%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "1.02", %%% date = "14 October 2017", %%% time = "08:49:17 MDT", %%% filename = "imwut.bib", %%% address = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148", %%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "25792 1698 9817 90810", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "bibliography; BibTeX; Proceedings of the ACM %%% on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and %%% Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for %%% Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, %%% Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies %%% (IMWUT) (CODEN ????, ISSN 2474-9567). The %%% journal appears annually, and publication %%% began with volume 1, number 1, in March 2017. %%% %%% At version 1.02, the COMPLETE journal %%% coverage looked like this: %%% %%% 2017 ( 34) %%% %%% Article: 34 %%% %%% Total entries: 34 %%% %%% The journal Web pages can be found at: %%% %%% http://imwut.acm.org/ %%% http://imwut.acm.org/archive-toc.cfm %%% %%% The journal table of contents page is at: %%% %%% http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566 %%% %%% Qualified subscribers can retrieve the full %%% text of recent articles in PDF form. %%% %%% The initial draft was extracted from the ACM %%% Web pages. %%% %%% ACM copyrights explicitly permit abstracting %%% with credit, so article abstracts, keywords, %%% and subject classifications have been %%% included in this bibliography wherever %%% available. Article reviews have been %%% omitted, until their copyright status has %%% been clarified. %%% %%% bibsource keys in the bibliography entries %%% below indicate the entry originally came %%% from the computer science bibliography %%% archive, even though it has likely since %%% been corrected and updated. %%% %%% URL keys in the bibliography point to %%% World Wide Web locations of additional %%% information about the entry. %%% %%% BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen %%% as name:year:abbrev, where name is the %%% family name of the first author or editor, %%% year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a %%% 3-letter condensation of important title %%% words. Citation tags were automatically %%% generated by software developed for the %%% BibNet Project. %%% %%% In this bibliography, entries are sorted in %%% publication order, using ``bibsort -byvolume.'' %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility.", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty" # "\def \TM {${}^{\sc TM}$}" } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-IMWUT = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Bibliography entries: @Article{Abowd:2017:E, author = "Gregory D. Abowd and Vassilis Kostakos and Silvia Santini and James Scott and Koji Yatani", title = "Editorial", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "1--1", month = mar, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3075960", ISSN = "2474-9567", ISSN-L = "2474-9567", bibdate = "Fri Jun 16 10:24:00 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3075960", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Dementyev:2017:DWD, author = "Artem Dementyev and Christian Holz", title = "{DualBlink}: A Wearable Device to Continuously Detect, Track, and Actuate Blinking For Alleviating Dry Eyes and Computer Vision Syndrome", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "1:1--1:19", month = mar, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3053330", ISSN = "2474-9567", ISSN-L = "2474-9567", bibdate = "Fri Jun 16 10:24:00 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3053330", abstract = "Increased visual attention, such as during computer use leads to less blinking, which can cause dry eyes --- the leading cause of computer vision syndrome. As people spend more time looking at screens on mobile and desktop devices, computer vision syndrome is becoming epidemic in today's population, leading to blurry vision, fatigue, and a reduced quality of life. One way to alleviate dry eyes is increased blinking. In this paper, we present a series of glasses-mounted devices that track the wearer's blink rate and, upon absent blinks, trigger blinks through actuation: light flashes, physical taps, and small puffs of air near the eye. We conducted a user study to evaluate the effectiveness of our devices and found that air puff and physical tap actuations result in a 36\% increase in participants' average blink rate. Air puff thereby struck the best compromise between effective blink actuations and low distraction ratings from participants. In a follow-up study, we found that high intensity, short puffs near the eye were most effective in triggering blinks while receiving only low-rated distraction and invasiveness ratings from participants. We conclude this paper with two miniaturized and self-contained DualBlink prototypes, one integrated into the frame of a pair of glasses and the other one as a clip-on for existing glasses. We believe that DualBlink can serve as an always-available and viable option to treat computer vision syndrome in the future.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "1", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Hassan:2017:FEB, author = "Mahmoud Hassan and Florian Daiber and Frederik Wiehr and Felix Kosmalla and Antonio Kr{\"u}ger", title = "{FootStriker}: An {EMS}-based Foot Strike Assistant for Running", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "2:1--2:18", month = mar, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3053332", ISSN = "2474-9567", ISSN-L = "2474-9567", bibdate = "Fri Jun 16 10:24:00 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3053332", abstract = "In running, knee-related injuries are very common. The main cause are high impact forces when striking the ground with the heel first. Mid- or forefoot running is generally known to reduce impact loads and to be a more efficient running style. In this paper, we introduce a wearable running assistant, consisting of an electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) device and an insole with force sensing resistors. It detects heel striking and actuates the calf muscles during the flight phase to control the foot angle before landing. We conducted a user study, in which we compared the classical coaching approach using slow motion video analysis as a terminal feedback to our proposed real-time EMS feedback. The results show that EMS actuation significantly outperforms traditional coaching, i.e., a decreased average heel striking rate, when using the system. As an implication, EMS feedback can generally be beneficial for the motor learning of complex, repetitive movements.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "2", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Liu:2017:GAU, author = "Can Liu and Gradeigh D. Clark and Janne Lindqvist", title = "Guessing Attacks on User-Generated Gesture Passwords", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "3:1--3:24", month = mar, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3053331", ISSN = "2474-9567", ISSN-L = "2474-9567", bibdate = "Fri Jun 16 10:24:00 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3053331", abstract = "Touchscreens, the dominant input type for mobile phones, require unique authentication solutions. Gesture passwords have been proposed as an alternative ubiquitous authentication technique. Prior security analysis has relied on inconsistent measurements such as mutual information or shoulder surfing attacks.We present the first approach for measuring the security of gestures with guessing attacks that model real-world attacker behavior. Our major contributions are: (1) a comprehensive analysis of the weak subspace for gesture passwords, (2) a method for enumerating the size of the full theoretical gesture password space, (3) a design of a novel guessing attack against user-chosen gestures using a dictionary, and (4) a brute-force attack used for benchmarking the performance of the guessing attack. Our dictionary attack, tested on newly collected user data, achieves a cracking rate of 47.71\% after two weeks of computation using 109 guesses. This is a difference of 35.78 percentage points compared to the 11.93\% cracking rate of the brute-force attack. In conclusion, users are not taking full advantage of the large theoretical password space and instead choose their gesture passwords from weak subspaces. We urge for further work on addressing this challenge.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "3", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Akazue:2017:UTS, author = "Moses Akazue and Martin Halvey and Lynne Baillie", title = "Using Thermal Stimuli to Enhance Photo-Sharing in Social Media", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090050", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090050", abstract = "Limited work has been undertaken to show how the emotive ability of thermal stimuli can be used for interaction purposes. One potential application area is using thermal stimuli to influence emotions in images shared online such as social media platforms. This paper presents a two-part study, which examines how the documented emotive property of thermal stimuli can be applied to enhance social media images. Participants in part-one supplied images from their personal collection or social media profiles, and were asked to augment each image with thermal stimuli based on the emotions they wanted to enhance or reduce. Part-one participants were interviewed to understand the effects they wanted augmented images to have. In part-two, these augmented images were perceived by a different set of participants in a simulated social media interface. Results showed strong agreement between the emotions augmented images were designed to evoke and the emotions they actually evoked as perceived by part-two participants. Participants in part-one selected thermal stimuli augmentation intended to modulate valence and arousal in images as a way of enhancing the realism of the images augmented. Part-two results indicate this was achieved as participants perceived thermal stimuli augmentation reduced valence in negative images and modulated valence and arousal in positive images.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "4", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Bae:2017:DDE, author = "Sangwon Bae and Denzil Ferreira and Brian Suffoletto and Juan C. Puyana and Ryan Kurtz and Tammy Chung and Anind K. Dey", title = "Detecting Drinking Episodes in Young Adults Using {Smartphone}-based Sensors", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090051", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090051", abstract = "Alcohol use in young adults is common, with high rates of morbidity and mortality largely due to periodic, heavy drinking episodes (HDEs). Behavioral interventions delivered through electronic communication modalities (e.g., text messaging) can reduce the frequency of HDEs in young adults, but effects are small. One way to amplify these effects is to deliver support materials proximal to drinking occasions, but this requires knowledge of when they will occur. Mobile phones have built-in sensors that can potentially be useful in monitoring behavioral patterns associated with the initiation of drinking occasions. The objective of our work is to explore the detection of daily-life behavioral markers using mobile phone sensors and their utility in identifying drinking occasions. We utilized data from 30 young adults aged 21-28 with past hazardous drinking and collected mobile phone sensor data and daily Experience Sampling Method (ESM) of drinking for 28 consecutive days. We built a machine learning-based model that is 96.6\% accurate at identifying non-drinking, drinking and heavy drinking episodes. We highlight the most important features for detecting drinking episodes and identify the amount of historical data needed for accurate detection. Our results suggest that mobile phone sensors can be used for automated, continuous monitoring of at-risk populations to detect drinking episodes and support the delivery of timely interventions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "5", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Baumann:2017:EBC, author = "Paul Baumann and Silvia Santini", title = "Every Byte Counts: Selective Prefetching for Mobile Applications", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090052", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090052", abstract = "Quick responses to user actions are instrumental to the success of mobile applications. To ensure such responsiveness, applications often prefetch data objects before the user requests them. This way, applications can avoid the need to retrieve data through slow network connections during user interactions. However, prefetches may also harm. They increase launch delays and might cause substantial amounts of data to be downloaded through energy-hungry, cellular connections. In this paper, we propose EBC, a novel algorithm to schedule application prefetches and overcome their drawbacks. EBC computes application usage probabilities and traffic volume estimates to determine when and for which applications prefetches should be triggered. Thereby, it applies different strategies depending on whether a cellular or Wi-Fi connection is available. We evaluate the performance of EBC on two publicly available, large-scale data sets: LiveLab and Device Analyzer. Our results show that EBC can lower launch delays and ensure freshness of application content. At the same time, it reduces the amount of data downloaded through cellular connections. On the Device Analyzer data set, for instance, EBC achieves a 10\% reduction in cellular traffic and a 36\% better average freshness with respect to its closest competitor.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "6", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Butscher:2017:ITO, author = "Simon Butscher and Maximilian D{\"u}rr and Harald Reiterer", title = "{InformationSense}: Trade-offs for the Design and the Implementation of a Large Highly Deformable Cloth Display", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090053", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090053", abstract = "Deformable displays can provide two major benefits compared to rigid displays: Objects of different shapes and deformabilities, situated in our physical environment, can be equipped with deformable displays, and users can benefit from their pre-existing knowledge about the interaction with physical objects when interacting with deformable displays. In this article we present InformationSense, a large, highly deformable cloth display. The article contributes to two research areas in the context of deformable displays: It presents an approach for the tracking of large, highly deformable surfaces, and it presents one of the first UX analyses of cloth displays that will help with the design of future interaction techniques for this kind of display. The comparison of InformationSense with a rigid display interface unveiled the trade-off that while users are able to interact with InformationSense more naturally and significantly preferred InformationSense in terms of joy of use, they preferred the rigid display interfaces in terms of efficiency. This suggests that deformable displays are already suitable if high hedonic qualities are important but need to be enhanced with additional digital power if high pragmatic qualities are required.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "7", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Chen:2017:MMT, author = "Ke-Yu Chen and Rahul C. Shah and Jonathan Huang and Lama Nachman", title = "{Mago}: Mode of Transport Inference Using the {Hall}-Effect Magnetic Sensor and Accelerometer", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090054", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090054", abstract = "In this paper, we introduce Mago, a novel system that can infer a person's mode of transport (MOT) using the Hall-effect magnetic sensor and accelerometer present in most smart devices. When a vehicle is moving, the motions of its mechanical components such as the wheels, transmission and the differential distort the earth's magnetic field. The magnetic field is distorted corresponding to the vehicle structure (e.g., bike chain or car transmission system), which manifests itself as a strong signal for sensing a person's transportation modality. We utilize this magnetic signal combined with the accelerometer and design a robust algorithm for the MOT detection. In particular, our system extracts frame-based features from the sensor data and can run in nearly real-time with only a few seconds of delay. We evaluated Mago using over 70 hours of daily commute data from 7 participants and the leave-one-out analysis of our cross-user, cross-device model reports an average accuracy of 94.4\% among seven classes (stationary, bus, bike, car, train, light rail and scooter). Besides MOT, our system is able to reliably differentiate the phone's in-car position at an average accuracy of 92.9\%. We believe Mago could potentially benefit many contextually-aware applications that require MOT detection such as a digital personal assistant or a life coaching application.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "8", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Dobbelstein:2017:PWD, author = "David Dobbelstein and Christian Winkler and Gabriel Haas and Enrico Rukzio", title = "{PocketThumb}: a Wearable Dual-Sided Touch Interface for Cursor-based Control of Smart-Eyewear", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090055", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090055", abstract = "We present PocketThumb, a wearable touch interface for smart-eyewear that is embedded into the fabrics of the front trouser pocket. The interface is reachable from outside and inside of the pocket to allow for a combined dual-sided touch input. The user can control an absolute cursor with their thumb sliding along the fabric from the inside, while at the same time tapping or swiping with fingers from the outside to perform joint gestures. This allows for resting the hand in a comfortable and quickly accessible position, while performing interaction with a high expressiveness that is feasible in mobile scenarios. In a cursor-based target selection study, we found that our introduced dual-sided touch interaction is significantly faster in comparison to common single-sided absolute as well as relative touch interaction (~19\%, resp. ~23\% faster). The effect is largest in the mobile conditions standing and walking (up to ~31\% faster).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "9", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Finnigan:2017:AAE, author = "S. Mitchell Finnigan and A. K. Clear and G. Farr-Wharton and K. Ladha and R. Comber", title = "Augmenting Audits: Exploring the Role of Sensor Toolkits in Sustainable Buildings Management", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090075", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090075", abstract = "Audits are commonly carried out by facilities managers (FMs) to quantify the sustainability and performance of the buildings they manage, informing improvements to infrastructure for resource and cost savings, and assessing compliance with standards and legislation. The scope for what can be audited is limited by available infrastructure. In this article, we investigate the utility of a flexible sensor toolkit to enhance existing energy auditing practices. We present findings from a qualitative study with FM and student auditor participants from 3 organisations. Our study covers how these toolkits were used and integrated into auditing practices within these organisations, and the opportunities and issues for resource management that arose as a result. We conclude with design implications for toolkits to support sensor-augmented audits, make recommendations towards a deployment protocol for sensor toolkits used in this context, and develop broader considerations for how future standards and policies might be adapted to leverage this potential.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "10", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Guan:2017:EDL, author = "Yu Guan and Thomas Pl{\"o}tz", title = "Ensembles of Deep {LSTM} Learners for Activity Recognition using Wearables", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090076", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090076", abstract = "Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have been introduced very successfully into human activity recognition (HAR) scenarios in ubiquitous and wearable computing. Especially the prospect of overcoming the need for manual feature design combined with superior classification capabilities render deep neural networks very attractive for real-life HAR applications. Even though DL-based approaches now outperform the state-of-the-art in a number of recognition tasks, still substantial challenges remain. Most prominently, issues with real-life datasets, typically including imbalanced datasets and problematic data quality, still limit the effectiveness of activity recognition using wearables. In this paper we tackle such challenges through Ensembles of deep Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. LSTM networks currently represent the state-of-the-art with superior classification performance on relevant HAR benchmark datasets. We have developed modified training procedures for LSTM networks and combine sets of diverse LSTM learners into classifier collectives. We demonstrate that Ensembles of deep LSTM learners outperform individual LSTM networks and thus push the state-of-the-art in human activity recognition using wearables. Through an extensive experimental evaluation on three standard benchmarks (Opportunity, PAMAP2, Skoda) we demonstrate the excellent recognition capabilities of our approach and its potential for real-life applications of human activity recognition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "11", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Gummeson:2017:RLB, author = "Jeremy Gummeson and James Mccann and Chouchang (JACK) Yang and Damith Ranasinghe and Scott Hudson and Alanson Sample", title = "{RFID} Light Bulb: Enabling Ubiquitous Deployment of Interactive {RFID} Systems", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090077", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090077", abstract = "Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has the potential to provide inexpensive, wireless, battery-free connectivity and interactivity for objects that are traditionally not instrumented. However, these systems have not seen widespread deployment outside warehouses and supply chains, owing to the complexity of installing bulky RFID readers, antennas, and their supporting power and network infrastructure. In this work, we leverage advances in semiconductor optics, RF antenna design and system integration to create a hybrid RFID reader and smart LED lamp, in the form factor of a standard light bulb. This makes deploying RFID readers literally as easy as screwing in a light bulb. We explore the home-scale RFID interactions enabled by these smart bulbs, including infrastructure monitoring, localization and guided navigation, and standalone lighting effects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "12", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Hintze:2017:LSL, author = "Daniel Hintze and Philipp Hintze and Rainhard D. Findling and Ren{\'e} Mayrhofer", title = "A Large-Scale, Long-Term Analysis of Mobile Device Usage Characteristics", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090078", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090078", abstract = "Today, mobile devices like smartphones and tablets have become an indispensable part of people's lives, posing many new questions e.g., in terms of interaction methods, but also security. In this paper, we conduct a large scale, long term analysis of mobile device usage characteristics like session length, interaction frequency, and daily usage in locked and unlocked state with respect to location context and diurnal pattern. Based on detailed logs from 29,279 mobile phones and tablets representing a total of 5,811 years of usage time, we identify and analyze 52.2 million usage sessions with some participants providing data for more than four years. Our results show that context has a highly significant effect on both frequency and extent of mobile device usage, with mobile phones being used twice as much at home compared to in the office. Interestingly, devices are unlocked for only 46 \% of the interactions. We found that with an average of 60 interactions per day, smartphones are used almost thrice as often as tablet devices (23), while usage sessions on tablets are three times longer, hence are used almost for an equal amount of time throughout the day. We conclude that usage session characteristics differ considerably between tablets and smartphones. These results inform future approaches to mobile interaction as well as security.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "13", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Jain:2017:PUS, author = "Milan Jain and Amarjeet Singh and Vikas Chandan", title = "{Portable+}: A Ubiquitous and Smart Way Towards Comfortable Energy Savings", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090079", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090079", abstract = "An air conditioner (AC) consumes a significant proportion of the total household power consumption. Primarily used in developing countries, decentralised AC has an inbuilt thermostat to cool the room to a temperature, manually set by the users. However, residents are incapable of specifying their goal through these thermostats - maximise their comfort or save AC energy. State-of-the-art portable thermostats emulate AC remotes and assist occupants in remotely changing the thermostat temperature, through their smartphones. We propose extending such thermostats to portable+ by adding a Comfort-Energy Trade-off (CET) knob, realised through an optimisation framework to allow users to balance their comfort and the savings without worrying about the right set temperature. Analysis based on real data, collected from a controlled experiment (across two rooms for two weeks) and an in-situ deployment (across five rooms for three months), indicates that portable+ thermostats can reduce residents' discomfort by 23\% (CET selection for maximal comfort) and save 26\% energy when CET is set for maximising savings.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "14", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Johnson:2017:BWC, author = "I. Johnson and J. Henderson and C. Perry and J. Sch{\"o}ning and B. Hecht", title = "Beautiful \ldots{} but at What Cost?: An Examination of Externalities in Geographic Vehicle Routing", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090080", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090080", abstract = "Millions of people use platforms such as Google Maps to search for routes to their desired destinations. Recently, researchers and mapping platforms have shown growing interest in optimizing routes for criteria other than travel time, e.g. simplicity, safety, and beauty. However, despite the ubiquity of algorithmic routing and its potential to define how millions of people move around the world, very little is known about the externalities that arise when adopting these new optimization criteria, e.g. potential redistribution of traffic to certain neighborhoods and increased route complexity (with its associated risks). In this paper, we undertake the first controlled examination of these externalities, doing so across multiple mapping platforms, alternative optimizations, and cities. We find, for example, that scenic routing (i.e. ``beauty''-optimized routing) would remove vehicles from highways, greatly increase traffic around parks, and, in certain cases, do the same for high-income areas. Our results also highlight that the interaction between routing criteria and urban structure is complex and effects vary from city to city, an important consideration for the growing literature on alternative routing strategies. Finally, to address the lack of open implementations of alternative routing algorithms and controlled routing evaluation frameworks, we are releasing our alternative routing and evaluation platform with this paper.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "15", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Kucera:2017:TCD, author = "Jan Kucera and James Scott and Nicholas Chen and Patrick Olivier and Steve Hodges", title = "Towards Calm Displays: Matching Ambient Illumination in Bedrooms", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090081", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090081", abstract = "We present a system for making emissive computer displays (LCDs) look like they are reflective, i.e. not emitting light but instead reflecting ambient light, an effect that we call a ``calm display''. We achieve this effect by using a light sensor and a one-time calibration process to drive an algorithm which controls the display's backlight intensity and gamma correction functionality to continually match the brightness and chromaticity of the ambient light. We present an experimental evaluation of our system, showing quantitatively that the color and brightness output by our system is perceptually close to that of a piece of paper under similar lighting conditions. We argue that calm displays can more easily fade into the background, and further that they are more suitable for environments such as bedrooms where glowing displays are often out-of-place. We validate these claims and more generally explore users' perception of calm displays, through a field study of an LCD display deployed in participants' bedrooms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "16", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Lu:2017:BEF, author = "Yiqin Lu and Chun Yu and Xin Yi and Yuanchun Shi and Shengdong Zhao", title = "{BlindType}: Eyes-Free Text Entry on Handheld Touchpad by Leveraging Thumb's Muscle Memory", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090083", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090083", abstract = "Eyes-free input is desirable for ubiquitous computing, since interacting with mobile and wearable devices often competes for visual attention with other devices and tasks. In this paper, we explore eyes-free typing on a touchpad using one thumb, wherein a user taps on an imaginary QWERTY keyboard while receiving text feedback on a separate screen. Our hypothesis is that users can transfer their typing ability obtained from visible keyboards to eyes-free use. We propose two statistical decoding algorithms to infer users' eyes-free input: the absolute algorithm and the relative algorithm. The absolute algorithm infers user input based on the absolute position of touch endpoints, while the relative algorithm infers based on the vectors between successive touch endpoints. Evaluation results showed users could achieve satisfying performance with both algorithms. Text entry rate was 17-23 WPM (words per minute) depending on the algorithm used. In comparison, a baseline cursor-based text entry method yielded only 7.66 WPM. In conclusion, our research demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of thumb-based eyes-free typing, which provides a new possibility for text entry on ubiquitous computing platforms such as smart TVs and HMDs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "18", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Maag:2017:SMH, author = "Balz Maag and Zimu Zhou and Olga Saukh and Lothar Thiele", title = "{SCAN}: Multi-Hop Calibration for Mobile Sensor Arrays", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090084", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090084", abstract = "Urban air pollution monitoring with mobile, portable, low-cost sensors has attracted increasing research interest for their wide spatial coverage and affordable expenses to the general public. However, low-cost air quality sensors not only drift over time but also suffer from cross-sensitivities and dependency on meteorological effects. Therefore calibration of measurements from low-cost sensors is indispensable to guarantee data accuracy and consistency to be fit for quantitative studies on air pollution. In this work we propose sensor array network calibration (SCAN), a multi-hop calibration technique for dependent low-cost sensors. SCAN is applicable to sets of co-located, heterogeneous sensors, known as sensor arrays, to compensate for cross-sensitivities and dependencies on meteorological influences. SCAN minimizes error accumulation over multiple hops of sensor arrays, which is unattainable with existing multi-hop calibration techniques. We formulate SCAN as a novel constrained least-squares regression and provide a closed-form expression of its regression parameters. We theoretically prove that SCAN is free from regression dilution even in presence of measurement noise. In-depth simulations demonstrate that SCAN outperforms various calibration techniques. Evaluations on two real-world low-cost air pollution sensor datasets comprising 66 million samples collected over three years show that SCAN yields 16\% to 60\% lower error than state-of-the-art calibration techniques.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "19", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Mariakakis:2017:BSB, author = "Alex Mariakakis and Megan A. Banks and Lauren Phillipi and Lei Yu and James Taylor and Shwetak N. Patel", title = "{BiliScreen}: {Smartphone}-Based Scleral Jaundice Monitoring for Liver and Pancreatic Disorders", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090085", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090085", abstract = "Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst survival rates amongst all forms of cancer because its symptoms manifest later into the progression of the disease. One of those symptoms is jaundice, the yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to the buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice is only recognizable to the naked eye in severe stages, but a ubiquitous test using computer vision and machine learning can detect milder forms of jaundice. We propose BiliScreen, a smartphone app that captures pictures of the eye and produces an estimate of a person's bilirubin level, even at levels normally undetectable by the human eye. We test two low-cost accessories that reduce the effects of external lighting: (1) a 3D-printed box that controls the eyes' exposure to light and (2) paper glasses with colored squares for calibration. In a 70-person clinical study, we found that BiliScreen with the box achieves a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89 and a mean error of -0.09 \pm 2.76 mg/dl in predicting a person's bilirubin level. As a screening tool, BiliScreen identifies cases of concern with a sensitivity of 89.7\% and a specificity of 96.8\% with the box accessory.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "20", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Niforatos:2017:CLM, author = "Evangelos Niforatos and Caterina Cinel and Cathleen Cortis Mack and Marc Langheinrich and Geoff Ward", title = "Can Less be More?: Contrasting Limited, Unlimited, and Automatic Picture Capture for Augmenting Memory Recall", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090086", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090086", abstract = "Today's abundance1 of cheap digital storage in the form of tiny memory cards put literally no bounds on the number of images one can capture with one's digital camera or smartphone during an event. However, prior work has shown that taking many pictures may actually make us remember less of a particular event. Does automated picture taking (lifelogging) help avoid this, yet still offer to capture meaningful pictures? In this work, we investigate the effect of capture modality (i.e., limited, unlimited, automatic, and no capture) on people's ability to recall a past event - with and without the support of the pictures captured through these modalities. Our results from a field experiment with 83 participants show that capturing fewer pictures does not necessarily lead to the capture of more relevant pictures. However, when controlling for number of pictures taken, our results show that having a limited number of pictures to capture may lead to pictures with increased memory value. At the same time, automated capture failed to produce pictures that would help remember the past experience better.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "21", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Price:2017:LYL, author = "Blaine A. Price and Avelie Stuart and Gul Calikli and Ciaran Mccormick and Vikram Mehta and Luke Hutton and Arosha K. Bandara and Mark Levine and Bashar Nuseibeh", title = "Logging you, Logging me: A Replicable Study of Privacy and Sharing Behaviour in Groups of Visual Lifeloggers", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090087", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090087", abstract = "Low cost digital cameras in smartphones and wearable devices make it easy for people to automatically capture and share images as a visual lifelog. Having been inspired by a US campus based study that explored individual privacy behaviours of visual lifeloggers, we conducted a similar study on a UK campus, however we also focussed on the privacy behaviours of groups of lifeloggers. We argue for the importance of replicability and therefore we built a publicly available toolkit, which includes camera design, study guidelines and source code. Our results show some similar sharing behaviour to the US based study: people tried to preserve the privacy of strangers, but we found fewer bystander reactions despite using a more obvious camera. In contrast, we did not find a reluctance to share images of screens but we did find that images of vices were shared less. Regarding privacy behaviours in groups of lifeloggers, we found that people were more willing to share images of people they were interacting with than of strangers, that lifelogging in groups could change what defines a private space, and that lifelogging groups establish different rules to manage privacy for those inside and outside the group.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "22", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Sapiezynski:2017:IPP, author = "Piotr Sapiezynski and Arkadiusz Stopczynski and David Kofoed Wind and Jure Leskovec and Sune Lehmann", title = "Inferring Person-to-person Proximity Using {WiFi} Signals", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090089", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090089", abstract = "Today's societies are enveloped in an ever-growing telecommunication infrastructure. This infrastructure offers important opportunities for sensing and recording a multitude of human behaviors. Human mobility patterns are a prominent example of such a behavior which has been studied based on cell phone towers, Bluetooth beacons, and WiFi networks as proxies for location. While mobility is an important aspect of human behavior, it is also crucial to study physical interactions among individuals. Sensing proximity that enables social interactions on a large scale is a technical challenge and many commonly used approaches-including RFID badges or Bluetooth scanning-offer only limited scalability. Here we show that it is possible, in a scalable and robust way, to accurately infer person-to-person physical proximity from the lists of WiFi access points measured by smartphones carried by the two individuals. Based on a longitudinal dataset of approximately 800 participants with ground-truth Bluetooth proximity collected over a year, we show that our model performs better than the current state-of-the-art. Our results demonstrate the value of WiFi signals as a tool for social sensing and show how collections of WiFi data pose a potential threat to privacy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "24", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Sicong:2017:UBL, author = "Liu Sicong and Zhou Zimu and Du Junzhao and Shangguan Longfei and Jun Han and Xin Wang", title = "{UbiEar}: Bringing Location-independent Sound Awareness to the Hard-of-hearing People with {Smartphones}", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090082", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090082", abstract = "Non-speech sound-awareness is important to improve the quality of life for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people. DHH people, especially the young, are not always satisfied with their hearing aids. According to the interviews with 60 young hard-of-hearing students, a ubiquitous sound-awareness tool for emergency and social events that works in diverse environments is desired. In this paper, we design UbiEar, a smartphone-based acoustic event sensing and notification system. Core techniques in UbiEar are a light-weight deep convolution neural network to enable location-independent acoustic event recognition on commodity smartphons, and a set of mechanisms for prompt and energy-efficient acoustic sensing. We conducted both controlled experiments and user studies with 86 DHH students and showed that UbiEar can assist the young DHH students in awareness of important acoustic events in their daily life.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "17", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Soha:2017:ILP, author = "Rostaminia Soha and Mayberry Addison and Ganesan Deepak and Marlin Benjamin and Gummeson Jeremy", title = "{iLid}: Low-power Sensing of Fatigue and Drowsiness Measures on a Computational Eyeglass", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090088", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090088", abstract = "The ability to monitor eye closures and blink patterns has long been known to enable accurate assessment of fatigue and drowsiness in individuals. Many measures of the eye are known to be correlated with fatigue including coarse-grained measures like the rate of blinks as well as fine-grained measures like the duration of blinks and the extent of eye closures. Despite a plethora of research validating these measures, we lack wearable devices that can continually and reliably monitor them in the natural environment. In this work, we present a low-power system, iLid, that can continually sense fine-grained measures such as blink duration and Percentage of Eye Closures (PERCLOS) at high frame rates of 100fps. We present a complete solution including design of the sensing, signal processing, and machine learning pipeline; implementation on a prototype computational eyeglass platform; and extensive evaluation under many conditions including illumination changes, eyeglass shifts, and mobility. Our results are very encouraging, showing that we can detect blinks, blink duration, eyelid location, and fatigue-related metrics such as PERCLOS with less than a few percent error.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "23", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Talla:2017:BFC, author = "Vamsi Talla and Bryce Kellogg and Shyamnath Gollakota and Joshua R. Smith", title = "Battery-Free Cellphone", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090090", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090090", abstract = "We present the first battery-free cellphone design that consumes only a few micro-watts of power. Our design can sense speech, actuate the earphones, and switch between uplink and downlink communications, all in real time. Our system optimizes transmission and reception of speech while simultaneously harvesting power which enables the battery-free cellphone to operate continuously. The battery-free device prototype is built using commercial-off-the-shelf components on a printed circuit board. It can operate on power that is harvested from RF signals transmitted by a basestation 31 feet (9.4 m) away. Further, using power harvested from ambient light with tiny photodiodes, we show that our device can communicate with a basestation that is 50 feet (15.2 m) away. Finally, we perform the first Skype call using a battery-free phone over a cellular network, via our custom bridged basestation. This we believe is a major leap in the capability of battery-free devices and a step towards a fully functional battery-free cellphone.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "25", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Tang:2017:HLT, author = "Lie Ming Tang and Judy Kay", title = "Harnessing Long Term Physical Activity Data --- How Long-term Trackers Use Data and How an Adherence-based Interface Supports New Insights", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090091", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090091", abstract = "Increasingly, people are amassing long term physical activity data which could play an important role for reflection. However, it is not clear if and how existing trackers use their long term data and incomplete data is a potential challenge. We introduced the notion of adherence to design iStuckWithIt, a custom calendar display that integrates and embeds daily adherence (days with data and days without), hourly adherence (hours of wear each day) and goal adherence (days people achieved their activity goals). Our study of 21 long term FitBit users (average: 23 months, 17 over 1 year) began with an interview about their use and knowledge of long term physical activity data followed by a think-aloud use of iStuckWithIt and a post-interview. Our participants gained new insights about their wearing patterns and they could then use this to overcome problems of missing data, to gain insights about their physical activity and goal achievement. This work makes two main contributions: new understanding of the ways that long term trackers have used and understand their data; the design and evaluation of iStuckWithIt demonstrating that people can gain new insights through designs that embed daily, hourly adherence data with goal adherence.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "26", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Trinh:2017:RRC, author = "H. Trinh and R. Asadi and D. Edge and T. Bickmore", title = "{RoboCOP}: A Robotic Coach for Oral Presentations", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090092", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090092", abstract = "Rehearsing in front of a live audience is invaluable when preparing for important presentations. However, not all presenters take the opportunity to engage in such rehearsal, due to time constraints, availability of listeners who can provide constructive feedback, or public speaking anxiety. We present RoboCOP, an automated anthropomorphic robot head that acts as a coach to provide spoken feedback during presentation rehearsals at both the individual slide and overall presentation level. The robot offers conversational coaching on three key aspects of presentations: speech quality, content coverage, and audience orientation. The design of the feedback strategies was informed by findings from an exploratory study with academic professionals who were experienced in mentoring students on their presentations. In a within-subjects study comparing RoboCOP to visual feedback and spoken feedback without a robot, the robotic coach was shown to lead to significant improvement in the overall experience of presenters. Results of a second within-subjects evaluation study comparing RoboCOP with existing rehearsal practices show that our system creates a natural, interactive, and motivating rehearsal environment that leads to improved presentation quality.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "27", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Weigel:2017:DDI, author = "Martin Weigel and J{\"u}rgen Steimle", title = "{DeformWear}: Deformation Input on Tiny Wearable Devices", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090093", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090093", abstract = "Due to their small surfaces, wearable devices make existing techniques for touch input very challenging. This paper proposes deformation input on a tiny and soft surface as an input modality for wearable computing devices. We introduce DeformWear, tiny wearable devices that leverage single-point deformation input on various body locations. Despite the small input surface, DeformWear enables expressive and precise input using high-resolution pressure, shear, and pinch deformations. We present a first set of interaction techniques for tiny deformation-sensitive wearable devices. They enable fluid interaction in a large input space by combining multiple dimensions of deformation. We demonstrate their use in seven application examples, showing DeformWear as a standalone input device and as a companion device for smartwatches, head-mounted displays, or headphones. Results from a user study demonstrate that these tiny devices allow for precise and expressive interactions on many body locations, in standing and walking conditions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "28", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Wu:2017:GPA, author = "Chenshu Wu and Jingao Xu and Zheng Yang and Nicholas D. Lane and Zuwei Yin", title = "Gain Without Pain: Accurate {WiFi}-based Localization using Fingerprint Spatial Gradient", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090094", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090094", abstract = "Among numerous indoor localization systems proposed during the past decades, WiFi fingerprint-based localization has been one of the most attractive solutions, which is known to be free of extra infrastructure and specialized hardware. However, current WiFi fingerprinting suffers from a pivotal problem of RSS fluctuations caused by unpredictable environmental dynamics. The RSS variations lead to severe spatial ambiguity and temporal instability in RSS fingerprinting, both impairing the location accuracy. To overcome such drawbacks, we propose fingerprint spatial gradient (FSG), a more stable and distinctive form than RSS fingerprints, which exploits the spatial relationships among the RSS fingerprints of multiple neighbouring locations. As a spatially relative form, FSG is more resistant to RSS uncertainties. Based on the concept of FSG, we design novel algorithms to construct FSG on top of a general RSS fingerprint database and then propose effective FSG matching methods for location estimation. Unlike previous works, the resulting system, named ViVi, yields performance gain without the pains of introducing extra information or additional service restrictions or assuming impractical RSS models. Extensive experiments in different buildings demonstrate that ViVi achieves great performance, outperforming the best among four comparative start-of-the-art approaches by 29\% in mean accuracy and 19\% in 95th percentile accuracy and outweighing the worst one by 39\% and 24\% respectively. We envision FSG as a promising supplement and alternative to existing RSS fingerprinting for future WiFi localization.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "29", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Zhang:2017:SCT, author = "Cheng Zhang and Qiuyue Xue and Anandghan Waghmare and Sumeet Jain and Yiming Pu and Sinan Hersek and Kent Lyons and Kenneth A. Cunefare and Omer T. Inan and Gregory D. Abowd", title = "{SoundTrak}: Continuous {$3$D} Tracking of a Finger Using Active Acoustics", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090095", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090095", abstract = "The small size of wearable devices limits the efficiency and scope of possible user interactions, as inputs are typically constrained to two dimensions: the touchscreen surface. We present SoundTrak, an active acoustic sensing technique that enables a user to interact with wearable devices in the surrounding 3D space by continuously tracking the finger position with high resolution. The user wears a ring with an embedded miniature speaker sending an acoustic signal at a specific frequency (e.g., 11 kHz), which is captured by an array of miniature, inexpensive microphones on the target wearable device. A novel algorithm is designed to localize the finger's position in 3D space by extracting phase information from the received acoustic signals. We evaluated SoundTrak in a volume of space (20cm $ \times $ 16cm $ \times $ 11cm) around a smartwatch, and show an average accuracy of 1.3 cm. We report on results from a Fitts' Law experiment with 10 participants as the evaluation of the real-time prototype. We also present a set of applications which are supported by this 3D input technique, and show the practical challenges that need to be addressed before widespread use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "30", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Zhao:2017:MAM, author = "Nan Zhao and Asaph Azaria and Joseph A. Paradiso", title = "Mediated Atmospheres: A Multimodal Mediated Work Environment", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090096", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090096", abstract = "Atmosphere --- the sensorial qualities of a space, shaped by the composition of light, sound, objects, people, etc. --- has remarkable influence on our experiences and behavior. Manipulating it has been shown to be powerful, affecting cognitive performance, mood and even physiology, our work envisions and implements a smart office prototype, capable of digitally transforming its atmosphere --- creating what we call Mediated Atmospheres (MA) --- using computationally controlled lighting, video projection and sound. Additionally, we equipped this space with a modular real-time data collection infrastructure, integrating a set of biosignal sensors. Through a user study (N=29) we demonstrate MA's effects on occupants' ability to focus and to recover from a stressful situation. Our evaluation is based on subjective measurements of perception, as well as objective measurements, extracted from recordings of heart rate variability and facial features. We compare multiple signal processing approaches for quantifying changes in occupant physiological state. Our findings show that MA significantly \ldots{}", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "31", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Zhao:2017:SAC, author = "Ru Zhao and Vivian Li and Hugo Barbosa and Gourab Ghoshal and Mohammed Ehsan Hoque", title = "Semi-Automated 8 Collaborative Online Training Module for Improving Communication Skills", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "2017", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3090097", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:10:55 MDT 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3090097", abstract = "This paper presents a description and evaluation of the ROC Speak system, a platform that allows ubiquitous access to communication skills training. ROC Speak (available at rocspeak.com) enables anyone to go to a website, record a video, and receive feedback on smile intensity, body movement, volume modulation, filler word usage, unique word usage, word cloud of the spoken words, in addition to overall assessment and subjective comments by peers. Peer comments are automatically ranked and sorted for usefulness and sentiment (i.e., positive vs. negative). We evaluated the system with a diverse group of 56 online participants for a 10-day period. Participants submitted responses to career oriented prompts every other day. The participants were randomly split into two groups: (1) treatment --- full feedback from the ROC Speak system; (2) control --- written feedback from online peers. When judged by peers \ldots{}", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "32", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", } @Article{Nandakumar:2017:CAI, author = "Rajalakshmi Nandakumar and Alex Takakuwa and Tadayoshi Kohno and Shyamnath Gollakota", title = "{CovertBand}: Activity Information Leakage using Music", journal = j-IMWUT, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "87:1--87:24", month = "????", year = "2017", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Aug 25 15:07:55 2017", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/imwut.bib", URL = "http://musicattacks.cs.washington.edu/activity-information-leakage.pdf", abstract = "This paper contributes a novel method for low-cost, covert physical sensing and, by doing so, surfaces new privacy threats. We demonstrate how a smartphone and portable speaker playing music with embedded, inaudible signals can track multiple individuals' locations and activities both within a room and through barriers in 2D space. We achieve this by transforming a smartphone into an active sonar system that emits a combination of a sonar pulse and music and listens to the reflections off of humans in the environment. Our implementation, CovertBand, monitors minute changes to these reflections to track multiple people concurrently and to recognize different types of motion, leaking information about where people are in addition to what they may be doing. We evaluated CovertBand by running experiments in five homes in the Seattle area, showing that we can localize both single and multiple individuals through barriers. These tests show CovertBand can track walking subjects with a mean tracking error of 18 cm and subjects moving at a fixed position with an accuracy of 8 cm at up to 6 m in line-of-sight and 3 m through barriers. We test a variety of rhythmic mot ions such as pumping arms, jumping, and supine pelvic tilts in through-wall scenarios and show that they produce discernibly different spectrograms from walking in the acoustic reflections. In tests with 33 subjects, we also show that even in ideal scenarios, listeners were unlikely to detect a CovertBand attack", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, articleno = "87", fjournal = "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)", journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1566", keywords = "active sonar; information leakage; motion tracking; music processing", }