%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%% BibTeX-file{
%%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%% version = "1.01",
%%% date = "01 June 2009",
%%% time = "18:13:16 MDT",
%%% filename = "taccess.bib",
%%% address = "University of Utah
%%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%% USA",
%%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%% checksum = "33412 1064 5863 53868",
%%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
%%% keywords = "ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing;
%%% bibliography; TACCESS",
%%% license = "public domain",
%%% supported = "yes",
%%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for
%%% ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing
%%% (CODEN ????, ISSN: 1936-7228), covering all
%%% journal issues from 2008 -- date.
%%%
%%% At version 1.01, the COMPLETE journal
%%% coverage looked like this:
%%%
%%% 2008 ( 12) 2009 ( 10)
%%%
%%% Article: 22
%%%
%%% Total entries: 22
%%%
%%% The journal Web page can be found at:
%%%
%%% http://www.is.umbc.edu/taccess/
%%%
%%% The journal table of contents page is at:
%%%
%%% http://www.acm.org/taccess/
%%% http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?linked=1&part=transaction&idx=J1156
%%%
%%% Qualified subscribers can retrieve the full
%%% text of recent articles in PDF form.
%%%
%%% The initial draft was extracted from the ACM
%%% Web pages.
%%%
%%% ACM copyrights explicitly permit abstracting
%%% with credit, so article abstracts, keywords,
%%% and subject classifications have been
%%% included in this bibliography wherever
%%% available. Article reviews have been
%%% omitted, until their copyright status has
%%% been clarified.
%%%
%%% bibsource keys in the bibliography entries
%%% below indicate the entry originally came
%%% from the computer science bibliography
%%% archive, even though it has likely since
%%% been corrected and updated.
%%%
%%% URL keys in the bibliography point to
%%% World Wide Web locations of additional
%%% information about the entry.
%%%
%%% BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen
%%% as name:year:abbrev, where name is the
%%% family name of the first author or editor,
%%% year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a
%%% 3-letter condensation of important title
%%% words. Citation tags were automatically
%%% generated by software developed for the
%%% BibNet Project.
%%%
%%% In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%% publication order, using ``bibsort -byvolume.''
%%%
%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
%%% Solovay's checksum utility."
%%% }
%%% ====================================================================
@Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty" #
"\def \TM {${}^{\sc TM}$}"
}
%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
University of Utah,
Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
155 S 1400 E RM 233,
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
\path|beebe@acm.org|,
\path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}
%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:
@String{j-TACCESS = "ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing"}
%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries:
@Article{Sears:2008:I,
author = "Andrew Sears and Vicki Hanson",
title = "Introduction",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361204",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
}
@Article{Trewin:2008:GE,
author = "Shari Trewin",
title = "Guest Editorial",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361205",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
}
@Article{Huenerfauth:2008:EAS,
author = "Matt Huenerfauth and Liming Zhao and Erdan Gu and Jan
Allbeck",
title = "Evaluation of {American Sign Language} Generation by
Native {ASL} Signers",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361206",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "There are many important factors in the design of
evaluation studies for systems that generate animations
of American Sign Language (ASL) sentences, and
techniques for evaluating natural language generation
of written texts are not easily adapted to ASL. When
conducting user-based evaluations, several cultural and
linguistic characteristics of members of the American
Deaf community must be taken into account so as to
ensure the accuracy of evaluations involving these
users. This article describes an implementation and
user-based evaluation (by native ASL signers) of a
prototype ASL natural language generation system that
produces sentences containing classifier predicates,
which are frequent and complex spatial phenomena that
previous ASL generators have not produced. Native
signers preferred the system's output to Signed English
animations -- scoring it higher in grammaticality,
understandability, and naturalness of movement. They
were also more successful at a comprehension task after
viewing the system's classifier predicate animations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
keywords = "accessibility technology for the deaf; American Sign
Language; animation; evaluation; natural language
generation",
}
@Article{Wobbrock:2008:GCM,
author = "Jacob O. Wobbrock and Krzysztof Z. Gajos",
title = "Goal Crossing with Mice and Trackballs for People with
Motor Impairments: Performance, Submovements, and
Design Directions",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361207",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "Prior research shows that people with motor
impairments face considerable challenges when using
conventional mice and trackballs. One challenge is
positioning the mouse cursor within confined target
areas; another is executing a precise click without
slipping. These problems can make mouse pointing in
graphical user interfaces very difficult for some
people. This article explores goal crossing as an
alternative strategy for more accessible target
acquisition. In goal crossing, targets are boundaries
that are simply crossed by the mouse cursor. Thus, goal
crossing avoids the two aforementioned problems. To
date, however, researchers have not examined the
feasibility of goal crossing for people with motor
difficulties. We therefore present a study comparing
area pointing and goal crossing. Our performance
results indicate that although Fitts' throughput for
able-bodied users is higher for area pointing than for
goal crossing (4.72 vs. 3.61 bits/s), the opposite is
true for users with motor impairments (2.34 vs. 2.88
bits/s). However, error rates are higher for goal
crossing than for area pointing under a strict
definition of crossing errors (6.23\% vs. 1.94\%). We
also present path analyses and an examination of
submovement velocity, acceleration, and jerk (the
change in acceleration over time). These results show
marked differences between crossing and pointing and
almost categorically favor crossing. An important
finding is that crossing reduces jerk for both
participant groups, indicating more fluid, stable
motion. To help realize the potential of goal crossing
for computer access, we offer design concepts for
crossing widgets that address the occlusion problem,
which occurs when one crossing goal obscures another in
persistent mouse-cursor interfaces. This work provides
the motivation and initial steps for further
exploration of goal crossing on the desktop, and may
help researchers and designers to radically reshape
user interfaces to provide accessible goal crossing,
thereby lowering barriers to access.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
keywords = "area pointing; Fitts' law; goal crossing; motor
impairments; mouse pointing; movement microstructure;
path analysis; Steering law; submovements; Target
acquisition; throughput",
}
@Article{Allen:2008:FEM,
author = "Meghan Allen and Joanna McGrenere and Barbara Purves",
title = "The Field Evaluation of a Mobile Digital Image
Communication Application Designed for People with
Aphasia",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361208",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "PhotoTalk is an application for a mobile device that
allows people with aphasia to capture and manage
digital photographs to support face-to-face
communication. Unlike any other augmentative and
alternative communication device for people with
aphasia, PhotoTalk focuses solely on image capture and
organization and is designed to be used independently.
Our project used a streamlined process with three
phases: (1) a rapid participatory design and
development phase with two speech-language pathologists
acting as representative users, (2) an informal
usability study with five aphasic participants, which
caught usability problems and provided preliminary
feedback on the usefulness of PhotoTalk, and (3) a
one-month field evaluation with two aphasic
participants followed by a one-month secondary field
evaluation with one aphasic participant, which showed
that they all used it regularly and relatively
independently, although not always for its intended
communicative purpose. Our field evaluations
demonstrated PhotoTalk's promise in terms of its
usability and usefulness in {\em everyday
communication}.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
keywords = "AAC devices; aphasia; cognitive disability;
evaluation; field study; mobile technology;
participatory design",
}
@Article{Wandmacher:2008:SAC,
author = "Tonio Wandmacher and Jean-Yves Antoine and Franck
Poirier and Jean-Paul D{\'e}parte",
title = "{Sibylle}, An Assistive Communication System Adapting
to the Context and Its User",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1361203.1361209",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:15 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "In this article, we describe the latest version of
Sibylle, an AAC system that permits persons who have
severe physical disabilities to enter text with any
computer application, as well as to compose messages to
be read out through speech synthesis. The system
consists of a virtual keyboard comprising a set of
keypads that allow for the entering of characters or
full words by a single-switch selection process. It
also includes a sophisticated word prediction component
which dynamically calculates the most appropriate words
for a given context. This component is auto-adaptive,
that is, it learns with every text the user enters. It
thus adapts its predictions to the user's language and
the current topic of communication as well. So far, the
system works for French, German and English. Earlier
versions of Sibylle have been used since 2001 in a
rehabilitation center (Kerpape, France).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
keywords = "Augmentative and alternative communication; keystroke
saving rate; latent semantic analysis; user adaptation;
virtual keyboard; word prediction",
}
@Article{Glinert:2008:CPD,
author = "Ephraim P. Glinert and Bryant W. York",
title = "Computers and People with Disabilities",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = oct,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408761",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "{\em Editors' comments:\/} ``Computers and People with
Disabilities'' is a reprint of an article originally
published in {\em Communications of the ACM\/} in 1992.
In this article, Glinert and York issued a
``call-to-arms'' for research and development on
technologies for people with disabilities.
Specifically, they highlighted that human-computer
interfaces at the time generally failed to take into
account the needs of disabled users. Their challenge
was to change computing culture to address this need.
Their article remains timely today in its consideration
of government, industry, and private foundations
working with researchers to achieve accessible
technology. With the recent launch of {\em Transactions
on Accessible Computing}, this seems an appropriate
time to consider progress in the field since, as well
as current research trends.\par
The reprinting of this article is followed by four
commentaries by leaders in accessibility research. Each
was cited in the 1992 article and each now gives their
view on how the field has progressed since that time.
In their commentaries, some themes emerge and new
technologies are discussed. In short, their
commentaries point to both a great deal of progress and
a lack of progress. All four of the commentators note
areas where computing continues to present barriers
rather than assist users with
disabilities.\par
Alistair Edwards sets the stage with a look back at
interfaces and input technologies popular in 1992, with
attention paid to access problems related to graphical
user interfaces (GUIs) that have consumed much research
energy since 1992. Alan Newell highlights disability
concerns that were not given large research
consideration in 1992, but which have now become
significant due, in large part, to changes in global
demographics. Specifically, he brings visibility to
research on older adults and cognitively disabled
users.\par
A number of advances in technology and methodology
since 1992 are discussed by the commentators. The
ubiquity of computing and its critical adoption in the
world today are highlighted. The commentators reflect,
for example, on technologies produced by research for
disabled users that have now impacted mainstream
offerings on standards for accessibility that have
emerged worldwide and their impact and on assistive
technologies that have been developed. Critically, the
proliferation of the World Wide Web was not foreseen in
1992 and its use by people with disabilities is
discussed. Gregg Vanderheiden considers the opportunity
afforded by the Web to provide widespread availability
of accessible software.\par
Glinert and York discussed the need for design for
disability. While research relevant to users with
disabilities is gaining momentum, the commentators
indicate that users with disabilities still struggle
with much of today's IT. The commentators note current
trends toward designs that take into account disabled
users. Notably, Richard Ladner ends his commentary by
mentioning the issue of empowerment. Users with
disabilities have moved beyond simply needing the
protections of regulation that were emerging in 1992,
to being active participants in designing solutions to
allow full participation in the current social,
political, and economic environments.\par
Together, these articles provide a great deal of food
for thought on technology advances and new
considerations of accessible technology. Has the change
in computing culture envisioned by Glinert and York
taken hold?\par
Vicki L. Hanson and Andrew Sears
Co-Editors in Chief",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
keywords = "Accessibility; HCI; inclusive design; interfaces;
ubiquitous computing; universal access; Web",
}
@Article{Edwards:2008:KTC,
author = "Alistair D. N. Edwards",
title = "Keeping Up with Technology: Commentary on
{``Computers and People with Disabilities''}",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = oct,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408762",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "This is a personal response to rereading the Glinert
and York [1992] article ``Computers and People with
Disabilities.'' Comparing the world of assistive
technology as it was in 1992 and as it now appears is
instructive in terms of the things which have changed
--- and those which have not. The technology has
certainly developed. This applies both to the
mainstream and to the assistive technology which aims
to make the mainstream accessible. So, in 1992, the GUI
was a threat to visually impaired computer users; now
there are powerful screen readers available. Yet what
does not appear to have changed much is the fact that
assistive technologies continue to lag behind the
mainstream, constantly having to ``catch up.'' Also,
while there has been some increase in awareness of the
need for accessibility, there is still scope for that
awareness to be translated into action.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
keywords = "Interfaces",
}
@Article{Newell:2008:ACP,
author = "Alan F. Newell",
title = "Accessible Computing --- Past Trends and Future
Suggestions: Commentary on {``Computers and People with
Disabilities''}",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = oct,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408763",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "This article gives a personal perspective on Glinert
and York's 1992 paper, focusing on whether and how the
situation has changed over the past 15 years, and makes
recommendations for the future of the field of
accessible computing with a particular focus on the
needs of older people and people with cognitive
dysfunction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
keywords = "Assistive technology; cognitive dysfunction; inclusive
design; older and disabled people; theater in design",
}
@Article{Vanderheiden:2008:UAC,
author = "Gregg C. Vanderheiden",
title = "Ubiquitous Accessibility, Common Technology Core,
and Micro-Assistive Technology: Commentary on
{``Computers and People with Disabilities''}",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = oct,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408764",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "Much has changed since 1992 when the original CACM
article by Ephraim Glinert and Bryant York was
published. In the early 1990's, accessibility was
mostly an add-on, with only Apple computers having
built-in access. Computers were playing an increasingly
important role in education and employment, but had not
yet completely integrated themselves into all aspects
of life as completely as they have today. The World
Wide Web as we know it had not yet been born. Today
there are accessibility features built directly into
every major operating system, and one OS even includes
a built-in screen reader. Assistive technologies are
more numerous and capable. And awareness of the
importance of access is much higher. However, some
things have not changed. Assistive technologies lag
behind mainstream technologies in both compatibility
and functionality. Effective assistive technologies are
often beyond the financial reach of those who need
them. Effective assistive technologies are not
available in many countries and many languages, even
though technology is reaching into education,
employment, and daily living of more countries and more
people in each country every year. In moving forward we
need to build on what we have achieved and explore new
concepts, such as a {\em common technical core,
ubiquitous accessibility, micro-assistive technology},
and {\em free public accessibility}. Cooperative and
collaborative approaches also need to be explored if we
are to have any hope of catching up and keeping up with
the ever-accelerating mainstream information and
communication technologies.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
keywords = "Interfaces; micro-AT; ubiquitous accessibility",
}
@Article{Ladner:2008:AEC,
author = "Richard E. Ladner",
title = "Access and Empowerment: Commentary on {``Computers and
People with Disabilities''}",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = oct,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408765",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "A number of positive changes have taken place since
Glinert and York's 1992 call-to-arms. Progress reviewed
in this article includes evolving considerations of
universal design in the marketplace, ubiquitous
computing with accessibility features, increasing
computing research and conference venues that address
needs of users with disabilities, and attention to the
importance of user empowerment in development.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
keywords = "ubiquitous computing; Universal design; user-centered
design; Web",
}
@Article{Crossan:2008:MTP,
author = "Andrew Crossan and Stephen Brewster",
title = "Multimodal Trajectory Playback for Teaching Shape
Information and Trajectories to Visually Impaired
Computer Users",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = oct,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1408760.1408766",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Tue Oct 21 18:48:22 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "There are difficulties in presenting nontextual or
dynamic information to blind or visually impaired users
through computers. This article examines the potential
of haptic and auditory trajectory playback as a method
of teaching shapes and gestures to visually impaired
people. Two studies are described which test the
success of teaching simple shapes. The first study
examines haptic trajectory playback alone, played
through a force-feedback device, and compares
performance of visually impaired users with sighted
users. It demonstrates that the task is significantly
harder for visually impaired users. The second study
builds on these results, combining force-feedback with
audio to teach visually impaired users to recreate
shapes. The results suggest that users performed
significantly better when presented with multimodal
haptic and audio playback of the shape, rather than
haptic only. Finally, an initial test of these ideas in
an application context is described, with sighted
participants describing drawings to visually impaired
participants through touch and sound. This study
demonstrates in what situations trajectory playback can
prove a useful role in a collaborative setting.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
keywords = "Accessibility; evaluation; multimodal; trajectory
playback",
}
@Article{McCoy:2009:ISI,
author = "Kathleen F. McCoy and Annalu Waller",
title = "Introduction to the Special Issue on {AAC}",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = feb,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497303",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "This article presents an introduction to the special
issue on Augmentative and Alternative Communication
(AAC).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
keywords = "Alternative and augmentative communication;
human-computer interaction",
}
@Article{Ghedira:2009:CEC,
author = "Souhir Ghedira and Pierre Pino and Guy Bourhis",
title = "Conception and Experimentation of a Communication
Device with Adaptive Scanning",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = feb,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497304",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "For some people with motor disabilities and speech
disorders, the only way to communicate and to have some
control over their environment is through the use of a
controlled scanning system operated by a single switch.
The main problem with these systems is that the
communication process tends to be exceedingly slow,
since the system must scan through the available
choices one at a time until the desired message is
reached. One way of raising the speed of message
selection is to optimize the elementary scanning delay
in real time so that it allows the user to make
selections as quickly as possible without making too
many errors. With this objective in mind, this article
presents a method for optimizing the scanning delay,
which is based on an analysis of the data recorded in
``log files'' while applying the EDiTH system [Digital
Teleaction Environment for People with Disabilities].
This analysis makes it possible to develop a
human-machine interaction model specific to the study,
and then to establish an adaptive algorithm for the
calculation of the scanning delay. The results obtained
with imposed scenarios and then in ecological
situations provides a confirmation that our algorithms
are effective in dynamically adapting a scan speed. The
main advantage offered by the procedure proposed is
that it works on timing information alone and thus does
not require any knowledge of the scanning device
itself. This allows it to work with any scanning
device.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
keywords = "adaptive scanning rate; Alternative communication;
Model Human Processor; modeling; scanning system",
}
@Article{Fried-Oken:2009:EVO,
author = "Melanie Fried-Oken and Charity Rowland and Glory Baker
and Mayling Dixon and Carolyn Mills and Darlene Schultz
and Barry Oken",
title = "The Effect of Voice Output on {AAC}-Supported
Conversations of Persons with {Alzheimer}'s Disease",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = feb,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497305",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "The purpose of this study was to determine whether the
presence or absence of digitized 1--2-word voice output
on a direct selection, customized Augmentative and
Alternative Communication (AAC) device would affect the
impoverished conversations of persons with dementia.
Thirty adults with moderate Alzheimer's disease
participated in two personally relevant conversations
with an AAC device. For twelve of the participants the
AAC device included voice output. The AAC device was
the Flexiboard$^{TM}$ containing sixteen messages
needed to discuss a favorite autobiographical topic
chosen by the participant and his/her family
caregivers. Ten-minute conversations were videotaped in
participants' residences and analyzed for four
conversational measures related to the participants'
communicative behavior. Results show that AAC devices
with digitized voice output depress conversational
performance and distract participants with moderate
Alzheimer's disease as compared to similar devices
without voice output. There were significantly more
1-word utterances and fewer total utterances when AAC
devices included voice output, and the rate of topic
elaborations/initiations was significantly lower when
voice output was present. Discussion about the novelty
of voice output for this population of elders and the
need to train elders to use this technology is
provided.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
keywords = "Alzheimer' Augmentative and Alternative Communication
(AAC); Dementia; digitized speech synthesis; language;
s disease",
}
@Article{Waller:2009:ESP,
author = "Annalu Waller and Rolf Black and David A. O'Mara and
Helen Pain and Graeme Ritchie and Ruli Manurung",
title = "Evaluating the {STANDUP} Pun Generating Software with
Children with Cerebral Palsy",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = feb,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497306",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "The interactive STANDUP software was developed to
provide children who use augmentative and alternative
communication (AAC) with a ``language playground.'' The
software provides appropriate functionality for users
with physical, speech, and language impairments to
generate and tell novel punning riddles at different
levels of complexity. STANDUP was evaluated with nine
children with cerebral palsy during an eight-week
study. Results show that the participants were able to
generate and tell novel jokes with minimal or no
support. The use of STANDUP impacted favorably on
general AAC use. The study results also suggested that
STANDUP could potentially have a positive effect on
social and pragmatic skills. Further research to
investigate the impact of STANDUP on communication
skills is proposed. Suggestions for future software
development include providing users with opportunities
to complete jokes and to integrate online dictionaries
when new vocabulary is encountered.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
keywords = "Alternative and augmentative communication;
computational humor; speech generation devices",
}
@Article{Trnka:2009:UIW,
author = "Keith Trnka and John McCaw and Debra Yarrington and
Kathleen F. McCoy and Christopher Pennington",
title = "User Interaction with Word Prediction: The Effects of
Prediction Quality",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = feb,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1497302.1497307",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:33 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "Word prediction systems can reduce the number of
keystrokes required to form a message in a letter-based
AAC system. It has been questioned, however, whether
such savings translate into an enhanced communication
rate due to the additional overhead (e.g., shifting of
focus and repeated scanning of a prediction list)
required in using such a system. Our hypothesis is that
word prediction has high potential for enhancing AAC
communication rate, but the amount is dependent in a
complex way on the accuracy of the predictions. Due to
significant user interface variations in AAC systems
and the potential bias of prior word prediction
experience on existing devices, this hypothesis is
difficult to verify. We present a study of two
different word prediction methods compared against
letter-by-letter entry at simulated AAC communication
rates. We find that word prediction systems can in fact
speed communication rate (an advanced system gave a
58.6\% improvement), and that a more accurate word
prediction system can raise the communication rate
higher than is explained by the additional accuracy of
the system alone due to better utilization (93.6\%
utilization for advanced versus 78.2\% for basic).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
keywords = "communication rate; user study; Word prediction",
}
@Article{Czaja:2009:ISI,
author = "Sara J. Czaja and Peter Gregor and Vicki L. Hanson",
title = "Introduction to the Special Issue on Aging and
Information Technology",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = may,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525841",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "This article provides an introduction to the Special
Issue on Aging.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
keywords = "Aging; cognitive aging; instruction; menu design;
older adults; pen interfaces; quality of life
technology; spoken dialog systems; user privacy
preferences; video modeling; voice interfaces",
}
@Article{Wolters:2009:BOD,
author = "Maria Wolters and Kallirroi Georgila and Johanna D.
Moore and Sarah E. MacPherson",
title = "Being Old Doesn't Mean Acting Old: How Older Users
Interact with Spoken Dialog Systems",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = may,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525842",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "Most studies on adapting voice interfaces to older
users work top-down by comparing the interaction
behavior of older and younger users. In contrast, we
present a bottom-up approach. A statistical cluster
analysis of 447 appointment scheduling dialogs between
50 older and younger users and 9 simulated spoken
dialog systems revealed two main user groups, a
``social'' group and a ``factual'' group. ``Factual''
users adapted quickly to the systems and interacted
efficiently with them. ``Social'' users, on the other
hand, were more likely to treat the system like a
human, and did not adapt their interaction style. While
almost all ``social'' users were older, over a third of
all older users belonged in the ``factual'' group.
Cognitive abilities and gender did not predict group
membership. We conclude that spoken dialog systems
should adapt to users based on observed behavior, not
on age.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
keywords = "Aging; clustering; cognitive aging; spoken dialog
systems; voice interfaces",
}
@Article{Moffatt:2009:EMI,
author = "Karyn Moffatt and Joanna McGrenere",
title = "Exploring Methods to Improve Pen-Based Menu Selection
for Younger and Older Adults",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = may,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525843",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "Tablet PCs are gaining popularity, but many
individuals still struggle with pen-based interaction.
In a previous baseline study, we examined the types of
difficulties younger and older adults encounter when
using pen-based input. The research reported in this
article seeks to address one of these errors, namely,
missing just below. This error occurs in a menu
selection task when a user's selection pattern is
downwardly shifted, such that the top edge of the menu
item below the target is selected relatively often,
while the corresponding top edge of the target itself
is seldom selected. We developed two approaches for
addressing missing just below errors: reassigning
selections along the top edge and deactivating them. In
a laboratory evaluation, only the deactivated edge
approach showed promise overall. Further analysis of
our data revealed that individual differences played a
large role in our results and identified a new source
of selection difficulty. Specifically, we observed two
error-prone groups of users: the low hitters, who, like
participants in the baseline study, made missing just
below errors, and the high hitters, who, in contrast,
had difficulty with errors on the item above. All but
one of the older participants fell into one of these
error-prone groups, reinforcing that older users do
need better support for selecting menu items with a
pen. Preliminary analysis of the performance data
suggests both of our approaches were beneficial for the
low hitters, but that additional techniques are needed
to meet the needs of the high hitters and to address
the challenge of supporting both groups in a single
interface.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
keywords = "aging; interaction techniques; menu design; older
users; Pen-based target acquisition",
}
@Article{Struve:2009:VMT,
author = "Doreen Struve and Hartmut Wandke",
title = "Video Modeling for Training Older Adults to Use New
Technologies",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = may,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1525840.1525844",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "The increasing permeation of technology in our society
leads to the challenge that everybody needs to interact
with technology systems. Older adults often meet
difficulties while trying to interact with complex,
demanding systems in their daily life. One approach to
enable older adults to use new technologies in a safe
and efficient way is the provision of training
programs. In this article we report about a promising
training strategy using video modeling in conjunction
with other instructional methods to enhance learning.
Cognitive as well as socio-motivational aspects will be
addressed. We assessed if guided error training in
video modeling will improve learning outcomes for a
Ticket Vending Machine (TVM). To investigate if the
training method might be beneficial for younger adults
as well, we compared 40 younger and 40 older adult
learners in a guided error training course with
error-free training. Younger and older participants
made fewer mistakes in guided error training, but no
differences occurred in task completion times.
Moreover, self-efficacy increased with training for
both age groups, but no significant differences were
found for the training condition. Analysis of knowledge
gains showed a significant benefit of guided error
training in structural knowledge. Overall, the results
showed that guided error training may enhance learning
for younger and older adults who are learning to use
technology.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
keywords = "guided error training; Instruction; older adults;
self-efficacy; technology use; video modeling",
}
@Article{Beach:2009:R,
author = "Scott Beach and ACM TACCESS Staff and Richard Schulz
and Julie Downs and Judith Matthews and Bruce Barron
and Katherine Seelman",
title = "2008 Reviewers",
journal = j-TACCESS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = may,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1525840.1540652",
ISSN = "1936-7228",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 1 18:10:43 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/",
abstract = "Technology aimed at enhancing function and enabling
independent living among older and disabled adults is a
growing field of research. Privacy concerns are a
potential barrier to adoption of such technology. Using
data from a national Web survey (n=1,518), we focus on
perceived acceptability of sharing information about
toileting, taking medications, moving about the home,
cognitive ability, driving behavior, and vital signs
with five targets: family, healthcare providers,
insurance companies, researchers, and government. We
also examine acceptability of recording the behaviors
using three methods: video with sound, video without
sound, and sensors. Results show that sharing or
recording information about toileting behavior; sharing
information with the government and insurance
companies; and recording the information using video
were least acceptable. Respondents who reported current
disability were significantly more accepting of sharing
and recording of information than nondisabled adults,
controlling for demographic variables, general
technology attitudes, and assistive device use. Results
for age were less consistent, although older
respondents tended to be more accepting than younger
respondents. The study provides empirical evidence from
a large national sample of the implicit trade-offs
between privacy and the potential for improved health
among older and disabled adults in quality of life
technology applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
keywords = "quality of life technology; User privacy preferences",
}