%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "1.01", %%% date = "01 June 2009", %%% time = "18:13:16 MDT", %%% filename = "taccess.bib", %%% address = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148", %%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "33412 1064 5863 53868", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing; %%% bibliography; TACCESS", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for %%% ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing %%% (CODEN ????, ISSN: 1936-7228), covering all %%% journal issues from 2008 -- date. %%% %%% At version 1.01, the COMPLETE journal %%% coverage looked like this: %%% %%% 2008 ( 12) 2009 ( 10) %%% %%% Article: 22 %%% %%% Total entries: 22 %%% %%% The journal Web page can be found at: %%% %%% http://www.is.umbc.edu/taccess/ %%% %%% The journal table of contents page is at: %%% %%% http://www.acm.org/taccess/ %%% http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?linked=1&part=transaction&idx=J1156 %%% %%% Qualified subscribers can retrieve the full %%% text of recent articles in PDF form. %%% %%% The initial draft was extracted from the ACM %%% Web pages. %%% %%% ACM copyrights explicitly permit abstracting %%% with credit, so article abstracts, keywords, %%% and subject classifications have been %%% included in this bibliography wherever %%% available. Article reviews have been %%% omitted, until their copyright status has %%% been clarified. %%% %%% bibsource keys in the bibliography entries %%% below indicate the entry originally came %%% from the computer science bibliography %%% archive, even though it has likely since %%% been corrected and updated. %%% %%% URL keys in the bibliography point to %%% World Wide Web locations of additional %%% information about the entry. %%% %%% BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen %%% as name:year:abbrev, where name is the %%% family name of the first author or editor, %%% year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a %%% 3-letter condensation of important title %%% words. Citation tags were automatically %%% generated by software developed for the %%% BibNet Project. %%% %%% In this bibliography, entries are sorted in %%% publication order, using ``bibsort -byvolume.'' %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility." %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty" # "\def \TM {${}^{\sc TM}$}" } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-TACCESS = "ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Bibliography entries: @Article{Sears:2008:I, author = "Andrew Sears and Vicki Hanson", title = "Introduction", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "1:1--1:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361204", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "1", } @Article{Trewin:2008:GE, author = "Shari Trewin", title = "Guest Editorial", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "2:1--2:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361205", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "2", } @Article{Huenerfauth:2008:EAS, author = "Matt Huenerfauth and Liming Zhao and Erdan Gu and Jan Allbeck", title = "Evaluation of {American Sign Language} Generation by Native {ASL} Signers", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "3:1--3:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361206", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "There are many important factors in the design of evaluation studies for systems that generate animations of American Sign Language (ASL) sentences, and techniques for evaluating natural language generation of written texts are not easily adapted to ASL. When conducting user-based evaluations, several cultural and linguistic characteristics of members of the American Deaf community must be taken into account so as to ensure the accuracy of evaluations involving these users. This article describes an implementation and user-based evaluation (by native ASL signers) of a prototype ASL natural language generation system that produces sentences containing classifier predicates, which are frequent and complex spatial phenomena that previous ASL generators have not produced. Native signers preferred the system's output to Signed English animations -- scoring it higher in grammaticality, understandability, and naturalness of movement. They were also more successful at a comprehension task after viewing the system's classifier predicate animations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "3", keywords = "accessibility technology for the deaf; American Sign Language; animation; evaluation; natural language generation", } @Article{Wobbrock:2008:GCM, author = "Jacob O. Wobbrock and Krzysztof Z. Gajos", title = "Goal Crossing with Mice and Trackballs for People with Motor Impairments: Performance, Submovements, and Design Directions", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "4:1--4:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361207", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Prior research shows that people with motor impairments face considerable challenges when using conventional mice and trackballs. One challenge is positioning the mouse cursor within confined target areas; another is executing a precise click without slipping. These problems can make mouse pointing in graphical user interfaces very difficult for some people. This article explores goal crossing as an alternative strategy for more accessible target acquisition. In goal crossing, targets are boundaries that are simply crossed by the mouse cursor. Thus, goal crossing avoids the two aforementioned problems. To date, however, researchers have not examined the feasibility of goal crossing for people with motor difficulties. We therefore present a study comparing area pointing and goal crossing. Our performance results indicate that although Fitts' throughput for able-bodied users is higher for area pointing than for goal crossing (4.72 vs. 3.61 bits/s), the opposite is true for users with motor impairments (2.34 vs. 2.88 bits/s). However, error rates are higher for goal crossing than for area pointing under a strict definition of crossing errors (6.23\% vs. 1.94\%). We also present path analyses and an examination of submovement velocity, acceleration, and jerk (the change in acceleration over time). These results show marked differences between crossing and pointing and almost categorically favor crossing. An important finding is that crossing reduces jerk for both participant groups, indicating more fluid, stable motion. To help realize the potential of goal crossing for computer access, we offer design concepts for crossing widgets that address the occlusion problem, which occurs when one crossing goal obscures another in persistent mouse-cursor interfaces. This work provides the motivation and initial steps for further exploration of goal crossing on the desktop, and may help researchers and designers to radically reshape user interfaces to provide accessible goal crossing, thereby lowering barriers to access.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "4", keywords = "area pointing; Fitts' law; goal crossing; motor impairments; mouse pointing; movement microstructure; path analysis; Steering law; submovements; Target acquisition; throughput", } @Article{Allen:2008:FEM, author = "Meghan Allen and Joanna McGrenere and Barbara Purves", title = "The Field Evaluation of a Mobile Digital Image Communication Application Designed for People with Aphasia", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "5:1--5:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361208", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "PhotoTalk is an application for a mobile device that allows people with aphasia to capture and manage digital photographs to support face-to-face communication. Unlike any other augmentative and alternative communication device for people with aphasia, PhotoTalk focuses solely on image capture and organization and is designed to be used independently. Our project used a streamlined process with three phases: (1) a rapid participatory design and development phase with two speech-language pathologists acting as representative users, (2) an informal usability study with five aphasic participants, which caught usability problems and provided preliminary feedback on the usefulness of PhotoTalk, and (3) a one-month field evaluation with two aphasic participants followed by a one-month secondary field evaluation with one aphasic participant, which showed that they all used it regularly and relatively independently, although not always for its intended communicative purpose. Our field evaluations demonstrated PhotoTalk's promise in terms of its usability and usefulness in {\em everyday communication}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "5", keywords = "AAC devices; aphasia; cognitive disability; evaluation; field study; mobile technology; participatory design", } @Article{Wandmacher:2008:SAC, author = "Tonio Wandmacher and Jean-Yves Antoine and Franck Poirier and Jean-Paul D{\'e}parte", title = "{Sibylle}, An Assistive Communication System Adapting to the Context and Its User", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "6:1--6:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361209", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In this article, we describe the latest version of Sibylle, an AAC system that permits persons who have severe physical disabilities to enter text with any computer application, as well as to compose messages to be read out through speech synthesis. The system consists of a virtual keyboard comprising a set of keypads that allow for the entering of characters or full words by a single-switch selection process. It also includes a sophisticated word prediction component which dynamically calculates the most appropriate words for a given context. This component is auto-adaptive, that is, it learns with every text the user enters. It thus adapts its predictions to the user's language and the current topic of communication as well. So far, the system works for French, German and English. Earlier versions of Sibylle have been used since 2001 in a rehabilitation center (Kerpape, France).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "6", keywords = "Augmentative and alternative communication; keystroke saving rate; latent semantic analysis; user adaptation; virtual keyboard; word prediction", } @Article{Glinert:2008:CPD, author = "Ephraim P. Glinert and Bryant W. York", title = "Computers and People with Disabilities", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "7:1--7:??", month = oct, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408761", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "{\em Editors' comments:\/} ``Computers and People with Disabilities'' is a reprint of an article originally published in {\em Communications of the ACM\/} in 1992. In this article, Glinert and York issued a ``call-to-arms'' for research and development on technologies for people with disabilities. Specifically, they highlighted that human-computer interfaces at the time generally failed to take into account the needs of disabled users. Their challenge was to change computing culture to address this need. Their article remains timely today in its consideration of government, industry, and private foundations working with researchers to achieve accessible technology. With the recent launch of {\em Transactions on Accessible Computing}, this seems an appropriate time to consider progress in the field since, as well as current research trends.\par The reprinting of this article is followed by four commentaries by leaders in accessibility research. Each was cited in the 1992 article and each now gives their view on how the field has progressed since that time. In their commentaries, some themes emerge and new technologies are discussed. In short, their commentaries point to both a great deal of progress and a lack of progress. All four of the commentators note areas where computing continues to present barriers rather than assist users with disabilities.\par Alistair Edwards sets the stage with a look back at interfaces and input technologies popular in 1992, with attention paid to access problems related to graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that have consumed much research energy since 1992. Alan Newell highlights disability concerns that were not given large research consideration in 1992, but which have now become significant due, in large part, to changes in global demographics. Specifically, he brings visibility to research on older adults and cognitively disabled users.\par A number of advances in technology and methodology since 1992 are discussed by the commentators. The ubiquity of computing and its critical adoption in the world today are highlighted. The commentators reflect, for example, on technologies produced by research for disabled users that have now impacted mainstream offerings on standards for accessibility that have emerged worldwide and their impact and on assistive technologies that have been developed. Critically, the proliferation of the World Wide Web was not foreseen in 1992 and its use by people with disabilities is discussed. Gregg Vanderheiden considers the opportunity afforded by the Web to provide widespread availability of accessible software.\par Glinert and York discussed the need for design for disability. While research relevant to users with disabilities is gaining momentum, the commentators indicate that users with disabilities still struggle with much of today's IT. The commentators note current trends toward designs that take into account disabled users. Notably, Richard Ladner ends his commentary by mentioning the issue of empowerment. Users with disabilities have moved beyond simply needing the protections of regulation that were emerging in 1992, to being active participants in designing solutions to allow full participation in the current social, political, and economic environments.\par Together, these articles provide a great deal of food for thought on technology advances and new considerations of accessible technology. Has the change in computing culture envisioned by Glinert and York taken hold?\par Vicki L. Hanson and Andrew Sears Co-Editors in Chief", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "7", keywords = "Accessibility; HCI; inclusive design; interfaces; ubiquitous computing; universal access; Web", } @Article{Edwards:2008:KTC, author = "Alistair D. N. Edwards", title = "Keeping Up with Technology: Commentary on {``Computers and People with Disabilities''}", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "8:1--8:??", month = oct, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408762", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This is a personal response to rereading the Glinert and York [1992] article ``Computers and People with Disabilities.'' Comparing the world of assistive technology as it was in 1992 and as it now appears is instructive in terms of the things which have changed --- and those which have not. The technology has certainly developed. This applies both to the mainstream and to the assistive technology which aims to make the mainstream accessible. So, in 1992, the GUI was a threat to visually impaired computer users; now there are powerful screen readers available. Yet what does not appear to have changed much is the fact that assistive technologies continue to lag behind the mainstream, constantly having to ``catch up.'' Also, while there has been some increase in awareness of the need for accessibility, there is still scope for that awareness to be translated into action.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "8", keywords = "Interfaces", } @Article{Newell:2008:ACP, author = "Alan F. Newell", title = "Accessible Computing --- Past Trends and Future Suggestions: Commentary on {``Computers and People with Disabilities''}", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "9:1--9:??", month = oct, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408763", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This article gives a personal perspective on Glinert and York's 1992 paper, focusing on whether and how the situation has changed over the past 15 years, and makes recommendations for the future of the field of accessible computing with a particular focus on the needs of older people and people with cognitive dysfunction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "9", keywords = "Assistive technology; cognitive dysfunction; inclusive design; older and disabled people; theater in design", } @Article{Vanderheiden:2008:UAC, author = "Gregg C. Vanderheiden", title = "Ubiquitous Accessibility, Common Technology Core, and Micro-Assistive Technology: Commentary on {``Computers and People with Disabilities''}", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "10:1--10:??", month = oct, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408764", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Much has changed since 1992 when the original CACM article by Ephraim Glinert and Bryant York was published. In the early 1990's, accessibility was mostly an add-on, with only Apple computers having built-in access. Computers were playing an increasingly important role in education and employment, but had not yet completely integrated themselves into all aspects of life as completely as they have today. The World Wide Web as we know it had not yet been born. Today there are accessibility features built directly into every major operating system, and one OS even includes a built-in screen reader. Assistive technologies are more numerous and capable. And awareness of the importance of access is much higher. However, some things have not changed. Assistive technologies lag behind mainstream technologies in both compatibility and functionality. Effective assistive technologies are often beyond the financial reach of those who need them. Effective assistive technologies are not available in many countries and many languages, even though technology is reaching into education, employment, and daily living of more countries and more people in each country every year. In moving forward we need to build on what we have achieved and explore new concepts, such as a {\em common technical core, ubiquitous accessibility, micro-assistive technology}, and {\em free public accessibility}. Cooperative and collaborative approaches also need to be explored if we are to have any hope of catching up and keeping up with the ever-accelerating mainstream information and communication technologies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "10", keywords = "Interfaces; micro-AT; ubiquitous accessibility", } @Article{Ladner:2008:AEC, author = "Richard E. Ladner", title = "Access and Empowerment: Commentary on {``Computers and People with Disabilities''}", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "11:1--11:??", month = oct, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408765", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "A number of positive changes have taken place since Glinert and York's 1992 call-to-arms. Progress reviewed in this article includes evolving considerations of universal design in the marketplace, ubiquitous computing with accessibility features, increasing computing research and conference venues that address needs of users with disabilities, and attention to the importance of user empowerment in development.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "11", keywords = "ubiquitous computing; Universal design; user-centered design; Web", } @Article{Crossan:2008:MTP, author = "Andrew Crossan and Stephen Brewster", title = "Multimodal Trajectory Playback for Teaching Shape Information and Trajectories to Visually Impaired Computer Users", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "12:1--12:??", month = oct, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408766", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "There are difficulties in presenting nontextual or dynamic information to blind or visually impaired users through computers. This article examines the potential of haptic and auditory trajectory playback as a method of teaching shapes and gestures to visually impaired people. Two studies are described which test the success of teaching simple shapes. The first study examines haptic trajectory playback alone, played through a force-feedback device, and compares performance of visually impaired users with sighted users. It demonstrates that the task is significantly harder for visually impaired users. The second study builds on these results, combining force-feedback with audio to teach visually impaired users to recreate shapes. The results suggest that users performed significantly better when presented with multimodal haptic and audio playback of the shape, rather than haptic only. Finally, an initial test of these ideas in an application context is described, with sighted participants describing drawings to visually impaired participants through touch and sound. This study demonstrates in what situations trajectory playback can prove a useful role in a collaborative setting.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "12", keywords = "Accessibility; evaluation; multimodal; trajectory playback", } @Article{McCoy:2009:ISI, author = "Kathleen F. McCoy and Annalu Waller", title = "Introduction to the Special Issue on {AAC}", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "13:1--13:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497303", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This article presents an introduction to the special issue on Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "13", keywords = "Alternative and augmentative communication; human-computer interaction", } @Article{Ghedira:2009:CEC, author = "Souhir Ghedira and Pierre Pino and Guy Bourhis", title = "Conception and Experimentation of a Communication Device with Adaptive Scanning", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "14:1--14:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497304", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "For some people with motor disabilities and speech disorders, the only way to communicate and to have some control over their environment is through the use of a controlled scanning system operated by a single switch. The main problem with these systems is that the communication process tends to be exceedingly slow, since the system must scan through the available choices one at a time until the desired message is reached. One way of raising the speed of message selection is to optimize the elementary scanning delay in real time so that it allows the user to make selections as quickly as possible without making too many errors. With this objective in mind, this article presents a method for optimizing the scanning delay, which is based on an analysis of the data recorded in ``log files'' while applying the EDiTH system [Digital Teleaction Environment for People with Disabilities]. This analysis makes it possible to develop a human-machine interaction model specific to the study, and then to establish an adaptive algorithm for the calculation of the scanning delay. The results obtained with imposed scenarios and then in ecological situations provides a confirmation that our algorithms are effective in dynamically adapting a scan speed. The main advantage offered by the procedure proposed is that it works on timing information alone and thus does not require any knowledge of the scanning device itself. This allows it to work with any scanning device.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "14", keywords = "adaptive scanning rate; Alternative communication; Model Human Processor; modeling; scanning system", } @Article{Fried-Oken:2009:EVO, author = "Melanie Fried-Oken and Charity Rowland and Glory Baker and Mayling Dixon and Carolyn Mills and Darlene Schultz and Barry Oken", title = "The Effect of Voice Output on {AAC}-Supported Conversations of Persons with {Alzheimer}'s Disease", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "15:1--15:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497305", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence or absence of digitized 1--2-word voice output on a direct selection, customized Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) device would affect the impoverished conversations of persons with dementia. Thirty adults with moderate Alzheimer's disease participated in two personally relevant conversations with an AAC device. For twelve of the participants the AAC device included voice output. The AAC device was the Flexiboard$^{TM}$ containing sixteen messages needed to discuss a favorite autobiographical topic chosen by the participant and his/her family caregivers. Ten-minute conversations were videotaped in participants' residences and analyzed for four conversational measures related to the participants' communicative behavior. Results show that AAC devices with digitized voice output depress conversational performance and distract participants with moderate Alzheimer's disease as compared to similar devices without voice output. There were significantly more 1-word utterances and fewer total utterances when AAC devices included voice output, and the rate of topic elaborations/initiations was significantly lower when voice output was present. Discussion about the novelty of voice output for this population of elders and the need to train elders to use this technology is provided.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "15", keywords = "Alzheimer' Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC); Dementia; digitized speech synthesis; language; s disease", } @Article{Waller:2009:ESP, author = "Annalu Waller and Rolf Black and David A. O'Mara and Helen Pain and Graeme Ritchie and Ruli Manurung", title = "Evaluating the {STANDUP} Pun Generating Software with Children with Cerebral Palsy", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "16:1--16:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497306", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The interactive STANDUP software was developed to provide children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) with a ``language playground.'' The software provides appropriate functionality for users with physical, speech, and language impairments to generate and tell novel punning riddles at different levels of complexity. STANDUP was evaluated with nine children with cerebral palsy during an eight-week study. Results show that the participants were able to generate and tell novel jokes with minimal or no support. The use of STANDUP impacted favorably on general AAC use. The study results also suggested that STANDUP could potentially have a positive effect on social and pragmatic skills. Further research to investigate the impact of STANDUP on communication skills is proposed. Suggestions for future software development include providing users with opportunities to complete jokes and to integrate online dictionaries when new vocabulary is encountered.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "16", keywords = "Alternative and augmentative communication; computational humor; speech generation devices", } @Article{Trnka:2009:UIW, author = "Keith Trnka and John McCaw and Debra Yarrington and Kathleen F. McCoy and Christopher Pennington", title = "User Interaction with Word Prediction: The Effects of Prediction Quality", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "17:1--17:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497307", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Word prediction systems can reduce the number of keystrokes required to form a message in a letter-based AAC system. It has been questioned, however, whether such savings translate into an enhanced communication rate due to the additional overhead (e.g., shifting of focus and repeated scanning of a prediction list) required in using such a system. Our hypothesis is that word prediction has high potential for enhancing AAC communication rate, but the amount is dependent in a complex way on the accuracy of the predictions. Due to significant user interface variations in AAC systems and the potential bias of prior word prediction experience on existing devices, this hypothesis is difficult to verify. We present a study of two different word prediction methods compared against letter-by-letter entry at simulated AAC communication rates. We find that word prediction systems can in fact speed communication rate (an advanced system gave a 58.6\% improvement), and that a more accurate word prediction system can raise the communication rate higher than is explained by the additional accuracy of the system alone due to better utilization (93.6\% utilization for advanced versus 78.2\% for basic).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "17", keywords = "communication rate; user study; Word prediction", } @Article{Czaja:2009:ISI, author = "Sara J. Czaja and Peter Gregor and Vicki L. Hanson", title = "Introduction to the Special Issue on Aging and Information Technology", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "1:1--1:??", month = may, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525841", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This article provides an introduction to the Special Issue on Aging.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "1", keywords = "Aging; cognitive aging; instruction; menu design; older adults; pen interfaces; quality of life technology; spoken dialog systems; user privacy preferences; video modeling; voice interfaces", } @Article{Wolters:2009:BOD, author = "Maria Wolters and Kallirroi Georgila and Johanna D. Moore and Sarah E. MacPherson", title = "Being Old Doesn't Mean Acting Old: How Older Users Interact with Spoken Dialog Systems", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "2:1--2:??", month = may, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525842", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Most studies on adapting voice interfaces to older users work top-down by comparing the interaction behavior of older and younger users. In contrast, we present a bottom-up approach. A statistical cluster analysis of 447 appointment scheduling dialogs between 50 older and younger users and 9 simulated spoken dialog systems revealed two main user groups, a ``social'' group and a ``factual'' group. ``Factual'' users adapted quickly to the systems and interacted efficiently with them. ``Social'' users, on the other hand, were more likely to treat the system like a human, and did not adapt their interaction style. While almost all ``social'' users were older, over a third of all older users belonged in the ``factual'' group. Cognitive abilities and gender did not predict group membership. We conclude that spoken dialog systems should adapt to users based on observed behavior, not on age.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "2", keywords = "Aging; clustering; cognitive aging; spoken dialog systems; voice interfaces", } @Article{Moffatt:2009:EMI, author = "Karyn Moffatt and Joanna McGrenere", title = "Exploring Methods to Improve Pen-Based Menu Selection for Younger and Older Adults", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "3:1--3:??", month = may, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525843", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Tablet PCs are gaining popularity, but many individuals still struggle with pen-based interaction. In a previous baseline study, we examined the types of difficulties younger and older adults encounter when using pen-based input. The research reported in this article seeks to address one of these errors, namely, missing just below. This error occurs in a menu selection task when a user's selection pattern is downwardly shifted, such that the top edge of the menu item below the target is selected relatively often, while the corresponding top edge of the target itself is seldom selected. We developed two approaches for addressing missing just below errors: reassigning selections along the top edge and deactivating them. In a laboratory evaluation, only the deactivated edge approach showed promise overall. Further analysis of our data revealed that individual differences played a large role in our results and identified a new source of selection difficulty. Specifically, we observed two error-prone groups of users: the low hitters, who, like participants in the baseline study, made missing just below errors, and the high hitters, who, in contrast, had difficulty with errors on the item above. All but one of the older participants fell into one of these error-prone groups, reinforcing that older users do need better support for selecting menu items with a pen. Preliminary analysis of the performance data suggests both of our approaches were beneficial for the low hitters, but that additional techniques are needed to meet the needs of the high hitters and to address the challenge of supporting both groups in a single interface.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "3", keywords = "aging; interaction techniques; menu design; older users; Pen-based target acquisition", } @Article{Struve:2009:VMT, author = "Doreen Struve and Hartmut Wandke", title = "Video Modeling for Training Older Adults to Use New Technologies", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "4:1--4:??", month = may, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525844", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The increasing permeation of technology in our society leads to the challenge that everybody needs to interact with technology systems. Older adults often meet difficulties while trying to interact with complex, demanding systems in their daily life. One approach to enable older adults to use new technologies in a safe and efficient way is the provision of training programs. In this article we report about a promising training strategy using video modeling in conjunction with other instructional methods to enhance learning. Cognitive as well as socio-motivational aspects will be addressed. We assessed if guided error training in video modeling will improve learning outcomes for a Ticket Vending Machine (TVM). To investigate if the training method might be beneficial for younger adults as well, we compared 40 younger and 40 older adult learners in a guided error training course with error-free training. Younger and older participants made fewer mistakes in guided error training, but no differences occurred in task completion times. Moreover, self-efficacy increased with training for both age groups, but no significant differences were found for the training condition. Analysis of knowledge gains showed a significant benefit of guided error training in structural knowledge. Overall, the results showed that guided error training may enhance learning for younger and older adults who are learning to use technology.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "4", keywords = "guided error training; Instruction; older adults; self-efficacy; technology use; video modeling", } @Article{Beach:2009:R, author = "Scott Beach and ACM TACCESS Staff and Richard Schulz and Julie Downs and Judith Matthews and Bruce Barron and Katherine Seelman", title = "2008 Reviewers", journal = j-TACCESS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "6:1--6:??", month = may, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1525840.1540652", ISSN = "1936-7228", bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Technology aimed at enhancing function and enabling independent living among older and disabled adults is a growing field of research. Privacy concerns are a potential barrier to adoption of such technology. Using data from a national Web survey (n=1,518), we focus on perceived acceptability of sharing information about toileting, taking medications, moving about the home, cognitive ability, driving behavior, and vital signs with five targets: family, healthcare providers, insurance companies, researchers, and government. We also examine acceptability of recording the behaviors using three methods: video with sound, video without sound, and sensors. Results show that sharing or recording information about toileting behavior; sharing information with the government and insurance companies; and recording the information using video were least acceptable. Respondents who reported current disability were significantly more accepting of sharing and recording of information than nondisabled adults, controlling for demographic variables, general technology attitudes, and assistive device use. Results for age were less consistent, although older respondents tended to be more accepting than younger respondents. The study provides empirical evidence from a large national sample of the implicit trade-offs between privacy and the potential for improved health among older and disabled adults in quality of life technology applications.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "6", keywords = "quality of life technology; User privacy preferences", }