%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "1.11", %%% date = "01 October 2009", %%% time = "09:21:49 MDT", %%% filename = "tap.bib", %%% address = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148", %%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "32862 4475 21830 197314", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "ACM Transactions on Applied Perception; %%% bibliography; data processing; %%% human-computer interaction; psychology; %%% TAP; visual perception", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for %%% ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (CODEN %%% ????, ISSN 1544-3558), covering all journal %%% issues from 2004 -- date. %%% %%% At version 1.11, the COMPLETE journal %%% coverage looked like this: %%% %%% 2004 ( 9) 2006 ( 25) 2008 ( 22) %%% 2005 ( 51) 2007 ( 19) 2009 ( 31) %%% %%% Article: 157 %%% %%% Total entries: 157 %%% %%% The journal Web page can be found at: %%% %%% http://www.acm.org/pubs/tap.html %%% %%% The journal table of contents page is at: %%% %%% http://www.acm.org/tap/ %%% http://www.acm.org/tap/PastIssues.html %%% http://www.acm.org/tap/TitlesToAppear.html %%% http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J932 %%% %%% Qualified subscribers can retrieve the full %%% text of recent articles in PDF form. %%% %%% The initial draft was extracted from the ACM %%% Web pages. %%% %%% ACM copyrights explicitly permit abstracting %%% with credit, so article abstracts, keywords, %%% and subject classifications have been %%% included in this bibliography wherever %%% available. Article reviews have been %%% omitted, until their copyright status has %%% been clarified. %%% %%% bibsource keys in the bibliography entries %%% below indicate the entry originally came %%% from the computer science bibliography %%% archive, even though it has likely since %%% been corrected and updated. %%% %%% URL keys in the bibliography point to %%% World Wide Web locations of additional %%% information about the entry. %%% %%% BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen %%% as name:year:abbrev, where name is the %%% family name of the first author or editor, %%% year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a %%% 3-letter condensation of important title %%% words. Citation tags were automatically %%% generated by software developed for the %%% BibNet Project. %%% %%% In this bibliography, entries are sorted in %%% publication order, using ``bibsort -byvolume.'' %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility." %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-TAP = "ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Bibliography entries: @Article{Reinhard:2004:E, author = "Erik Reinhard and Heinrich B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "1--2", month = jul, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Ware:2004:MSR, author = "Colin Ware and Robert Bobrow", title = "Motion to support rapid interactive queries on node--link diagrams", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "3--18", month = jul, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Frowd:2004:EHE, author = "Charlie D. Frowd and Peter J. B. Hancock and Derek Carson", title = "{EvoFIT}: {A} holistic, evolutionary facial imaging technique for creating composites", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "19--39", month = jul, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Surakka:2004:GFN, author = "Veikko Surakka and Marko Illi and Poika Isokoski", title = "Gazing and frowning as a new human--computer interaction technique", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "40--56", month = jul, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Yu:2004:MLI, author = "Chen Yu and Dana H. Ballard", title = "A multimodal learning interface for grounding spoken language in sensory perceptions", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "57--80", month = jul, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Gugerty:2004:ESA, author = "Leo Gugerty and Richard A. Tyrrell and Thomas R. Aten and K. Andy Edmonds", title = "The effects of subpixel addressing on users' performance and preferences during reading-related tasks", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "81--101", month = oct, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Robles-De-La-Torre:2004:NEI, author = "G. Robles-De-La-Torre and R. Sekuler", title = "Numerically estimating internal models of dynamic virtual objects", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "102--117", month = oct, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Ottaviani:2004:APS, author = "Laura Ottaviani and Davide Rocchesso", title = "Auditory perception of {$3$D} size: Experiments with synthetic resonators", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "118--129", month = oct, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{McGookin:2004:UCE, author = "David K. McGookin and Stephen A. Brewster", title = "Understanding concurrent earcons: Applying auditory scene analysis principles to concurrent earcon recognition", journal = j-TAP, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "130--155", month = oct, year = "2004", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Shin:2005:VCA, author = "Do Hyoung Shin and Phillip S. Dunston and Xiangyu Wang", title = "View changes in augmented reality computer-aided-drawing", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "1--14", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Payandeh:2005:SLD, author = "Shahram Payandeh and John Dill and Jian Zhang", title = "A study of level-of-detail in haptic rendering", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "15--34", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Sahm:2005:TVW, author = "Cynthia S. Sahm and Sarah H. Creem-Regehr and William B. Thompson and Peter Willemsen", title = "Throwing versus walking as indicators of distance perception in similar real and virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "35--45", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Kikuuwe:2005:EHD, author = "Ryo Kikuuwe and Akihito Sano and Hiromi Mochiyama and Naoyuki Takesue and Hideo Fujimoto", title = "Enhancing haptic detection of surface undulation", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "46--67", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:58 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Harders:2005:ESI, author = "Matthias Harders and Marc Ernst", title = "{EuroHaptics} special issue editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "69--70", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Dinse:2005:IHH, author = "Hubert R. Dinse and Tobias Kalisch and Patrick Ragert and Burkhard Pleger and Peter Schwenkreis and Martin Tegenthoff", title = "Improving human haptic performance in normal and impaired human populations through unattended activation-based learning", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "71--88", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Choi:2005:FCE, author = "Seungmoon Choi and Laron Walker and Hong Z. Tan and Scott Crittenden and Ron Reifenberger", title = "Force constancy and its effect on haptic perception of virtual surfaces", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "89--105", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Erp:2005:WNV, author = "Jan B. F. Van Erp and Hendrik A. H. C. Van Veen and Chris Jansen and Trevor Dobbins", title = "Waypoint navigation with a vibrotactile waist belt", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "106--117", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Drewing:2005:FEN, author = "Knut Drewing and Michael Fritschi and Regine Zopf and Marc O. Ernst and Martin Buss", title = "First evaluation of a novel tactile display exerting shear force via lateral displacement", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "118--131", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Levesque:2005:DVB, author = "Vincent L{\'e}vesque and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Pasquero and Vincent Hayward and Maryse Legault", title = "Display of virtual {Braille} dots by lateral skin deformation: feasibility study", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "132--149", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1060581.1060587", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Webster:2005:NTD, author = "Robert J. Webster and III and Todd E. Murphy and Lawton N. Verner and Allison M. Okamura", title = "A novel two-dimensional tactile slip display: design, kinematics and perceptual experiments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "150--165", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Schmidt:2005:HNH, author = "Henning Schmidt and Stefan Hesse and Rolf Bernhardt and J{\"o}rg Kr{\"u}ger", title = "{HapticWalker}---a novel haptic foot device", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "166--180", month = apr, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rushmeier:2005:GE, author = "Holly Rushmeier", title = "Guest Editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "181--182", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Riecke:2005:VCC, author = "Bernhard E. Riecke and Markus Von Der Heyde and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Visual cues can be sufficient for triggering automatic, reflexlike spatial updating", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "183--215", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Plumert:2005:DPR, author = "Jodie M. Plumert and Joseph K. Kearney and James F. Cremer and Kara Recker", title = "Distance perception in real and virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "216--233", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Messing:2005:DPV, author = "Ross Messing and Frank H. Durgin", title = "Distance Perception and the Visual Horizon in Head-Mounted Displays", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "234--250", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Cunningham:2005:MVS, author = "Douglas W. Cunningham and Mario Kleiner and Christian Wallraven and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Manipulating Video Sequences to Determine the Components of Conversational Facial Expressions", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "251--269", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Cosker:2005:TPR, author = "Darren Cosker and David Marshall and Paul L. Rosin and Susan Paddock and Simon Rushton", title = "Toward Perceptually Realistic Talking Heads: Models, Methods, and {McGurk}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "270--285", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Howlett:2005:PES, author = "Sarah Howlett and John Hamill and Carol O'Sullivan", title = "Predicting and Evaluating Saliency for Simplified Polygonal Models", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "286--308", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{OSullivan:2005:CA, author = "Carol O'Sullivan", title = "Collisions and Attention", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "309--321", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Chang:2005:EBC, author = "Youngha Chang and Suguru Saito and Keiji Uchikawa and Masayuki Nakajima", title = "Example-Based Color Stylization of Images", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "322--345", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Fleming:2005:LLI, author = "Roland W. Fleming and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Low-Level Image Cues in the Perception of Translucent Materials", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "346--382", month = jul, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Kramer:2005:SSM, author = "Gregory Kramer and Bruce N. Walker", title = "Sound science: Marking ten international conferences on auditory display", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "383--388", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Barrass:2005:PFA, author = "Stephen Barrass", title = "A perceptual framework for the auditory display of scientific data", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "389--402", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Barrass:2005:CFA}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Barrass:2005:CFA, author = "Stephen Barrass", title = "A comprehensive framework for auditory display: Comments on {Barrass}, {ICAD 1994}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "403--406", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Barrass:2005:PFA}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Walker:2005:MMA, author = "Bruce N. Walker and Gregory Kramer", title = "Mappings and metaphors in auditory displays: An experimental assessment", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "407--412", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Walker:2005:SDM}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Walker:2005:SDM, author = "Bruce N. Walker and Gregory Kramer", title = "Sonification design and metaphors: Comments on {Walker} and {Kramer}, {ICAD 1996}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "413--417", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Walker:2005:MMA}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Shinn-Cunningham:2005:PPS, author = "Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham and Timothy Streeter and Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois Gyss", title = "Perceptual plasticity in spatial auditory displays", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "418--425", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Shinn-Cunningham:2005:SAD}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Shinn-Cunningham:2005:SAD, author = "Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham and Timothy Streeter", title = "Spatial auditory display: Comments on {Shinn-Cunningham} et al., {ICAD 2001}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "426--429", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Shinn-Cunningham:2005:PPS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Brungart:2005:OSC, author = "Douglas S. Brungart and Brian D. Simpson", title = "Optimizing the spatial configuration of a seven-talker speech display", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "430--436", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Brungart:2005:OVS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Brungart:2005:OVS, author = "Douglas S. Brungart and Brian D. Simpson", title = "Optimizing a virtual speech display: Comments on {Brungart} and {Simpson}, {ICAD 2003}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "437--441", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Brungart:2005:OSC}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Edwards:2005:PMS, author = "Alistair D. N. Edwards and Evangelos Mitsopoulos", title = "A principled methodology for the specification and design of nonvisual widgets", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "442--449", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Edwards:2005:PAD}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Edwards:2005:PAD, author = "Alistair D. N. Edwards and Evangelos Mitsopoulos", title = "Perceptual auditory design: Comments on {Edwards} and {Mitsopoulos}, {ICAD 1998}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "450--454", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Edwards:2005:PMS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Brewster:2005:DES, author = "Stephen A. Brewster and Catherine V. Clarke", title = "The design and evaluation of a sonically enhanced tool palette", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "455--461", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Brewster:2005:SEW}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Brewster:2005:SEW, author = "Stephen A. Brewster", title = "Sonically-enhanced widgets: Comments on {Brewster} and {Clarke}, {ICAD 1997}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "462--466", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Brewster:2005:DES}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Flowers:2005:DSD, author = "John H. Flowers and Dion C. Buhman and Kimberly D. Turnage", title = "Data sonification from the desktop: Should sound be part of standard data analysis software?", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "467--472", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Flowers:2005:DDS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Flowers:2005:DDS, author = "John H. Flowers and Kimberly D. Turnage and Dion C. Buhman", title = "Desktop data sonification: Comments on {Flowers} et al., {ICAD 1996}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "473--476", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Flowers:2005:DSD}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Vickers:2005:MPA, author = "Paul Vickers and James L. Alty", title = "Musical program auralization: Empirical studies", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "477--489", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Vickers:2005:PAA}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Vickers:2005:PAA, author = "Paul Vickers", title = "Program auralization: {Author}'s comments on {Vickers} and {Alty}, {ICAD 2000}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "490--494", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Vickers:2005:MPA}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Fernstrom:2005:ADM, author = "Mikael Fernstr{\"o}m and Caolan McNamara", title = "After direct manipulation---direct sonification", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "495--499", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Fernstrom:2005:RSB}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Fernstrom:2005:RSB, author = "Mikael Fernstr{\"o}m", title = "Reflections on sonic browsing: Comments on {Fernstr{\"o}m} and {McNamara}, {ICAD 1998}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "500--504", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Fernstrom:2005:ADM}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bonebright:2005:DCA, author = "Terri L. Bonebright and Nadine E. Miner and Timothy E. Goldsmith and Thomas P. Caudell", title = "Data collection and analysis techniques for evaluating the perceptual qualities of auditory stimuli", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "505--516", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Bonebright:2005:EAD}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bonebright:2005:EAD, author = "Terri L. Bonebright and Nadine E. Miner", title = "Evaluation of auditory displays: Comments on {Bonebright} et al., {ICAD 1998}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "517--520", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Bonebright:2005:DCA}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Miner:2005:UWS, author = "Nadine E. Miner and Thomas P. Caudell", title = "Using wavelets to synthesize stochastic-based sounds for immersive virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "521--528", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Miner:2005:ACM}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Miner:2005:ACM, author = "Nadine E. Miner and Victor E. Vergara Panaiotis and Thomas Preston Caudell", title = "Authors' comments on {Miner} and {Caudell}, {ICAD 1997}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "529--533", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Miner:2005:UWS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{vandenDoel:2005:PBM, author = "Kees van den Doel", title = "Physically based models for liquid sounds", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "534--546", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{vandenDoel:2005:PSC}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{vandenDoel:2005:PSC, author = "Kees van den Doel", title = "From physics to sound: Comments on {van den Doel}, {ICAD 2004}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "547--549", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{vandenDoel:2005:PBM}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Hermann:2005:CSH, author = "Thomas Hermann and Helge Ritter", title = "Crystallization sonification of high-dimensional datasets", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "550--558", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Hermann:2005:MBS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Hermann:2005:MBS, author = "Thomas Hermann and Helge Ritter", title = "Model-based sonification revisited---authors' comments on {Hermann} and {Ritter}, {ICAD 2002}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "559--563", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Hermann:2005:CSH}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Grohn:2005:CAV, author = "Matti Gr{\"o}hn and Tapio Lokki and Tapio Takala", title = "Comparison of auditory, visual, and audiovisual navigation in a {$3$D} space", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "564--570", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See comments \cite{Grohn:2005:ACG}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Grohn:2005:ACG, author = "Matti Gr{\"o}hn and Tapio Lokki and Tapio Takala", title = "Author's comments on {Gr{\"o}hn}, {Lokki}, and {Takala}, {ICAD 2003}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "571--573", month = oct, year = "2005", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 08:21:59 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", note = "See \cite{Grohn:2005:CAV}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Klatzky:2006:PRR, author = "Roberta L. Klatzky and Susan J. Lederman", title = "The perceived roughness of resistive virtual textures: {I}. {Rendering} by a force-feedback mouse", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "1--14", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Mar 14 07:36:58 MST 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lederman:2006:PRR, author = "Susan J. Lederman and Roberta L. Klatzky and Christine Tong and Cheryl Hamilton", title = "The perceived roughness of resistive virtual textures: {II}. Effects of varying viscosity with a force-feedback device", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "15--30", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Mar 14 07:36:58 MST 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Neumann:2006:IRP, author = "Dirk Neumann and Karl R. Gegenfurtner", title = "Image retrieval and perceptual similarity", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "31--47", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Mar 14 07:36:58 MST 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Niemenlehto:2006:DES, author = "Pekka-Henrik Niemenlehto and Martti Juhola and Veikko Surakka", title = "Detection of electromyographic signals from facial muscles with neural networks", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "48--61", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Mar 14 07:36:58 MST 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Zana:2006:FRB, author = "Yossi Zana and Roberto M. Cesar and Jr", title = "Face recognition based on polar frequency features", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "62--82", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Mar 14 07:36:58 MST 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Kelly:2006:SMS, author = "Jonathan W. Kelly and Andrew C. Beall and Jack M. Loomis and Roy S. Smith and Kristen L. Macuga", title = "Simultaneous measurement of steering performance and perceived heading on a curving path", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "83--94", month = apr, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Wed Aug 23 14:16:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Seuntiens:2006:PQC, author = "Pieter Seuntiens and Lydia Meesters and Wijnand Ijsselsteijn", title = "Perceived quality of compressed stereoscopic images: Effects of symmetric and asymmetric {JPEG} coding and camera separation", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "95--109", month = apr, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Wed Aug 23 14:16:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Marston:2006:ESD, author = "James R. Marston and Jack M. Loomis and Roberta L. Klatzky and Reginald G. Golledge and Ethan L. Smith", title = "Evaluation of spatial displays for navigation without sight", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "110--124", month = apr, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Wed Aug 23 14:16:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Barbagli:2006:HDF, author = "Federico Barbagli and Ken Salisbury and Cristy Ho and Charles Spence and Hong Z. Tan", title = "Haptic discrimination of force direction and the influence of visual information", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "125--135", month = apr, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Wed Aug 23 14:16:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Atkins:2006:AET, author = "M. Stella Atkins and Adrian Moise and Robert Rohling", title = "An application of eyegaze tracking for designing radiologists' workstations: Insights for comparative visual search tasks", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "136--151", month = apr, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Wed Aug 23 14:16:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Interrante:2006:GE, author = "Victoria Interrante", title = "Guest Editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "153--154", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lovell:2006:EMC, author = "P. George Lovell and C. Alejandro P{\'a}rraga and Tom Troscianko and Caterina Ripamonti and David J. Tolhurst", title = "Evaluation of a multiscale color model for visual difference prediction", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "155--178", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166089", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Langer:2006:PLM, author = "Michael S. Langer and Javeen Pereira and Dipinder Rekhi", title = "Perceptual limits on {$2$D} motion-field visualization", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "179--193", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166090", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Riecke:2006:CFC, author = "Bernhard E. Riecke and J{\"o}rg Schulte-Pelkum and Marios N. Avraamides and Markus Von Der Heyde and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Cognitive factors can influence self-motion perception (vection) in virtual reality", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "194--216", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166091", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{McNamara:2006:EVA, author = "Ann McNamara", title = "Exploring visual and automatic measures of perceptual fidelity in real and simulated imagery", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "217--238", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166092", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Cooke:2006:OFV, author = "Theresa Cooke and Sebastian Kannengiesser and Christian Wallraven and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Object feature validation using visual and haptic similarity ratings", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "239--261", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166093", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Weidenbacher:2006:SSS, author = "Ulrich Weidenbacher and Pierre Bayerl and Heiko Neumann and Roland Fleming", title = "Sketching shiny surfaces: {$3$D} shape extraction and depiction of specular surfaces", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "262--285", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166094", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Mantiuk:2006:PFC, author = "Rafal Mantiuk and Karol Myszkowski and Hans-Peter Seidel", title = "A perceptual framework for contrast processing of high dynamic range images", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "286--308", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166095", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Dixon:2006:MAF, author = "T. D. Dixon and E. F. Canga and J. M. Noyes and T. Troscianko and S. G. Nikolov and D. R. Bull and C. N. Canagarajah", title = "Methods for the assessment of fused images", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "309--332", month = jul, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166087.1166096", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Tue Oct 17 05:25:39 MDT 2006", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Schwaninger:2006:PPM, author = "Adrian Schwaninger and Julia Vogel and Franziska Hofer and Bernt Schiele", title = "A psychophysically plausible model for typicality ranking of natural scenes", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "333--353", month = oct, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:15 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Balas:2006:RBR, author = "Benjamin J. Balas and Pawan Sinha", title = "Region-based representations for face recognition", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "354--375", month = oct, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:15 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Holten:2006:PBS, author = "Danny Holten and Jarke J. Van Wijk and Jean-Bernard Martens", title = "A perceptually based spectral model for isotropic textures", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "376--398", month = oct, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:15 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Ashikhmin:2006:RCT, author = "Michael Ashikhmin and Jay Goyal", title = "A reality check for tone-mapping operators", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "399--411", month = oct, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:15 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Wilcox:2006:PSV, author = "Laurie M. Wilcox and Robert S. Allison and Samuel Elfassy and Cynthia Grelik", title = "Personal space in virtual reality", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "412--428", month = oct, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:15 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Devlin:2006:VCC, author = "Kate Devlin and Alan Chalmers and Erik Reinhard", title = "Visual calibration and correction for ambient illumination", journal = j-TAP, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "429--452", month = oct, year = "2006", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:15 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Apfelbaum:2007:HAT, author = "Henry Apfelbaum and Adar Pelah and Eli Peli", title = "Heading assessment by ``tunnel vision'' patients and control subjects standing or walking in a virtual reality environment", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "8", } @Article{Durgin:2007:SFP, author = "Frank H. Durgin and Catherine Reed and Cara Tigue", title = "Step frequency and perceived self-motion", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "5", } @Article{Fink:2007:OAD, author = "Philip W. Fink and Patrick S. Foo and William H. Warren", title = "Obstacle avoidance during walking in real and virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "2", } @Article{Fortenbaugh:2007:GDC, author = "Francesca C. Fortenbaugh and Sidhartha Chaudhury and John C. Hicks and Lei Hao and Kathleen A. Turano", title = "Gender differences in cue preference during path integration in virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "6", } @Article{Frenz:2007:ETD, author = "Harald Frenz and Markus Lappe and Marina Kolesnik and Thomas B{\"u}hrmann", title = "Estimation of travel distance from visual motion in virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "3", } @Article{Lichtenstein:2007:FCI, author = "Lee Lichtenstein and James Barabas and Russell L. Woods and Eli Peli", title = "A feedback-controlled interface for treadmill locomotion in virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "7", } @Article{Mohler:2007:CLR, author = "Betty J. Mohler and William B. Thompson and Sarah H. Creem-Regehr and Peter Willemsen and Herbert L. {Pick, Jr.} and John J. Rieser", title = "Calibration of locomotion resulting from visual motion in a treadmill-based virtual environment", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "4", } @Article{Pelah:2007:EWR, author = "Adar Pelah and Jan J. Koenderink", title = "Editorial: Walking in real and virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 10:50:16 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "1", } @Article{Kuang:2007:EHR, author = "Jiangtao Kuang and Hiroshi Yamaguchi and Changmeng Liu and Garrett M. Johnson and Mark D. Fairchild", title = "Evaluating {HDR} rendering algorithms", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "9:1--9:??", month = jul, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1265957.1265958", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:16:46 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "A series of three experiments has been performed to test both the preference and accuracy of high dynamic-range (HDR) rendering algorithms in digital photography application. The goal was to develop a methodology for testing a wide variety of previously published tone-mapping algorithms for overall preference and rendering accuracy. A number of algorithms were chosen and evaluated first in a paired-comparison experiment for overall image preference. A rating-scale experiment was then designed for further investigation of individual image attributes that make up overall image preference. This was designed to identify the correlations between image attributes and the overall preference results obtained from the first experiments. In a third experiment, three real-world scenes with a diversity of dynamic range and spatial configuration were designed and captured to evaluate seven HDR rendering algorithms for both of their preference and accuracy performance by comparing the appearance of the physical scenes and the corresponding tone-mapped images directly. In this series of experiments, a modified Durand and Dorsey's bilateral filter technique consistently performed well for both preference and accuracy, suggesting that it is a good candidate for a common algorithm that could be included in future HDR algorithm testing evaluations. The results of these experiments provide insight for understanding of perceptual HDR image rendering and should aid in design strategies for spatial processing and tone mapping. The results indicate ways to improve and design more robust rendering algorithms for general HDR scenes in the future. Moreover, the purpose of this research was not simply to find out the ``best'' algorithms, but rather to find a more general psychophysical experiment based methodology to evaluate HDR image-rendering algorithms. This paper provides an overview of the many issues involved in an experimental framework that can be used for these evaluations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "9", keywords = "High dynamic-range imaging; psychophysical experiments; tone-mapping algorithms evaluation", } @Article{Tan:2007:DIF, author = "Hong Z. Tan and Mandayam A. Srinivasan and Charlotte M. Reed and Nathaniel I. Durlach", title = "Discrimination and identification of finger joint-angle position using active motion", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "10:1--10:??", month = jul, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1265957.1265959", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:16:46 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The authors report six experiments on the human ability to discriminate and identify finger joint-angle positions using active motion. The PIP (proximal interphalangeal) joint of the index finger was examined in Exps. 1--3 and the MCP (metacarpophalangeal) joint in Exps. 4--6. In Exp. 1, the just noticeable difference (JND) of PIP joint-angle position was measured when the MCP joint was either fully extended or halfway bent. In Exp. 2, the JND of PIP joint-angle position as a function of PIP joint-angle reference position was measured when the PIP joint was almost fully extended, halfway bent, or almost fully flexed. In Exp. 3, the information transfer of PIP joint-angle position was estimated with the MCP joint in a fully extended position. In Exps. 4--6, the JND and the information transfer of MCP joint-angle position were studied with a similar experimental design. The results show that the JNDs of the PIP joint-angle position were roughly constant ($2.5^\circ$--$2.7^\circ$) independent of the PIP joint-angle reference position or the MCP joint-angle position used (Exps. 1 and 2). The JNDs of the MCP joint-angle position, however, increased with the flexion of both the PIP and MCP joints and ranged from $1.7^\circ$ to $2.7^\circ$ (Exps. 4 and 5). The information transfer of the PIP and MCP joint-angle position were similar, indicating 3--4 perfectly identifiable joint-angle positions for both joints (Exps. 3 and 6). The results provide the basic data needed for estimating, for example, the resolution of fingertip position during active free motion. They are compared to the results from previous studies on joint position, length, and thickness perception.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "10", keywords = "discrimination; haptic perception; identification; JND; Joint position; kinesthesis", } @Article{Sprague:2007:MEV, author = "Nathan Sprague and Dana Ballard and Al Robinson", title = "Modeling embodied visual behaviors", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "11:1--11:??", month = jul, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1265957.1265960", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:16:46 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "To make progess in understanding human visuomotor behavior, we will need to understand its basic components at an abstract level. One way to achieve such an understanding would be to create a model of a human that has a sufficient amount of complexity so as to be capable of generating such behaviors. Recent technological advances have been made that allow progress to be made in this direction. Graphics models that simulate extensive human capabilities can be used as platforms from which to develop synthetic models of visuomotor behavior. Currently, such models can capture only a small portion of a full behavioral repertoire, but for the behaviors that they do model, they can describe complete visuomotor subsystems at a useful level of detail. The value in doing so is that the body's elaborate visuomotor structures greatly simplify the specification of the abstract behaviors that guide them. The net result is that, essentially, one is faced with proposing an embodied ``operating system'' model for picking the right set of abstract behaviors at each instant. This paper outlines one such model. A centerpiece of the model uses vision to aid the behavior that has the most to gain from taking environmental measurements. Preliminary tests of the model against human performance in realistic VR environments show that main features of the model show up in human behavior.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "11", keywords = "reinforcement learning; visual attention; Visual routines", } @Article{Williams:2007:FSS, author = "Betsy Williams and Gayathri Narasimham and Claire Westerman and John Rieser and Bobby Bodenheimer", title = "Functional similarities in spatial representations between real and virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "12:1--12:??", month = jul, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1265957.1265961", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:16:46 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This paper presents results that demonstrate functional similarities in subjects' access to spatial knowledge (or spatial representation ) between real and virtual environments. Such representations are important components of the transfer of reasoning ability and knowledge between these two environments. In particular, we present two experiments aimed at investigating similarities in spatial knowledge derived from exploring on foot both physical environments and virtual environments presented through a head-mounted display. In the first experiment, subjects were asked to learn the locations of target objects in the real or virtual environment and then rotate the perspective by either physically locomoting to a new facing direction or imagining moving. The latencies and errors were generally worse after imagining locomoting and for greater degrees of rotation in perspective; they did not differ significantly across knowledge derived from exploring the physical versus virtual environments. In the second experiment, subjects were asked to imagine simple rotations versus simple translations in perspective. The errors and latencies indicated that the to-be-imagined disparity was linearly related after learning the physical and virtual environment. These results demonstrate functional similarities in access to knowledge of new perspective when it is learned by exploring physical environments and virtual renderings of the same environment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "12", keywords = "space perception; Virtual reality (VR)", } @Article{Ho:2007:DET, author = "Hsin-Ni Ho and Lynette A. Jones", title = "Development and evaluation of a thermal display for material identification and discrimination", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "13:1--13:??", month = jul, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1265957.1265962", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:16:46 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a thermal display that assists in object identification in virtual environments by simulating the thermal cues associated with making contact with materials with different thermal properties. The thermal display was developed based on a semi-infinite body model. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the display. The first experiment compared the ability of subjects' to identify various materials, which were presented physically or simulated with the thermal display. The second experiment examined the capacity of subjects to discriminate between a real and simulated material based on thermal cues. In the third experiment, the changes in skin temperature that occurred when making contact with real and simulated materials were measured to evaluate how these compare to theoretical predictions. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in material identification and discrimination when subjects were presented with real or simulated materials. The changes in skin temperature were comparable for real and simulated materials and were related to the contact coefficient of the material palpated, consistent with the semi-infinite body model. These findings suggest that a thermal display is capable of facilitating object recognition when visual cues are limited.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "13", keywords = "hand--object interaction; Haptic interface; material identification; semi-infinite body model; thermal display; thermal feedback; thermal perception; virtual environment", } @Article{Thompson:2007:GE, author = "William B. Thompson", title = "Guest Editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "14:1--14:??", month = nov, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278387.1278388", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:01 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "14", } @Article{Sundstedt:2007:PRP, author = "Veronica Sundstedt and Diego Gutierrez and Oscar Anson and Francesco Banterle and Alan Chalmers", title = "Perceptual rendering of participating media", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "15:1--15:??", month = nov, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278387.1278389", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:01 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "High-fidelity image synthesis is the process of computing images that are perceptually indistinguishable from the real world they are attempting to portray. Such a level of fidelity requires that the physical processes of materials and the behavior of light are accurately simulated. Most computer graphics algorithms assume that light passes freely between surfaces within an environment. However, in many applications, we also need to take into account how the light interacts with media, such as dust, smoke, fog, etc., between the surfaces. The computational requirements for calculating the interaction of light with such participating media are substantial. This process can take many hours and rendering effort is often spent on computing parts of the scene that may not be perceived by the viewer. In this paper, we present a novel perceptual strategy for physically based rendering of participating media. By using a combination of a saliency map with our new extinction map (X map), we can significantly reduce rendering times for inhomogeneous media. The visual quality of the resulting images is validated using two objective difference metrics and a subjective psychophysical experiment. Although the average pixel errors of these metric are all less than 1\%, the subjective validation indicates that the degradation in quality still is noticeable for certain scenes. We thus introduce and validate a novel light map (L map) that accounts for salient features caused by multiple light scattering around light sources.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "15", keywords = "attention; extinction map; light map; Participating media; perception; saliency map; selective rendering", } @Article{Wallraven:2007:ERW, author = "Christian Wallraven and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff and Douglas W. Cunningham and Jan Fischer and Dirk Bartz", title = "Evaluation of real-world and computer-generated stylized facial expressions", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "16:1--16:??", month = nov, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278387.1278390", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:01 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The goal of stylization is to provide an abstracted representation of an image that highlights specific types of visual information. Recent advances in computer graphics techniques have made it possible to render many varieties of stylized imagery efficiently making stylization into a useful technique, not only for artistic, but also for visualization applications. In this paper, we report results from two sets of experiments that aim at characterizing the perceptual impact and effectiveness of three different stylization techniques in the context of dynamic facial expressions. In the first set of experiments, animated facial expressions are stylized using three common techniques (brush, cartoon, and illustrative stylization) and investigated using different experimental measures. Going beyond the usual questionnaire approach, these experiments compare the techniques according to several criteria ranging from subjective preference to task-dependent measures (such as recognizability, intensity) allowing us to compare behavioral and introspective approaches. The second set of experiments use the same stylization techniques on real-world video sequences in order to compare the effect of stylization on natural and artificial stimuli. Our results shed light on how stylization of image contents affects the perception and subjective evaluation of both real and computer-generated facial expressions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "16", keywords = "avatar; Evaluation of facial animations; facial expressions; perceptually adaptive graphics; psychophysics; stylization", } @Article{Majumder:2007:PBC, author = "Aditi Majumder and Sandy Irani", title = "Perception-based contrast enhancement of images", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "17:1--17:??", month = nov, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278387.1278391", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:01 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Study of contrast sensitivity of the human eye shows that our suprathreshold contrast sensitivity follows the Weber Law and, hence, increases proportionally with the increase in the mean local luminance. In this paper, we effectively apply this fact to design a contrast-enhancement method for images that improves the local image contrast by controlling the local image gradient with a single parameter. Unlike previous methods, we achieve this without explicit segmentation of the image, either in the spatial (multiscale) or frequency (multiresolution) domain. We pose the contrast enhancement as an optimization problem that maximizes the average local contrast of an image strictly constrained by a perceptual constraint derived directly from the Weber Law. We then propose a greedy heuristic, controlled by a single parameter, to approximate this optimization problem.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "17", keywords = "contrast enhancement; contrast sensitivity; Human perception", } @Article{Seward:2007:UVE, author = "A. Elizabeth Seward and Daniel H. Ashmead and Bobby Bodenheimer", title = "Using virtual environments to assess time-to-contact judgments from pedestrian viewpoints", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "18:1--18:??", month = nov, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278387.1278392", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:01 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This paper describes the use of desktop and immersive virtual environments to study judgments that pedestrians make when deciding to cross a street. In particular, we assess the ability of people to discriminate and estimate time-to-contact (TTC) for approaching vehicles under a variety of conditions. Four experiments observing TTC judgments under various conditions are described. We examine the effect of type of vehicle, viewpoint, presentation mode, and TTC value on TTC judgments. We find no significant effect of type of vehicle or of viewpoint, extending prior work to cover all views typically encountered by pedestrians. Discrimination of short values for TTC judgments is generally consistent with the literature, but performance degrades significantly for long TTC values. Finally, we find no significant difference between judgments made in a desktop environment versus a head-mounted display, indicating that tracking the approaching vehicle with one's head does not aid discrimination. In general, people appear to use strategies similar to those that pedestrians use to make real-world, street-crossing decisions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "18", keywords = "time-to-contact (TTC); Virtual reality (VR)", } @Article{Vogel:2007:CNS, author = "Julia Vogel and Adrian Schwaninger and Christian Wallraven and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Categorization of natural scenes: Local versus global information and the role of color", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "19:1--19:??", month = nov, year = "2007", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278387.1278393", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:01 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Categorization of scenes is a fundamental process of human vision that allows us to efficiently and rapidly analyze our surroundings. Several studies have explored the processes underlying human scene categorization, but they have focused on processing global image information. In this study, we present both psychophysical and computational experiments that investigate the role of local versus global image information in scene categorization. In a first set of human experiments, categorization performance is tested when only local or only global image information is present. Our results suggest that humans rely on local, region-based information as much as on global, configural information. In addition, humans seem to integrate both types of information for intact scene categorization. In a set of computational experiments, human performance is compared to two state-of-the-art computer vision approaches that have been shown to be psychophysically plausible and that model either local or global information. In addition to the influence of local versus global information, in a second series of experiments, we investigated the effect of color on the categorization performance of both the human observers and the computational model. Analysis of the human data suggests that color is an additional channel of perceptual information that leads to higher categorization results at the expense of increased reaction times in the intact condition. However, it does not affect reaction times when only local information is present. When color is removed, the employed computational model follows the relative performance decrease of human observers for each scene category and can thus be seen as a perceptually plausible model for human scene categorization based on local image information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "19", keywords = "computational gist; computational modeling; global configural information; local region-based information; scene classification; Scene perception; semantic modeling", } @Article{Akyuz:2008:PET, author = "Ahmet O{\u{g}}uz Aky{\"u}z and Erik Reinhard", title = "Perceptual evaluation of tone-reproduction operators using the Cornsweet--Craik--{O}'Brien illusion", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "1:1--1:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278760.1278761", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:12 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "High dynamic-range images cannot be directly displayed on conventional display devices, but have to be tone-mapped first. For this purpose, a large set of tone-reproduction operators is currently available. However, it is unclear which operator is most suitable for any given task. In addition, different tasks may place different requirements upon each operator. In this paper we evaluate several tone-reproduction operators using a paradigm that does not require the construction of a real high dynamic-range scene, nor does it require the availability of a high dynamic-range display device. The user study involves a task that relates to the evaluation of contrast, which is an important attribute that needs to be preserved under tone reproduction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "1", keywords = "dynamic-range compression; high dynamic-range imaging; Tone-mapping operators; visual psychophysics", } @Article{Radun:2008:CQI, author = "Jenni Radun and Tuomas Leisti and Jukka H{\"a}kkinen and Harri Ojanen and Jean-Luc Olives and Tero Vuori and G{\"o}te Nyman", title = "Content and quality: Interpretation-based estimation of image quality", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "2:1--2:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278760.1278762", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:12 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Test image contents affect subjective image-quality evaluations. Psychometric methods might show that contents have an influence on image quality, but they do not tell what this influence is like, i.e., how the contents influence image quality. To obtain a holistic description of subjective image quality, we have used an interpretation-based quality (IBQ) estimation approach, which combines qualitative and quantitative methodology. The method enables simultaneous examination of psychometric results and the subjective meanings related to the perceived image-quality changes. In this way, the relationship between subjective feature detection, subjective preferences, and interpretations are revealed. We report a study that shows that different impressions are conveyed in five test image contents after similar sharpness variations. Thirty na{\"\i}ve observers classified and freely described the images after which magnitude estimation was used to verify that they distinguished the changes in the images. The data suggest that in the case of high image quality, the test image selection is crucial. If subjective evaluation is limited only to technical defects in test images, important subjective information of image-quality experience is lost. The approach described here can be used to examine image quality and it will help image scientists to evaluate their test images.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "2", keywords = "image contents; Image quality; qualitative methodology; subjective measurement", } @Article{denBerg:2008:PDI, author = "Ronald Van den Berg and Frans W. Cornelissen and Jos B. T. M. Roerdink", title = "Perceptual dependencies in information visualization assessed by complex visual search", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "3:1--3:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278760.1278763", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:12 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "A common approach for visualizing data sets is to map them to images in which distinct data dimensions are mapped to distinct visual features, such as color, size and orientation. Here, we consider visualizations in which different data dimensions should receive equal weight and attention. Many of the end-user tasks performed on these images involve a form of visual search. Often, it is simply assumed that features can be judged independently of each other in such tasks. However, there is evidence for perceptual dependencies when simultaneously presenting multiple features. Such dependencies could potentially affect information visualizations that contain combinations of features for encoding information and, thereby, bias subjects into unequally weighting the relevance of different data dimensions. We experimentally assess (1) the presence of judgment dependencies in a visualization task (searching for a target node in a node-link diagram) and (2) how feature contrast relates to salience. From a visualization point of view, our most relevant findings are that (a) to equalize saliency (and thus bottom-up weighting) of size and color, color contrasts have to become very low. Moreover, orientation is less suitable for representing information that consists of a large range of data values, because it does not show a clear relationship between contrast and salience; (b) color and size are features that can be used independently to represent information, at least as far as the range of colors that were used in our study are concerned; (c) the concept of (static) feature salience hierarchies is wrong; how salient a feature is compared to another is not fixed, but a function of feature contrasts; (d) final decisions appear to be as good an indicator of perceptual performance as indicators based on measures obtained from individual fixations. Eye tracking, therefore, does not necessarily present a benefit for user studies that aim at evaluating performance in search tasks.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "3", keywords = "Color; feature hierarchy; feature interaction; human vision; information visualization; node-link diagrams; orientation; perceptual dependencies; psychophysics; visual features; visual search", } @Article{Wallraven:2008:EPR, author = "Christian Wallraven and Martin Breidt and Douglas W. Cunningham and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Evaluating the perceptual realism of animated facial expressions", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "4:1--4:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278760.1278764", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:12 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The human face is capable of producing an astonishing variety of expressions---expressions for which sometimes the smallest difference changes the perceived meaning considerably. Producing realistic-looking facial animations that are able to transmit this degree of complexity continues to be a challenging research topic in computer graphics. One important question that remains to be answered is: When are facial animations good enough? Here we present an integrated framework in which psychophysical experiments are used in a first step to systematically evaluate the perceptual quality of several different computer-generated animations with respect to real-world video sequences. The first experiment provides an evaluation of several animation techniques, exposing specific animation parameters that are important to achieve perceptual fidelity. In a second experiment, we then use these benchmarked animation techniques in the context of perceptual research in order to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of expressions. A third and final experiment uses the quality measures that were developed in the first two experiments to examine the perceptual impact of changing facial features to improve the animation techniques. Using such an integrated approach, we are able to provide important insights into facial expressions for both the perceptual and computer graphics community.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "4", keywords = "3D-scanning; avatar; evaluation of facial animations; perceptually adaptive graphics; psychophysics; recognition", } @Article{Jagnow:2008:EMA, author = "Robert Jagnow and Julie Dorsey and Holly Rushmeier", title = "Evaluation of methods for approximating shapes used to synthesize {$3$D} solid textures", journal = j-TAP, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "5:1--5:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1278760.1278765", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:12 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In modern computer graphics applications, textures play an important role in conveying the appearance of real-world materials. But while surface appearance can often be effectively captured with a photograph, it is difficult to use example imagery to synthesize fully three-dimensional (3D) solid textures that are perceptually similar to their inputs. Specifically, this research focuses on human perception of 3D solid textures composed of aggregate particles in a binding matrix. Holding constant an established algorithm for approximating particle distributions, we examine the problem of estimating particle shape. We consider four methods for approximating plausible particle shapes---including two methods of our own contribution. We compare the performance of these methods under a variety of input conditions using automated, perceptually motivated metrics, as well as a psychophysical experiment. In the course of assessing the relative performance of the four algorithms, we also evaluate the reliability of the automated metrics in predicting the results of the experiment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "5", keywords = "Shape estimation; shape perception; solid textures; texture synthesis; volumetric textures", } @Article{Klatzky:2008:EAR, author = "Roberta L. Klatzky and Bing Wu and Damion Shelton and George Stetten", title = "Effectiveness of augmented-reality visualization versus cognitive mediation for learning actions in near space", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "1:1--1:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279640.1279641", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:20 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The present study examined the impact of augmented-reality visualization, in comparison to conventional ultrasound (CUS), on the learning of ultrasound-guided needle insertion. Whereas CUS requires cognitive processes for localizing targets, our augmented-reality device, called the ``sonic flashlight'' (SF) enables direct perceptual guidance. Participants guided a needle to an ultrasound-localized target within opaque fluid. In three experiments, the SF showed higher accuracy and lower variability in aiming and endpoint placements than did CUS. The SF, but not CUS, readily transferred to new targets and starting points for action. These effects were evident in visually guided action (needle and target continuously visible) and visually directed action (target alone visible). The results have application to learning to visualize surgical targets through ultrasound.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "1", keywords = "augmented reality; learning; motor control; Perception; spatial cognition", } @Article{Ware:2008:VGT, author = "Colin Ware and Peter Mitchell", title = "Visualizing graphs in three dimensions", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "2:1--2:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279640.1279642", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:20 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "It has been known for some time that larger graphs can be interpreted if laid out in 3D and displayed with stereo and/or motion depth cues to support spatial perception. However, prior studies were carried out using displays that provided a level of detail far short of what the human visual system is capable of resolving. Therefore, we undertook a graph comprehension study using a very high resolution stereoscopic display. In our first experiment, we examined the effect of stereoscopic display, kinetic depth, and using 3D tubes versus lines to display the links. The results showed a much greater benefit for 3D viewing than previous studies. For example, with both motion and stereoscopic depth cues, unskilled observers could see paths between nodes in 333 node graphs with less than a 10\% error rate. Skilled observers could see up to a 1000-node graph with less than a 10\% error rate. This represented an order of magnitude increase over 2D display. In our second experiment, we varied both nodes and links to understand the constraints on the number of links and the size of graph that can be reliably traced. We found the difference between number of links and number of nodes to best account for error rates and suggest that this is evidence for a ``perceptual phase transition.'' These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for information display.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "2", keywords = "graph visualization; network visualization; stereoscopic displays; Visualization", } @Article{Elhelw:2008:GBS, author = "Mohamed Elhelw and Marios Nicolaou and Adrian Chung and Guang-Zhong Yang and M. Stella Atkins", title = "A gaze-based study for investigating the perception of visual realism in simulated scenes", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "3:1--3:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279640.1279643", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:20 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Visual realism has been a major objective of computer graphics since the inception of the field. However, the perception of visual realism is not a well-understood process and is usually attributed to a combination of visual cues and image features that are difficult to define or measure. For highly complex images, the problem is even more involved. The purpose of this paper is to present a study based on eye tracking for investigating the perception of visual realism of static images with different visual qualities. The eye-fixation clusters helped to define salient image features corresponding to 3D surface details and light transfer properties that attract observers' attention. This enabled the definition and categorization of image attributes affecting the perception of photorealism. The dynamics of the visual behavior of different observer groups were examined by analyzing saccadic eye movements. We also demonstrated how the different image categories used in the experiments were perceived with varying degrees of visual realism. The results presented can be used as a basis for investigating the impact of individual image features on the perception of visual realism. This study suggests that post-recall or simple abstraction of visual experience is not accurate and the use of eye tracking provides an effective way of determining relevant features that affect visual realism, thus allowing for improved rendering techniques that target these features.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "3", keywords = "eye tracking; human--computer interaction; photorealistic rendering; simulation environment; Visual perception; visual realism", } @Article{Palmer:2008:EAT, author = "Evan M. Palmer and Timothy C. Clausner and Philip J. Kellman", title = "Enhancing air traffic displays via perceptual cues", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "4:1--4:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279640.1279644", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:20 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "We examined graphical representations of aircraft altitude in simulated air traffic control (ATC) displays. In two experiments, size and contrast cues correlated with altitude improved participants' ability to detect future aircraft collisions (conflicts). Experiment 1 demonstrated that, across several set sizes, contrast and size cues to altitude improved accuracy at identifying conflicts. Experiment 2 demonstrated that graphical cues for representing altitude both improved accuracy and reduced search time for finding conflicts in large set size displays. The addition of size and contrast cues to ATC displays may offer specific benefits in aircraft conflict detection.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "4", keywords = "air traffic control; applied cognitive science; Human--computer interaction; visualization", } @Article{Watters:2008:VDL, author = "Paul Watters and Frances Martin and H. Steffen Stripf", title = "Visual detection of {LSB}-encoded natural image steganography", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "5:1--5:??", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279640.1328775", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:20 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Many steganographic systems embed hidden messages inside the least significant bit layers of colour natural images. The presence of these messages can be difficult to detect by using statistical steganalysis. However, visual steganalysis by humans may be more successful in natural image discrimination. This study examined whether humans could detect least-significant bit steganography in 15 color natural images from the VisTex database using a controlled same/different task ($N = 58$) and a yes/no task ($N = 61$). While $d \prime > 1$ was observed for color layers 4--8, layers 1--3 had $d \prime < 1$ in both experiments. Thus, layers 1--3 appear to be highly resistant to visual steganalysis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "5", keywords = "counterterrorism; Steganography", } @Article{Reinhard:2008:E, author = "Erik Reinhard and Heinrich B{\"u}lthoff", title = "Editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "6:1--6:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279920.1361703", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:31 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "6", } @Article{Wang:2008:TSP, author = "Qi Wang and Vincent Hayward", title = "Tactile synthesis and perceptual inverse problems seen from the viewpoint of contact mechanics", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "7:1--7:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279920.1279921", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:31 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "A contact-mechanics analysis was used to explain a tactile illusion engendered by straining the fingertip skin tangentially in a progressive wave pattern resulting in the perception of a moving undulating surface. We derived the strain tensor field induced by a sinusoidal surface sliding on a finger as well as the field created by a tactile transducer array deforming the fingerpad skin by lateral traction. We found that the first field could be well approximated by the second. Our results have several implications. First, tactile displays using lateral skin deformation can generate tactile sensations similar to those using normal skin deformation. Second, a synthesis approach can achieve this result if some constraints on the design of tactile stimulators are met. Third, the mechanoreceptors embedded in the skin must respond to the deviatoric part of the strain tensor field and not to its volumetric part. Finally, many tactile stimuli might represent, for the brain, an inverse problem to be solved, such specific examples of ``tactile metameres'' are given.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "7", keywords = "computational tactile perception; contact mechanics; Haptics; Lateral skin deformation; Tactile sensing; Tactile synthesis; tactile transducers arrays", } @Article{Jay:2008:UHC, author = "Caroline Jay and Robert Stevens and Roger Hubbold and Mashhuda Glencross", title = "Using haptic cues to aid nonvisual structure recognition", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "8:1--8:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279920.1279922", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:31 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Retrieving information presented visually is difficult for visually disabled users. Current accessibility technologies, such as screen readers, fail to convey presentational layout or structure. Information presented in graphs or images is almost impossible to convey through speech alone. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study investigating the role of touch (haptic) and auditory cues in aiding structure recognition when visual presentation is missing. We hypothesize that by guiding users toward nodes in a graph structure using force fields, users will find it easier to recognize overall structure. Nine participants were asked to explore simple 3D structures containing nodes (spheres or cubes) laid out in various spatial configurations and asked to identify the nodes and draw their overall structure. Various combinations of haptic and auditory feedback were explored. Our results demonstrate that haptic cues significantly helped participants to quickly recognize nodes and structure. Surprisingly, auditory cues alone did not speed up node recognition; however, when they were combined with haptics both node identification and structure recognition significantly improved. This result demonstrates that haptic feedback plays an important role in enabling people to recall spatial layout.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "8", keywords = "accessibility; haptic perception; Multimodal cues; visual disability", } @Article{Peters:2008:ACT, author = "Robert J. Peters and Laurent Itti", title = "Applying computational tools to predict gaze direction in interactive visual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "9:1--9:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279920.1279923", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:31 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Future interactive virtual environments will be ``attention-aware,'' capable of predicting, reacting to, and ultimately influencing the visual attention of their human operators. Before such environments can be realized, it is necessary to operationalize our understanding of the relevant aspects of visual perception, in the form of fully automated computational heuristics that can efficiently identify locations that would attract human gaze in complex dynamic environments. One promising approach to designing such heuristics draws on ideas from computational neuroscience. We compared several neurobiologically inspired heuristics with eye-movement recordings from five observers playing video games, and found that human gaze was better predicted by heuristics that detect outliers from the global distribution of visual features than by purely local heuristics. Heuristics sensitive to dynamic events performed best overall. Further, heuristic prediction power differed more between games than between different human observers. While other factors clearly also influence eye position, our findings suggest that simple neurally inspired algorithmic methods can account for a significant portion of human gaze behavior in a naturalistic, interactive setting. These algorithms may be useful in the implementation of interactive virtual environments, both to predict the cognitive state of human operators, as well as to effectively endow virtual agents in the system with humanlike visual behavior.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "9", keywords = "Active vision; computational modeling; eye-movements; immersive environments; video games; visual attention", } @Article{Tarr:2008:IFA, author = "Michael J. Tarr and Athinodoros S. Georghiades and Cullen D. Jackson", title = "Identifying faces across variations in lighting: Psychophysics and computation", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "10:1--10:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279920.1279924", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:31 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Humans have the ability to identify objects under varying lighting conditions with extraordinary accuracy. We investigated the behavioral aspects of this ability and compared it to the performance of the illumination cones (IC) model of Belhumeur and Kriegman [1998]. In five experiments, observers learned 10 faces under a small subset of illumination directions. We then tested observers' recognition ability under different illuminations. Across all experiments, recognition performance was found to be dependent on the distance between the trained and tested illumination directions. This effect was modulated by the nature of the trained illumination directions. Generalizations from frontal illuminations were different than generalizations from extreme illuminations. Similarly, the IC model was also sensitive to whether the trained images were near-frontal or extreme. Thus, we find that the nature of the images in the training set affects the accuracy of an object's representation under variable lighting for both humans and the model. Beyond this general correspondence, the microstructure of the generalization patterns for both humans and the IC model were remarkably similar, suggesting that the two systems may employ related algorithms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "10", keywords = "face recognition; human psychophysics; Illumination invariance; image-based models; object recognition", } @Article{Bicego:2008:DFC, author = "Manuele Bicego and Enrico Grosso and Andrea Lagorio and Gavin Brelstaff and Linda Brodo and Massimo Tistarelli", title = "Distinctiveness of faces: {A} computational approach", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "11:1--11:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279920.1279925", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:31 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This paper develops and demonstrates an original approach to face-image analysis based on identifying distinctive areas of each individual's face by its comparison to others in the population. The method differs from most others---that we refer as unary ---where salient regions are defined by analyzing only images of the same individual. We extract a set of multiscale patches from each face image before projecting them into a common feature space. The degree of ``distinctiveness'' of any patch depends on its distance in feature space from patches mapped from other individuals. First a pairwise analysis is developed and then a simple generalization to the multiple-face case is proposed. A perceptual experiment, involving 45 observers, indicates the method to be fairly compatible with how humans mark faces as distinct. A quantitative example of face authentication is also performed in order to show the essential role played by the distinctive information. A comparative analysis shows that performance of our n-ary approach is as good as several contemporary unary, or binary, methods, while tapping a complementary source of information. Furthermore, we show it can also provide a useful degree of illumination invariance.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "11", keywords = "face authentication; illumination changes; log-polar representation", } @Article{Grave:2008:TMO, author = "Justine Grave and Roland Bremond", title = "A tone-mapping operator for road visibility experiments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "12:1--12:??", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1279920.1361704", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 14:17:31 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "One may wish to use computer graphic images to carry out road visibility studies. Unfortunately, most display devices still have a limited luminance dynamic range, especially in driving simulators. In this paper, we propose a tone-mapping operator (TMO) to compress the luminance dynamic range while preserving the driver's performance for a visual task relevant for a driving situation. We address three display issues of some consequences for road image display: luminance dynamics, image quantization, and high minimum displayable luminance. Our TMO characterizes the effects of local adaptation with a bandpass decomposition of the image using a Laplacian pyramid, and processes the levels separately in order to mimic the human visual system. The contrast perception model uses the visibility level, a usual index in road visibility engineering applications. To assess our algorithm, a psychophysical experiment devoted to a target detection task was designed. Using a Landolt ring, the visual performances of 30 observers were measured: they stared first at a high-dynamic range image and then at the same image processed by a TMO and displayed on a low-dynamic range monitor, for comparison. The evaluation was completed with a visual appearance evaluation. Our operator gives good performances for three typical road situations (one in daylight and two at night), after comparison with four standard TMOs from the literature. The psychovisual assessment of our TMO is limited to these driving situations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "12", keywords = "HDR images; psychophysics; road visibility; visual performance", } @Article{Nees:2008:DDT, author = "Michael A. Nees and Bruce N. Walker", title = "Data density and trend reversals in auditory graphs: Effects on point-estimation and trend-identification tasks", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "13:1--13:??", month = aug, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1402236.1402237", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Sep 15 19:02:24 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Auditory graphs --- displays that represent quantitative information with sound --- have the potential to make data (and therefore science) more accessible for diverse user populations. No research to date, however, has systematically addressed the attributes of data that contribute to the complexity (the ease or difficulty of comprehension) of auditory graphs. A pair of studies examined the role of data density (i.e., the number of discrete data points presented per second) and the number of trend reversals for both point-estimation and trend-identification tasks with auditory graphs. For the point-estimation task, more trend reversals led to performance decrements. For the trend-identification task, a large main effect was again observed for trend reversals, but an interaction suggested that the effect of the number of trend reversals was different across lower data densities (i.e., as density increased from 1 to 2 data points per second). Results are discussed in terms of data sonification applications and rhythmic theories of auditory pattern perception.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "13", keywords = "auditory display; Auditory graphs; sonification", } @Article{Lecuyer:2008:SMS, author = "Anatole L{\'e}cuyer and Jean-Marie Burkhardt and Chee-Hian Tan", title = "A study of the modification of the speed and size of the cursor for simulating pseudo-haptic bumps and holes", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "14:1--14:??", month = aug, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1402236.1402238", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Sep 15 19:02:24 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In previous work on so-called pseudo-haptic textures, we investigated the possibility of simulating sensations of texture without haptic devices by using the sole manipulation of the speed of a mouse cursor (a technique called speed technique). In this paper, we describe another technique (called Size technique) to enhance the speed technique and simulate texture sensations by varying the size of the cursor according to the local height of the texture displayed on the computer screen. With the size technique, the user would see an increase (decrease) in cursor size corresponding to a positive (negative) slope of the texture. We have conducted a series of experiments to study and compare the use of both the size and speed technique for simulating simple shapes like bumps and holes. In Experiment 1, our results showed that participants could successfully identify bumps and holes using the size technique alone. Performances obtained with the size technique reached a similar level of accuracy as found previously with the speed technique alone. In Experiment 2, we determined a point of subjective equality between bumps simulated by each technique separately, which suggests that the two techniques provide information that can be perceptually equivalent. In Experiment 3, using paradoxical situations of conflict between the two techniques, we have found that participants' answers were more influenced by the size technique, suggesting a dominance of the size over the speed technique. Furthermore, we have found a mutual reinforcement of the techniques, i.e., when the two techniques were consistently combined, the participants were more efficient in identifying the simulated shapes. In Experiment 4, we further observed the complex interactions between the information associated with the two techniques in the perception and in the decision process related to the accurate identification of bumps and holes. Taken together, our results promote the use of both techniques for the low-cost simulation of texture sensations in applications, such as videogames, internet, and graphical user interfaces.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "14", keywords = "bump; control/display ratio; cursor; hole; Pseudo-haptic; size; speed; texture", } @Article{Amemiya:2008:LMI, author = "Tomohiro Amemiya and Hideyuki Ando and Taro Maeda", title = "Lead-me interface for a pulling sensation from hand-held devices", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "15:1--15:??", month = aug, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1402236.1402239", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Sep 15 19:02:24 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "When a small mass in a hand-held device oscillates along a single axis with asymmetric acceleration (strongly peaked in one direction and diffuse in the other), the holder typically experiences a kinesthetic illusion characterized by the sensation of being continuously pushed or pulled by the device. This effect was investigated because of its potential application to a hand-held, nongrounded, haptic device that can convey a sense of a continuous translational force in one direction, which is a key missing piece in haptic research. A 1 degree-of-freedom (DOF) haptic device based on a crank-slider mechanism was constructed. The device converts the constant rotation of an electric motor into the constrained movement of a small mass with asymmetric acceleration. The frequency that maximizes the perceived movement offered by the haptic device was investigated. Tests using three subjects showed that for the prototype, the best frequencies were 5 and 10 cycles per second.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "15", keywords = "Haptic perception; interface using illusionary sensation; mobile device", } @Article{Fontana:2008:ADP, author = "Federico Fontana and Davide Rocchesso", title = "Auditory distance perception in an acoustic pipe", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "16:1--16:??", month = aug, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1402236.1402240", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Sep 15 19:02:24 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In a study of auditory distance perception, we investigated the effects of exaggeration the acoustic cue of reverberation where the intensity of sound did not vary noticeably. The set of stimuli was obtained by moving a sound source inside a 10.2-m long pipe having a 0.3-m diameter. Twelve subjects were asked to listen to a speech sound while keeping their head inside the pipe and then to estimate the egocentric distance from the sound source using a magnitude production procedure. The procedure was repeated eighteen times using six different positions of the sound source. Results show that the point at which perceived distance equals physical distance is located approximately 3.5 m away from the listening point, with an average range of distance estimates of approximately 3.3 m, i.e., 1.65 to 4.9 m. The absence of intensity cues makes the acoustic pipe a potentially interesting modeling paradigm for the design of auditory interfaces in which distance is rendered independently of loudness. The proposed acoustic environment also confirms the known unreliability of certain distance cues.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "16", keywords = "Acoustic pipe; auditory display; distance perception", } @Article{Kuhl:2008:RRL, author = "Scott A. Kuhl and Sarah H. Creem-Regehr and William B. Thompson", title = "Recalibration of rotational locomotion in immersive virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "17:1--17:??", month = aug, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1402236.1402241", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Sep 15 19:02:24 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "This work uses an immersive virtual environment (IVE) to examine how people maintain a calibration between biomechanical and visual information for rotational self-motion. First, we show that no rotational recalibration occurs when visual and biomechanical rates of rotation are matched. Next, we demonstrate that mismatched physical and visual rotation rates cause rotational recalibration. Although previous work has shown that rotational locomotion can be recalibrated in real environments, this work extends the finding to virtual environments. We further show that people do not completely recalibrate left and right rotations independently when different visual--biomechanical discrepancies are used for left and right rotations during a recalibration phase. Finally, since the majority of participants did not notice mismatched physical and visual rotation rates, we discuss the implications of using such mismatches to enable IVE users to explore a virtual space larger than the physical space they are in.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "17", keywords = "Perception; recalibration; rotation; virtual environments", } @Article{Fleming:2009:GES, author = "Roland Fleming and Michael Langer", title = "Guest editorial: Special issue on {Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization (APGV07)}", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "18:1--18:??", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1462048.1462049", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:38:02 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "18", } @Article{Morvan:2009:PAT, author = "Yann Morvan and Carol O'sullivan", title = "A perceptual approach to trimming and tuning unstructured lumigraphs", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "19:1--19:??", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1462048.1462050", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:38:02 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "We present a novel perceptual method to reduce the visual redundancy of unstructured lumigraphs, an image based representation designed for interactive rendering. We combine features of the unstructured lumigraph algorithm and image fidelity metrics to efficiently rank the perceptual impact of the removal of subregions of input views ({\em subviews\/}). We use a greedy approach to estimate the order in which subviews should be pruned to minimize perceptual degradation at each step. Renderings using varying numbers of subviews can then be easily visualized with confidence that the retained subviews are well chosen, thus facilitating the choice of how many to retain. The regions of the input views that are left are repacked into a texture atlas. Our method takes advantage of any scene geometry information available but only requires a very coarse approximation. We perform a user study to validate its behaviour, as well as investigate the impact of the choice of image fidelity metric as well as that of user parameters. The three metrics considered fall in the physical, statistical and perceptual categories. The overall benefit of our method is the semiautomation of the view selection process, resulting in unstructured lumigraphs that are thriftier in texture memory use and faster to render. Using the same framework, we adjust the parameters of the unstructured lumigraph algorithm to optimise it on a scene by scene basis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "19", keywords = "Image-based rendering; perceptual metrics", } @Article{McDonnell:2009:EEM, author = "Rachel McDonnell and Sophie J{\"o}rg and Jessica K. Hodgins and Fiona Newell and Carol O'sullivan", title = "Evaluating the effect of motion and body shape on the perceived sex of virtual characters", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "20:1--20:??", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1462048.1462051", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:38:02 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In this paper, our aim is to determine factors that influence the perceived sex of virtual characters. In Experiment 1, four different model types were used: highly realistic male and female models, an androgynous character, and a point light walker. Three different types of motion were applied to all models: motion captured male and female walks, and neutral synthetic walks. We found that both form and motion influence sex perception for these characters: for neutral synthetic motions, form determines perceived sex, whereas natural motion affects the perceived sex of both androgynous and realistic forms. These results indicate that the use of neutral walks is better than creating ambiguity by assigning an incongruent motion. In Experiment 2 we investigated further the influence of body shape and motion on realistic male and female models and found that adding stereotypical indicators of sex to the body shapes influenced sex perception. Also, that exaggerated female body shapes influences sex judgements more than exaggerated male shapes. These results have implications for variety and realism when simulating large crowds of virtual characters.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "20", keywords = "graphics; motion capture; Perception", } @Article{Lavoue:2009:LRM, author = "Guillaume Lavou{\'e}", title = "A local roughness measure for {$3$D} meshes and its application to visual masking", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "21:1--21:??", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1462048.1462052", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:38:02 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "3D models are subject to a wide variety of processing operations such as compression, simplification or watermarking, which may introduce some geometric artifacts on the shape. The main issue is to maximize the compression/simplification ratio or the watermark strength while minimizing these visual degradations. However few algorithms exploit the human visual system to {\em hide\/} these degradations, while perceptual attributes could be quite relevant for this task. Particularly, the {\em masking effect\/} defines the fact that one visual pattern can hide the visibility of another. In this context we introduce an algorithm for estimating the {\em roughness\/} of a 3D mesh, as a local measure of geometric noise on the surface. Indeed, a textured (or {\em rough\/}) region is able to hide geometric distortions much better than a smooth one. Our measure is based on curvature analysis on local windows of the mesh and is independent of the resolution/connectivity of the object. The accuracy and the robustness of our measure, together with its relevance regarding visual masking have been demonstrated through extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art and subjective experiment. Two applications are also presented, in which the roughness is used to lead (and improve) respectively compression and watermarking algorithms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "21", keywords = "3D mesh; Curvature; Masking; Roughness; subjective evaluation", } @Article{Murphy:2009:HIM, author = "Hunter A. Murphy and Andrew T. Duchowski and Richard A. Tyrrell", title = "Hybrid image\slash model-based gaze-contingent rendering", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "22:1--22:??", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1462048.1462053", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:38:02 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "A nonisotropic hybrid image/model-based gaze-contingent rendering technique utilizing ray casting on a GPU is discussed. Empirical evidence derived from human subject experiments indicates an inverse relationship between a peripherally degraded scene's high-resolution inset size and mean search time, a trend consistent with existing image-based and model-based techniques. In addition, the data suggest that maintaining a target's silhouette edges decreases search times when compared to targets with degraded edges. However, analysis suggests a point of diminishing returns with an inset larger than 15^\circ when target discrimination is a component of visual search. Benefits of the hybrid technique include simplicity of design and parallelizability, both conducive to GPU implementation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "22", keywords = "Eye tracking; Level of Detail", } @Article{Boucheny:2009:PEV, author = "Christian Boucheny and Georges-Pierre Bonneau and Jacques Droulez and Guillaume Thibault and Stephane Ploix", title = "A perceptive evaluation of volume rendering techniques", journal = j-TAP, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "23:1--23:??", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1462048.1462054", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:38:02 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The display of space filling data is still a challenge for the community of visualization. Direct volume rendering (DVR) is one of the most important techniques developed to achieve direct perception of such volumetric data. It is based on semitransparent representations, where the data are accumulated in a depth-dependent order. However, it produces images that may be difficult to understand, and thus several techniques have been proposed so as to improve its effectiveness, using for instance lighting models or simpler representations (e.g., maximum intensity projection). In this article, we present three perceptual studies that examine how DVR meets its goals, in either static or dynamic context. We show that a static representation is highly ambiguous, even in simple cases, but this can be counterbalanced by use of dynamic cues (i.e., motion parallax) provided that the rendering parameters are correctly tuned. In addition, perspective projections are demonstrated to provide relevant information to disambiguate depth perception in dynamic displays.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "23", keywords = "Direct volume rendering; perception of transparency; perspective projection; structure from motion", } @Article{Feixas:2009:UIT, author = "Miquel Feixas and Mateu Sbert and Francisco Gonz{\'a}lez", title = "A unified information-theoretic framework for viewpoint selection and mesh saliency", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "1:1--1:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 23 08:25:26 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "1", } @Article{Hattenberger:2009:PIG, author = "Timothy J. Hattenberger and Mark D. Fairchild and Garrett M. Johnson and Carl Salvaggio", title = "A psychophysical investigation of global illumination algorithms used in augmented reality", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "2:1--2:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 23 08:25:26 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "2", } @Article{Li:2009:NEF, author = "Yanfang Li and Volkan Patoglu and Marcia K. O'Malley", title = "Negative efficacy of fixed gain error reducing shared control for training in virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "3:1--3:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 23 08:25:26 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "3", } @Article{Gray:2009:SRC, author = "Rob Gray and Rayka Mohebbi and Hong Z. Tan", title = "The spatial resolution of crossmodal attention: Implications for the design of multimodal interfaces", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "4:1--4:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 23 08:25:26 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "4", } @Article{Li:2009:PIM, author = "Li Li and Bernard D. Adelstein and Stephen R. Ellis", title = "Perception of image motion during head movement", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "5:1--5:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 23 08:25:26 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "5", } @Article{Khan:2009:CPE, author = "Masood Mehmood Khan and Robert D. Ward and Michael Ingleby", title = "Classifying pretended and evoked facial expressions of positive and negative affective states using infrared measurement of skin temperature", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "6:1--6:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Feb 23 08:25:26 MST 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "6", } @Article{Riecke:2009:MSE, author = "Bernhard E. Riecke and Aleksander V{\"a}ljam{\"a}e and J{\"o}rg Schulte-Pelkum", title = "Moving sounds enhance the visually-induced self-motion illusion (circular vection) in virtual reality", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "7:1--7:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1498700.1498701", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Apr 13 08:51:27 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "While rotating visual and auditory stimuli have long been known to elicit self-motion illusions (``circular vection''), audiovisual interactions have hardly been investigated. Here, two experiments investigated whether visually induced circular vection can be enhanced by concurrently rotating auditory cues that match visual landmarks (e.g., a fountain sound). Participants sat behind a curved projection screen displaying rotating panoramic renderings of a market place. Apart from a no-sound condition, headphone-based auditory stimuli consisted of mono sound, ambient sound, or low-/high-spatial resolution auralizations using generic head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). While merely adding nonrotating (mono or ambient) sound showed no effects, moving sound stimuli facilitated both vection and presence in the virtual environment. This spatialization benefit was maximal for a medium ($20^\circ \times 15^\circ$) FOV, reduced for a larger ($54^\circ \times 45^\circ$) FOV and unexpectedly absent for the smallest ($10^\circ \times 7.5^\circ$) FOV. Increasing auralization spatial fidelity (from low, comparable to five-channel home theatre systems, to high, 5^\circ resolution) provided no further benefit, suggesting a ceiling effect. In conclusion, both self-motion perception and presence can benefit from adding moving auditory stimuli. This has important implications both for multimodal cue integration theories and the applied challenge of building affordable yet effective motion simulators.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "7", keywords = "Audiovisual interactions; presence; psychophysics; self-motion simulation; spatial sound; vection; virtual reality", } @Article{Willemsen:2009:EHM, author = "Peter Willemsen and Mark B. Colton and Sarah H. Creem-Regehr and William B. Thompson", title = "The effects of head-mounted display mechanical properties and field of view on distance judgments in virtual environments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "8:1--8:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1498700.1498702", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Apr 13 08:51:27 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Research has shown that people are able to judge distances accurately in full-cue, real-world environments using visually directed actions. However, in virtual environments viewed with head-mounted display (HMD) systems, there is evidence that people act as though the virtual space is smaller than intended. This is a surprising result given how well people act in real environments. The behavior in the virtual setting may be linked to distortions in the available visual cues or to a person's ability to locomote without vision. Either could result from issues related to added mass, moments of inertia, and restricted field of view in HMDs. This article describes an experiment in which distance judgments based on normal real-world and HMD viewing are compared with judgments based on real-world viewing while wearing two specialized devices. One is a mock HMD, which replicated the mass, moments of inertia, and field of view of the HMD and the other an inertial headband designed to replicate the mass and moments of inertia of the HMD, but constructed to not restrict the field of view of the observer or otherwise feel like wearing a helmet. Distance judgments using the mock HMD showed a statistically significant underestimation relative to the no restriction condition but not of a magnitude sufficient to account for all the distance compression seen in the HMD. Indicated distances with the inertial headband were not significantly smaller than those made with no restrictions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "8", keywords = "distance judgments; head-mounted displays; Perception", } @Article{Duchowski:2009:SVS, author = "Andrew T. Duchowski and David Bate and Paris Stringfellow and Kaveri Thakur and Brian J. Melloy and Anand K. Gramopadhye", title = "On spatiochromatic visual sensitivity and peripheral color {LOD} management", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "9:1--9:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1498700.1498703", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Apr 13 08:51:27 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Empirical findings from a gaze-contingent color degradation study report the effects of artificial reduction of the human visual system's sensitivity to peripheral chromaticity on visual search performance. To our knowledge, this is the first such investigation of peripheral color reduction. For unimpeded performance, results suggest that, unlike spatiotemporal content, peripheral chromaticity cannot be reduced within the central $20^\circ$ visual angle. Somewhat analogous to dark adaptation, reduction of peripheral color tends to simulate scotopic viewing conditions. This holds significant implications for chromatic Level Of Detail management. Specifically, while peripheral spatiotemporal detail can be attenuated without affecting visual search, often dramatically (e.g., spatial detail can be so reduced up to 50\% at about $5^\circ$), peripheral chromatic reduction is likely to be noticed much sooner. Therefore, color LOD reduction (e.g., via compression), should be maintained isotropically across the central 20^\circ visual field.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "9", keywords = "Gaze-contingent displays", } @Article{Harper:2009:TDV, author = "Simon Harper and Eleni Michailidou and Robert Stevens", title = "Toward a definition of visual complexity as an implicit measure of cognitive load", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "10:1--10:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1498700.1498704", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Apr 13 08:51:27 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The visual complexity of Web pages is much talked about; ``complex Web pages are difficult to use,'' but often regarded as a subjective decision by the user. This subjective decision is of limited use if we wish to understand the importance of visual complexity, what it means, and how it can be used. We theorize that by understanding a user's visual perception of Web page complexity, we can understand the cognitive effort required for interaction with that page. This is important because by using an easily identifiable measure, such as visual complexity, as an implicit marker of cognitive load, we can design Web pages which are easier to interact with. We have devised an initial empirical experiment, using card sorting and triadic elicitation, to test our theories and assumptions, and have built an initial baseline sequence of 20 Web pages along with a library of qualitative and anecdotal feedback. Using this library, we define visual complexity, ergo perceived interaction complexity, and by taking these pages as ``prototypes'' and ranking them into a sequence of complexity, we are able to group them into: simple, neutral, and complex. This means we can now work toward a definition of visual complexity as an implicit measure of cognitive load.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "10", keywords = "knowledge elicitation; semantic Web; visual complexity; visual impairment; Web accessibility", } @Article{Canosa:2009:RWV, author = "Roxanne L. Canosa", title = "Real-world vision: Selective perception and task", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "11:1--11:??", month = feb, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1498700.1498705", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Apr 13 08:51:27 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Visual perception is an inherently selective process. To understand when and why a particular region of a scene is selected, it is imperative to observe and describe the eye movements of individuals as they go about performing specific tasks. In this sense, vision is an active process that integrates scene properties with specific, goal-oriented oculomotor behavior. This study is an investigation of how task influences the visual selection of stimuli from a scene. Four eye tracking experiments were designed and conducted to determine how everyday tasks affect oculomotor behavior. A portable eyetracker was created for the specific purpose of bringing the experiments out of the laboratory and into the real world, where natural behavior is most likely to occur. The experiments provide evidence that the human visual system is not a passive collector of salient environmental stimuli, nor is vision general-purpose. Rather, vision is active and specific, tightly coupled to the requirements of a task and a plan of action. The experiments support the hypothesis that the purpose of selective attention is to maximize task efficiency by fixating relevant objects in the scene. A computational model of visual attention is presented that imposes a high-level constraint on the bottom-up salient properties of a scene for the purpose of locating regions that are likely to correspond to foreground objects rather than background or other salient nonobject stimuli. In addition to improving the correlation to human subject fixation densities over a strictly bottom-up model [Itti et al. 1998; Parkhurst et al. 2002], this model predicts a central fixation tendency when that tendency is warranted, and not as an artificially primed location bias.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "11", keywords = "Active vision; eye-tracking; saliency modeling", } @Article{Creem-Regehr:2009:GE, author = "Sarah Creem-Regehr and Karol Myszkowski", title = "Guest editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "13:1--13:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577756", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "13", } @Article{McDonnell:2009:IRB, author = "Rachel McDonnell and Sophie J{\"o}rg and Joanna McHugh and Fiona N. Newell and Carol O'Sullivan", title = "Investigating the role of body shape on the perception of emotion", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "14:1--14:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577757", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In order to analyze the emotional content of motions portrayed by different characters, we created real and virtual replicas of an actor exhibiting six basic emotions: sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, anger, and disgust. In addition to the video of the real actor, his actions were applied to five virtual body shapes: a low- and high-resolution virtual counterpart, a cartoon-like character, a wooden mannequin, and a zombie-like character (Figures 1 and 2). In a point light condition, we also tested whether the absence of a body affected the perceived emotion of the movements. Participants were asked to rate the actions based on a list of 41 more complex emotions. We found that the perception of emotional actions is highly robust and to the most part independent of the character's body, so long as form is present. When motion alone is present, emotions were generally perceived as less intense than in the cases where form was present.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "14", keywords = "graphics; motion capture; Perception", } @Article{Reitsma:2009:ESP, author = "Paul S. A. Reitsma and Carol O'Sullivan", title = "Effect of scenario on perceptual sensitivity to errors in animation", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "15:1--15:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577758", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "A deeper understanding of what makes animation perceptually plausible would benefit a number of applications, such as approximate collision detection and goal-directed animation. In a series of psychophysical experiments, we examine how measurements of perceptual sensitivity in realistic physical simulations compare to similar measurements done in more abstract settings. We find that participant tolerance for certain types of errors is significantly higher in a realistic snooker scenario than in the abstract test settings previously used to examine those errors. By contrast, we find tolerance for errors displayed in realistic but more neutral environments was not different from tolerance for those errors in abstract settings. Additionally, we examine the interaction of auditory and visual cues in determining participant sensitivity to spatiotemporal errors in rigid body collisions. We find that participants are predominantly affected by visual cues. Finally, we find that tolerance for spatial gaps during collision events is constant for a wide range of viewing angles if the effect of foreshortening and occlusion caused by the viewing angle is taken into account.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "15", keywords = "Animation; graphics; perception; psychophysics", } @Article{Munn:2009:FAI, author = "Susan M. Munn and Jeff B. Pelz", title = "{FixTag}: An algorithm for identifying and tagging fixations to simplify the analysis of data collected by portable eye trackers", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "16:1--16:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577759", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Video-based eye trackers produce an output video showing where a subject is looking, the subject's Point-of-Regard (POR), for each frame of a video of the scene. This information can be extremely valuable, but its analysis can be overwhelming. Analysis of eye-tracked data from portable (wearable) eye trackers is especially daunting, as the scene video may be constantly changing, rendering automatic analysis more difficult. A common way to begin analysis of POR data is to group these data into fixations. In a previous article, we compared the fixations identified (i.e., start and end marked) automatically by an algorithm to those identified manually by users (i.e., manual coders). Here, we extend this automatic identification of fixations to tagging each fixation to a Region-of-Interest (ROI). Our fixation tagging algorithm, FixTag, requires the relative 3D positions of the vertices of ROIs and calibration of the scene camera. Fixation tagging is performed by first calculating the camera projection matrices for keyframes of the scene video (captured by the eye tracker) via an iterative structure and motion recovery algorithm. These matrices are then used to project 3D ROI vertices into the keyframes. A POR for each fixation is matched to a point in the closest keyframe, which is then checked against the 2D projected ROI vertices for tagging. Our fixation tags were compared to those produced by three manual coders tagging the automatically identified fixations for two different scenarios. For each scenario, eight ROIs were defined along with the 3D positions of eight calibration points. Therefore, 17 tags were available for each fixation: 8 for ROIs, 8 for calibration points, and 1 for ``other.'' For the first scenario, a subject was tracked looking through products on four store shelves, resulting in 182 automatically identified fixations. Our automatic tagging algorithm produced tags that matched those produced by at least one manual coder for 181 out of the 182 fixations (99.5\% agreement). For the second scenario, a subject was tracked looking at two posters on adjoining walls of a room. Our algorithm matched at least one manual coder's tag for 169 fixations out of 172 automatically identified (98.3\% agreement).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "16", keywords = "coding; eye tracking; Fixations; portable; wearable", } @Article{McNamara:2009:STP, author = "Ann McNamara and Reynold Bailey and Cindy Grimm", title = "Search task performance using subtle gaze direction with the presence of distractions", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "17:1--17:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577760", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "A new experiment is presented that demonstrates the usefulness of an image space modulation technique called subtle gaze direction (SGD) for guiding the user in a simple searching task. SGD uses image space modulations in the luminance channel to guide a viewer's gaze about a scene without interrupting their visual experience. The goal of SGD is to direct a viewer's gaze to certain regions of a scene without introducing noticeable changes in the image. Using a simple searching task, we compared performance using no modulation, using subtle modulation, and using obvious modulation. Results from the experiments show improved performance when using subtle gaze direction, without affecting the user's perception of the image. We then extend the experiment to evaluate performance with the presence of distractors. The distractors took the form of extra modulations, which do not correspond to a target in the image. Experimentation shows, that, even in the presence of distractors, more accurate results are returned on a simple search task using SGD, as compared to results returned when no modulation at all is used. Results establish the potential of the method for a wide range of applications including gaming, perceptually based rendering, navigation in virtual environments, and medical search tasks.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "17", keywords = "Eye tracking; gaze direction; image manipulation; luminance; psychophysics", } @Article{Filip:2009:URG, author = "Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i} Filip and Michael J. Chantler and Michal Haindl", title = "On uniform resampling and gaze analysis of bidirectional texture functions", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "18:1--18:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577761", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "The use of illumination and view-dependent texture information is recently the best way to capture the appearance of real-world materials accurately. One example is the Bidirectional Texture Function. The main disadvantage of these data is their massive size. In this article, we employ perceptually-based methods to allow more efficient handling of these data. In the first step, we analyse different uniform resampling by means of a psychophysical study with 11 subjects, comparing original data with rendering of a uniformly resampled version over the hemisphere of illumination and view-dependent textural measurements. We have found that down-sampling in view and illumination azimuthal angles is less apparent than in elevation angles and that illumination directions can be down-sampled more than view directions without loss of visual accuracy. In the second step, we analyzed subjects gaze fixation during the experiment. The gaze analysis confirmed results from the experiment and revealed that subjects were fixating at locations aligned with direction of main gradient in rendered stimuli. As this gradient was mostly aligned with illumination gradient, we conclude that subjects were observing materials mainly in direction of illumination gradient. Our results provide interesting insights in human perception of real materials and show promising consequences for development of more efficient compression and rendering algorithms using these kind of massive data.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "18", keywords = "BTF; eye tracking; phychophysical experiment; texture compression; uniform resampling; visual degradation", } @Article{Kuhl:2009:HCE, author = "Scott A. Kuhl and William B. Thompson and Sarah H. Creem-Regehr", title = "{HMD} calibration and its effects on distance judgments", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "19:1--19:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577762", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Most head-mounted displays (HMDs) suffer from substantial optical distortion, and vendor-supplied specifications for field-of-view often are at variance with reality. Unless corrected, such displays do not present perspective-related visual cues in a geometrically correct manner. Distorted geometry has the potential to affect applications of HMDs, which depend on precise spatial perception. This article provides empirical evidence for the degree to which common geometric distortions affect one type of spatial judgment in virtual environments. We show that minification or magnification in the HMD that would occur from misstated HMD field of view causes significant changes in distance judgments. Incorrectly calibrated pitch and pincushion distortion, however, do not cause statistically significant changes in distance judgments for the degree of distortions examined. While the means for determining the optical distortion of display systems are well known, they are often not used in non-see-through HMDs due to problems in measuring and correcting for distortion. As a result, we also provide practical guidelines for creating geometrically calibrated systems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "19", keywords = "field of view; Immersive virtual environment; minification; perception; pincushion distortion; pitch", } @Article{Riecke:2009:ASM, author = "Bernhard E. Riecke and Daniel Feuereissen and John J. Rieser", title = "Auditory self-motion simulation is facilitated by haptic and vibrational cues suggesting the possibility of actual motion", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "20:1--20:??", month = aug, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1577755.1577763", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Mon Aug 31 16:34:11 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Sound fields rotating around stationary blindfolded listeners sometimes elicit auditory circular vection, the illusion that the listener is physically rotating. Experiment 1 investigated whether auditory circular vection depends on participants' situational awareness of ``movability,'' that is, whether they sense/know that actual motion is possible or not. While previous studies often seated participants on movable chairs to suspend the disbelief of self-motion, it has never been investigated whether this does, in fact, facilitate auditory vection. To this end, 23 blindfolded participants were seated on a hammock chair with their feet either on solid ground (``movement impossible'') or suspended (``movement possible'') while listening to individualized binaural recordings of two sound sources rotating synchronously at 60^\circ /s. Although participants never physically moved, situational awareness of movability facilitated auditory vection. Moreover, adding slight vibrations like the ones resulting from actual chair rotation increased the frequency and intensity of vection. Experiment 2 extended these findings and showed that nonindividualized binaural recordings were as effective in inducing auditory circular vection as individualized recordings. These results have important implications both for our theoretical understanding of self-motion perception and for the applied field of self-motion simulations, where vibrations, nonindividualized binaural sound, and the cognitive/perceptual framework of movability can typically be provided at minimal cost and effort.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "20", keywords = "auditory vection; circular vection; cue-integration; higher-level/cognitive influences; HRTF; human factors; individualized binaural recordings; psychophysics; Self-motion illusions; self-motion simulation; spatial sound; vibrations; virtual reality", } @Article{Bodenheimer:2009:GE, author = "Bobby Bodenheimer and Carol O'Sullivan", title = "Guest editorial", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "21:1--21:??", month = sep, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1609967.1609968", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Thu Oct 1 09:18:09 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "21", } @Article{McDonnell:2009:TBS, author = "Rachel McDonnell and Cathy Ennis and Simon Dobbyn and Carol O'Sullivan", title = "Talking bodies: Sensitivity to desynchronization of conversations", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "22:1--22:??", month = sep, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1609967.1609969", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Thu Oct 1 09:18:09 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In this article, we investigate human sensitivity to the coordination and timing of conversational body language for virtual characters. First, we captured the full body motions (excluding faces and hands) of three actors conversing about a range of topics, in either a polite (i.e., one person talking at a time) or debate/argument style. Stimuli were then created by applying the motion-captured conversations from the actors to virtual characters. In a 2AFC experiment, participants viewed paired sequences of synchronized and desynchronized conversations and were asked to guess which was the real one. Detection performance was above chance for both conversation styles but more so for the polite conversations, where desynchronization was more noticeable.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "22", keywords = "graphics; motion capture; Perception", } @Article{Jimenez:2009:SSP, author = "Jorge Jimenez and Veronica Sundstedt and Diego Gutierrez", title = "Screen-space perceptual rendering of human skin", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "23:1--23:??", month = sep, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1609967.1609970", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Thu Oct 1 09:18:09 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "We propose a novel skin shader which translates the simulation of subsurface scattering from texture space to a screen-space diffusion approximation. It naturally scales well while maintaining a perceptually plausible result. This technique allows us to ensure real-time performance even when several characters may appear on screen at the same time. The visual realism of the resulting images is validated using a subjective psychophysical preference experiment. Our results show that, independent of distance and light position, the images rendered using our novel shader have as high visual realism as a previously developed physically-based shader.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "23", keywords = "perception; psychophysics; Real-time skin rendering", } @Article{Yu:2009:PIA, author = "Insu Yu and Andrew Cox and Min H. Kim and Tobias Ritschel and Thorsten Grosch and Carsten Dachsbacher and Jan Kautz", title = "Perceptual influence of approximate visibility in indirect illumination", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "24:1--24:??", month = sep, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1609967.1609971", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Thu Oct 1 09:18:09 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "In this article we evaluate the use of approximate visibility for efficient global illumination. Traditionally, accurate visibility is used in light transport. However, the indirect illumination we perceive on a daily basis is rarely of high-frequency nature, as the most significant aspect of light transport in real-world scenes is diffuse, and thus displays a smooth gradation. This raises the question of whether accurate visibility is perceptually necessary in this case. To answer this question, we conduct a psychophysical study on the perceptual influence of approximate visibility on indirect illumination. This study reveals that accurate visibility is not required and that certain approximations may be introduced.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "24", keywords = "Global illumination; perception; visibility", } @Article{Morvan:2009:HOT, author = "Yann Morvan and Carol O'Sullivan", title = "Handling occluders in transitions from panoramic images: {A} perceptual study", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "25:1--25:??", month = sep, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1609967.1609972", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Thu Oct 1 09:18:09 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Panoramic images are very effective at conveying a visual sense of presence at very low cost and great ease of authoring. They are, however, limited in the navigation options they offer, unlike 3D representations. It is therefore desirable to provide pleasing transitions from one panorama to another, or from a panorama to a 3D model. We focus on motions where the viewers move toward an area of interest, and on the problem of dealing with occluders in their path. We discuss existing transition approaches, with emphasis on the additional information they require and on the constraints they place on the authoring process. We propose a compromise approach based on faking the parallax effect with occluder mattes. We conduct a user study to determine whether additional information does in fact increase the visual appeal of transitions. We observe that the creation of occluder mattes alone is only justified if the fake parallax effect can be synchronized with the camera motion (but not necessarily consistent with it), and if viewpoint discrepancies at occlusion boundaries are small. The faster the transition, the less perceptual value there is in creating mattes. Information on view alignment is always useful, as a dissolve effect is always preferred to fading to black and back.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "25", keywords = "content mixing; occlusion; panorama; transitioning; User study", } @Article{To:2009:PDN, author = "M. P. S. To and I. D. Gilchrist and T. Troscianko and J. S. B. Kho and D. J. Tolhurst", title = "Perception of differences in natural-image stimuli: Why is peripheral viewing poorer than foveal?", journal = j-TAP, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "26:1--26:??", month = sep, year = "2009", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1609967.1609973", ISSN = "1544-3558", bibdate = "Thu Oct 1 09:18:09 MDT 2009", bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/", abstract = "Visual Difference Predictor (VDP) models have played a key role in digital image applications such as the development of image quality metrics. However, little attention has been paid to their applicability to peripheral vision. Central (i.e., foveal) vision is extremely sensitive for the contrast detection of simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, but peripheral vision is less sensitive. Furthermore, crowding is a well-documented phenomenon whereby differences in suprathreshold peripherally viewed target objects (such as individual letters or patches of sinusoidal grating) become more difficult to discriminate when surrounded by other objects (flankers). We examine three factors that might influence the degree of crowding with natural-scene stimuli (cropped from photographs of natural scenes): (1) location in the visual field, (2) distance between target and flankers, and (3) flanker-target similarity. We ask how these factors affect crowding in a suprathreshold discrimination experiment where observers rate the perceived differences between two sequentially presented target patches of natural images. The targets might differ in the shape, size, arrangement, or color of items in the scenes. Changes in uncrowded peripheral targets are perceived to be less than for the same changes viewed foveally. Consistent with previous research on simple stimuli, we find that crowding in the periphery (but not in the fovea) reduces the magnitudes of perceived changes even further, especially when the flankers are closer and more similar to the target. We have tested VDP models based on the response behavior of neurons in visual cortex and the inhibitory interactions between them. The models do not explain the lower ratings for peripherally viewed changes even when the lower peripheral contrast sensitivity was accounted for; nor could they explain the effects of crowding, which others have suggested might arise from errors in the spatial localization of features in the peripheral image. This suggests that conventional VDP models do not port well to peripheral vision.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "26", keywords = "crowding; image difference metrics; peripheral vision; Peripheral vision; psychophysical testing; VDP models", }