@Preamble{
"\ifx \undefined \bioname \def \bioname#1{{{\em #1\/}}} \fi" #
"\ifx \undefined \booktitle \def \booktitle #1{{{\em #1}}} \fi"
}
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
University of Utah,
Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
155 S 1400 E RM 233,
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
\path|beebe@acm.org|,
\path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}
@String{j-J-TYPOGR-RES = "The Journal of Typographic Research"}
@String{j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE = "Visible Language"}
@Article{Wrolstad:1967:PNF,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "A Prefatory Note to the First Number",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "3--4",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wiggins:1967:ETT,
author = "Richard H. Wiggins",
title = "Effects of Three Typographical Variables on Speed of
Reading",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "5--18",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Fry:1967:DMS,
author = "Edward Fry",
title = "The Diacritical Marketing System and a Preliminary
Comparison with the Initial Teaching Alphabet",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "19--30",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Prince:1967:PVH,
author = "J. H. Prince",
title = "Printing for the Visually Handicapped",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "31--47",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1967.tb03635.x",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "Reprinted with permission in The Australian Journal of
Optometry, 50(6) 164--177, June 1967.",
xxpages = "31--48",
}
@Article{Duncan:1967:LSS,
author = "C. J. Duncan",
title = "Line Scan Standards for Characters and Symbols: a
Practical Study",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "49--62",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Nadler:1967:PPO,
author = "M. Nadler",
title = "The Perspectives for Practical Optical Character
Recognition",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "63--68",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Holland:1967:TEC,
author = "F. C. Holland",
title = "Typographical Effects by Cathode Ray Tube Typesetting
Systems",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "69--79",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cowan:1967:LVC,
author = "C. I. Cowan",
title = "On-Line Visual Correction and Make-up Systems --- {I}:
Hardware",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "80--89",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Fabrizio:1967:RFS,
author = "Ralph Fabrizio and Ira Kaplan and Gilbert Teal",
title = "Readability as a Function of the Straightness of
Right-hand Margins",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "90--95",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Malkiel:1967:SULa,
author = "Yakov Malkiel",
title = "Secondary Uses of Letters in Language. [{Part I}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "96--110",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Romance Philology}, {\bf 19}
(1965).",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Romance Philology}, XIX,
1--27, by permission of The Regents of the University
of California.",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "1",
pages = "111--113",
month = jan,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Harrison:1967:CTT,
author = "Randall Harrison and Clyde D. J. Morris",
title = "Communication Theory and Typographic Research",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "115--124",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Payne:1967:RTM,
author = "Donald R. Payne",
title = "Readability of Typewritten Material; Proportional
Versus Standard Spacing",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "125--136",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Frutiger:1967:OBS,
author = "Adrian Frutiger",
title = "{OCR-B}: a Standardized Character for Optical
Recognition",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "137--146",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wheelock:1967:IVD,
author = "Warren H. Wheelock and Nicholas J. Silvaroli",
title = "An investigation of visual discrimination training for
beginning readers.",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "147--156",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Tanselle:1967:TRB,
author = "G. Thomas Tanselle",
title = "Typographic Research and Bibliography",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "157--163",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wakefield:1967:PLD,
author = "R. J. Wakefield",
title = "Print Layout and Design with a Computer {CRT} System",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "165--168",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Malkiel:1967:SULb,
author = "Yakov Malkiel",
title = "Secondary Uses of Letters in Language. [{Part II}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "169--190",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Romance Philology}, XIX,
1--27, by permission of The Regents of the University
of California.",
}
@Article{Downing:1967:CMP,
author = "John Downing",
title = "Commentary: Methodological Problems in Research on
Simplified Alphabets and Regularized Writing-Systems",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "191--201",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "With a reply by Edward Fry.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:C,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "202--203",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:BR,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Book Reviews",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "204--209",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:AJAa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and
{German}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "210--213",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "2",
pages = "214--215",
month = apr,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Pierce:1967:PIA,
author = "James Smith Pierce",
title = "Pictographs, Ideograms, and Alphabets in the Work of
{Paul Klee}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "219--244",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "Paul Klee (1879--1940), the Swiss artist who taught at
the German Bauhaus, used ancient and modern pictographs
and alphabets in many of his painting and drawings. The
discrete characters of the various systems of writing
were well adapted to Klee's unusual additive technique
by which he retained the expressive purity of the
formal elements. In the 1910's and 1920's, Klee used
roman letters to construct abstract formal patterns,
but in the 1930's he reanimated the conventional
symbols of the alphabet, turning them into active
representational figures suggestive of their
pictographic origins. His most revolutionary
achievement was the invention of bold ideograms,
combining different pictographic schemata in a set of
double images which enrich a basic idea through chains
of associated ideas, thus altering the notion of a
picture as representing a scene fixed in time and
space.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Huss:1967:CLT,
author = "Richard E. Huss",
title = "A Chronological List of Typesetting Machines and
Ancillary Equipment, 1822--1925",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "245--274",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Hutt:1968:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "The history of the development (1822--1925) of the
mechanical control of printers' type is outlined in
this chronological list of type-setting machines. Early
emphasis is on the single-type devices which
manipulated individual pieces of type; gradually matrix
machines were perfected. Also included are machines
used to supplement the typesetting process:
typecasters, direct printers, transfer or impression
devices, and material makers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hailstone:1967:SED,
author = "M. Hailstone and Jeremy J. Foster",
title = "Studies of the Efficiency of Drug Labeling",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "275--284",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "Two experiments on the effectiveness of drug-labeling
are reported. The first compared typewritten with
hand-written labels, and the second compared printed
drug-labels varying in type size, form of type and
layout (centered or ranged left). A discrimination-test
procedure was employed, the subjects having to select
specified labels from a display. The results of the
experiments showed (1) that typewritten labels were
discriminated more readily than handwritten ones, (2)
that labels printed with 10-point type were
discriminated more speedily than labels printed with
6-point type, (3) that for labels printed with 6-point
type, upper-case letterform was more easily
discriminated than lower-case letterform, (4) the
layout of the label design had no effect on
discrimination.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Frutiger:1967:TIS,
author = "Adrian Frutiger",
title = "Typography with the {IBM Selectric Composer}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "285--292",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Schmoller:1968:E,Gurtler:1968:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "The place of the IBM Selectric Composer in the
evolution of bookmaking processes is outlined: it
provides a return to directness and simplicity,
combined with the speed of mechanization. Some
restrictions and problems which the new machine poses
for the type designer are described. The article was
originally presented as a lecture at Gallery 303 in New
York City. It has been composed on the IBM Selectric
Composer in the Univers face which the author adapted
to the machine.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Weaver:1967:CP,
author = "Mike Weaver",
title = "Concrete Poetry",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "293--326",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "The origins of the Concrete movement in poetry are
briefly traced, with early manifestoes included as
appendices. Three perceptual approaches, classified as
optic, kinetic, and phonetic, are distinguished by
means of twenty-one illustrations. The emphasis falls
on the development of a new fixed form consonant with
our age.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wendt:1967:RPR,
author = "Dirk Wendt",
title = "Research in Progress: Research on Readability and
Congeniality of Print",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "327--327",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Middleton:1967:ER,
author = "R. Hunter Middleton",
title = "Exhibition Review",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "328--330",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:BRR,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Book Review: {R. C. Alston, \booktitle{A Bibliography
of the English Language from the Invention of Printing
to the Year 1800, Volume VIII: Treatises on
Short-Hand}. Printed for the author by E. J. Arnold \&
Son Limited, Leeds, England; 1966. xiii + 152 pp.
\pounds 5. 1Os}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "331--335",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:AJAb,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and
{German}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "336--338",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1967:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "3",
pages = "339--339",
month = jul,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Mathews:1967:TFC,
author = "M. V. Mathews and Carol Lochbaum and Judith A. Moss",
title = "Three Fonts of Computer-drawn Letters",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "4",
pages = "??--??",
month = oct,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "Detailed descriptions are given for three fonts of
letters. Letter shapes are entirely described by
numbers. The basic vectors are in a general form so the
fonts may be easily drawn on a variety of computers and
cathode ray tubes. The fonts include both upper- and
lower-case Roman letters, mathematical signs, and
upper- and lower-case Greek letters. Digital type
design is described. However, the principal
contribution is the fonts themselves.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bass:1967:DCN,
author = "Rudi Bass",
title = "The Development of {CBS News 36}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "4",
pages = "357--372",
month = oct,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "Production of legible typography on the television
screen is affected by technological variables unknown
to the printed media. Specific problems of type
distortion and decay in television transmission are
described. To counteract these problems the Graphic
Arts Department of CBS News experimented with various
typefaces and developed CBS News 36; research results
are illustrated and discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1967:TER,
author = "Fernand Baudin",
title = "Typography: Evolution and Revolution",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "4",
pages = "373--386",
month = oct,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See commentary \cite{Foster:1968:CPR,Baudin:1968:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "Typography is considered as a technical phase in the
evolution of handwriting. The latter in an intellectual
and rational operation and not only a skill that is
purely manual or mechanical. That is why ideas about
the legibility and intelligibility of text should be
extended to include the entire format which supports
the written matter, book or document. The technological
revolution in progress in the reproduction and
multiplication of printed matter provokes a social
revolution in the actual production of writing, and
calls for a parallel renewal of teaching --- at a
higher level --- of handwriting. Illustrations and
commentary.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wright:1967:VGE,
author = "Edward Wright and J. Collins",
title = "Vertical Group Exercises in Graphic Design",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "4",
pages = "??--??",
month = oct,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "Graphic designers traditionally have limited
experience with the direct relationship between meaning
and form in the language they use. In this experimental
project graphic design students were encouraged to
gradually refine their own individual handwritten texts
from random, personal jottings into a formal graphic
mode. Several students' work is illustrated and
commented on.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Tomohiko:1967:JC,
author = "Horie Tomohiko",
title = "{Japanese} Calligraphy",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "4",
pages = "??--??",
month = oct,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "More than any other area of the world, Japan and China
have refined the practical act of writing into a highly
expressive art form. With their roots in earlier
Chinese symbols, Japanese calligraphers have ---
through a 1300-year history --- developed a variety of
unique styles of their own. Two main classifications
are discussed: ``classical'' in which form and emotion
are closely integrated, and ``subjective'' in which
feeling takes precedence over form.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Tansell:1967:ITB,
author = "G. Thomas Tansell",
title = "Identification of Typefaces in Bibliographical
Description",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "I",
number = "4",
pages = "??--??",
month = oct,
year = "1967",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf",
abstract = "Two suggestions may be helpful to descriptive
bibliographers in working out a method for describing
the typography of a book: bibliographers should base
their measurements of type on its appearance on the
printed page rather than to infer the size of the type
body; and their system of classification of type
designs should be graduated so that different degrees
of detail can be presented under differing
circumstances and for the several periods of book
production.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wendt:1968:SDT,
author = "Dirk Wendt",
title = "Semantic Differentials of Typefaces as a Method of
Congeniality Research",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "3--25",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "The semantic differential, a technique of standardized
descriptions for various kinds of objects in order to
obtain quantitative measures of similarity, can be
applied successfully to discriminate between typefaces
and to locate them in a semantic space. Two different
semantic differentials --- a more general and a more
specific one --- yielded semantic spaces of three and
four dimensions, respectively, on independent aspects.
Results are interpreted briefly and with some caution.
The main point is the demonstration of the
applicability of this technique to typographic
problems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gurtler:1968:DE,
author = "Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler",
title = "The Design of {Egyptian 505}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "27--42",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "In 1965 the Visual Graphics Corporation organized an
international competition for new typeface designs. The
author directed his typography class at the
Kungstgewerbeschule, Basel, Switzerland, in designing a
class-project entry: Egyptian 505. The students'
training for type design is described together with the
specific development of Egyptian 505 for
photocomposition. Art school education for script and
type design is discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hinds:1968:WCT,
author = "Lillian R. Hinds and William G. Dodds",
title = "Words in Color: Two Experimental Studies",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "43--52",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "Development of the use of color as an initial added
dimension in beginning level reading is discussed,
including the exploratory studies of the Gattegno Words
in Color approach. Two experimental studies tested
Words in Color: the Dodds study with primary-school
children describes significantly superior scores in
vocabulary and spelling; the Hinds study reports
superior vocabulary and comprehension gains with
inner-city illiterate adults.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Jones:1968:RRC,
author = "F. Kenneth Jones",
title = "A Research Report on Colour Story Reading",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "53--58",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "While use of color in the various visual media has
increased enormously, typography remains essentially
black and white. Colour Story Reading was developed to
make use of color in helping children learn to read.
The theory and practice of Colour Story Reading is
discussed, including two studies testing this approach:
one showing children's preference and better
performance, and another showing superior reading
attainment in black and white after initial reading
with color.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Evers:1968:AUC,
author = "C. H. Evers",
title = "Adjustments to Unjustified Composition on the
{{\booktitle{Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad}}}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "59--74",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "On February 6, 1967, Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad
introduced unjustified composition throughout the
newspaper. The advantages and disadvantages of
unjustified newspaper composition are discussed. The
history of its innovation in Rotterdam is described and
illustrated --- including the problems, benefits, and
reception by readers. This article has been adapted
from a report to a conference on the International
Federation of Newspaper Publishers in Paris last
fall.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:AGJ,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Author's Guide to {{\booktitle{The Journal of
Typographic Research}}}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "75--100",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1968:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "101--103",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Schmoller:1968:E,
author = "Hans Schmoller",
title = "To the editor",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "103--103",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Critical comment on \cite{Frutiger:1967:TIS}. See
comments \cite{Gurtler:1968:C,Zapf:1970:C}",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "1",
pages = "104--104",
month = jan,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Smith:1968:TRM,
author = "Glendon C. Smith",
title = "Type Reading Machines for the Blind",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "107--125",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "The most advanced personal type reading machine
described provides the blind user with an aural
``spelled speech'' equivalent for each upper- and
lower-case letter or ligature scanned by a hand-held
optical probe. This character recognition machine
recognizes the most popular type fonts with moderate
accuracy and speed (80-90 words-per-minute). The
development of the hand-held probe for this machine has
resulted in a family of aural and tactile ``direct
translation'' reading aids which are pocket-sized and
battery-operated and may be used independently for
low-speed reading.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Enstrom:1968:RHR,
author = "E. A. Enstrom",
title = "Reading--handwriting Research",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "126--126",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted with kind permission from \booktitle{The
Reading Teacher}, Volume 21, Number 6 (March 1968);
1968 by International Reading Association, Newark,
Delaware 19711.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Click:1968:RRN,
author = "J. W. Click and Guido H. {Stempel III}",
title = "Reader Response to Newspaper Front-page Format",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "127--142",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "A study of responses to newspaper pages indicated that
persons may make judgments about the entire newspaper
on the basis of typography. Respondents were shown
front pages from six newspapers they had not seen
before and were asked to rate the newspapers on 20
semantic differential scales. There were significant
differences between ratings of newspapers on 12 of the
20 scales. Respondents seemed to prefer horizontal
pages and disliked symmetry.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Horowitz:1968:WFA,
author = "Leonard M. Horowitz and Margaret A. White and Douglas
W. Atwood",
title = "Words Fragments as Aids to Recall: the Organization of
a Word",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "143--156",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper discusses the organization of a single
word. It shows that the beginning of a word is the best
cue for eliciting that word; the middle is the poorest
cue. Subject was shown a list of words one by one on a
memory drum. (Some lists had six-letter words and some
had nine-letter words.) Then subject saw a fragment of
the word, and he had to recall the entire word. A
beginning fragment elicited the correst response most
readily and with the shortest latency. The middle
elicited the correst response least readily and with
the longest latency. These results are also related to
the issue of associative symmetry.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Turnbull:1968:RAA,
author = "A. T. Turnbull and David E. Carter",
title = "Readership of Advertisements with All-display
Typography",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "157--169",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "Experts differ in their opinions regarding the effect
on readership of composing an entire advertisement in
all-display typography. A sampling in Life and Ladies
Home Journal magazines from 1954 through 1965 has
revealed an upward trend in the use of such ads. To
measure the effect, correlative studies were made
relating the numbers of words to Daniel Starch
readership records. Negative correlations were found
for ``Read Most'' and ``Seen Associated'' ratings. With
inherent reader interest in the advertised product held
constant, correlations for both ratings were low. It
was concluded that all-display typography may not be
restrictive in dampening readership. However, rank
correlations of all-display product categories with
category rankings from Starch findings were so high as
to lead to the conclusion that the effect on readership
beyond the reader-interest level was not likely.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:JEE,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Journal Editor for Experimental Design",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "170--170",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Pieter Brattinga h as been named Editor for
Experimental Design for \booktitle{The Journal of
Typographic Research}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Shera:1968:DM,
author = "Jesse H. Shera and Conrad H. Rawski",
title = "The Diagram Is the Message",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "171--188",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "The diagram is a special case of picture-making. It
involves the same representational condition: the
mapping of a content in shapes which themselves possess
--- and transmit --- a characteristic content. It is
necessary to distinguish between the paradigmatic
intent and the emblematic form of a diagram. In the
postscript the error potential implicit in the
interplay of these properties is demonstrated by
examples which include the book arts.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Coleman:1968:BRS,
author = "Carroll Coleman",
title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Spiral Press through
Four Decades}}, An Exhibition of Books and Ephemera,
with a Commentary by Joseph Blumenthal. New York:
Pierpont Morgan Library, 1966. 100 pages. Clothbound
edition out of print; paperbound edition, \$2.85}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "189--193",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Taks:1968:E,
author = "J. J. Taks",
title = "To the {Editor}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "194--194",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1968:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "195--197",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "197--198",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:PA,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{{\booktitle{The Penrose Annual 1968}}}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "2",
pages = "199--199",
month = apr,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bonsiepe:1968:MQO,
author = "Gui Bonsiepe",
title = "A Method of Quantifying Order in Typographic Design",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "203--220",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "A description is given of a method to compare in
quantitative terms the degree of order of two
typographically designed pages. A distinction is made
between two kinds of order: the order of a system
(systemic order) and the order of arrangement. The
Shannon formula was used for measuring the degree of
order of the two designs --- an old version and its
redesign. It shows that a judgment based on optical
evidence can be supported by a mathematical-empirical
judgment. Possible consequences for an aesthetics based
on information theory are drawn. A design heuristic is
sketched, and the possibilities as well as limits of an
algorithmization of design decisions are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
xxtitle = "Quantifying Order in Typographic Design",
}
@Article{Mountford:1968:WA,
author = "John Mountford",
title = "`{Writing}' and `Alphabet'",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "221--232",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "The two English words ``writing'' and ``alphabet'' are
both linked to language. The notion of language is
built into ``writing,'' and the notion of writing is
built into ``alphabet.'' Different disciplines which
use these words and technical terms, use them
differently; and everyday usage is often imprecise.
Linguistics, as the science of language, can contribute
towards sorting these meanings out. A start is made in
this direction, in the belief that related disciplines
ought not to be ``divided by a common terminology.''",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Telingater:1968:SAG,
author = "Solomon B. Telingater",
title = "The Standardization of Alphabetic Graphemes",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "233--240",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "During the historic development of our national
alphabets the direct relationship between the sound of
the language and its visual symbols has become
obscured. The need for a stronger, direct relationship
between sound and symbol is discussed; a suggested
rearrangement of graphemes within our alphabet is
illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Slothouber:1968:TA,
author = "Jan Slothouber and William Graatsma",
title = "Typographic Anamorphosis",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "241--244",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "Anamorphosis, an optical phenomenon meaning ``return
of form,'' consists in the perception of a deformed
figure as a normal figure. An example of
letter-anamorphosis recently created in Holland is
discussed an illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Brown:1968:TSM,
author = "Dwight D. Brown",
title = "Towards a Standard for Measuring the Accuracy of Any
Computer-hyphenation Program",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "245--258",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "No standard of measurement yet exists to measure
computer hyphenation accuracy. The author discusses the
need for such a standard; among considerations
discussed are: word frequency, hyphenation probability,
inter-word spacing, and line expansion factors. Very
high hyphenation accuracy can be obtained if the
computer program can select the words it chooses to
hyphenate without being ``chastised'' for failing to
hyphenate where hyphenation is possible. The author
presents a series of formulas for arriving at
hyphenation accuracy ratings in hyphenation errors.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{vanderMarck:1968:PRP,
author = "Jan van der Marck",
title = "Pictures to be Read\slash Poetry to be Seen",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "259--270",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "Language and pictoral representations are increasingly
being fused in contemporary visual arts. This trend
toward a visual language --- poetic rather than
communicative --- reflects a breakdown of tradition in
all the arts. It is discussed and illustrated in terms
of the work of specific artists brought together in an
exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art,
Chicago.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Zachrisson:1968:TLR,
author = "Bror Zachrisson",
title = "The {A.Typ.I.} Legibility Research Committee",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "271--276",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:LM,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "List of Members",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "277--277",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:TXC,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{A.TYP.I XIth Congress; ICOGRADA 1968 Congress}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "278--278",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Foster:1968:CPR,
author = "Jeremy J. Foster",
title = "Commentary: Psychological Research into Legibility",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "279--282",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Baudin:1967:TER,Baudin:1968:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Welsh:1968:BRC,
author = "George S. Welsh",
title = "Book Reviews: {I. Coppersmith, Stanley (ed.).
\booktitle{Frontiers of Psychological Research:
Readings from Scientific American}. San Francisco:
Freeman and Co., 1966. 322 pages. \$10.00 (\$4.95 in
paper). 2. Gregory, R. L., \booktitle{Eye and Brain:
The Psychology of Seeing}. New York: McGraw-Hill, J
966. 254 pages. \$2.45 (paper). 3. Vernon, M. D. (ed.).
\booktitle{Experiments in Visual Perception: Selected
Readings}. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966. 443 pages.
\$1.95 (paper)}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "283--286",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:BR,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Books Received",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "287--291",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hutt:1968:C,
author = "G. Allen Hutt",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "292--292",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Huss:1967:CLT}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1968:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "293--295",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "3",
pages = "296--296",
month = jul,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Mergler:1968:OAC,
author = "H. W. Mergler and P. M. Vargo",
title = "One Approach to Computer Assisted Letter Design",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "299--322",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "ITSYLF is an interactive synthesizer of letterforms,
which can be used in the design and study of alphabets.
It is a computer assisted, operator oriented
programming system which allows a typographic designer
to enter numeric values through a keyboard and
manipulate the characteristics of the letterforms
quickly and easily. The alphabet was divided into
classes, based on geometric properties of the letters.
A set of parameters was derived that allows the
construction and manipulation of the letter shapes
based on mathematical models of the letters. A set of
programs was generated that produces a drawing of the
letter which corresponds to the current parameter
values. Examples of the effects on the letter shapes of
various sets of parameter values are presented for E,
A, D, C as well as examples of computer generated
serifs and three sets of consistant letterforms that
could be used as the basis for several new alphabets.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Moorsel:1968:TL,
author = "L. Leering-van Moorsel",
title = "The Typography of {El Lissitzky}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "323--340",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "Around 1920 there was ferment in all of the arts.
Lissitzky (1890--1941) developed his art during this
period and was influenced by such men as Malevich
(supermatism) and Tatlin (constructivism). His
typographic innovations are individualistic and connot
be classified with any single ``movement.'' Lissitzky's
work and ideas on typography --- of a pre-eminently
pictoral quality --- are summarized and illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Seybold:1968:EVC,
author = "John W. Seybold",
title = "Esthetic Values in Computerized Photocomposition",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "341--350",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "Can the computer achieve the same quality composition
as a skilled typesetter? The author identifies some
factors which contribute to successful esthetic
solutions and discusses the compromises that must be
considered, for example, in hyphenation and
justification. ``Feedback'' of information and ideas
from typographer to computer programmer is
encouraged.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Zapf:1968:CLD,
author = "Hermann Zapf",
title = "Changes in Letterforms Due to Technical Developments",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "351--368",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "A brief historical survey traces the major
technological influences on typography, beginning when
Gutenberg transferred the handwritten letters of the
medieval scribes into typographic forms, down through
the development of machine composition, both in hot
metal and photocomposition. Today new problems arise in
connenction with automated optical reading machines.
Not only must the technial requirements of computerized
composition be mastered, but we also have to consider
the demand for new alphabet designs as an expression of
our time, departing from historicizing elements of past
styles.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Emans:1968:CCA,
author = "Robert Emans",
title = "Context Clues as an Aid to the Reader",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "369--373",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
abstract = "Context clues have been referred to as the most
important single aid to word perception. The author
proposes a simplified schema to organize context clues
according to three categories for pereception of
printed words --- meaning clues, language clues, and
organization clues--and within each of the categories,
describes a number of types of context clues and gives
examples.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Flarsheim:1968:RP,
author = "Carl Flarsheim and Warren Infield and Alan Levine and
Adrienne C. McCoy",
title = "Research in Progress",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "374--378",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hoch:1968:CLW,
author = "Ernest Hoch",
title = "Commentary: Linguistics, ``Writing,'' and Typography",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "379--382",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Meyer:1968:BRS,
author = "Peter Meyer and Henry Hawley",
title = "Book Reviews: {I. Stephen Bann (Ed.).
\booktitle{Concrete Poetry. An international
anthology}. London: London Magazine Editions No. 13,
1967. 199 pages. 30s. 2. Eugene Wildman (ed.).
\booktitle{The Chicago Review Anthology of Concretism}.
Chicago: Swallow Press, 1967. 15 7 pages. \$2.00. 3.
Emmett William (Ed.). \booktitle{An Anthology of
Concrete Poetry}. New York: Something Else Press, 196
7. X + 342 pages. \$10.00 (cloth), \$3.00 (paper). John
Russell Taylor. \booktitle{The Art Nouveau Book in
Britain}. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1966, 175 pp.
\$12.95}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "383--391",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See letters \cite{HamiltonFinlay:1969:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1968:C,
author = "Fernand Baudin",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "397--397",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Baudin:1967:TER,Foster:1968:CPR}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gurtler:1968:C,
author = "Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "397--398",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Schmoller:1968:E}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Spear:1968:C,
author = "Frank Spear and Jack Stauffacher and Daniel Ford and
John Willett and Howard Paine",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "398--401",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "Negative and positive comments on the journal cover
design, with its overlapping letters.",
}
@Article{Baudin:1968:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "402--404",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:IVI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume II}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "405--407",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1968:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "II",
number = "4",
pages = "408--408",
month = oct,
year = "1968",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Meiss:1969:FAT,
author = "Millard Meiss",
title = "The First Alphabetical Treatises in the
{Renaissance}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "3--30",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Treatises on the design of the alphabet were an
innovation of the early Renaissance and reflect that
period's conception of a world ordered by numerical
proportion and geometric shape. The interrelationship
of the various men and their theories is discussed and
illustrated. Although Felice Feliciano inaugurated
these alphabetical treatises, Andrea Mantegna is shown
to have had an important place (if not key role) in the
revival of the roman letter.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Munson:1969:CRH,
author = "John H. Munson",
title = "Computer Recognition of Hand-printed Text",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "31--61",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper describes the procedures and results of a
project aimed at the computer recognition of relatively
unconstrained hand-printed texts. Scanning,
feature-extraction, and character classification
techniques are described. Novel approaches investigated
include a feature-extracting preprocessor consisting
entirely of local edge detectors, the use of
multiple-valued confidence indicators both before and
after classification, the combining of independent
preprocessor-classifier systems in parallel to achieve
improved character-recognition accuracy, and the use of
application-oriented context analysis. Two large files
of hand-printed data are described, and results
concerning their legibility are given. An extensive
bibliography in hand-printed character recognition is
included.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Crosby:1969:RMP,
author = "R. M. N. Crosby",
title = "Recognizing the Marks on Paper",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "63--78",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Relatively little is known about how a child learns to
read --- i.e., what processes go on in his mind. In
dealing with how the beginning reader learns to
differentiate graphic symbols, this article considers
several related problems: How does preschool experience
hamper the child in his initial discrimination of
letter-like forms? How does a child learn to
differentiate between letters? And between words? What
is the correlation between reading and writing? Several
reading research programs are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Shurtleff:1969:RLL,
author = "Donald Shurtleff",
title = "Relative Legibility of {Leroy and Lincoln\slash MITRE}
Fonts on Television",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "79--90",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "The legibility of standard Leroy alphanumeric symbols
was compared with that of a new font, the
Lincoln/MITRE, on a television monitor at resolutions
of 8, 10, 12 and 14 lines per symbol height. The new
font was not superior in legibility to the Leroy font
at any of the values of resolutions tested. While the
findings for the new font were negative, insights were
gained about how to improve symbol design for more
legible television displays. It was recommended that
these new design techniques be evaluated in future work
on television displays.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
xxauthor = "David Shurtleff",
}
@Article{Lindley:1969:TEE,
author = "William R. Lindley",
title = "Typographic Education. {England}: {The Working Party
on Typographic Teaching}. {USA}: Typography in
Journalism School Curricula",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "91--106",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1969:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "107--109",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "110--110",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:BNJ,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Back Numbers of the {{\booktitle{Journal}}}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "1",
pages = "111--112",
month = jan,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1969:LRN,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "Letterform Research Needs Definition and Direction: A
Report from the {Editor}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "115--126",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "With this its tenth issue, the total number of pages
published in The Journal or Typographic Research passes
1,000. This milestone would seem to provide the
opportunity for a report on the Journal and on current
letterform research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bartz:1969:TVP,
author = "Barbara S. Bartz",
title = "Type Variation and the Problem of Cartographic Type
Legibility --- {Part One}: Cartographic Typography as a
Medium for Communication; The Cartographic View of
Legibility",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "127--144",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See correspondence \cite{Zapf:1970:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "An analysis of the varied functions of lettering on
the map suggests that typographic appearance and
arrangement on the map may be viewed with respect to a
symbolic-analogic continuum. Type is considered to be:
1. Symbolic; 2. Analogic --- a. Locative analogy, b.
Quality analogy and c. Quantity analogy (or value
analogy). A review of the cartographic literature
having to do with the conception and treatment of
``legibility'' reveals that its content is derived
primarily from typographic research done in
non-cartographic context. Since it can be shown that
type on maps is unique in several ways, the
applicability of that research is questioned.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kolers:1969:CLR,
author = "Paul A. Kolers",
title = "Clues to a Letter's Recognition: Implications for the
Design of Characters",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "145--168",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Several experiments are reviewed in which orientation
of letters and direction of reading were manipulated.
The results imply that skilled reader recognize letters
by selecting clues to their identity and with these
clues construct a subjective representation of the
letters. The clue-seeking seems to be directed toward
the right-hand side of letters. This finding suggests
that typefaces might be redesigned to avoid bold
strokes weighted on their left or heavy strokes that
are all of equal weight. Some indications of where a
character begins and a sharpening of the useful detail
on the characters' right could facilitate the sampling
that yields recognition. A second implication is that
character-transmitting devices need not examine or
transmit all of a character. Reconstruction, if needed,
could be performed by the received instrument from the
clues provided by a representation of the character's
linear extent and its right-hand markings.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{DiMeo:1969:VMS,
author = "Katherine P. DiMeo",
title = "Visual-motor Skills: Response Characteristics and
Prereading Behavior",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "169--182",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Assumed facets of kindergarten subjects' visual-motor
skill were studied by an analysis of the
interrelationships in response characteristics to a set
of geometric forms. Implications for initial response
to letterforms (reading readiness) is discussed. Two
measures of intersensory equivalence were used with the
stimulus perceived through the sense of active touch
(haptics). Stimulus characteristics --- contour,
closure, size, rotation and embeddedness --- were
varied in five visual-discrimination subtexts.
Kindergarten subjects' V-M skill is significantly
related to achievement in intersensory equivalences and
in visual discrimination of geometric forms.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Rice:1969:SCT,
author = "Stanley Rice",
title = "A Standard Code for Typographic Character
Identification",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "183--192",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "An industry-wide standard code to identify typographic
characters and their uses for electronic character
generation is proposed. The code would facilitate both
traditional and automatic analyses of character sets
and provide a mutually intelligible communication
channel for author, editor, designer and compositor.
Reactions to the code are solicited.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Roth:1969:ETM,
author = "Joel A. Roth",
title = "Excerpt: Typography That Makes the Reader Work",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "193--196",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Book typography today basically follows the same
configurations on the page that it has since books have
been printed with movable type. Except for relatively
minor alterations, the reader of today's book is
confronted with page after unrelieved page of blocks of
type. But that may be changing. As McLuhan notes, the
works of artists are often far in advance of what later
becomes common usage. If this is so, then the work of
several novelists and designers today may presage a new
use for typography on the book page in the future. This
new use for typography is based on erratic type
arrangement which pulls the reader in as an active
participant, and makes reading a creative act rather
than passive absorption of information.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1969:BRH,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Colin Banks and Ruari McLean",
title = "Book Reviews: {H. D. L. Vervliet,
\booktitle{Sixteenth-century Printing Types of the Low
Countries}. Jan Tschichold, \booktitle{Asymmetric
Typography}. David Diringer, \booktitle{The
Alphabet}}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "197--208",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{HamiltonFinlay:1969:C,
author = "Ian {Hamilton Finlay} and Peter Mayer",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "209--212",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Meyer:1968:BRS}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1969:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "213--215",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "2",
pages = "216--216",
month = apr,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bruns:1969:MTL,
author = "Gerald L. Bruns",
title = "{Mallarm{\'e}}: The Transcendence of Language and the
Aesthetics of the Book",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "219--240",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Mallarm{\'e}'s dream of a book in which all existence
is to be contained is predicted upon the isolation of
poetic language between the world of things and the
universe of meaning. Ordinary speech is structured in
order to mediate between these two worlds, but
Mallarm{\'e} seeks to liberate poetic language from
this mediating function, and to establish it as a
reality in a world of its own, by substituting the
syntax of music for the syntax of speech. Moreover, the
syntax of music is to be realized typographically: the
words of the poem are to be arranged within the spatial
field of the white page in a way that describes a
musical structure. Thus the world will find expression
in a book --- not, however, as a structure of meanings,
but in abstract form as a system of pure relations.
Mallarm{\'e} gestures toward his ideal book in Un Coup
de d{\'e}s, in which a simple narrative is organized,
not temporally as a sequence of episodes, but spatially
and typographically as a concurrence of themes that are
distinguished chiefly by different point sizes of type.
Thus typography becomes a principle of composition and
the book itself a part of the poetic universe.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wendt:1969:X,
author = "Dirk Wendt",
title = "{O} or 0?",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "241--248",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See discussion \cite{Nesbitt:1971:C,Nadler:1972:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "There is a need for a universal and aesthetic solution
to the current problem of distinguishing between the
capital letter oh and the numeral zero on electronic
data processing equipment. Practices leading to the
present lack of understanding and differentiation are
discussed and illustrated. A new proposal for
distinguishing between the oh and the zero is
advanced.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Vartabedian:1969:PFG,
author = "Allen G. Vartabedian",
title = "A Proposed Fontstyle for the Graphic Representation of
the Oh and Zero",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "249--258",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See correspondence
\cite{Zapf:1970:C,Nesbitt:1971:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "A new fontstyle is proposed for the machine rendering
of the graphic representation of the letter oh and the
number zero. It prescribes placing a loop on the oh and
drawing the zero as an oval. The new convention is
intended for use in communication environments where
the discriminability of graphic symbols is critical.
These environments include use of devices such as
teleprinters, computer line printers, keypunch machines
and cathode ray tube displays. The proposed new
fontstyle does not draw upon previous conventions for
distinguishing between these symbols and consequently
avoids a current conflict in slashing either the oh or
zero. A design criterion is also presented for
distinguishing between the numbers and letters of a
given font.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Tanselle:1969:UTD,
author = "G. Thomas Tanselle",
title = "The Use of Type Damage as Evidence in Bibliographical
Description",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "259--276",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Accidental variations in the typography of books can
furnish important clues about the regular processes of
printing --- both in compositorial analysis and the
classification and ordering of successive printings,
issue and states. The article considers the question:
what degree of physical detail should be recorded in a
descriptive bibliography? Examples of type-damage
discovered in a collation of Herman Melville's works
are illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Burns:1969:RGA,
author = "J. R. Burns",
title = "A Report Generator Approach to Automated Page
Composition",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "277--286",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Because of restrictions in the practical production of
multiple copies of computer output by a line printed, a
high-speed photocomposition system --- the Master
Typography System --- was developed to work in
conjunction with the Linotron 1010 at the US Government
Printing Office. The system composes pages of
repetitive, computer-based information using the report
generator approach dedicated to a limited area of
concern. The system is described and some typical
output is illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:LA,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Letterforms in the Arts",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "287--292",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Reynolds:1969:CMM,
author = "Lloyd Reynolds and R. J. Wakefield",
title = "Comment: {Marshall McLuhan} and Italic Handwriting;
Comment: Publishing by Computer",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "293--300",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:ER,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Exhibition Review",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "301--305",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Banks:1969:BRE,
author = "Colin Banks",
title = "Book Review: {Erik Dal, \booktitle{Scandinavian
Bookmaking in the Twentieth Century}. Copenhagen:
Christian Ejlers Forlag (also published Urbana: The
University of Illinois Press), 1968. 128pp. \$5.50}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "306--308",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1969:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "309--311",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "3",
pages = "312--312",
month = jul,
year = "1969",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kaldor:1969:GRG,
author = "Ivan L. Kaldor",
title = "The Genesis of {Russian} {{\em Grazhdanskii Shrift\/}}
or Civil Type --- {Part I}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "315--344",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See also Part II \cite{Kaldor:1970:GRG}",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "The development and adoption of grazhdanskii shrift or
civil type by Peter I (1689--1725) is considered as a
step with social and cultural implications for the late
seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Russia that
go far beyond the impact of any innovation recorded in
the general history of printing --- save the
introduction of printing with movable type. The paper
offers a documented history of the creation of
grazhdanskii shrift. In an attempt to identify possible
models used by the designer of the new type
contemporaneous engraved texts with characters of
potential prefigurations are examined. Transitional
types used by Western typographers in the Tsar's
service are identified and analyzed with the same
purpose. Finally, the actual creation of the new type
--- the first modern typeface used in Russia --- is
traced starting with the search for an episode that may
have triggered the idea in Peter I at the turn of the
century to the imperial ukaz enforcing the use of
grazhdanskii shrift in all lay works of printing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Turbayne:1969:VLV,
author = "Colin Murray Turbayne",
title = "Visual Language from the Verbal Model",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "345--370",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "Hypothesis: the visible world is a script, presented
in alphabetical forms, which we have to learn to read.
In looking at the ancient problem of how we see, we
must first consider the conflict of common sense vs.
illusion in our interpretation of what we see. Man
learns to decode a complex code of vision, which
includes bridging the gulf between a written language
and a spoken language (both called, for example,
``English'') as well as between visuals and tactuals.
Seeing is modeled upon reading; painting, sculpture and
photography are modeled on writing --- and are forms of
writing in visual language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ovink:1969:FTD,
author = "G. W. Ovink",
title = "Fashion in Type Design",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "371--377",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "While ``fashion'' tends to have unfavorable
connotations, ``style'' is interpreted as a favorable
unity of the principles of form of a certain epoch.
Questions of fashion in type design today are
conditioned on different situations than before World
War II, mostly due to the rise of photocomposition and
easy reproduction of drawn lettering. Careful execution
and self-discipline are no longer required;
typographers prefer neutral types, creating their own
expression through typographic design. We have today a
dominance of the classicist tendency in typography:
type is meant to be read. However, in printing types
purely utilitarian forms hardly exist; type design has
other subjective, emotional purposes. Type designers
should be encouraged to create free forms.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:CJS,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Changes in Journal Subscription Policy",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "378--378",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Brattinga:1969:HSN,
author = "Pieter Brattinga",
title = "The House-style of {The Netherlands PTT}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "379--386",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "``House-style'' is defined as the aesthetic ordering
of all facets of a corporation's business, both public
and private. The origins and history of The Netherlands
PTT house-style is briefly traced from the pioneer work
of Jean Francois van Royen (circa 1910) through Dr.
Hein van Haaren's direction today. Examples of stamp
and booklet design through this period are
illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bartz:1969:SAC,
author = "Barbara S. Bartz",
title = "Search: an Approach to Cartographic Type Legibility
Measurement",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "387--398",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "A summary of this research is contained in Barbara S.
Ba rtz, \booktitle{Type Variation and the Problem of
Cartographic Type Legibility} (Madison: Ph.D.
Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1969). See
correspondence \cite{Zapf:1970:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
abstract = "It is proposed that a new task be selected for
measuring the effect of type variation in cartographic
context, and that since every name on a map must be
found before it can be processed further, ``search''
would be such a meaningful task. From this, a
definition of cartographic legibility would be held to
include the notion, ``the speed with which the map can
be searched.'' Some literature is cited to show the
utility of the search task in general, and various
considerations which would restrict its use in map
research context are also outlined.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:RS,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Response Sheet",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "399--399",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:PAV,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{{\booktitle{The Penrose Annual 1969}, Volume 62}}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "400--400",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1969:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "401--403",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "404--404",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1969:IVI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume III}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "III",
number = "4",
pages = "405--407",
month = oct,
year = "1969",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:GIa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "3--6",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is
devoted to critical investigation and experimentation
that contribute to a better understanding of the role
letterforms play in the communication process.
``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible
sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of
letterforms and related symbols within our own and
other language systems --- and including their origins,
historic development and special applications. It is
the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage
letterform research internationally, and second to
pursue the natural association of experimental work in
all research areas concerned with our visible
language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lees:1970:IDP,
author = "John Lees and Melvin Farman",
title = "An Investigation of the Design and Performance of
Traffic Control Devices",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "7--38",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper reports on a study (performed for the
United States Bureau of Public Roads) involving a
comparative analysis of the design elements of the
major highway sign symbols of the world. Shape, color,
symbols, pictographs and verbal messages were studied
through design exercises, laboratory investigations and
road tests. The study --- carried out by a
multi-disciplinary team of psychologists, engineers and
graphic designers --- also included extensive reviews
of existing research on highway signs, traffic control
devices and the design of signs. The introduction
examines the history of highway sign development and
regulation as well as a discussion of an automobile
driver's processing of information.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Scorsone:1970:LDC,
author = "Joesph S. Scorsone",
title = "Ligature Design for Contemporary Technology",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "39--50",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Computer-aided composition has eliminated restrictions
on the number of characters that can be stored
practically in a font of printing type. A system of 27
ligatures was designed as an addition to both
sans-serif and roman fonts. The development of the
ligatures in News Gothic and Century Schoolbook
typefaces is discussed and illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Crouwel:1970:TDC,
author = "Wim Crouwel",
title = "Type Design for the Computer Age",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "51--59",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Although typography has always reflected the cultural
pattern of its period, today's typefaces and
typographic designers are a reflection of the past, not
of contemporary society. We must think in terms of our
electronic media and contemporary forms of expression.
A suggested approach for designing today's typography
--- based on a cell or unit system --- is discussed and
illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Becker:1970:RPT,
author = "D. Becker and J. Heinrich and R. von Sichowsky and
Dirk Wendt",
title = "Reader Preferences for Typeface and Leading",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "61--66",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper investigates the influence of typeface and
leading on perceived appealingness of a printed page.
Eighty subjects judged the attractiveness of 48
typographic designs, varying in typeface (Garamond,
Bodoni Antiqua, Bodoni Kursiv, Akzidenz Grotesk), in
justified vs. unjustified composition, and in leading
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 points). Judgments were made by
rank ordering subsets of six specimens. A scaling
procedure (comparative judgment) was applied to the
data and gave scale values for each design. There was
no significant difference between mean and scale values
for justified and unjustified composition, but
different typefaces required different amounts of
leading to allow most appealing composition.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Montague:1970:DIT,
author = "Arleigh Montague",
title = "Designing the Initial Teaching Alphabet in Five
Typefaces",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "67--72",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Although use of i.t.a. (Initial Teaching Alphabet) in
schools is growing, its use in printed materials is
handicapped by inadequate adaptation to typeface
design. This study involved designing the i.t.a.
alphabet for five well-known typefaces: Century
Schoolbook, Baskerville, Melior, Helvetica and Optima.
The process is briefly described and the new alphabets
are illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Brown:1970:SRM,
author = "W. S. Brown",
title = "Speed-reading Made Easy",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "73--75",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper advocates and illustrates an unusual
typography, which promises to make speed reading
easier, faster and more reliable. It is suggested that
computers be used to prepare text in this form.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:LRA,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Legibility Research Abstracts",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "76--76",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ong:1970:CVP,
author = "Walter J. Ong",
title = "Comment: Voice, Print, and Culture",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "77--83",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Parker:1970:WI,
author = "Brant Parker and Johnny Hart",
title = "The {Wizard of Id}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "84--84",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brant_Parker;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hart;
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "Cartoon commentary on typesetter employment.",
}
@Article{Noordzij:1970:RJD,
author = "Gerrit Noordzij",
title = "Reading the Journal: a discussion of starting points
in the issue of {April 1969}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "85--90",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1970:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "91--93",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:BA,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "[{Book}] Announcements",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "94--94",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "1",
pages = "96--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:GIb,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "99--102",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is
devoted to critical investigation and experimentation
that contribute to a better understanding of the role
letterforms play in the communication process.
``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible
sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of
letterforms and related symbols within our own and
other language systems --- and including their origins,
historic development and special applications. It is
the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage
letterform research internationally, and second to
pursue the natural association of experimental work in
all research areas concerned with our visible
language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Goodman:1970:PUR,
author = "Kenneth S. Goodman",
title = "Psycholinguistic Universals in the Reading Process",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "103--110",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Literate speakers in any language have two alternative
surface language forms which are realizations of the
same deep structure and which represent alternate
encodings of the same meaning. For the proficient
reader, written language becomes parallel to speech and
not a secondary representation of it. Listening and
reading are processes in which the language user may
sample, select and predict from the available signal.
Readers are users of language who process graphic,
syntactic and semantic information simultaneously.
Readers develop strategies for the efficient sampling
of the graphic signal in relation to the syntax of
their language and the concept and experiences with
which the passage is concerned. The essential
characteristics of the reading process are universal.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kaldor:1970:GRG,
author = "Ivan L. Kaldor",
title = "The Genesis of the {Russian} {{\em Grazhdanskii
Shrift}} or Civil Type --- {Part II}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "111--138",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See also Part I \cite{Kaldor:1969:GRG}",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Part II of the Kaldor paper is based on the assumption
that the first Russian modern type (i.e., Peter I's
grazhdanskii shrift) was patterned after three basic
models: (a) the late seventeenth- and early
eighteenth-century Russian civil hands, (b) the
outmoded poluustav type, and (c) the contemporaneous
Western roman types. The impact of Western roman types
appears to be the most significant. In his search for a
particular work that might have served as a source, the
author proposes the hypothesis that the roman type used
in Matthias D{\"o}gen's Architectura militaris moderna
and, to some extent, in Peter's favorite Symbola et
emblemata were the models applied by the designer. A
type-by-type analysis of the original three versions of
grazhdanskii shrift is used to support the basic
theory.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Foster:1970:DCF,
author = "Jeremy J. Foster",
title = "Directional Consistency in Form Identification",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "139--145",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "An experiment is reported, the results of which are
taken to support Kolers' theory of directional
consistency in letter identification. The connection
between this effect and a number of studies on the
identification of tachistoscopically presented patterns
is commented upon. The connection between the effect
and the results of experiments on visual search is also
noted.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Burnhill:1970:CSW,
author = "Peter Burnhill",
title = "The Case for a Standard Word Space",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "146--146",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bartz:1970:EUS,
author = "Barbara S. Bartz",
title = "Experimental Use of the Search Task in an Analysis of
Type Legibility in Cartography",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "147--167",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Search was used as an experimental task to investigate
one aspect of legibility in cartographic typography.
Subjects searched a variety of maps under several
different conditions. There are four major conclusions
from this research. For random search of the maps
containing only one typeface, the typographic variation
from map to map did not produce a significant effect on
average search time. On mixed-type maps, search is
slowed if the user has no correct expectation of the
appearance of the type in which the target name will
appear. On these same maps, search is greatly speeded
if the user has a correct expectation of the target
name appearance. Search time in a one-name task is less
a function of typography than it is of many other
factors.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:GBC,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{Goudy, Baskerville, Caslon, Bodoni}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "168--168",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Cartoon from \booktitle{The New Yorker Magazine},
1964.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Pulos:1970:CDE,
author = "Arthur J. Pulos",
title = "Comment: Design Education",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "169--172",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kindersley:1970:BRJ,
author = "David Kindersley",
title = "Book Reviews: {Jan Tschichold, \booktitle{Treasury of
Alphabets and Lettering}. New York: Reinhold Publishing
Corporation, 1966. (Originally published in Germany,
\booktitle{Meisterbuch der Schriff}. Ravensburg: Otto
Maier Verlag.) 234 pages (175 pages of illustration).
\$16.50. Tom Gourdie, \booktitle{A Guide to Better
Handwriting}. New York: The Viking Press, 1967 (London:
Studio Vista, 1967). 96 pages. \$1.95. Dana Atchley,
\booktitle{ABC Design}. New York: George Wittenborn,
1965. 30 pages of illustration, some hand-written text.
\$9.00. L'Harl Copeland, \booktitle{Design of the Roman
Letters}. New York: Philosophical Library, 1966. ix +
66 pages, illustrated. \$3.75. Eric Lindegren,
\booktitle{ABC of Lettering and Printing Types}. New
York: Museum Books. Produced by Eric Lindegren Gratisk
Studio, Askim, Sweden. \booktitle{Volume A}: 150 pages
of illustrations, 4 pages of text, 1964. \$12.50.
\booktitle{Volume B}: 293 pages of illustrations, 30
pages of text, 1965. \$15.00. \booktitle{Volume C}: 133
pages of illustrations with text, 1965. \$15.00}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "173--176",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1970:BRH,
author = "Fernand Baudin",
title = "Book Reviews: {Herbert Spencer, \booktitle{The Visible
Word}. London: Lund Humphries in association with the
Royal College of Art, 1969. 107pp. 50s (New York:
Hastings House, \$7.95). Ruari McLean,
\booktitle{Magazine Design}. London: Oxford University
Press, 1969. 354 pp. \pounds 5.5.0}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "176--178",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Zapf:1970:C,
author = "Hermann Zapf and Allen G. Vartabedian and Adrian
Frutiger and J. A. M. Haddon and G. W. Ovink",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "179--188",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "See
\cite{Vartabedian:1969:PFG,Schmoller:1968:E,Bartz:1969:TVP,Bartz:1969:SAC,Nesbitt:1971:C}.",
}
@Article{Baudin:1970:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "189--191",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "2",
pages = "192--192",
month = "Spring",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "195--198",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is
devoted to critical investigation and experimentation
that contribute to a better understanding of the role
letterforms play in the communication process.
``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible
sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of
letterforms and related symbols within our own and
other language systems --- and including their origins,
historic development and special applications. It is
the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage
letterform research internationally, and second to
pursue the natural association of experimental work in
all research areas concerned with our visible
language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Arnheim:1970:WTP,
author = "Rudolf Arnheim",
title = "Words in Their Place",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "199--212",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Although language helps thinking, it is not
indispensable to thought and its structure or
perceptual dimensions as a medium of thought are
severely limited. What makes language valuable for
thinking is our use of words to refer to other though
media, such as visual imagery. Not being restricted as
language is to linearity, the visual medium offers
structural equivalences to all characteristics of
objects, events, relationships --- in two and three
dimensions. A literary image grows through accretion by
amendment; a pictorial image presents itself whole, in
simultaneity",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Noordzij:1970:BSC,
author = "Gerrit Noordzij",
title = "Broken Scripts and the Classification of Typefaces",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "213--240",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See follow-up work \cite{Tracy:1971:TDC} and comments
\cite{Nesbitt:1971:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Current systems of typeface classification are
fundamentally useless as they isolate type from other
renderings of handwriting. Typeface design can only be
understood in its relation to handwriting. The German
classification system (DIN 16 518) is analyzed, and a
binary classification system is suggested --- not of
type only, but of writing generally. Broken type is not
more German than other derivatives of the roman
alphabet; its isolation has done much damage to German
type design and typography.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Patteson:1970:SIA,
author = "Roy K. {Patteson, Jr.}",
title = "The {Siloam Inscription} and Alphabetic Origins",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "241--257",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "The Siloam Inscription is one of the most important
monuments to alphabetic writing. It is, however, almost
unknown to people in Western civilization. This article
relates the story of its discovery and points to some
of the evidence for the development of writing
contained within that inscription. The acrophonic
principle, upon which the inscription is based, seems
to have been the invention of a domestic situation
within Palestine. Theories about the origin of the
alphabet are discussed, with a tenative conclusion that
Palestine was the alphabet's place of origin.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Senator:1970:S,
author = "Cassiodorus Senator",
title = "On Scribes",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "258--258",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{An Introduction to Divine
and Human Readings}, Chapter XXX; translated with an
introduction and notes by Leslie Webber Jones (New
York: Columbia University Press, 1946).",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
author-dates = "480--575 CE",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hunt:1970:TRR,
author = "Allen Hunt",
title = "{Times Roman}: a Re-assessment",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "259--270",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "In its original concept, Times Roman was an
``oldstyle'' typeface, and essentially a restyling of
Monotype Plantin. It was designed for a newspaper
produced under high production standards which no
longer exist. Its usefulness as a newspaper text face
is waning, but it has continued wide acceptance for
periodicals and books, particularly in the United
States. The various modifications of Times Roman ---
e.g., Times Bold, Times Titling --- are discussed and
illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:PAN,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Proposed {American National Standard}: {Presentation}
of Alphameric Characters for Information Processing",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "271--280",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Brattinga:1970:BRH,
author = "Pieter Brattinga and Lawrence W. Wallis",
title = "Book Reviews: {Herbert Spencer. \booktitle{Pioneers of
Modern Typography}. London: Lund Humphries, 1969, 162
pp. 84/-. Arthur H. Phillips. \booktitle{Computer
Peripherals and Typesetting}. London: Her Majesty's
Stationery Office, 1968, 665 pp. 160/- (Cloth)}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "281--284",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1970:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "285--287",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "3",
pages = "288--288",
month = "Summer",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "291--294",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is
devoted to critical investigation and experimentation
that contribute to a better understanding of the role
letterforms play in the communication process.
``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible
sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of
letterforms and related symbols within our own and
other language systems --- and including their origins,
historic development and special applications. It is
the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage
letterform research internationally, and second to
pursue the natural association of experimental work in
all research areas concerned with our visible
language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Mountford:1970:SPC,
author = "John Mountford",
title = "Some Psycholinguistic Components of Initial Standard
Literacy",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "295--306",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "Literacy is a linguistic term predicated of
individuals. It means ability to use language in the
medium of writing. Standard literacy is the particular
kind of literacy required by educational systems, viz.
literacy in a standard language. Initial standard
literacy is a more adequate term for what is commonly
called the teaching of reading. Five psycholinguistic
components are suggested: knowledge of a standard
language; knowledge of its standard orthography
(distinguished from other kinds of writing systems);
technical concept' of literacy; `habitudes' of
literacy; basic skills of literacy (reading and
writing). Literacy is also predicated of societies. The
study of it, both as a psycholinguistic phenomenon and
as a sociolinguistic phenomenon has been neglected in
linguistics generally, just as the concept of literacy
has been neglected in educational theory.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Boyle:1970:EGH,
author = "Leonard E. Boyle",
title = "The Emergence of {Gothic} Handwriting",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "307--316",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See letter \cite{Gilman:1972:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "During the mid-eleventh century Caroline script began
to undergo significant changes. The growing market for
writings, both academic and popular, demanded a small,
clear and highly abbreviated style. The new Gothic
script originated out of this need for compression;
e.g., the fusing of opposite curves of letters where
they were found back to back and the judicious use of
abbreviations. The translational styles of writing are
illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marck:1970:STU,
author = "Louis Marck",
title = "Some Thoughts of the Use and Disuse of Diacritics",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "317--326",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Champney:1971:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "The diacritics discussed here are symbols that are a
part of the official spelling of various languages such
as
\texttt{\char`{\'\char}`{\`\char}`{\^\char}`{\"\char}`{\~}},
etc. The uncertainties and vagaries of their use or
non-use in current American practice are illustrated
with examples from reference works, style books and
current periodical literature. Particular criticism is
leveled at the inability of the printed media correctly
to reproduce names from such languages as German, Czech
and Polish, leaving even the cognoscenti in the dark as
to proper pronunciation. Problems of information
storage and retrieval as well as typewriter design are
touched upon. A plea is finally made for better
knowledge and international acceptance of diacritics,
the alternative being a concerted international effort
for their progressive abandonment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Frutiger:1970:LPT,
author = "Adrian Frutiger",
title = "Letterforms in Photo-typography",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "327--335",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "The accelerated flow of information in today's world
demands that our typography be of maximum utility and
comfort to the reader. There is a trend toward
universal usage of fewer text faces and toward larger
sizes of reader typefaces. Differentiation must be made
between material designed for sustained and for
reference reading. The two basic photo-composition
generation systems --- projective exposure and CRT
generated --- are compared.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wormald:1970:RMM,
author = "Francis Wormald",
title = "Reading in the Medieval Monastery",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "336--336",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted from the author's \booktitle{The Monastic
Library} in \booktitle{The Year 1200: a Background
Survey}, II (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art,
1970), 170.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Molyneux:1970:IQH,
author = "Lindsay Molyneux",
title = "An Index of the Quality of a Hyphenation Algorithm",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "337--341",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "During the development of hyphenation algorithms some
measure of performance is needed. A single parameter
index is proposed and it is suggested that it might be
used to assess hyphenation algorithms in general.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kindersley:1970:LA,
author = "David Kindersley",
title = "Letterforms in the Arts",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "342--352",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Burnhill:1970:TEH,
author = "Peter Burnhill",
title = "Typographic Education: Headings in Text",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "353--365",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
abstract = "A class in typography was presented with the problem
of designing a system for the allocation of intervals
of space on the vertical axis of the page which would
determine the grouping of a given set of textual
elements. A binary progression of space units was
evolved. The resulting system for paragraphs
interspersed with headings of first, second and third
order rank is discussed and illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:SE,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{Shaw} Enough",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "366--367",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Commentary on George Bernard Shaw's proposed spelling
reform of English, and on his Shavian phonetic alphabet
for English. Reprinted from \booktitle{The Sunday
Times} (London), 8 March 1970.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Beyer:1970:C,
author = "Ralph Beyer and Peter Burnhill and Nicolete Gray and
James Mosley and Michael Twyman and Berthold Wolpe and
{The Governors of the St.Bride Foundation} and David
Ford",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "367--368",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
keywords = "Working Party on Typographic Teaching",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:BR,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Books Received",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "369--376",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1970:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "377--379",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "380--380",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1970:IVI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume IV}",
journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES,
volume = "IV",
number = "4",
pages = "381--384",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1970",
ISSN = "0449-329X",
ISSN-L = "0449-329X",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.",
fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1971:VLJ,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}: The Journal for
Research on the Visual Media of Language Expression. A
Report from the {Editor}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "5--12",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Why would a magazine with a great name like The
\booktitle{Journal of Typographic Research} decide to
change it? For one thing, having to add a footnote
every time the name is mentioned in order to explain
its actual range of interests finally got to us. As a
subscriber you will have to admit that no matter how
broadly we attempt to define ``typographic research,''
it no longer adequately describes the research efforts
in the field or the major concerns of this Journal.
``Typographic research'' has become a label that has to
be stretched; ``visible language'' is a concept that
remains to be fulfilled.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Osley:1971:CAC,
author = "A. S. Osley",
title = "Calligraphy --- an Aid to Cartography?",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "13--32",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Calligraphic analysis goes beyond general styles of
writing and kind of writing materials used; it attempts
to isolate the characteristic features of a script and
the scribe's personal performance. Specimens from
various periods of Gerard Mercator's cartographic work
are examined and compared, including a map recently
discovered that, after calligraphic analysis, can be
identified as almost certainly by Mercator. The
importance of calligraphic analysis for determining
cartographic attributions is discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bass:1971:DV,
author = "Rudi Bass",
title = "The Development of {Vidifont}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "33--48",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Television news broadcasting requires alphanumeric
composition processes that do not depend on handsetting
or photographic preparation. Vidifont, a synthetic
video version of the CBS News 36 alphabet, was
especially designed for television requirements: (1)
proportional-width and proportionally spaced
letterforms for legibility and maximum character count,
and (2) a unique grid structure to reproduce ovoid
letter curves and angle strokes. The development of the
Vidifont is outlined and illustrated; esthetic values
in electronic letterform design are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Crofts:1971:CMO,
author = "Marjorie Crofts",
title = "Creating a {Munduruk{\'u}} Orthography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "49--58",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Munduruk{\'u}, a Tupi language of an Amazon Basin
Indian people, has had no written form. This article
describes the practical problems of establishing an
alphabet to match the spoken language as well as relate
to Portuguese, the language of Brazil; e.g., whether or
not to represent all phonemes, and basic questions on
what constitutes a word, or a sentence. Printed
materials in Munduruk{\'u} are illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Tracy:1971:TDC,
author = "Walter Tracy",
title = "Type Design Classification",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "59--66",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See also previous work \cite{Noordzij:1970:BSC}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "To follow the article by Gerrit Noodzij (The Journal
of Typographic Research, IV [Summer 1970], 213--240)
which analyzed the German classification, an account is
given of the French and German classifications. It is
shown that all three schemes have the same structure
though the nomenclature is different. Hope is expressed
that the British classification will be acceptable in
the United States.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Carpenter:1971:CSB,
author = "Edmund Carpenter",
title = "Comment: Not Since {Babel}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "67--74",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "We know almost nothing about the origin of language.
Anthropologists don't always admit this to
undergraduates, but among themselves (when they're not
trying to impress anyone) they acknowledge that we
don't know whether language dates from a million years
ago, or half a million, or fifty thousand. There are
lots of theories, but few facts-and the facts fit lots
of theories.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lotz:1971:CRS,
author = "John Lotz",
title = "Comment: The Role of Script in Describing the
Languages of the World",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "75--81",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Nesbitt:1971:C,
author = "Alexander Nesbitt and Gerrit Noordzij and John A.
Schappler",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "82--89",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Discussion of \cite{Noordzij:1970:BSC} and
\cite{Wendt:1969:X,Vartabedian:1969:PFG,Zapf:1970:C,Nadler:1972:C}",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "90--90",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1971:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "92--92",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:BNJ,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Back Numbers of {{\booktitle{The Journal of
Typographic Research}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "1",
pages = "93--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cyrus:1971:LFS,
author = "Virginia J. Cyrus",
title = "Linguistic Features of Scribal Spacing",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "2",
pages = "101--110",
month = "Spring",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "In contrast to the regularity of the letterforms in
hand-produced Old English manuscripts, the scribal
spacings show great variation in both size and
positioning. Examination of the spacings in the
Tollemache manuscript of Alfred's Orosius reveals
extensive patterning which can be shown to correspond
with such linguistic features of the text as syntactic
structures as they are identified by immediate
constituent analysis. Thus, the manuscript provides
graphic evidence of non-segmental features of the
language which before were only indirectly inferable.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{OHara:1971:UHI,
author = "F. M. {O'Hara, Jr.}",
title = "Use of the Hyphen to Indicate Divided Words",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "2",
pages = "111--124",
month = "Spring",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Tanselle:1972:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "The unsystematic employment of hyphenation by early
printers led to the author's inspection of incunabula
and reproductions of manuscripts and incunabular
printing. These observations showed a gradual
standardization of the typographic form of the hyphen,
an evolution of the phonetic division of words from
arbitrary academic rules, and a slow development of the
universal employment of the hyphen to indicate divided
words. These trends in the history of printing suffered
a reversal during the sixteenth century, and it was not
until the late seventeenth century that hyphenating
practices as they are observed today were generally
established.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Troxel:1971:ARP,
author = "Donald E. Troxel",
title = "Automated Reading of the Printed Page",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "2",
pages = "125--144",
month = "Spring",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper is primarily concerned with the automated
reading of the printed page resulting in a sequence of
character codes which can be further processed to make
the information available to a blind person in the form
of Grade II Braille, spelled speech, or synthesized
speech. Heuristics are described for automatic
threshold determination, font-size determination, line
and character acquisition, contour tracing, and the
recognition of punctuation and characters. As the
output of the reading machine for the blind is to be
absorbed directly by a human, the specifications for a
page reader were that the speed should be approximately
equal to normal speaking rates and that the reader
should make somewhat fewer mistakes than a human reader
would make. The actual speed achieved was approximately
75 words per minute, which does not quite meet the
speed requirement. However, the error rate
specification has been met with a measured error rate
of 0.07 per cent.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cleland:1971:VSR,
author = "Donald L. Cleland",
title = "Vocalism in Silent Reading",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "2",
pages = "145--157",
month = "Spring",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "A continuing controversy has been going on as to
whether vocalism in silent reading should be inhibited,
encouraged, or just tolerated as part of the reading
process. Past experimentation is discussed. Reported
here is an investigation to determine the incidence of
vocalism during silent reading by two groups of
intermediate grade children: reading achievers and
reading retardates. A general conclusion is that
vocalism is a natural adjunct of the reading process
and that at approximate times all of us use it as a
secondary sensory reinforcement.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Pollak:1971:DFC,
author = "Michael Pollak",
title = "Durability of {Fifteenth-century} Type",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "2",
pages = "159--188",
month = "Spring",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "From a review of references to early typecasting
practices, the author computes the amount of labor
required to handcast 1,000 pieces of type in the
fifteenth century, and reaches a figure of fourteen
man-hours. As a means of determining the ability of the
type to withstand succeeding blows of the platen and
the other wear brought about by setting, cleaning, and
distributing the type, he applies this labor cost to
the publication of a fifteenth-century book, the works
of Flavius Josephus printed at Venice in 1486,
postulating different sizes of editions. Working on the
assumption that excessive labor costs per copy would
have made this book and others like it uneconomical to
produce, he concluded that incunable type was able to
withstand at least 10,000 to 20,000 blows of the platen
but suggests that its life expectancy was actually much
higher. He supplements his cost analysis by citing
other evidence to show than incunable type was fairly
durable.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1971:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "2",
pages = "189--191",
month = "Spring",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "2",
pages = "192--192",
month = "Spring",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "195--196",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marcus:1971:PCP,
author = "Aaron Marcus",
title = "A Prototype Computerized Page-design System",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "197--220",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "The graphic designer has need for an interactive
computerized design system to enable him to match the
capabilities of available computerized type-editing and
typesetting systems. This article describes a prototype
system devised to investigate both the problems and
capabilities of using computers for page design. The
two aspects of the investigation are the appropriate
representation of graphic material on a low resolution
television-like display and the development of
interactive features. The ability to add, delete, and
move blocks of symbolized type and illustration on the
display has the advantage that the computerized form of
the final design is immediately compatible with
computerized typesetting systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gordon:1971:LNL,
author = "Arthur E. Gordon",
title = "Letter Names of the {Latin} Alphabet",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "221--228",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Contemporary and earlier studies of the Latin language
have failed to present and discuss adequately letter
names of the Latin alphabet --- in contrast, for
example, with the Greek alpha, beta, gamma, etc.
Several theories, and their derivation, about the
letter names are presented. The ancient evidence ---
from the third/second century B.C. to the seventh
century A.D. --- is rather scant and not always clear.
While the names of the vowels and of all the consonants
except the continuants (F, L, M, N, R, S, X) seem
certain, the names of these continuants seem to have
undergone changes in the course of history and to be
clear only toward the end of antiquity (from the fourth
century A.D. on).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Yasuhara:1971:STH,
author = "Makoto Yasuhara",
title = "Steps toward Handwriting Analysis and Recognition",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "229--248",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "In order to introduce to the field of human
handwriting recognition formal concepts which
correspond to those of the analysis by synthesis method
in speech analysis, a dynamic model of handwriting
process is proposed. Discussion to support the proposed
scheme is presented both from the theoretical and from
the experimental points of view.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Fontein:1971:CCZ,
author = "Jan Fontein and Money L. Hickman",
title = "Calligraphy of {Ch'an} and {Zen} Monks",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "249--264",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Although a dependence on words and letters was avoided
in the concepts of their sect, the Ch'an and Zen monks
produced a prodigious amount of written material, in
book form and in handwritten documents. Believed to
express the total personality of the writer, the
calligraphy (bokuseki) acquired a kind of mystique. The
highly personal calligraphy was not as strong an
influence in China as in Japan, where it established
the standard for excellence and was extensively
emulated in secular society. Representative examples
are shown and discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hartley:1971:EUT,
author = "James Hartley and Peter Burnhill",
title = "Experiments with Unjustified Text",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "265--278",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Three separate experiments are described in which
various settings of unjustified text are compared: (1)
passages with line endings determined by syntactic
considerations were compared with passages set in a
standard unjustified form; (2) passages with
approximately one-third of the lines ending with
hyphenated formats were compared with the same
standards; (3) unjustified double-column formats of
different widths were compared with each other. No
significant differences in reading speed were found in
any of the three experiments, although a significant
sex difference was found in Experiment 3 when a
scanning method was used. No significant differences
were found in comprehension scores. Attitudes expressed
by students in Experiments 1 and 3 tended to favor the
shorter lines with more uneven endings.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Banks:1971:BRN,
author = "Colin Banks",
title = "Book Review: {E. Nicolette Gray, \booktitle{Lettering
as Drawing: The Moving Line} [volume 1] and
\booktitle{Contour and Silhouette} [volume 2]. London:
Oxford University Press, 1970. 96 pages each with many
black and white illustrations. 75 new pence.
Paperbacks}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "279--281",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Champney:1971:C,
author = "Freeman Champney and Louis Marck",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "282--283",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Marck:1970:STU}. Louis Marck also comments
on the too-similar appearance of `b` and `h' in
Monotype Garamond (Series 156 Italic).",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1971:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "285--287",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "3",
pages = "288--288",
month = "Summer",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "291--292",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Coe:1971:AMW,
author = "Michael D. Coe",
title = "Ancient {Maya} Writing and Calligraphy",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "293--307",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Maya hieroglyphic writing was carved on stone
monuments, written in bark-paper codices, and painted
upon funerary pottery. The stone inscriptions, formerly
thought to record only calendrical information, have
been found to contain dynastic histories. The codices
treat exclusively of ritual matters, while the texts
and pictures on the pottery are concerned with the
perilous voyage of the soul to the underworld. The
script evolved from a highly pictographic system into
one that had a strong phonetic-syllabic component. As
calligraphy, Maya writing was a basically painterly
art.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{GT:1971:DNJ,
author = "{Group Typo}",
title = "Design of a New {Japanese} Typeface: {Typos}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "309--317",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "The Japanese language is a formidable one for those
who are concerned with the design and the use of the
printed word. Because the Japanese language employs the
kanji, the hiragana, and the katakana for writing, the
task of designing a new typeface involves the design of
over 1,000 characters so that they will blend together
when used interchangeably in an almost unlimited number
of combinations. The theory and construction method
used to create Typo, a new Japanese typeface, are
discussed and illustrated in comparison with existing
characters.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Basu:1971:LMA,
author = "Hella Basu",
title = "Letterforms as a Medium for Artistic Expression",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "319--330",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Although the major function of writing is transmitting
verbal communication, the variety and beauty of man's
letterforms indicate several important non-verbal
considerations. Pattern-forming properties of
letterforms can be explored as artistic expression
independent of verbal meaning, but optical elements
must be related to verbal ones. The author's
development of calligraphic ``visual aids'' for
classroom use is discussed, and a selection of these is
illustrated.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anderson:1971:CHC,
author = "Donald M. Anderson",
title = "{Cresci} and His Capital Alphabet",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "331--352",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "Renaissance art was marked by a vigorous adaptation of
classical themes, and in restyling roman capital
letters no one approached the excellence of Giovan
Francesco Cresci. In Il perfetto scrittore, parte
seconda, published in 1570, Cresci mastered the
combinations of classical elements with his own refined
style. In contrast to those who were obsessed with
divina propotione and who sought to interpret the roman
letters through compass and rule, Cresci's alphabets
were derived from ancient sources such as the
inscription of Trajan's column. The drift in Cresci's
thinking toward a closer allegiance to the classical
letters is shown through his selection of proportion;
his serifs show modification to forms closer to
calligraphy.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Robinson:1971:WSI,
author = "David Owen Robinson and Michael Abbamonte and Selby H.
Evans",
title = "Why Serifs are Important: the Perception of Small
Print",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "353--359",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
abstract = "The use of serif type styles has continued to dominate
printing since the introduction of sans-serif type a
century and a half ago. Several theories are considered
to account for the continued popularity of the older
typefaces. It is suggested that the neurological
structure of the human visual system benefits from
serifs in the preservation of the main features of
letters during neural processing. A computer simulation
of visual processing supports this theory, and
suggestions are made concerning the function of serifs
in letters of different sizes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bauries:1971:RBG,
author = "Fred Bauries",
title = "Research in Brief: Graphic Trends in Consumer Magazine
Advertising, 1938--1968",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "360--364",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Smith:1971:RBG,
author = "John M. Smith and Maxwell E. McCombs",
title = "Research in Brief: The Graphics of Prose",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "365--369",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Banks:1971:BRE,
author = "Colin Banks",
title = "Book Review: {Edward Johnstone, \booktitle{Formal
Penmanship}. London: Lund Humphries, 1971. 160 pages of
text, 20 pages of plates. \pounds 5.80}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "370--372",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Gilman:1972:C}: Johnstone should be
Johnston.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{vanKrimpen:1971:C,
author = "Huib van Krimpen and {The Educational Committee of A.
Typ. I.} and {Peter Burnhill}",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "373--376",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Comments on the financial and copyright relations
between type designers and typefounders, on the
teaching of writing and lettering, and disapproval of
the journal name change.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1971:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "377--379",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "380--380",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1971:IVV,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume V}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "V",
number = "4",
pages = "381--384",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1971",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:GIa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "3--4",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Powell:1972:OSS,
author = "Marvin A. {Powell, Jr.}",
title = "The Origin of the Sexagesimal System: Interaction of
Language and Writing",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "5--18",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "The origin of the sexagesimal system has been much
debated, but all past theories have neglected the
linguistic evidence of the ancient cuneiform lexica.
The problem or origin is twofold: (1) the origin of
counting with sixty as a base and (2) the origin of
sexagesimal place notation. The first problem is
linguistic and anthropological in nature and must be
studied through the ancient lexica. The second can be
elucidated by a combined analysis of the Sumerian
number words and the symbols used to represent them.
Such an analysis indicated that sexagesimal place
notation arose from an interaction between the
numerational framework of the Sumerian language and the
symbols used to write those numbers, but the sudden
appearance of place notation about 2050 B.C. indicates
that the final step toward the creation of place
notation was an act of conscious invention.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Seaman:1972:DVP,
author = "David W. Seaman",
title = "The Development of Visual Poetry in {France}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "19--44",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Poems which contain visual elements in their
construction --- e.g., pattern poems and acrostics ---
are often considered isolated aberrations. By examining
literature in Europe and especially in France, one can
discern a fairly continuous tradition of visual poetry.
Beginning in antiquity and recurring in every period of
western civilization, visual stimuli in writing and
typography are applied to the composition of poetry.
Although at first they are usually incidental or
decorative, by the nineteenth century they are
considered valid attributes of serious poetry.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Furby:1972:DWP,
author = "Lita Furby",
title = "Development of Word Perception and Problem Solving
Strategies",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "45--58",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "This study examines the nature of children's word
perception, focusing on both the developmental changes
in the perceptual process itself (in terms of the
ability to decenter) and the role these changes play in
determining choice of strategy in a problem solving
situation (anagrams). It also demonstrates the
importance of individual differences (in spatial
ability) as a source of information about developmental
processes and changes in perception and cognition.
Eight, eleven, and fourteen year-olds solve anagrams of
various types and took several aptitude tests. The
results give support to Piaget's formulation of
perceptual development and demonstrate the role of both
perceptual development and individual aptitude
differences in children's problem solving strategies.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wells:1972:WBR,
author = "James Wells",
title = "The Work of {Bruce Rogers}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "59--78",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "No designer has played a more influential role in the
revival of the typographic arts in America than Bruce
Rogers (1870--1957). His work spanned half a century;
its significant contributions is based on his
adaptation of historic styles to machine production
while maintaining the highest possible design and
technical standards. Rogers' approach was that of an
artist (rather than that of a scholar or a practicing
printer), while he demonstrated with remarkable
versatility --- from the playful limited editions to
the majesty of the Oxford Bible.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lotz:1972:SBS,
author = "John Lotz",
title = "A Select Bibliography on Script and Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "79--80",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Stauffacher:1972:HAT,
author = "Jack W. Stauffacher",
title = "Homage to {Alberto Tallone}, 1898--1960",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "81--89",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Alberto Tallone was a printer/publisher/book
typographer/type designer with a keen eye for excellent
literature (a friend of Pablo Neruda) and fine
typography.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Tanselle:1972:C,
author = "G. Thomas Tanselle",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "90--91",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{OHara:1971:UHI,Gilman:1972:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1972:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "92--95",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "1",
pages = "96--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1972:ER,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "{Editor}'s Report",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "99--108",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Haugen:1973:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Solt:1972:TVC,
author = "Mary Ellen Solt",
title = "Typography and the Visual Concrete Poem",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "109--122",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "The visual concrete poet is concerned with the
relationship of typography to meaning. Constructive
poetry uses the lower-case, sans-serif letter almost
exclusively. Increasingly poets are finding this
practice too restrictive and are following the example
of Mallarm{\'e}, who used typography expressively. The
early manifestoes of concrete poetry emphasized
Mallarm{\'e}'s influence in the direction of spatial
syntax and ideogrammic construction. It needs to be
recognized that visual concrete poetry relates to all
the stages of ideogrammic development and that the kind
of ideogram the poet is presenting will influence his
typographical choices. If concrete poetry is to remain
a viable new genre, its visual potential must be
liberated rather than restricted.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{David:1972:PDL,
author = "Robert E. David",
title = "Proposal for a Diagrammatic Language for Design",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "123--137",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Environmental design as a process is a communication
activity wherein the designer continuously formulates,
records, and presents developing ideas using his
vernacular, sketches, working drawings, and models. The
success of the design solution depends to a certain
extent on the sophistication of the communication tools
used; there is a significant lack of sophistication in
the tools used in the transition of ideas between the
initial verbal phases and the final visual phases. This
paper proposes a notational language of diagrammatic
elements to provide the designer with a communication
tool that permits him to visualize basic design ideas
at a high level of abstraction. The primitive elements
of this language represent a set of ideas that, in
various combinations, recurrently make up the basic
entities of various problems in environmental design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lamaitre:1972:ACM,
author = "?. Lama{\^\i}tre",
title = "{Albert Camus} and the Men of the Stone",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "138--138",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "From the article: ``He [Camus] really impressed us on
his wedding day. I was touched by the way he got
married --- so simple, with three or four typographers
as the wedding procession.'' \ldots{} ``Camus spent
more time at the composing room than in the editorial
offices\ldots{}''",
xxnote = "Check; the author name is printed Lama{\^\i}tre, but
the gender is wrong: the name should likely be
Lema{\^\i}tre.",
}
@Article{Stern:1972:OPE,
author = "Henry R. Stern",
title = "The Orthographic Practices of {Elias Molee}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "139--149",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See letter \cite{Haugen:1973:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "In proposing an artificial language for international
consideration, one must first have devised an efficient
orthographic system. After a brief introduction to the
concept of international languages and to Molee's
background and motivation, this paper describes the
orthographic techniques he employed in a series of
works over a period of 25 years. Upon examination,
these works show an unmistakable trend. The initial
efforts are characterized by innovation and
experimentation. In attempting to create an acceptable
phonetic alphabet, he first employed phonetic symbols,
variations of standard letters, and even letters he
designed himself. Later efforts, however, remain within
the framework of conventional symbols. This can be
explained by the necessity of gaining the favor and
support of printers. That Molee's efforts were in the
long run unsuccessful is due not to any inherent
weakness in his orthographic system but rather to the
general failure of artificial languages themselves.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Scott:1972:GPC,
author = "Myrtle Scott",
title = "Grapheme--Phoneme Correspondence in Beginning Reading
of Disadvantaged Five-Year-Olds",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "151--165",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments and corrections \cite{Downing:1973:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "This study was designed to investigate the effect of
grapheme-phoneme correspondence on word acquisition in
beginning readers. Two groups of disadvantaged children
were taught word acquisition skills, one group using a
non-controlled grapheme-phoneme correspondence
orthography, standard English, while the other group
used a controlled grapheme-phoneme correspondence
orthography, the Initial Teaching Alphabet. No
differences were found between groups as a function of
orthography used. Significant differences did appear as
a function of level of word familiarity with familiar
words being identified more easily than unfamiliar
ones. Irregular words were identified significantly
more easily than regular ones, which was contrary to
the prediction, and was explained in terms of a model
of stages of development of word recognition skills.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:IYB,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "[1972 --- International Year of the Book]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "166--166",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wendt:1972:EIU,
author = "Dirk Wendt and Hans Weckerle",
title = "On Effects of Indentation and Underlining in Reference
Work",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "167--171",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "An experimental study with 252 10- to 12-year-old
pupils as subjects investigated the effects of
indentation and underlining of keywords in reference
work. It was assumed that indentation and underlining
would make it easier to recognize word shapes, and that
this effect would be stronger with the familiar shapes
of meaningful words than with nonsense words. Results
showed that only indentation made recognition faster,
but not underlining; and that this effect was equally
strong with meaningful and nonsense words. In total,
nonsense words were recognized 17\% slower than
meaningful material.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Coleman:1972:BBC,
author = "A. D. Coleman",
title = "{Bonnie Baldwin Collier}'s delightful
{{\booktitle{Thesis Box}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "172--172",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/v6n2_1972_e.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{vanKrimpen:1972:BRA,
author = "Huib van Krimpen and Fernand Baudin",
title = "Book Reviews: {Albert Kapr. \booktitle{Schriftkunst.
Geschichte, Anatomie und Sch{\o}nheit der lateinischen
Buchstaben}. Dresden: VEB Verlag der Kunst, 1971. 11
3/4 $ \times $ 8 1/2 inches, 468 pages, 465
illustrations, 321 type specimens. Price 70 MDN
(approx. \$18.00). W. P. Jaspert, W. T. Berry, A F.
Johnson, \booktitle{The Encyclopaedia of Typefaces},
4th ed. (London: Blandford Press, 1970)}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "173--181",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:INI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{{\booktitle{ICOGRAPHIC: a New International Design
Quarterly}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "181--181",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Nadler:1972:C,
author = "Morton Nadler and Dirk Wendt and Trilokesh
Mukherjee",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "182--187",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See
\cite{Wendt:1969:X,Nesbitt:1971:C,vanKrimpen:1971:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1972:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "188--191",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "2",
pages = "192--192",
month = "Spring",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "195--196",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Steiner:1972:AB,
author = "George Steiner",
title = "After the Book?",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "197--210",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See replies \cite{Brain:1972:FRG}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "The book as we know it has been a significant
phenomenon for only a relatively short span of history
--- about a century and a half --- only in certain
areas and in certain cultures. Today, the enveloping
matrix of our intellectual and emotional lives is not a
reader's climate. The status of the book is changing,
as is the make-up of the ``language-world'' we inhabit.
The written word has become a caption for the visual
and the musical image. Our verbal inheritance is caught
between the semi-literacy of the mass market and the
minutia of the specialist. The written word persists,
but new forms for its circulation will bring
alterations of our sensibilities and modification in
our habits of discovery.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Brain:1972:FRG,
author = "John V. Brain and Norman S. Fiering and John Freeman
and Leland E. Warren",
title = "Four Replies to {George Steiner}'s Address to the
{Ferguson Seminar in Publishing}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "211--228",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Steiner:1972:AB}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Responses to George Steiner with regard to the
following. The book as we know it has been a
significant phenomenon for only a relatively short span
of history --- about a century and a half --- only in
certain areas and in certain cultures. Today, the
enveloping matrix of our intellectual and emotional
lives is not a reader's climate. The status of the book
is changing, as is the make-up of the
``language-world'' we inhabit. The written word has
become a caption for the visual and the musical image.
Our verbal inheritance is caught between the
semi-literacy of the mass market and the minutia of the
specialist. The written word persists, but new forms
for its circulation will bring alterations of our
sensibilities and modification in our habits of
discovery.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Greene:1972:MMO,
author = "Gordon K. Greene",
title = "From Mistress to Master: The Origins of Polyphonic
Music and as a Visible Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "229--253",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Music is affected by the notation in which it is
recorded. The system of notation devised between 900
and 1200 A.D. in the West allowed composers to be
analytical about simultaneous sounds; subsequent
development of vocal and instrumental art music is a
direct outgrowth of that medieval interest in harmony
and the notation that allowed its studious
investigation. That notation employs principles
familiar today. A system for specifying rhythmic values
was introduces in the twelfth century, with the result
that separate voice parts could be distributed on an
expensive parchment page more economically. Score
arrangement returned with the mass production of paper.
A vast increase in the number of rhythmic signs around
1325 led composers to explore the limits of their
notation, with the result that much of the late
fourteeth-century repertory was written in an extremely
complex manner; composers became interested in the
visual appearance of a composition and designed staff
lines in the shape of a harp, a heart, a circle, etc.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ohlgren:1972:VLO,
author = "Thomas H. Ohlgren",
title = "Visual Language in the {Old English
\booktitle{Cadmonian Genesis}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "253--276",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Although considerable scholarly attention has been
focused on the narrative as a literary form in medieval
literature, literary scholars have generally ignored
the extensive cycles of illuminations, or pictorial
narratives, which accompany some of these texts. This
paper considers the ways in which the artist of one
biblical narrative, the Old English Caefmonian Genesis
(Bodleian Library, MS Junius II), successfully created
a consecutive series of visual episodes which
correspond to the narrative sequence of the poetic
text. The artist and the poet formulated a progressive
chain of incidents, organized to tell a story. The
illustration, furthermore, reveal the artist's
awareness of the poem's content, theme, and style. The
drawings not only approximate visually the iconography
of the poem and highlight the poem's theme, but they
stimulate in a visual language the rhetorical structure
and stylistic features of the poem itself. Emphasis
will be placed on the artist's creation of visual
type-scenes and a symbolic color code. The paper begins
with a consideration of three types of literary
criticism through art.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:CRC,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "On the Cover: a Rubbing of a {Claudian} Bronze
Tablet",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "277--278",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:EDP,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Experimental Design Pages",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "280--280",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gilman:1972:C,
author = "E. W. Gilman and Alf K. Ebsen and Peter Burnhill and
Roy Brewer and Colin Banks and Mark {Ash II} and Harry
Duncan",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "281--284",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See
\cite{Tanselle:1972:C,Banks:1971:BRE,Boyle:1970:EGH}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1972:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "285--287",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "3",
pages = "288--288",
month = "Summer",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gough:1972:OSR,
author = "Philip B. Gough",
title = "One Second of Reading",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "291--320",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Two general topics are discussed: (1) the sequence of
events that transpire in one second of reading, to
suggest the nature of the processes that link them; and
(2) the relation of this description to the acquisition
of reading. Reading involves a rapid succession of
intricate events --- formation of visual icon,
letter-by-letter identification, and association with
meaning through transposition into abstract phonemic
representation --- carried out with amazing rapidity
and coordination in our complex information processing
system. When first approaching reading, the child lacks
the character recognition device (the scanner) and the
device to convert the characters, once recognized, into
systematic phonemic representations (the decoder).
Specification of the mechanism by which letters are
mapped onto entries in our mental lexicon is the
fundamental problem of reading research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marcus:1972:TEC,
author = "Susan Marcus",
title = "The Typographic Element in Cubism, 1911--1915: Its
Formal and Semantic Implications",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "321--340",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "Between 1911 and 1915 Braque and Picasso experimented
with formal considerations of the typographic element.
The two-dimensional quality of alphabetical and
numerical symbols complemented the artists' attempt to
find a new means for depicting three-dimensional
objects within the format of the canvas. The
typographic element assisted in the evolution of
collage by encouraging the replacement of painted
symbols with actual objects pasted to the canvas. The
idea of a letter-word-number form as a sign
representing a concept to which the sign bears no
physical resemblance also provided semantic
implications that these artists explored. In working
with the typographic element, the cubists acknowledged
a common interest shared with contemporaries in
literature and science.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ovink:1972:CRT,
author = "G. W. Ovink",
title = "Changing Responsibilities of the Typographic
Designer",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "341--354",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "At our present level of audio-visual output, we are
faced with a sensory overload. The typographic designer
must help cut this ``mental pollution'' by insisting on
less and better-designed print. He must increase his
understanding of both the readers' and the clients'
attitudes and responses --- while maintaining his
unique contribution as a graphic designer. Primarily
through broadened education and research awareness he
must develop as a general ``informatician.'' The
typographic designer is not playing his rightful role
in the development of new printing technology. He must
assert leadership for flexible development of the new
processes, based on his responsibility as the reader's
representative and on the age-old traditions of graphic
communication.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bedno:1972:PDV,
author = "Ed Bedno",
title = "Program for Developing Visual Symbols",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "355--363",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
abstract = "A programmed procedure involving discrete visual and
verbal steps to stimulate the creative processes
involved in visual design is presented. The program was
used by students in a design school as a guide to the
design of visual symbols. The resulting level of
performance was generally quite high. Results tend to
indicate that this procedure is an accelerated and
efficient method for extending the student's awareness
of the possibility of conscious creativity.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:DVS,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Design a visual symbol for `visible language' --- Win
a ten-year subscription to {{\booktitle{Visible
Language}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "364--364",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bourdon:1972:CWA,
author = "David Bourdon",
title = "Cover: Words about {Ed Ruscha}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "365--368",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Foster:1972:BRF,
author = "Jeremy J. Foster",
title = "Book Reviews: {Frank Smith, \booktitle{Understanding
Reading: a Psycholinguistic Analysis of Reading and
Learning to Read}, New York: Holt, Rinehart \& Winston,
1971. xiv + 239 pages, \$4.95 paper. John Gilliland,
\booktitle{Readability}. London: University of London
Press, 1972. 127 pages. 80p.}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "369--373",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Greenfield:1972:TEW,
author = "Patricia M. Greenfield and Jerome S. Bruner",
title = "The Training Embodied in Written Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "374--374",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpt from the authors' \booktitle{Work with the
Wolog}, Psychology Today (July 1971), pages 78--79.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "375--376",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1972:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "377--379",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "380--380",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1972:IVV,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume VI}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VI",
number = "4",
pages = "381--384",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1972",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:WBM,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Have We Bitten Off More Than We Can Chew? {A}
Reappraisal of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} for Its
25th Issue",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "5--18",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Commentary on the journal by numerous letter
writers.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Olson:1973:GLP,
author = "Richard A. Olson",
title = "{Greek} Letterforms on the {Parthian} Drachms",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "19--40",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "One of the most unusual coinages in antiquity was the
coinage of the Parthian empire, largest of the later
Hellenistic empires. The Parthians were a non-Greek
people who used Greek as their first official language
of state and as the predominant language on their
coins. Their most common denomination, the silver
drachm, bore Greek legends for almost half a
millennium, and the letterforms underwent a significant
transformation in the process. Since the coinage
constitutes the largest body of primary source material
extant concerning ancient Parthia, that transformation
is of significant interest to the classification
historian.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Tritt:1973:LCS,
author = "Carleton S. Tritt",
title = "The Language of Capitalization in {Shakespeare}'s
First Folio",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "41--50",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "The traditional approaches to Elizabethan
capitalization --- conventional noun grouping and
contextual emphasis --- fail to deal adequately with
the many inconsistencies in the age's practice of
capitalization. In addition they do not disclose the
Elizabethan use of the capital letter as a linguistic
indicator of the various emotional connotations of
words. By using a representative sample of 11 of the 36
plays in Shakespeare's first folio, it is possible to
show through patterns of capitalization frequency how
the compositors of the folio used the capital letter to
indicate connotations of emotional charge, elevation,
uniqueness, and poetic respectability in a variety of
words and word groupings.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Poggenpohl:1973:VLE,
author = "Sharon H. Poggenpohl",
title = "{Visible Language}: an Experimental Course",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "51--61",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "An experimental course, Visible Language, at the
Institute of Design in Chicago is discussed. The course
consists of five problems which are presented in terms
of the problem statement and intention, together with
examples of solutions from first-year students. The
problems range from spontaneous visual language
response to perceptual experience, through content-form
explorations, ending with a cooperative venture in
communication.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Proust:1973:ROE,
author = "Marcel Proust",
title = "``{Reading}, in its original essence\ldots{}''",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "62--62",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "From the author's \booktitle{On Reading} (translated
and edited by Jean Autret and William Burford). New
York: Macmillan, 1971; p. 31.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Timko:1973:DTT,
author = "Henry G. Timko",
title = "The Discrimination of Three Types of Graphic Stimuli",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "63--72",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Forty 4-year-olds and forty 6-year-olds were tested on
a matching-to-sample discrimination task to determine
the relationship between social class status and the
visual perception of graphic stimuli which were matched
according to critical feature transformations. English
letters, letter-like forms, and line-drawings of faces
with embedded letters were equally divided into two
confusability levels and three task levels. Analysis of
variance on error scores revealed differences between
age groups, stimulus types, confusability levels, and
task levels. Social class differences were observed on
highly confusable English letters among 6-year-olds but
not among the 4-year-olds. No significant age by social
class differences were found on letter-like forms or
faces.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hochuli:1973:BRE,
author = "Jost Hochuli",
title = "Book Review: {Edward M. Catich's \booktitle{The Origin
of the Serif} Davenport, Iowa: The Catfish Press, St.
Ambrose College, 1968. 8 1/2 $ \times $ 11 1/4 inches,
xii + 310 pages. \$24.00}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "73--91",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See letter \cite{Palladino:1974:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1973:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "93--95",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "1",
pages = "96--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:GIb,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "99--100",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hewes:1973:EFR,
author = "Gordon W. Hewes",
title = "An Explicit Formulation of the Relationship Between
Tool-Using, Tool-Making, and Emergence of Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "101--127",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "If man's propositional language did not begin with
speech, but with a manual gesture or sign-language
system, a plausible model can be built in which
tool-making and tool-using play an important part in
language emergence. Even in modern speaking cultures,
we learn to use tools or weapons mainly by observation
of their use by others, and by signs and gestures ---
rather than through speech. The motor and neural
elements involved in manipulation of objects and in
gestural communication are very similar. The
fundamental visual basis of human cognition is
stressed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Walker:1973:QB,
author = "Martin Walker",
title = "{{\tt Qwerty birthday}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "128--128",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "A hundred years ago last week Christopher Latham
Sholes sold the idea of a production typewriter to
Remington, the American gun and sewing machine
worker.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Friedman:1973:VIE,
author = "Daniel Friedman",
title = "A View: Introductory Education in Typography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "129--144",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Design schools which deal with typography are plagued
with inviable conventions, the phase out of typography
as a handcraft, and an inaccessibility to the
potentials of the newer, more complex, typesetting
systems. Typographic form is being taught in terms of
outdated mechanics and popular fashions; no teaching
methodology exists which will transcend the technical
and stylistic and deal only with the generically
perceptual or visual. The author shows examples of a
simple typography exercise regarding simplicity and
complexity, rhythmic structure, coherency, convention,
unpredictability, legibility and readability.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Downing:1973:LAE,
author = "John Downing",
title = "Is Literacy Acquisition Easier in Some Languages Than
in Others?",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "144--154",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "It is frequently asserted that the Chinese logographic
writing system is more difficult to learn than the
English alphabetic system. This view seems to be based
chiefly on the belief that the large number of Chinese
characters is a heavy burden on the student. But this
may be a misconception for two reasons: (1) there are
far more items to be learned in the English system than
is generally recognized; (2) the sheer number of
characters to be learned is not in itself an important
psychological factor. What is more important is the
extent of redundancy in the system. Numerous
alternatives may conceal the nature of the written code
from the beginner and cause confusion. This and other
variables in the writing system may prevent the child
from perceiving that writing and print are indeed
``visible language.''",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Barber:1973:FEW,
author = "E. J. W. Barber",
title = "Formal Economy of Written Signs",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "155--166",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Those portions of a sign's shape which are
distinctive, yet in themselves valueless, can be viewed
as forming a system. Such systems have ranged
historically from the very loose to the very tight.
When the possibilities of arranging these elements are
also considered, the great range in economy of design
becomes even more apparent. Our own roman script, in
fact, is rather inefficient it these terms; Morse Code,
on the other hand, is quite efficient, though not
perfect. It might prove useful to develop other scripts
based on these principles of internal economy. But
economy of form is not the same as efficiency of use:
it is merely one possible component of efficiency, and
must be carefully distinguished as such.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hartley:1973:RBS,
author = "James Hartley and Susan J. Timson and Peter
Burnhill",
title = "Research in Brief: Subjective Preference and Retrieval
of Information from Reference Materials",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "167--170",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Adapted from the introduction to the author's
\booktitle{Archives in the Ancient World}, Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Visual typographic access to listings of resources is
the subject of this research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Posner:1973:EAA,
author = "Ernest Posner",
title = "Excerpt: Archives in the {Ancient World}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "171--178",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Focusing on archives in Greece, Rome, Egypt and
Meopotamia, the article compares archival criteria with
the present day practice and finds similarities
including: (1) law, (2) administrative action, (3)
accounting, (4) land records and ownership, (5) control
over people with regard to servitude and taxation and
(6) business transactions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Moran:1973:CFR,
author = "James Moran",
title = "Comment: The Future Role of the Printing Historical
Society",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "179--180",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "No abstract.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Standard:1973:BRO,
author = "Paul Standard",
title = "Book Review: {A. S. Osley: \booktitle{LUMINARIO. An
Introduction to the Italian Writing-Books of the 16th
and 17th Centuries}. xiii + 173 pp. with 116
illustrations; plus checklist of 105 first edns; bibl.
of 113 items, \& full index; clothbound sm. folio with
paper wrapper. Nieuwkoop\slash Netherlands: Miland
Publishers, 1972. Price \pounds 21.50 or \$56.50}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "181--188",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Praz:1973:SC,
author = "Mario Praz",
title = "A Secret of Calligraphy",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "189--189",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Extract from the author's \booktitle{Mnemosyne: The
Parallel between Literature and the Visual Arts}.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970; pp.
25--27.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1973:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "190--191",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "2",
pages = "192--192",
month = "Spring",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:APP,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Announcement: MIT Press to Publish
{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "195--195",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "197--198",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Harary:1973:T,
author = "Frank Harary",
title = "Typographs",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "199--208",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "This article was received for publication on January
11, 1970, at which time the name of this journal was as
in reference [2] (Journal of Typographic Research). It
was circulated in preprint form and inspired the
insightful and interesting paper: J. A. Bondy,
\booktitle{The ``graph theory'' of the Greek alphabet}.
\booktitle{Graph theory and applications} (Y. Alavi, et
al., eds.), Berlin: Springer, 1972. Pp. 43--54. This
article was prepared with the assistance of Linda
Bidelman.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Typographs are defined as graphs derived from letters.
A method for classification of letters by their
underlying graphical structure is illustrated. A
classification of the upper-case roman letters is
presented, and tables of typographs are compiled as
well for the roman numerals and the lower-case script
letters. The possibility of devising new alphabets is
mentioned.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Blesser:1973:CRB,
author = "B. Blesser and R. Shillman and C. Cox and T. Kuklinsky
and J. Ventura and M. Eden",
title = "Character Recognition Based on Phenomenological
Attributes",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "209--223",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "A theoretical approach is suggested for describing
upper-case letters not in terms of the physical
attributes of their archetypes but in terms of more
general descriptions of their underlying
representations. A method is presented for finding
these general descriptions through the study of
ambiguous characters. Functional attributes are the
describers of the underlying representations of
letters. The relations between the physical attributes
of the input character and the functional attributes
that specify its identity are given in part by
graphical context rules which incorporate the stylistic
consistency within the character itself and its
neighbors. The implications of our theory of characters
to the areas of computerized character recognition and
type design are noted.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Golomb:1973:FBF,
author = "Solomon W. Golomb",
title = "Forth and Back and Forth",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "224--224",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted from an article by the author in the
\booktitle{Harvard Bulletin}, March 1972.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Douglass:1973:RBB,
author = "Malcolm P. Douglass",
title = "Reading Between and Beyond the Lines",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "225--234",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Adapted from the author's keynote address to the
Fortieth Annual Claremont Reading Conference
(Claremont, Calif. 91711) in February 1973.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Rather than be bound by traditional assumptions about
reading --- e.g., that learning to read is a difficult
task for a child and counter to his natural learning
processes --- we should view reading holistically. A
child's earliest attempts at handling visible language
symbols parallel his earliest efforts to speak and to
listen, and these attempts emerge naturally as a part
of normal human development. We can teach reading only
indirectly. Our efforts should nurture the spontaneous
nature of language learning and should provide the
climate and opportunity for a child to write and to
read in the broadest possible context --- including the
``reading'' of symbols, gestures, works of art, etc.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Viehmeyer:1973:GLC,
author = "L. Allen Viehmeyer",
title = "{Gothic} Letterforms and {{\booktitle{Codex
Vindobonensis}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "235--246",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Traditionally the Gothic bishop Wulfila (c. 311--c.
383) is credited with the development of Gothic
alphabetic letters. The Gothic documents which have
come down to us from the fifth and early sixth century
exhibit letterforms and scribal practices which have
led to various hypotheses about the source(s) of the
Gothic letterforms. Although the existence of Gothic
alphabets in Codex Vindobonensis has been long known,
the lack of an adequate appraisal of the alphabets has
led to their neglect. An appraisal is offered here
which attaches great significance to these alphabets as
evidence of an early phase in the development of Gothic
letterforms, and hence of prime importance for a
derivation of the Gothic alphabet.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cushman:1973:CST,
author = "Donald R. Cushman",
title = "The Cue Summation Theory Tested with Meaningful Verbal
Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "247--260",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "No previous studies pertaining to Hartman's Cue
Summation Theory (``Redundant information
simultaneously presented by the audio and the visual
channels results in greater efficiency in learning than
does the same information in either channel alone.'')
could be found which utilized meaningful verbal
information as stimulus material. Students were
presented fitting this criterion and were tested for
affective responses and cognitive recall. Comparisons
of results were made between three separate
presentation procedures: audio along, visual along, and
combined audiovisual. Comparisons of affective
responses did not indicate significant differences, but
analyses of cognitive data showed the combined
audiovisual treatment resulting in half the number of
errors as either the audio or the visual treatments
alone.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Venturi:1973:ELV,
author = "Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown and Steven
Izenour",
title = "Excerpt: Learning from {Las Vegas}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "261--270",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted from the authors' \booktitle{Learning from
Las Vegas} (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1972), xviii +
188 pages, \$25.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "A class of postmodern thinking is excerpted with
particular attention to the sign value of the
environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Neruda:1973:OT,
author = "Pablo Neruda",
title = "Ode to Typography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "271--275",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Translated from the Spanish by Carlos Lozano; it
appeared in the \booktitle{Chicago Review}, Vol. 17,
No. 1 (1964).",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "A poem describing typographic aesthetics and
significance. A brief description of an organization
and its mandate.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Downing:1973:C,
author = "John Downing",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "276--277",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Scott:1972:GPC}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1973:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "278--279",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "3",
pages = "280--280",
month = "Summer",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "283--284",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hoffman:1973:VSI,
author = "William E. Hoffman",
title = "Vision, Sign, and Inference",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "285--309",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "In this paper I defend the thesis that perceiving ---
and by implication, vision --- is inferential or
semiotic. Whenever a person sees an object, that
object's stimulation of the perceiver functions as a
sign that is interpreted in the conscious response of
the perceiver; the stimulation functions as a premise
from which the perceiver infers a conclusion which is a
conscious response. The argument has two basic steps.
(1) Perception is a three-termed relationship between
the object perceived, a mediating element, and a
conscious response; certain facts about how we perceive
with the minor sense are taken into account, and cases
of identical stimuli resulting in different responses
are suggested as evidence that perception is mediated.
(2) This mediating element takes the form of a sign
which is interpreted by the conscious response, or a
set of premises for which the conscious response is a
conclusion; some of Charles Sanders Peirce's ideas
about perception and signs are developed --- especially
his concept of a percept and a perceptual judgment, and
his classification of signs. There is an important
similarity between the perceptual world taken as a
system of signs and the system of signs we ordinarily
think of as visible language. Just as we learn to read,
we learn to perceive.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Coleman:1973:G,
author = "A. Coleman",
title = "Graphicacy",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "310--310",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted from the author's note in the December 1972
\booktitle{Cartographic Journal}, Journal of the
British Cartographic Society.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kindersley:1973:SC,
author = "David Kindersley",
title = "Space Craft",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "311--324",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "The proper fit or spacing of letters has been next to
impossible using the type-bearing metal rectangular
forms required by typographic engineering; rather, it
has required the letter-by-letter attention of an
artist/letterer. The advent of film composition and
computer technology makes possible again the proper
coordination of spacing and design of letterforms. In
typography, space and letter are one. Optically
adjusted text spacing will require attention to the
subtleties of each letter's optical center and the
inner forces involved in our eyes' perception of these
letterforms. The author's Optical Letter Spacer is
described, and its application for reading research is
discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lehman:1973:HLM,
author = "C. L. Lehman",
title = "Handwriting Legibility: a Method of Objective
Evaluation",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "325--344",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "A rationale and method is presented for objective
evaluation of handwriting according to legibility
criteria for the roman alphabet and its slanted
version, italic: letter angle, letter length, spacing
between letters, and the shaping of counter spaces.
Inaccurate performance of letters according to these
criteria reduces legibility in our roman-reading
culture in proportion to deviation from the system of
visual order. Measurement procedures and a flowchart
description of the computer process are given.
Preliminary findings of a being made between the
commonly taught printscript and a simple italic hand
are noted and identified for potential use in
modification of curriculum design and teaching
practices.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Pollack:1973:PDI,
author = "Michael Pollack",
title = "The {Prophetess Deborah} and the Invention of
Printing",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "345--350",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "A colophon in one of the earliest dated imprints in
the Hebrew language (1475) extols the mystery and power
of the newly invented printing press. Seemingly
unnoticed by printing and bibliographical scholars
working outside the area of Hebraica, the colophon is
translated into English and its poetic composition
discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wright:1973:RBU,
author = "Patricia Wright",
title = "Research in Brief: Understanding Tabular Displays",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "351--359",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
abstract = "Alternative representations of tabular information is
presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Conway:1973:CSG,
author = "Patricia Conway",
title = "Cover: Subway Graffiti in {New York City}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "360--362",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "From an article by the author, \booktitle{Subway
Graffiti: The Message from Underground}.
\booktitle{Print}, XXVII (May\slash June 1973),
25--32.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Banks:1973:BRA,
author = "Colin Banks",
title = "Book Review: {Allen Hutt. \booktitle{Fournier: The
Compleat Typographer}. London: Frederick Muller Ltd,
1973 \pounds 4.50}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "363--364",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "The author of this book, Allen Hutt, died in August,
1973.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Haugen:1973:C,
author = "Einar Haugen and Louis Marck and David Abercrombie",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "365--369",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Stern:1972:OPE,Wrolstad:1972:ER}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1973:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "370--371",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "372--372",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1973:IVV,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume VI}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VII",
number = "4",
pages = "373--376",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1973",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:GIa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "3--4",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Herrick:1974:TAS,
author = "Earl M. Herrick",
title = "A Taxonomy of Alphabets and Scripts",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "5--32",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper describes a taxonomy or system of
classification to describe alphabets and to show the
various degrees of formal similarity which they bear to
one another. The principles of this taxonomy, largely
borrowed from the biological sciences, are briefly
stated; three taxonomic levels, corresponding to three
degrees of similarity, are then defined. For each
level, the paper describes the kinds and degrees of
similarity which alphabets must have to be included
within one taxon; these similarities are illustrated by
several different kinds of taxa and some of the
alphabets which belong to them. Several problems in the
comparison of writing systems which will require
further research are mentioned.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The Appendix that begins on page 30 discusses the
rearrangement of vowels and consonants in words in
Sanskrit (and its descendants).",
}
@Article{Haugen:1974:RSS,
author = "Einar Haugen",
title = "The Rune Stones of {Spirit Pond, Maine}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "33--64",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "The author reports on his official investigation of
the inscription on three rune stones discovered in 1971
by Walter J. Elliott near Spirit Pond, Maine (USA). In
determining the authenticity of the stones as Viking
Age artifacts, three steps were involved: (1)
transcription of the runes, (2) transliteration into
the Latin alphabet, and (3) interpretation of the
meaning of the inscriptions. The relationship of runes
(as alphabetic symbols) to the history of Scandinavian
languages is outlined; special problems of these
inscriptions are discussed: (1) the runes are not those
used in the eleventh or later centuries, (2) spelling
and the use of ``runic'' numerals are inconsistent with
runic and scribal practice, (3) the grammatical form is
unrecognizable as Old Norse, (4) peculiarities relate
directly to the Kensington Stone inscription in
Minnesota. Conclusion: the inscriptions could not have
been carved by Scandinavian Vikings in the Middle Ages,
and probably date since 1932.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Turner:1974:EGM,
author = "E. G. Turner",
title = "Excerpt: {Greek} Manuscripts of the {Ancient World}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "65--82",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Reineck:1974:DBW,
author = "Gay Beste Reineck",
title = "Design in Brief: Word\slash Forms",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "85--88",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Palladino:1974:C,
author = "Robert J. Palladino",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "89--93",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Hochuli:1973:BRE}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1974:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "94--95",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "1",
pages = "96--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:GIb,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "99--100",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Barganz:1974:POR,
author = "Robert A. Barganz",
title = "Phonological and Orthographic Relationships of Reading
Performance",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "101--122",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "This study investigated the use of an intermediate
level of orthographic representation based on the
theoretical framework of transformational-generative
grammar. A general objective was to determine whether a
system of semantic correspondence was utilized when
irrelevant phonetic aspects of orthography were
encountered by good and poor readers from a fifth-grade
population. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial design was employed
to investigate the effects of reading ability (good and
poor), word reality (real and pseudo), and mode of
presentation for stimuli and response items (oral and
written). Good readers performed better than poor
readers at a statistically significant level ($ p <
0.0005$) on those tasks which required recognizing
regularities on a deep level. When regularities were
recognized on a surface level, these differences
between good and poor readers diminished. Good readers
appeared to display a search technique which abandons a
simpler level of correspondence in favor of one more
efficient, one which precludes grapheme/phoneme
correspondences for one directed toward semantic
correspondence.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bormuth:1974:LPE,
author = "John R. Bormuth",
title = "Literacy Policy and the Emerging Technology of
Readability",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "123--135",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "The procedures for predicting and adjusting the
comprehensibility of printed prose have steadily
progressed from the status of an art, through that of a
quasi-science, and are now emerging as a scientific
technology having considerable generality and
precision. Of special interest is the fact that this
body of knowledge has much potential for enhancing the
effectiveness of a nation's efforts to achieve a
desirable level of literacy in its population while, at
the same time, reducing the costs of those efforts.
This paper outlines some of the arguments that favor
accelerating the development of this technology in the
developed nation and the founding of the technology in
the mother tongues of developing nations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:BAG,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "[{Boston} area gravestone]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "136--136",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Duval:1974:IOP,
author = "Francis Duval and Ivan Rigby",
title = "Inscriptions of Our Past",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "137--150",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "A selection of inscriptions on American gravestones
from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are
illustrated. A brief introduction comments on the
urgent need for their recording before further damage
is inflicted upon them.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Shillman:1974:BCR,
author = "R. Shillman and C. Cox and T. Kuklinski and J. Ventura
and M. Eden and B. Blesser",
title = "A Bibliography in Character Recognition: Techniques
for Describing Characters",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "151--166",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "A bibliography is presented in the field of character
recognition. Many of the references are from the fields
of engineering and psychology and deal with various
techniques for describing machine and hand-printed
characters.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Raben:1974:HCL,
author = "Joseph Raben",
title = "The Humanist in the Computer Lab",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "167--177",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "The attempts made so far to utilize computers in
studying the humanities have resulted in a fundamental
analysis of the subject areas themselves rather than in
any significant results. The problems of inputting and
outputting, of determining what processes may
appropriately be employed, and of developing new
processes not derived from the customary numerical
approaches which presently dominate computer thinking
--- all these have retarded what had been expected to
be a dramatic advance into a new order of humanistic
criticism. The most substantial accomplishments to date
have been the rationalized lists of words
(dictionaries, indexes, and concordances) for which the
computer's capacity to sort rapidly without fatigue or
error has accelerated production of these traditional
aids to scholarship. A new breed of humanistic scholar
now evolving --- highly trained genuinely relevant to
his studies --- will contribute to the creation of new
programming languages specially designed for this word,
assist in the training of others who follow, and help
to guide computer-assisted instruction beyond the
mechanistic mode in which it currently operates.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Sutherland:1974:PSS,
author = "Eric Sutherland",
title = "[Photograph of {{\booktitle{Sentence Structures}}}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "178--178",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lettieri:1974:EWC,
author = "Larry Lettieri",
title = "Excerpt: Which Computer Printer When?",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "179--185",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "Discussion of serial, dot-matrix, chain, and drum
printers.",
}
@Article{Banks:1974:BRR,
author = "Colin Banks",
title = "Book Review: {Ruari McLean. \booktitle{Victorian Book
Design and Colour Printing}. London: Faber \& Faber,
1973. \pounds 15}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "187--188",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1974:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "189--191",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "2",
pages = "192--192",
month = "Spring",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "195--196",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Beiman:1974:CPS,
author = "Abbie W. Beiman",
title = "Concrete Poetry: a Study in Metaphor",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "197--223",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "Various characteristics of concrete poetry have been
examined but little attention has been focused on this
art form's contribution to literature. Indeed, the
concrete poem exemplifies a dramatic variation in the
most basic element of poetry: figurative language.
Traditionally, figurative language has established a
relationship between the tangible objects around man
and the intangibles which he seeks to know. The most
common form of such figurative yokings has been the
metaphor, a rope that creates a tension between the
similarities and dissimilarities of the juxtaposed
elements. With concrete poetry the focus of that rope
is no longer just the abstract and spiritual leg of the
metaphor, but the sensory perception of the literal and
concrete as well.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Longuet-Higgins:1974:LM,
author = "H. C. Longuet-Higgins",
title = "The Language of Music",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "224--224",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted from the author's ``\booktitle{The Language
of Music},'' \booktitle{The Times Literary Supplement},
November 20, 1970, pp. 1351--1352.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Frye:1974:RB,
author = "Northrop Frye",
title = "The Renaissance of Books",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "225--240",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "The article attempts to deal with the place of the
book among the instruments of communication in modern
society. The paperback revolution is characterized as a
change in the conception of the book from cultural
monument to intellectual tool. The cultural context of
this change is discussed and the effect of radio and
more particularly television on twentieth-century
society is briefly consulted. The book, the author
points out, can not only be read but unread, consulted
at will as a stationary focus for the community. The
book is the technological instrument that makes
democracy possible, and public access to written
documents the principle that keeps it functioning.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Pearson:1974:WRL,
author = "P. David Pearson and Michael L. Kamil",
title = "Word Recognition Latencies as a Function of Form
Class, Stem Length, and Affix Length",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "241--246",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "This study investigated the effects of form class
(nouns or verbs), stem length (3--10 letters per word)
and affix length of inflicted verbs (`{\o},' \-s,'
`-ed,' or `-ing') on the recognition latency of
visually presented stimuli. Stem length proved to be a
significant source of variation for all words and for
the noun stimuli separately, but not for the verb
stimuli. Subsequent analysis of the verb data revealed
that stem length was a significant source of variation
only on the first block of trials and that the
additional time required for processing affixes is
reduced between the first and fourth block of trials.
The data fit a letter-by-letter interpretation of the
recognition process, modified by a possible morphemic
segmentation strategy for affixes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gray:1974:LS,
author = "Nicolete Gray",
title = "Lettering and Society",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "247--260",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "Lettering is omnipresent in our daily lives and takes
a great variety of forms; it involves two different
types of reading behavior: private and voluntary,
public and involuntary. There is little physical
similarity between the two. Thought of as a medium, the
physical qualities of lettering --- color, form and
dimension --- regain importance. Lettering can transmit
not only the meaning of the words but also an attitude
towards those words. Criteria for which public
lettering should be judged are presented. Socially,
public lettering should enrich our environment through
creative variety of all appropriate letter styles. In
lettering education both the application of geometric
principles and the study of the past are important. The
past can provide models, ideas, and inspiration toward
the many directions lettering can be extended; no
legible letter is obsolete.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Crouwel:1974:PEL,
author = "Wim Crouwel",
title = "A Proposition for Education in Letterforms and
Handwriting",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "261--264",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "Education should provide the means to find a personal
form of expression through letterforms; it should not
be restricted to an established system for copying
existing styles. A new starting point for creating
letterforms (as well as for design in general) ---
based on a system of regular pattern in the widest
sense --- would create a system allowing the greatest
freedom and flexibility. Utility and self-expression
are equally important in teaching a child to write ---
and, at the same time, to recognize patterns and the
basic rules of form and shape.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ehri:1974:RBP,
author = "Linnea C. Ehri and Lee S. Wilce",
title = "Research in Brief: Printed Intonation Cues and Reading
in Children",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "265--274",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "Eighty third- and fourth-graders read one of four
types of printed texts: standard print; print in which
word size was varied to reflect aspects of speech
information (three stress-pitch levels); print in which
word size reflected differences in the grammatical form
class of words; and print in which word size was varied
randomly. Reading speed and comprehension with standard
print were compared to performances with each of the
other texts. Results revealed that the intoned text was
read faster than the standard text by third-graders but
not by fourth-grades. No other major effects were
observed. Findings though preliminary are consistent
with the view that less experienced readers transform
graphic to aural input before deriving a semantic
interpretation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Clay:1974:RBO,
author = "Marie M. Clay",
title = "Research in Brief: Orientation to the Spatial
Characteristics of the Open Book",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "275--282",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "One of the first code-breaking activities for the
beginning reader concerns the arbitrary conventions of
how books are presented. The orientation to the spatial
characteristics of visible language was observed in 4
five-year-old identical girls through the developmental
progression of their hand behavior while reading.
Preliminary theoretical explanations are offered in
terms of bilateral nervous systems, handedness and
reading, and perceptual strategies for visual analysis
of stimuli.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wendt:1974:KBA,
author = "Dirk Wendt and Fernand Baudin",
title = "{Kurzfassung der Beitr{\"a}ge} [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {German} and {French}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "283--285",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "3",
pages = "287--287",
month = "Summer",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "291--292",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gelb:1974:RWD,
author = "I. J. Gelb",
title = "Records, Writing, and Decipherment",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "293--318",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "Written records together with material remains derived
from excavations form the main bases for our
understanding of past civilizations and their
underlying language systems. There is no systematic
treatment of written records, and little attention has
been paid to the interrelationship between ancient
writing and language. Full systems of writing express
language at two levels --- morphological and phonetic
--- which give rise to three basic writing systems
types --- logo-syllabic, syllabic, and alphabetic. Four
categories of decipherment --- based on our relative
knowledge of the writing system and the language ---
are discussed: known writing/known language; unknown
writing/known language; known writing/unknown language;
and unknown writing/unknown language. From a
cryptanalytic point of view there are two general
decipherment methods: (1) utilization of external
information to determine probable contents (e.g.,
bilingual texts,) and (2) internal information from an
analysis of the text itself (structure and typology).
The assumption of the underlying language is critical
for deciphering procedures and provides the test of
successful decipherment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Germain:1974:FSI,
author = "Edward Germain",
title = "Four Surrealist Images",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "319--332",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "Surrealism has consistently asserted its desire to
comprehend the essence of thought --- a statement
usually read in aesthetic terms by art and literary
critics or in clinical terms by psychological critics.
If this statement is taken more literally, certain
overlooked insights arise, including the hypothesis
that the surrealists' search for an ultimate synthesis
may itself reflect a structure of the mind.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marcus:1974:IVS,
author = "Aaron Marcus",
title = "An Introduction to the Visual Syntax of Concrete
Poetry",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "333--360",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Mayer:1975:Ca,Kinniburg:1975:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "Many different forms of concrete poetry have emerged
in the past twenty years. One way to appreciate,
describe, and compare these works is to examine them in
terms of their visual syntax. This includes emphasis on
figure-field relationships, implied depths, spatial
structure, and movement. Examples are presented which
illustrate basic types of visual organization and are
analyzed to relate their visual syntax to their total
meaning. This initial classification could be
elaborated and supplemented to provide a basis for a
semiotic of concrete poetry.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{damen:1974:ETT,
author = "herman damen",
title = "excerpt: towards a three-dimensional pouitry",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "361--368",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The article text is entirely in lowercase.",
}
@Article{Kostka:1974:AG,
author = "Robert Kostka",
title = "Aspects of Graffiti",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "369--375",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
abstract = "As a natural part of our environment, graffiti is both
spontaneous and functional --- free from design
conventions and often the sole communication weapon of
an oppressed people. It can be a personal
identification or it can mark the boundaries for an
urban street gang. Its history is probably as old as
writing itself. Graffiti has adapted personal
expression to whatever space, writing tool, surface, or
viewing requirements the environment demands.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1974:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Felix Beltran",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "376--378",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "380--380",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1974:IVV,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume VIII}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "VIII",
number = "4",
pages = "382--384",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1974",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:GIa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "3--4",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:BC,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Brief Communications",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "5--6",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The pages are output on a 100dpi Mead Dijit (Direct
Image by Jet Ink Transfer) device.",
}
@Article{Venezky:1975:CRL,
author = "Richard L. Venezky",
title = "The Curious Role of Letter Names in Reading
Instruction",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "7--23",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Arnheim:1975:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "For about two thousand years educators assumed without
question that learning the letter names in their proper
sequence was a prerequisite for literacy. Learning the
ABC's became synonymous with learning to read. But
today there is disagreement over the value of early
letter-name training. Some claim that it aids letter or
word discrimination; some claim that it aids attaching
sound to letter, and some claim that it interferes with
both of these tasks. An analysis of the letter names
and of experimental and pedagogic evidence lends little
support to the claims of letter-naming benefits. In
several countries --- including the United State, the
Soviet Union, and Israel --- letter-name knowledge has
been found to interfere with learning to attach sound
to letter. But letter-name knowledge has also been
shown to be one of the best single predictors of
reading success, and no matter what is shown
experimentally about the utility of letter names, they
are efficient labels for the letters and an inseparable
element in the popular concept of reading
instruction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Steig:1975:CDB,
author = "William Steig",
title = "{C D B!}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "24--24",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Reprint of letter cartoons from the author's book of
the same title, New York: Windmill Books, Inc., Simon
\& Schuster, Inc. (1968).",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{King:1975:RDW,
author = "Terrance J. King",
title = "Radial Design in {Wallace Stevens}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "25--46",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "In some early cases of Stevens poems there is evidence
of a typographical pattern I call ``radial design,'' a
device in which the poet selects a central unit (such
as a word) and on both sides evenly arranges a pattern
of other units. Radial design is no accident. One finds
not only a definite historical consistency in the way
the pattern develops but also a tight continuity
between it and ideas about language and perception
expressed in the poems themselves. Stevens' overall aim
is to impose this fixed, spatial structure upon the
sequential flow of a poem in order to suspend the
representational function of its language and thus
compel us to observe words as things in themselves.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Dole:1975:CWD,
author = "William Dole and Gerald Nordland",
title = "The Collages of {William Dole}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "47--56",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "William Dole's painted collages are formal
compositional inventions, balancing pictorial elements
and sensitive saturations of color-form with
unintelligible signs --- the calligraphy of type,
symbol, diagram, and handwriting --- which seduce one's
eyes and provoke uncertain readings. The artist also
comments on his own work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hauser:1975:PRL,
author = "Robert A. Hauser",
title = "Photographic Restoration of Letterforms",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "57--66",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "The creation, for exhibition purposes, of a
photographically restored facsimile of a damaged
nineteenth-century lithograph is discussed, with
emphasis on the varieties of deterioration that can
affect letterforms and on the principles of
conservation and restoration. The paper follows the
sequence of deterioration and conservation of the
artwork, looking at the typographic restoration in
detail. Some discussion about the archival nature of
the print and museum conservation in general is a
necessary prerequisite to understand the preferences
for choosing the ultimate photographic restoration
processes used to restore the missing letterforms,
which is the primary concern of the article.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Groff:1975:RBS,
author = "Patrick Groff",
title = "Research in Brief: Shapes as Cues to Word
Recognition",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "67--71",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "The theory that ``shape'' provides a useful learning
cue for a child's early recognition of a word had been
maintained by various writers, but it has not been
verified by research. An analysis of similar shapes for
high-frequency words also argues against using shape as
a cue for word recognition. The broader concept of word
shape (or contours) is considered and deeper research
suggested.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Charyn:1975:AFL,
author = "Jerome Charyn",
title = "{Azazian} is a frenetic language \ldots{}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "72--72",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Except from the author's book, \booktitle{Eisenhower,
My Eisenhower}, New York: Holt, Rinehart \& Winston.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Doblin:1975:ESA,
author = "Jay Doblin and Inder Agrawal and Marianna Porter and
Robert Peterson",
title = "Excerpt: Simplifying the {ABC}'s",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "73--86",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted from an article in the January\slash
February 1974 issue of \booktitle{Industrial Design}
magazine.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "How efficient is the roman alphabet? Not very in an
age when man-to-man and man-to-machine exchanges are so
vital to our communication processes. The efficiency of
the alphabet is discussed in terms of information
theory, and a new system of letterform design --- an
extension of the familiar seven-stroke electronic
numerals --- is proposed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
keywords = "BASIC letterform; Braille alphabet; Evans--Epps
letterform",
}
@Article{Nesbitt:1975:CDL,
author = "Alexander Nesbitt",
title = "Comment: The Designer and Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "87--89",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "A brief commentary on the subject by a designer and
educator.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{sandberg:1975:AT,
author = "willem sandberg",
title = "art and typography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "90--90",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The text is entirely in lowercase.",
}
@Article{Mayer:1975:Ca,
author = "Peter Mayer and James Mosley and Hermann Zapf",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "91--92",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Commentary on the phrase ``26 (more or less) soldiers
(of lead).'', plus Zapf's disapproval of the cover, and
threat to resign from the Advisory Board. See response
to Zapf \cite{Mayer:1975:Cb}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1975:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Felix Beltran",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "93--95",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "1",
pages = "96--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:GIb,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "99--100",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Conley:1975:VSP,
author = "Tom Conley",
title = "Verbal Shape in the Poetry of {Villon} and {Marot}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "101--122",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "Generally speaking lyrics written in the early years
of the printing press cannot be read in editions other
than their own. A visual aesthetic informing the poetic
texture of Fran{\c{c}}ois Villon and Cl{\'e}ment Marot
is essential to an understanding of their work: Le
Grant Testament of 1489 in gothic font and the physical
shape of the epitaphs and rondeaux of the Adolescence
Cl{\'e}mentine use in a differential manner the absence
of volume on the page's two-dimensional surface to
elaborate a human drama of three dimensions. Thus their
dialogue between voice and space or discourse and
figure is always an open one, showing in its
punctuation the areas of mediation and desire that
generate great lyric poetry.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Antonsen:1975:IWS,
author = "Elmer H. Antonsen",
title = "The Inscription of the {Whetstone} from {Str{\o}m}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "123--132",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "The runic inscription on the Whetstone from Str{\o}m
in Norway is of particular interest because it
represents the earliest attestation of a work-song in
the Germanic languages. Archeologists cannot aid in the
dating of this inscription, since no other objects were
found with the whetstone. Previous attempts to fix a
date on the basis of runic and linguistic evidence have
relied on ad hoc assumptions concerning phonological
developments and the relative age of certain runic
variants. It is shown that the inscription can be
interpreted without such ad hoc hypotheses and the
work-song must date from approximately 450--500 A.D. at
the latest, rather than from the beginning of the
seventh century as previously assumed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Herrick:1975:LAB,
author = "Earl M. Herrick",
title = "Letters with Alternative Basic Shapes",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "133--144",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "In many written languages there are letters each of
which may be embodied by marks having more than one
basic shape. For each occurrence of such a letter, the
shape of the mark used to embody it is normally
selected according to the circumstances in which the
letter occurs. Thus, some alternative basic shapes are
appropriate to certain places in a word or another part
of a text; some are used by different dialects; some
belong to different co-scripts (subdivisions of a
script that each have basic shapes for all of its
letters); some are used by certain typefaces or styles
of handwriting. This paper discusses these several
kinds of variation among basic shapes, and gives
examples from several scripts.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Suen:1975:HEB,
author = "Ching Y. Suen",
title = "Handwriting Education --- a Bibliography of
Contemporary Publications",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "145--158",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "This bibliography presents some contemporary
references related to handwriting education. The varied
collection is aimed at providing the researcher with
extensive up-to-date source materials on handwriting
instruction, systems and practices, instruments,
quality and methods of evaluation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{ODonnell:1975:MRC,
author = "Thomas D. O'Donnell",
title = "{Maurice Roche}: Cr{\^a}ne, Carne",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "159--172",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "Maurice Roche has distinguished himself from the more
traditional nouveau roman through the role he accords
to language and through the phenomenon of
intertextuality in his three novels, Compact, Circus,
and Codex. His approach to both phenomena is well
illustrated by the pun ``carne/cr{\^a}ne'' to which he
constantly returns in Circus. The cr{\^a}ne, suggesting
death, and the carne, suggesting sexuality, may be seen
as the traditional polarities of the eros/thanatos
axis, and substantiate an anagrammatic reading of
Circus' title: cri, or death, and cu(l)s, or sex. The
pun, as the intersection of two or more signs, becomes
for Roche the intersection of two or more sign systems:
the spoken word, the written word, and the layout of
the printed page. It is in his refusal to accept the
linearity of a novelistic text that Roche is the most
avant-garde.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{AIGA:1975:DPP,
author = "{American Institute of Graphic Arts}",
title = "The Development of Passenger\slash Pedestrian Oriented
Symbols for Use in Transportation-Related Facilities",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "173--185",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "The American Institute of Graphic Arts in cooperation
with the United States Department of Transportation,
Office of Facilitation, has created 34 passenger and
pedestrian oriented symbols for use in
transportation-related facilities. The intent of the
project was to produce a consistent and interrelated
group of symbols to bridge the language barrier and
simplify basic messages at domestic and international
travel facilities. The working process attempted to
take full advantage of strong forms only where no
satisfactory concepts existed. The report includes
detailed descriptions of the process employed to create
the symbols as well as guidelines for their use.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Mayer:1975:Cb,
author = "Peter Mayer and Ken Komai",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "186--188",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Marcus:1974:IVS,Mayer:1975:Ca}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1975:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "189--191",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "2",
pages = "192--192",
month = "Spring",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "195--196",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Steinberg:1975:RBS,
author = "Danny D. Steinberg and Miho T. Steinberg",
title = "Reading Before Speaking",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "197--224",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "It is generally believed children are not ready to
read until about 5 years and that speech production is
a necessary and desirable basis for teaching
methodology. In this study, a four-phase program ---
Alphabet Familiarization: Alphabet Identification;
Word, Phrase, and Sentence Identification; and Text
Reading --- was administered to a subject, beginning at
6 months of age. Significant reading skills were
acquired during the subject's pre-speech period. By
three and a half years the subject read short sentences
fluently, and by 8 years, his speech and accuracy
equaled eleventh graders. A mongoloid child who was
administered the program at a later age (at 5 year) now
reads 48 words and 5 phrases and sentences. It is
concluded that most current notions on reading
readiness and on the role of speech production in
teaching methodology require reconsideration.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Moxley:1975:AWS,
author = "Roy A. {Moxley, Jr.}",
title = "Acquisition of Writing Skills",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "225--248",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "Acquisition of writing skills is viewed as a reduction
of alternatives. Various levels and aspects of early
writing are examined --- including mirror-image
reversals --- in terms of a selection from an
adjustable number of alternatives. It is argued that
allowing information processing to proceed in adaptive
stages will result in writing skills that are more
accurate, complete, and individualized.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Mendel:1975:LTI,
author = "Mark Mendel",
title = "Line Transmitter Installation --- a Poem in the
Environment",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "249--262",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "Ojos Numerosos is a poem of twenty-three three-line
stanzas. It was written to be painted on the sides of
buildings, on viaducts, and on other urban surfaces
where graffiti is typically found. The verses are in
random series and are interchangeable within the poem.
They form a chain in the experience of the person
moving about town. People confront this poem as they do
graffiti or corporate-graffiti/advertising every day.
Poetry predates writing and printing. The recent
tradition of poetics as a possession of the educated
elite grew from its confinement to the printed page; I
want this poem to fit the viaduct as the sonnet was
once felt to fit the page. This is the sprayed word ---
the continuous simultaneous transmission of a poem into
the environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kristeller:1975:MRR,
author = "Paul Oskar Kristeller",
title = "Methods of Research in Renaissance Manuscripts",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "263--275",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "The use and study of manuscripts brings us into direct
physical contact with the past, both enriching our
original source material and opening new research
dimensions and perspectives. Unfortunately, manuscript
references in text editions or secondary studies are
often wrong, incomplete, or antiquated. Meticulous,
first-hand searching out of individual references is
most important, as is direct inspection of the
manuscript or its reproduction. Whenever practical, it
is advisable to scan or read completely and
systematically all available printed catalogues and
handwritten inventories. Special difficulties in
finding pertinent manuscripts --- even in familiar
collections --- are discussed. Each manuscript is a
unique research resource --- deserving careful
preservation, adequate cataloging, and greater
accessibility.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anno:1975:EAA,
author = "Mitsumasa Anno",
title = "Excerpt from {{\booktitle{Anno's Alphabet: An
Adventure in Imagination}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "276--276",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Photographs from the author's book, New York: Thomas
Y. Crowell Company.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Mountford:1975:CMA,
author = "John Mountford",
title = "Comment: The Medial Aspect of Language: a Linguistic
Framework for Literacy",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "277--281",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "This is a brief article defining the branches of the
discipline of linguistics.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kinniburg:1975:C,
author = "Ian A. G. Kinniburg",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "282--285",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Marcus:1974:IVS}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The letter is illustrated with unusual world map
projections.",
}
@Article{Baudin:1975:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "285--287",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "3",
pages = "288--288",
month = "Summer",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "291--292",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Watt:1975:WPC,
author = "W. C. Watt",
title = "What Is the Proper Characterization of the Alphabet?
{I}. {Desiderata}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "293--327",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "To a point an alphabet can be viewed as a ``language''
and described by a ``grammar''; however, since for any
such language many different grammars are possible, to
take the ``linguistic'' analog seriously is to want to
find criteria for judging which ``correct'' grammar is
``best.'' If we grant that the alphabet's users have
some systematic mental representation of the alphabet,
then the basis for this judgment is clear: that grammar
is best which best approximates to the system that
people have in their heads. To show how psychological
evidence bears on this question, two sophisticated
``linguistic'' analyses of the alphabet are examined;
the conclusion is drawn that the evidence points toward
another analysis.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:RC,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Research Connection",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "328--328",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ascher:1975:QVL,
author = "Marcia Ascher and Robert Ascher",
title = "The Quipu as a Visible Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "329--356",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "The Inca are often cited as a civilization ``without
writing.'' But writing is more than a record of
language sounds placed upon familiar materials. The
media of the Inca were devices made of cotton cords
that are called quipus. This introduction to the quipu
is based upon a recent study of most of the world's
known quipus now spread throughout three continents and
concentrates on what we infer to be the way the
physical elements of quipus are combined to create a
symbolic structure; i.e., the representation of
numbers, the expression of N-dimensional arrays, and
hierarchical configurations. A discussion of the
connections between the quipus and civilization
includes: (1) cotton as a material which carried its
own message for the Inca; (2) reflections of the quipu
in non-media domains of Inca civilization; and (3) the
purpose of writing in early civilization.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Robson:1975:OWW,
author = "Ernest M. Robson",
title = "An Orthographic Way of Writing {English} Prosody",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "357--372",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
abstract = "An alphabetic process for cueing readers to speak the
three dimensions of sound in speech has been
constructed: fundamental frequency, duration, and
intensity. A scanning model based on differences in the
apparent levels of the three dimensions is presented.
Considerations of the information in an alphabetic
approach are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Feagler:1975:RTN,
author = "Dick Feagler",
title = "{RTA} --- The Transit Network?",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "373--374",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Comment on the logos of the Regional Transit Authority
and the Radio Corporation of America.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Arnheim:1975:C,
author = "Rudolf Arnheim and Peter Mayer",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "375--377",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Arnheim comments on the orientation of roman capitals,
and Mayer on letternames \cite{Venezky:1975:CRL}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1975:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "378--379",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "380--380",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1975:IVI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume IX}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "IX",
number = "4",
pages = "381--384",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1975",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:GIa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "3--4",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1976:MVL,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "A Manifesto for Visible Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "5--40",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Hewes:1976:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Mounting research evidence from the sciences, the
humanities, and the visual arts prompts this call for a
reassessment of some of the basic operating principles
of language study. Linguistic research has not
adequately clarified the relationship among three
components: our inner organization of language
(comlang) and its expression as visible language and as
audible language. The visible and the audible language
systems are discrete; one system cannot be interpreted
in terms of the other, and it is not the fit between
systems which is of first importance but how each
operates independently. Language is of a piece with
total human development. Research is reported which
indicates that a closer affinity exists between man's
internal information processing network and the visible
language system --- both for the way we handle language
today and for the way in which our behavioral patterns
were established during the origin and early
development of language. An appeal is issued for
additional research and theory to study the critical
issues.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gaskell:1976:NLR,
author = "Phillip Gaskell",
title = "Nomenclature of the Letterforms of Roman Type",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "41--51",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Hewes:1976:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "While the organization of nomenclature for the
elements of letterforms has had a long history, there
is today no fully codified system. This paper attempts
to define all of the necessary terms for naming the
parts of the printed images of roman types in one
self-consistent system, and to illustrate their use.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
keywords = "arm; ascender; ascender line; bar; base line; body;
bowl; bracketed; calligraphic; capital line; capitals;
contraction; contrast; counter; descender; descender
line; diagonal; diphthong; ear; face; fount; hair-line;
inscriptional; kern; ligature; link; majuscules; mean
line; minuscules; sanserif; serif; set; shoulder; slab;
sort; spur; stem; stress; stroke; tail; terminal;
titling''; typeface; weight; x-height",
}
@Article{Oldenburg:1976:AGC,
author = "Claes Oldenburg",
title = "Alphabet Goodhumor --- Cloth Study, 1972--73",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "52--52",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Photograph of art work.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{White:1976:ASA,
author = "John J. White",
title = "The Argument for a Semiotic Approach to Shape Writing:
The Case of {Italian} Futurist Typography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "53--86",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Using futurist poetic experiments as its demonstration
object, this paper explores what advantages a semiotic
approach has in the investigation of shaped writing.
The examples considered are seen to belong to the class
of iconic signs, and the concept of iconicity is shown
to offer both a more systematic and differentiating
method of analyzing their constituent parts than the
traditional mimetic model did. Consideration is given
to the way in which Gestalt psychology has modified the
definition of iconicity to take account of codes of
recognition and graphic conventions. Examples of such
codes and conventions are explored and attention is
paid to the signaling of new codes within an innovative
work. Finally, the relationship between the
signification of dynamism in futurist painting and
poetry is compared in order to show how a semiotic
model is able to distinguish between iconic,
conventionalized, and codified elements; particular
attention is paid here to the accommodation of iconic
effects to the medium of print.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{vanKrimpen:1976:BRJ,
author = "Huib van Krimpen",
title = "Book Review: {Jan Tschichold on Typography: Jan
Tschichold, \booktitle{Ansgew{\"a}hlte Anfs{\"a}tze
{\"u}ber Fragen der Gestalt des Buches und der
Typographie} (Selected Essays on Book Design and
Typography). Basel: Birkh{\"a}user Verlag, 1975; ISBN
3-7643-0711-0, 23 Swiss Francs}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "87--90",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1976:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "91--93",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "95--95",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:BS,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{Burma Shave}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "1",
pages = "96--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Photograph of widely-seen advertising sign from Frank
Rowsome, Jr., \booktitle{The Verse by the Side of the
Road: The Story of the Burma-Shave Signs and Jingles},
The Stephen Greene Press (Brattleboro, Vermont
05310).",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:GIb,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "99--100",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wanat:1976:RR,
author = "Stanley F. Wanat",
title = "Reading Readiness",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "101--127",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "The nature and assessment of reading readiness are
considered through an examination of factors in reading
readiness, and through an examination of purposes and
principles in reading readiness assessment. Skills in
extant reading readiness tests are identified, and
subskill categories derived from research on reading
readiness, reading acquisition, and reading achievement
are considered. These skills include attention and
automaticity; linguistic awareness; understanding of
the task; letter, letter-sequence, word, and
word-sequence skills; and flexibility in reading.
Effects of instructional factors on reading readiness
are also considered. The providing of information for
instructional decision-making is identified as the
major purpose of reading readiness assessment. Twelve
principles for the design and use of reading readiness
tests are developed, and twelve major categories of
factors that should be considered in an assessment of
reading readiness are identified. It is argued that
reading readiness should be conceptualized and assessed
in terms of the specific reading skill or skills
demanded by the task confronting the learner.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Zenker:1976:S,
author = "Helmut Zenker",
title = "{Sunday}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "128--128",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted from Alan Riddell, \booktitle{Typewriter
Art}, London: London Magazine Editions, 1975.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Nelson:1976:JMC,
author = "T. M. Nelson and C. J. Ladan",
title = "Judgment of Meaningfulness of {Chinese} Characters by
{English}-Speaking Observers",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "129--143",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Liu and Chuang (1970) obtained measures of
meaningfulness for 1,200 Chinese characters from
ratings made by literate Chinese. A sample of these
characters rated by persons unfamiliar with Chinese
showed that the amount of perceptual information
conveyed to English-speaking observers correlates with
Liu and Chuang's index for Chinese-speaking
individuals. For English-speaking observers,
meaningfulness appears more closely related to visual
form characteristics than is the case for the Chinese
reader. Results of the study provide a further
hypothesis: that the Chinese language evolved according
to a visual ``simplicity'' principle. Results also
suggest that conclusions from some experiments
involving Chinese characters as stimuli may be limited
by ignorance of the role that visual dimensions play in
discrimination of language forms.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Segalen:1976:CCP,
author = "Victor Segalen",
title = "[{Chinese} characters and poem]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "144--144",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpt from the author's \booktitle{Stele du chemin
de l'ame}, The Greenwood Press (San Francisco, CA
94133), 1976.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Orth:1976:LND,
author = "Bernard Orth and Hans Weckerle and Dirk Wendt",
title = "Legibility of Numerals Displayed in a $ 4 \times 7 $
Dot Matrix and Seven-Segment Digits",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "145--155",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Conventional and especially designed numerals in 4 x 7
dot matrices and 7-segment displays were
tachistoscopically presented to, and identified by,
human observers. The number of errors made in this
identification task were analyzed as a measure of
legibility in terms of information transmission. It is
shown that the representation of digits in such
matrices can be improved by appropriate design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Parker:1976:HFC,
author = "George A. Parker",
title = "How to find characters per pica for caps",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "156--156",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ranta:1976:PPG,
author = "Jerrald Ranta",
title = "Palindromes, Poems and Geometric Form",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "157--172",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Reprinted from the author's article in
\booktitle{College English}, XXXXVI (October 1974),
161--172, National Council of Teachers of English.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Emphasizing the similarities between the form of the
palindrome and the forms of certain modern American
short poems, I urge the recognition of a unique kind of
little-studied, modern, cyclic, poetic form which,
lacking an established term, I call ``palindromic''
form. Widely used by twentieth-century American poets,
this kind of form is distinguishable from the
better-known, traditional kinds of poetic form, though
it sometimes occurs in combination with them. Cedric
Hubbell Whitman's discussion of ring composition and
hysteron proteron in the Iliad reveals the classical
origin of this form and suggests that its larger class
is geometric form.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marcus:1976:CPP,
author = "Aaron Marcus and Joe Rothrock",
title = "A Course in Poetry and Printing",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "173--182",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "An experimental course was devised in which students
with backgrounds in poetry and in the graphic arts
worked to discover essential relationships between
verbal and visual poetic statement. The course
organization utilized a university environment to the
fullest and is offered as a prototypical case study.
Students participated in a series of multidisciplinary
guest lectures and in studio-based development of
creative projects. Their work eventually moved beyond
the more traditional views of the poetry-printing
dialectic conceived for the course and resembled more
the creative speculation of avant-garde art.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Banks:1976:BRF,
author = "Colin Banks",
title = "Book Review: {F. E. Pardoe, \booktitle{John
Baskerville}. London: Muller, 1976; ISBN 0-584-10354-9;
\pounds 9.50}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "183--188",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1976:EN,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "{Editor}'s Note",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "188--188",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "The typeface you are now reading is Baskerville. In
fact, since our first issue in 1967, the basic text and
display typeface used in this journal has been
Baskerville. The modification of a basic typeface is
illustrated in the variations of Baskerville produced
by the four different composing systems we have used
during this period: Volumes I through VIII were
produced on hot-metal composing machines --- Volumes I
and II by Linotype, Volumes III through VIII by
Monotype. Volumes IX and X were produced on
phototypesetting equipment --- Volume IX, Number I, on
the VariTyper by Addressograph Multigraph Corporation,
and all numbers since then on Monophoto equipment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1976:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French} and {German}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "189--190",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "2",
pages = "192--192",
month = "Spring",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "195--196",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Littlewood:1976:ISB,
author = "A. R. Littlewood",
title = "An `Ikon of the Soul`: The {Byzantine} Letter",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "197--226",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Byzantine epistolographic concepts are a natural
development of the concepts of classical antiquity, and
especially of the Second Sophistic, that were adapted
to fit the requirements of Christian ontology. The
surviving letters were intended not always to convey
information, for which the courier or ``living letter''
was often responsible, but usually to fulfill the
obligations and genuine needs of friendship and to
serve as much prized pieces of literary art in their
own right. In the one case the letter was deemed an
``ikon of the soul,'' creating an illusion of the
presence of the writer and thereby demanding tokens of
his individual characteristics. In the other it was
required to be original within the strict framework
imposed by the imitation of ancient models; and by
adherence to changing stylistic canons it came both to
foster obscurity and to embrace subject-matter not
commonly associated with the letter.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gomringer:1976:PMS,
author = "Eugen Gomringer",
title = "Poetry as a Means for the Structuring of a Social
Environment",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "227--241",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Translated by Mark E. Cory.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "From the outset, the movement of concrete poetry has
regarded the poet as a conscious participant in a team
of designers dedicated to the aesthetic restructuring
of society. To participate, the poet had to study
fields not normally associated with poetry, e.g.,
architecture, advertising graphics, and typography. His
contribution in turn has been to provide craftsmen in
other fields with models for the solution of their own
verbal problems. The goal of such a poetry involves
entertainment, but goes beyond the immediacy of this
game-activity to include an awakening of aesthetic
sensibility, especially to the world of type, print,
and sound. A review of the interrelationships between
concrete poetry, industrial design, and the plastic
arts over the past fifteen years illustrates the sort
of team work necessary if poets are to have an active
voice in our contemporary society.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Panian:1976:U,
author = "Ed Panian",
title = "Untitled",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "242--242",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Signatories of the Declaration of Independence.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Weiss:1976:S,
author = "Jack Weiss",
title = "Statements 76",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "243--246",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "To honor the American Bicentennial, the Society of
Typographic Arts in Chicago organized the exhibition
Statements 76 ``to revitalize the words that inspired
the American Revolution.'' Appropriate quotations from
that historic period were the dominant element in a
wide variety of media --- from sculpture to a patchwork
quilt.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Otto:1976:OHE,
author = "Wayne Otto and Cathy Stallard",
title = "One Hundred Essential Sight Words",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "247--252",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Sight word lists have been used since before 20 BC and
have changed forms many times. Today sight word lists
are numerous and are widely and variously used. They
differ in terms of source, intended purpose and/or
audience, and criteria for including specific words.
Despite these differences, there is much agreement that
they do reflect the most basic words in our language
and that there is a high degree of commonality among
them. This report identifies the one hundred sight
words which appeared in sixteen major sight word
lists.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The 100 words are: a; about; after; again; all; an;
and; any; are; at; away; be; big; but; by; came; come;
could; did; do; down; for; from; get; go; good; got;
had; has; have; he; her; here; him; his; how; I; if;
in; is; it; just; know; like; little; look; made; make;
me; my; new; no; not; now; of; off; old; on; one; our;
out; over; put; right; said; saw; say; see; she; so;
some; take; that; the; them; then; there; they; think;
this; three; to; too; two; up; us; want; was; we; went;
were; what; when; where; who; will; with; would; you;
your",
}
@Article{Perrin:1976:DIK,
author = "Stephen G. Perrin",
title = "{Declaration of Independence} Kit",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "253--256",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Excerpted permission from the author's
\booktitle{Rutabaga in Eight Languages}",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "This ``poem'' is a spoof on the nature of the alphabet
and writing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Johnson:1976:MPH,
author = "Dale D. Johnson and Richard L. Venezky",
title = "Models for Predicting How Adults Pronounce Vowel
Digraph Spellings in Unfamiliar Words",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "257--268",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "This study explored the relationships between type and
token frequencies and contextual position effects in
pronunciation of written English. Specifically, the
major question was whether or not vowel cluster
pronunciation preferences of adult readers were more
affected by frequency of occurrence than by graphemic
environment. Two opposing hypotheses were tested
regarding four vowel diagraph spellings. Six synthetic
words were constructed for each vowel cluster according
to contextual and word position constraints. The
subjects were 51 undergraduates whose task was to read
the synthetic words and note how they pronounced the
underlined vowel cluster. Three models were constructed
to assess the hypotheses and to predict responses for
each vowel cluster. The models were a final consonant
model, a variant type-token model, and an invariant
principal response model. Several data analysis
techniques were used. The final consonant model was
superior to the other two models, but it was found that
other factors, not yet assessed, were present in the
results.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Greengold:1976:C,
author = "Jane Greengold and Chris Tanz",
title = "``{Correspondences}''",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "269--276",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "``Correspondences'' explores the correspondence
between concrete poetry and conceptual art; between
postal language and ordinary language; between
sending/receiving letters and private theater. The
article presents part of an actual correspondence
between friends/poet-artists attending to the act and
experience of corresponding, and making the language of
correspondence visible.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hewes:1976:C,
author = "Gordon W. Hewes and Alan Lomax and Martyn Hitchcock
and Philip Gaskell",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "277--283",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See
\cite{Wrolstad:1976:MVL,Gaskell:1976:NLR,Herrick:1977:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1976:SOM,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation
of \booktitle{Visible Language}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "283--283",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The report says 1588 average copies per issue for past
twelve months.",
}
@Article{Baudin:1976:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "284--287",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "3",
pages = "288--288",
month = "Summer",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "291--292",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Venezky:1976:ISI,
author = "Richard L. Venezky",
title = "An Introduction to This Special Issue",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "293--294",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Jaquith:1976:DAP,
author = "James Jaquith",
title = "Digraphia in Advertising: The Public as Guinea Pig",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "295--308",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See comments \cite{Herrick:1977:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Orthographic conventions adopted by advertisers for
many consumer products depart significantly from
ordinary standards of correctness. e.g., ARRID, BISKIT,
MIX, DETANE, KLEEN, WHEY-FERS. This paper analyzes more
than 1,500 expressions of this practice and suggests
that advertising spelling (1) constitutes the graphic
analog of what linguists call diglossia, (2) has
influenced the criteria by which English readers judge
correctness in spelling, and (3) is made possible by
special properties of the graphic-phonological system
with which English is written.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Secrist:1976:IEO,
author = "Robert H. Secrist",
title = "Internalization of {English} Orthographic Patterns",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "309--322",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "This paper examines (1) the patterns of regularity
underlying the largely superficial chaos of English
orthography, (2) the extent --- or the lack --- of
internalization of both these patterns and the graphic
representations of specific phonemes in different
environments, (3) the reactions of literate native
speakers as to the relative ``rightness'' or
naturalness of the different phoneme-grapheme
correspondences in these situations, and (4) the
reactions of these informants to recognition tests
involving alternative solutions to certain special
problems involved in English spelling reform --- such
as lexicographic separation of agnates, polymorphic
representation of inflectional affixes, and graphic
distinction of homophones.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kerek:1976:PRS,
author = "Andrew Kerek",
title = "The Phonological Relevance of Spelling Pronunciation",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "323--338",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Although commonly viewed as an isolated, haphazard,
and hit-or-miss, chancy affair, spelling-pronunciation
is in fact capable of patterning and may yield profound
phonological effects in at least two ways. It may
induce the restructuring of the underlying form of
morphemes within an orthographic paradigm, and thus
trigger a redistribution of functional loads in the
phonemic system; this often happens through a
``reversal'' of historical changes that are no longer
operative. Spelling-pronunciation may also repeatedly
block (and hence weaken) synchronic phonological rules,
thus often resulting in the phonetic surfacing of
underlying or near-underlying phonemic forms; in this
way it not only slows down phonological change, but may
in the long run alter the phonetic character of a
language. Although it commonly obliterates etymological
distinctions, as a mechanism of iconicity
spelling-pronunciation promotes spelling-sound
isomorphism and thus tends to reduce purposeless
variety in language. Widespread literacy has rendered
the influence of orthography on phonology a significant
external variable which linguistic description can no
longer ignore.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gates:1976:MTL,
author = "Arthur I. Gates and Esther H. Chase",
title = "Methods and Theories of Learning to Spell Tested by
Studies of Deaf Children",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "339--350",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "Research is reported on the reading and spelling
ability of children congenitally deaf. In comparison
with their other linguistic abilities and with normal
children of similar reading experience, deaf children
(1) greatly excel in spelling ability, and (2) possess
extraordinary word-perception ability. Both abilities
appear due to a peculiarly effective type of perceiving
which relies on a visual reaction to words. For normal
children learning to spell, much may be gained by
visual study of the word and mastering the habit of
writing the word.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Venezky:1976:NHE,
author = "Richard L. Venezky",
title = "Notes on the History of {English} Spelling",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "351--365",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spell.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
abstract = "To introduce the non-specialist in English linguistics
to the diversity and complexity of influences which
have shaped modern English spelling, three problems in
the history of English spelling are presented. The
first traces the evolution of the hard and soft
pronunciations of word-initial `c' and centers on
historical reconstruction of proto-Old English forms,
Old English, Old French, and Latin sound changes, and
soft pronunciations of word-initial `c' and centers on
reconstruction of prehistoric Old English forms, Old
English, Old French, and Latin sound changes, and
Anglo-Norman scribal practices. The second problem
concerns the avoidance of sequences of short down
strokes (minims) as a motivating factor in certain role
of the English chancery scribes in reforming English
spelling along classical lines is examined.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Webster:1976:EAS,
author = "Noah Webster",
title = "Excerpt from {{\booktitle{The American Spelling
Book}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "366--376",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1976:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "377--380",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "380--380",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1976:IVX,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume X}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "X",
number = "4",
pages = "381--384",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1976",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:GIa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "3--4",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Rawski:1977:SSS,
author = "Conrad H. Rawski",
title = "The Scientific Study of Subject Literatures",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "5--23",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The paper addresses fundamental questions concerning
the nature, genesis, and function of a subject
literature --- all knowledge records pertaining to a
subject. A generalizable notion of a subject literature
is developed and discussed in the terms of object,
content, and use, and their interrelationships. The
main areas of a scientific study of subject literatures
are indicated. Structural interpretation is shown to be
a promising strategic assumption for basic theoretical
efforts and analytic research. The results of such
studies aimed at explanation are examined as to their
practical significance.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:SR,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Stereogrammic Relations",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "24--24",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gurtler:1977:CGF,
author = "Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler and Christian Mengelt",
title = "{Cyrillic Gothic}: Formal Modifications in the Design
of a {Russian} Sans-serif Typeface",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "25--36",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Four series for text and display composition were
designed for a new Cyrillic sans-serif typeface.
Historic and existing Cyrillic typefaces are assessed.
Illustrations show the modification of individual
characters toward an over-all consistent design of the
entire alphabet.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Walker:1977:CWS,
author = "Laurence Walker",
title = "Comprehension of Writing and Spontaneous Speech",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "37--51",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The purpose of this study was to explore a difference
between reading comprehension and the comprehension of
spontaneous speech which an earlier investigation by
the present author had suggested. It was hypothesized
that, because of channel differences and because of
differences in the linguistic structure of formal
writing and extemporaneous speech, reading
comprehension was a more precise form of language
processing than listening to this type of material.
Data to test this hypothesis were obtained by
administering a test of precision in literal
comprehension to a sample of undergraduate students who
had been exposed either to passages of spontaneous
speech or equivalent written passages. Statistical
analysis of the data revealed a significant difference
between the mean scores of the listening group and the
mean score of both an untimed reading group and a
reading group whose reading time had been matched to
the time available to the listeners. It was concluded
that normal reading comprehension, at least at the
literal level in mature readers, was shown to be a more
precise form of language processing than listening to
spontaneous speech.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:VLS,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Visible language as speech written down",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "52",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Walklin:1977:LAC,
author = "Carol Walklin",
title = "Letters, Art, and Children",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "53--62",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Letterforms provide a natural and useful medium for
teaching visual awareness, creativity and many basic
art education ideas to young children. The work of
English children is illustrated showing their
experimentation with letter symbols, handwriting, word
shapes and printed textures.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Quirk:1977:SNW,
author = "Randolph Quirk",
title = "Setting New Word Records",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "63--74",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bonavia:1977:CWW,
author = "David Bonavia",
title = "{China}'s War of Words",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "75--78",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Far Eastern Economic
Review}, March 4, 1977, pp. 20--21.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "This brief article examines problems associated with
language reform in China.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Banks:1977:BRC,
author = "Colin Banks",
title = "Book Review: {Catalogue of the Edward Clark Library
(with typographical notes by Harry Carter and an essay
on the Printing of Illustrations by Frank P. Restall).
P. J. W. Kilpatrick, general editor. Edinburgh:
privately printed for Napier College of Commerce and
Technology, Lothian Regional Council, 1976. Two
volumes, 685 pages, 74 illustrations. ISBN
0-902703-12-9}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "79--86",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1977:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "87--89",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "90--90",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:CAI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Cumulative Author Index for {Volumes I--X}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "1",
pages = "91--96",
month = "Winter",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:DC,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Diagram of Contents",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "2--3",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marcus:1977:EM,
author = "Aaron Marcus",
title = "At the Edge of Meaning",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "4--21",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The use of video, computer graphics, and holographic
communication suggest that a diagrammatic,
three-dimensional typography is an appropriate means of
visible language to express the potential of these
media. This special issue of Visible Language explores
some aspects of such an approach to visible language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Franke:1977:OCP,
author = "Herbert W. Franke",
title = "Observations Concerning Practical Visual Languages",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "22--32",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Normal means of communication --- human languages ---
are very well suited to a description of linear order.
As one makes use of the verbal system in almost all
spheres of culture, there follows involuntarily an
orientation to certain regularities. One tends to
recognize chronological and casual orders and to
overlook other types of connections. According to
modern knowledge other relationships have at least as
much importance in our world, e.g., reciprocity
effects, feedback, and cyclical process. For the
description of all so-called network connections, one
needs a more visual coding system. In the verbal realm
a complex system exists that is distinguished by its
applicability to a great number of conditions, but
there are only starting points in the visual sector. It
is to be expected that there will gradually come into
existence a normal visual grammar. In this way, new
visual languages may develop which are as practical as
verbal languages. Starting points can be seen in
diagrams for automata that are used in general automata
theory. As a step in this direction examples should be
examined which have already proven successful in
scientific realms, namely representation by graphs and
by Venn diagrams.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Howe:1977:SR,
author = "Nelson Howe",
title = "To the Sincere Reader",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "32--32",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "An experimental diagrammatic image to score a poetry
performance is presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ockerse:1977:D,
author = "Thomas Ockerse",
title = "Documentracings",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "33--37",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Two documentracings are presented. Documentracing
record time-space events or objects through collecting
fragments in a programmed manner.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Knowlton:1977:CPG,
author = "Ken Knowlton and Leon Harmon",
title = "Computer-Produced Grey Scales",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "38--49",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Pictorial output from computers is usually binary ---
that is, microscopically black or white at a point
owing to the physical processes involved. A number of
techniques have been developed in the past to derive
subjective grey values using binary-output devices.
Several new extensions of these techniques are reported
here. The basic procedure is to quantize space into
cells which are filled with different sizes and shapes
of black areas on a white background (or vice versa).
We include several examples which result from judicious
selection of patterns or from rules which divide cells
into particular classes of black and white regions.
Some of the results raise intriguing questions about
the physiology and psychology of vision.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kostelanetz:1977:N,
author = "Richard Kostelanetz",
title = "On Numbers",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "50--51",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "A visual poetic presentation is presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Price:1977:S,
author = "Jonathan Price and Joel Katz",
title = "Signs",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "52--67",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The signage encountered in the urban environment
constitutes the material for an authentic American
poetry. The collaborators of the verbi-visual poem
``Signs'' describe and analyze their contributions to
the final work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cumming:1977:SSS,
author = "Robert Cumming",
title = "``{Sentence} Structures'' and ``A Structure''",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "68--69",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Finlay:1977:S,
author = "Ian Hamilton Finlay",
title = "`{Sundial}'",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "70--70",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "A poem is located three-dimensionally on street
furniture.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Sky:1977:PW,
author = "Alison Sky",
title = "The Public Word",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "71--80",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The priorities moulding the development of word/images
constructed specifically to function within the public
domain and those accepted as ``art'' have been very
different and separate issues. This article is
concerned with the possibility of developing a new
public language --- an alternative to the one now
existing which is largely consecrated to consumption.
An examination is made of billboard advertisements and
movie marquee slogans. Graffiti is presented as an
example of language inversion, establishing it as an
intrusion on the high pressure message of advertising
and potentially the closest thing to a public poetry.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1977:RTE,
author = "Fernand Baudin",
title = "Reflection on the Theme: At the Edge of Meaning",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "81--92",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "In a changing typographic world, the one constant is
writing --- the rational ordering, recording and
communicating of intelligent thought. Governments and
institutions no longer feel any concern about the
teaching of writing. Universities, not only art and
design schools, should assume a new responsibility for
instruction in the planning of every material as well
as intellectual aspect of handwritten, mechanized or
computerized writing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Friedman:1977:SBD,
author = "Daniel Friedman",
title = "A Study in Basic Design and Meaning",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "93--101",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Work and commentary from a basic design course created
to explore and control visual perception is
presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Kenedy:1977:WDS,
author = "R. C. Kenedy",
title = "{Wortgebilde Durch Spiel und Kombinatorik}: Or, Why
{Duchamps} Loved Words",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "102--127",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Meaningful art criticism in not possible unless the
terms of language-description are successfully applied
to the art historian's themes. Because there is no
generally valid scheme of metalinguistics to embrace
the different means of communicating visual language
information, for its special purposes this study
resurrects Saussure's distinction between the lexical
and the arbitrary in order to examine the intellectual
implications of Marcel Duchamp's oeuvre. The argument
examines the rhetorical features of visual form in
discussing the work and attempts to suggest broader
issues, of sociopolitical significance, through their
analysis.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:AB,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Abstract\slash Biography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "128--134",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1977:RAAb,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "135--139",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:DN,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Design Notes",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "140--140",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:PN,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Production Notes",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "141--141",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1977:BM,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "[Back matter]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "2",
pages = "142--143",
month = "Spring",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "243--245",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hellerstein:1977:PCG,
author = "Nina S. Hellerstein",
title = "{Paul Claudel} and {Guillaume Apollinaire} as Visual
Poets: {{\booktitle{Id{\'e}ogrammes occidentaux}}} and
{{\booktitle{Calligrammes}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "245--270",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Paul Claudel and Guillaume Apollinaire both
experimented with visual forms in an effort to
incorporate a more synthetic and immediate experience
into their poetry. The letters of the Id{\'e}ogramme
and the shapes of the Calligramme do not reproduce
reality as much as they translate the fundamental
images and world-view of the authors into the visual
mode. In both cases the linearity of writing symbolizes
movement and time while the larger unit, word or
sentence-shape, imposes a more immobile, spatial form
upon this movement. For both authors, in spite of
differences, this synthetic aspect of visual logic
expresses the structure of the real world, which is a
dynamic and simultaneous interaction of multiple
phenomena, yet is constant evolution.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{McCarthy:1977:CLA,
author = "Lenore McCarthy",
title = "A Child Learns the Alphabet",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "271--284",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "This study chronicles the process in which a young
child teaches herself to write the letters of the
alphabet. The letters which she chose to learn may be
classified into categories containing distinctive
features of circles: O, C, Q; straight lines: L, I, T,
E, F, H; lines and loops: B, P, R; and angles: M, N, Z,
K, V, W. The four stages through which the child
progressed before she was able to recall the graphic
form of a letter which only the letter name was
mentioned were: Stage I, the letter must be visible so
that the child could copy the form; Stage II, the
distinctive features of a letter written in the air
facilitated recognition of the graphic form; Stage III,
the verbal description of the letter enabled the child
to write the letter; and Stage IV, the name of the
letter was sufficient information to enable the child
to produce the letter. Implications for further
research and possible teaching methods are
recommended.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Allington:1977:EGS,
author = "Richard L. Allington and Michael Strange",
title = "Effects of Grapheme Substitutions in Connected Text
Upon Reading Behaviors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "285--297",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "It has been suggested that good readers make better
use of semantic/syntactic information than do poor
readers and that the former group uses relatively less
graphic information compared to the latter group. To
test these hypotheses, minor visual alterations were
inserted in words in connected text. Fifteen good and
15 poor readers at the fourth grade level orally read
two of these altered passages. Results indicated the
good readers' rate of reading was significantly faster
and that this group made fewer miscalls in overall word
identification. However, there were no differences in
ratio of textually acceptable miscalls, and poor
readers' responses to altered words seemed less bound
to graphic cues than those of the good readers. Neither
comparison supported the above hypothesis.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:DPF,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Decorative page from {{\booktitle{Festschrift of
Originals}}} given to and in honor of {Paul A. Bennett}
by {The Typophiles, New York City}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "298--298",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bank:1977:CAB,
author = "Arnold Bank",
title = "Calligraphy of {Arnold Bank}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "299--306",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The following selection of work is from the recent
exhibition --- Arnold Bank: Artist, Scholar, Teacher
--- held at the Hunt Library, Carnegie-Mellon
University, Pittsburgh. Arnold Bank is a calligrapher
and has been a professor of design at Carnegie-Mellon
since 1962. The exhibition was coordinated by Ann
Skoog, librarian of the Fine and Rare Book Room of the
Hunt Library.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hatherly:1977:RR,
author = "Ana Hatherly",
title = "The Reinvention of Reading",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "307--320",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The concrete poetry movement started simultaneously in
Europe and in Brazil. Although they agreed on
fundamentals, the Brazilians/Portuguese --- with a
background in traditional poetry --- were concerned
with spatialization of the text and its relation to
music, while the Europeans --- with a background in
graphics and architecture --- were more influenced by
the plastic arts. For both the concrete poem becomes a
relational field of functions yielding tensions of
word-things in space-time, and extending the boundaries
of reading beyond the traditional literary limits. The
author illustrates and discusses her own
``image-texts'' --- studies in the illegibility or
ambiguity of writing and the disintegration of
language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Nesbitt:1977:DLI,
author = "Alexander Nesbitt",
title = "The Designer and Language {II}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "321--324",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1977:SOM,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation
of \booktitle{Visible Language}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "324--324",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The report says 1679 average copies per issue for past
twelve months.",
}
@Article{Bigelow:1977:BRD,
author = "Charles A. Bigelow",
title = "Book Review: {David Kindersley. \booktitle{Optical
Letter Spacing for New Printing Systems}. London:
Wynkyn de Worde Society, 1976. 4-1/2 $ \times $ 11
inches. 40 pp., 45 figs. ISBN 0-85331-360-1.
(Distributed by Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd.)}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "325--329",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Herrick:1977:C,
author = "Earl M. Herrick and Laurence Urdang",
title = "Correspondence",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "330--332",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Hewes:1976:C,Jaquith:1976:DAP}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1977:RAAc,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "333--335",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:Ac,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "3",
pages = "336--336",
month = "Summer",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Barthes:1977:LRR,
author = "Roland Barthes",
title = "Letter to {Randolph Runyon}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "338--338",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ungar:1977:BES,
author = "Steven Ungar",
title = "Beyond the Empire of Signs",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "338--338",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Barthes:1977:ELS,
author = "Roland Barthes",
title = "Excerpt: {{\booktitle{L'Empire des Signes}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "339--340",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "No abstract.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Caplan:1977:NLB,
author = "Jay Caplan",
title = "Nothing But Language: on {Barthes}'s
{{\booktitle{Empire of Signs}}}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "341--362",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "No abstract.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The last several pages of this article form the first
column of pages of succeeding articles: what confusing
nonsense!",
}
@Article{Conley:1977:BES,
author = "Tom Conley",
title = "{Barthes}'s {{\booktitle{Exc{\`e}s}}}: The Silent
Apostrophe of {S/Z}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "355--385",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Despite the elaborate coding of a rhetorical analysis
exploiting Marxist and Lacanian views of the printed
letter in all its materiality, S/Z represses the hidden
chi which both generates and destroys the narrative of
Balzac's ``Sarrasine.'' Barthes may omit reference to
this character of the text because its energies might
violate his systems of interpretation. Based as they
are on a privilege of castration, they veil the
dumbfounding assault of the letters which would
otherwise obliterate his interpretive gesture. Through
an alternative reading of ``Sarrasine,'' we imply that
the chi purloined from S/Z indicates how Barthes sees
as the basis of all {\'e}criture at zero-degree a font
of repression.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gallop:1977:B,
author = "Jane Gallop",
title = "``B S''",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "364--387",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Contemporaneous with the composition of his book S/Z,
Roland Barthes wrote Sade, Fourier, Loyola. Reducing
this second book to three figures (SFL: the
abbreviation used by Barthes and others to refer to
this text), as Barthes reduces the Balzac story
``Sarrasine'' to three figures, S/Z, and following the
example of what Barthes does with those figures as
signifiers in the center of S/Z, we tease out a similar
dynamic in the diacritical relation of SFL to other
possible groups of letters, a dynamic resonant with
what we find being played out on other levels of the
book (semantic, thematic, ideological), so that the
insistence of the letter marks our point of disruptive
entry into Barthes's well-defended system.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Runyon:1977:FAD,
author = "Randolph Runyon",
title = "Fragments of An Amorous Discourse: Canon in Ubis",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "387--389",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "The cover of Roland Barthes's recent Fragments d'un
discours amoureux presets a puzzle for the reader: a
fragment of a painting of Tobias and the Angel, it
constitutes an opaque glaze, a scumble, through which
the reader scans the text that follows. The
configuration created by that frame seems to form the
letter R. A prolonged gaze discloses prefigurations of
Roland's childhood in the Apocryphal story on which the
painting is based, makes possible a reading of Goethe's
Werther as a parallel to that noncanonical legend, and
reveals Barthes's name inscribed within a short story
of Balzac. Alternatively playing the roles of Tobias,
angel and fish, Barthes and the reader engage in
canonical imitation, a reunion of readers and lovers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ungar:1977:WLB,
author = "Steven Ungar",
title = "From Writing to the Letter: {Barthes} and
Alphabetese",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "390--400",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
abstract = "Roland Barthes's career as a critic can be measured by
the various definitions and functions which he has
given to writing. While his earliest works emphasized
its social and institutional dimensions, he has more
recently sought to develop a revised version of
Saussurian semiology into a social critique which he
terms semioclastics. In his 1970 preface to the
alphabet of the fashion designer Ert{\'e}, Barthes
finds a semiotic system which allows him to combine
these interests in an extended commentary of the
alphabetical letter and on alphabetism as an autonomous
semiotic entity.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1977:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "430--430",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:GId,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "430--430",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:Ad,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "432--432",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1977:IVX,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume XI}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XI",
number = "4",
pages = "432--??",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1977",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Massaro:1978:SMR,
author = "Dominic W. Massaro",
title = "A Stage Model of Reading and Listening",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "3--26",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Language processing is the abstracting of meaning from
a physical signal such as a printed text of sequence of
speech sounds. The goal of an information-processing
model is to describe how language is processed, not
simply what the reader or listener must know to
understand language. Language processing is viewed as a
sequence of internal processing stages or operations
that occur between the language stimulus and meaning.
The operations of a particular stage take time and
transform the information in some way, making the
transformed information available to the following
stage of processing. In the present model the storage
component describes the nature of the information at a
particular stage of processing whereas the functional
component describes the operations of a stage of
processing. The information-processing model is used
heuristically to incorporate data and theory from a
variety of studies of language processing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Pastore:1978:PAC,
author = "Richard E. Pastore",
title = "Phonemes and Alphanumeric Characters: Possible
Components of Parallel Human Communications Systems",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "27--42",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Alphanumeric characters and phonemes can be viewed as
information codes used by human communication systems.
If such communication systems were designed to be
effective, then we should expect to find certain
characteristics which should be manifested in the
nature of the physical representations of the
information codes and in the perception of these codes.
These characteristics are discussed in terms of their
importance to communication systems in general and
their manifestations in human audible and visible
language. When viewed from the perspective of such
communication systems, we should expect to find many
parallels in the perception of alphanumeric characters
and phonemes. This paper examines some of these
parallels, drawing upon our knowledge of human
perception.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Frith:1978:PMP,
author = "Uta Frith",
title = "From Print to Meaning and from Print to Sound, or How
to Read Without Knowing How to Spell",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "43--54",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Two groups of 12-year-olds, both of normal
intelligence and reading age, were compared. One group
consisted of good spellers, the other of poor spellers.
The two groups were equally good at reading single
words and sentences. However, they differed on other
reading tasks, notably with nonsense words and other
tasks involving conversion of print into sound. The
differences indicated that the poor spellers were
proficient at going from print directly to meaning, but
were impaired at converting print to sound. In
contrast, the good spellers shower mastery of both
aspects of reading, converting print to meaning and
converting print to sound.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baron:1978:USS,
author = "Jonathan Baron and June Hodge",
title = "Using Spelling--Sound Correspondences Without Trying
to Learn Them",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "55--70",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Adult subjects learned spoken responses to nonsense
words written in an artificial alphabet.
Correspondences between letters and phonemes were
hidden by the use of right-to-left correspondences.
Even though subjects did not notice the existence of
correspondences, they were able to decode new nonsense
words in the same alphabet. In a second experiment,
nonsense words written with hidden correspondences were
read more quickly than nonsense words without
correspondences. A third experiment suggested that this
effect was due to the fact that similar words had
similar responses. In general, the results suggest that
correspondences can be used without the use of special
correspondences, but when this occurs, people use
examples rather than knowledge of the correspondences
themselves.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Martin:1978:VRD,
author = "James G. Martin and Richard H. Meltzer and Carol B.
Mills",
title = "Visual Rhythms: Dynamic Text Display for Learning to
Read a Second Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "71--80",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "A method is described in which sentences are presented
in a dynamic visual display. A television monitor is
used to present simultaneously the visual and auditory
versions of a sentence, with each of its successive
visual and auditory syllables yoked in parallel; the
onset of each visual syllable is synchronized with the
onset of each syllable as it is heard through the
auditory channel. The result is a sentence which
``grows'' left-to-right across the screen, one syllable
at a time, in ``visual rhythm.'' In an experiment, the
subjects were three groups of secondary-school students
learning Spanish as a second language. In training
sessions, the rhythmic group saw the sentences in
``visual rhythm,'' the unrhythmic group saw the same
sentences but in static visual display, and the control
group had no exposure to either visual-auditory
display. Before and after training, all groups provided
pre-test and post-test measures of oral reading
fluency. The dependent measure was pre-test to
post-test relative change in judged reading fluency.
The results favored the rhythmic group.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Levy:1978:SAD,
author = "Betty Ann Levy",
title = "Speech Analysis During Sentence Processing: Reading
and Listening",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "81--102",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "The present paper is concerned with the role of speech
recoding during reading. Specifically, it examines
information processing with respect to where reading
and listening might come to share common mechanisms
during comprehension. The paper is divided into four
sections. The first section contains a review of
evidence related to the issue of whether speech
recoding is necessary prior to lexical access. The
weight is against this view. The second section of the
paper explores an alternative view --- namely that
speech recoding occurs in working memory, where word
units are held in a speech form until comprehension of
phrases or sentences occurs. Section three describes an
experiment which shows that disrupting word information
in memory does not lead to semantic comprehension
failure. These results suggest that reading does not
occur by converting visual signals into a speech code
until comprehension occurs. Finally, general discussion
centers on models of visual language processing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:B,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Biography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "103--103",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Acknowledgements",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "104--104",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:RAA,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "105--110",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1978:GI,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "1",
pages = "111--112",
month = "Winter",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Bormuth:1978:VVL,
author = "John Bormuth",
title = "Value and Volume of Literacy",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "118--161",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "This study set out to determine the volume and
monetary value of literacy and to trace their growth
over the past generation. The literacy consumed was
taken to be the information that people exchange via
the written word, and the literacy production industry
was seen as having three major components --- one that
produces materials, another that distributes them, and
a third that teaches people to read and write. Various
product counts were used to index the volume of output
for each production component, and the time that people
spend reading and writing was used to index the volume
of literacy consumed. These unit counts were examined
individually within each component, comparing them to
population size to determine their growth during the
period studied. Then dollar values were assigned to
these unit measures, and a national literacy account
was formed, first, to estimate the total monetary value
of the nation's literacy and, second, to estimate the
net value of literacy and the benefit-cost ratio of the
literacy program and to examine their trends. It was
possible to infer from these data that a large and
growing fraction of the population has reached a high
and increasing level of literacy, that literacy has
been worth many times what it cost to produce, that
literacy is one of the nation's most important economic
activities, that personal and social investments in
literacy have been rising, but that the nation has yet
to reach the point where it would consider itself
literate.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Arnheim:1978:SAG,
author = "Rudolf Arnheim",
title = "Spatial Aspects of Graphological Expression",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "162--170",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "The spatial character of a piece of writing or reading
is perceptually twofold. Writing and reading establish
a close bodily and mental relation between a writer or
reader and the surface on which letters are formed.
This relation involves two different attitudes.
Attitude I, an orthographic relationship to letters, is
dominated by vision and evokes a sense of rising and
conquering or its opposite, stability. Attitude II, a
horizontal relationship, is dominated by action and
evokes the senses of near and far, outgoing and
withholding, active and passive. In the process of
writing or reading the attitudes fuse, combining a
detached self with a self that actively engages in
reaching a goal.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cowie:1978:BCA,
author = "Frederick J. Cowie",
title = "{Boniface} (c. 675--754): Archbishop, Legate, and
{Postmaster General}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "171--182",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Boniface was the prime mover in the transalpine Church
during the eighth century, forming dioceses in Germany
while reorganizing and reforming those in Bavaria and
Frankland. To accomplish this, he made use of a
communion of believers, including Anglo-Saxons, Franks,
Germans and Italians. Among the participants were
monks, nuns, counts, kings and popes. To keep this
spiritalis communio alive and healthy, Boniface had to
devise a communication system which covered all of
Roman Christendom. His postal service consisted
primarily of highly educated priests, performing the
duties of mailmen, delivery men and
ambassadors-at-large. This network of envoys formed a
``barbarian'' answer to the Roman cursus publicis,
while laying the groundwork for the missi dominici of
Charlemagne's empire.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hartley:1978:ELL,
author = "James Hartley and Peter Burnhill and Lindsey Davis",
title = "The Effects of Line Length and Paragraph Denotation on
Retrieval of Information from Prose Text",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "183--194",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Grade-school children read either two-column (each
column 20 ems) of a single-column (42 ems) of text in
one of four ways that indicated new paragraphs.
Students were assigned to find missing words to measure
the readability of the various systems. The results
suggest that a two-column layout with traditional
paragraphing denotation is preferable to a
single-column in terms of cost-effectiveness; however,
an extreme line-length does not place an undue strain
on the reader.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Duffelmeyer:1978:VCP,
author = "Frederick Duffelmeyer",
title = "The Vowel Cluster: Pronunciation Preferences of
Proficient and Non-Proficient Adult Readers",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "195--200",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "The purpose of this research was to determine whether
the results of a study conducted by Johnson and Venezky
(1976) are generalizable to non-proficient adult
readers. One hundred eight college undergraduates for
whom grade-equivalent scores on a standardized reading
test were available were administered the same
pronunciation test used by Johnson and Venezky. The
pronunciation test data of the subjects whose
grade-equivalent scores placed them in either the upper
(proficient readers) or lower (non-proficient readers)
quartiles were subsequently analyzed. The proficient
reader results coincided with the Johnson and Venezky
results, but the non-proficient reader results did not.
These data were interpreted as suggesting that the
vowel cluster pronunciation preferences of adult
readers vary as a function of reading competency.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Foster:1978:LLR,
author = "Jeremy Foster",
title = "Locating Legibility Research: a Guide for the Graphic
Designer",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "201--205",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "A review of legibility research published between 1972
and 1976 yielded 285 references. The journals which
most frequently contain reports on legibility research
are indicated. A list of those journals likely to be
most useful to the designer wishing to keep abreast of
the literature is provided.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Weber:1978:BRW,
author = "Rose-Marie Weber",
title = "Book Review: What did {I} write? {Marie M. Clay.
\booktitle{What Did I Write?} Auckland: Heinemann
Educational Books, 1975. 7 1/2 $ \times $ 9 inches. 78
pp.}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "206--209",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1978:AFD,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "Abstracts: {Fran{\c{c}}ais}; {Deutsch};
{Espa{\~n}ol}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "211--219",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "220--221",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:GI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "222--222",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1978:SOM,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation
of \booktitle{Visible Language}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "222--222",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The report says 1784 average copies per issue for past
twelve months.",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:C,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Colophon",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "2",
pages = "222--222",
month = "Spring",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "This issue is set in 9 on 12 Press Roman by IBM
Selectric to facilitate the drop-down paragraphing.
Wide tables and wide-measure reading examples suggested
the major shift in format. Design by Ed Fisher Jr.,
Pittsburgh.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hedges:1978:CWM,
author = "Inez Hedges",
title = "Cinematic Writing of {Maurice Roche}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Hubert:1978:PVP,
author = "Ren{\'e}e Riese Hubert",
title = "{Ponge}: Visual and Poetic Writing",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Andermatt:1978:WLL,
author = "Verna Andermatt",
title = "Writing the Letter: Lower-Case of h{\'e}l{\`e}ne
cixous",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{McKenna:1978:DHP,
author = "A. J. McKenna",
title = "{Derrida} and His Precursors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Conley:1978:S,
author = "Tom Conley",
title = "{Serres} ({{\'E}})",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lydon:1978:LLM,
author = "Mary Lydon",
title = "Love Letters: {Michel Butor} and Visible Language",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Ames:1978:MLD,
author = "S. S. Ames",
title = "{Mallarm{\'e}}'s Letters in {Duras}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Rodriguez:1978:RWV,
author = "L. S. Rodriguez",
title = "Readable\slash Writable\slash Visible",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "3",
pages = "??--??",
month = "Summer",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "Abstract not available.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:ABa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "{Advisory Board}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "388--388",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1978:GIS,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "General Information. {Subscription} Rates. {Reprints}
and Back Copies. {Manuscripts}. {Letters} to the
Editor. {Advertising}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "389--389",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marcel:1978:URE,
author = "Tony Marcel",
title = "Unconscious Reading: Experiments on People Who Do Not
Know They Are Reading",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "391--404",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See correction in figure layout
\cite{Anonymous:1979:ERT}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "The work reported in this paper is theoretically,
methodologically and practically relevant for reading
in particular and perception in general. It is relevant
theoretically because it forces a distinction between
conscious and unconscious processes. It is relevant
methodologically because it suggests the importance of
investigating perceptual processes in an indirect way.
It is relevant practically because assessment of
reading ability often relies on oral performance and
this many turn out not always to reflect what we mean
by ``reading.''",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cosmos:1978:TVS,
author = "Spencer Cosmos",
title = "Toward a Visual Stylistics: Assent and Denial in
{Chaucer}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "406--427",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "In this essay I describe a distribution among various
expressions meaning ``yes'' and ``no'' in the poetry of
Geoffrey Chaucer. Although it is true that the
distinctions receive phonological as well as graphic
expression, it is nevertheless my argument that the
systemic character of the contrasts belongs
fundamentally and essentially to visible rather than to
audible language. I demonstrate this by showing that
variations in the spelling of these expressions,
distinguishing no from nay and yes from yea, are quite
explicably systematic in the highly literate poetry of
Chaucer, but in free variation in records preserving
the oral traditions of alliterative verse. The
implication of this research which I believe will most
interest students of writing is this: if it is true
that these contrasts --- which are expressed both in
writing and speech --- are systemic only in writing,
then the visible form of expression must be afforded
the status of language in every significant sense of
that term as used in modern linguistics. In this
research we have, in other words, further evidence that
writing and speech are not simply alternative modes of
expressing language, but rather that each is quite
fully and integrally a language in its own right.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Cox:1978:GCP,
author = "Charles H. {Cox III} and Barry A. Blesser and Murray
Eden",
title = "Graphical Context of Printed Characters",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "428--447",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "The notion of a grammar together with the concept of
contextual modification of meaning have proved to be
powerful means for studying verbal communication. It is
natural to seek to apply these methods to other modes
of communication. Not surprisingly, attempts along this
line have already been made. For example, Eden and
Halle (1959, 1961) first presented a grammar for
cursive English writing in 1959. He decomposed words
into strokes and further decomposed strokes into
segments. Rankin and co-workers (1965, 1966, 1970)
presented a generative grammar for Chinese ideograms.
This grammar, when used in conjunction with a lexicon
of basic shapes, was capable of generating 80\% of the
ideograms in Mattheus' (1960) dictionary. More
recently, Rosenfeld (1975) has explored Web grammars as
a means for representing general two-dimensional
images.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Mosenthal:1978:WRR,
author = "Peter Mosenthal and Sean Walmsley and Richard
Allington",
title = "Word Recognition Reconsidered: Toward a Multi-Context
Model",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "448--468",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
abstract = "A significant yet poorly understood question in the
literature of reading research is what is meant by the
process of ``decoding'' or ``word recognition.'' Of
particular interest are the differences between good
and poor readers with respect to these skills. Although
much research has been conducted in an attempt to
define ``decoding'' and ``word recognition,'' this
research has been quite fragmented. This stems partly
from the fact that this research has focused equally on
a few variables at a time --- e.g., word frequency,
word length, word meaningfulness and word imagery ---
and has failed to control for the interaction between
these variables. Another reason is that there has been
little attempt to operationalize systematically what it
means to say a word has been ``decoded.'' Most
operational definitions of decoding have emphasized
identification or reproduction of physical aspects of a
word; e.g., speed by which words can be pronounced,
recognized or compared under various tachistoscopic
time-frame conditions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1978:RAAd,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "469--474",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1978:AB,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "{Advisory Board}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "475--475",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:IVX,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Index to {Volume XII}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "476--479",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1978:CNB,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Credits. {Note}. {Back} numbers",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XII",
number = "4",
pages = "480--480",
month = "Autumn",
year = "1978",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Lehman:1979:TLC,
author = "Charles Lehman",
title = "Teaching and Learning The Craft of Handwriting",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "4--15",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "Handwriting is a traditional craft in its own right
with its own criteria of quality. Successful selection
of appropriate tools, techniques and letter designs for
modern handwriting education requires a collaboration
of experienced classroom teachers, educational
researchers and traditional craftsmen to share their
understanding of the developing psychology of the
learner, the historical and modern development of
handwriting models and the techniques and materials
needed for personal proficiency in performing the
craft. The result of such collaboration can be found in
writings of some calligraphers and in the instructional
programs currently used in some schools.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Graves:1979:LCS,
author = "Donald H. Graves",
title = "Let Children Show Us How to Help Them Write",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "16--28",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "Preliminary findings are presented from a current
two-year MIE case study observing the development of
primary children's composing, spelling, and motor
behaviors during the writing process. Handwriting is
influenced by all phases of the writing process and
problems unique to different stages of the writer's
development. Children's earliest efforts at writing
resemble their speech habits in their lack of
organization. Later, when children choose their own
writing topics, the language for expression, and
written format, the compositions become more
successful. Handwriting is one component of writing
that illustrates the nature of children's decision
making processes. Teachers attempt to guide the
children's craft to greater clarity in drawing letters,
word order, word separation, page placement, and later,
in rewriting and use of prosodic techniques.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Macleod:1979:DAT,
author = "Iain Macleod and Peter Procter",
title = "A Dynamic Approach to Teaching Handwriting Skills",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "29--42",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "A computer-based system for teaching handwriting
skills has been developed, using a graphic display
screen and a hand-held ``pen.'' The system is such that
exercises can be completed only by executing the
required sequence of strokes in the specified order and
direction and within a preset accuracy. In the simplest
presentation, a thin guideline is displayed for each
stroke in turn. The computer responds to correct pen
movements by leaving a thicker track behind. Incorrect
pen movements are ignored and a blinking spot calls
attention to the point where the pen should be. The
resultant visual pattern is the teacher's well-formed
example rather than the student's actual strokes, thus
reinforcing the appearance of the desired result rather
than the student's possibly ill-formed attempts. The
system emphasizes the process used in creating cursive
writing as well as the appearance of the product and,
in one application, has been used to teach fluent
signatures to intellectually handicapped students.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Rhodes:1979:CDN,
author = "Chris Rhodes",
title = "Considerations for the Design of a New Pen Range",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "43--48",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "Basic questions that confront a pen designer begin
with the style of the nib. Apart from specialists' pens
used for commercial marking or technical graphics, the
designer is restricted to the fountain pen, the
ballpoint, the fibre-tip, the plastic-tip, and the
roller-tip. Unique, specialized inks and reservoir
systems serve each of these kinds of pens. Each pen's
usability is directly affected by its barrel design,
which can vary in size for children and adults.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Briem:1979:WHF,
author = "Gunnlauger S. E. Briem",
title = "Wanted: Handwriting to Fit Pens",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "49--62",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "The limited range of the pointed pen restricted the
range of movements that make up the copperplate hand.
The ball-point and the fibre-tip can write in any
direction and do not fit the motion patterns that
modern handwriting inherited from the copperplate.
Analysis of the late roman cursive, a monoline
documentary hand, might yield some alternative
solutions in the rethinking of handwriting models for
children.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Gray:1979:TNH,
author = "Nicolete Gray",
title = "Towards a New Handwriting Adapted to the Ballpoint
Pen",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "63--69",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "Modern ballpoint and fibre pens are radically
different in design and construction, and they can move
with equal ease in all directions. The capacity for
all-direction line movement fosters development of more
convenient and efficient letter designs and
combinations. After rejecting the typographic models
and debased cursive designs used for formal writing in
the past, the natural scribble of children is taken as
a beginning point for all-direction cursive writing. By
integrating such handwriting with the teaching of
reading and other language arts, the habit of legible
handwriting can easily flow into an adult hand
characterized as fast, pleasurable, and flexible enough
for individual expression. Certain historic hands, late
roman cursive, gothic, and secretary, offer examples of
contradictory rhythms that support the goal of
all-direction writing movement. Specific new models are
presented for modern writing but only as provisional
designs. Experimental interpretations are encouraged;
standard techniques for penhold are questioned in favor
of new possibilities that reflect the all-direction
approach to writing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Osley:1979:CRH,
author = "A. S. Osley",
title = "Cannons of {Renaissance} Handwriting",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "70--94",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "Due to the greatly increased demand for clear, rapid
handwriting by secretaries in the service of
government, church, and commerce, Renaissance writing
masters found themselves playing an important role as
instructors. In producing their manuals for students,
the writing masters utilized the recent technically
developed script of scholars and diplomats and
churchmen, the cancellaresca cursiva. The teaching of
seven Renaissance writing masters is assembled to
examine separately what the masters had to say about
basic elements of writing --- slope, pen angle, letter
proportion, length of ascenders, spacing, and joining.
Having thus identified the fundamental canons that
regulated the classic chancery hand of the Renaissance,
the author applies them to modern systems of italic
handwriting and concludes that the models of Alfred
Fairbank as seen in his Handwriting Manual and the
Beacon Writing Series come closest to the spirit and
teaching of the early writing masters. He supports the
use of the edged pen as a teaching aid for young
children.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Baudin:1979:RAAa,
author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch",
title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal
Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "95--99",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1979:Aa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "100--101",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1979:GIa,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "102--103",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wrolstad:1979:SOM,
author = "Merald E. Wrolstad",
title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation
of \booktitle{Visible Language}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "1",
pages = "103--103",
month = "Winter",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "The report says 1788 average copies per issue for past
twelve months.",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1979:GIb,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "107--107",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wendt:1979:EAI,
author = "Dirk Wendt",
title = "An Experimental Approach to the Improvement of the
Typographic Design of Textbooks",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "108--133",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "Three different approaches were taken to try to
improve the legibility of a textbook for secondary
school: (1) two columns of about 58 mm (15 picas) line
width instead of one column of about 126 mm (32 picas)
line width, (2) insertion of additional space between
the constituents of the sentences to convey the phrase
structure of the text, and (3) ``visualizing'' the
information by structuring it vertically and
horizontally in such a way that the total design is
more appropriate to the visual medium. In an
experimental test of a lesson in physics printed in a
standard version and in the above three experimental
versions, given to 600 students, only the third on
(``visualization'') showed an improvement over the
standard version.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Unger:1979:DT,
author = "Gerard Unger",
title = "The Design of a Typeface",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "134--149",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "The design of Demos typeface was the result of
technical as well as aesthetic considerations. Demos
was designed for the Hell CRT Digiset, an electronic
composition process that creates type by vertical
lines. Curves and angles appear smooth only after
emulsion. Rather than falling back on hot-metal
methods, the unique characteristics of the Digiset were
used to determine the design, ever mindful that visual
appearance is the final arbiter of any letterform
design. All of the type for this issue of Visible
Language has been set in Demos for the Hell Digiset; a
few of the typographic elements have been set in the
companion face Praxis.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Brann:1979:MDP,
author = "Noel L. Brann",
title = "A Monastic Dilemma Posed by the Invention of Printing:
the Context of {{\booktitle{De laude Scriptorum
Manualium}}} by {Abbot Johann Trithemius}
(1462--1516)",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "150--167",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "By no means was the invention of printing universally
looked upon by contemporary witnesses an unqualifiable
progressive step in the history of mankind; in the
monastic scriptorium, for example, the printing art
came out into direct competition with the
long-cultivated art of handcopying. A Benedictine abbot
living in the age of incunabula, the Abbot Trithemius
of Sponheim near Kreuznach in Germany, composed his
De-laude scriptorum manualium (1492) in support of the
proposition that the handcopying of texts is in many
respects superior to printing. However, the author was
not hostile to the printing art in principle, viewing
it on balance as a divinely inspired aid in the golden
age of monastic erudition. Far from being a reactionary
in the face of the printing revolution, Trithemius was
one of printing's most vigorous Renaissance
advocates.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Marmolin:1979:MRP,
author = "Hans Marmolin and Lars-G{\"o}ran Nilsson and Hans
Smedshammar",
title = "Mediated Reading Process of the Partially Sighted",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "168--183",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "The model presented extend current theorizing about
reading by relating the underlying processes of skilled
and average readers to those of poor readers. While the
non-mediated reading process for skilled readers is
immediately directed to the meaning of a word, the
reading process for poor readers is mediated by the
interruption of the individual letters constituting the
word. The continuous interaction between the
interpretation of single letters and reading for
meaning of the word is what determines the slow reading
rate for poor readers. An empirical study was carried
out to demonstrate the viability of the present
approach. A series of measures were derived to compare
the reading process for good and poor partially sighted
readers. The locus of the difference in reading rate
between the two groups of subjects was confined mainly
to the peripheral subprocesses of reading whereas the
deeper and more semantic levels of the reading process
were less affected.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Larcher:1979:DWL,
author = "Jean Larcher",
title = "A Different Way of Looking at Typography",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "184--191",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
abstract = "Despite the mechanization and mass production of
typography, some letter design still retains the
aesthetic qualities of individual, hand-executed
design. My work is influenced by studies of calligraphy
and optical illusions. In addition, the innovative
lettering of American graphic artists has shown me
semantic influences of letter design in which form
contributed to meaning. Nowhere is this concept more
alive than in the logotype, the letterform symbol that
reflects the essence of a company or institution.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Wendt:1979:KBAa,
author = "Dirk Wendt and Fernand Baudin and Ana Fisch",
title = "{Kurzfassung der Beitr{\"a}ge} [{Abstracts} of Journal
Articles in {German}, {French}, and {Spanish}]",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "192--197",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1979:Ab,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "The Authors",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "198--198",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1979:ERT,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Errata: {Re: Tony Marcel, ``Unconscious Reading:
Experiments on People Who Do Not Know That They Are
Reading,'' XII 4 (Autumn 1978), pp. 319--404}",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "2",
pages = "199--200",
month = "Spring",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
note = "See \cite{Marcel:1978:URE}.",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/",
journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl",
remark = "Correction of figure layout.",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1979:GIc,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "General Information",
journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE,
volume = "XIII",
number = "3",
pages = "207--207",
month = "Summer",
year = "1979",
CODEN = "VSLGAO",
ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0022-2224",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:13:25 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib",
URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "Visible Lang.",
fjournal = "Visible Language",
old-journal-URL = "