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Volume 5, Number 1--2, May, 1946Anonymous Inleiding 1946. (Dutch) [Introduction 1946] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3--5 Anonymous Ten geleide 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6--8 Anonymous Introduction 1946 . . . . . . . . . . . 9--11 Anonymous Introduction 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . 12--14 Anonymous Introduction 1946 . . . . . . . . . . . 15--17 Anonymous Un mot d'introduction (1940). (French) [A Word of Introduction (1940)] . . . . 18--20 Anonymous The course of synthese . . . . . . . . . 21--24 Anonymous Otto Neurath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24--25 N. Westendorp Boerma Empirie in de ethiek. (Dutch) [Empire in ethics] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26--35 G. Mannoury In memoriam Jac. Van Ginneken S.J. . . . 35--37 G. M. Boekbespreking. (Dutch) [Book Review] 38--43 Anonymous Introductory remarks . . . . . . . . . . 44--44 Anonymous The international science co-operation service plan (ISCS) . . . . . . . . . . 46--51 Signed V. Valkov Translation of an introductory letter for \booktitleSynthese from His Excellency the Ambassador of the U.S.S.R. at the Hague . . . . . . . . . 52--52 Anonymous Translation of a letter from the Vice-President of the Section History, Economics and Philosophy of the VOKS (Moscow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52--52 Anonymous Stalin on science . . . . . . . . . . . 55--56 academician Peter Kapitsa New year statement . . . . . . . . . . . 56--56 Sergei Vavilov Twenty-eight years of Soviet science . . 57--59 Academician P. Lyashchenko Moscow --- centre of Soviet research in economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59--60 Anonymous Soviet researchers study English history 61--61 Anonymous Book reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62--62 Mary van Kleeck and Mary L. Fleddérus Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63--64 Anonymous Technology and livelihood . . . . . . . 64--65 Anonymous The nature of technological changes in basic industries . . . . . . . . . . . . 65--70 Anonymous Pour une meilleure comprehension mutuelle. (French) [For better mutual understanding] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71--71 Anonymous Le champ d'activité de la revue néerlandaise ``\booktitleSynthese'' et du ``Groupe international pour l'\`etude de la linguistique psychologique''. (French) [The field of activity of the Dutch journal ``\booktitleSynthesis'' and the `International Group for the Study of Psychological Linguistics'] . . 72--76 Otto Neurath After six years . . . . . . . . . . . . 77--82 K. Reach The foundations of our knowledge . . . . 83--86 Hilda Geiringer ``Falsification'' and theory of errors 86--89 M. Strauss Ist Die Limes--Theorie Der Wahrscheinlichkeit Eine Sinnvolle Idealisation?. (German) [Is The Limes-Theory of Probability a Meaningful Idea?] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90--91 E. Beth Discussion: On the interpretation of probability calculi: Ernest Nagel . . . 92--95 L. Susan Stebbing Book review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95--95 Anonymous Editors: The International Society for the Study of Significs (Amsterdam) . . . 96--96 Anonymous Inleiding tot een inleiding. (Dutch) [Introduction to an introduction] . . . 97--100 Anonymous English Version . . . . . . . . . . . . 101--101 Anonymous Introduction to an introduction . . . . 102--104
Anonymous Algemeen gedeelte --- general part --- partie générale . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107--107 Anonymous Inaugural address . . . . . . . . . . . 108--115 Huberthrinin Ambassade de France aux Pays-Bas. (French) [Embassy of France in The Netherlands] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116--116 Anonymous Section Française. (French) [French section] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117--117 Raymond Polin La sociologie française pendant la guerre. (French) [French sociology during the war] . . . . . . . . . . . . 117--129 Henri Lévy-Bruhl Le centre d'études sociologiques. (French) [The Center for Sociological Studies] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130--132 Anonymous Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie. (French) [International Journal of Sociology] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133--133 Dorothy M. Emmet Philosophy and ``the unity of knowledge'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134--137 Michael Polanyi Science and reality . . . . . . . . . . 137--150 Mary van Kleeck Towards an industrial sociology . . . . 151--155 S. Dobrogayev The science of speech and thought . . . 156--161 V. L. Komarov Two hundred and twenty years of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences . . . . . . 161--166 Academician I. A. Traehtenberg I. Soviet economists on the problem of cycles and crises . . . . . . . . . . . 167--169 Anonymous The Tenth Plenary Meeting of the Union of Soviet Writers . . . . . . . . . . . 170--173 Anonymous New books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173--173 W. M. Kruseman Aspecten der Moderne Biologie in Nederland. (German) [Aspects of Modern Biology in The Netherlands] . . . . . . 174--181 W. M. Kruseman Aspects of the Study of Modern Biology in The Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . 181--182 Anonymous Short Report of the Second Meeting held on Saturday Afternoon February 1st 1941 183--186 E. W. Beth Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187--187 Anonymous British section . . . . . . . . . . . . 188--188
Anonymous Second International Significal Summer Conference 1946 . . . . . . . . . . . . 191--191 Anonymous Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192--192 Anonymous Inaugural address . . . . . . . . . . . 193--200 L. E. J. Brouwer Synopsis of the signific movement in The Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201--208 Anonymous Concluding speech . . . . . . . . . . . 209--212 André Mercier Lois de la Nature et Constructions de l'Esprit. (French) [Laws of Nature and Constructions of the Spirit] . . . . . . 213--220 Friedrich Waismann The many-level-structure of language . . 221--229 Anonymous The Institute of General Semantics . . . 230--231 J. J. M. Reesinck On Korzybski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231--236 Earle A. Pritchard Everyday language and the structure of our total response system . . . . . . . 236--242 A. Udaltsov The main tasks of Soviet historical science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243--244 Anonymous The development of Russian economic thought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245--251 Anonymous Bibliography. List of main works on Russian history published between 1940 and 1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251--253 Anonymous Henri Bergson . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254--257 Evert W. Beth Historical studies in traditional philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258--270 H. Meyer On definitions in symbolic logic . . . . 271--276 Anonymous Section: International students contact 277--280
Anonymous Bij de Jaarwisseling. (Dutch) [At the Annual Exchange] . . . . . . . . . . . . 283--284 Anonymous At the turning of the year . . . . . . . 284--285 Anonymous \`A l'occasion du renouvellement de l'année. (French) [On the occasion of the renewal of the year] . . . . . . . . . . 285--286 Anonymous Avant-propos. (French) [Foreword] . . . 287--287 Anonymous Unité et méthode dans la science. (French) [Unity and method in science] . . . . . 288--295 Charles W. Morris Science and discourse . . . . . . . . . 296--308 Georges Bourgin Le ``droit au travail'' et la révolution de 1848 en France. (French) [The ``right to work'' and the Revolution of 1848 in France] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309--315 Dorothy M. Emmet Importance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316--320 P. Bernays Quelques points de vue concernant le probl\`eme de l'évidence. (French) [Some points of view concerning the problem of the evidence] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321--326 Brugt H. Kazemier Remarks on logical positivism . . . . . 327--332 N. Westendorp Boerma On the nature of moral judging . . . . . 332--338 J. Clay Laws and principles . . . . . . . . . . 338--348 G. Mannoury Die Révész'sche Sprachgenetik Aufforderungsfunktion und Imperativsprache. (German) [The Révész linguistic genetics response function and imperative language] . . . . . . . . 348--351 H. Meyer On definitions in symbolic logic . . . . 353--361 Anonymous Erratum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361--361
Arnold Reymond De l'unité et de la méthode dans les sciences. (French) [Of unity and method in science] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365--378 Ferdinand Gonseth Sur les buts et la méthode de la philosophie des sciences. (French) [On the Goals and Method of the Philosophy of Science] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379--389 Paul Reiwald Die Massenpsychologie im Dienste des Wiederaufbaus. (German) [Mass psychology in the service of reconstruction] . . . 390--394 P. Vychinski Histoire de la philosophie. (French) [History of Philosophy] . . . . . . . . 395--410 l'académicien S. I. Vavilov Les principaux probl\`emes qui seront étudiés par l'Académie des sciences pendant le quinquennat en cours. (French) [The main problems to be studied by the Academy of Sciences during the current quinquennium] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411--421 S. N. Gorelov Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov . . . . . . . . 422--424 Anonymous History I. The principal problems of history in the U.S.S.R. . . . . . . . . 425--429 Anonymous New book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429--429 A. J. Westerman Holstijn Psychoanalysis and totality-psychologies 431--440 D. Van Dantzig General procedures of empirical science 441--455
Anonymous Aspecten en prospecten. (Dutch) [Aspects and prospects] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461--471 Anonymous Congr\`es de Berne. (French) [Congress of Berne] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473--485 J. Clay Unité et méthode dans la science. (French) [Unity and method in science] . . . . . 486--498 Academician I. Vinogradov Soviet mathematicians . . . . . . . . . 499--503 A. Smirnov Book Review: B. M. Teplov. ``\booktitlePsychology'' . . . . . . . . 503--505 Prof. Y. P. Frolov Russian scientists and philosophers . . 506--510 G. Mannoury Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511--513 Anonymous G. Mannoury's reply to the address delivered by L. E. J. Brouwer on the occasion of his honorary doctorate on September 16th, 1946 . . . . . . . . . . 514--515 Anonymous Commemoration of the graduation day of Prof. Dr. L. E. J. Brouwer, February 19, 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516--518 Anonymous The relativistic standpoint with regard to the foundation of mathematics . . . . 519--521 Anonymous Sociobiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522--525 T. T. ten Have Essentials of Heymans' philosophy . . . 526--541 Evert W. Beth Logical and psychological aspects in the consideration of language . . . . . . . 542--544
Anonymous Ten Geleide. (Dutch) [Guided] . . . . . 5--10 Anonymous Congr\`es de Berne (11, 12 et 13 avril 1946). (French) [Congress of Berne (11, 12 and 13 April 1946)] . . . . . . . . . 11--11 Rolin Wavre La vie de l'esprit dans les mathématiques. (French) [The Life of the Mind in Mathematics] . . . . . . . . . . 12--24 Hans König Ueber die Methoden der Physik. (German) [On the methods of physics] . . . . . . 25--43 F. E. Lehmann Objekt und Methode in der Biologie. (German) [Object and method in biology] 44--56 J. Roguinski, Licencié \`es-sciences biologiques La science soviétique dans la lutte contre le racisme. (French) [Soviet science in the fight against racism] . . 59--68 Prof. A. A. Maximov Russian scientists and philosophers . . 69--71 Anonymous In the Institute of Philosophy, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences . . . . . . . . . . 71--71 Anonymous New books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72--73 Anonymous Communication de la fondation ``Pour La Science'' Centre International de Synth\`ese (Paris). (French) [Communication from the Foundation ``For Science'' International Center for Synthesis (Paris)] . . . . . . . . . . . 77--77 C. F. P. Stutterheim Signifique et linguistique. (French) [Significant and linguistic] . . . . . . 81--88 C. W. Mönnich Some observations on the character of the Christian dogma . . . . . . . . . . 89--98 Anonymous The Synthese-Series and the International Book-Committee . . . . . . 101--106
Anonymous The Third International Significal Summer Conference ('s-Graveland, Netherlands, August 1947), Significs and ``Synthese'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113--121 Anonymous Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122--127 Jean Piaget Du Rapport des Sciences avec la Philosophie. (French) [From the Report of Science to Philosophy] . . . . . . . 130--150 Emil J. Walter Die Bedeutung der Tiefenpsychologie für die geschichtliche und soziologische Forschung. (German) [The significance of depth psychology for historical and sociological research] . . . . . . . . . 152--156 Anonymous Institute for the Unity of Science . . . 158--159 Philipp Frank The Institute for the Unity of Science 160--167 Sergei Vavilov Elections to the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170--173 Ranyard West Fixed laws of the mind and their control in the interests of peace . . . . . . . 176--181 Claude A. Claremont Psychic conditions of social happiness 182--188 Anonymous Address delivered on September 16th, 1946, at the University of Amsterdam by Professor L. E. J. Brouwer on the conferment upon Professor G. Mannoury of the honorary degree of Doctor of Science (English version) . . . . . . . . . . . 190--194 Evert W. Beth Book review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195--195 Anonymous The Synthese-Series and the International Book-Committee . . . . . . 198--199
Academician I. Meshchaninov New teachings concerning language at its present stage of development . . . . . . 204--212 A. N. J. den Hollander As others see us . . . . . . . . . . . . 214--237 G. Mannoury A pioneer of theological significs . . . 239--241 E. W. Beth Actes du IIIe Congr\`es des Sociétés de Philosophie de Langue française. (French) [Proceedings of the III Congress of the Societies of French Language Philosophy] 244--245 Mieczyslaw Choynowski Life of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . 248--251 Anonymous International journals . . . . . . . . . 254--256 W. B. and V. Book reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257--262
Anonymous A retrospect on the occasion of the Boole--De Morgan centenary . . . . . . . 267--267 E. W. Beth The origin and growth of symbolic logic 268--274 Arend Heyting Formal logic and mathematics . . . . . . 275--282 Robert Feys Logique formalisée et philosophie. (French) [Formal Logic and Philosophy] 283--298 Jean-Louis Destouches Logique et Réalité. (French) [Logic and Reality] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300--304 J. Clay The problem of reality . . . . . . . . . 305--316 Sergei Vavilov Thirty years of Soviet science . . . . . 318--329 Georges Bourgin Idées, Mots, Langues en Politique et en Diplomatie. (French) [Ideas, Words, Languages in Politics and Diplomacy] . . 332--335 Herman Meyer Some aspects of modern philosophy . . . 338--355
Anonymous New ways in international co-operation 361--365 Anonymous Voies Nouvelles dans la Coopération Internationale. (French) [News Channels in International Cooperation] . . . . . 366--370 Jhr. Dr. C. J. A. de Ranitz Inaugural speech (Third International Significal Summer Conference) . . . . . 371--371 Anonymous Fourth International Significal Summer Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372--374 Anonymous La Quatri\`eme Conférence d'été Internationale de Linguistique Psychologique. (French) [The Fourth International Summer Conference on Psychological Linguistics] . . . . . . . 375--377 Anonymous On Unesco's scientific work . . . . . . 378--380 Philipp Frank Science teaching and the humanities . . 382--410 Hans Fischer Einheit und Methode in der Biologie. (German) [Unit and method in biology] 412--418 P. H. Esser On word-fact relations . . . . . . . . . 420--425 M. Lietaert Peerbolte M. D. Morals, ethics, ideals . . . . . . . . . 426--457 Friedrich Waismann Logische und psychologische Aspekte in der Sprachbetrachtung. (German) [Logical and psychological aspects in the speech view] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460--475 Albert Daan The idea of freedom . . . . . . . . . . 476--486 F. Denk Sprache, Modell und Exaktheit. (German) [Language, model and accuracy] . . . . . 487--494 J. Ridder Logic of propositions . . . . . . . . . 496--502 Anonymous International journals . . . . . . . . . 504--507 H. Meyer and E. W. Beth Book reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510--514 Anonymous New books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515--515 Anonymous Polish Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518--518 Anonymous Centre d'Études Sociologiques. (French) [Center for Sociological Studies] . . . 519--520
Anonymous Logical Empiricism . . . . . . . . . . . 457--457 Phillipp Frank Logical Empiricism I . . . . . . . . . . 458--465 J. Clay Postscript by Prof. Clay . . . . . . . . 465--465 D. Rynin Remarks on M. Schlick's essay ``\booktitlePositivism and realism'' . . 466--477 M. Schlick Positivism and realism . . . . . . . . . 478--505 Karl Wolfgang Deutsch Some notes on research on the role of models in the natural and social sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506--533 Emil J. Walter Individuum, Gesellschaft und Staat. (German) [Individual, society and state] 536--549 Henri Lévy-Bruhl Le plus ancien testament romain. (French) [The oldest Roman testament] 552--553 L. Kopelmanas Les conditions sociologiques de la proscription de la guerre. (French) [The sociological conditions of the proscription of war] . . . . . . . . . . 554--557 J. Clay The concept of evolution . . . . . . . . 560--574
G. Mannoury Clay as a philosopher . . . . . . . . . 1--2 H. den Hartog Clay's work on cosmic rays . . . . . . . 3--5 C. J. Ducasse Reality, science, and metaphysics . . . 9--21 Marie L. Neurath Report on the last years of Isotype work 22--27 Philipp Frank Introduction to the philosophy of physical science, on the basis of logical empiricism . . . . . . . . . . . 28--45 Pius Servien Langage, Mathématiques et Observables. (French) [Language, mathematics and observables] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49--53 Emil J. Walter Ideal- Und Realtypen Der Planwirtschaft. (German) [Ideal And Reality Types of Planned Economy] . . . . . . . . . . . . 54--64 Axel L. Stern Remarks on two chapters of Laotse's \booktitleTao Teh Ching . . . . . . . . 65--69 Justus Meyer Contingency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73--90 Norman M. Martin Book review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93--94 P. H. Esser Inaugural address and general survey of the programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101--107 Count Schimmelpenninck Words of greeting by the Burgomaster of 's-Graveland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108--108 G. Mannoury Introduction \`a l'étude de langages microscopiques. (French) [Introduction to the study of microscopic languages] 111--112 Paulette Destouches-Fevrier Syst\`emes microscopiques et langage microphysique. (French) [Microscopic systems and microphysical language] . . 113--119 Louis Rougier Différents niveaux d'intersubjectivité du langage. (French) [Different levels of intersubjectivity of language] . . . . . 120--129 Pius Servien Le langage des sciences. (French) [The Language of Science] . . . . . . . . . . 130--133 David L. Szekely Metarelation und Kalkuelengenetik. (German) [Metarelation and calculus genetics] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134--147 Franz Denk Das A--B--C der Sprache und das A--B--C der Gedanken. (German) [The A--B--C of language and the A--B--C of thoughts] 148--154 Jean-Louis Destouches Probl\`emes psycho-linguistiques en physique moderne. (French) [Psycho-linguistic problems in modern physics] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155--166 Wilhelm Britzelmayr Über die Verständlichkeit formalisierter Sprachen. (German) [On the comprehensibility of formalized languages] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167--171 W. M. Kruseman Gradation of language in biological systematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175--181 Anatol Rapoport Mathematical biophysics, cybernetics and significs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182--193 V. Westhoff An analysis of some concepts and terms in vegetation study or phytocenology . . 194--206 Henri Levy-Bruhl Objet et méthode de la science juridique. (French) [Purpose and method of legal science] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209--212 N. Westendorp Boerma Collective guilt . . . . . . . . . . . . 213--221 Georges Bourgin La méthode empirique en sociologie. (French) [The empirical method in sociology] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222--224 Herman Tönnessen The fight against revelation in semantical studies . . . . . . . . . . . 225--234 Axel L. Stern In defence of non-metaphysical ethics 235--237 P. H. Esser M. D. Is it possible to verify statements by non-verbal testing methods? . . . . . . 238--242 P. H. Esser Final address . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243--246 P. W. Bridgman The operational aspect of meaning . . . 251--259 Henry Margenau and John Compton Report on recent developments in the philosophy of quantum mechanics . . . . 260--271 C. J. Ducasse Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?. (French) [What is philosophy?] . . . . . . . . . 272--286 Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz Logic and experience . . . . . . . . . . 289--299 Andrzej Grzegorczyk The pragmatic foundations of semantics 300--324 Tadeusz Kotarbinski Book reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325--327 Jeremy Bernstein P. W. Bridgman, in revolt against formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331--341 Josef Frank Modern architecture and the symbols of statics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342--349 Anonymous The Institute for the Unity of Science Essay Contest . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350--351 Robert Brown and John Watling Hypothetical statements in phenomenalism 355--366 Josef Schächter Ueber das Verstehen. (German) [On Understanding] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367--384 Emil J. Walter (II. Teil) Individuum, Gesellschaft und Staat. (German) [(Part II) Individual, Society and State] . . . . . . . . . . . 385--399 Henri Levy-Bruhl Assemblée. (French) [Assembly] . . . . . 400--406 W\ladys\law Tatarkiewicz Psychological hedonism . . . . . . . . . 409--425 Norman M. Martin and B. H. Kazemier Book reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429--431 Gustav Bergmann Two cornerstones of empiricism . . . . . 435--452 Anonymous In memoriam N. Westendorp Boerma . . . . 453--455 D. van Dantzig Carnap's foundation of probability theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459--470 J. Clay Combination of methods . . . . . . . . . 471--479 B. H. Kazemier Formal systems and mental activity . . . 480--489 J. L. Destouches Societe Française de Logique et de Philosophie des Sciences. (French) [French Society of Logic and Philosophy of Science] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490--490 Anonymous Le XIe Congres International de Philosophie. (French) [The XIth International Congress of Philosophy] 491--491