs. Finally, we
                 show how the technique of magic sets can be extended to
                 translate LDL1 programs into equivalent programs which
                 can often be executed more efficiently",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "languages; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications. {\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation,
                 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical
                 Logic, Logic and constraint programming. {\bf I.2.3}
                 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
                 Deduction and Theorem Proving, Logic programming. {\bf
                 D.3.1} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal
                 Definitions and Theory.",
}

@InProceedings{Ganski:1987:ONS,
  author =       "Richard A. Ganski and Harry K. T. Wong",
  title =        "Optimization of nested {SQL} queries revisited",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "23--33",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p23-ganski/p23-ganski.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p23-ganski/",
  abstract =     "Current methods of evaluating nested queries in the
                 SQL language can be inefficient in a variety of query
                 and data base contexts. Previous research in the area
                 of nested query optimization which sought methods of
                 reducing evaluation costs is summarized, including a
                 classification scheme for nested queries, algorithms
                 designed to transform each type of query to a logically
                 equivalent form which may then be evaluated more
                 efficiently, and a description of a major bug in one of
                 these algorithms. Further examination reveals another
                 bug in the same algorithm. Solutions to these bugs are
                 proposed and incorporated into a new transformation
                 algorithm, and extensions are proposed which will allow
                 the transformation algorithms to handle a larger class
                 of predicates. A recursive algorithm for processing a
                 general nested query is presented and the action of
                 this algorithm is demonstrated. This algorithm can be
                 used to transform any nested query.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Languages (H.2.3): {\bf SQL}; Information Systems ---
                 Information Storage and Retrieval --- Information
                 Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Query formulation}",
}

@InProceedings{Abiteboul:1987:RQS,
  author =       "Serge Abiteboul and Paris Kanellakis and Gosta
                 Grahne",
  title =        "On the representation and querying of sets of possible
                 worlds",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "34--48",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p34-abiteboul/p34-abiteboul.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p34-abiteboul/",
  abstract =     "We represent a {\em set of possible worlds\/} using an
                 incomplete information database. The representation
                 techniques that we study form a hierarchy, which
                 generalizes relations of constants. This hierarchy
                 ranges from the very simple Codd-table, (i.e., a
                 relation of constants and distinct variables called
                 nulls, which stand for values present but unknown), to
                 much more complex mechanisms involving views on
                 conditioned-tables, (i.e., queries on Codd-tables
                 together with conditions). The views we consider are
                 the queries that have polynomial data-complexity on
                 complete information databases. Our conditions are
                 conjunctions of equalities and inequalities. \par

                 (1) We provide matching upper and lower bounds on the
                 data-complexity of testing {\em containment}, {\em
                 membership}, and {\em uniqueness\/} for sets of
                 possible worlds and we fully classify these problems
                 with respect to our representation hierarchy. The most
                 surprising result in this classification is that it is
                 complete in $2^p$, whether a set of possible worlds
                 represented by a Codd-table is a subset of a set of
                 possible worlds represented by a Codd-table with one
                 conjunction of inequalities. \par

                 (2) We investigate the data-complexity of querying
                 incomplete information databases. We examine both
                 asking for {\em certain facts\/} and for {\em possible
                 facts}. Our approach is algebraic but our bounds also
                 apply to logical databases. We show that asking for a
                 certain fact is coNP-complete, even for a fixed first
                 order query on a Codd-table. We thus strengthen a lower
                 bound of [16], who showed that this holds for a
                 Codd-table with a conjunction of inequalities. For each
                 fixed positive existential query we present a
                 polynomial algorithm solving the bounded possible fact
                 problem of this query on conditioned-tables. We show
                 that our approach is, in a sense, the best possible, by
                 deriving two NP-completeness lower bounds for the
                 bounded possible fact problem when the fixed query
                 contains either negation or recursion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence --- Deduction
                 and Theorem Proving (I.2.3): {\bf Uncertainty,
                 ``fuzzy,'' and probabilistic reasoning}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence --- Knowledge
                 Representation Formalisms and Methods (I.2.4): {\bf
                 Relation systems}",
}

@InProceedings{Yuan:1987:LDR,
  author =       "L. Y. Yuan and Z. M. Ozsoyoglu",
  title =        "Logical design of relational database schemes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "38--47",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p38-yuan/p38-yuan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p38-yuan/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p38-yuan/",
  abstract =     "We define extended conflict free dependencies in the
                 context of functional and multivalued dependencies, and
                 prove that there exists an acyclic, dependency
                 preserving, 4NF database scheme if and only if the
                 given set of dependencies has an extended conflict free
                 cover. This condition can be checked in polynomial
                 time. A polynomial time algorithm to obtain such a
                 scheme for a given extended conflict free set of
                 dependencies is also presented. The result is also
                 applicable when the data dependencies consists of only
                 functional dependencies, giving the necessary and
                 sufficient condition for an acyclic, dependency
                 preserving BCNF database scheme",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Schema and
                 subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Chan:1987:DDS,
  author =       "E. P. F. Chan and H. J. Hernandez",
  title =        "On designing database schemes bounded or constant-time
                 maintainable with respect to functional dependencies",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "48--57",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p48-chan/p48-chan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p48-chan/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p48-chan/",
  abstract =     "Under the weak instance model, to determine if a class
                 of database schemes is bounded with respect to
                 dependencies is fundamental for the analysis of the
                 behavior of the class of database schemes with respect
                 to query processing and updates. However, proving that
                 a class of database schemes is bounded with respect to
                 dependencies seems to be very difficult even for
                 restricted cases. To resolve this problem, we need to
                 develop techniques for characterizing bounded database
                 schemes \par

                 In this paper, we give a formal methodology for
                 designing database schemes bounded with respect to
                 functional dependencies using a new technique called
                 extensibility. This methodology can also be used to
                 design constant-time-maintainable database schemes",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "design; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Sacca:1987:MCM,
  author =       "Domenico Sacca and Carlo Zaniolo",
  title =        "Magic counting methods",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "49--59",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p49-sacca/p49-sacca.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p49-sacca/",
  abstract =     "{\em The problem considered is that of implementing
                 recursive queries, expressed in a logic-based language,
                 by efficient fixpoint computations. In particular, the
                 situation is studied where the initial bindings in the
                 recursive predicate can be used to restrict the search
                 space and ensure safety of execution. Two key
                 techniques previously proposed to solve this problem
                 are (i) the highly efficient counting method, and (ii)
                 the magic set method which is safe in a wider range of
                 situations than (i). In this paper, we present a family
                 of methods, called the magic counting methods, that
                 combines the advantages of (i) and (ii). This is made
                 possible by the similarity of the strategies used by
                 the counting method and the magic set method for
                 propagating the bindings. This paper introduces these
                 new methods, examines their computational complexity,
                 and illustrates the trade-offs between the family
                 members and their superiority with respect to the old
                 methods}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Languages (H.2.3); Theory of Computation ---
                 Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ---
                 Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf Recursive function
                 theory}; Theory of Computation --- Mathematical Logic
                 and Formal Languages --- Grammars and Other Rewriting
                 Systems (F.4.2); Theory of Computation --- Analysis of
                 Algorithms and Problem Complexity --- Numerical
                 Algorithms and Problems (F.2.1): {\bf Number-theoretic
                 computations}",
}

@InProceedings{Gottlob:1987:CCE,
  author =       "G. Gottlob",
  title =        "Computing covers for embedded functional
                 dependencies",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "58--69",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p58-gottlob/p58-gottlob.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p58-gottlob/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p58-gottlob/",
  abstract =     "This paper deals with the problem of computing covers
                 for the functional dependencies embedded in a subset of
                 a given relation schema. We show how this problem can
                 be simplified and present a new and efficient algorithm
                 ``Reduction. By Resolution'' (RBR) for its solution.
                 Though the problem of computing covers for embedded
                 dependencies is inherently exponential, our algorithm
                 behaves polynomially for several classes of inputs. RBR
                 can be used for the solution of some related problems
                 in the theory of database design, such as deciding
                 whether a given database scheme is in Boyce-Codd Normal
                 Form or decomposing a scheme into Boyce-Codd Normal
                 Form.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Aly:1987:NDM,
  author =       "Hussien Aly and Z. Meral Ozsoyoglu",
  title =        "Non-deterministic modelling of logical queries in
                 deductive databases",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "60--72",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p60-aly/p60-aly.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p60-aly/",
  abstract =     "We propose a technique based on Petri Nets formalism
                 to model logic queries in deductive databases. The
                 model is called PNLP (Petri Net model for Logic
                 Programs), and it has a simple formal description and a
                 graphical representation. The PNLP model explicitly
                 represents the relationships between rules and
                 predicates. It is general and flexible enough to
                 demonstrate the flow of control in different algorithms
                 used to evaluate recursive logic queries. In fact the
                 model unifies the level of description of these
                 algorithms, and facilitates identifying similarities
                 and differences between them. The inherent
                 non-determinism in the PNLP model may also be useful in
                 recognizing the parallelism within Horn-clause logic
                 programs. In this paper, the PNLP model is described,
                 and its functionality is demonstrated by modeling
                 several existing algorithms for recursive query
                 evaluation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}; Theory of
                 Computation --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
                 --- Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf Logic and
                 constraint programming}; Mathematics of Computing ---
                 Discrete Mathematics --- Graph Theory (G.2.2): {\bf
                 Network problems}; Theory of Computation ---
                 Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ---
                 Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf Recursive function
                 theory}",
}

@InProceedings{DAtri:1987:DQI,
  author =       "A. D'Atri and P. Di Felice and M. Moscarini",
  title =        "Dynamic query interpretation in relational databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "70--78",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p70-d_atri/p70-d_atri.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p70-d_atri/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p70-d_atri/",
  abstract =     "A new dynamic approach to the problem of determining
                 the correct interpretation of a logically independent
                 query to a relational database is described. The
                 proposed disambiguating process is based on a simple
                 user-system dialogue that consists in a sequence of
                 decisions about the relevance (or not) of an attribute
                 with respect to the user interpretation",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Management; Theory",
  keywords =     "design; management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems, Query processing. {\bf
                 H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Schema and subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Han:1987:HRP,
  author =       "Jiawei Han and Lawrence J. Henschen",
  title =        "Handling redundancy in the processing of recursive
                 database queries",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "73--81",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p73-han/p73-han.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p73-han/",
  abstract =     "Redundancy may exist in the processing of recursive
                 database queries at four different levels
                 precompilation level, iteration level, tuple processing
                 level and file accessing level. Techniques for reducing
                 redundant work at each level are studied. In the
                 precompilation level, the optimization techniques
                 include removing redundant parts in a rule cluster,
                 simplifying recursive clusters and sharing common
                 subexpressions among rules. At the iteration level, the
                 techniques discussed are the use of frontier relations
                 and the counting method. At the tuple processing level,
                 we use merging and filtering methods to exclude
                 processed drivers from database reaccessing. Finally,
                 at the file accessing level, I/O cost can be further
                 reduced by level relaxation. We conclude that even for
                 complex recursion, redundant database processing can be
                 considerably reduced or eliminated by developing
                 appropriate algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Performance; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}; Theory of
                 Computation --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
                 --- Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf Recursive function
                 theory}",
}

@InProceedings{Atzeni:1987:NBW,
  author =       "P. Atzeni and M. C. De Bernardis",
  title =        "A new basis for the weak instance model",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "79--86",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p79-atzeni/p79-atzeni.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p79-atzeni/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p79-atzeni/",
  abstract =     "A new definition of the weak instance model is
                 presented, which does not consider the missing values
                 as existent though unknown, but just assumes that no
                 information is available about them. It is possible to
                 associate with the new definition logical theories that
                 do not contain universally quantified variables. The
                 new model enjoys various desirable properties of the
                 old weak instance model, with respect to dependency
                 satisfaction, query answering, and associated logical
                 theories.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Management; Theory",
  keywords =     "design; management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models.",
}

@InProceedings{Daniels:1987:DLT,
  author =       "Dean S. Daniels and Alfred Z. Spector and Dean S.
                 Thompson",
  title =        "Distributed logging for transaction processing",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "82--96",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p82-daniels/p82-daniels.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p82-daniels/",
  abstract =     "Increased interest in using workstations and small
                 processors for distributed transaction processing
                 raises the question of how to implement the logs needed
                 for transaction recovery. Although logs can be
                 implemented with data written to duplexed disks on each
                 processing node, this paper argues there are advantages
                 if log data is written to multiple {\em log server\/}
                 nodes. A simple analysis of expected logging loads
                 leads to the conclusion that a high performance,
                 microprocessor based processing node can support a log
                 server if it uses efficient communication protocols and
                 low latency, non volatile storage to buffer log data.
                 The buffer is needed to reduce the processing time per
                 log record and to increase throughput to the logging
                 disk. An interface to the log servers using simple,
                 robust, and efficient protocols is presented. Also
                 described are the disk data structures that the log
                 servers use. This paper concludes with a brief
                 discussion of remaining design issues, the status of a
                 prototype implementation, and plans for its
                 completion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4); Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Database Administration (H.2.7): {\bf
                 Logging and recovery}",
}

@InProceedings{Malvestuto:1987:AQC,
  author =       "F. M. Malvestuto",
  title =        "Answering queries in categorical databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "87--96",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p87-malvestuto/p87-malvestuto.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p87-malvestuto/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p87-malvestuto/",
  abstract =     "A compatible categorical data base can be viewed as a
                 single (contingency) table by taking the {\em
                 maximum-entropy\/} extension of the component tables.
                 Such a view, here called {\em universal table model,\/}
                 is needed to answer a user who wishes
                 ``cross-classified'' categorical data, that is,
                 categorical data resulting from the combination of the
                 information contents of two or more base tables. In
                 order to implement a {\em universal table interface\/}
                 we make use of a query-optimization procedure, which is
                 able to generate an appropriate answer both in the case
                 that the asked data are present in the data base and in
                 the case that they are not and, then, have to be
                 estimated",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "design; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Query processing. {\bf H.2.m} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Miscellaneous.",
}

@InProceedings{Herman:1987:DAV,
  author =       "Gary Herman and K. C. Lee and Abel Weinrib",
  title =        "The datacycle architecture for very high throughput
                 database systems",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "97--103",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p97-herman/p97-herman.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p97-herman/",
  abstract =     "{\em The evolutionary trend toward a database-driven
                 public communications network has motivated research
                 into database architectures capable of executing
                 thousands of transactions per second. In this paper we
                 introduce the Datacycle architecture, an attempt to
                 exploit the enormous transmission bandwidth of optical
                 systems to permit the implementation of high throughput
                 multiprocessor database systems. The architecture has
                 the potential for unlimited query throughput,
                 simplified data management, rapid execution of complex
                 queries, and efficient concurrency control. We describe
                 the logical operation of the architecture and discuss
                 implementation issues in the context of a prototype
                 system currently under construction}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Management",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4); Computer Systems Organization ---
                 Computer-Communication Networks --- Network
                 Architecture and Design (C.2.1): {\bf Network
                 communications}; Computer Systems Organization ---
                 Computer-Communication Networks --- Distributed Systems
                 (C.2.4): {\bf Network operating systems}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- General (H.2.0)",
}

@InProceedings{Fekete:1987:NTR,
  author =       "A. Fekete and N. Lynch and M. Merrit and W. Weihl",
  title =        "Nested transactions and read-write locking",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "97--111",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p97-fekete/p97-fekete.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p97-fekete/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p97-fekete/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; management; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Transaction processing.",
}

@InProceedings{Lehman:1987:RAH,
  author =       "Tobin J. Lehman and Michael J. Carey",
  title =        "A recovery algorithm for a high-performance
                 memory-resident database system",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "104--117",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p104-lehman/p104-lehman.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p104-lehman/",
  abstract =     "With memory prices dropping and memory sizes
                 increasing accordingly, a number of researchers are
                 addressing the problem of designing high-performance
                 database systems for managing memory-resident data. In
                 this paper we address the recovery problem in the
                 context of such a system. We argue that existing
                 database recovery schemes fall short of meeting the
                 requirements of such a system, and we present a new
                 recovery mechanism which is designed to overcome their
                 shortcomings. The proposed mechanism takes advantage of
                 a few megabytes of reliable memory in order to organize
                 recovery information on a per ``object'' basis. As a
                 result, it is able to amortize the cost of checkpoints
                 over a controllable number of updates, and it is also
                 able to separate post-crash recovery into two
                 phases--high-speed recovery of data which is needed
                 immediately by transactions, and background recovery of
                 the remaining portions of the database. A simple
                 performance analysis is undertaken, and the results
                 suggest our mechanism should perform well in a
                 high-performance, memory-resident database
                 environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Physical Design (H.2.2); Computer Systems Organization
                 --- Performance of Systems (C.4); Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4)",
}

@InProceedings{Segall:1987:TCA,
  author =       "A. Segall and O. Wolfson",
  title =        "Transaction commitment at minimal communication cost",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "112--118",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:40:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p112-segall/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; management; standardization;
                 theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf C.2.2} Computer Systems Organization,
                 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, Network Protocols.
                 {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Distributed databases. {\bf G.2.2} Mathematics
                 of Computing, DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, Graph Theory,
                 Trees.",
}

@InProceedings{Segall:1987:TCM,
  author =       "A. Segall and O. Wolfson",
  title =        "Transaction commitment at minimal communication cost",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "112--118",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p112-segall/p112-segall.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p112-segall/",
  abstract =     "We consider the communication protocol for transaction
                 commitment in a distributed database. Specifically, the
                 connection between the structure of communication among
                 the participating sites, and the communication network
                 topology is investigated. In order to do so, the cost
                 of transaction commitment is defined as the number of
                 network hops that messages of the protocol must
                 traverse. We establish the necessary cost for
                 transaction commitment, and show that it is also
                 sufficient. A simple distributed algorithm is presented
                 to prove sufficiency. Our algorithm is also
                 time-efficient, and in order to prove that we show that
                 the timing of our algorithm is optimal within a natural
                 class of commit-protocols.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Management; Standardization;
                 Theory; Verification",
  subject =      "Computer Systems Organization ---
                 Computer-Communication Networks --- Network Protocols
                 (C.2.2); Information Systems --- Database Management
                 --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Distributed databases};
                 Mathematics of Computing --- Discrete Mathematics ---
                 Graph Theory (G.2.2): {\bf Trees}",
}

@InProceedings{Nixon:1987:ICS,
  author =       "Brian Nixon and Lawrence Chung and John Mylopoulos and
                 David Lauzon and Alex Borgida and M. Stanley",
  title =        "Implementation of a compiler for a semantic data
                 model: {Experiences} with taxis",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "118--131",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p118-nixon/p118-nixon.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p118-nixon/",
  abstract =     "The features of a compiler for the Taxis design
                 language are described and discussed. Taxis offers an
                 entity-based framework for designing interactive
                 information systems and supports generalisation,
                 classification and aggregation as abstraction
                 mechanisms. Its features include multiple inheritance
                 of attributes, isA hierarchies of transactions,
                 metaclasses, typed attributes, a procedural
                 exception-handling mechanism and an iteration construct
                 based on the abstraction mechanisms supported
                 Developing a compiler for the language involved dealing
                 with the problems of efficiently representing and
                 accessing a large collection of entities, performing
                 (static) type checking and representing isA hierarchies
                 of transactions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Performance; Theory",
  subject =      "Software --- Programming Languages --- Processors
                 (D.3.4): {\bf Compilers}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf
                 Data models}; Software --- Programming Languages ---
                 Language Classifications (D.3.2): {\bf TAXIS}",
}

@InProceedings{Wang:1987:PAM,
  author =       "C. P. Wang and V. O. K. Li",
  title =        "The precedence-assignment model for distributed
                 databases concurrency control algorithms",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "119--128",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p119-wang/p119-wang.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p119-wang/",
  abstract =     "We have developed a unified model, called the
                 precedence-assignment model (PAM), of concurrency
                 control algorithms in distributed database. It is shown
                 that two-phase locking timestamp-ordering and other
                 existing concurrency control algorithms may be modeled
                 by PAM. We have also developed a new concurrency
                 control algorithm under the PAM modeling framework,
                 which is free from deadlocks and transaction restarts.
                 Finally, a unified concurrency control subsystem for
                 precedence-assignment algorithms is developed. By using
                 this subsystem, different transactions may be executed
                 under different concurrency control algorithms
                 simultaneously.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Management; Theory; Verification",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf
                 Distributed databases}",
}

@InProceedings{Wang:1987:PMD,
  author =       "C. P. Wang and V. O. K. Li",
  title =        "The precedence-assignment model for distributed
                 databases concurrency control algorithms",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "119--128",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:40:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p119-wang/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Concurrency. {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems, Distributed databases.",
}

@InProceedings{Hadzilacos:1987:KAA,
  author =       "V. Hadzilacos",
  title =        "A knowledge-theoretic analysis of atomic commitment
                 protocols",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "129--134",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:40:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p129-hadzilacos/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; management; standardization; theory;
                 verification",
  subject =      "{\bf C.2.2} Computer Systems Organization,
                 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, Network Protocols.
                 {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Distributed databases. {\bf G.m} Mathematics
                 of Computing, MISCELLANEOUS.",
}

@InProceedings{Hadzilacos:1987:KTA,
  author =       "V. Hadzilacos",
  title =        "A knowledge-theoretic analysis of atomic commitment
                 protocols",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "129--134",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p129-hadzilacos/p129-hadzilacos.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p129-hadzilacos/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lyngbaek:1987:MSD,
  author =       "Peter Lyngbaek and Victor Vianu",
  title =        "Mapping a semantic database model to the relational
                 model",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "132--142",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p132-lyngbaek/p132-lyngbaek.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p132-lyngbaek/",
  abstract =     "The connection between semantic database models and
                 the relational model is formally investigated using the
                 Iris Data Model, which has been implemented using
                 relational database techniques. The results focus on
                 properties of relational schemas that are translations
                 of Iris schemas. Two new types of constraints,
                 cross-product constraints and multiplicity constraints
                 are introduced to characterize the relational
                 translations of Iris schemas. The connection
                 established between Iris and relational schemas also
                 yields new, unexpected information about Iris schemas.
                 In particular, a notion of equivalence of Iris schemas
                 is defined using their relational translations, and a
                 result is obtained on simplifying the type structure of
                 Iris schemas.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Software ---
                 Software Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques
                 (D.2.2): {\bf IRIS}",
}

@InProceedings{Minker:1987:PDD,
  author =       "J. Minker",
  title =        "Perspectives in deductive databases {(Abstract
                 only)}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "135--136 (or 135--135??)",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p135-minker/p135-minker.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p135-minker/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p135-minker/",
  abstract =     "I will discuss my experiences, some of the work that I
                 have done and related work that influenced me,
                 concerning deductive databases over the last 30 years.
                 It will be convenient to divide this time period into
                 roughly three equal parts, 1957 - 1968, 1969 - 1978,
                 1979 - present. For the first portion I will describe
                 how my interest started in deductive databases in 1957,
                 at a time when not even the field of databases existed
                 I will describe work in the beginning years, leading to
                 the start of deductive databases in about 1968 with the
                 work of Cordell Green and Bertram Raphael. \par

                 The second period saw a great deal of work in theorem
                 proving as well as the introduction of logic
                 programming. The existence and importance of deductive
                 databases as a formal and viable discipline received
                 its impetus at a workshop held in Toulouse, France, in
                 1977, which culminated in the book, Logic and Data
                 Bases. The relationship of deductive databases and
                 logic programming was recognized at that time. During
                 the third and most recent period we have seen formal
                 theories of databases come about as an outgrowth of
                 that work, and the recognition that artificial
                 intelligence and deductive databases are closely
                 related, at least through the so-called expert database
                 systems. I expect that the relationships between
                 techniques from formal logic, databases, logic
                 programming, and artificial intelligence will continue
                 to be explored and the field of deductive databases
                 will become a more prominent area of computer science
                 in coming years.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Management",
  keywords =     "management",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf I.2.1} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Applications and Expert
                 Systems.",
}

@InProceedings{Apt:1987:MSD,
  author =       "K. Apt and J. M. Pugin",
  title =        "Maintenance of stratified databases viewed as a belief
                 revision system",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "136--145",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p136-apt/p136-apt.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p136-apt/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p136-apt/",
  abstract =     "We study here declarative and dynamic aspects of
                 non-monotonic reasoning in the context of deductive
                 databases. More precisely, we consider here maintenance
                 of a special class of indefinite deductive databases,
                 called stratified databases, introduced in Apt, Blair
                 and Walker [ABW] and Van Gelder [VG] in which recursion
                 ``through'' negation is disallowed. \par

                 A stratified database has a natural model associated
                 with it which is selected as its intended meaning. The
                 maintenance problem for these databases is complicated
                 because insertions can lead to deletions and vice
                 versa. \par

                 To solve this problem we make use of the ideas present
                 in the works of Doyle [D] and de Kleer [dK] on belief
                 revision systems. We offer here a number of solutions
                 which differ in the amount of static and dynamic
                 information used and the form of support introduced. We
                 also discuss the implementation issues and the
                 trade-offs involved.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Management; Theory",
  keywords =     "design; management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf I.2.3} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and Theorem Proving,
                 Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision.",
}

@InProceedings{Roth:1987:DRD,
  author =       "Mark A. Roth and Henry F. Korth",
  title =        "The design of {$1$NF} relational databases into nested
                 normal form",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "143--159",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p143-roth/p143-roth.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p143-roth/",
  abstract =     "We develop new algorithms for the design of non first
                 normal form relational databases that are in nested
                 normal form. Previously, a set of given multivalued
                 dependencies and those multivalued dependencies implied
                 by given functional dependencies were used to obtain a
                 nested normal form decomposition of a scheme. This
                 method ignored the semantic distinction between
                 functional and multivalued dependencies and utilized
                 only full multivalued dependencies in the design
                 process. We propose new algorithms which take advantage
                 of this distinction, and use embedded multivalued
                 dependencies to enhance the decomposition. This results
                 in further elimination of redundancy due to functional
                 dependencies in nested normal form designs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Logical Design
                 (H.2.1): {\bf Normal forms}",
}

@InProceedings{Hegner:1987:SIP,
  author =       "S. Hegner",
  title =        "Specification and implementation of programs for
                 updating incomplete information databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "146--158",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p146-hegner/p146-hegner.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p146-hegner/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p146-hegner/",
  abstract =     "The problem of updating incomplete information
                 databases is examined as a programming problem. From
                 this point of view formal denotational semantics are
                 developed for two applicative programming languages,
                 BLU and HLU. BLU is a very simple language with only
                 five primitives, and is designed primarily as a tool
                 for the implementation of higher level languages. The
                 semantics of BLU are formally developed at two levels
                 possible worlds and clausal and the latter is shown to
                 be a correct implementation of the former. HLU is a
                 user level update language. It is defined entirely in
                 terms of BLU, and so immediately inherits its semantic
                 definition from that language. This demonstrates a
                 level of completeness for BLU as a level of primitives
                 for update language implementation. The necessity of a
                 particular BLU primitive, {\em masking}, suggests that
                 there is a high degree of inherent complexity in
                 updating logical databases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Languages; Management; Theory",
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Classifications. {\bf F.3.2} Theory
                 of Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS,
                 Semantics of Programming Languages, Denotational
                 semantics. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems, DATABASE
                 MANAGEMENT, Logical Design, Schema and subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Biliris:1987:OSL,
  author =       "A. Biliris",
  title =        "Operation specific locking in {B}-trees",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "159--169",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p159-biliris/p159-biliris.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p159-biliris/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p159-biliris/",
  abstract =     "B-trees have been used as an access and for both
                 primary and secondary indexing for quite some time.
                 This paper presents a deadlock free locking mechanism
                 in which different processes make use of different lock
                 types in order to reach the leaf nodes. The
                 compatibility relations among locks on a node, do not
                 exclusively depend on their type, but also on the node
                 status and the number and kind of processes acting
                 currently on the node. As a result, a number of
                 insertion or deletion processes can operate
                 concurrently on a node. The paper presents an
                 appropriate recovery strategy in case of failure, and
                 discusses the protocol modifications that are required
                 so it can be used in other similar structures such as B
                 + -trees, compressed B-trees, and R-trees for spatial
                 searching.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Management; Standardization; Theory",
  keywords =     "design; management; standardization; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.2} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Physical Design, Deadlock avoidance. {\bf G.2.2}
                 Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, Graph
                 Theory, Trees. {\bf I.2.8} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Problem Solving, Control
                 Methods, and Search, Graph and tree search
                 strategies.",
}

@InProceedings{Graefe:1987:EOG,
  author =       "Goetz Graefe and David J. DeWitt",
  title =        "The {EXODUS} optimizer generator",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "160--172",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p160-graefe/p160-graefe.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p160-graefe/",
  abstract =     "This paper presents the design and an initial
                 performance evaluation of the query optimizer generator
                 designed for the EXODUS extensible database system.
                 Algebraic transformation rules are translated into an
                 executable query optimizer, which transforms query
                 trees and selects methods for executing operations
                 according to cost functions associated with the
                 methods. The search strategy avoids exhaustive search
                 and it modifies itself to take advantage of past
                 experience. Computational results show that an
                 optimizer generated for a relational system produces
                 access plans almost as good as those produced by
                 exhaustive search, with the search time cut to a small
                 fraction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
                 {\bf Query formulation}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf
                 Data models}; Software --- Programming Languages ---
                 Language Classifications (D.3.2): {\bf EXODUS}",
}

@InProceedings{Nurmi:1987:CCD,
  author =       "O. Nurmi and E. Soisalon-Soininen and D. Wood",
  title =        "Concurrency Control in Database Structures with
                 Relaxed Balance",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "170--176",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p170-nurmi/p170-nurmi.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p170-nurmi/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p170-nurmi/",
  abstract =     "We consider the separation of rebalancing from updates
                 in several database structures, such as B-trees for
                 external and AVL-trees for internal structures. We show
                 how this separation can be implemented such that
                 rebalancing is performed by local background processes.
                 Our solution implies that even simple locking schemes
                 (without additional links and copies of certain nodes)
                 for concurrency control are efficient in the sense that
                 at any time only a small constant number of nodes must
                 be locked.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "temporary layer block is inserted in Btree so split
                 does not propagate up. Cleanup as in Sagiv,Y. 86. Can
                 solve variable-length entry problem.",
  generalterms = "Design; Management; Theory",
  keywords =     "design; management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Concurrency. {\bf I.2.8} Computing
                 Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Problem
                 Solving, Control Methods, and Search, Graph and tree
                 search strategies. {\bf G.2.2} Mathematics of
                 Computing, DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, Graph Theory, Trees.",
}

@InProceedings{Freytag:1987:RBV,
  author =       "Johann Christoph Freytag",
  title =        "A rule-based view of query optimization",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "173--180",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p173-freytag/p173-freytag.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p173-freytag/",
  abstract =     "The query optimizer is an important system component
                 of a relational database management system (DBMS). It
                 is the responsibility of this component to translate
                 the user-submitted query - usually written in a
                 non-procedural language - into an efficient query
                 evaluation plan (QEP) which is then executed against
                 the database. The research literature describes a wide
                 variety of optimization strategies for different query
                 languages and implementation environments. However,
                 very little is known about how to design and structure
                 the query optimization component to implement these
                 strategies. \par

                 This paper proposes a first step towards the design of
                 a {\em modular query optimizer}. We describe its
                 operations by {\em transformation rules\/} which
                 generate different QEPs from initial query
                 specifications. As we distinguish different aspects of
                 the query optimization process, our hope is that the
                 approach taken in this paper will contribute to the
                 more general goal of a modular query optimizer as part
                 of an extensible database management system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
                 {\bf Query formulation}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf
                 Data models}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Systems (H.2.4); Theory of Computation
                 --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ---
                 Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems (F.4.2)",
}

@InProceedings{Sun:1987:PRM,
  author =       "R. Sun and G. Thomas",
  title =        "Performance results on multiversion timestamp
                 concurrency control with predeclared writesets",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "177--184",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p177-sun/p177-sun.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p177-sun/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p177-sun/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "management; measurement; performance;
                 standardization",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Concurrency. {\bf C.4} Computer Systems
                 Organization, PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS, Modeling
                 techniques.",
}

@InProceedings{Shenoy:1987:SSQ,
  author =       "Sreekumar T. Shenoy and Z. Meral Ozsoyoglu",
  title =        "A system for semantic query optimization",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "181--195",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p181-shenoy/p181-shenoy.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p181-shenoy/",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a scheme to utilize semantic
                 integrity constraints in optimizing a user specified
                 query. The scheme uses a graph theoretic approach to
                 identify redundant join clauses and redundant
                 restriction clauses specified in a user query. An
                 algorithm is suggested to eliminate such redundant
                 joins and avoid unnecessary restrictions. In addition
                 to these eliminations, the algorithm aims to introduce
                 as many restrictions on indexed attributes as possible,
                 thus yielding an equivalent, but potentially more
                 profitable, form of the original query.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Languages; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
                 {\bf Query formulation}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf
                 Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Dechter:1987:DAR,
  author =       "R. Dechter",
  title =        "Decomposing an {$N$-ary} Relation into a Tree of Binary
                 Relations",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "185--189",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p185-dechter/p185-dechter.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p185-dechter/",
  abstract =     "We present an efficient algorithm for decomposing an
                 $n$-ary relation into a tree of binary relations, and
                 provide an efficient test for checking whether or not
                 the tree formed represents the relation. If there
                 exists a tree-decomposition, the algorithm is
                 guaranteed to find one, otherwise, the tree generated
                 will fail the test, then indicating that no tree
                 decomposition exist. The unique features of the
                 algorithm presented in this paper, is that it does not
                 a priori assume any dependencies in the initial
                 relation, rather it derives such dependencies from the
                 bare relation instance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "algorithms; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf G.2.2} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE
                 MATHEMATICS, Graph Theory, Trees. {\bf I.2.8} Computing
                 Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Problem
                 Solving, Control Methods, and Search, Graph and tree
                 search strategies.",
}

@InProceedings{Delgrande:1987:FLA,
  author =       "J. P. Delgrande",
  title =        "Formal limits on the automatic generation and
                 maintenance of integrity constraints",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "190--196",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p190-delgrande/p190-delgrande.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p190-delgrande/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p190-delgrande/",
  abstract =     "A formal approach to the automatic generation and
                 maintenance of integrity constraints in relational
                 databases is presented. It is assumed that some portion
                 of the database extension is known and that constraints
                 are to be formed on the basis of this portion. Since
                 this portion may be updated or new relations added to
                 the database the set of hypothesised constraints may
                 require occasional revision. The goal is this paper is
                 to characterise those constraints that may potentially
                 be formed on the basis of a part of the extension.
                 Formal systems are derived by means of which the set of
                 constraints that can be formed is precisely specified.
                 A procedure is derived for restoring the consistency of
                 a set of constraints after conflicting tuples are
                 encountered. It is shown that the set of constraints to
                 which the procedure may be applied corresponds with
                 minor limitations to the sentences of relational
                 algebra.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.0} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 General, Security, integrity, and protection**. {\bf
                 H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf G.2.m} Mathematics of Computing,
                 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, Miscellaneous. {\bf H.2.1}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical
                 Design, Schema and subschema.",
}

@InProceedings{Paul:1987:AID,
  author =       "H. B. Paul and H. J. Schek and M. H. Scholl",
  title =        "Architecture and implementation of the {Darmstadt}
                 database kernel system",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "196--207",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p196-paul/p196-paul.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p196-paul/",
  abstract =     "The multi-layered architecture of the DArmStadt Data
                 Base System (DASDBS) for advanced applications is
                 introduced DASDBS is conceived as a family of
                 application-specific database systems on top of a
                 common database kernel system. The main design problem
                 considered here is, What features are common enough to
                 be integrated into the kernel and what features are
                 rather application-specific? Kernel features must be
                 simple enough to be efficiently implemented and to
                 serve a broad class of clients, yet powerful enough to
                 form a convenient basis for application-oriented
                 layers. Our kernel provides mechanisms to efficiently
                 store hierarchically structured complex objects, and
                 offers operations which are set-oriented and can be
                 processed in a single scan through the objects. To
                 achieve high concurrency in a layered system, a
                 multi-level transaction methodology is applied. First
                 experiences with our current implementation and some
                 lessons we have learned from it are reported.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf DASDBS}; Software --- Software
                 Engineering --- Distribution, Maintenance, and
                 Enhancement (D.2.7): {\bf Extensibility**}",
}

@InProceedings{Imielinski:1987:RKD,
  author =       "T. Imielinski",
  title =        "Relative knowledge in a distributed database",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "197--209",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p197-imielinski/p197-imielinski.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p197-imielinski/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p197-imielinski/",
  abstract =     "Let DB be a database and let u 1, , u m be a
                 collection of users each having at his or her disposal
                 a query sublanguage L u 1 generated by some view
                 predicate Each of these users knows only as much as he
                 can learn from the database using his or her query
                 sublanguage. Such a knowledge is called {\em relative
                 knowledge\/} in the paper and its various properties
                 including the model and proof theory are investigated.
                 The applications of relative knowledge in the database
                 security and integrity are also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "languages; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Distributed databases. {\bf H.2.3} Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages, Query
                 languages.",
}

@InProceedings{Richardson:1987:PCD,
  author =       "Joel E. Richardson and Michael J. Carey",
  title =        "Programming constructs for database system
                 implementation in {EXODUS}",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "208--219",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p208-richardson/p208-richardson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p208-richardson/",
  abstract =     "The goal of the EXODUS extensible DBMS project is to
                 enable the rapid development of a wide spectrum of
                 high-performance, application-specific database systems
                 EXODUS provides certain kernel facilities for use by
                 all applications and a set of tools to aid the database
                 implementor (DBI) in generating new database system
                 software. Some of the DBI's work is supported by EXODUS
                 tools which generate database components from a
                 specification. However, components such as new abstract
                 data types, access methods, and database operations
                 must be explicitly coded by the DBI. This paper
                 analyzes the major programming problems faced by the
                 DBI, describing the collection of programming language
                 constructs that EXODUS provides for simplifying the
                 DBI's task. These constructs have been embedded in the
                 E programming language, an extension of C++ designed
                 specifically for implementing DBMS software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages; Performance",
  subject =      "Software --- Programming Languages --- Language
                 Classifications (D.3.2): {\bf EXODUS}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4);
                 Software --- Programming Languages --- Language
                 Constructs and Features (D.3.3); Software --- Software
                 Engineering --- Distribution, Maintenance, and
                 Enhancement (D.2.7): {\bf Extensibility**}",
}

@InProceedings{Afrati:1987:PCS,
  author =       "F. Afrati and C. Papadimitriou",
  title =        "The Parallel Complexity of Simple Chain Queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "210--213",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p210-afrati/p210-afrati.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p210-afrati/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p210-afrati/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Query processing. {\bf F.1.2} Theory of
                 Computation, COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES, Modes of
                 Computation, Parallelism and concurrency. {\bf H.2.3}
                 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages,
                 Datalog.",
}

@InProceedings{Beeri:1987:BPS,
  author =       "C. Beeri and P. Kanellakis and F. Bancilhon and R.
                 Ramakrishnan",
  title =        "Bounds on the propagation of selection into logic
                 programs",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "214--226",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p214-beeri/p214-beeri.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p214-beeri/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p214-beeri/",
  abstract =     "We consider the problem of propagating selections
                 (i.e., bindings of variables) into logic programs. In
                 particular, we study the class of binary chain programs
                 and define selection propagation as the task of finding
                 an equivalent program containing only unary derived
                 predicates. We associate a context free grammar {\em
                 L(H)\/} with every binary chain program {\em H}. We
                 show that, given {$H$} propagating a selection
                 involving some constant is possible iff {\em L(H)\/} is
                 regular, and therefore undecidable. We also show that
                 propagating a selection of the form {\em p(X,X)\/} is
                 possible iff {\em L(H)\/} is finite, and therefore
                 decidable. We demonstrate the connection of these two
                 cases, respectively, with the weak monadic second order
                 theory of one successor and with monadic generalized
                 spectra. We further clarify the analogy between chain
                 programs and languages from the point of view of
                 program equivalence and selection propagation
                 heuristics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "languages; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
                 AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Logic and
                 constraint programming. {\bf I.2.3} Computing
                 Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and
                 Theorem Proving, Logic programming. {\bf F.4.2} Theory
                 of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL
                 LANGUAGES, Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems,
                 Grammar types. {\bf H.2.3} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages, Query languages.",
}

@InProceedings{Lindsay:1987:DME,
  author =       "Bruce Lindsay and John McPherson and Hamid Pirahesh",
  title =        "A data management extension architecture",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "220--226",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p220-lindsay/p220-lindsay.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p220-lindsay/",
  abstract =     "A database management system architecture is described
                 that facilitates the implementation of data management
                 extensions for relational database systems. The
                 architecture defines two classes of data management
                 extensions alternative ways of storing relations called
                 relation ``storage methods'', and access paths,
                 integrity constraints, or triggers which are
                 ``attachments'' to relations. Generic sets of
                 operations are defined for storage methods and
                 attachments, and these operations must be provided in
                 order to add a new storage method or attachment type to
                 the system. The data management extension architecture
                 also provides common services for coordination of
                 storage method and attachment execution. This article
                 describes the data management extension architecture
                 along with some implementation issues and techniques.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4); Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data
                 models}; Software --- Software Engineering ---
                 Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement (D.2.7):
                 {\bf Extensibility**}",
}

@InProceedings{Naughton:1987:DCB,
  author =       "J. F. Naughton and Y. Sagiv",
  title =        "A decidable class of bounded recursions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "227--236",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p227-naughton/p227-naughton.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p227-naughton/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p227-naughton/",
  abstract =     "Detecting bounded recursions is a powerful
                 optimization technique for recursions database query
                 languages as bounded recursions can be replaced by
                 equivalent nonrecursive definitions. The problem is of
                 theoretical interest because by varying the class of
                 recursions considered one can generate instances that
                 vary from linearly decidable to NP-hard to undecidable.
                 In this paper we review and clarify the existing
                 definitions of boundedness. We then specify a sample
                 criterion that guarantees that the condition in
                 Vaughton [7] is necessary and sufficient for
                 boundedness. The programs satisfying this criterion
                 subsume and extend previously known decidable classes
                 of bounded linear recursions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "languages; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.3} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Languages, Query languages. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Program and recursion schemes.
                 {\bf G.2.m} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE
                 MATHEMATICS, Miscellaneous.",
}

@InProceedings{Jajodia:1987:DV,
  author =       "Sushil Jajodia and David Mutchler",
  title =        "Dynamic voting",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "227--238",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p227-jajodia/p227-jajodia.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p227-jajodia/",
  abstract =     "In a voting-based algorithm, a replicated file can be
                 updated in a partition if it contains a majority of
                 copies. In this paper, we propose an extension of this
                 scheme which permits a file to be updated in a
                 partition provided it contains a majority of up-to-date
                 copies. Our scheme not only preserves mutual
                 consistency of the replicated file, but provides
                 improvement in its availability as well. We develop a
                 stochastic model which gives insight into the
                 improvements afforded by our scheme over the voting
                 scheme.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Software --- Operating Systems --- File Systems
                 Management (D.4.3): {\bf Maintenance**}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4):
                 {\bf Distributed databases}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf
                 Transaction processing}",
}

@InProceedings{Shmueli:1987:DEA,
  author =       "O. Shmueli",
  title =        "Decidability and expressiveness aspects of logic
                 queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "237--249",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p237-shmueli/p237-shmueli.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p237-shmueli/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p237-shmueli/",
  abstract =     "This paper addresses some basic problems regarding
                 logic programming based queries over relational
                 databases. We re-examine the query classes {$H$} and
                 {\em YE\/} + defined by Chandra and Harel [2] We define
                 {$H$} + and {\em YE\/} ++ which differ from {$H$} and
                 {\em YE\/} + in that the use of equality (=) and
                 inequality () is prohibited. We show that {$H$} + is
                 more expressive than {\em YE\/} ++ and that any {$H$} +
                 program can be transformed into an equivalent {$H$} +
                 program containing a single recursive predicate without
                 using the equality or inequality operators. As a
                 corollary we obtain a fixpoint formula characterization
                 of {$H$} + queries. \par

                 We consider the problems of determining containment,
                 equivalence, and satisfiability of logic based queries.
                 The containment and equivalence problems addressed here
                 extend the work of Aho, Sagiv and Ullman on relational
                 queries [1] and Papadimitrious on Prolog [10]. As
                 corollaries we show that determining safety and literal
                 redundancy are both undecidable problems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Management; Theory; Verification",
  keywords =     "languages; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation,
                 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical
                 Logic, Logic and constraint programming. {\bf I.2.3}
                 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
                 Deduction and Theorem Proving, Logic programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Haerder:1987:CTR,
  author =       "Theo Haerder and Kurt Rothermel",
  title =        "Concepts for transaction recovery in nested
                 transactions",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "239--248",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p239-haerder/p239-haerder.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p239-haerder/",
  abstract =     "The concept of nested transactions offers more
                 decomposable execution units and finer grained control
                 over recovery and concurrency as compared to `flat'
                 transactions. To exploit these advantages, especially
                 transaction recovery has to be refined and adjusted to
                 the requirements of the control structure. \par

                 In this paper, we investigate transaction recovery for
                 nested transactions. Therefore, a model for nested
                 transaction is introduced allowing for synchronous and
                 asynchronous transaction invocation as well as single
                 call and conversational interfaces. For the resulting
                 four parameter combinations, the properties and
                 dependencies of transaction recovery are explored if a
                 transaction is `unit of recovery' and if savepoints
                 within transactions are used to gain finer recovery
                 units.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Performance; Security; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Physical Design (H.2.2): {\bf Recovery and restart};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Systems
                 (H.2.4): {\bf Transaction processing}",
}

@InProceedings{Garcia-Molina:1987:S,
  author =       "Hector Garcia-Molina and Kenneth Salem",
  title =        "Sagas",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "249--259",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p249-garcia-molina/p249-garcia-molina.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p249-garcia-molina/",
  abstract =     "Long lived transactions (LLTs) hold on to database
                 resources for relatively long periods of time,
                 significantly delaying the termination of shorter and
                 more common transactions. To alleviate these problems
                 we propose the notion of a saga. A LLT is a saga if it
                 can be written as a sequence of transactions that can
                 be interleaved with other transactions. The database
                 management system guarantees that either all the
                 transactions in a saga are successfully completed or
                 compensating transactions are run to amend a partial
                 execution. Both the concept of saga and its
                 implementation are relatively simple, but they have the
                 potential to improve performance significantly. We
                 analyze the various implementation issues related to
                 sagas, including how they can be run on an existing
                 system that does not directly support them. We also
                 discuss techniques for database and LLT design that
                 make it feasible to break up LLTs into sagas.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Transaction processing};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Physical Design (H.2.2)",
}

@InProceedings{Selinger:1987:CEI,
  author =       "P. Selinger",
  title =        "Chickens and eggs --- the interrelationship of systems
                 and theory",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "250--253",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p250-selinger/p250-selinger.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p250-selinger/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p250-selinger/",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a personal perspective of the
                 kinds of contributions that systems research and
                 theoretical research make to one another particularly
                 in the database area. Examples of each kind of
                 contribution are given, and then several case studies
                 from the author a personal experience are presented.
                 The case studies illustrate database systems research
                 where theoretical work contributed to systems results
                 and vice versa. Areas of database systems which need
                 more contributions from the theoretical community will
                 also be presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Management; Theory",
  keywords =     "management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.1.1} Information Systems, MODELS AND
                 PRINCIPLES, Systems and Information Theory.",
}

@InProceedings{Karabeg:1987:ASR,
  author =       "A. Karabeg and D. Karabeg and K. Papakonstantinou and
                 V. Vianu",
  title =        "Axiomatization and simplification rules for relational
                 transactions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "254--259",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p254-karabeg/p254-karabeg.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p254-karabeg/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p254-karabeg/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems, Transaction processing.
                 {\bf G.2.m} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE
                 MATHEMATICS, Miscellaneous.",
}

@InProceedings{Abiteboul:1987:TLC,
  author =       "S. Abiteboul and V. Vianu",
  title =        "A translation language complete for database update
                 and specification",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "260--268",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p260-abiteboul/p260-abiteboul.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p260-abiteboul/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p260-abiteboul/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "design; languages; management",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, TL.",
}

@InProceedings{Freeston:1987:BFN,
  author =       "Michael Freeston",
  title =        "The {BANG} file: {A} new kind of grid file",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "260--269",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p260-freeston/p260-freeston.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p260-freeston/",
  abstract =     "A new multi-dimensional file structure has been
                 developed in the course of a project to devise ways of
                 improving the support for interactive queries to
                 database and knowledge bases. Christened the `BANG'
                 file - a Balanced And Nested Grid - the new structure
                 is of the `grid file' type, but is fundamentally
                 different from previous grid file designs in that it
                 does not share their common underlying properties. It
                 has a tree-structured directory which has the
                 self-balancing property of a B-tree and which, in
                 contrast to previous designs, always expands at the
                 same rate as the data, whatever the form of the data
                 distribution. Its partitioning strategy both accurately
                 reflects the clustering of points in the data space,
                 and is flexible enough to adapt gracefully to changes
                 in the distribution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design",
  subject =      "Data --- Files (E.5): {\bf Organization/structure};
                 Data --- Data Structures (E.1): {\bf Trees};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Beeri:1987:PM,
  author =       "C. Beeri and R. Ramakrishnan",
  title =        "On the power of magic",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "269--284",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p269-beeri/p269-beeri.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p269-beeri/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p269-beeri/",
  abstract =     "This paper considers the efficient evaluation of
                 recursive queries expressed using Horn Clauses. We
                 define {\em sideways information passing\/} formally
                 and show how a query evaluation algorithm may be
                 defined in terms of sideways information passing and
                 control. We then consider a class of information
                 passing strategies which suffices to describe most
                 query evaluation algorithms in the database literature,
                 and show that these strategies may always be
                 implemented by rewriting a given program and evaluating
                 the rewritten program bottom-up. We describe in detail
                 several algorithms for rewriting a program. These
                 algorithms generalize the Counting and Magic Sets
                 algorithms to work with arbitrary programs. Safety and
                 optimality of the algorithms are also considered.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Management; Performance; Theory;
                 Verification",
  keywords =     "algorithms; management; performance; theory;
                 verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Query processing. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Program and recursion schemes.
                 {\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
                 AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Logic and
                 constraint programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Nelson:1987:PAH,
  author =       "Randal C. Nelson and Hanan Samet",
  title =        "A population analysis for hierarchical data
                 structures",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "270--277",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p270-nelson/p270-nelson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p270-nelson/",
  abstract =     "A new method termed population analysis is presented
                 for approximating the distribution of node occupancies
                 in hierarchical data structures which store a variable
                 number of geometric data items per node. The basic idea
                 is to describe a dynamic data structure as a set of
                 populations which are permitted to transform into one
                 another according to certain rules. The transformation
                 rules are used to obtain a set of equations describing
                 a population distribution which is stable under
                 insertion of additional information into the structure.
                 These equations can then be solved, either analytically
                 or numerically, to obtain the population distribution.
                 Hierarchical data structures are modeled by letting
                 each population represent the nodes of a given
                 occupancy. A detailed analysis of quadtree data
                 structures for storing point data is presented, and the
                 results are compared to experimental data. Two
                 phenomena referred to as {\em aging\/} and {\em
                 phasing\/} are defined and shown to account for the
                 differences between the experimental results and those
                 predicted by the model. The population technique is
                 compared with statistical methods of analyzing similar
                 data structures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design",
  subject =      "Data --- Data Structures (E.1): {\bf Trees}; Data ---
                 Files (E.5): {\bf Organization/structure}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Logical Design
                 (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Sellis:1987:ESP,
  author =       "Timos K. Sellis",
  title =        "Efficiently supporting procedures in relational
                 database systems",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "278--291",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p278-sellis/p278-sellis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p278-sellis/",
  abstract =     "We examine an extended relational database system
                 which supports database procedures as full fledged
                 objects. In particular, we focus on the problems of
                 query processing and efficient support for database
                 procedures. First, a variation to the original INGRES
                 decomposition algorithm is presented. Then, we examine
                 the idea of storing results of previously processed
                 procedures in secondary storage ({\em caching\/}).
                 Using a cache, the cost of processing a query can be
                 reduced by preventing multiple evaluations of the same
                 procedure. Problems associated with cache
                 organizations, such as replacement policies and
                 validation schemes are examined. Another means for
                 reducing the execution cost of queries is indexing. A
                 new indexing scheme for cached results, Partial
                 Indexing, is proposed and analyzed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Grahne:1987:EES,
  author =       "G. Grahne and S. Sippu and E. Soisalon-Soininen",
  title =        "Efficient evaluation for a subset of recursive
                 queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "284--293",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p284-grahne/p284-grahne.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p284-grahne/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p284-grahne/",
  abstract =     "Well-known results on graph traversal are used to
                 develop a practical, efficient algorithm for evaluating
                 regularly and linearly recursive queries in databases
                 that contain only binary relations. Transformations are
                 given that reduce a subset of regular and linear
                 queries involving $n$-ary relations ($n^2$) to queries
                 involving only binary relations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Management; Measurement; Performance;
                 Theory",
  keywords =     "algorithms; management; measurement; performance;
                 theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Query processing. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Program and recursion schemes.
                 {\bf G.2.m} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE
                 MATHEMATICS, Miscellaneous.",
  xxauthor =     "G. Grahne and S. Siu and E. Soisalon-Soininen",
}

@InProceedings{Hardwick:1987:WRF,
  author =       "Martin Hardwick",
  title =        "Why {ROSE} is fast: {Five} optimizations in the design
                 of an experimental database system for {CAD\slash CAM}
                 applications",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "292--298",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p292-hardwick/p292-hardwick.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p292-hardwick/",
  abstract =     "ROSE is an experimental database system for CAD/CAM
                 applications that organizes a database into entries and
                 relationships. The data model of ROSE is an extension
                 of the relational model and the data manipulation
                 language is an extension of the relational algebra.
                 Internally, ROSE is organized so that it can use
                 operating system services to implement database system
                 services. In this paper we describe five optimizations
                 that have helped to make ROSE a fast database system
                 for CAD/CAM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Experimentation; Performance",
  subject =      "Computer Applications --- Computer-Aided Engineering
                 (J.6); Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf ROSE}",
}

@InProceedings{Marchetti-Spaccamella:1987:WCC,
  author =       "A. Marchetti-Spaccamella and A. Pelaggi and D. Sacca",
  title =        "Worst-case complexity analysis of methods for logic
                 query implementation",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "294--301",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p294-marchetti-spaccamella/p294-marchetti-spaccamella.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p294-marchetti-spaccamella/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p294-marchetti-spaccamella/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; management; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf H.2.4} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems, Query processing. {\bf
                 G.2.m} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE MATHEMATICS,
                 Miscellaneous.",
}

@InProceedings{Kemper:1987:OOS,
  author =       "Alfons Kemper and Peter C. Lockemann and Mechtild
                 Wallrath",
  title =        "An object-oriented system for engineering
                 applications",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "299--310",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p299-kemper/p299-kemper.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p299-kemper/",
  abstract =     "One of the most promising approaches to database
                 support of engineering applications is the concept of
                 object-oriented database management. Object-orientation
                 is usually approached from either a behavioral or
                 structural viewpoint. The former emphasizes the
                 application-specific manipulation of technical objects
                 while hiding their structural details whereas the
                 latter concentrates on the structural aspects and their
                 efficient implementation. The thesis of the paper is
                 that the two viewpoints may enter into a fruitful
                 symbiosis where a behaviorally object-oriented system
                 is implemented on top of a structurally object-oriented
                 database system, thereby combining ease of use by the
                 engineer with high database system performance. The
                 thesis will be demonstrated in the paper by a
                 user-friendly interface based on user-definable
                 abstract datatypes and its implementation using a
                 prototype for the non-first-normal-form (NF 2)
                 relational model, and will be supported by an
                 engineering example application from off-line robot
                 programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Computer
                 Applications --- Physical Sciences and Engineering
                 (J.2): {\bf Engineering}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4); Software ---
                 Software Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques
                 (D.2.2)",
}

@InProceedings{Gucht:1987:EPE,
  author =       "D. Van Gucht",
  title =        "On the expressive power of the extended relational
                 algebra for the unnormalized relational model",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "302--312",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p302-van_gucht/p302-van_gucht.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p302-van_gucht/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{VanGucht:1987:EPE,
  author =       "D. {Van Gucht}",
  title =        "On the expressive power of the extended relational
                 algebra for the unnormalized relational model",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "302--312",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:40:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p302-van_gucht/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "design; management; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf H.2.1} Information Systems,
                 DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Logical Design.",
}

@InProceedings{Banerjee:1987:SIS,
  author =       "Jay Banerjee and Won Kim and Hyoung-Joo Kim and Henry
                 F. Korth",
  title =        "Semantics and implementation of schema evolution in
                 object-oriented databases",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "311--322",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p311-banerjee/p311-banerjee.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p311-banerjee/",
  abstract =     "Object-oriented programming is well-suited to such
                 data-intensive application domains as CAD/CAM, AI, and
                 OIS (office information systems) with multimedia
                 documents. At MCC we have built a prototype
                 object-oriented database system, called ORION. It adds
                 persistence and sharability to objects created and
                 manipulated in applications implemented in an
                 object-oriented programming environment. One of the
                 important requirements of these applications is schema
                 evolution, that is, the ability to dynamically make a
                 wide variety of changes to the database schema. In this
                 paper, following a brief review of the object-oriented
                 data model that we support in ORION, we establish a
                 framework for supporting schema evolution, define the
                 semantics of schema evolution, and discuss its
                 implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Schema and subschema};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Information Systems
                 --- Information Storage and Retrieval --- Systems and
                 Software (H.3.4): {\bf ORION}",
}

@InProceedings{VanGelder:1987:SCT,
  author =       "A. {Van Gelder} and R. Topor",
  title =        "Safety and correct translation of relational calculus
                 formulas",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "313--327",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p313-van_gelder/p313-van_gelder.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p313-van_gelder/",
  abstract =     "Not all queries in relational calculus can be answered
                 ``sensibly'' once disjunction, negation, and universal
                 quantification are allowed. The class of relational
                 calculus queries, or formulas, that have ``sensible''
                 answers is called the {\em domain independent\/} class,
                 which is known to be undecidable. Subsequent research
                 has focused on identifying large decidable subclasses
                 of domain independent formulas In this paper we
                 investigate the properties of two such classes the {\em
                 evaluable\/} formulas and the {\em allowed\/} formulas.
                 Although both classes have been defined before, we give
                 simplified definitions, present short proofs of their
                 man properties, and describe a method to incorporate
                 equality. \par

                 Although evaluable queries have sensible answers, it is
                 not straightforward to compute them efficiently or
                 correctly. We introduce {\em relational algebra normal
                 form\/} for formulas from which form the correct
                 translation into relational algebra is trivial. We give
                 algorithms to transform an evaluable formula into an
                 equivalent {\em allowed\/} formula, and from there into
                 relational algebra normal form. Our algorithms avoid
                 use of the so-called {\em Dom\/} relation, consisting
                 of all constants appearing in the database or the
                 query. \par

                 Finally, we describe a restriction under which every
                 domain independent formula is evaluable, and argue that
                 evaluable formulas may be the largest decidable
                 subclass of the domain independent formulas that can be
                 efficiently recognized.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Management; Performance; Theory;
                 Verification",
  keywords =     "algorithms; management; performance; theory;
                 verification",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Miscellaneous (H.2.m); Computing Methodologies ---
                 Artificial Intelligence --- Deduction and Theorem
                 Proving (I.2.3): {\bf Deduction}",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.m} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf I.2.3} Computing Methodologies,
                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Deduction and Theorem Proving,
                 Deduction.",
}

@InProceedings{Cruz:1987:GQL,
  author =       "Isabel F. Cruz and Alberto O. Mendelzon and Peter T.
                 Wood",
  title =        "A graphical query language supporting recursion",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "323--330",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p323-cruz/p323-cruz.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p323-cruz/",
  abstract =     "We define a language G for querying data represented
                 as a labeled graph {\em G}. By considering {$G$} as a
                 relation, this graphical query language can be viewed
                 as a relational query language, and its expressive
                 power can be compared to that of other relational query
                 languages. We do not propose G as an alternative to
                 general purpose relational query languages, but rather
                 as a complementary language in which recursive queries
                 are simple to formulate. The user is aided in this
                 formulation by means of a graphical interface. The
                 provision of regular expressions in G allows recursive
                 queries more general than transitive closure to be
                 posed, although the language is not as powerful as
                 those based on function-free Horn clauses. However, we
                 hope to be able to exploit well-known graph algorithms
                 in evaluating recursive queries efficiently, a topic
                 which has received widespread attention recently.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Languages (H.2.3); Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data
                 models}; Mathematics of Computing --- Discrete
                 Mathematics --- Graph Theory (G.2.2): {\bf Path and
                 circuit problems}; Theory of Computation ---
                 Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ---
                 Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf Recursive function
                 theory}",
}

@InProceedings{Ramakrishnan:1987:SRH,
  author =       "R. Ramakrishnan and F. Bancilhon and A. Silberschatz",
  title =        "Safety of recursive {Horn} clauses with infinite
                 relations",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "328--339",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p328-ramakrishnan/p328-ramakrishnan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p328-ramakrishnan/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p328-ramakrishnan/",
  abstract =     "A database query is said to be {\em safe\/} if its
                 result consists of a finite set of tuples If a query is
                 expressed using a set of pure Horn Clauses, the problem
                 of determining whether it is safe is in general
                 undecidable In this paper, we show that the problem is
                 decidable when terms involving function symbols
                 (including arithmetic) are represented as distinct
                 occurrences of uninterpreted infinite predicates over
                 which certain {\em finiteness dependencies\/} hold. We
                 present a sufficient condition for safety when some
                 {\em monotonicity constraints\/} also hold.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Management; Performance; Theory",
  keywords =     "algorithms; management; performance; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Query processing. {\bf F.4.1} Theory of
                 Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES,
                 Mathematical Logic, Logic and constraint programming.
                 {\bf H.2.0} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 General, Security, integrity, and protection**.",
}

@InProceedings{Jagadish:1987:STC,
  author =       "H. V. Jagadish and Rakesh Agrawal and Linda Ness",
  title =        "A study of transitive closure as a recursion
                 mechanism",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "331--344",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p331-jagadish/p331-jagadish.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p331-jagadish/",
  abstract =     "We show that every linearly recursive query can be
                 expressed as a transitive closure possibly preceded and
                 followed by operations already available in relational
                 algebra. This reduction is possible even if there are
                 repeated variables in the recursive literals and if
                 some of the arguments in the recursive literals are
                 constants. Such an equivalence has significant
                 theoretical and practical ramifications. One the one
                 hand it influences the design of expressive notations
                 to capture recursion as an augmentation of relational
                 query languages. On the other hand implementation of
                 deductive databases is impacted in that the design does
                 not have to provide the generality that linear
                 recursion would demand. It suffices to study the single
                 problem of transitive closure and to provide an
                 efficient implementation for it.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Theory of Computation --- Mathematical Logic and
                 Formal Languages --- Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf
                 Recursive function theory}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf
                 Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Naughton:1987:OR,
  author =       "J. F. Naughton",
  title =        "One-sided recursions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "340--348",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 18:40:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p340-naughton/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; management; performance;
                 theory",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.3} Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Languages, Query languages. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Program and recursion schemes.
                 {\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
                 AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Recursive
                 function theory.",
}

@InProceedings{Naughton:1987:OSR,
  author =       "J. F. Naughton",
  title =        "One-sided recursions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "340--348",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p340-naughton/p340-naughton.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p340-naughton/",
  abstract =     "The performance of systems with recursive query
                 languages can be improved by recognizing simple, easily
                 evaluable classes of recursions and using algorithms
                 tailored to these classes whenever possible. In this
                 paper we identify a useful subset of recursive
                 definitions, the {\em one-sided recursions}. We show
                 how to detect one-sided recursions, and give two simple
                 evaluation algorithms that cover one-sided definitions
                 in that for any selection on a one-sided definition, at
                 least one of the two algorithms will apply. These
                 algorithms have simple termination conditions, maintain
                 minimal state and use selections on the recursively
                 defined relation whenever possible. We show that there
                 are no similar algorithms for many-sided recursions We
                 also prove that it is undecidable whether an arbitrary
                 definition has an equivalent one-sided definition.
                 However, we do present a procedure that converts many
                 potentially one-sided recursions to one-sided form, and
                 prove it complete for a useful class of recursions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Languages; Management; Performance;
                 Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Languages (H.2.3): {\bf Query languages}; Theory of
                 Computation --- Logics and Meanings of Programs ---
                 Studies of Program Constructs (F.3.3): {\bf Program and
                 recursion schemes}; Theory of Computation ---
                 Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ---
                 Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf Recursive function
                 theory}",
}

@InProceedings{Zhang:1987:NCD,
  author =       "Weining Zhang and C. T. Yu",
  title =        "A necessary condition for a doubly recursive rule to
                 be equivalent to a linear recursive rule",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "345--356",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p345-zhang/p345-zhang.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p345-zhang/",
  abstract =     "Nonlinear recursive queries are usually less efficient
                 in processing than linear recursive queries. It is
                 therefore of interest to transform non-linear recursive
                 queries into linear ones. We obtain a necessary and
                 sufficient condition for a doubly recursive rule of a
                 certain type to be logically equivalent to a single
                 linear recursive rule obtained in a specific way.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Theory of Computation --- Mathematical Logic and
                 Formal Languages --- Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf
                 Recursive function theory}",
}

@InProceedings{Sagiv:1987:ODP,
  author =       "Y. Sagiv",
  title =        "Optimizing datalog programs",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "349--362",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/28659/p349-sagiv/p349-sagiv.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p349-sagiv/;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/28659/p349-sagiv/",
  abstract =     "Datalog programs, i.e., Prolog programs without
                 function symbols, are considered It is assumed that a
                 variable appearing in the head of a rule must also
                 appear in the body of the rule. The input of a program
                 is a set of ground atoms (which are given in addition
                 to the program's rules) and, therefore, can be viewed
                 as an assignment of relations to some of the program's
                 predicates. Two programs are equivalent if they produce
                 the same result for all possible assignments of
                 relations to the extensional predicates (i.e., the
                 predicates that do not appear as heads of rules). Two
                 programs are uniformly equivalent if they produce the
                 same result for all possible assignments of initial
                 relations to all the predicates (i.e., both extensional
                 and intentional). The equivalence problem for Datalog
                 programs is known to be undecidable. It is shown that
                 uniform equivalence is decidable, and an algorithm is
                 given for minimizing a Datalog program under uniform
                 equivalence. A technique for removing parts of a
                 program that are redundant under equivalence (but not
                 under uniform equivalence) is developed. A procedure
                 for testing uniform equivalence is also developed for
                 the case in which the database satisfies some
                 constraints.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Languages; Management; Theory;
                 Verification",
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages; management; theory;
                 verification",
  subject =      "{\bf I.2.7} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Natural Language Processing, DATALOG.
                 {\bf G.2.m} Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE
                 MATHEMATICS, Miscellaneous. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Program and recursion schemes.",
}

@InProceedings{Morgenstern:1987:SIM,
  author =       "Matthew Morgenstern",
  title =        "Security and inference in multilevel database and
                 knowledge-base systems",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "357--373",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p357-morgenstern/p357-morgenstern.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p357-morgenstern/",
  abstract =     "This paper addresses the threat to multilevel security
                 that arises from logical inference and the semantics of
                 the application. Such compromises of security are
                 particularly challenging since they circumvent
                 traditional security mechanisms and rely on a user's
                 knowledge of the application. The problems of inference
                 and security have heretofore been amorphous and
                 difficult to circumscribe. We focus on these problems
                 in the context of a multilevel database system and show
                 their relevance to knowledge-based systems, sometimes
                 referred to as expert systems. Here we establish a
                 framework for studying these inference control
                 problems, describe a representation for relevant
                 semantics of the application, develop criteria for
                 safety and security of a system to prevent these
                 problems, and outline algorithms for enforcing these
                 criteria.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Security",
  subject =      "Computing Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence
                 --- Deduction and Theorem Proving (I.2.3): {\bf
                 Deduction}; Information Systems --- Database Management
                 --- Systems (H.2.4); Computing Methodologies ---
                 Artificial Intelligence --- Applications and Expert
                 Systems (I.2.1); Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- General (H.2.0): {\bf Security,
                 integrity, and protection**}",
}

@InProceedings{Stemple:1987:MMF,
  author =       "David Stemple and Subhasish Mazumdar and Tim Sheard",
  title =        "On the modes and meaning of feedback to transaction
                 designers",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "374--386",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p374-stemple/p374-stemple.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p374-stemple/",
  abstract =     "An analysis of database transactions in the presence
                 of database integrity constraints can lead to several
                 modes of feedback to transaction designers. The
                 different kinds of feedback include tests and updates
                 that could be added to the transaction to make it obey
                 the integrity constraints, as well as predicates
                 representing post-conditions guaranteed by a
                 transaction's execution. We discuss the various modes,
                 meanings, and uses of feedback. We also discuss methods
                 of generating feedback from integrity constraints,
                 transaction details and theorems constituting both
                 generic knowledge of database systems and specific
                 knowledge about a particular database. Our methods are
                 based on a running system that generates tailored
                 theories about database systems from their schemas and
                 uses these theories to prove that transactions obey
                 integrity constraints.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Documentation; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Transaction processing};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- General
                 (H.2.0): {\bf Security, integrity, and protection**};
                 Theory of Computation --- Logics and Meanings of
                 Programs --- Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning
                 about Programs (F.3.1): {\bf Pre- and post-conditions};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Normal forms}",
}

@InProceedings{Rubenstein:1987:BSD,
  author =       "W. B. Rubenstein and M. S. Kubicar and R. G. G.
                 Cattell",
  title =        "Benchmarking simple database operations",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "387--394",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p387-rubenstein/p387-rubenstein.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p387-rubenstein/",
  abstract =     "There are two widely-known benchmarks for database
                 management systems the TP1 benchmarks (Anon {\em et
                 al\/} [1985]), designed to measure transaction
                 throughout, and the Wisconsin benchmarks (Bitton,
                 Dewitt, Turbyfil [1984]), designed to measure the
                 performance of a relational query processor. In our
                 work with databases on engineering workstations, we
                 found neither of these benchmarks a suitable measure
                 for our applications' needs. Instead, our requirements
                 are for {\em response time\/} for simple queries. We
                 propose benchmark measurements to measure response
                 time, specifically designed for the simple,
                 object-oriented queries that engineering database
                 applications perform. We report results from running
                 this benchmark against some database systems we use
                 ourselves, and provide enough detail for others to
                 reproduce the benchmark measurements on other
                 relational, object-oriented, or specialized database
                 systems. We discuss a number of factors that make an
                 order of magnitude improvement in benchmark performance
                 caching the entire database in main memory, avoiding
                 query optimization overhead, using physical links for
                 prejoins, and using an alternative to the
                 generally-accepted database ``server'' architecture on
                 distributed networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Computer
                 Systems Organization --- Performance of Systems (C.4);
                 Computing Milieux --- Management of Computing and
                 Information Systems --- Installation Management
                 (K.6.2): {\bf Benchmarks}",
}

@InProceedings{Gray:1987:MRT,
  author =       "Jim Gray and Franco Putzolu",
  title =        "The $5$ minute rule for trading memory for disc
                 accesses and the $10$ byte rule for trading memory for
                 {CPU} time",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "395--398",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p395-gray/p395-gray.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p395-gray/",
  abstract =     "If an item is accessed frequently enough, it should be
                 main memory resident. For current technology,
                 ``frequently enough'' means about every five minutes.
                 \par

                 Along a similar vein, one can frequently trade memory
                 space for CPU time. For example, bits can be packed in
                 a byte at the expense of extra instructions to extract
                 the bits. It makes economic sense to spend ten bytes of
                 main memory to save one instruction per second.
                 \par

                 These results depend on current price ratios of
                 processors, memory and disc accesses. These ratios are
                 changing and hence the constants in the rules are
                 changing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance; Reliability; Theory",
  subject =      "Computer Systems Organization --- Performance of
                 Systems (C.4); Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Physical Design (H.2.2); Information
                 Systems --- Information Storage and Retrieval ---
                 Information Storage (H.3.2)",
}

@InProceedings{Richardson:1987:DEP,
  author =       "James P. Richardson and Hongjun Lu and Krishna
                 Mikkilineni",
  title =        "Design and evaluation of parallel pipelined join
                 algorithms",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "399--409",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p399-richardson/p399-richardson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p399-richardson/",
  abstract =     "The join operation is the most costly operation in
                 relational database management systems. Distributed and
                 parallel processing can effectively speed up the join
                 operation. In this paper, we describe a number of
                 highly parallel and pipelined multiprocessor join
                 algorithms using sort-merge and hashing techniques.
                 Among them, two algorithms are parallel and pipelined
                 versions of traditional sort-merge join methods, two
                 algorithms use both hashing and sort-merge techniques,
                 and another two are variations of the hybrid hash join
                 algorithms. The performance of those algorithms is
                 evaluated analytically against a generic database
                 machine architecture. The methodology used in the
                 design and evaluation of these algorithms is also
                 discussed. \par

                 The results of the analysis indicate that using a
                 hashing technique to partition the source relations can
                 dramatically reduce the elapsed time hash-based
                 algorithms outperform sort-merge algorithms in almost
                 all cases because of their high parallelism. Hash-based
                 sort-merge and hybrid hash methods provide similar
                 performance in most cases. With large source relations,
                 the algorithms which replicate the smaller relation
                 usually give better elapsed time. Sharing memory among
                 processors also improves performance somewhat.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Performance; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Mathematics
                 of Computing --- Numerical Analysis --- General
                 (G.1.0): {\bf Parallel algorithms}",
}

@InProceedings{Butler:1987:SRO,
  author =       "Margaret H. Butler",
  title =        "Storage reclamation in object oriented database
                 systems",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "410--425",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p410-butler/p410-butler.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p410-butler/",
  abstract =     "When providing data management for nontraditional
                 data, database systems encounter storage reclamation
                 problems similar to those encountered by virtual memory
                 managers. The paging behavior of existing automatic
                 storage reclamation schemes as applied to objects
                 stored in a database management system is one indicator
                 of the performance cost of various features of storage
                 reclamation algorithms. The results of modeling the
                 paging behavior suggest that Mark and Sweep causes many
                 more input/output operations than Copy-Compact. A
                 contributing factor to the expense of Mark and Sweep is
                 that it does not recluster memory as does Copy-Compact.
                 If memory is not reclustered, the average cost of
                 accessing data can go up tremendously. Other algorithms
                 that do not recluster memory also suffer performance
                 problems, namely all reference counting schemes. The
                 main advantage of a reference count scheme is that it
                 does not force a running program to pause for a long
                 period of time while reclamation takes place, it
                 amortizes the cost of reclamation across all accesses.
                 The reclustering of Copy-Compact and the cost
                 amortization of Reference Count are combined to great
                 advantage in Baker's algorithm. This algorithm proves
                 to be the least prohibitive for operating on disk-based
                 data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Storage (H.3.2)",
}

@InProceedings{Faloutsos:1987:AOO,
  author =       "Christos Faloutsos and Timos Sellis and Nick
                 Roussopoulos",
  title =        "Analysis of object oriented spatial access methods",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "426--439",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p426-faloutsos/p426-faloutsos.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p426-faloutsos/",
  abstract =     "This paper provides an analysis of R-trees and a
                 variation (R + -trees) that avoids overlapping
                 rectangles in intermediate nodes of the tree. The main
                 contributions of the paper are the following. We
                 provide the first known analysis of R-trees. Although
                 formulas are given for objects in one dimension (line
                 segments), they can be generalized for objects in
                 higher dimensions as well. We show how the
                 transformation of objects to higher dimensions [HINR83]
                 can be effectively used as a tool for the analysis of
                 R- and R + - trees. Finally, we derive formulas for R +
                 -trees and compare the two methods analytically. The
                 results we obtained show that R + -trees require less
                 than half the disk accesses required by a corresponding
                 R-tree when searching files of real life sizes R +
                 -trees are clearly superior in cases where there are
                 few long segments and a lot of small ones.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Physical Design (H.2.2): {\bf Access methods};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Systems
                 (H.2.4)",
}

@InProceedings{Hanson:1987:PAV,
  author =       "Eric N. Hanson",
  title =        "A performance analysis of view materialization
                 strategies",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "440--453",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p440-hanson/p440-hanson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p440-hanson/",
  abstract =     "The conventional way to process commands for
                 relational views is to use query modification to
                 translate the commands into ones on the base relations.
                 An alternative approach has been proposed recently,
                 whereby materialized copies of views are kept, and
                 incrementally updated immediately after each
                 modification of the database. A related scheme exists,
                 in which update of materialized views is deferred until
                 just before data is retrieved from the view. A
                 performance analysis is presented comparing the cost of
                 query modification, immediate view maintenance, and
                 deferred view maintenance. Three different models of
                 the structure of views are given a simple selection and
                 projection of one relation, the natural join of two
                 relations, and an aggregate (e.g., the sum of values in
                 a column) over a selection-projection view. The results
                 show that the choice of the most efficient view
                 maintenance method depends heavily on the structure of
                 the database, the view definition, and the type of
                 query and update activity present.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Languages; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1); Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Physical Design (H.2.2)",
}

@InProceedings{Segev:1987:LMT,
  author =       "Arie Segev and Arie Shoshani",
  title =        "Logical modeling of temporal data",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "454--466",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p454-segev/p454-segev.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p454-segev/",
  abstract =     "In this paper we examine the semantics and develop
                 constructs for temporal data independent of any
                 traditional data model, such as the relational or
                 network data models. Unlike many other works which
                 extend existing models to support temporal data, our
                 purpose is to characterize the properties of temporal
                 data and operators over them without being influenced
                 by traditional models which were not specifically
                 designed to model temporal data. We develop data
                 constructs that represent sequences of temporal values,
                 identify their semantic properties, and define
                 operations over these structures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Theory of Computation --- Logics and Meanings of
                 Programs --- Semantics of Programming Languages
                 (F.3.2): {\bf Algebraic approaches to semantics};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Software ---
                 Programming Languages --- Language Constructs and
                 Features (D.3.3): {\bf Abstract data types}",
}

@InProceedings{McKenzie:1987:ERA,
  author =       "Edwin McKenzie and Richard Snodgrass",
  title =        "Extending the relational algebra to support
                 transaction time",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "467--478",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p467-mckenzie/p467-mckenzie.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p467-mckenzie/",
  abstract =     "In this paper we discuss extensions to the
                 conventional relational algebra to support transaction
                 time. We show that these extensions are applicable to
                 historical algebras that support valid time, yielding a
                 temporal algebraic language. Since transaction time
                 concerns the storage of information in the database,
                 the notion of state is central. The extensions are
                 formalized using denotational semantics. The additions
                 preserve the useful properties of the conventional
                 relational algebra.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4):
                 {\bf Transaction processing}; Theory of Computation ---
                 Logics and Meanings of Programs --- Semantics of
                 Programming Languages (F.3.2): {\bf Algebraic
                 approaches to semantics}",
}

@InProceedings{Rubenstein:1987:DDM,
  author =       "W. Bradley Rubenstein",
  title =        "A database design for musical information",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "479--490",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p479-rubenstein/p479-rubenstein.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p479-rubenstein/",
  abstract =     "As part of our research into a general purpose data
                 management system for musical information, a major
                 focus has been the development of tools to support a
                 data model for music. This paper first outlines the
                 various types of information that fall under the
                 purview of our proposed data manager. We consider
                 extensions to the entity-relationship data model to
                 implement the notion of {\em hierarchical ordering},
                 commonly found in musical data. We then present
                 examples from our schema for representing musical
                 notation in a database, taking advantage of these
                 extensions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design",
  subject =      "Computer Applications --- Arts and Humanities (J.5):
                 {\bf Music**}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- General (H.2.0); Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf
                 Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Hudson:1987:OOD,
  author =       "Scott E. Hudson and Roger King",
  title =        "Object-oriented database support for software
                 environments",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "491--503",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p491-hudson/p491-hudson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p491-hudson/",
  abstract =     "Cactis is an object-oriented, multi-user DBMS
                 developed at the University of Colorado. The
                 implementation is self-adaptive and concurrent, and
                 runs in the Unix/C Sun workstation environment. A
                 central, unique focus of Cactis is the support of
                 functionally-defined data in a manner which provides
                 good performance. Cactis is intended for use in
                 applications which are conducive to an object-oriented
                 approach and involve derived data. Such applications
                 include software environments. \par

                 Cactis supports the construction of objects and
                 type/subtype hierarchies, which are useful for managing
                 the complex and highly-interrelated data found in
                 software environments. Such data types include
                 programs, requirement specifications, milestone
                 reports, configurations, documentation, and many
                 others. Cactis uses techniques based on attributed
                 graphs to ensure that functionally-defined attributes
                 of objects, such as compilation dependencies, cost
                 calculations, and milestone dependencies can be
                 maintained efficiently. Since it is necessary to
                 dynamically add new tools (such as debuggers and
                 compilers) to a software environment, the DBMS allows
                 the user to extend the type structure. The system also
                 supports an efficient rollback and recovery mechanism,
                 which provides the framework for a software version
                 facility.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design",
  subject =      "Software --- Software Engineering --- Programming
                 Environments (D.2.6); Software --- Programming
                 Languages --- Language Constructs and Features (D.3.3);
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Croft:1987:SOD,
  author =       "W. B. Croft and D. W. Stemple",
  title =        "Supporting office document architectures with
                 constrained types",
  crossref =     "Dayal:1987:PAC",
  pages =        "504--509",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/38713/p504-croft/p504-croft.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/38713/p504-croft/",
  abstract =     "Data models have been proposed as a means of defining
                 the objects and operations in an office information
                 system. Office documents, because of their highly
                 variable structure and multimedia content, are a
                 difficult class of objects to model. The modeling task
                 is further complicated by document architecture
                 standards used for interchange between systems. We
                 present an approach to data modeling based on
                 constrained type definitions that allows architecture
                 standards to be defined and ensures that individual
                 document types conform to those standards. The ADABTPL
                 model, which is used to define the schema of document
                 types and standards, is described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Systems
                 Applications --- Office Automation (H.4.1); Software
                 --- Programming Languages --- Language Constructs and
                 Features (D.3.3): {\bf Data types and structures};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Software ---
                 Programming Languages --- Language Constructs and
                 Features (D.3.3): {\bf Abstract data types}",
}

@InProceedings{Delgrande:1987:FBA,
  author =       "J. P. Delgrande",
  title =        "Formal Bounds on Automatic Generation and Maintenance
                 of Integrity Constraints",
  crossref =     "ACM:1987:PPS",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Chandra:1988:TDQ,
  author =       "Ashok K. Chandra",
  title =        "Theory of database queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "1--9",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p1-chandra/p1-chandra.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p1-chandra/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Swami:1988:OLJ,
  author =       "Arun Swami and Anoop Gupta",
  title =        "Optimization of large join queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "8--17",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p8-swami/p8-swami.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p8-swami/",
  abstract =     "We investigate the problem of optimizing
                 Select--Project--Join queries with large numbers of
                 joins. Taking advantage of commonly used heuristics,
                 the problem is reduced to that of determining the
                 optimal join order. This is a hard combinatorial
                 optimization problem. Some general techniques, such as
                 iterative improvement and simulated annealing, have
                 often proved effective in attacking a wide variety of
                 combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we
                 apply these general algorithms to the large join query
                 optimization problem. We use the statistical techniques
                 of factorial experiments and analysis of variance
                 (ANOVA) to obtain reliable values for the parameters of
                 these algorithms and to compare these algorithms. One
                 interesting result of our experiments is that the
                 relatively simple iterative improvement proves to be
                 better than all the other algorithms (included the more
                 complex simulated annealing). We also find that the
                 general algorithms do quite well at the maximum time
                 limit.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Theory",
  subject =      "Computing Methodologies --- Simulation and Modeling
                 --- Applications (I.6.3); Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query
                 processing}; Mathematics of Computing --- Numerical
                 Analysis --- Optimization (G.1.6); Mathematics of
                 Computing --- Numerical Analysis --- Numerical Linear
                 Algebra (G.1.3): {\bf Linear systems (direct and
                 iterative methods)}; Mathematics of Computing ---
                 Discrete Mathematics --- Combinatorics (G.2.1): {\bf
                 Combinatorial algorithms}",
}

@InProceedings{Kuper:1988:EPL,
  author =       "Gabriel M. Kuper",
  title =        "On the expressive power of logic programming languages
                 with sets",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "10--14",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p10-kuper/p10-kuper.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p10-kuper/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Shmueli:1988:RRC,
  author =       "Oded Shmueli and Shalom Tsur and Carlo Zaniolo",
  title =        "Rewriting of rules containing set terms in a logic
                 data language {LDL}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "15--28",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p15-shmueli/p15-shmueli.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p15-shmueli/",
  abstract =     "We propose compilation methods for supporting set
                 terms in Horn clause programs, without using
                 general-purpose set matching algorithms, which tend to
                 run in times exponential in the size of the
                 participating sets Instead, we take the approach of
                 formulating specialized computation plans that, by
                 taking advantage of information available in the given
                 rules, limit the number of alternatives explored. Our
                 strategy is to employ {\em compile time\/} rewriting
                 techniques and to transform the problem into an
                 ``ordinary'' Horn clause compilation problem, with
                 minimal additional overhead. The execution cost of the
                 rewritten rules is substantially lower than that of the
                 original rules and the additional cost of compilation
                 can thus be amortized over many executions",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lohman:1988:GLF,
  author =       "Guy M. Lohman",
  title =        "Grammar-like functional rules for representing query
                 optimization alternatives",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "18--27",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p18-lohman/p18-lohman.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p18-lohman/",
  abstract =     "Extensible query optimization requires that the
                 ``repertoire'' of alternative strategies for executing
                 queries be represented as data, not embedded in the
                 optimizer code. Recognizing that query optimizers are
                 essentially expert systems, several researchers have
                 suggested using strategy rules to transform query
                 execution plans into alternative or better plans.
                 Though extremely flexible, these systems can be very
                 inefficient at any step in the processing, many rules
                 may be eligible for application and complicated
                 conditions must be tested to determine that eligibility
                 during unification. We present a constructive,
                 ``building blocks'' approach to defining alternative
                 plans, in which the rules defining alternatives are an
                 extension of the productions of a grammar to resemble
                 the definition of a function in mathematics. The
                 extensions permit each token of the grammar to be
                 parametrized and each of its alternative definitions to
                 have a complex condition. The terminals of the grammar
                 are base-level database operations on tables that are
                 interpreted at run-time. The non-terminals are defined
                 declaratively by production rules that combine those
                 operations into meaningful plans for execution. Each
                 production produces a set of alternative plans, each
                 having a vector of properties, including the estimated
                 cost of producing that plan. Productions can require
                 certain properties of their inputs, such as tuple order
                 and location, and we describe a ``glue'' mechanism for
                 augmenting plans to achieve the required properties. We
                 give detailed examples to illustrate the power and
                 robustness of our rules and to contrast them with
                 related ideas.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}; Theory of
                 Computation --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
                 --- Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems (F.4.2): {\bf
                 Grammar types}; Information Systems --- Information
                 Storage and Retrieval --- Information Search and
                 Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Clustering}",
}

@InProceedings{Muralikrishna:1988:EDM,
  author =       "M. Muralikrishna and David J. DeWitt",
  title =        "Equi-depth multidimensional histograms",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "28--36",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:40 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p28-muralikrishna/p28-muralikrishna.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p28-muralikrishna/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Paredaens:1988:PLU,
  author =       "Jan Paredaens and Dirk Van Gucht",
  title =        "Possibilities and limitations of using flat operators
                 in nested algebra expressions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "29--38",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p29-paredaens/p29-paredaens.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p29-paredaens/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Garza:1988:TMO,
  author =       "Jorge F. Garza and Won Kim",
  title =        "Transaction management in an object-oriented database
                 system",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "37--45",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p37-garza/p37-garza.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p37-garza/",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we describe transaction management in
                 ORION, an object-oriented database system. The
                 application environments for which ORION is intended
                 led us to implement the notions of sessions of
                 transactions, and hypothetical transactions
                 (transactions which always abort). The object-oriented
                 data model which ORION implements complicates locking
                 requirements. ORION supports a concurrency control
                 mechanism based on extensions to the current theory of
                 locking, and a transaction recovery mechanism based on
                 conventional logging.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Reliability; Security",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Physical Design (H.2.2):
                 {\bf Recovery and restart}; Information Systems ---
                 Information Storage and Retrieval --- Systems and
                 Software (H.3.4): {\bf ORION}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Database Administration
                 (H.2.7): {\bf Logging and recovery}; Data --- Files
                 (E.5): {\bf Backup/recovery}",
}

@InProceedings{Hull:1988:EPD,
  author =       "Richard Hull and Jianwen Su",
  title =        "On the expressive power of database queries with
                 intermediate types",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "39--51",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p39-hull/p39-hull.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p39-hull/",
  abstract =     "The {\em set-height\/} of a complex object type is
                 defined to be its level of nesting of the set
                 construct. In a query of the complex object calculus
                 which maps a database {$D$} to an output type {\em T},
                 an {\em intermediate type\/} is a type which is used by
                 some variable of the query, but which is not present in
                 {$D$} or {\em T}. For each $k$, $i$ ? 0 we define CALC
                 {\em k,i\/} to be the family of calculus queries
                 mapping from and to types with set-height $k$ and using
                 intermediate types with set-height $i$ In particular,
                 CALC 0,0 is the relational calculus, and CALC 0,1 is
                 equivalent to the family of second-order (relational)
                 queries \par

                 Several results concerning these families of languages
                 are obtained. A primary focus is on the families CALC
                 0,i, which map relations to relations Upper bounds on
                 the complexity of these families are provided, and it
                 is shown that CALC 0,3 has at least the complexity of
                 exponential space. The CALC 0,i hierarchy does not
                 collapse, because for each {\em i}, CALC 0,i is
                 strictly less expressive than CALC 0,i+2. The union 0i
                 CALC 0,i is strictly less expressive than the family of
                 `computable' database queries. \par

                 The expressive power of queries from the complex object
                 calculus interpreted using a semantics based on the use
                 of arbitrarily large finite numbers of {\em invented
                 values\/} is studied. Under this semantics, the
                 expressive power of the relational calculus is not
                 increased, and the CALC 0,i hierarchy collapses at CALC
                 0,1. We also consider queries which use a bounded
                 number of invented values.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Jagannathan:1988:SDS,
  author =       "D. Jagannathan and B. L. Fritchman and R. L. Guck and
                 J. P. Thompson and D. M. Tolbert",
  title =        "{SIM}: a database system based on the semantic data
                 model",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "46--55",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p46-jagannathan/p46-jagannathan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p46-jagannathan/",
  abstract =     "SIM is a fully featured, commercially available
                 database management system based on a semantic data
                 model similar to Hammer and McLeod's SDM SIM has two
                 primary modeling goals. The first is to narrow the gap
                 between a user's real-world perception of data and the
                 conceptual view imposed by the database system because
                 of modeling presuppositions or limitations. The second
                 goal is to allow, as much as possible, the semantics of
                 data to be defined in the schema and make the database
                 system responsible for enforcing its integrity SIM
                 provides a rich set of constructs for schema
                 definition, including those for specifying
                 generalization hierarchies modeled by directed acyclic
                 graphs, interobject relationships and integrity
                 constraints. It also features a novel, easy-to-use,
                 English-like DML. This paper describes the key modeling
                 features of SIM, the architecture of the system and its
                 implementation considerations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Software ---
                 Programming Languages --- Language Classifications
                 (D.3.2): {\bf Nonprocedural languages**}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation
                 --- Languages and Systems (I.1.3): {\bf Nonprocedural
                 languages**}",
}

@InProceedings{Kifer:1988:AAD,
  author =       "Michael Kifer and Raghu Ramakrishnan and Avi
                 Silberschatz",
  title =        "An axiomatic approach to deciding query safety in
                 deductive databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "52--60",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p52-kifer/p52-kifer.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p52-kifer/",
  abstract =     "A database query is {\em safe\/} if its result
                 consists of a finite set of tuples. If a query is
                 expressed using a set of pure Horn Clauses, the problem
                 of determining query safety is, in general,
                 undecidable. In this paper we consider a slightly
                 stronger notion of safety, called {\em supersafety},
                 for Horn databases in which function symbols are
                 replaced by the abstraction of infinite relations with
                 {\em finiteness constraints\/} [Ramarkrishman et. al
                 87] We show that the supersafety problem is not only
                 decidable, but also {\em axiomatizable}, and the
                 axiomatization yields an effective decision procedure.
                 Although there are safe queries which are not
                 supersafe, we demonstrate that the latter represent
                 quite a large and nontrivial portion of the safe of all
                 safe queries",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Caruso:1988:CMO,
  author =       "Michael Caruso and Edward Sciore",
  title =        "Contexts and metamessages in object-oriented database
                 programming language design",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "56--65",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p56-caruso/p56-caruso.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p56-caruso/",
  abstract =     "VISION is an object-oriented database system currently
                 used commercially to develop investment analysis and
                 other large statistical applications. Characteristic of
                 these applications, beside the standard issues of
                 structural and computational richness, is the need to
                 handle time, versions, and concurrency control in a
                 manner that does not produce combinatoric complexity in
                 object protocol. This paper describes the approach
                 taken by VISION in addressing these issues.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Languages (H.2.3): {\bf Query languages}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4):
                 {\bf Concurrency}; Computer Applications ---
                 Administrative Data Processing (J.1): {\bf Financial}",
}

@InProceedings{Chomicki:1988:TDD,
  author =       "Jan Chomicki and Tomasz Imieli{\'n}ski",
  title =        "Temporal deductive databases and infinite objects",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "61--73",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p61-chomicki/p61-chomicki.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p61-chomicki/",
  abstract =     "We discuss deductive databases with one fixed
                 occurrence of a monadic function symbol({\em
                 successor\/}) per predicate Databases of this kind can
                 be used in a natural way to model simple patterns of
                 events repeated in time, and this is why we term them
                 {\em temporal}. Temporal deductive databases are also
                 interesting from a theoretical point of view, because
                 they give rise to {\em infinite\/} least fix-points and
                 {\em infinite\/} query answers. We study complexity
                 properties of finite query answers and define the
                 notion of {\em infinite objects\/} which makes some
                 infinite least fixpoints computable in finite time",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Laurent:1988:PSI,
  author =       "D. Laurent and N. Spyratis",
  title =        "Partition semantics for incomplete information in
                 relational databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "66--73",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p66-laurent/p66-laurent.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p66-laurent/",
  abstract =     "We define partition semantics for databases with
                 incomplete information and we present an algorithm for
                 query processing in the presence of incomplete
                 information and functional dependencies. We show that
                 Lipski's model for databases with incomplete
                 information can be seen as a special case of our
                 model.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Logical Design
                 (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Software --- Programming
                 Languages --- Formal Definitions and Theory (D.3.1):
                 {\bf Syntax}; Theory of Computation --- Mathematical
                 Logic and Formal Languages --- Formal Languages
                 (F.4.3): {\bf Classes defined by grammars or
                 automata}",
}

@InProceedings{Ullman:1988:COS,
  author =       "Jeffrey D. Ullman and Moshe Y. Vardi",
  title =        "The complexity of ordering subgoals",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "74--81",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p74-ullman/p74-ullman.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p74-ullman/",
  abstract =     "Selection of an appropriate order for the evaluation
                 of subgoals in a logical rule frequently is essential
                 for efficiency. We formulate the problem as one of
                 feasible subgoal orders and show that the question is
                 inherently exponential in time. The proof is by
                 reduction from linear-space alternating Turing machine
                 recognition, which appears to be far easier, in this
                 case, than the more obvious reduction from
                 exponential-time (ordinary) Turing machines",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Yuan:1988:SCQ,
  author =       "Li Yan Yuan and Ding-An Chiang",
  title =        "A sound and complete query evaluation algorithm for
                 relational databases with null values",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "74--81",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p74-yuan/p74-yuan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p74-yuan/",
  abstract =     "Reiter has proposed extended relational theory to
                 formulate relational databases with null values and
                 presented a query evaluation algorithm for such
                 databases. However, due to indefinite information
                 brought in by null values, Reiter's algorithm is sound
                 but not complete. In this paper, we first propose an
                 extended relation to represent indefinite information
                 in relational databases. Then, we define an extended
                 relational algebra for extended relations. Based on
                 Reiter's extended relational theory, and our extended
                 relations and the extended relational algebra, we
                 present a sound and complete query evaluation algorithm
                 for relational databases with null values",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4):
                 {\bf Query processing}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Languages (H.2.3): {\bf Query
                 languages}",
}

@InProceedings{Morris:1988:AOS,
  author =       "Katherine A. Morris",
  title =        "An algorithm for ordering subgoals in {NAIL?}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "82--88",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p82-morris/p82-morris.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p82-morris/",
  abstract =     "Rule-goal graphs are the central data structures used
                 in the NAIL system, a knowledge-base system being
                 developed at Stanford University They are constructed
                 while testing the applicability of {\em capture rules},
                 and traversed while generating ICODE to evaluate
                 queries. Generating rule-goal graphs may be reduced to
                 the problem of ordering subgoals. This paper gives an
                 algorithm for generating rule-goal graphs efficiently,
                 in time polynomial in the size of the rules if the
                 arity of recursive predicates is bounded. The graphs
                 generated may be suboptimal for some purposes, but the
                 algorithm will always find a rule-goal graph if one
                 exists. The algorithm has been implemented in Cprolog,
                 and is currently being used to generate rule-goal
                 graphs for the NAIL system",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Malvestuto:1988:DPS,
  author =       "F. M. Malvestuto",
  title =        "The derivation problem of summary data",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "82--89",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p82-malvestuto/p82-malvestuto.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p82-malvestuto/",
  abstract =     "Given a statistical database consisting of two summary
                 tables based on a common but not identical
                 classification criterion (e.g., two geographical
                 partitionings of a country) there are additional
                 summary tables that are {\em derivable\/} in the sense
                 that they are uniquely (i.e., with no uncertainty)
                 determined by the tables given. Derivable tables
                 encompass not only, of course, ``less detailed'' tables
                 (that is, aggregated data) but also ``more detailed''
                 tables (that is, disaggregated data). Tables of the
                 second type can be explicitly constructed by using a
                 ``procedure of data refinement'' based on the graph
                 representation of the correspondences between the
                 categories of the two classification systems given in
                 some cases, that is, when such a graph representation
                 meets the {\em acyclicity\/} condition, the underlying
                 database is ``equivalent'' to a single table (called
                 {\em representative table\/}) and then a necessary and
                 sufficient condition for a table to be derivable can be
                 stated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Theory",
  subject =      "Mathematics of Computing --- Discrete Mathematics ---
                 Graph Theory (G.2.2): {\bf Graph algorithms}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Image Processing And Computer Vision
                 --- Segmentation (I.4.6): {\bf Region growing,
                 partitioning}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing};
                 Data --- Data Structures (E.1): {\bf Tables**};
                 Mathematics of Computing --- Probability and Statistics
                 (G.3): {\bf Statistical computing}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence --- Vision
                 and Scene Understanding (I.2.10): {\bf Modeling and
                 recovery of physical attributes}",
}

@InProceedings{Ramakrishnan:1988:OED,
  author =       "Raghu Ramakrishnan and Catriel Beeri and Ravi
                 Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Optimizing existential datalog queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "89--102",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p89-ramakrishnan/p89-ramakrishnan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p89-ramakrishnan/",
  abstract =     "The problem of pushing projections in recursive rules
                 has received little attention. The objective of this
                 paper is to motivate this problem and present some
                 (partial) solutions. We consider programs with
                 function-free rules, also known as {\em Datalog\/}
                 programs. After formally defining existential
                 subqueries, we present a syntactic criterion for
                 detecting them and then consider optimization in three
                 areas (1) We identify the existential subqueries and
                 make them explicit by rewriting the rules. This, in
                 effect, automatically captures some aspects of Prolog's
                 {\em cut\/} operator that are appropriate to the
                 bottom-up model of computation (2) We eliminate
                 argument positions in recursive rules by ``pushing
                 projections'' (3) We observe that ``pushing
                 projections'' in rules also has the effect of making
                 some rules (even recursive rules) redundant and try to
                 (identify and) discard them",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Alexander:1988:PDC,
  author =       "W. Alexander and G. Copeland",
  title =        "Process and dataflow control in distributed
                 data-intensive systems",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "90--98",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p90-alexander/p90-alexander.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p90-alexander/",
  abstract =     "{\em In dataflow architectures, each dataflow
                 operation is typically executed on a single physical
                 node. We are concerned with distributed data-intensive
                 systems, in which each base (i.e., persistent) set of
                 data has been declustered over many physical nodes to
                 achieve load balancing. Because of large base set size,
                 each operation is executed where the base set resides,
                 and intermediate results are transferred between
                 physical nodes. In such systems, each dataflow
                 operation is typically executed on many physical nodes.
                 Furthermore, because computations are data-dependent,
                 we cannot know until run time which subset of the
                 physical nodes containing a particular base set will be
                 involved in a given dataflow operation. This
                 uncertainty creates several problems}. \par

                 {\em We examine the problems of efficient program
                 loading, dataflow--operation activation and
                 termination, control of data transfer among dataflow
                 operations, and transaction commit and abort in a
                 distributed data-intensive system. We show how these
                 problems are interrelated, and we present a unified set
                 of mechanisms for efficiently solving them. For some of
                 the problems, we present several solutions and compare
                 them quantitatively}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design",
  subject =      "Computer Systems Organization --- Processor
                 Architectures --- Other Architecture Styles (C.1.3):
                 {\bf Data-flow architectures}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf
                 Distributed databases}; Computer Systems Organization
                 --- Processor Architectures --- Multiple Data Stream
                 Architectures (Multiprocessors) (C.1.2): {\bf Parallel
                 processors**}; Computer Systems Organization ---
                 Computer-Communication Networks --- Network
                 Architecture and Design (C.2.1): {\bf Packet-switching
                 networks}",
}

@InProceedings{Copeland:1988:DPB,
  author =       "George Copeland and William Alexander and Ellen
                 Boughter and Tom Keller",
  title =        "Data placement in {Bubba}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "99--108",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p99-copeland/p99-copeland.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p99-copeland/",
  abstract =     "{\em This paper examines the problem of data placement
                 in Bubba, a highly-parallel system for data-intensive
                 applications being developed at MCC.
                 ``Highly-parallel'' implies that load balancing is a
                 critical performance issue. ``Data-intensive'' means
                 data is so large that operations should be executed
                 where the data resides. As a result, data placement
                 becomes a critical performance issue}. \par

                 {\em In general, determining the optimal placement of
                 data across processing nodes for performance is a
                 difficult problem. We describe our heuristic approach
                 to solving the data placement problem in Bubba. We then
                 present experimental results using a specific workload
                 to provide insight into the problem. Several
                 researchers have argued the benefits of declustering (i
                 e, spreading each base relation over many nodes). We
                 show that as declustering is increased, load balancing
                 continues to improve. However, for transactions
                 involving complex joins, further declustering reduces
                 throughput because of communications, startup and
                 termination overhead}. \par

                 {\em We argue that data placement, especially
                 declustering, in a highly-parallel system must be
                 considered early in the design, so that mechanisms can
                 be included for supporting variable declustering, for
                 minimizing the most significant overheads associated
                 with large-scale declustering, and for gathering the
                 required statistics}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance; Security",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Computer Systems
                 Organization --- Processor Architectures --- Multiple
                 Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors) (C.1.2):
                 {\bf Parallel processors**}; Information Systems ---
                 Information Storage and Retrieval --- Information
                 Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Clustering};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Database Administration (H.2.7): {\bf Logging and
                 recovery}; Computer Systems Organization ---
                 Performance of Systems (C.4): {\bf Reliability,
                 availability, and serviceability}",
}

@InProceedings{Imielinski:1988:ECL,
  author =       "Tomasz Imielinski and Shamim Naqvi",
  title =        "Explicit control of logic programs through rule
                 algebra",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "103--116",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p103-imielinski/p103-imielinski.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p103-imielinski/",
  abstract =     "{\em In this paper we argue with a basic premise in
                 logic programming research that the meaning of a
                 program can be inferred from its syntax alone. We show
                 that users may have a variety of intended models for
                 programs and that a single program may give different
                 intended models under different assumptions of
                 semantics. Our conclusion is that it is impossible to
                 infer the intended model from the syntax of the program
                 and no single semantics will capture all the intended
                 models. We propose as a solution an explicit
                 specification of control. Towards this purpose we
                 define a rule algebra. The user formulates a program as
                 an algebraic specification that directs the execution
                 towards the intended model. The interesting question at
                 that point is how to efficiently implement such
                 programs. We show a natural and easy transformation
                 such that it takes as input an algebraic specification
                 and produces as output a program belonging to a
                 subclass of locally stratified programs. Moreover,
                 there is a homomorphic correspondence between the
                 algebraic expressions and their translations}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Patterson:1988:CRA,
  author =       "David A. Patterson and Garth Gibson and Randy H.
                 Katz",
  title =        "A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks
                 {(RAID)}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "109--116",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p109-patterson/p109-patterson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p109-patterson/",
  abstract =     "{\em Increasing performance of CPUs and memories will
                 be squandered if not matched by a similar performance
                 increase in I/O. While the capacity of Single Large
                 Expensive Disks (SLED) has grown rapidly, the
                 performance improvement of SLED has been modest.
                 Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), based on
                 the magnetic disk technology developed for personal
                 computers, offers an attractive alternative to SLED,
                 promising improvements of an order of magnitude in
                 performance, reliability, power consumption, and
                 scalability. This paper introduces five levels of
                 RAIDs, giving their relative cost/performance, and
                 compares RAID to an IBM 3380 and a Fujitsu Super
                 Eagle}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Hardware --- Input/Output and Data Communications ---
                 Performance Analysis and Design Aids** (B.4.4);
                 Hardware --- Memory Structures --- Performance Analysis
                 and Design Aids** (B.3.3); Hardware --- Memory
                 Structures --- Design Styles (B.3.2): {\bf Mass
                 storage}",
}

@InProceedings{Kumar:1988:SBT,
  author =       "Akhil Kumar and Michael Stonebraker",
  title =        "Semantics based transaction management techniques for
                 replicated data",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "117--125",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p117-kumar/p117-kumar.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p117-kumar/",
  abstract =     "Data is often replicated in distributed database
                 applications to improve availability and response time.
                 Conventional multi-copy algorithms deliver fast
                 response times and high availability for read-only
                 transactions while sacrificing these goals for updates.
                 In this paper, we propose a multi-copy algorithm that
                 works well in both retrieval and update environments by
                 exploiting special application semantics. By
                 subdividing transactions into various categories, and
                 utilizing a commutativity property, we demonstrate
                 cheaper techniques and show that they guarantee
                 correctness. A performance comparison between our
                 techniques and conventional ones quantifies the extent
                 of the savings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Measurement; Performance;
                 Reliability",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Distributed databases}; Computer
                 Systems Organization --- Performance of Systems (C.4):
                 {\bf Reliability, availability, and serviceability};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Systems
                 (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Computing Milieux ---
                 Management of Computing and Information Systems ---
                 Installation Management (K.6.2): {\bf Performance and
                 usage measurement}",
}

@InProceedings{Ramakrishna:1988:ABD,
  author =       "M. V. Ramakrishna and P. Mukhopadhyay",
  title =        "Analysis of bounded disorder file organization",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "117--125",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p117-ramakrishna/p117-ramakrishna.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p117-ramakrishna/",
  abstract =     "Recently Litwin and Lomet proposed the Bounded
                 Disorder (BD) file organization which uses a
                 combination of hashing and tree indexing Lomet provided
                 an approximate analysis with a mention of the
                 difficulty involved in exact modeling and analysis. The
                 performance analysis of the method involves solving a
                 classical sequential occupancy problem. We encountered
                 this problem in our attempt to obtain a general model
                 for single access and almost single access retrieval
                 methods developed in the recent years. In this paper,
                 we develop a probability model and present some
                 preliminary results of the exact analysis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Abbadi:1988:GPC,
  author =       "Amr El Abbadi and Sam Toueg",
  title =        "The group paradigm for concurrency control",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "126--134",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p126-el_abbadi/p126-el_abbadi.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p126-el_abbadi/",
  abstract =     "We propose a paradigm for developing, describing and
                 proving the correctness of concurrency control
                 protocols for replicated databases in the presence of
                 failures or communication restrictions. Our approach is
                 to hierarchically divide the problem of achieving
                 one-copy serializability by introducing the notion of a
                 ``group'' that is a higher level of abstraction than
                 transactions. Instead of dealing with the overall
                 problem of serializing all transactions, our paradigm
                 divides the problem into two simpler ones. (1) A {\em
                 local policy\/} for each group that ensures a total
                 order of all transactions in that group. (2) A {\em
                 global policy\/} that ensures a correct serialization
                 of all groups. We use the paradigm to demonstrate the
                 similarities between several concurrency control
                 protocols by comparing the way they achieve
                 correctness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance; Reliability",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf
                 Distributed databases}; Computer Systems Organization
                 --- Performance of Systems (C.4): {\bf Reliability,
                 availability, and serviceability}",
}

@InProceedings{Srivastava:1988:AMM,
  author =       "Jaideep Srivastava and Doron Rotem",
  title =        "Analytical modeling of materialized view maintenance",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "126--134",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p126-srivastava/p126-srivastava.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p126-srivastava/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Hadzilacos:1988:SGA,
  author =       "Thanasis Hadzilacos",
  title =        "Serialization graph algorithms for multiversion
                 concurrency control",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "135--141",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p135-hadzilacos/p135-hadzilacos.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p135-hadzilacos/",
  abstract =     "{\em We propose a new algorithmic framework for
                 database concurrency control using multiple versions of
                 data items and a serialization graph of the
                 transactions as a synchronization technique, which
                 generalizes all concurrency control methods known so
                 far. This class of algorithms, called MVSGA for Multi
                 Version Serialization Graph set of Algorithms, works by
                 monitoring the acyclicity of the serialization graph
                 which has nodes corresponding to transactions and arcs
                 corresponding to read-from and other transaction
                 positioning decisions made by the scheduler. For each
                 of the major known schedulers we give examples of MVSGA
                 schedulers that cover them}. \par

                 {\em We propose a criterion for optimality among MVSGA
                 schedulers Choice of versions to read from and relative
                 positioning of transactions in the serialization graph
                 should be done in a way that leaves the largest
                 flexibility possible for future choices. This
                 flexibility is measured as the number of pairs of nodes
                 in the serialization graph that remain incomparable.
                 Unfortunately, enforcing this criterion turns out to be
                 NP-complete, so we describe an MVSGA scheduler based on
                 a heuristic that approximates the optimal}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Breitbart:1988:MUI,
  author =       "Yuri Breitbart and Avi Silberschatz",
  title =        "Multidatabase update issues",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "135--142",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p135-breitbart/p135-breitbart.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p135-breitbart/",
  abstract =     "A formal model of data updates in a multidatabase
                 environment is developed, and a theory of concurrency
                 control in such an environment is presented. We
                 formulate a correctness condition for the concurrency
                 control mechanism and propose a protocol that allows
                 concurrent execution of a set of global transactions in
                 presence of local ones. This protocol ensures the
                 consistency of the multidatabase and deadlock freedom.
                 We use the developed theory to prove the protocol's
                 correctness and discuss complexity issues of
                 implementing the proposed protocol.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance; Reliability",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf
                 Distributed databases}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Database Administration
                 (H.2.7): {\bf Logging and recovery}",
}

@InProceedings{Kelter:1988:QPD,
  author =       "Udo Kelter",
  title =        "The queue protocol: a deadlock-free, homogeneous,
                 non-two-phase locking protocol",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "142--151",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p142-kelter/p142-kelter.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p142-kelter/",
  abstract =     "The M-pitfall protocol (MPP) is the most general
                 homogeneous non-two-phase locking protocol which
                 supports shared and exclusive locks. It has two major
                 disadvantages: it is not deadlock-free and it has the
                 paradoxical property that concurrency is often reduced
                 if shared locks are used instead of exclusive locks.
                 This paper presents a new protocol, the Queue Protocol
                 (QP), which removes these deficiencies. Although the QP
                 can be regarded an enhancement of the MPP, pitfalls are
                 no more used in the QP; thus, the QP has the further
                 advantage that processing overhead due to pitfalls is
                 avoided.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Abiteboul:1988:DFD,
  author =       "Serge Abiteboul and Richard Hull",
  title =        "Data functions, datalog and negation",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "143--153",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p143-abiteboul/p143-abiteboul.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p143-abiteboul/",
  abstract =     "Datalog is extended to incorporate single-valued
                 ``data functions'', which correspond to attributes in
                 semantic models, and which may be base (user-specified)
                 or derived (computed). Both conventional and stratified
                 datalog are considered. Under the extension, a datalog
                 program may not be consistent, because a derived
                 function symbol may evaluate to something which is not
                 a function. Consistency is shown to be undecidable, and
                 is decidable in a number of restricted cases. A
                 syntactic restriction, {\em panwise consistency}, is
                 shown to guarantee consistency. The framework developed
                 here can also be used to incorporate single-valued data
                 functions into the Complex Object Language (COL), which
                 supports deductive capabilities, complex database
                 objects, and set-valued data functions. \par

                 There is a natural correspondence between the extended
                 datalog introduced here, and the usual datalog with
                 functional dependencies. For families and of
                 dependencies and a family of datalog programs , the -
                 {\em implication problem\/} for asks, given sets F and
                 G and a program P in , whether for all inputs I, I @@@@
                 F implies P(I) @@@@ G. The FD-FD implication problem is
                 undecidable for datalog, and the TGD-EGD implication
                 problem is decidable for stratified datalog. Also, the
                 {\o}-MVD problem is undecidable (and hence also the
                 MVD-preservation problem).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages; Measurement; Performance",
  subject =      "Computing Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence
                 --- Natural Language Processing (I.2.7): {\bf DATALOG};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Systems
                 (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}; Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Languages (H.2.3): {\bf
                 DAPLEX}; Information Systems --- Database Management
                 --- Languages (H.2.3): {\bf Query languages}",
}

@InProceedings{Banciihon:1988:OOD,
  author =       "Fran{\c{c}}ois Banciihon",
  title =        "Object-oriented database systems",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "152--162",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p152-banciihon/p152-banciihon.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p152-banciihon/",
  abstract =     "This paper describes my vision of the current state of
                 object-oriented database research. I first briefly
                 define this field by its objectives, and relate it to
                 other database subfields. I describe what I consider to
                 be the main characteristics of an object oriented
                 system, i.e., those which are important to integrate in
                 a database system: encapsulation, object identity,
                 classes or types, inheritance, overriding and late
                 binding. I point out the differences between an object
                 oriented system and an object oriented database system.
                 I also point out the advantages and drawbacks of an
                 object oriented database system with respect to a
                 relational system. Finally, I list some research
                 issues.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Krishnamurthy:1988:FTS,
  author =       "Ravi Krishnamurthy and Raghu Ramakrishnan and Oded
                 Shmueli",
  title =        "A framework for testing safety and effective
                 computability of extended datalog",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "154--163",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p154-krishnamurthy/p154-krishnamurthy.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p154-krishnamurthy/",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a methodology for testing a
                 general logic program containing function symbols and
                 built-in predicates for {\em safety\/} and {\em
                 effective computability}. Safety is the property that
                 the set of answers for a given query is finite. A
                 related issues is whether the evaluation strategy can
                 effectively compute all answers and terminate. We
                 consider these problems under the assumption that
                 queries are evaluated using a bottom-up fixpoint
                 computation. We also approximate the use of function
                 symbols by considering Datalog programs with infinite
                 base relations over which {\em finiteness
                 constraints\/} and {\em monotonicity constraints\/} are
                 considered. One of the main results of this paper is a
                 recursive algorithm, {\em check_clique}, to test the
                 safety and effective computability of predicates in
                 arbitrarily complex cliques. This algorithm takes
                 certain procedures as parameters, and its applicability
                 can be strengthened by making these procedures more
                 sophisticated. We specify the properties required of
                 these procedures precisely, and present a formal proof
                 of correctness for algorithm {\em check_clique}. This
                 work provides a framework for testing safety and
                 effective computability of recursive programs, and is
                 based on a clique by clique analysis. The results
                 reported here form the basis of the safety testing for
                 the LDL language, being implemented at MCC.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Languages",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence --- Natural
                 Language Processing (I.2.7): {\bf DATALOG}; Theory of
                 Computation --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
                 --- Mathematical Logic (F.4.1): {\bf Logic and
                 constraint programming}; Computing Methodologies ---
                 Artificial Intelligence --- Deduction and Theorem
                 Proving (I.2.3): {\bf Logic programming}",
}

@InProceedings{Chan:1988:IRD,
  author =       "Edward P. F. Chan and Hector J. Hernandez",
  title =        "Independence-reducible database schemes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "163--173",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p163-chan/p163-chan.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p163-chan/",
  abstract =     "A class of cover embedding database schemes, called
                 independence-reducible, is proposed and is proven to be
                 bounded and algebraic-maintainable, and therefore is
                 highly desirable with respect to query answering and
                 constraint enforcement. This class of schemes is shown
                 to properly contain a superset of all previously known
                 classes of cover embedding BCNF database schemes which
                 are bounded (and constant-time-maintainable). An
                 efficient algorithm is found which recognizes exactly
                 this class of database schemes. Independence-reducible
                 database schemes properly contain a class of
                 constant-time-maintainable database schemes and a
                 condition which characterizes this class of schemes is
                 found, this condition can be tested efficiently.
                 Throughout, it is assumed that a cover of the
                 functional dependencies is embedded in the database
                 scheme in the form of key dependencies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Chen:1988:IMR,
  author =       "Qiming Chen and Georges Gardarin",
  title =        "An implementation model for reasoning with complex
                 objects",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "164--172",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p164-chen/p164-chen.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p164-chen/",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we first propose a natural syntactical
                 extension of DATALOG called NESTED_DATALOG for dealing
                 with complex objects represented as nested predicates.
                 Then, we introduce the token object model which is a
                 simple extension of the relational model with tokens to
                 represent complex objects and support referential
                 information sharing. An implementation model of a
                 NESTED_DATALOG program is defined by mapping it to the
                 token object model which remains a straightforward
                 extension of classical logical databases. Through this
                 work, we can accommodate two basic requirements. The
                 availability of a rule language for reasoning with
                 complex objects, and the mechanism for mapping a
                 complex object rule program to a relational DBMS
                 offering a pure DATALOG rule language. In summary, the
                 main contributions of the paper are the definition of a
                 rule language for complex objects and the development
                 of a technique to compile this complex object rule
                 language to classical DATALOG.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Theory; Verification",
  subject =      "Computing Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence
                 --- Natural Language Processing (I.2.7): {\bf DATALOG};
                 Computing Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence ---
                 Deduction and Theorem Proving (I.2.3): {\bf Logic
                 programming}; Theory of Computation --- Mathematical
                 Logic and Formal Languages --- Mathematical Logic
                 (F.4.1): {\bf Logic and constraint programming};
                 Mathematics of Computing --- Discrete Mathematics ---
                 Graph Theory (G.2.2): {\bf Trees}",
}

@InProceedings{Kim:1988:OFD,
  author =       "Myoung Ho Kim and Sakti Pramanik",
  title =        "Optimal file distribution for partial match
                 retrieval",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "173--182",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p173-kim/p173-kim.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p173-kim/",
  abstract =     "In this paper we present data distribution methods for
                 parallel processing environment. The primary objective
                 is to process partial match retrieval type queries for
                 parallel devices. \par

                 The main contribution of this paper is the development
                 of a new approach called FX (Fieldwise eXclusive)
                 distribution for maximizing data access concurrency. An
                 algebraic property of exclusive-or operation, and field
                 transformation techniques are fundamental to this data
                 distribution techniques. We have shown through theorems
                 and corollaries that this FX distribution approach
                 performs better than other methods proposed earlier. We
                 have also shown, by computing probability of optimal
                 distribution and query response time, that FX
                 distribution gives better performance than others over
                 a large class of partial match queries. This approach
                 presents a new basis in which optimal data distribution
                 for more general type of queries can be formulated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Computer Systems
                 Organization --- Performance of Systems (C.4): {\bf
                 Performance attributes}; Computer Systems Organization
                 --- Processor Architectures --- Multiple Data Stream
                 Architectures (Multiprocessors) (C.1.2): {\bf Parallel
                 processors**}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Distributed
                 databases}; Information Systems --- Database Management
                 --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}",
}

@InProceedings{Hegner:1988:DRS,
  author =       "Stephen J. Hegner",
  title =        "Decomposition of relational schemata into components
                 defined by both projection and restriction",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "174--183",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p174-hegner/p174-hegner.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p174-hegner/",
  abstract =     "A generalized approach to the decomposition of
                 relational schemata is developed in which the component
                 views may be defined using both restriction and
                 projection operators, thus admitting both horizontal
                 and vertical decompositions. The realization of
                 restrictions is enabled through the use of a Boolean
                 algebra of types, while true independence of
                 projections is modelled by permitting null values in
                 the base schema. The flavor of the approach is
                 algebraic, with the collection of all candidate views
                 of a decomposition modelled within a lattice-like
                 framework, and the actual decompositions arising as
                 Boolean subalgebraic. Central to the framework is the
                 notion of {\em sidimensional join dependency}, which
                 generalizes the classical notion of join dependency by
                 allowing the components of the join to be selected
                 horizontally as well as vertically. Several properties
                 of such dependencies are presented, including a
                 generalization of many of the classical results known
                 to be equivalent to schema acyclicity. Finally, a
                 characterization of the nature of dependencies which
                 participate in decompositions is presented. It is shown
                 that there are two major types, the bidimensional join
                 dependencies, which are tuple generating and allow
                 tuple removal by implicit encoding of knowledge, and
                 splitting dependencies, which simply partition the
                 database into two components.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Hutflesz:1988:TGF,
  author =       "Andreas Hutflesz and Hans-Werner Six and Peter
                 Widmayer",
  title =        "Twin grid files: space optimizing access schemes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "183--190",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p183-hutflesz/p183-hutflesz.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p183-hutflesz/",
  abstract =     "Storage access schemes for points, supporting spatial
                 searching, usually suffer from an undesirably low
                 storage space utilization. We show how a given set of
                 points can be distributed among two grid files in such
                 a way that storage space utilization is optimal. The
                 optimal twin grid file can be built practically as fast
                 as a standard grid file, i.e., the storage space
                 optimality is obtained at almost no extra cost. We
                 compare the performances of the standard grid file, the
                 optimal static twin grid file, and an efficient dynamic
                 twin grid file, where insertions and deletions trigger
                 the redistribution of points among the two grid files.
                 Twin grid files utilize storage space at roughly 90%,
                 as compared with the 69% of the standard grid file.
                 Typical range queries - the most important spatial
                 search operations - can be answered in twin grid files
                 at least as fast as in the standard grid file.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design",
  subject =      "Computer Systems Organization ---
                 Computer-Communication Networks --- Local and Wide-Area
                 Networks (C.2.5): {\bf Access schemes}; Information
                 Systems --- Information Storage and Retrieval ---
                 Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Search
                 process}; Information Systems --- Information Storage
                 and Retrieval --- Information Storage (H.3.2): {\bf
                 File organization}; Data --- Files (E.5): {\bf
                 Optimization**}; Data --- Files (E.5): {\bf
                 Organization/structure}",
}

@InProceedings{Batory:1988:CDS,
  author =       "D. S. Batory",
  title =        "Concepts for a database system compiler",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "184--192",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p184-batory/p184-batory.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p184-batory/",
  abstract =     "We propose a very simple formalism based on
                 parameterized types and a rule-based algebra to explain
                 the storage structures and algorithms of database
                 management systems. Implementations of DBMSs are
                 expressed as equations If all functions referenced in
                 the equations have been implemented the software for a
                 DBMS can be synthesized in minutes at little cost, in
                 contrast to current methods where man-years of effort
                 and hundreds of thousands of dollars are required. Our
                 research aims to develop a DBMS counterpart to today's
                 compiler-complier technologies",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ramakrishna:1988:HPA,
  author =       "M. V. Ramakrishna",
  title =        "Hashing practice: analysis of hashing and universal
                 hashing",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "191--199",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p191-ramakrishna/p191-ramakrishna.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p191-ramakrishna/",
  abstract =     "Much of the literature on hashing deals with overflow
                 handling (collision resolution) techniques and its
                 analysis. What does all the analytical results mean in
                 practice and how can they be achieved with practical
                 files? This paper considers the problem of achieving
                 analytical performance of hashing techniques in
                 practice with reference to successful search lengths,
                 unsuccessful search lengths and the expected worst case
                 performance (expected length of the longest probe
                 sequence). There has been no previous attempt to
                 explicitly link the analytical results to performance
                 of real life files. Also, the previously reported
                 experimental results deal mostly with successful search
                 lengths. We show why the well known division method
                 performs ``well'' under a specific model of selecting
                 the test file. We formulate and justify an hypothesis
                 that by choosing functions from a particular class of
                 hashing functions, the analytical performance can be
                 obtained in practice on real life files. Experimental
                 results presented strongly support our hypothesis.
                 Several interesting problems arising are mentioned in
                 conclusion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Theory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Storage (H.3.2): {\bf File
                 organization}; Data --- Data Storage Representations
                 (E.2): {\bf Hash-table representations}",
}

@InProceedings{Hadzilacos:1988:TSO,
  author =       "Thanasis Hadzilacos and Vassos Hadzilacos",
  title =        "Transaction synchronisation in object bases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "193--200",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p193-hadzilacos/p193-hadzilacos.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p193-hadzilacos/",
  abstract =     "In this paper we investigate the problem of
                 synchronising transactions in an object base. An object
                 base is a collection of objects, much the way a
                 database is a collection of data. An object, for our
                 purposes, consists of a collection of variables (whose
                 values at any point in time comprise the state of that
                 object) and a set of operations, called methods, that
                 are the only means of accessing (sensing or modifying)
                 the object's variables \par

                 There is a certain sense in which a traditional
                 database is an object base. It consists of ``objects''
                 (records, tuples or what have you) each of which has a
                 state that can be accessed only through the operations
                 Read and Write. The main difference is that in an
                 object base, each object supplies its own methods and
                 these are arbitrary. In particular, a method for a
                 certain object may call methods of other objects to
                 carry out its task. In contrast to certain models in
                 which objects correspond to ``levels of abstraction'',
                 our model is completely general in this respect for
                 example, it is permissible for a method of object {$A$}
                 to call a method of object {$B$} which, in turn, may
                 call some other method of object {$A$} again \par

                 One implication of this difference between data and
                 object bases is that in the latter the assumption,
                 commonly made in the former, that the operations which
                 manipulate the state of the objects are short enough to
                 be implemented serially (one at a time) is no longer
                 valid. A related implication is that in object bases we
                 are faced with the necessity of dealing with nested
                 transactions, since the invocation of one method may
                 result in further method invocations \par

                 Another, less fundamental, difference between data and
                 object bases is that, in addition to being of uniform
                 type, the ``objects'' of a database are usually assumed
                 to be of uniform size as well. In an object base one
                 can imagine objects of widely differing sizes. A clock
                 and the New York City telephone directory could be
                 objects differing in size by orders of magnitude, yet
                 co-existing in the same object base \par

                 In spite of these differences it is possible to
                 approach concurrency control in an object base in the
                 following way. Each object is viewed as a database
                 item. Further, each method invocation is treated as a
                 group of Read or Write operations on those data items
                 that were accessed as a result of that method
                 invocation. With these analogies, any conventional
                 database concurrency control method (two-phase locking,
                 timestamp ordering, certification, and the whole lot)
                 can be employed to synchronise concurrent transactions
                 in the object base. This approach has the virtue of
                 simplicity and may be well-suited to certain
                 environments. It is, for example, the approach taken in
                 the GemStone project and product (cf Maier and Stein
                 [1987], Purdy {\em et al\/} [1987]) \par

                 We are interested in exploring approaches to
                 concurrency control in object bases which take into
                 account their special features and differences from
                 databases. The hope is that this will lead to more
                 efficient techniques. More specifically, we would like
                 to consider mechanisms that \par

                 Take into account the nested nature of transactions
                 \par

                 Allow methods accessing an object to execute
                 concurrently (but correctly) This seems especially
                 important as multiprocessors become available, since
                 forcing serial access to an object's methods restricts
                 parallelism (bear in mind that each method could be a
                 lengthy procedure) \par

                 Are modular, in that each object is responsible for
                 synchronizing the invocations of its own methods as it
                 sees fit \par

                 The first two of these points have been considered by
                 others as well. For example, Argus (cf Liskov and
                 Scheifler [1983]) uses a synchronisation algorithm
                 which is an adaptation of strict two-phase locking in a
                 nested transaction environment. In addition, Argus
                 allows multiple concurrent invo",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ioannidis:1988:DMD,
  author =       "Yannis E. Ioannidis and Miron Livny",
  title =        "Data modeling in {DELAB}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "200--200",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p200-ioannidis/p200-ioannidis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p200-ioannidis/",
  abstract =     "As the size and complexity of processing and
                 manufacturing systems increases, the need for Database
                 Management Systems (DBMS) that meet the special needs
                 of studies that experiment with such systems becomes
                 more current. System analysts who study the performance
                 of modern processing systems have to manipulate large
                 amounts of data in order to profile the behavior of the
                 system. They have to identify the relationship between
                 the properties of a compound system and a wide spectrum
                 of performance metrics. In a recent study in which we
                 have analyzed a set of distributed concurrency control
                 algorithms, we performed more than 1400 simulation
                 experiments. Each experiment was characterized by more
                 than 6000 input parameters and generated more than 400
                 output values. It is thus clear that powerful means for
                 defining the structure and properties of complex
                 systems are needed, as well as efficient tools to
                 retrieve the data accumulated in the course of the
                 study. We are currently engaged in an effort to develop
                 and implement the DE {\em LAB simulation laboratory\/}
                 that aims to provide such means and tools for
                 simulation studies. \par

                 The goal of the first phase of this effort was to
                 design and implement a simulation language. It ended in
                 1986 when the DE {\em NET\/} (Discrete Event NETwork)
                 simulation language became operational. The language is
                 based on the concept of Discrete Event System
                 Specifications (DEVS). It views the simulator as a
                 collection of self contained objects that communicate
                 via Discrete Event Connectors that provide a unified
                 synchronization protocol In the past two years the
                 language has been used in a number of real life
                 studies. It was used to simulate distributed processing
                 environments, communication protocols, and production
                 lines Several tools have been developed around the
                 language. All tools adhere to the same modeling
                 methodology and thus create a cohesive simulation
                 environment. \par

                 In the second phase of the DE {\em LAB\/} project we
                 have been addressing the data management problem DE
                 {\em NET\/} has been interfaced to a special purpose
                 relational DBMS that can store descriptions of
                 simulation runs and provides access to the stored data
                 Based on our experience with thus DBMS, we have reached
                 the conclusion that system analysts need to be provided
                 with a view of the data that differs from the way the
                 DE {\em NET\/} program views the data, and thus decided
                 to develop a data model that meets their needs. The
                 M@@@@SE data model, which is the result of this effort,
                 has an {\em object oriented\/} flavor. It was developed
                 with the guidance of potential users and was tested on
                 a number of real life simulation studies. \par

                 Although the conception of M@@@@SE was motivated by the
                 specific needs of a simulation laboratory, we believe
                 that it addresses the representational needs of many
                 other environments We have decided to support the
                 notion of an {\em object}. Every object is assigned a
                 unique identifier. Depending on their properties
                 (attributes), objects can simultaneously belong to
                 several {\em classes}, inheriting properties from all
                 of them. Among these classes, one is characterized as
                 the {\em primary\/} class of the object. The notion of
                 a primary class helps achieving a ``conceptual'' as
                 well as a physical clustering among similar objects.
                 Collections of objects are supported as regular objects
                 in M@@@@SE in the form of sets, multisets (bags), and
                 arrays. The {\em extent\/} of a class, i.e., the
                 objects that are known members of the class, is
                 explicitly stored in the database. Every M@@@@SE
                 database schema has a straightforward directed graph
                 representation. Each node represents a class of objects
                 and is labeled by the class name. Relationships between
                 the classes in the schema are captured by the arcs of
                 the graph. Similarly to most object-oriented data
                 models, M@@@@SE has two major types of arcs {\em
                 component arcs\/} and {\em inheritance arcs}\ldots{}
                 \par

                 ",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages; Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Simulation and Modeling ---
                 Simulation Languages (I.6.2); Theory of Computation ---
                 Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages --- Formal
                 Languages (F.4.3): {\bf Classes defined by grammars or
                 automata}; Information Systems --- Database Management
                 --- Languages (H.2.3): {\bf Query languages}",
}

@InProceedings{Ono:1988:DMT,
  author =       "Kiyoshi Ono and Mikio Aoyama and Hiroshi Fujimoto",
  title =        "Data management of telecommunications networks",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "201--201",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:40 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p201-ono/p201-ono.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p201-ono/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Herlihy:1988:HCC,
  author =       "Maurice P. Herlihy and William E. Weihl",
  title =        "Hybrid concurrency control for abstract data types",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "201--210",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p201-herlihy/p201-herlihy.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p201-herlihy/",
  abstract =     "We define a new locking protocol that permits more
                 concurrency than existing commutativity-based
                 protocols. The protocol uses timestamps generated when
                 transactions commit to provide more information about
                 the serialization order of transactions, and hence to
                 weaken the constraints on conflicts. In addition, the
                 protocol permits operations to be both partial and
                 non-deterministic, and it permits results of operations
                 to be used in choosing locks. The protocol exploits
                 type-specific properties of objects, necessary and
                 sufficient constraints on lock conflicts are defined
                 directly from a data type specification. We give a
                 complete formal description of the protocol,
                 encompassing both concurrency control and recovery, and
                 prove that the protocol satisfies {\em hybrid
                 atomicity}, a local atomicity property that combines
                 aspects of static and dynamic atomic protocols. We also
                 show that the protocol is optimal in the sense that no
                 hybrid atomic locking scheme can permit more
                 concurrency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Alho:1988:DDM,
  author =       "Kari Alho and Hannu Peltonen and Martti
                 M{\"a}ntyl{\"a} and Rejio Sulonen",
  title =        "A design data manager",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "202--202",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p202-alho/p202-alho.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p202-alho/",
  abstract =     "{\em HutBase\/} is a visual design data manager that
                 can be used to store and manipulate data objects
                 created and processed by a variety of design
                 applications. In particular, HutBase allows the user to
                 manipulate the data and start applications, and
                 provides a access mechanism for the applications.
                 \par

                 HutBase consists of three software layers. The lowest
                 layer, the {\em Object Management System\/} (OMS), is
                 based on the Entity-Relationship model and includes
                 those basic operations related to the storage and
                 access of design data objects that are common to all
                 applications. The database is divided into {\em
                 workspaces}, which are collections of OMS {\em
                 objects\/} and {\em relationships\/} organized
                 according to an application-dependent schema and
                 forming a significant whole (e.g., a design project)
                 from the user's point of view Workspace is also the
                 unit for locking and access control. \par

                 An object is a collection of {\em attributes}. Each
                 attribute has a name and value. The name is a string
                 and the value is an arbitrary sequence of bytes. The
                 value of an attribute can be of any length, from a
                 single integer to an external representation of a
                 complicated geometric model. A relationship is a named
                 directed connection between two objects. Relationships
                 have attributes like objects. \par

                 The OMS library contains functions for creating,
                 opening and removing workspaces, objects, relationships
                 and attributes. All operations are carried out within
                 {\em transactions}. The functions do not change the
                 permanent data on the disk until the user calls the
                 {\em save_changes\/} function, which saves the current
                 state of all workspaces opened in a given transaction.
                 \par

                 The next layer is a prototype data model built on top
                 of OMS, which stores the objects in each workspace as a
                 hierarchical tree by means of relationships. The leaves
                 of the hierarchy are called {\em representations\/} and
                 contain the actual data manipulated by the
                 applications. Each representation is associated with a
                 {\em representation type}, which in turn are linked to
                 the application programs, or {\em tools}. The
                 representation types and tools are stored as objects in
                 a separate workspace. \par

                 The top level contains a user interface and a
                 procedural application interface. The user interface
                 shows the available representation types, tools, and
                 contents of one or more workspaces in iconic form. A
                 representation can be opened by selecting its icon on
                 the screen. The tool corresponding to the type of the
                 representation is then started with a handle to the
                 representation as argument. The interface also allows
                 the user to create, remove and copy objects. \par

                 The tool programs run as subprocesses of the HutBase
                 process. Tools access the data base by remote procedure
                 calls that send data base requests from the tool
                 process to the HutBase process. The tools can also
                 create relationships between representations and
                 navigate in the workspace by following the relationship
                 links. \par

                 We are currently working on a interpreted definition
                 language that can be used to describe the structure of
                 a workspace. The definition language will be based on
                 an object-oriented notation, where object and relation
                 types form a class hierarchy. Class descriptions
                 include (possibly inherited) methods for dealing with
                 the various HutBase operations. With the contemplated
                 description facility, new object and relationship types
                 can be defined by declaring new subclasses of the
                 existing ones.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages",
  subject =      "Computing Methodologies --- Computer Graphics ---
                 Methodology and Techniques (I.3.6): {\bf Interaction
                 techniques}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data
                 models}",
}

@InProceedings{Naeymi-Rad:1988:RDD,
  author =       "Frank Naeymi-Rad and Lowell Carmony and David Trace
                 and Christine Georgakis and Max Harry Weil",
  title =        "A relational database design in support of standard
                 medical terminology in multi-domain knowledge bases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "203--203",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p203-naeymi-rad/p203-naeymi-rad.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p203-naeymi-rad/",
  abstract =     "Relational database techniques have been used to
                 create knowledge bases for a medical diagnostic
                 consultant system. Known as MEDAS (Medical Emergency
                 Decision Assistance System), this expert system, using
                 disorder patterns consisting of features such as
                 symptoms and laboratory results, is able to diagnose
                 multiple disorders. Database technology has been used
                 in MEDAS to develop knowledge engineering tools, called
                 the TOOL BOX, which permit domain experts to create
                 knowledge without the assistance of a knowledge
                 engineer. \par

                 In the process of knowledge development with the TOOL
                 BOX a standardization of terms was needed. This led us
                 to design a Feature Dictionary and a grammar to support
                 a standardized format for features. A common dictionary
                 of features will allow us to merge knowledge bases,
                 translate between multi-domain bases, and compare
                 competing expert systems. In addition, standard
                 terminology will assist communication across domains
                 \par

                 The Feature Dictionary has the following attributes
                 {\em Long\/} forms of the feature name (White Blood
                 Count) and {\em short\/} forms (WBC) as well as a three
                 line description of the feature. The {\em type}, binary
                 (Abdominal Pain), continuous-valued (WBC), or derived
                 (pulse pressure = systolic - diastolic) is also kept
                 for each feature \par

                 For value features the appropriate {\em unit\/} (cc,
                 kg, etc.) as well as {\em range\/} limits are stored so
                 that these can be used as a form of quality control on
                 input. The {\em permanence\/} (Y/N) of each feature is
                 kept so it is possible to automatically include
                 permanent features in future encounters. In addition,
                 for each feature three separate `` {\em cost\/} ''
                 parameters are kept. {\em Risk\/} measures the danger
                 to the patient from no risk such as taking a blood
                 pressure to highly invasive proceedings such as a liver
                 biopsy. {\em Time\/} measures whether results can be
                 expected in minutes, hours, or days. {\em Money\/}
                 measures the actual cost to the patient FD-Equivalents
                 stores the synonyms and antonyms of each feature. These
                 are used to translate between knowledge bases using
                 different terminology. \par

                 Features were first classified in terms of a Problem
                 Oriented Medical Record. We have added an anatomical
                 reclassification in terms of body systems. Experts will
                 be able to add new kinds of feature classifications.
                 \par

                 MEDAS, a multi-membership Bayesian model, needs binary
                 representations for its inference. These Binary
                 Features are created by the expert physician in the
                 given disorder patterns. For example, ``WBC 50,000'',
                 or ``Age 2 Female Hematocrit 42'' are binary features
                 that might appear in a disorder pattern. Laboratory
                 results often lead to a multiplicity of binary features
                 (such as ``WBC 3,000'', or 3,000 WBC 10,000, etc.). Our
                 design allows the user to enter the value of such a
                 feature and have the system set of all the
                 corresponding binary features. This intelligent user
                 interface is controlled by a grammar that allows us to
                 parse the binary features and generate rules for them.
                 \par

                 The knowledge base for a particular problem domain such
                 as OB/GYN is organized as a collection of disorder
                 patterns. Each of these is represented as a list of
                 binary features and associated probabilities. The
                 domain knowledge base contains only the features
                 relevant to that domain. \par

                 Experience with the Feature Dictionary has convinced us
                 that there are many advantages in using a DBMS to store
                 the knowledge base for an expert system. The TOOL BOX,
                 originally in ACCENT-R, was rewritten in dBase III for
                 the PC. The knowledge bases created on the PC were then
                 ported to the mainframe. As the number of domains
                 supported by MEDAS grew, it became evident that we
                 needed a DBMS that could function in both environments
                 so we are in the process of converting to ORACLE.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
  subject =      "Computer Applications --- Life and Medical Sciences
                 (J.3): {\bf Medical information systems}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence ---
                 Applications and Expert Systems (I.2.1); Information
                 Systems --- Information Storage and Retrieval ---
                 Content Analysis and Indexing (H.3.1): {\bf
                 Dictionaries}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Systems (H.2.4)",
}

@InProceedings{Hernandez:1988:CCT,
  author =       "H{\'e}ctor J. Hern{\'a}ndez and Edward P. F. Chan",
  title =        "A characterization of constant-time maintainability
                 for {BCNF} database schemes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "209--217",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p209-hernandez/p209-hernandez.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p209-hernandez/",
  abstract =     "The {\em maintenance problem\/} (for database states)
                 of a database scheme R with respect to a set of
                 functional dependencies {$F$} is the following decision
                 problem. Let r be a consistent state of R with respect
                 to {$F$} and assume we insert a tuple $t$ into {\em r
                 p\/} [epsilon] r. Is $r$ ? $t$ a consistent state of R
                 with respect to {$F$}? R is said to be {\em
                 constant-time-maintainable\/} with respect to {$F$} if
                 there is an algorithm that solves the maintenance
                 problem of R with respect to {$F$} in time independent
                 of the state size. \par

                 A characterization of constant-time-maintainability for
                 the class of BCNF database schemes is given. An
                 efficient algorithm that tests this characterization is
                 shown, as well as an algorithm for solving the
                 maintenance problem in time independent of the state
                 size. It is also proven that constant-time-maintainable
                 BCNF database schemes are bounded. In particular, it is
                 shown that total projections of the representative
                 instance can be computed via unions of projections of
                 extension joins. Throughout we assume that database
                 schemes are cover embedding and BCNF, and that
                 functional dependencies are given in the form of key
                 dependencies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Theory",
  subject =      "Software --- Operating Systems --- File Systems
                 Management (D.4.3): {\bf Maintenance**}; Theory of
                 Computation --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
                 --- Formal Languages (F.4.3): {\bf Classes defined by
                 grammars or automata}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Normal
                 forms}; Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
                 {\bf Query formulation}",
}

@InProceedings{Lanin:1988:CSM,
  author =       "Vladimir Lanin and Dennis Shasha",
  title =        "Concurrent set manipulation without locking",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "211--220",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p211-lanin/p211-lanin.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p211-lanin/",
  abstract =     "Set manipulation consists of the actions {\em insert,
                 delete}, and {\em member\/} on keys. We propose a
                 concurrent set manipulation algorithm that uses no
                 locking at all and requires no aborts, relying instead
                 on atomic read-modify-write operations on single (data)
                 locations. The algorithm satisfies order-preserving
                 serializability through conditions that are strictly
                 looser than existing algorithms",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Leuchner:1988:PTA,
  author =       "J. Leuchner and L. Miller and G. Slutzki",
  title =        "A polynomial time algorithm for testing implications
                 of a join dependency and embodied functional
                 dependencies",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "218--224",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p218-leuchner/p218-leuchner.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p218-leuchner/",
  abstract =     "The problem of deciding whether a full join dependency
                 (JD) [ {$R$} ] and a set of functional dependencies
                 (FDs) {$F$} imply an embedded join dependency (EJD) [
                 {$S$} ] is known to be NP-complete. We show that the
                 problem can be decided in polynomial time if {$S$}
                 {$R$} and {$F$} is embedded in {\em R}. Our work uses
                 arguments based on an extension of complete
                 intersection graphs rather than tableaus. This approach
                 has facilitated our results and should prove useful for
                 future research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Theory of Computation --- Analysis of Algorithms and
                 Problem Complexity --- Numerical Algorithms and
                 Problems (F.2.1): {\bf Computations on polynomials};
                 Theory of Computation --- Mathematical Logic and Formal
                 Languages --- Formal Languages (F.4.3): {\bf Classes
                 defined by grammars or automata}; Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1):
                 {\bf Schema and subschema}",
}

@InProceedings{VanGelder:1988:USW,
  author =       "Allen {Van Gelder} and Kenneth Ross and John S.
                 Schlipf",
  title =        "Unfounded sets and well-founded semantics for general
                 logic programs",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "221--230",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p221-van_gelder/p221-van_gelder.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p221-van_gelder/",
  abstract =     "A general logic program (abbreviated to ``program''
                 hereafter) is a set of rules that have both positive
                 and negative subgoals. It is common to view a deductive
                 database as a general logic program consisting of rules
                 (IDB) sitting above elementary relations (EDB, facts).
                 It is desirable to associate one Herbrand model with a
                 program and think of that model as the ``meaning of the
                 program,'' or its ``declarative semantics.'' Ideally,
                 queries directed to the program would be answered in
                 accordance with this model. We introduce {\em unfounded
                 sets\/} and {\em well-founded partial models}, and
                 define the well-founded semantics of a program to be
                 its well-founded partial model. If the well-founded
                 partial model is in fact a model, we call it the {\em
                 well-founded\/} model, and say the program is
                 ``well-behaved''. We show that the class of
                 well-behaved programs properly includes previously
                 studied classes of ``stratified'' and ``locally
                 stratified'' programs Gelfand and Lifschits have
                 proposed a definition of ``unique stable model'' for
                 general logic programs. We show that a program has a
                 unique stable model if it has a well-founded model, in
                 which case they are the same. We discuss why the
                 converse is not true.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Gyssens:1988:PAR,
  author =       "Marc Gyssens and Dirk van Gucht",
  title =        "The powerset algebra as a result of adding programming
                 constructs to the nested relational algebra",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "225--232",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p225-gyssens/p225-gyssens.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p225-gyssens/",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we discuss augmentations of the nested
                 relational algebra with programming constructs, such as
                 while-loops and for-loops. We show that the algebras
                 obtained in this way are equivalent to a slight
                 extension of the powerset algebra, thus emphasizing
                 both the strength and the naturalness of the powerset
                 algebra as a tool to manipulate nested relations, and,
                 at the same time, indicating more direct ways to
                 implement this algebra.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Languages; Theory",
  subject =      "Theory of Computation --- Logics and Meanings of
                 Programs --- Studies of Program Constructs (F.3.3);
                 Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Languages (H.2.3): {\bf Query languages}",
}

@InProceedings{Kolaitis:1988:WNF,
  author =       "Phokion G. Kolaitis and Christos H. Papadimitriou",
  title =        "Why not negation by fixpoint?",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "231--239",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p231-kolaitis/p231-kolaitis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p231-kolaitis/",
  abstract =     "{\em There is a fixpoint semantics for DATALOG
                 programs with negation that is a natural generalization
                 of the standard semantics for DATALOG programs without
                 negation. We show that, unfortunately, several
                 compelling complexity-theoretic obstacles rule out its
                 efficient implementation. As an alternative, we propose
                 Inflationary DATALOG, an efficiently implementable
                 semantics for negation, based on inflationary
                 fixpoints\/}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Mazumdar:1988:RTB,
  author =       "Subhasish Mazumdar and David Stemple and Tim Sheard",
  title =        "Resolving the tension between integrity and security
                 using a theorem prover",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "233--242",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p233-mazumdar/p233-mazumdar.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p233-mazumdar/",
  abstract =     "Some information in databases and knowledge bases
                 often needs to be protected from disclosure to certain
                 users. Traditional solutions involving multi-level
                 mechanisms are threatened by the user's ability to
                 infer higher level information from the semantics of
                 the application. We concentrate on the revelation of
                 secrets through a user running transactions in the
                 presence of database integrity constraints. We develop
                 a method of specifying secrets formally that not only
                 exposes a useful structure and equivalence among
                 secrets but also allows a theorem prover to detect
                 certain security lapses during transaction compilation
                 time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Security; Verification",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 General (H.2.0): {\bf Security, integrity, and
                 protection**}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Transaction
                 processing}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data
                 models}",
}

@InProceedings{Abiteboul:1988:PDD,
  author =       "Serge Abiteboul and Victor Vianu",
  title =        "Procedural and declarative database update languages",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "240--250",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 08:47:34 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p240-abiteboul/p240-abiteboul.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p240-abiteboul/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Qian:1988:TLD,
  author =       "Xiaolei Qian and Richard Waldinger",
  title =        "A transaction logic for database specification",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "243--250",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p243-qian/p243-qian.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p243-qian/",
  abstract =     "We introduce a logical formalism for the specification
                 of the dynamic behavior of databases. The evolution of
                 databases is characterized by both the dynamic
                 integrity constraints which describe the properties of
                 state transitions and the transactions whose executions
                 lead to state transitions. Our formalism is based on a
                 variant of first-order situational logic in which the
                 states of computations are explicit objects. Integrity
                 constraints and transactions are uniformly specifiable
                 as expressions in our language. We also point out the
                 application of the formalism to the verification and
                 synthesis of transactions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Verification",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Transaction processing};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Computing
                 Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence --- Deduction
                 and Theorem Proving (I.2.3)",
}

@InProceedings{Gadia:1988:GMR,
  author =       "Shashi K. Gadia and Chuen-Sing Yeung",
  title =        "A generalized model for a relational temporal
                 database",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "251--259",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p251-gadia/p251-gadia.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p251-gadia/",
  abstract =     "We propose a generalized relational model for a
                 temporal database which allows time stamping with
                 respect to a Boolean algebra of multidimensional time
                 stamps. The interplay between the various temporal
                 dimensions is symmetric. As an application, a two
                 dimensional model which allows objects with real world
                 and transaction oriented time stamps is discussed. The
                 two dimensional model can be used to query the past
                 states of the database. It can also be used to give a
                 precise classification of the errors and updates in a
                 database, and is a promising approach for querying
                 these errors and updates.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design",
  subject =      "Computing Methodologies --- Simulation and Modeling
                 --- Applications (I.6.3); Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query
                 processing}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data
                 models}",
}

@InProceedings{Naqvi:1988:DUL,
  author =       "Shamim Naqvi and Ravi Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Database updates in logic programming",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "251--262",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p251-naqvi/p251-naqvi.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p251-naqvi/",
  abstract =     "{\em The need for control in logic programs is now
                 being recognized. This is particularly evident when one
                 focuses on allowing updates in logic programs. In this
                 paper we propose a language DatalogA which is an
                 extension of Datalog with updates to base relations. We
                 define some procedural constructs to allow update
                 programs to be written in an easy manner. The (W,p)
                 scheme of Dynamic Logic fits nicely into the semantics
                 of DatalogA programs in which W is taken to be the set
                 of all possible states of the program and p is the
                 accessibility relation between states. We give
                 declarative semantics and equivalent constructed model
                 semantics for DatalogA programs. We show that in the
                 absence of updates our semantics reduce to the
                 classical semantics of Datalog. Finally, we show some
                 examples of non-stratified programs expressed in
                 DatalogA}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Peinl:1988:HCS,
  author =       "Peter Peinl and Andreas Reuter and Harald Sammer",
  title =        "High contention in a stock trading database: a case
                 study",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "260--268",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p260-peinl/p260-peinl.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p260-peinl/",
  abstract =     "Though in general, current database systems adequately
                 support application development and operation for
                 online transaction processing (OLTP), increasing
                 complexity of applications and throughput requirements
                 reveal a number of weaknesses with respect to the data
                 model and implementation techniques used. By presenting
                 the experiences gained from a case study of a large,
                 high volume stock trading system, representative for a
                 broad class of OLTP applications, it is shown, that
                 this particularly holds for dealing with high frequency
                 access to a small number of data elements (hot spots).
                 As a result, we propose extended data types and several
                 novel mechanisms, which are easy to use and highly
                 increase the expressional power of transaction oriented
                 programming, that effectively cope with hot spots.
                 Moreover, their usefulness and their ability to
                 increased parallelism is exemplified by the stock
                 trading application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Design; Management",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Logical Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}; Computer
                 Applications --- Administrative Data Processing (J.1):
                 {\bf Financial}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Transaction
                 processing}; Computing Methodologies --- Simulation and
                 Modeling --- Applications (I.6.3); Computing Milieux
                 --- Management of Computing and Information Systems ---
                 Project and People Management (K.6.1): {\bf Systems
                 analysis and design}; Computing Methodologies ---
                 Simulation and Modeling --- Model Validation and
                 Analysis (I.6.4)",
}

@InProceedings{Muralikrishna:1988:OMR,
  author =       "M. Muralikrishna and David J. DeWitt",
  title =        "Optimization of multiple-relation multiple-disjunct
                 queries",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "263--275",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p263-muralikrishna/p263-muralikrishna.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p263-muralikrishna/",
  abstract =     "In this paper we discuss the optimization of
                 multiple-relation multiple-disjunct queries in a
                 relational database system. Since optimization
                 techniques for conjunctive (single disjunct) queries in
                 relational databases are well known [Smith75, Wong76,
                 Selinger79, Yao79, Youssefi79], the natural way to
                 evaluate a multiple-disjunct query was to execute each
                 disjunct independently [Bernstein81, Kerschberg82]
                 However, evaluating each disjunct independently may be
                 very inefficient. In this paper, we develop methods
                 that merge two or more disjuncts to form a term. The
                 advantage of merging disjuncts to form terms lies in
                 the fact that each term can be evaluated with a single
                 scan of each relation that is present in the term. In
                 addition, the number of times a join is performed will
                 also be reduced when two or more disjuncts are merged.
                 The criteria for merging a set of disjuncts will be
                 presented. As we will see, the number of times each
                 relation in the query is scanned will be equal to the
                 number of terms. Thus, minimizing the number of terms
                 will minimize the number of scans for each relation. We
                 will formulate the problem of minimizing the number of
                 scans as one of covering a merge graph by a minimum
                 number of complete merge graphs which are a restricted
                 class of Cartesian product graphs. In general, the
                 problem of minimizing the number of scans is
                 NP-complete. We present polynomial time algorithms for
                 special classes of merge graphs. We also present a
                 heuristic for general merge graphs. \par

                 Throughout this paper, we will assume that no relations
                 have any indices on them and that we are only concerned
                 with reducing the number of scans for each relation
                 present in the query. What about relations that have
                 indices on them? It turns out that our performance
                 metric of reducing the number of scans is beneficial
                 even in the case that there are indices. In
                 [Muralikrishna88] we demonstrate that when optimizing
                 single-relation multiple-disjunct queries, the cost
                 (measured in terms of disk accesses) may be reduced if
                 all the disjuncts are optimized together rather than
                 individually. Thus, our algorithm for minimizing the
                 number of terms is also very beneficial in cases where
                 indices exist",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Haynie:1988:DLD,
  author =       "M. Haynie",
  title =        "A {DBMS} for large design automation databases",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "269--276",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p269-haynie/p269-haynie.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p269-haynie/",
  abstract =     "Large capacity Design Automation (CAD/CAM) database
                 management systems require special capabilities over
                 and above what commercial DBMSs or small
                 workstation-based CAD/CAM systems provide. This paper
                 describes one such system, Tacoma, used at Amdahl
                 Corporation for the storage and retrieval of LSI and
                 VLSI mainframe computer designs Tacoma is based on the
                 relational model with additional object-oriented
                 database features.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Languages",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Languages (H.2.3): {\bf SQL}; Information Systems ---
                 Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf
                 Distributed databases}; Computer Applications ---
                 Computer-Aided Engineering (J.6): {\bf Computer-aided
                 design (CAD)}; Computer Systems Organization ---
                 Computer System Implementation --- VLSI Systems
                 (C.5.4); Computer Systems Organization --- Computer
                 System Implementation --- Large and Medium
                 (``Mainframe'') Computers (C.5.1); Software ---
                 Operating Systems --- General (D.4.0): {\bf UNIX};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management --- Logical
                 Design (H.2.1): {\bf Data models}",
}

@InProceedings{Hou:1988:SER,
  author =       "Wen-Chi Hou and Gultekin Ozsoyoglu and Baldeo K.
                 Taneja",
  title =        "Statistical estimators for relational algebra
                 expressions",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "276--287",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p276-hou/p276-hou.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p276-hou/",
  abstract =     "Present database systems process all the data related
                 to a query before giving out responses. As a result,
                 the size of the data to be processed becomes excessive
                 for real-time/time-constrained environments. A new
                 methodology is needed to cut down systematically the
                 time to process the data involved in processing the
                 query. To this end, we propose to use data samples and
                 construct an approximate synthetic response to a given
                 query. \par

                 In this paper, we consider only COUNT(E) type queries,
                 where E is an arbitrary relational algebra expression.
                 We make no assumptions about the distribution of
                 attribute values and ordering of tuples in the input
                 relations, and propose consistent and unbiased
                 estimators for arbitrary COUNT(E) type queries. We
                 design a sampling plan based on the cluster sampling
                 method to improve the utilization of sampled data and
                 to reduce the cost of sampling. We also evaluate the
                 performance of the proposed estimators.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bell:1988:SDM,
  author =       "Jean L. Bell",
  title =        "A specialized data management system for parallel
                 execution of particle physics codes",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "277--285",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p277-bell/p277-bell.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p277-bell/",
  abstract =     "The specialized data management system described in
                 this paper was motivated by the need for much more
                 efficient data management than a standard database
                 management system could provide for particle physics
                 codes in shared memory multiprocessor environments. The
                 special characteristics of data and access patterns in
                 particle physics codes need to be fully exploited in
                 order to effect efficient data management. The data
                 management system allows parameteric user control over
                 system features not usually available to them,
                 especially details of physical design and retrieval
                 such as horizontal clustering, asynchronous I/O, and
                 automatic distribution across processors. In the past,
                 each physics code has constructed the equivalent of a
                 primitive data management system from scratch. The
                 system described in this paper is a generic system that
                 can now be interfaced with a variety of physics
                 codes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Concurrency}; Computer
                 Applications --- Physical Sciences and Engineering
                 (J.2): {\bf Physics}; Computing Methodologies ---
                 Simulation and Modeling --- Applications (I.6.3);
                 Computer Systems Organization --- Processor
                 Architectures --- Multiple Data Stream Architectures
                 (Multiprocessors) (C.1.2): {\bf Parallel processors**};
                 Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Physical Design (H.2.2): {\bf Access methods}",
}

@InProceedings{Christodoulakis:1988:PAF,
  author =       "Stavros Christodoulakis and Daniel Alexander Ford",
  title =        "Performance analysis and fundamental performance
                 tradeoffs for {CLV} optical disks",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "286--294",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p286-christodoulakis/p286-christodoulakis.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p286-christodoulakis/",
  abstract =     "CLV type optical disks is a very large and important
                 class of optical disk technology, of which CD-ROM disks
                 form a subclass. \par

                 In this paper we present a model of retrieval from CLV
                 optical disks. We then provide exact and approximate
                 results analyzing the retrieval performance from them.
                 Our analysis takes into account disks with and without
                 a mirror in the read mechanism, small objects
                 completely placed within block boundaries, placement
                 that allows block boundary crossing, as well as very
                 large objects (such as documents) placed within files.
                 \par

                 In the second part of the paper we describe some
                 fundamental implications of physical data base design
                 for data bases stored on CLV optical disks. We show
                 that very significant performance gains may be realized
                 by appropriate design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Design; Performance",
  subject =      "Computing Methodologies --- Simulation and Modeling
                 --- Applications (I.6.3); Computing Methodologies ---
                 Simulation and Modeling --- Model Validation and
                 Analysis (I.6.4); Information Systems --- Information
                 Storage and Retrieval --- Information Search and
                 Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Retrieval models}; Information
                 Systems --- Database Management --- Physical Design
                 (H.2.2); Hardware --- Memory Structures --- Design
                 Styles (B.3.2): {\bf Mass storage}; Information Systems
                 --- Database Management --- Systems (H.2.4): {\bf
                 Transaction processing}; Information Systems ---
                 Information Storage and Retrieval --- Information
                 Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Search process}",
}

@InProceedings{Huang:1988:SSM,
  author =       "Bing-Chao Huang and Michael A. Langston",
  title =        "Stable set and multiset operations in optimal time and
                 space",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "288--293",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p288-huang/p288-huang.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p288-huang/",
  abstract =     "The focus of this paper is on demonstrating the
                 existence of methods for stably performing set and
                 multiset operations on sorted files of data in both
                 optimal time and optimal extra space. It is already
                 known that stable merging and stable duplicate-key
                 extraction permit such methods. The major new results
                 reported herein are these \par

                 an asymptotically optimal time and space algorithm is
                 devised for stably selecting matched records from a
                 sorted file, \par

                 this selection strategy is employed, along with other
                 algorithmic tools, to prove that all of the elementary
                 binary set operations can be stably performed in
                 optimal time and space on sorted files, and \par

                 after generalizing these operations to multisets in a
                 natural way for file processing, it is proved that each
                 can be stably performed in optimal time and space on
                 sorted files \par

                 ",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Yu:1988:MTS,
  author =       "Lin Yu and Daniel J. Rosenkrantz",
  title =        "Minimizing time-space cost for database version
                 control",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "294--301",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p294-yu/p294-yu.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p294-yu/",
  abstract =     "We introduce the concept of a version graph to model
                 the problem of minimising the space and version
                 regeneration cost for database version control. We show
                 that, in general, this problem and several of its
                 variations are NP-complete. Motivated by the practical
                 importance of these problems, we develop several
                 heuristics and obtain worst-case guarantees on their
                 performance. We also present linear time algorithms for
                 problems characterized by special classes of version
                 graphs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Hanson:1988:PQA,
  author =       "Eric N. Hanson",
  title =        "Processing queries aganist database procedures: a
                 performance analysis",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "295--302",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p295-hanson/p295-hanson.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p295-hanson/",
  abstract =     "A database procedure is a collection of queries stored
                 in the database. Several methods are possible for
                 processing queries that retrieve the value returned by
                 a database procedure. The conventional algorithm is to
                 execute the queries in a procedure whenever it is
                 accessed. A second strategy requires caching the
                 previous value returned by the database procedure. If
                 the cached value is valid at the time of a query, the
                 value is returned immediately. If the cached value has
                 been invalidated by an update, the value is recomputed,
                 stored back into the cache, and then returned. A third
                 strategy uses a differential view maintenance algorithm
                 to maintain an up-to-date copy of the value returned by
                 the procedure. This paper compares the performance of
                 these three alternatives. The results show that which
                 algorithm is preferred depends heavily on the database
                 environment, particularly, the frequency of updates and
                 the size of objects retrieved by database procedures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Economics; Languages; Management;
                 Performance",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Database Management ---
                 Systems (H.2.4): {\bf Query processing}; Information
                 Systems --- Information Storage and Retrieval ---
                 Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Query
                 formulation}; Information Systems --- Database
                 Management --- Languages (H.2.3): {\bf Query
                 languages}; Computing Methodologies --- Simulation and
                 Modeling --- Applications (I.6.3); Computing Milieux
                 --- Management of Computing and Information Systems ---
                 Installation Management (K.6.2): {\bf Pricing and
                 resource allocation}",
}

@InProceedings{Reiter:1988:WSD,
  author =       "Raymond Reiter",
  title =        "What should a database know?",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPS",
  pages =        "302--304",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/pods/308386/p302-reiter/p302-reiter.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pods/308386/p302-reiter/",
  abstract =     "The by now conventional perspective on databases,
                 especially deductive databases, is that they are sets
                 of first order sentences. As such, they can be said to
                 be claims about the truths of some {\em external\/}
                 world, the database is a symbolic representation of
                 that world. \par

                 While agreeing with this account of what a database is,
                 I disagree with how, both in theory and practice, a
                 database is {\em used}, specifically how it is queried
                 and how its integrity is enforced. \par

                 Virtually all approaches to database query evaluation
                 treat queries as first order formulas, usually with
                 free variables whose bindings resulting from the
                 evaluation phase define the answers to the query. The
                 sole exception to this is the work of Levesque (1981,
                 1984), who argues that queries should be formulas in an
                 epistemic modal logic. Queries, in other words, should
                 be permitted to address aspects of the external world
                 as represented in the database, as well as aspects of
                 the database itself i.e., aspects of what the database
                 {\em knows}. To take a simple example, suppose {\em DB
                 = p y q\/} \par

                 Query $p$ (i.e., is $p$ true in the external world?)
                 \par

                 Answer unknown \par

                 Query {\em Kp\/} (i e. do you know whether $p$ is true
                 in the external world?) \par

                 Answer no \par

                 Levesque's modal logic (called KFOPCE) distinguishes
                 between known and unknown individuals in the database
                 and thus accounts for ``regular'' database values as
                 well as null values. For example, if {\em KB\/} is
                 \par

                 {Teach (John, Math100), ($x$) Teach ({\em x}, CS100),
                 Teach (Mary, Psych100) y Teach (Sue, Psych100)},
                 \par

                 then \par

                 Query ($x$) {$K$} Teach (John, $x$) i.e., is there a
                 known course which John teaches? \par

                 Answer yes-Math100 \par

                 Query ($x$) {$K$} Teach ({\em x}, CS100) i e is there a
                 known teacher for CS100? \par

                 Answer No \par

                 Query ($x$) Teach ({\em x}, Psych100) i.e., does anyone
                 teach Psych 100? \par

                 Answer: Yes - Mary or Sue \par

                 Query ($x$) {$K$} Teach ({\em x}, Psych100) i.e., is
                 there a known teacher of Psych100? \par

                 Answer No \par

                 Levesque (1981, 1984) provides a semantics for his
                 language KFOPCE FOPCE, is the first order language
                 KFOPCE without the modal K Levesque proposes that a
                 database is best viewed as a set of FOPCE sentences,
                 and that it be queried by sentences of KFOPCE. He
                 further provides a (noneffective) way of answering
                 database queries. \par

                 Recently I have considered the concept of a static
                 integrity constraint in the context of Levesque's
                 KFOPCE (Reiter 1988). The conventional view of
                 integrity constraints is that, like the database
                 itself, they too are first order formulas (e.g., Lloyd
                 Topor (1985), Nicolas Yazdanian (1978), Reiter (1984)).
                 There are two definitions in the literature of a
                 deductive database {\em KB\/} satisfying an integrity
                 constraint {\em IC}. \par

                 {\em Definition 1\/} Consistency (e.g., Kowalski
                 (1978), Sadri and Kowalski (1987)) {\em KB satisfies IC
                 if f KB + IC is satisfiable\/} \par

                 {\em Definition 2\/} Entailment (e.g., Lloyd and Topor
                 (1985), Reiter (1984)) {\em KB satisfies IC if f KB
                 @@@@ IC\/} \par

                 Alas, neither definition seems correct. Consider a
                 constraint requiring that employees have social
                 security numbers (V $x$) {\em emp\/} ($x$ ) ($y$) {\em
                 ss\#\/} ({\em x y\/}) (1) \par

                 1 Suppose {\em KB\/} = {emp (Mary)} Then {\em KB +
                 IC\/} is satisfiable. But intuitively, we want the
                 constraint to require {\em KB\/} to contain a ss\#
                 ent",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Jarke:1988:MKA,
  author =       "Matthias Jarke and Thomas Rose",
  title =        "Managing knowledge about information system
                 evolution",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAC",
  pages =        "303--311",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 25 12:40:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/sigmod_pods/",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/mod/50202/p303-jarke/p303-jarke.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/mod/50202/p303-jarke/",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the design and initial prototype