% LATEX VERSION 0.9 - FOR USE WITH TEX VERSION 0.95
\immediate\write10{
LATEX Version 0.9 - for use with TeX version 0.95
}

% THINGS TO BE DONE TO LATEX
%
%  - make blank lines have no effect in tabbing, tabular and array environments
%    by setting \par = \relax
%  - add \clearpagestyle{STYLE} command to set the style
%    used by \clearpage when putting out left-hand page in
%    twoside style.
%  - rename and redefine \~ifundefined to be Knuth's \ifundefined
%  - rename \~leftbrace & \~rightbrace to \lb and \rb.
%  - change the hack in the array and tabular environments as per
%    message from DEK.
%  - name changes:
%  - change \theend so it looks for unended \begin's
%  - change \cite so you can type \cite{foo,bar} to get
%    [13,7].  Requires adding a document-style-defined macro to generate
%    the [ and ].


%      ****************************************
%      *       THE LATEX MACRO PACKAGE        *
%      ****************************************
%
%
%                    CONTENTS
%                    ========
%  
%
%  USEFUL HACKS
%  FILE HANDLING
%  SPECIAL SYMBOLS
%  PROGRAM CONTROL STRUCTURE MACROS
%  SPACING AND BOXES
%  PAGE NUMBERING
%  ENVIRONMENT COUNTER MACROS
%  CROSS REFERENCING MACROS
%  NUMBERING MACROS 
%  TABLE OF CONTENTS, ETC.
%  ENVIRONMENTS 
%  MATH ENVIRONMENTS
%  \par and \everypar  
%  THE LIST ENVIRONMENT
%  LIST-MAKING ENVIRONMENTS
%  THEOREM ENVIRONMENTS
%  THE TABBING ENVIRONMENT
%  THE PICTURE ENVIRONMENT
%  CENTER, FLUSHRIGHT, FLUSHLEFT
%  EXAMPLE  
%  FOOTNOTES
%  PAGE AND LINE BREAKING
%  FIGURES AND TABLES
%  MISCELLANEOUS
%  INITIAL DECLARATION COMMANDS
%  ARRAY MACROS  
%  INDEX COMMANDS
%  THE OUTPUT ROUTINE
%  BIBLIOGRAPHY
%  DEBUGGING 
%  INITIALIZATIONS


\catcode`\~=11     % ~ is defined to be a letter


%      ****************************************
%      *            USEFUL HACKS              *
%      ****************************************
%
%  \namegdef{name}{definition} : the same as \gdef\name{definition}, except
%                                that ``name'' can contain nonletters.
%  \namedef{name}{definition}  : analogous
%  \pnamedef{name}{parms}{def} : the same as \def\name parms{def}, where
%                                parms are the parameter specification --
%                                e.g., as in \pnamedef{foo}{#1}{\bar{#1}}
%  \backslash{name}            : the same as \name.
%
%  \warning{message}           : produces a warning message on the terminal
%
%  \typein                     : asks the user to type in a command, then 
%                                executes it

\newwrite\~unused
\def\typein#1{\warning{#1}\read0 \~typein\~typein\ifhmode \unskip\fi}
\def\warning#1{\immediate\write\~unused{}\message{#1}}
\def\namegdef#1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname #1\endcsname{#2}}
\def\namedef#1#2{\expandafter\def\csname #1\endcsname{#2}}
\def\pnamedef#1#2#3{\expandafter\def\csname #1\endcsname #2{#3}}
\def\backslash#1{\csname #1\endcsname}


%     ****************************************
%     *           FILE HANDLING              *
%     ****************************************
%
% \jobname = name of main file, minus extension -- e.g., it equals  
%             foo  when TeXing foo.tex.  For TeX version 0.9, must be
%             defined by user at beginning of file.
% \~mainaux = output file number for main .AUX file
% \~partaux = output file number for current part's .AUX file.
% \~auxout  = either \~mainout or \~partout, depending on which .AUX
%             file output goes to.
% \~input{foo}  if file foo exists, then \input's it.
%               If not, types a warning message.
% \~tfilesw  : set to F if no .TOC, .IDX etc files are to be written.
% \~afilesw  : set to F if no .AUX files are to be written
% \~partsw   : set to T by a \doparts command
% \~partlist : set to the argument of the \doparts command
%
% \~cp~FOO   : the checkpoint for \included file FOO.TEX, written
%              by \~checkpoint at the end of file FOO.AUX
%
% \text ==
%   BEGIN
%     \begingroup
%        \~input{\jobname.aux}
%     \endgroup
%     if \~afilesw = T
%       then  open file \~mainaux for writing
%             write ``\relax''on file \~mainaux
%     fi
%   END
%
% \doparts{FILELIST} ==
%  BEGIN
%   \~partsw   := T
%   \~partlist := FILELIST
%   \~tfilesw  := F         % inhibit .TOC, etc. files
%  END
%
% \include{FILE} ==
%  BEGIN
%   \clearpage
%   if \~afilesw = T
%     then  \immediate\write\~mainaux{\string\~input{FILE.AUX}}
%   fi
%   if  \~partsw = T
%     then \~x~inc := F
%          \~x~b == FILE
%          for \~x~a := \~partlist
%              do if eval(\~x~a) = eval(\~x~b)
%                   then \~x~inc := T          fi
%              od
%   fi
%
%   if \~x~inc = T        
%      then \~auxout := \~partaux
%           if \~afilesw = T
%             then  \immediate\openout\~partaux{FILE.AUX}
%                   \immediate\write\~partaux{\relax}
%           fi
%           \~input{FILE.TEX}
%           \clearpage
%           \~checkpoint{FILE}
%           \~auxout := \~mainaux
%      else \~cp~FILE
%   fi
%  END
%  
% \~checkpoint{FILE} ==
%  BEGIN
%    if \~afilesw = T
%        \immediate\write on file \~partaux:
%                  \gdef\~cp~FILE{                  %% } 
%        for \~x~a := \~cl~~ckpt
%           do  \immediate\write on file \~partaux:
%                   \string\setcounter{eval(\~x~a)}{eval(\~c~eval(\~x~a))}
%           od
%        \immediate\write on file \~partaux:        %% {
%                  \setpagenumber{\the\count0}}
%    fi
%  END
%
%  INITIALIZATION
%    \~x~inc := T

\def\~tfilesw{T}
\def\~afilesw{T}
\def\~partsw{F}
\def\~x~inc{T}

\def\nofiles{\gdef\~tfilesw{F}\gdef\~afilesw{F}\warning
   {No auxiliary output files.}\warning{}}
\newwrite\~mainaux 
\newwrite\~partaux 
\def\~input#1{\openin1 #1 \ifeof1
   \warning{No file #1.}\else\closein1 \relax\input #1 \fi}
\let\~auxout=\~mainaux 

\def\text{\begingroup\~input{\jobname.aux}\endgroup 
   \if\~afilesw T\immediate\openout\~mainaux=\jobname.aux
   \immediate\write\~mainaux{\relax}\fi}

\def\doparts#1{\def\~partsw{T}\def\~partlist{#1}\def\~tfilesw{F}}

\def\include#1{\clearpage
\if\~afilesw T\immediate\write\~mainaux{\string\~input{#1.AUX}}\fi
\if\~partsw T\def\~x~inc{F}\def\~x~b{#1}\~for
\~x~a:=\~partlist\do{\ifx\~x~a\~x~b\gdef\~x~inc{T}\fi}\fi
\if\~x~inc T\if \~afilesw T\let\~auxout=\~partaux
\immediate\openout\~partaux #1.AUX
\immediate\write\~partaux{\relax}\fi\~input{#1.TEX}\clearpage
\~checkpoint{#1}\let\~auxout=\~mainaux\else\backslash{~cp~#1}\fi}

\def\~checkpoint#1{\if\~afilesw T
\immediate\write\~partaux{\string\namegdef{~cp~#1}\~charlb}% 
\~for\~x~a:=\~cl~~ckpt\do
{\immediate\write\~partaux{\string\setcounter{\~x~a}{\backslash{~c~\~x~a}}}}%
\immediate\write\~partaux{\string\setpagenumber{\the\count0}\~charrb}\fi}

{\catcode`[=1 \catcode`]=2
\catcode`{=11 \catcode`}=11
\gdef\~charlb[{]
\gdef\~charrb[}]
]% }brace matching

\newbox \~tmpbox   % \~tmpbox = box for temporary calculations
\newcount\~tmpcnt  % \~tmpcnt = \count number for temporary calculations
\newdimen\~tmpdim  % \~tmpdim = \dimen number for temporary calculations

%      **********************************************
%      *           SPECIAL SYMBOLS                  *
%      **********************************************
%
%  DEFINES \\, \{ and \} 

\let\~slashleftbrace=\{     
\let\~slashrightbrace=\}
\def\{{\ifmmode\~slashleftbrace\else$\~slashleftbrace$\fi}
\def\}{\ifmmode\~slashrightbrace\else$\~slashrightbrace$\fi}


%      **********************************************
%      *     PROGRAM CONTROL STRUCTURE MACROS       *
%      **********************************************
% 
% \~while    test \do {body}
% \~whilenum test \do {body}  
% \~whiledim test \do {body}  
%     these implement the loop
%        while  test  do  body  od  
%     where  test  is a TeX \if, \ifnum or \ifdim test, respectively
% \~for name := list \do {body}
%      assumes that expand(list) = a1,a2, ... ,an  
%      executes  body  n  times, with  name = ai  on the i-th iteration
%
% \~tfor name := list \do {body}
%      if list = t1 ... tn  where each ti is a token or {...}, then
%      executes  body  n  times, with  name = ti  on the i-th iteration
%      
%  NOTE: These macros do not work if the body contains anything that looks
%  syntactically to TeX like an improperly balanced \if \else \fi --
%  e.g., if it has an \~ifundefined ... \fi in it.  (This is just one
%  more example of the way TeX makes it virtually impossible to write general-
%  purpose macros.)  However, you can get around this problem by 
%  \def'ing \~foo to be the desired body and using \~foo in the loop.
%
% \~whilenum test \do {body} =
%    if  test
%      then  body
%            \~nextwhile = def(\~whilenum)
%      else  \~nextwhile = def(\~whilenoop)
%
\def\~whilenoop#1\do#2{}
\def\~while#1\do #2{\if #1#2\relax\let\~nextwhile=\~while
         \else\let\~nextwhile=\~whilenoop\fi\~nextwhile #1\do {#2}}
\def\~whilenum#1\do #2{\ifnum #1 #2\relax\let\~nextwhile=\~whilenum 
         \else\let\~nextwhile=\~whilenoop\fi\~nextwhile #1\do {#2}}

% \~whiledim test \do {body} =
%    if  test
%      then  body
%            \~nextwhile = def(\~whiledim)
%      else  \~nextwhile = def(\~whilenoop)
%
\def\~whiledim#1\do #2{\ifdim #1 #2\relax\let\~nextwhile=\~whiledim 
        \else\let\~nextwhile=\~whilenoop\fi\~nextwhile #1\do {#2}}

% \~for name := list \do {body}
%    =  \~forloop expand(list),\nil,\nil =: name \do {body}
%
% \~forloop car, cdr =: name \do {body} =
%     name = car
%     if def(name) = def(\nnil)
%        then  \~nextfor = def(\~whilenoop)
%        else  body ;
%              \~nextfor = def(\~forloop)
%     fi
%     \~nextfor name cdr \do {body}
%
% \~tfor name := list \do {body}
%    =  \~tforloop list\~nil =: name \do {body}
%
% \~tforloop car cdr =: name \do {body} =
%     name = car
%     if def(name) = def(\nnil)
%        then  \~nextfor == \~whilenoop
%        else  body ;
%              \~nextfor == \~forloop
%     fi
%     \~nextfor name cdr \do {body}
%
\def\~nnil{\~nil}
\def\~empty{}

\def\~for#1:=#2\do#3{\xdef\~x~for{#2}\ifx\~x~for\~empty \else
    \expandafter\~forloop#2,\~nil,\~nil=:#1\do{#3}\fi}
\def\~forloop#1,#2=:#3\do#4{\def#3{#1}\ifx #3\~nnil 
       \let\~nextfor=\~whilenoop \else
      #4\relax\let\~nextfor=\~forloop\fi\~nextfor#2=:#3\do{#4}}

\def\~tfor#1:=#2\do#3{\xdef\~x~for{#2}\ifx\~x~for\~empty \else
    \~tforloop#2\~nil\~nil=:#1\do{#3}\fi}
\def\~tforloop#1#2=:#3\do#4{\def#3{#1}\ifx #3\~nnil 
       \let\~nextfor=\~whilenoop \else
      #4\relax\let\~nextfor=\~tforloop\fi\~nextfor#2=:#3\do{#4}}


%       *********************************************
%       *           SPACING AND BOXES               *
%       *********************************************
%
% \boxit{TEXT} : puts TEXT into a box, surrounded by a rectangle
%                with line width \~boxitrule separated from it on
%                all sides by a space \~boxitsep .
%
% \rule{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}{POS} : puts a WIDTH X HEIGHT rule POS distance 
%                             above the baseline.  POS may be negative.
%
% \dimI : a variable unit setable by the user with the command 
% 
% \dimdefI{DIM} : makes 1\dimI = DIM 
%
% \dimofdefI{TEXT} : makes 1\dimI = width of TEXT 
%
% \lboxI{TEXT} : left-justifies TEXT in an \hbox of width 1\dimI
% \rboxI{TEXT} : right-justifies TEXT in an \hbox of width 1\dimI
% \cboxI{TEXT} : centers TEXT in an \hbox of width 1\dimI
% 
% NOTE: all definitions made by \dimdef and \dimofdef are local to
% the current group/environment.  
%
% \~bsphack ... \~esphack
%     used by macros such as \index that want to be invisible -- i.e.,
%     not leave any extra space when used in the middle of text.  Such
%     a macro should begin with \~bsphack and end with \~esphack
%     The macro in question should not create any text, nor change the
%     mode.
%
% \~bsphack ==
%  BEGIN
%    \dimen\~savsk := \the\lastskip
%    if  hmode  then  \~savsf := \the\spacefactor  fi
%  END
%
% \~esphack ==
%  BEGIN
%    if  hmode
%      then  \spacefactor := \~savsf
%            if \dimen\~savsk > 0pt  then  \ignorespaces  fi
%    fi
%  END
%


\newdimen\~savsk
\def\~bsphack{\setdimen\~savsk=\the\lastskip 
    \ifhmode\edef\~savsf{\the\spacefactor}\fi}
\def\~esphack{\ifhmode\spacefactor=\~savsf
     {}\ifdim \dimen\~savsk > 0pt \ignorespaces \fi \fi}

\def\boxit#1{\setbox\~tmpbox=\hbox{#1}\hbox{\lower \~boxitrule
   \hbox{\lower \~boxitsep\hbox{\lower 1dp\~tmpbox\hbox
  {\vbox{\hrule height \~boxitrule
          \hbox{\vrule width \~boxitrule \hskip\~boxitsep
	    \vbox{\vskip\~boxitsep \box\~tmpbox\vskip\~boxitsep}\hskip 
			 \~boxitsep\vrule width \~boxitrule}
		   \hrule height \~boxitrule}}}}}}

\def\rule#1#2#3{\hbox{\raise #3\vbox{\hrule width #1 height #2 }}}
\def\hspace#1{\hskip #1 }
\def\hspacer#1{$ $\hbox{\hskip #1}}
\def\vspace#1{\ifvmode\vskip #1 \else
               \vadjust{\vskip #1}\fi}
\def\vspacer#1{\ifvmode\vbox{\vskip #1}\else
               \vadjust{\vbox{\vskip #1}}\fi}

\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim0\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim1\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim2\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim3\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim4\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim5\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim6\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim7\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim8\endcsname
\expandafter\newbox\csname ~dim9\endcsname


\def\dim#1{wd\backslash{~dim#1}}
\def\dimdef#1#2{\setbox\backslash{~dim#1}=\hbox{\hskip #2}}
\def\dimofdef#1#2{\setbox\backslash{~dim#1}=\hbox{#2}}
\def\lbox#1#2{\hbox to 1\dim#1{#2\hss}}
\def\rbox#1#2{\hbox to 1\dim#1{\hss#2}}
\def\cbox#1#2{\hbox to 1\dim#1{\hss#2\hss}}



%          ****************************************
%          *          PAGE NUMBERING              *
%          ****************************************
%
% \count0 contains the number of the next page to be output (the one
% currently being produced).  Page numbers are produced by the following 
% two macros:
%  \~pagenum    Generates the page number as printed on the output 
%               page.
%  \~pagenumref Generates a page number entry for output to an .AUX
%               file or .TOC file, etc.  Macros to be expanded when
%               that file is read are preceded by \string.
% For example, if the number on page 3 is to be printed as  -iii-  on
% the output page, and is to appear as  iii  in the table of contents, 
% then
%    \~pagenum     =  -\~roman{\the\count0}-
%    \~pagenumref  =  \string\~arabic{\the\count0}
%
% The user sets the pagenumber style with the command
%      \pagenumbering{foo}
% which sets \count0 to 1 and executes the command \~pn~foo.  For example, 
% the pagenumber style arabic, invoked by defining
%    \~pn~arabic  =  
%        \~pagenum    =  \~arabic{\the\count0}
%        \~pagenumref =  \string\~arabic{\the\count0}
%
% The command \setpagenumber{foo} sets \count0 to foo

\def\setpagenumber#1{\global\setcount0=#1\relax}
\def\pagenumbering#1{\global\setcount0=1\relax\csname ~pn~#1\endcsname}
\def\~pn~arabic{\gdef\~pagenum{\~arabic{\the\count0}}\gdef%
\~pagenumref{\string\~arabic{\the\count0}}}
\def\~pn~roman{\gdef\~pagenum{\~roman{\the\count0}}\gdef%
\~pagenumref{\string\~roman{\the\count0}}}


%          ****************************************
%          *     ENVIRONMENT COUNTER MACROS       *
%          ****************************************
%       
%  \~resetcounter{foo}     resets counter foo to zero
%  \setcounter{foo}{val}   sets counter foo to eval(val)
%  \~stepcounter{foo}      increments counter foo and resets all 
%                          subsidiary counters
%  \~refstepcounter{foo}   same a \~stepcounter, but it also defines
%                          \~currentreference so that a subsequent
%                          \label{bar} command causes \ref{bar} to
%                          generate the current value of counter foo.
%  \~definecounter{foo}    initializes counter foo (with empty reset
%                          list)
%  \~addtoreset{foo}{bar}  adds counter foo to the list of counters
%                          to be rest when counter bar is stepped
%  \~counter{foo}          generates value of counter foo. This
%                          macro should not be used, and will probably
%                          disappear.  You should use \~c~foo to obtain
%                          the value of counter foo.  (See below.)
%   
%  CONVENTIONS: 
%      \~c~foo  = value of counter foo 
%      \~cl~foo = list of counters to be reset when foo stepped
%                 (has format  countera,counterb,counterc)
%      \~co~foo = macro to generate output indicating the current value of 
%                 counter foo, as it appears where the counter is used.  
%                 For example, if sections are numbered within
%                 chapters, and section headings look like 
%                      Section II-3.  The Nature of Counters
%                 then \~co~foo might be 
%                     Section \~Roman{\~c~chapter}-\~arabic{\~c~section}.
%      \~ca~foo = macro to generate a list of numbers enclosed in braces
%                 that cam be used to generate the counter number as output.
%                 For example, \~ca~section == {\c~chapter}{\c~section}.
%      \~cr~foo = macro defined so that \~cr~foo\~ca~foo produces
%                 the output for \ref{bar} when bar was defined by
%                 a \label{bar} associating it with the value of 
%                 counter foo. E.g., for sections numbered within chapters,
%                 \~cr~section #1#2 == \~cr~chapter{#1}-\~arabic{#2}.
%      \~cra~foo = same as \~cr~foo, except used for references that
%                  occur inside an appendix.  For example, if chapters
%                  are numbered 1, 2, ... but appendix chapters are numbered
%                  A, B, ... then
%                      \~cr~chapter #1    == \~arabic{#1}
%                      \~cr~section #1#2  == \~cr~chapter{#1}-\~arabic{#2}.
%                      \~cra~chapter #1   == \~Alph{#1}
%                      \~cra~section #1   == \~cra~chapter{#1}-\~arabic{#2}
%                  \~cra~foo can be left undefined in references occurring
%                  in the appendix are numbered the same as elsewhere.
%                  Note: \~cra~foo is used only when reading in the .aux
%                  to define labels.
%
%  To illustrate how all these are used, the following is what a document
%  style definition should contain to define a counter for numbering theorems
%  within chapters, where the third theorem of the second chapter should
%  be numbered ``II-3'' where the theorem appears and in cross-references.
%     1. Execute the macro \~definecounter{theorem} to initialize the
%        counter.
%     2. Execute \~addtoreset{theorem}{chapter} to cause the stepping
%        of the chapter counter to reset the theorem counter.
%     3. Define \~co~theorem, \~ca~theorem and \~cr~theorem as follows:
%          \def\~ca~theorem{{\~c~chapter}{\~c~theorem}}
%          \def\~cr~theorem #1#2{\~cr~chapter{#1}-\~arabic{#2}}
%          \def\~co~theorem 
%             {Theorem {\~Roman{\~c~chapter}-\~arabic{\~c~theorem}.}}
%        If theorems can appear in the appendix, then also define 
%           \def\~cra~theorem #1#2{\~cra~chapter{#1}-\~arabic{#2}}
%     4. Define the theorem environment by 
%          \def\~begintheorem{\~refstepcounter{theorem}\par \noindent 
%                   {\bf \~co~theorem} }
%          \def\~endtheorem{}
%
%  Uses \count\~tmpcnt for temporary calculations
%  Uses \~x~a,\~x~b as temporaries
%
\def\~resetcounter#1{\expandafter\xdef\csname ~c~#1\endcsname{0}}
\def\setcounter#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname ~c~#1\endcsname{#2}}
\def\~stepcounter#1{\setcount\~tmpcnt=\~counter{#1}
     \advcount\~tmpcnt by1
     \expandafter\xdef\csname ~c~#1\endcsname{\the\count\~tmpcnt}\xdef%
\~x~a{\csname ~cl~#1\endcsname}\~for\~x~b:=\~x~a\do{\~resetcounter\~x~b}}

\def\~counter#1{\csname ~c~#1\endcsname}
\def\~definecounter#1{\expandafter\xdef\csname ~cl~#1\endcsname
     {}\~resetcounter{#1}\~addtoreset{#1}{~ckpt}}
\def\~cl~~ckpt{}
\def\~addtoreset#1#2{\expandafter\ifx\csname ~cl~#2\endcsname \~empty
      \expandafter\xdef\csname ~cl~#2\endcsname{#1}\else
      \expandafter\xdef\csname ~cl~#2\endcsname
      {\csname ~cl~#2\endcsname ,#1}\fi}


%          ****************************************
%          *      CROSS REFERENCING MACROS        *
%          ****************************************
%
%  The user writes  \label{foo}  to define the following cross-references:
%     \ref{foo}     = value of most recently incremented referencable counter.
%                     in the current environment.
%                     (Chapter, section, theorem and enumeration counters
%                     counters are referencable, footnote counters are not.)
%     \pageref{foo} = page number at which \label{foo} command appeared.
%  where  foo  can be any string of characters not containing \, { or }.
%
%  Note: The scope of the \label command is delimited by environments, so 
%          \begin{theorem} \label{foo} ... \end{theorem} \label{bar}
%  defines \ref{foo} to be the theorem number and \ref{bar} to be
%  the current section number.  
%  
%  Note: \label does the right thing in terms of spacing -- i.e.,
%  leaving a space on both sides of it is equivalent to leaving 
%  a space on either side.  
% 
%  Note: a warning message will be typed for the first \~maxmsgs
%  undefined \ref, \pageref or \cite references. The number of such
%  references is kept in \count\~undefined.
%
%  This is implemented as follows.  A referencable counter  CNT  is 
%  incremented by the command  \~refstepcounter{CNT} , which sets 
%  \~currentlabel == {CNT}{eval(\~ca~CNT)}.   The command  
%  \label{FOO} then writes the following on file \~auxout :
%        \~refdef{FOO}eval(\~currentlabel){eval(\~pagenumref)}
%                     
%  Note: the macro \namegdef{name}{def} performs a \gdef\name{def}, except
%  it works if  name  has non-letters.  The macro \name is called
%  by \backslash{name}.  The macro \~rnamegdef is defined as follows
%
%  \~refdef{NAME}{CTR}{ARGS}{PAGE} ==
%    BEGIN
%      if \~r~NAME undefined
%        else  message: ``Label NAME multiply defined'' fi
%      if \~appsw = F
%           then \~r~NAME == BEGIN 
%                              if \~ref = T then \backslash{~cr~CTR}ARGS 
%                                           else PAGE   fi
%                            END
%           else  if \~cra~CTR undefined
%                      then  \~r~NAME == BEGIN 
%                                          if \~ref = T 
%                                             then \backslash{~cr~CTR}ARGS 
%                                             else PAGE   fi
%                                         END
%                      else  \~r~NAME == BEGIN 
%                                          if \~ref = T 
%                                             then \backslash{~cra~CTR}ARGS 
%                                             else PAGE   fi
%                                         END
%                 fi
%      fi
%    END
%
%  Note that this assumes that when the \~refdef command is
%  executed, \~appsw will be F except when the definition is for
%  an appendix entry.
%
%  Useful hack:  \~ifundefined{foo} ... \else ... \fi  tests if 
%                \foo is undefined.
%
%
%  \ref{foo}     = 
%      if \~r~foo defined  
%        then  \~ref := T
%              \~r~foo 
%        else  ?? 
%              if \count\~undefined < \~maxmsgs
%                then message: ``reference foo on page \count0 undefined''
%                     \count\~undefined := \count\~undefined + 1
%              fi
%     fi
%
%  \pageref{foo} = 
%      if \~r~foo defined  
%        then  \~ref := F
%              \rp~foo 
%        else  ?? 
%              if \count\~undefined < \~maxmsgs
%                then message: ``reference foo on page \count0 undefined''
%                     \count\~undefined := \count\~undefined + 1
%              fi
%     fi
%
\newcount\~undefined
\def\~maxmsgs{24} %temporary value for testing
\def\~ifundefined#1{\def\~x~a{\expandafter\ifx \csname 
      #1\endcsname}\expandafter\~x~a\csname ~~~undefined\endcsname}
\def\~appsw{F}
\def\~refdef#1#2#3#4{\~ifundefined{~r~#1}\else\warning
       {Warning: label #1 multiply defined.}\fi
     \if\~appsw F \namegdef
{~r~#1}{\if\~ref T\backslash{~cr~#2}#3\else #4\fi}\else
       \expandafter\ifx\csname ~cra~#2\endcsname\relax
       \namegdef{~r~#1}{\if\~ref T\backslash{~cr~#2}#3\else #4\fi}\else
        \namegdef{~r~#1}{\if\~ref T\backslash{~cra~#2}#3\else #4\fi}\fi\fi}

\def\ref#1{\~ifundefined{~r~#1}{\bf ??}\ifnum 
       \count\~undefined<\~maxmsgs\relax\warning
           {Reference #1 on page \the\count0 \space 
            undefined.}\advcount
            \~undefined by 1\fi
       \else \def\~ref{T}{\csname ~r~#1\endcsname}\fi}

\def\pageref#1{\~ifundefined{~r~#1}{\bf ??}\ifnum 
       \count\~undefined<\~maxmsgs\relax\warning
           {Reference #1 on page \the\count0 \space 
            undefined.}\advcount
            \~undefined by 1\fi  
        \else \def\~ref{F}\csname ~r~#1\endcsname\fi}

\def\label#1{\~bsphack\if\~afilesw T{\let\~pagenumref=\relax
\xdef\~x~a{\write\~auxout{\string\~refdef{#1}\~currentlabel{\~pagenumref}}}}%
\~x~a\fi\~esphack}

\def\~refstepcounter#1{\~stepcounter{#1}\~setcurrentlabel{#1}}
\def\~setcurrentlabel#1{\edef\~currentlabel{{#1}{\csname ~ca~#1\endcsname}}}

\~setcurrentlabel{page} % For \label commands that come before any environment




%       ****************************************
%       *          NUMBERING MACROS            *
%       ****************************************
%
%   \~arabic{foo} = representation of eval(foo) as arabic numerals
%   \~roman{foo}  = representation of eval(foo) as lower-case 
%                   Roman numerals
%   \~Roman{foo}  = representation of eval(foo) as upper-case 
%                   Roman numerals
%   \~alph{foo}   = representation of eval(foo) as a lower-case
%                   letter: 1 = a, 2 = b, etc.
%   \~Alph{foo}   = representation of eval(foo) as an upper-case
%                   letter: 1 = a, 2 = b, etc.
%   \arabic       = \~arabic{\the\count\~numberout}       
%   \roman        = \~roman{\the\count\~numberout}
%      etc.
%
%   In all cases, a nonpositive number has the null representation, 
%   and an error occurs when trying to represent a number > 26 as a letter.
%
%   Uses \~tmpcnt and \~numberout
\newcount\~numberout 
\def\arabic{\ifnum \count\~numberout > 0 \number\count\~numberout\fi}
\def\roman{\ifnum \count\~numberout > 0
     \setcount\~tmpcnt=-\count\~numberout \number\count\~tmpcnt\fi}
\def\Roman{\ifnum \count\~numberout > 0 \setcount\~tmpcnt= 
     -\count\~numberout\relax\xdef\~x~a{{\number\count\~tmpcnt}}\expandafter
     \uppercase\~x~a\fi}
\def\Alph{\ifnum \count\~numberout > 0 
     \ifnum \count\~numberout < 27 \setcount\~tmpcnt=\count\~numberout 
      \advcount\~tmpcnt by 64 \char\count\~tmpcnt\relax\else
       \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Counter too big for Alph numbering}\fi\fi}
\def\alph{\ifnum \count\~numberout > 0 
     \ifnum \count\~numberout < 27 \setcount\~tmpcnt=\count\~numberout 
      \advcount\~tmpcnt by 96 \char\count\~tmpcnt\relax\else
       \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Counter too big for alph numbering}\fi\fi}
\def\~arabic#1{\ifnum #1 > 0 \setcount\~tmpcnt=#1 \number\count\~tmpcnt\fi}
\def\~roman#1{\ifnum #1 > 0
     \setcount\~tmpcnt=-#1 \number\count\~tmpcnt\fi}
\def\~Roman#1{\ifnum #1 > 0 \setcount\~tmpcnt= 
     -#1\relax\xdef\~x~a{{\number\count\~tmpcnt}}\expandafter
     \uppercase\~x~a\fi}
\def\~Alph#1{\ifnum #1 > 0 
     \ifnum #1 < 27 \setcount\~tmpcnt=#1 
      \advcount\~tmpcnt by 64 \char\count\~tmpcnt\relax\else
       \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Counter too big for Alph numbering}\fi\fi}
\def\~alph#1{\ifnum #1 > 0 
     \ifnum #1 < 27 \setcount\~tmpcnt=#1 
      \advcount\~tmpcnt by 96 \char\count\~tmpcnt\relax\else
       \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Counter too big for alph numbering}\fi\fi}
%\def\~arabic#1{\setcount\~numberout=#1 \arabic}
%\def\~roman#1{\setcount\~numberout=#1 \roman}
%\def\~Roman#1{\setcount\~numberout=#1 \Roman}
%\def\~Alph#1{\setcount\~numberout=#1 \Alph}
%\def\~alph#1{\setcount\~numberout=#1 \alph}


%     *****************************************
%     *        TABLE OF CONTENTS, ETC.        *
%     *****************************************
%
% CONVENTIONS:
%   \~t~foo  = T if and only if table foo should be produced.
%              It should be set to true only if \~tfilesw = T.
%   \~tf~foo = file number for output.
%
%   Note: When producing the table, the .foo file should be read inside
%         a \begingroup ... \endgroup because it may redefine counter
%         macros, and those definitions should be local.
%
%   \~tabentry{ENTRY}{PAGE}
%       Macro to be defined by document style that makes an entry
%       in a table of contents, etc.
%
% \tableentry{TABLE}{ENTRY}
%      User command for adding his own entry to a table of contents, etc.
%      It is defined to be
%         \~addtableentry{TABLE}{\string\~tabentry{ENTRY}}
%     
% \tablemainentry{TABLE}{ENTRY}
%      User command for adding his own mainentry to a table of contents, etc.
%      It is defined to be
%         \~addtableentry{TABLE}{\string\~tabmainentry{ENTRY}}
%     
% \~addtableentry{TABLE}{ENTRY}
%      If \~t~table = T , then writes on file \~tf~table the line
%      {eval(entry)}{page number}.  Does nothing if \~t~foo = false.  
%      Macros in ENTRY that are to be expanded when the table is 
%      produced, rather than when the auxiliary file is written, should
%      be proceded by \string instead.  A typical use would be
%              \~addtableentry{lof}{\string\figentry\~ca~figure},
%      which would write 
%              \figentry{3}{2}{\~arabic{17}}
%      on the .LOF file if Figure III-2 appears on page 17.   The 
%      \figentry macro would generate the List of Figures entry for 
%      this figure.
%      
% \~addtableentry{TABLE}{ENTRY}  ==
%   BEGIN
%     if \~t~TABLE = T
%        then  \tokens = \~pagenumref
%              \~x~ate  == write eval(ENTRY{\the\tokens}) on file \~tf~TABLE 
%              \~x~ate    fi
%   END

\def\tableentry#1#2{\~addtableentry{#1}{\string\~tabentry{#2}}}
\def\tablemainentry#1#2{\~addtableentry{#1}{\string\~tabmainentry{#2}}}

\def\~addtableentry#1#2{\expandafter\if \csname ~t~#1\endcsname T\tokens%
{\~pagenumref}\xdef\~x~ate{\expandafter%
\write\csname ~tf~#1\endcsname{#2{\the\tokens}}}\~x~ate\fi}



%          ****************************************
%          *            ENVIRONMENTS              *
%          ****************************************
%
%  \begin{foo} and \end{foo} are used to delimit environment foo.  
%  \begin{foo} starts a group and calls \~beginfoo if it is defined,
%  otherwise it does nothing.  \end{foo} checks to see that it matches
%  the corresponding \begin and if so, it calls \~beginfoo and then
%  ends a group.  
%  
%  If \end{foo} needs to ignore blanks after it, then
%  \~endfoo should \gdef\~ignore{T}.
%
%  \~currenvir = the name of the current environment
%
%  NOTE: \~end is defined to be the \end command of TeX82. 
%
\def\~currenvir{~initial~}
\let\~end=\end
\def\theend{\clearpage\~end}

\def\begin#1{\~ifundefined{~begin#1}\def\~x~a{}\errmessage%
{LATEX ERROR: 
 Environment #1 undefined}\else \begingroup \def\~currenvir{#1}\def%
\~x~a{\csname ~begin#1\endcsname}\fi\~x~a}

\def\end#1{\gdef\~ignore{F}\def\~x~a{#1}\ifx
      \~x~a\~currenvir \csname ~end#1\endcsname
      \endgroup \if\~ignore T\ignorespaces\fi\else 
      \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: \string\begin{\~currenvir} ended by
      \string\end{#1}}\fi}


%      **********************************************
%      *               MATH ENVIRONMENTS            *
%      **********************************************
% 
% \( ==  BEGIN  if math mode
%                 then error: ``\( inside math environment''
%                 else $
%               fi
%        END
%
% \) ==  BEGIN  if math mode
%                 then if inner mode
%                        then $             
%                        else error ``\[ closed with \)''
%                 else error ``unmatched \)''
%               fi
%        END
%
% \[ ==  BEGIN  if math mode
%                 then error: ``\[ inside math environment''
%                 else $$                   
%               fi
%        END
%
% \] ==  BEGIN  if math mode
%                 then if inner mode
%                        then error ``\( closed with \]''
%                        else $$
%                 else error ``unmatched \]''
%               fi
%        END
%
% \~beginequation ==  BEGIN \~refstepcounter{equation} $$ END
%
% \~endequation   ==  BEGIN \eqno{\~co~equation} $$\ignorespaces END
% 
% NOTE: The document style must define \~co~equation etc., and do
% the appropriate \~addtoreset .
%

\def\({\ifmmode\errmessage{LATEX ERROR: 
      \string\(\space inside math environment}\else$ %%$BRACE MATCH HACK
       \fi}
\def\){\ifmmode\ifinner$\else\errmessage  %%$ BRACE MATCH HACK
        {LATEX ERROR: 
        \string\[\space closed with \string\)}\fi\else \errmessage
        {LATEX ERROR: Unmatched \string\)}\fi{}}
\def\[{\ifmmode\errmessage{LATEX ERROR: 
        \string\[\space inside math environment}\else$$ %%$$ BRACE MATCH HACK
         \fi}
\def\]{\ifmmode\ifinner\errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
        \string\(\space closed with \string\]}\else$$\fi%%$$ BRACE MATCH HACK
        \else \errmessage
        {LATEX ERROR: Unmatched \string\]}\fi}
\let\~beginmath=\(
\let\~endmath=\)
\let\~begindisplaymath=\[
\def\~enddisplaymath{\]\gdef\~ignore{T}}

\~definecounter{equation}
\def\~beginequation{$$ % $$ BRACE MATCHING HACK
\~refstepcounter{equation}}
\def\~endequation{\eqno{{\~co~equation}}% $$ BRACE MATCHING HACK
$$\gdef\~ignore{T}}


%       ****************************************
%       *          \par and \everypar          *
%       ****************************************
%
% \~par is defined to be the standard TeX \par, so \par
%       can be redefined.  \par == \~par except when leaving a 
%       paragraph environment, as explained below.
%
% \everypar == BEGIN \~everypar END
%
% \~everypar is usually null except inside a list environment.
%     
% A PARAGRAPH ENVIRONMENT is one such that it is left in vertical mode --
% i.e., after a \par.  The list environment is the prime example.
% The LATEX convention is that, from the user's viewpoint, the continuation
% starts a new paragraph if and only if he leaves a blank line after
% the end of the paragraph environment.  This is accomplished by
% putting the command \~parhack at the end of the \~endlist command,
% where \~parhack is defined as follows. 
%
% \~parhack ==
%  BEGIN
%    \~par
%    \endgroup    %% ends the \begin commands \begingroup
%    \par  ==  BEGIN
%                \par == \~par
%                \everypar == \~everypar
%                \~par
%              END
%    \everypar == BEGIN \hskip \minusthe\parindent \~everypar END
%    \begingroup  %% to match the \end commands \endgroup
%  END

\def\~parhack{\~par\endgroup\def\par{\let\par=\~par\everypar{\~everypar}\~par}%
\everypar{\hskip \minusthe\parindent \~everypar}\begingroup}

\let\~par=\par
\def\~everypar{}
\everypar{\~everypar}



%       ****************************************
%       *         THE LIST ENVIRONMENT         *
%       ****************************************
%
% The generic commands for creating an indented environment -- enumerate,
% itemize, quote, etc -- are 
%        \~beginlist{LABELING}{COMMANDS} ... \~endlist
% which can be invoked by the user as the list environment.  The LABELING
% argument specifies item labeling.  The COMMANDS argument contains commands
% to set the horizonatal and vertical spacing parameters of the environment.
% Each item of the environment is begun by one of the following commands:
%     \item : produces a label specified by the \~beginlist's LABELING
%             argument.  The \arabic, \roman, etc. commands can be used
%             to number the item.  For example, if LABELING = (\alph),
%             then an \item command for the third item of the list
%             produces the label (c) .
%     \labelitem{LABEL} :  Produces an item labeled by LABEL.  The commands
%                          \arabic, etc. work the same way here as for \item.
%     \noparitem : like item, except used for the first item of a sublist
%                  which comes at the beginning of an item of an enclosing
%                  list.  For example, if the second item of an enumeration
%                  begins with an itemized list, so the result should look
%                  like:
%                        2. - Gnus.
%                           - Gnats.
%                           - Gnomes.
%                  then you type
%                       \item  \begin{itemize}
%                                 \noparitem Gnus.
%                                 \item Gnats.
%                                 \item Gnomes.
%                              \end{itemize}
%     \noparlabelitem{LABEL} : is to \labelitem as \noparitem is to \item.
%
% Note: The \labelitem command has an additional feature for macro writing.
% If you write \gdef\~labelcounter{foo} in its argument, then 
% a \label command in the item will refer to counter foo.
%
% The list environments (list, enumerate, itemize, etc.) are quite
% forgiving about allowing you to leave or omit blank lines.  There's
% only one rule that you must follow:
%     Never leave a blank line between any of the above four \item 
%     commands and the text of the item.
% As long as you don't violate that rule, you are free to add or
% omit blank lines before and after the \begin command,
% and before the \item and \end commands.  Blank lines within an item cause
% the start of a new paragraph in the same item.
%
% When you leave a list environment, returning either to an enclosing
% list or normal text mode, LaTeX begins a new paragraph if and only if
% you leave a blank line after the \end command.  What really happens,
% in TeX terms, is that a new paragraph is started in any case.
% However, if no blank line (or, more precisely, no additional \par
% command) occurs, then an \hskip \minusthe\parindent is inserted
% at the beginning of the new paragraph.
%
% For an environment like quotation, in which items are not labeled,
% the entire environment is a single item.  It is defined by
% letting \~beginquotation == \~beginlist{}{...} \item .  The spacing
% parameters provide a great deal of flexability in designing the
% format, including the ability to let the indentation of the first
% paragraph be different from that of the subsequent ones.
% 
% NOTE: Environments that may appear inside a list environment and do
% not want to use another list environment for paragraphing will
% find \~totalleftmargin equal to the distance that the prevailing
% left margin is indented from the outermost left margin. As usual,
% \the\hsize is the width of the current line, measured from the
% outermost left margin.
%
% Here are the parameters of a list that can be set by commands in
% the \~beginlist's COMMANDS argument.  The commands are used in the
% obvious way -- for example, the \topsep parameter is set by the
% command \topsep{13em}.  (In all cases, the argument must be
% a dimension.)
%
%   VERTICAL SPACING:
%      \topsep  : space between first item and preceding paragraph.
%      \itemsep : space between successive items.
%      \parsep  : space between paragraphs within an item.
%   HORIZONTAL SPACING
%      \leftmargin    : space between left margin of enclosing environment
%                       (or of page if top level list) and left margin of
%                       this list.  Must be nonnegative.
%                       Note: the command \leftmarginof{FOO} sets the left
%                       margin to be the width of FOO.
%      \rightmargin   : analogous.
%      \listparindent : extra indentation at beginning of every paragraph 
%                       of a list.  May be negative!  It is added BEFORE
%                       the label.  Usually, labeled lists have \listparindent
%                       equal to zero.
%      \labelwidth    : width of box that contains the label.  Must be non-
%                       negative.  Note: the command \labelwidthof{FOO} sets
%                       \labelwidth to the width of FOO.
%      \labelsep      : space between end of label box and text of
%                       first item.  May be negative!
%
%   DEFAULT VALUES:
%      
%      \topsep        : if outermost list then \parskip
%                                         else \itemsep of enclosing list.
%      \itemsep       : same as \topsep.
%      \parsep        : if outermost list then \parskip
%                                         else \parsep of enclosing list.
%      \leftmargin    : \~d~leftmargin
%      \rightmargin   : 0 pt
%      \listparindent : 0 pt
%      \labelwidth    : \~d~labelwidth
%      \labelsep      : \~d~labelsep
%      
%  \~beginlist{LABEL}{COMMANDS} ==
%   BEGIN 
%     \~listdepth := \~listdepth + 1
%     if \~listdepth = 1
%         then \~topsep  :=L \the\parskip
%              \~itemsep :=L \the\parskip
%              \~parsep  :=L \the\parskip
%              \noindent ==L BEGIN enter hmode  \hskip -\parindent END
%         else \~topsep  :=L \~itemsep
%     fi
%     \count\~itemnumber := 0
%     \~leftmargin       :=L \~d~leftmargin           %Set default value
%     \~rightmargin      :=L 0 pt                     %Set default value
%     \~listparindent    :=L 0 pt                     %Set default value
%     \dimen\~labelwidth :=L \~d~labelwidth           %Set default value
%     \dimen\~labelsep   :=L \~d~labelsep             %Set default value
%     \~itemlabel        :=L LABEL
%     COMMANDS                  
%     \~newlist          :=L T
%     \dimen\~newhsize   :=L \the\hsize - \~rightmargin
%     \~totalleftmargin  :=L \~totalleftmargin + \~leftmargin
%     \parindent         :=L \~listparindent
%     \ignorespaces                    % gobble space up to \[label]item
%    END     
%     
% \~endlist ==
%    BEGIN
%      \~listdepth := \~listdepth - 1
%      \~parhack
%      \goodpagebreak
%    END
%
% \labelitem{LAB} ==
%    BEGIN
%     \gdef\~labelcounter{}
%     \~everypar == BEGIN \hsize :=L \dimen\~newhsize 
%                   END   
%
%     if \~newlist = T
%        then  
%          \~newlist :=L F
%          \parskip  :=L \~topsep
%        else
%          \parskip  :=L \~itemsep
%          \goodpagebreak            % Good to break between items.
%     fi
%     if hmode then 2 \unskip's fi   % To remove any dangling space at end of
%     \par \indent                   %   previous paragraph that could cause a
%     \parskip := \~parsep           %   blank line.
%     \hangindent \~totalleftmargin
%     \hskip \~totalleftmargin - \dimen\~labelwidth 
%                - \dimen\~labelsep
%     \count\~itemnumber := \count\~itemnumber + 1   % set up \count\~numberout
%     \count\~numberout  := \count\~itemnumber       % for use by \arabic, etc.
%     \hbox to \dimen\~labelwidth{LAB}
%     if \~labelcounter = {}
%           else \~setcurrentlabel{\~labelcounter}  fi
%     \hskip \dim\~labelsep 
%     \~everypar ==L BEGIN                                     
%                      \parskip := \~parsep                    
%                      \hangindent \~totalleftmargin           
%                      \hskip \~totalleftmargin                
%                   END                                        
%     \ignorespaces            %gobble space up to text
%   END          
%                         
%  \item == \labelitem{\~itemlabel}
%
% \noparlabelitem{LAB} ==
%    BEGIN
%     if \~newlist = T
%        then  
%          \~newlist :=L F
%        else
%        print message ``Warning: \string\nopar[label]item used in middle
%                        of list.''
%     fi
%     \parskip := \~parsep
%     \hangindent \~totalleftmargin
%     \hskip \~leftmargin +\~listparindent - \dimen\~labelwidth 
%                - \dimen\~labelsep
%     \hbox to \dimen\~labelwidth{\~label}
%     \hskip \dim\~labelsep 
%     \~everypar ==L BEGIN                                    
%                      \parskip := \~parsep                   
%                      \hangindent \~totalleftmargin          
%                      \hskip \~totalleftmargin               
%                   END                                       
%      \ignorespaces
%   END          
%
%  \noparitem == \noparlabelitem{\~itemlabel}
%
\newdimen\~newhsize
\def\~listdepth{0}
\def\~totalleftmargin{0pt}
\def\~beginlist#1#2{\setcount\~tmpcnt=\~listdepth \advcount\~tmpcnt by 1
       \xdef\~listdepth{\the\count\~tmpcnt}\ifnum \~listdepth = 1
       \edef\~topsep{\the\parskip}\edef\~itemsep{\the\parskip}\edef\~parsep
       {\the\parskip}\else\edef\~topsep{\~itemsep}\fi \setcount\~itemnumber = 0
       \edef\~leftmargin{\~d~leftmargin}\edef\~rightmargin{0pt}\edef%
\~listparindent{0pt}\setdimen\~labelwidth=\~d~labelwidth
       \setdimen\~labelsep=\~d~labelsep\def\~itemlabel{#1}#2\def\~newlist
       {T}\setdimen\~newhsize=\the\hsize\advdimen \~newhsize by -\~rightmargin
       \setdimen\~tmpdim=\~totalleftmargin
       \advdimen\~tmpdim by \~leftmargin\edef\~totalleftmargin{\the
       \dimen\~tmpdim}\parindent\~listparindent\ignorespaces}
\def\~endlist{\setcount\~tmpcnt=\~listdepth \advcount\~tmpcnt by -1
       \xdef\~listdepth{\the\count\~tmpcnt}\~parhack\goodpagebreak }
\def\labelitem#1{\gdef\~labelcounter{}\def\~everypar{\hsize\dimen\~newhsize
       }\if\~newlist T \def\~newlist{F}\parskip\~topsep
       \else\parskip\~itemsep \goodpagebreak \fi \ifhmode\unskip\unskip\fi
       \par\indent
       \parskip\~parsep\hangindent\~totalleftmargin
       \hskip \~totalleftmargin \hskip 
       \minusthe\dimen\~labelwidth \hskip \minusthe\dimen\~labelsep
       \advcount\~itemnumber by 1 \setcount\~numberout = \count\~itemnumber
       \hbox to \dimen\~labelwidth{#1\hfil}\hskip\dimen\~labelsep
          \ifx\~labelcounter\~empty\else\~setcurrentlabel{\~labelcounter}\fi
       \def\~everypar{\parskip\~parsep\hangindent\~totalleftmargin\hskip
       \~totalleftmargin}\ignorespaces}
\def\item{\labelitem{\hfill \~itemlabel}}
\def\noparlabelitem#1{\if \~newlist T \def\~newlist{F}\else
       \warning{Warning: \string\nopar[label]item in middle of 
       list.}\fi 
       \parskip\~parsep\hangindent\~totalleftmargin
       \hskip \~leftmargin \hskip \~listparindent \hskip 
       \minusthe\dimen\~labelwidth \hskip \minusthe\dimen\~labelsep
       \hbox to \dimen\~labelwidth{#1\hfil}\hskip\dimen\~labelsep
       \def\~everypar{\parskip\~parsep\hangindent\~totalleftmargin\hskip
       \~totalleftmargin}\ignorespaces}
\def\noparitem{\noparlabelitem{\hfill \~itemlabel}}
\def\topsep#1{\edef\~topsep{#1}}
\def\itemsep#1{\edef\~itemsep{#1}}
\def\parsep#1{\edef\~parsep{#1}}
\def\leftmargin#1{\edef\~leftmargin{#1}}
\def\leftmarginof#1{\setbox\~tmpbox=\hbox{#1}\setdimen\~tmpdim=1wd\~tmpbox
     \edef\~leftmargin{\the\dimen\~tmpdim}}
\def\rightmargin#1{\edef\~rightmargin{#1}}
\def\listparindent#1{\edef\~listparindent{#1}}
\def\labelwidth#1{\setdimen\~labelwidth = #1}
\def\labelwidthof#1{\setbox\~tmpbox=\hbox{#1}\setdimen\~labelwidth=1wd\~tmpbox}
\def\labelsep#1{\setdimen\~labelsep = #1}
% DEFINE \dimen's and \count
\newdimen\~labelwidth
\newdimen\~labelsep
\newcount\~itemnumber




%      ****************************************
%      *        LIST-MAKING ENVIRONMENTS      *
%      ****************************************
%
%  Enumeration is done with four counters: enum1, enum2, enum3
%  and enum4, where enumi controls the numbering of the ith level
%  enumeration.  To change the way items are numbered and referenced,
%  you just change the appropriate counter definitions -- e.g.,
%  defining \~co~enum2 to be \~roman{(\backslash{~c~enum2})} makes
%  the numbering of the second-level list look like (i), (ii), etc.
%  The control sequences \~enum1margin, \~enum2margin, etc. determine the
%  left margins of the enumeration levels -- i.e., \~enum3margin
%  is the amount by which the left margin of the level-3 enumeration
%  is indented with respect to the level-2 enumeration's left margin.
%  They should be dimensions specified in em's, so they'll work right
%  with arbitrary font sizes. Remember that since the counter names have 
%  numbers in them, you have to use \namedef, \pnamedef and \backslash 
%  to define and use them.
%
%  Itemization is controlled by four commands: ~item1, ~item2, ~item3
%  and ~item4.  To cause the second-level list to be bulleted, you
%  just define \~item2 to be $\bullet$.  (Remember to use \namedef.)
%  The control sequences \~item1indent, etc. are analogous to the corresponding
%  ones for enumeration.
%
%  \count\~enumdepth holds the current enumeration nesting depth.
%  \count\~itemdepth holds the current itemization nesting depth.
%
%  \~beginenumerate ==
%    BEGIN
%      if \count\~enumdepth > 3
%        then  errormessage: ``only 4 levels of enumeration allowed''
%        else  \count\~enumdepth := \count\~enumdepth + 1
%              \~enumctr         =L eval(~enum\the\count\~enumdepth)
%              \~resetcounter{\~enumctr}
%              \~beginlist{\~stepcounter{\~enumctr}
%                          \~labelcounter :=G \~enumctr
%                               \hss           %don't worry about big label
%                               \backslash{~co~\~enumctr}}
%                         {\leftmargin{\backslash{~[\~enumctr]margin}}}
%      fi
%    END
%
%  \~endenumerate ==  
%    BEGIN
%       \count\~enumdepth := \count\~enumdepth - 1
%       \~endlist
%    END
%
\newcount\~enumdepth
\setcount\~enumdepth = 0
\def\~beginenumerate{\ifnum \count\~enumdepth > 3 \errmessage
      {LATEX ERROR: Only four levels of enumeration allowed}\else
      \advcount\~enumdepth by 1 \edef\~enumctr
      {enum\the\count\~enumdepth}\~resetcounter{\~enumctr}\~beginlist
      {\~stepcounter{\~enumctr}\gdef\~labelcounter{\~enumctr
      }\hss\backslash{~co~\~enumctr}}{\leftmargin
        {\backslash{~\~enumctr margin}}}\fi}
\def\~endenumerate{\advcount\~enumdepth by -1 \~endlist}


%  \~beginitemize ==
%    BEGIN
%      if \count\~itemdepth > 3
%        then  errormessage: ``only 4 levels of itemization allowed''
%        else  \count\~itemdepth := \count\~itemdepth + 1
%              \~itemizelabel    =L eval(~item\the\count\~itemdepth)
%              \~beginlist{\hss\backslash{~itemlabel}}
%                          {\leftmargin{\backslash{[\~itemizelabel]margin}}}
%      fi
%    END
%
%  \~enditemize ==  
%    BEGIN
%       \count\~itemdepth := \count\~itemdepth - 1
%       \~endlist
%    END
%
\newcount\~itemdepth
\setcount\~itemdepth = 0
\def\~beginitemize{\ifnum \count\~itemdepth > 3 \errmessage
      {LATEX ERROR: Only four levels of itemization allowed}\else
      \advcount\~itemdepth by 1 \edef\~itemizelabel
      {~item\the\count\~itemdepth}\~beginlist
      {\hss\backslash{\~itemizelabel}}{\leftmargin{\backslash{\~itemizelabel 
       margin}}}\fi}
\def\~enditemize{\advcount\~itemdepth by -1 \~endlist}

% \~begindescription{LABEL} == \~beginlist{}{\labelwidthof{LABEL}
%                               \leftmarginof{LABEL\hbox to \~d~labelsep{}
%                                             \hbox to \~d~leftmargin{}}}
%

\def\~begindescription#1{\~beginlist{}{\labelwidthof{#1}\leftmarginof
     {\hbox to \~d~labelsep{}\hbox to \~d~leftmargin{}#1}}}
\let\~enddescription=\~endlist


%       ****************************************
%       *         THEOREM ENVIRONMENTS         *
%       ****************************************
%
%  The user creates his own theorem-like environments
%  by using the command
%      \theoremdef{NAME}{TEXT}
%  This defines the environment NAME to be just as one would
%  expect a theorem environment to be, except that it prints
%  ``TEXT'' instead of ``Theorem''.  The command 
%      \localtheoremdef
%  is similar, except that numbering is local to a chapter.
%  To define another environment NEWNAME which is to be numbered
%  by the same counter as NAME, except labeled by ``NEWTEXT'',
%  one uses the command
%     \sametheoremdef{NAME}{NEWNAME}{NEWTEXT}.
%  (This works for both globally and locally numbered environments.
%
%  DOCUMENT STYLE PARAMETERS
%
%  \~thmnumber : A command with a single argument.  
%            \~thmnumber{\~c~theorem} should produce the theorem 
%            number for globally numbered theorems.
%  \~localthmnumber : A command with two arguments.
%            \~localthmnumber{\~c~chapter}{\~c~theorem} should 
%            produce the theorem number for locally numbered theorems.
%  \~applocalthmnumber : Same as \~localthmnumber, except for theorems
%            that appear in the appendix.
%  \~~beginthmenv, \~~endthmenv : Commands to delimit a theorem-like
%            environment.  \beginthmenv{NAME}{TEXT} should begin
%            the environment numbered by counter NAME and labeled ``TEXT''.
%     Note: \~~endthmenv should use \~parhack to implement the convention
%           that a blank line after the \end{...} starts a new paragraph.
%
% \theoremdef{NAME}{TEXT} ==
%   BEGIN
%     \~definecounter{NAME}
%     \~co~NAME == {\~thmnumber{\~c~NAME}} %% note: extra braces needed
%                     %% to keep TeX from looking for more digits of number
%                     %% during expansion.
%     \~ca~NAME == {\~c~NAME}
%     \~cr~NAME == \~thmnumber
%     \~beginNAME == \~~beginthmenv{NAME}{TEXT}
%     \~endNAME   == \~~endthmenv
%   END
%
% \localtheoremdef{NAME}{TEXT} ==
%   BEGIN
%     \~definecounter{NAME}
%     \~addtoreset{NAME}{chapter}
%     \~co~NAME == {\~localthmnumber{\~c~chapter}{\~c~NAME}}
%     \~ca~NAME == {\~c~chapter}{\~c~NAME}
%     \~cr~NAME == \~localthmnumber
%     \~cra~NAME == \~applocalthmnumber
%     \~beginNAME == \~~beginthmenv{NAME}{TEXT}
%     \~endNAME   == \~~endthmenv
%   END
%
% \sametheoremdef{NAME}{NEWNAME}{TEXT} ==
%   BEGIN
%     \~beginNAME == \~~beginthmenv{NAME}{TEXT}
%     \~endNAME   == \~~endthmenv
%   END
%
\def\theoremdef#1#2{\~definecounter{#1}\namegdef%
{~co~#1}{{\~thmnumber{\backslash{~c~#1}}}}\namegdef%
{~ca~#1}{{\backslash{~c~#1}}}\namegdef{~cr~#1}{\~thmnumber
       }\namegdef{~begin#1}{\~~beginthmenv{#1}{#2}}\namegdef%
{~end#1}{\~~endthmenv}}

\def\localtheoremdef#1#2{\~definecounter{#1}\~addtoreset
     {#1}{chapter}\namegdef%
{~co~#1}{{\~localthmnumber{\~c~chapter}{\backslash%
{~c~#1}}}}\namegdef%
{~ca~#1}{{\~c~chapter}{\backslash{~c~#1}}}\namegdef%
{~cr~#1}{\~localthmnumber}\namegdef{~cra~#1}{\~applocalthmnumber
       }\namegdef{~begin#1}{\~~beginthmenv{#1}{#2}}\namegdef%
{~end#1}{\~~endthmenv}}

\def\sametheoremdef#1#2#3{\namegdef{~begin#2}{\~~beginthmenv
      {#1}{#3}}\namegdef{~end#2}{\~~endthmenv}}


%       ****************************************
%       *       THE TABBING ENVIRONMENT        *
%       ****************************************
%
%  \dimen(\~firsttab + i) = distance of tab stop i from left margin
%         0 <= i <= 15 (?).  
%
%  \dimen\~firsttab is initialized to \~totalleftmargin, so it starts
%      at the prevailing left margin.
%                      
%  \~maxtab          = number of highest defined tab register
%                       probably = \~firsttab + 12 
%  \count\~nxttabmar = tab stop number of next line's left margin
%  \count\~curtabmar = tab stop number of current line's left margin
%  \count\~curtab    = number of the current tab. At start of line,
%                      it equals \~curtabmar
%  \count\~hightab   = largest tab number currently defined.
%  \count\~tabpush   = depth of \pushtab's
%
%  \box\~curline     = contents of current line, excluding left margin skip,
%                      and excluding contents of current field
%  \box\~curfield    = contents of current field
%
%  \~rjfield         = T iff the last field of the line should be 
%                      right-justified at the right margin.
%
%  \~pgmsep          = distance left by the \' command between the current
%                      position and the field that is ``left-shifted''.
%                      Default definition = \~d~labelsep
%
%  UTILITY MACROS
%   \~stopfield  : closes the current field
%   \~addfield   : adds the current field to the current line.
%   \~contfield  : continues the current field
%   \~startfield : begins the next field
%   \~stopline   : closes the current line and outputs it
%   \~startline  : starts the next line
%   \~ifatmargin : an \if that is true iff the current line.
%                  has width zero
%
% \~startline ==
%  BEGIN
%   \count\~curtabmar :=G \count\~nxttabmar
%   \count\~curtab :=G \count\~curtabmar
%   \box\~curline :=G null
%   \~startfield 
%   \strut
%  END
%
% \~stopline ==
%  BEGIN
%   \unskip
%   \~stopfield
%   if \~rjfield = T
%     then  \~rjfield :=G F
%           \hbox to \the\hsize{\hskip \the\dimen\count\~curtabmar 
%                              \box\~curline
%                              \hfil
%                              \box\~curfield}
%     else \~addfield
%          \hbox {\hskip \the\dimen\count\~curtabmar 
%                 \box\~curline}
%   fi
%  END
%
% \~startfield ==
%  BEGIN
%    \box\~curfield :=G \hbox {
%  END
%
% \~stopfield ==
%  BEGIN       
%     }
%  END
%
% \~contfield ==
%  BEGIN
%   \box\~curfield :=G \hbox { \unhbox\~currfield  %%} brace matching
%  END
% \~addfield ==
%  BEGIN
%   \box\~curline :=G \unbox\~curline * \unbox\~curfield
%  END
%
% \~ifatmargin ==
%  BEGIN
%   if  dim of box\~curline = 0pt  then
%  END
%
% 
% \~begintabbing ==
%  BEGIN
%   \lineskip :=L 0pt
%   \> == \~rtab
%   \< == \~ltab
%   \= == \~settab
%   \+ == \~tabplus
%   \- == \~tabminus
%   \` == \~tabrj
%   \' == \~tablab
%   \CR == BEGIN \~stopline \~startline END
%   \CRSP{DIST} == BEGIN \~stopline \vskip DIST \~startline\ignorespaces END
%   \XCR == BEGIN \~stopfield\~startline END
%   \count\~hightab :=G \count\~nxttabmar :=G \~firsttab
%   \count\~tabpush :=G 0
%   \dimen\~firsttab := \~totalleftmargin
%   \~rjfield :=G F
%   \par
%   \vskip \the\parskip
%   \~startline
%   \ignorespaces
%  END
%
% \~endtabbing == 
%  BEGIN
%   \~stopline
%   if \count\~tabpush > 0 then error message: ''unmatched \poptabs'' fi
%   \~parhack
%  END
%
% \~rtab ==
%  BEGIN
%   \~stopfield
%   \~addfield
%   if \count\~curtab < \count\~hightab
%     then \~curtab :=G \~curtab + 1
%     else error message ``Undefined Tab''   fi
%   \dimen\~tmpdim := \dimen\count\~curtab - \dimen\count\~curtabmar 
%                        - width of box \~curline
%   \box\~curline :=G \hbox{\unhbox\~curline + \hskip\dimen\~tmpdim}
%   \~startfield
%  END
%
% \~settab ==
%  BEGIN
%   \~stopfield
%   \~addfield
%   if \count\~curtab < \~maxtab
%     then \count\~curtab :=G \count\~curtab+1
%     else error message: ``Too many tabs''    fi
%   if \count\~curtab > \count\~hightab
%     then \count\~hightab :=L \count\~curtab    fi
%   \dimen\count\~curtab :=L \dimen\count\~curtabmar + width of \box\~curline
%   \~startfield
%  END
%
% \~ltab ==
%  BEGIN
%   \~ifatmargin
%     then if \count\~curtabmar > \~firsttab
%            then \count\~curtab :=G \count\~curtab - 1
%                 \count\~curtabmar :=G \count\~curtabmar - 1
%            else error message ``Too many untabs''      fi
%     else error message ``Left tab in middle of line''
%   fi
%  END
%
% \~tabplus ==    
%  BEGIN 
%        if  \count\~nxttabmar < \~maxtab
%           then \count\~nxttabmar :=G \count\~nxttabmar+1
%           else error message ``Too many tabs'' 
%        fi 
%  END
%
% \~tabminus ==      
%  BEGIN 
%        if \count\~nxttabmar > \~firsttab
%           then \count\~nxttabmar :=G \count\~nxttabmar-1
%           else error message ``Too many untabs'' 
%        fi
%  END
%
% \~tabrj ==
%  BEGIN \~stopfield 
%        \~rjfield :=G T
%        \~startfield     
%  END
%
% \~tablab ==
%  BEGIN \~stopfield
%        \box\~curline := \hbox{ \box\~curline
%                                \hskip - width of \box\~curfield
%                                \hskip -\~pgmsep
%                                \box\~curfield
%                                \hskip \~pgmsep }
%        \~startfield
%  END
%
% \pushtabs ==      
%   BEGIN
%     \~stopfield
%     \count\~tabpush :=G \count\~tabpush + 1
%     \begingroup
%     \~contfield
%   END
%
% \poptabs ==    
%  BEGIN
%    \~stopfield
%    if \count\~tabpush > 0
%      then \endgroup
%           \count\~tabpush :=G \count\~tabpush - 1
%      else error message: ``Too many \poptabs''
%    fi
%    \~contfield
%  END
%
\newdimen\~firsttab
\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a
\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a
\newdimen\~x~a\newdimen\~x~a
\newdimen\~maxtab
\setdimen\~firsttab=0pt
\newcount\~nxttabmar
\newcount\~curtabmar
\newcount\~curtab
\newcount\~hightab
\newcount\~tabpush
\newbox\~curline
\newbox\~curfield
\def\~startline{\global\setcount\~curtabmar=\count\~nxttabmar\relax
   \global\setcount\~curtab=\count\~curtabmar\relax\setbox\~curline=\hbox
    {}\~startfield\strut}
\def\~stopline{\unskip\~stopfield\if\~rjfield T\gdef\~rjfield{F}\hbox
   to \the\hsize{\hskip\the\dimen\count\~curtabmar\relax
   \box\~curline\relax\hfil\box\~curfield}\else\~addfield
   \hbox{\hskip\the\dimen\count\~curtabmar\relax\box\~curline}\fi}
\def\~startfield{\global\setbox\~curfield=\hbox\~leftbrace}%{ BRACE MATCH HACK
\let\~stopfield=}
\def\~contfield{\global\setbox\~curfield=\hbox\~leftbrace\unhbox\~curfield}
\def\~addfield{\global\setbox\~curline=\hbox{\unhbox
     \~curline\unhbox\~curfield}}
\def\~ifatmargin{\ifdim 1wd\count\~curline = 0pt}
\def\~begintabbing{\lineskip 0pt\let\>=\~rtab\let\<=\~ltab\let\==\~settab
     \let\+=\~tabplus\let\-=\~tabminus\let\`=\~tabrj\let\'=\~tablab
     \def\CR{\~stopline\~startline}\def\CRSP##1{\~stopline\vskip ##1\~startline
      \ignorespaces}\def\XCR{\~stopfield\~startline}\global\setcount\~hightab
      =\~firsttab\relax\global\setcount\~nxttabmar
      =\~firsttab\setdimen\~firsttab=\~totalleftmargin
     \global\setcount\~tabpush=0 \gdef\~rjfield{F}\par
      \vskip\the\parskip\~startline\ignorespaces}
\def\~endtabbing{\~stopline\ifnum\count\~tabpush > 0 \errmessage
      {LATEX ERROR: Unmatched \string\poptabs}\fi\~parhack}
\def\~rtab{\~stopfield\~addfield\ifnum \count\~curtab<\count\~hightab\relax
      \global\advcount\~curtab by 1 \else\errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
         Undefined tab}\fi
      \setdimen\~tmpdim=\dimen\count\~curtab\relax
      \advdimen\~tmpdim by \minusthe\dimen\count\~curtabmar\relax
      \advdimen\~tmpdim by -1wd\~curline
      \setbox\~curline=\hbox{\unhbox\~curline\hskip\dimen\~tmpdim}
      \~startfield}
\def\~settab{\~stopfield\~addfield\ifnum \count\~curtab < \~maxtab\relax
      \global\advcount\~curtab by 1 \else\errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
       Too many tabs}\fi
      \ifnum\count\~curtab > \count\~hightab\relax
      \setcount\~hightab=\count\~curtab\fi
      \setdimen\count\~curtab=\dimen\count\~curtabmar\relax
      \advdimen\count\~curtab by 1wd\~curline\~startfield}
\def\~ltab{\~ifatmargin\ifnum\count\~curtabmar > \~firsttab\relax
      \global\advcount\~curtab by -1 \global\advcount\~curtabmar by -1 \else
      \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Too many untabs}\fi\else
      \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Left tab in middle of line}\fi}
\def\~tabplus{\ifnum \count\~nxttabmar < \~maxtab\relax
      \global\advcount\~nxttabmar by 1 \else
      \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Too many tabs}\fi}
\def\~tabminus{\ifnum\count\~nxttabmar > \~firsttab\relax
      \global\advcount\~nxttabmar by -1 \else
      \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Too many untabs}\fi}
\def\~tabrj{\~stopfield\gdef\~rjfield{T}\~startfield}
\def\~tablab{\~stopfield\setbox\~curline=\hbox{\box\~curline
     \hskip -1wd\~curfield \hskip -\~pgmsep \box\~curfield
      \hskip \~pgmsep}\~startfield}
\def\pushtabs{\~stopfield\~addfield\global\advcount\~tabpush by 1 \begingroup
       \~contfield}
\def\poptabs{\~stopfield\~addfield\ifnum\count\~tabpush > 0 \endgroup 
     \global\advcount\~tabpush by -1 \else
     \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Too many \string\poptabs}\fi\~contfield}

%INITIALIZATION:
\def\~pgmsep{\~d~labelsep}


%      ****************************************
%      *       THE PICTURE ENVIRONMENT        *
%      ****************************************
%
%  \dim0           = value of dimension argument
%  \dimen\~xorg    = origin's x-coordinate
%  \dimen\~yorg    = origin's y-coordinate
%  \~wholewidth    = current line width 
%  \~halfwidth     = half of current line width 
%  \~linefnt       = font for drawing lines
%  
% \~beginpicture(XSIZE,YSIZE)(XORG,YORG)
%   BEGIN
%     \vbox to YSIZE * \dim0 {\vss
%       \hbox to XSIZE * \dim0 {
%          \dimen\~xorg    := XORG * \dim0
%          \dimen\~yorg    := YORG * \dim0
%   END
%
% \~endpicture ==
%   BEGIN
%                   \hss } }
%   END
%
% \put(X, Y){OBJ} ==
%   BEGIN
%     \~killglue
%     \dimen\~xdim  := X * \dim0  -  \dimen\~xorg
%     \dimen\~ydim  := Y * \dim0  -  \dimen\~yorg
%     \raise \dimen\~xdim  \hbox to 0pt { \hskip \dimen\~ydim  
%                                          OBJ \hss           }
%     \ignorespaces
%   END
%
% \multiput(X,Y)(DELX,DELY){N}{OBJ} ==
%   BEGIN
%    \~killglue
%    \count\~multicnt := N
%    \dimen\~xdim  := X * \dim0  -  \dimen\~xorg
%    \dimen\~ydim  := Y * \dim0  -  \dimen\~yorg
%    while \count\~multicnt > 0
%      do \raise \dimen\~xdim  \hbox to 0pt { \hskip \dimen\~ydim  
%                                             OBJ \hss            }
%         \count\~multicnt := \count\~multicnt - 1
%         \dimen\~xdim     := \dimen\~x + DELX * \dim0
%         \dimen\~ydim     := \dimen\~y + DELY * \dim0
%      od
%    \ignorespaces
%   END
%
%  INITIALIZATION
%    \~mb~l :=L \~mb~r :=L \hss
%    \~mb~t :=L \~mb~b :=L \hss
%
% \makebox(X,Y){POS}{OBJ} ==
%  BEGIN
%    \begingroup
%    \dimen\~xorg := \dimen\~yorg := 0pt
%    tfor \~x~a := POS    % one iteration for each token in POS
%      do  \~mb~eval(\~x~a) :=L null od
%    \vbox to Y * \dim0
%       {\~mb~t 
%        \hbox to X * \dim0
%           {\~mb~l \hbox{OBJ} \~mb~r }
%        \~mb~b}
%    \endgroup
%  END
\def\~beginpicture(#1,#2)(#3,#4){\vbox to #2\dim0\lb\vss\hbox to #1\dim0\lb
\setdimen\~xorg=#3\dim0\setdimen\~yorg=#4\dim0}

\def\~endpicture{\hss\rb\rb}

\def\put(#1,#2)#3{\~killglue\setdimen\~xdim=#1\dim0\advdimen\~xdim by
\minusthe\dimen\~xorg \setdimen\~ydim=#2\dim0\advdimen\~ydim by
\minusthe\dimen\~yorg\raise\dimen\~ydim\hbox to 0pt{\hskip
\dimen\~xdim #3\hss}\ignorespaces}

\def\multiput(#1,#2)(#3,#4)#5#6{\~killglue\setcount\~multicnt=#5\relax
\setdimen\~xdim=#1\dim0\advdimen\~xdim 
by \minusthe\dimen\~xorg \setdimen\~ydim=#2\dim0\advdimen\~ydim by
\minusthe\dimen\~yorg\~whilenum \count\~multicnt > 0\do
{\raise\dimen\~ydim\hbox to 0pt{\hskip
\dimen\~xdim #6\hss}\advcount\~multicnt by -1\advdimen\~xdim by 
#3\dim0\advdimen\~ydim by #4\dim0}\ignorespaces}

\def\~killglue{\unskip\unskip\unskip\unskip}

\let\~mb~b=\vss
\let\~mb~l=\hss
\let\~mb~r=\hss
\let\~mb~t=\vss

\def\makebox(#1,#2)#3#4{\begingroup\setdimen\~xorg=0pt\setdimen\~yorg=0pt%
\~tfor\~x~a :=#3\do{\namedef{~mb~\~x~a}{}}\vbox
to #2\dim0{\~mb~t\hbox to #1\dim0{\~mb~l\hbox{#4}\~mb~r}\~mb~b}\endgroup}

\def\savebox#1(#2,#3)#4#5{\setcount\~tmpcnt=\~picbox
\advcount\~tmpcnt by #1\relax\setbox\count\~tmpcnt=\hbox
{\makebox(#2,#3){#4}{#5}}}

\def\usebox#1{\setcount\~tmpcnt=\~picbox\advcount\~tmpcnt by #1\relax
\copy\count\~tmpcnt\relax}

\newbox{\~picbox}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}
\newbox{\~x~a}

% FaCSL FRAME DEFINITION STILL GOOD
\def\frame#1{\vbox{\vskip-\~halfwidth\hrule height\~halfwidth depth \~halfwidth
  \vskip-\~halfwidth\hbox{\hskip-\~halfwidth \vrule width\~wholewidth
  \hskip-\~halfwidth #1\hskip-\~halfwidth \vrule width \~wholewidth
  \hskip -\~halfwidth}\vskip -\~halfwidth\hrule height \~halfwidth
  depth \~halfwidth\vskip -\~halfwidth}}


% TEMPORARY DEFINITIONS
\def\thinlines{\ifhmode\~killglue\fi
\def\~linefnt{\tenln}\def\~halfwidth{.2pt}\def\~wholewidth{.4pt}}

\def\thicklines{\ifhmode\~killglue\fi
\def\~linefnt{\tenlnw}\def\~halfwidth{.5pt}\def\~wholewidth{1.0pt}}

\def\stack#1{\vbox{\baselineskip-1pt\lineskip 3pt\halign
     {\hss ##\hss\cr #1\cr}}}

\def\lstack#1{\vbox{\baselineskip-1pt\lineskip 3pt\halign
    {##\hss\cr #1\cr}}}

\def\spec{\hskip-0.3pt
    \vrule height0.3pt depth0.3pt width0.6pt}

%\def\cross{\hbox to 0pt{\hskip-0.2pt\vrule 
%    depth 5pt width .4pt height 5pt}\hbox to 0pt{\hskip -5pt\vrule
%    depth 0.2pt width 10 pt height 0.2pt}}


% \line(X,Y){LEN} ==
% BEGIN 
%  if X > 0 
%  then
%    \count\~tmpcnt := |Y|
%    if \count\~tmpcnt > 6
%      then error: ``LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of \line.''
%           \count\~tmpcnt := 0 
%    fi
%    if \count\~tmpcnt > 0 
%      then  
%        if Y > 0 then \~upordown = \raise
%                      \~initupordown = 0
%                 else \~upordown = \lower
%                      \~initupordown = 1
%        fi
%        \box\~linechar       := \hbox{\~linefnt \~getlinechar(X,Y) }
%        \dimen\~totallinelen := LEN * \dim0
%        \dimen\~currlinelen  := width of \box\~linechar
%        \dimen\~currlineht   := \~initupordown * height of \box\~linechar
%
%  %% Put out integral number of line segments
%        while \dimen\~currlinelen <  \dimen\~totallinelen 
%          do  \~upordown \dimen\~currlineht \copy\~linechar
%              \dim\~currlineht    := \dim\~currlineht + ht of \box\~linechar
%              \dimen\~currlinelen := \dimen\~currlinelen 
%                                        + width of \box\~linechar
%          od
%
%  %% Put out last segment
%        \dimen\~currlineht  := \dimen\~currlineht - height of \box\~linechar
%        \dimen\~currlinelen := \dimen\~currlinelen - width of \box\~linechar
%        \dimen\~tmpdim      := (\dimen\~totallinelen - \dimen\~currlinelen)
%        \hskip - width of \box\~linechar
%        \hskip\dimen\~tmpdim
%        \dimen\~tmpdim      := 1000 * \dimen\~tmpdim
%        \count\~tmpcnt      := \dimen\~tmpdim / width of \box\~linechar 
%        \dimen\~tmpdim      := (\count\~tmpcnt * ht of \box\~linechar)/1000
%        \dimen\~currlineht := \dimen\~currlineht + \dimen\~tmpdim
%        \hbox{\~upordown \dimen\~currlineht \copy\~linechar}
%
%      else    % horizontal line
%       \hbox{\vrule height \~halfwidth depth \~halfwidth width LEN * \dim0}
%     fi
%   else error: ``LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of \line.''
%  fi
% END
%
% \~getlinechar(X,Y) ==
%   BEGIN
%     \count\~tmpcnt := 8*X - 9
%     if Y > 0 
%       then \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt + Y
%       else \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt - Y + 64
%     fi
%     \char\count\~tmpcnt
%   END
%
% \larrowline(X,Y){LEN} ==
%  BEGIN
%   \box\~tmpbox   := \hbox to 0pt{\~linefnt \~getlarrow(X,Y) \hss}
%   \count\~tmpcnt := |Y|
%     if  \count\~tmpcnt < 5
%        then  if Y < 0
%                then  \lower height of \box\~tmpbox \copy\~tmpbox
%                else  \copy\~tmpbox
%              fi
%              \line(X,Y){LEN}
%         else error: ``LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of \larrowline.''
%     fi   
%  END       
%
% \~getlarrow(X,Y) == 
%  BEGIN
%   if Y = 0
%     then \count\~tmpcnt := '33
%     else \count\~tmpcnt := 16 * X  -  9
%          \count\~tmpcnta := 2 * Y
%          if \count\~tmpcnta > 0
%            then  \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt  +  \count\~tmpcnta 
%            else  \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt  -  \count\~tmpcnta +  64
%          fi
%   fi
%   \char\count\~tmpcnt
%  END
%
% \rarrowline(X,Y){LEN} ==
%  BEGIN
%   \line(X,Y){LEN}
%   \count\~tmpcnt := |Y|
%     if  \count\~tmpcnt < 5
%        then  \box\~tmpbox   := \hbox{\~linefnt \~getrarrow(X,Y) \hss}
%              \hskip - width of \box\~tmpbox
%              \~upordown \dimen\~currlineht \box\~tmpbox
%        else  error: ``LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of \rarrowline.''
%     fi   
%  END       
%
% \~getrarrow(X,Y) ==
%  BEGIN
%   \count\~tmpcnta := |Y|
%   case of \count\~tmpcnta
%     0 : \count\~tmpcnt := '55
%     1 : if X < 3
%           then \count\~tmpcnt :=  24*X - 6
%           else if X = 3
%                  then \count\~tmpcnt := 49
%                  else \count\~tmpcnt := 58  fi
%         fi
%     2 : if X < 3
%           then \count\~tmpcnt :=  24*X - 3
%           else \count\~tmpcnt := 51     % X must = 3
%         fi
%     3 : \count\~tmpcnt := 16*X - 2
%     4 : \count\~tmpcnt := 16*X + 7
%   endcase
%   if Y < 0
%     then \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt + 64
%   fi
%   \char\count\~tmpcnt
%  END

\def\line(#1,#2)#3{\ifnum #1 > 0 \setcount\~tmpcnt=#2 \ifnum\count\~tmpcnt
 < 0\setcount\~tmpcnt=\minusthe\count\~tmpcnt\fi\ifnum\count\~tmpcnt
>6 \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of \string\line}\setcount\~tmpcnt
=0 \fi\ifnum\count\~tmpcnt > 0 \ifnum #2 > 0 \let\~upordown=\raise
\def\~initupordown{0 }\else\let\~upordown=\lower\def\~initupordown{1 }\fi
\setbox\~linechar=\hbox{\~linefnt\~getlinechar(#1,#2)}\setdimen%
\~totallinelen=#3\dim0\setdimen\~currlinelen=1wd\~linechar\setdimen%
\~currlineht=1ht\~linechar\multdimen\~currlineht by \~initupordown
\~whiledim \dimen\~currlinelen < \dimen\~totallinelen \do
{\~upordown\dimen\~currlineht\copy\~linechar\relax\advdimen\~currlineht
by 1ht\~linechar\relax \advdimen\~currlinelen by 1wd\~linechar}%
\advdimen\~currlineht by -1ht\~linechar\advdimen\~currlinelen
by -1wd\~linechar\setdimen\~tmpdim=\dimen\~totallinelen\advdimen\~tmpdim
by \minusthe\dimen\~currlinelen\hskip -1wd\~linechar\hskip\dimen\~tmpdim
\multdimen\~tmpdim by 1000 \setcount\~tmpcnt=\dimen\~tmpdim
\setdimen\~tmpdim=1wd\~linechar \divcount\~tmpcnt by \dimen\~tmpdim
\setdimen\~tmpdim=1ht\~linechar \multdimen\~tmpdim by \count\~tmpcnt
\divdimen\~tmpdim by 1000 \advdimen\~currlineht by \dimen\~tmpdim
\~upordown\dimen\~currlineht\copy\~linechar\else
\hbox{\vrule height \~halfwidth depth \~halfwidth width #3\dim0}\fi
\else\errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of \string\line}
\fi}

\def\~getlinechar(#1,#2){\setcount\~tmpcnt=#1\multcount\~tmpcnt by 8
\advcount\~tmpcnt by -9 \ifnum #2>0 \advcount\~tmpcnt by #2 \else
\advcount\~tmpcnt by -#2 \advcount\~tmpcnt by 64 \fi
\char\count\~tmpcnt}

\def\larrowline(#1,#2)#3{\setbox\~tmpbox=\hbox to 0pt{\~linefnt
\~getlarrow(#1,#2)\hss}\setcount\~tmpcnt=#2\relax\ifnum\count\~tmpcnt < 0
\setcount\~tmpcnt=\minusthe\count\~tmpcnt\fi\ifnum\count\~tmpcnt < 5
\ifnum #2 <0 \lower 1ht\~tmpbox\copy\~tmpbox\else\copy\~tmpbox\fi
\line(#1,#2){#3}\else\errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of
\string\larrowine}\fi}

\def\~getlarrow(#1,#2){\ifnum #2 =0 \setcount\~tmpcnt='33\else
\setcount\~tmpcnt=#1\relax\multcount\~tmpcnt by 16 \advcount\~tmpcnt by
-9 \setcount\~tmpcnta=#2\relax\multcount\~tmpcnta by 2
\ifnum \count\~tmpcnta >0 \advcount\~tmpcnt by \count\~tmpcnta\relax
\else\advcount\~tmpcnt by \minusthe\count\~tmpcnta\advcount\~tmpcnt by 64
\fi\fi\char\count\~tmpcnt}

\def\rarrowline(#1,#2)#3{\line(#1,#2){#3}\setcount\~tmpcnt=#2\relax
\ifnum\count\~tmpcnt < 0 \setcount\~tmpcnt=\minusthe\count\~tmpcnt\relax\fi
\ifnum\count\~tmpcnt < 5 \setbox\~tmpbox=\hbox{\~linefnt
\~getrarrow(#1,#2)\hss}\hskip -1wd\~tmpbox\relax\~upordown\dimen\~currlineht
\box\~tmpbox\relax
\else\errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Illegal argument of \string\rarrowline}\fi}

\def\~getrarrow(#1,#2){\setcount\~tmpcnta=#2\relax
\ifnum\count\~tmpcnta < 0 \setcount\~tmpcnta=\minusthe\count\~tmpcnta\relax\fi
\ifcase \count\~tmpcnta\relax \setcount\~tmpcnt='55 \or 
\ifnum #1<3 \setcount\~tmpcnt=#1\relax\multcount\~tmpcnt by
24 \advcount\~tmpcnt by -6 \else \ifnum #1=3 \setcount\~tmpcnt=49
\else\setcount\~tmpcnt=58 \fi\fi\or 
\ifnum #1<3 \setcount\~tmpcnt=#1\relax\multcount\~tmpcnt by
24 \advcount\~tmpcnt by -3 \else \setcount\~tmpcnt=51\fi\or 
\setcount\~tmpcnt=#1\relax\multcount\~tmpcnt by
16 \advcount\~tmpcnt by -2 \else
\setcount\~tmpcnt=#1\relax\multcount\~tmpcnt by
16 \advcount\~tmpcnt by 7 \fi\ifnum #2<0 \advcount\~tmpcnt by 64 \fi
\char\count\~tmpcnt}

% INITIALIZATION IN CASE \rarrowline called first
\def\~upordown{\raise} 


\def\upline#1{\hbox to 0pt{\hskip -\~halfwidth \vrule width \~wholewidth
   height #1\dim0 depth 0pt\hss}}

\def\uparrow#1{\upline{#1}\setbox\~tmpbox=\hbox{\~linefnt\char'66}\raise 
   #1\dim0\hbox
    to 0pt{\lower 1ht\~tmpbox\box\~tmpbox\hss}}

\def\downarrow#1{\upline{#1}\hbox to 0pt{\~linefnt\char'77\hss}}

% \dashbox(X,Y){D} =  
%   \makebox(X,Y){bl}
%     { \baselineskip := 0pt
%  %% HORIZONTAL DASHES
%       \dimen\~dashdim := X * \dim0
%       \count\~dashcnt := \dimen\~dashdim + 200 % to prevent roundoff error
%       \dimen\~dashdim := D * \dim0
%       \count\~dashcnt := \count\~dashcnt / \dimen\~dashdim 
%       if \count\~dashcnt is even
%         then \dimen\~dashdim := \dimen\~dashdim / 2
%              \count\~dashcnt := \count\~dashcnt / 2 - 1
%              \box\~dashbox   := \hbox{\vrule height \~halfwidth
%                                    depth \~halfwidth width \dimen\~dashdim}
%              \put(0,0){\copy\~dashbox}
%              \put(0,Y){\copy\~dashbox}
%              \put(X,0){\hskip -\dimen\~dashdim\copy\~dashbox}
%              \put(X,Y){\hskip -\dimen\~dashdim\box\~dashbox}
%              \dimen\~dashdim := 3 * \dimen\~dashdim 
%         else \dimen\~dashdim := 0pt
%              \count\~dashcnt := (\count\~dashcnt + 1) / 2
%       fi                      
%       \box\~dashbox := \hbox{\vrule height \~halfwidth
%                                 depth \~halfwidth width D * \dim0 
%                              \hskip D * \dim0}
%       \count\~tmpcnt := 0
%       put(0,0){\hskip \dimen\~dashdim
%                while \count\~tmpcnt < \count\~dascnt
%                  do \copy\~dashbox
%                     \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt + 1
%                  od
%               }
%       \count\~tmpcnt := 0
%       put(0,Y){\hskip \dimen\~dashdim
%                while \count\~tmpcnt < \count\~dascnt
%                  do \copy\~dashbox
%                     \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt + 1
%                  od
%               }
%
% %% vertical dashes
%       \dimen\~dashdim := Y * \dim0
%       \count\~dashcnt := \dimen\~dashdim + 200 % to prevent roundoff error
%       \dimen\~dashdim := D * \dim0
%       \count\~dashcnt := \count\~dashcnt / \dimen\~dashdim 
%       if \count\~dashcnt is even
%         then \dimen\~dashdim := \dimen\~dashdim / 2
%              \count\~dashcnt := \count\~dashcnt / 2 - 1
%              \box\~dashbox   := \hbox{\hskip -\~halfwidth
%                                       \vrule width \~wholewidth
%                                                height \dimen\~dashdim  }
%              \put(0,0){\copy\~dashbox}
%              \put(X,0){\copy\~dashbox}
%              \put(0,Y){\lower\dimen\~dashdim\copy\~dashbox}
%              \put(X,Y){\lower\dimen\~dashdim\copy\~dashbox}
%              \dimen\~dashdim := 3 * \dimen\~dashdim 
%         else \dimen\~dashdim := 0pt
%              \count\~dashcnt := (\count\~dashcnt + 1) / 2
%       fi                      
%       \box\~dashbox := \hbox{\vrule width \~wholewidth
%                                 height D * \dim0       }
%       \count\~tmpcnt := 0
%       put(0,0){\hskip -\halfwidth
%                \vbox{while \count\~tmpcnt < \count\~dashcnt
%                       do \vskip D*\dim0
%                          \copy\~dashbox
%                          \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt + 1
%                       od
%                      \vskip \~dashdim
%                     } }
%       \count\~tmpcnt := 0
%       put(X,0){\hskip -\halfwidth
%                \vbox{while \count\~tmpcnt < \count\~dashcnt
%                       do \vskip D*\dim0
%                          \copy\~dashbox
%                          \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt + 1
%                       od
%                      \vskip \~dashdim
%                     }
%               }
%    }     % END MAKEBOX
% END

\def\dashbox(#1,#2)#3{\makebox(#1,#2){bl}{\baselineskip 0pt%
\setdimen\~dashdim=#1\dim0%
\setcount\~dashcnt=\dimen\~dashdim \advcount\~dashcnt by 200
\setdimen\~dashdim=#3\dim0\divcount\~dashcnt by \dimen\~dashdim
\ifeven\~dashcnt \divdimen\~dashdim by 2 \divcount\~dashcnt by 2
\advcount\~dashcnt by -1
\setbox\~dashbox=\hbox{\vrule height \~halfwidth depth \~halfwidth
width \dimen\~dashdim\relax}\put(0,0){\copy\~dashbox}%
\put(0,#2){\copy\~dashbox}%
\put(#1,0){\hskip\minusthe\dimen\~dashdim\copy\~dashbox}%
\put(#1,#2){\hskip\minusthe\dimen\~dashdim\box\~dashbox}%
\multdimen\~dashdim by 3 \else\setdimen\~dashdim=0pt%
\advcount\~dashcnt by 1 \divcount\~dashcnt by 2 \fi
\setbox\~dashbox=\hbox{\vrule height \~halfwidth depth \~halfwidth
width #3\dim0\hskip #3\dim0}\setcount\~tmpcnt=0
\put(0,0){\hskip\dimen\~dashdim \~whilenum \count\~tmpcnt < \count\~dashcnt
\relax\do{\unskip\copy\~dashbox\advcount\~tmpcnt by 1 }}\setcount\~tmpcnt=0
\put(0,#2){\hskip\dimen\~dashdim \~whilenum \count\~tmpcnt < \count\~dashcnt
\relax\do{\unskip\copy\~dashbox\advcount\~tmpcnt by 1 }}%
\setdimen\~dashdim=#2\dim0%
\setcount\~dashcnt=\dimen\~dashdim \advcount\~dashcnt by 200
\setdimen\~dashdim=#3\dim0\divcount\~dashcnt by \dimen\~dashdim
\ifeven\~dashcnt \divdimen\~dashdim by 2 \divcount\~dashcnt by 2
\advcount\~dashcnt by -1
\setbox\~dashbox=\hbox{\hskip -\~halfwidth
\vrule width \~wholewidth 
height \dimen\~dashdim\relax}\put(0,0){\copy\~dashbox}%
\put(#1,0){\copy\~dashbox}%
\put(0,#2){\lower\dimen\~dashdim\copy\~dashbox}%
\put(#1,#2){\lower\dimen\~dashdim\copy\~dashbox}%
\multdimen\~dashdim by 3 \else\setdimen\~dashdim=0pt%
\advcount\~dashcnt by 1 \divcount\~dashcnt by 2 \fi
\setbox\~dashbox=\hbox{\vrule width \~wholewidth 
height #3\dim0}\setcount\~tmpcnt=0
\put(0,0){\hskip -\~halfwidth \vbox{\~whilenum \count\~tmpcnt < \count\~dashcnt
\relax\do{\vskip #3\dim0\copy\~dashbox\advcount\~tmpcnt by 1 }%
\vskip\dimen\~dashdim}}\setcount\~tmpcnt=0
\put(#1,0){\hskip -\~halfwidth \vbox{\~whilenum \count\~tmpcnt< \count\~dashcnt
\relax\do{\vskip #3\dim0\copy\~dashbox\advcount\~tmpcnt by 1 }%
\vskip\dimen\~dashdim
}}}}

%INITIALIZATION
\thinlines   

\newdimen\~xorg   
\newdimen\~yorg    
\newcount\~multicnt 
\newcount\~tmpcnta 
\newdimen\~xdim
\newdimen\~ydim
\newbox\~linechar
\newdimen\~totallinelen
\newdimen\~currlinelen
\newdimen\~currlineht
\newdimen\~dashdim
\newbox\~dashbox
\newcount\~dashcnt

 
%      ****************************************
%      *     CENTER, FLUSHRIGHT, FLUSHLEFT    *
%      ****************************************
%
% 
%   center sets \leftskip to \parfillskip and flushright sets
%   \leftskip to 0pt + 1fil and \parfillskip to 0.
%   
%   flushleft creates a \vbox in which each line is an \hbox to 
%   its natural size.  This means that a flushleft can be used inside
%   another environment in a nice way.  However, it means that other
%   paragraphing environments can't be nested inside flushleft.
%

\def\~begincenter{\def\CR{\unskip\par\parskip 0pt$ $}%
\def\CRSP##1{\unskip\vspace{##1}\par\parskip 0pt$ $\ignorespaces}%
\def\~everypar{}%
\par\leftskip\the\parfillskip\parindent\~totalleftmargin$ $\ignorespaces}

\let\~endcenter=\~parhack

\def\~beginflushright{\def\CR{\unskip\par\parskip 0pt$ $}\def\CRSP##1{%
\unskip\vspace{##1}\par\parskip 0pt$ $\ignorespaces}\def\~everypar{}%
\par\leftskip 0pt plus 1fil\parfillskip 0pt%
\parindent\~totalleftmargin$ $\ignorespaces}

\let\~endflushright=\~parhack



\def\~beginflushleft{\def\CR{\unskip\hss\~rightbrace\hbox\~leftbrace}\def%
\CRSP##1{\unskip\hss\~rightbrace\vspace{##1}\hbox%
\~leftbrace\ignorespaces}$ $\vbox\~leftbrace\hbox \~leftbrace\ignorespaces}

\def\~endflushleft{\hss\~rightbrace\~rightbrace}


%       ****************************************
%       *              EXAMPLE                 *
%       ****************************************
%
%  This environment uses the fixed-width \tt font, turns blanks into spaces 
%  and starts a new line for each CR.  A blank line leaves a \baselineskip 
%  space
%
%  CR redefined to \par, where \par redefined to \~par$ $
%  No indentation
%  Space redefined to \space
%
{\obeylines\gdef\~ex~a{$ $\parskip 0pt\let
=\~ex~b}}
\def\~ex~b{\par$ $}
{\obeylines\gdef\~beginexample{\def\~everypar{}\par\tt\frenchspace%
\setdimen\~tmpdim=\~totalleftmargin\advdimen\~tmpdim by \~d~leftmargin%
\parindent\dimen\~tmpdim%
\obeyspaces\catcode`\^^M=13 \let^^M=\~ex~a\ignorespaces}}

\def\~endexample{\baselineskip0pt\lineskip0pt\~par\~parhack}


%       ****************************************
%       *             FOOTNOTES                *
%       ****************************************
%
%   \footnote{NOTE}       : User command to insert a footnote.
%   \nfootnote{NUM}{NOTE} : User command to insert the NUM-th footnote
%                           on the page, where NUM is a number -- 1, 2,
%                           etc.  It is needed because, in a style in
%                           which footnotes are numbered within a page,
%                           TeX will sometimes foul up the numbering.  
%                           This happens because at the time the footnote
%                           number is generated by the \footnote command,
%                           TeX has not yet decided where to break the
%                           page.
%   \~makefootnote{MARK}{NOTE} :
%        Must produce the actual footnote, where MARK is the ``number''
%        of the footnote and NOTE is the text.  For example, might be
%        as simple as \par\noindent$^{MARK}$NOTE.  However, it should use 
%        struts to make sure that the footnote line has the right height
%   \~footruleheight : height of rule separating footnotes from text.
%   \~footruleshift  : amount that the rule is shifted up from its ``natural''
%                      position just below the last line of the main text.
%                      It must be a nonnegative dimension.
%
% The counter footnote must be defined like an ordinary counter.  If 
% footnotes are numbered within pages, then the \~addtoreset command
% must be used to get the footnote counter to be reset when the page
% counter is stepped.  \~cr~footnote and must be defined
% so that \~cr~footnote{\~c~footnote} produces exactly the same output
% as \~co~footnote.  (It is used to generate the footnotes in the 
% \nfootnote command.)  

% \footnote{NOTE}  ==
%  BEGIN
%    \~stepcounter{footnote}
%    \~footnote{\~co~footnote}{NOTE}
%  END
%
% \nfootnote{NUM}{NOTE} == \~footnote{\~cr~footnote{NUM}}{NOTE}
%
% \~footnote{MARK}{NOTE} ==
%  BEGIN
%    if horizontal mode
%      then if inner mode
%             then print error message ``Footnotes not allowed here, sorry''
%             else \~x~sf := \the\spacefactor
%                  $^{MARK}$                       % put number in main text
%                  \begingroup
%                    \hsize :=L \columnwidth              % needed in case 
%                    \~everypar :=L null                   %   footnote
%                    \everypar  ==L BEGIN \~everypar END   %   inside list
%                    \leftskip  :=L 0pt          % in case footnote inside
%                    \rightskip :=L 0pt          % center or flushright
%                    \parfillskip :=L 0pt + 1fil %
%                    \insert into \~footinsert
%                      {\interlinepenalty :=L 100   % Stolen from Knuth
%                      \~makefootnote{MARK}{NOTE} }
%                  \endgroup
%                  \spacefactor := \~x~sf
%           fi
%      else error message ``Please use \footnote only within a paragraph.''
%    fi
%  END
\def\footnote#1{\~stepcounter{footnote}\~footnote{\~co~footnote}{#1}}
\def\nfootnote#1#2{\~footnote{\~cr~footnote{#1}}{#2}}
\def\~footnote#1#2{\ifhmode\ifinner
      \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Footnotes are not allowed here, sorry}
      \else\edef\~x~sf{\the\spacefactor}$^{#1}$\begingroup
      \hsize\columnwidth\def\~everypar{}\everypar
      {\~everypar}\leftskip 0pt\rightskip 0pt\parfillskip 0pt plus 1fil%
\insert\~footinsert
      {\interlinepenalty100\~makefootnote{#1}{#2}}\endgroup\spacefactor
      =\~x~sf\fi\else\errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
      Footnotes are not allowed here, sorry}\fi{}}



%       ****************************************
%       *       PAGE AND LINE BREAKING         *
%       ****************************************
%
\def\pagebreak{\ifvmode \penalty -10000\else\~bsphack\vadjust{\penalty 
     -10000}\~esphack\fi} 
\def\goodpagebreak{\ifvmode \penalty -400\else\~bsphack\vadjust{\penalty 
     -400}\~esphack\fi} 
\def\verygoodpagebreak{\ifvmode \penalty -500\else\~bsphack
    \vadjust{\penalty -500}\~esphack\fi} 
\def\nopagebreak{\ifvmode \penalty 10000\else\~bsphack
    \vadjust{\penalty 10000}\~esphack\fi} 
\def\badpagebreak{\ifvmode \penalty 400\else\~bsphack\vadjust{\penalty 
    400}\~esphack\fi} 
\def\verybadpagebreak{\ifvmode \penalty 500\else\~bsphack
    \vadjust{\penalty 500}\~esphack\fi} 

\def\newline{\ifvmode \errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
        There's no line here to break}\else\hfil\penalty -10000\fi}
\def\linebreak{\ifvmode \errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
        There's no line here to break}\else\unskip\penalty -10000\fi}
\def\goodlinebreak{\ifvmode \errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
        There's no line here to break}\else\unskip\penalty -400\fi\ }
\def\badlinebreak{\ifvmode \errmessage{LATEX ERROR:
        There's no line here to break}\else\unskip\penalty 400\fi\ }



%       ****************************************
%       *         FIGURES AND TABLES           *
%       ****************************************
%
% Figures are made with the following environments. They each have a single
% argument, which is the text of the figure caption.  The body of the
% environment -- the material between the \begin and \end -- is assembled
% in a vbox, using the current values of \parskip, \parindent, etc.
% and the appropriate hsize for a full page or column wide figure.
%   figure         : puts a full \textwidth wide figure at the top of the 
%                    next page where it fits, but not on the current one.
%                    Puts a space of height \~figsep between multiple
%                    figures on the same page, and a space \~topinsertskip
%                    between the figures and the text.
%             
%   fullpagefigure : same as figure, but produces a figure that is a
%                    full \~pageheight high, and goes on its own page.
%   intextfigure   : starts a new paragraph and puts a \columnwidth wide 
%                    figure at the current position in the text.  Puts an
%                    extra space of \~textfigsep around the figure (in
%                    addition to \parskip).  Since TeX will not split a
%                    vbox when forming pages, you had better know where
%                    the figure will appear on the page when using this.
% These environments are implemented using \~begininsert, 
% \~beginfullpageinsert, \~beginintextinsert, \~endfigure and 
% \~endintextfigure.  These same macros will be used to implement floating
% tables and any other similar environment.
%
% Two arguments to the \~begininsert, etc. macros are a table name TAB
% and a counter COUNTER.  If TAB has a non-empty value, then the 
% \~addtableentry macro is used to add the entry 
%         \~tr~TAB  eval[\~ca~COUNTER] {caption}{\~pagenumref}
% to table TAB.
%
% LaTeX does figure placement by itself, without using TeX's \insert command.
% Figures waiting to be placed on a page are stored in a ring of boxes, with
% the following pointers:
%    \~nextfig  : number of box into which the next figure should be inserted.
%    \~lastfig  : number of box after the last one to be put on the current
%                 page.
%    \~oldfig   : number of box holding the next figure to be output on a page.
% If \~lastfig = \~oldfig, then no figures are to be put on the current page.
% If \~nextfig = \~oldfig, then there are no figures waiting to be output.
%
% PARAMETERS
%   \~figsep          : The separation between figures if more than one is 
%                       inserted onto the same page. (A dimension.)
%   \~textfigsep      : Extra space to be left above and below a figure 
%                       or table inserted in the middle of the text. 
%                       (A dimension.)
%   \~captionskip     : Space between a figure or table and its caption.
%   \~topinsertskip   : Space between top inserted figures and text. (A skip.)
%   \~topinsertskipdim : Dimension part of \~topinsertskip -- i.e., without
%                        the plus and minus.
%   \~caption{LABEL}{CAP} :
%        Macro to generate a caption -- e.g., \~caption{Figure 3}{...}.
%        Note that it must handle the case in which caption won't fit on a 
%        single line.
%
%  VARIABLES
%  \~f~fullpage : T if making fullpagefigure or table.
%  \~f~caption  : saves argument of \~beginfigure
%  \box\~figsav - \box\~endfigsav :
%     a sequence of boxes used to hold figures.
%  \~oldfig    : number of box holding the oldest figure not yet inserted
%                onto a page.
%  \~nextfig   : number of box into which next figure is to be inserted.
%                \~nextfig = \~oldfig  if there are no figures waiting to 
%                be inserted.
%
% \~beginfigure{CAPTION} == \~begininsert{figure}{Figure}{CAPTION} 
%
% \~begininsert{COUNTER}{NAME}{CAPTION}{TAB}  ==
%  BEGIN
%    if horizontal mode    
%      then  \unskip       
%    fi      
%    \hsize       :=L \textwidth
%    \~f~fullpage := F
%    \~refstepcounter{COUNTER}
%    \~f~caption == \~caption{Figure \~co~figure}{CAPTION}
%    \box\~nextfig := \vbox{                      % } to balance braces
%                          \~addtableentry{TAB}{\string\~tr~TAB 
%                                                      \~ca~COUNTER{CAPTION}}
%                        \hbox to \textwidth
%                            { \hss \vbox{        % } } to balance braces
%  END                         
%
% \~beginfullpagefigure{CAPTION} ==
%    \~beginfullpageinsert{figure}{Figure}{CAPTION} %
%
% \~beginfullpageinsert{COUNTER}{NAME}{CAPTION}{TAB} ==
%  BEGIN
%    if horizontal mode    
%      then  \unskip       
%    fi      
%    \hsize       :=L \textwidth
%    \~f~fullpage := T
%    \~refstepcounter{COUNTER}
%    \~f~caption == \~caption{NAME \~co~COUNTER}{CAPTION}
%    \box\~nextfig := \vbox to \textheight{\vss % 
%                        \~addtableentry{TAB}{\string\~tr~TAB 
%                                              \~ca~COUNTER{CAPTION}}
%                        \hbox to \textwidth
%                            { \hss \vbox{       % 
%  END                         
%
% \~endfigure ==
%  BEGIN
%                                           } \hss
%                             }
%                           \vskip \~captionskip 
%                             \hbox to \textwidth{\hss
%                                                  \~f~caption
%                                                  \hss}
%                           if \~f~fullpage = T then \vss fi
%                         }
%  
%   if height of \box\~nextfig > \textheight
%     then \box\~nextfig := \vbox to \textheight{\box\~nextfig}
%          error message: ``figure too big''
%     else
%          \~stepfig{\~nextfig}
%          if \~nextfig = \~oldfig
%            then error message ``Too many figures on a page'' fi
%   fi
%   ignore following space        
%  END
%
% \~beginintextfigure{CAPTION} == \~beginintextinsert{figure}{Figure}{CAPTION} 
%
% \~beginintextinsert{COUNTER}{NAME}{CAPTION}{TAB} ==
%  BEGIN
%    \par
%    \hsize    :=L \columnwidth
%    \~refstepcounter{COUNTER}
%    if TAB = null
%      else  \~addtableentry{TAB}{\string\~tr~TAB \~ca~COUNTER{CAPTION}}
%    \~f~caption == \~caption{NAME \~co~COUNTER}{CAPTION}
%     \par
%     \lineskip :=L 0pt
%     \vskip\the\parskip
%     \vskip\~textfigsep
%     \vbox{\hbox to \columnwidth
%              { \hss \vbox{
%  END                         
%
% \~endintextfigure ==
%  BEGIN
%                           } \hss
%               }
%            \vskip \~captionskip 
%            \hbox to \columnwidth{\hss
%                                   \~f~caption
%                                   \hss}
%          }
%     \vskip\~textfigsep
%     \~parhack
%  END
%
% \~endfullpagefigure == \~endfigure  
%
%  \~stepfig{FIG} ==
%    BEGIN
%      if FIG < \~endfigsave             
%        then FIG := FIG + 1
%        else FIG := \~savfig      fi
%    END

\let\~leftbrace={
\let\~rightbrace=}
\def\~beginfigure#1{\~begininsert{figure}{Figure}{#1}{lof}}
\def\~begininsert#1#2#3#4{\ifhmode\unskip\fi
       \hsize\textwidth
       \def\~f~fullpage{F}\~refstepcounter{#1}\def%
\~f~caption{\~caption{#2 \backslash{~co~#1}}{#3}}\global\setbox
       \~nextfig=\vbox\~leftbrace
\~addtableentry{#4}{\string\~tr~ #4\backslash{~ca~#1}{#3}}\hbox 
to \textwidth\~leftbrace\hss
       \vbox\~leftbrace}
\def\~endfigure{\~rightbrace\hss\~rightbrace\vskip\~captionskip
        \hbox to \textwidth{\hss\~f~caption\hss}\if\~f~fullpage T\vss
        \fi\~rightbrace
        \ifdim 1ht\~nextfig > \textheight 
           \global\setbox\~nextfig=\vbox to \textheight{\box\~nextfig\relax}
           \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Figure too big} \else
           \~stepfig\~nextfig
           \ifnum \~nextfig = \~oldfig\relax
              \errmessage{LATEX ERROR: Too many figures on one page}\fi
        \fi\ignorespaces}
\def\~stepfig#1{\ifnum #1<\~endsavfig\relax
        \setcount\~tmpcnt=#1\relax\advcount\~tmpcnt by 1
        \xdef#1{\the\count\~tmpcnt}\else \xdef#1{\~savfig}\fi}

\def\~beginfullpagefigure#1{\~beginfullpageinsert{figure}{Figure}{#1}{lof}}
\def\~beginfullpageinsert#1#2#3#4{\ifhmode\unskip\fi
       \hsize\textwidth
       \def\~f~fullpage{T}\~refstepcounter{#1}\def%
\~f~caption{\~caption{#2 \backslash{~co~#1}}{#3}}\global\setbox
       \~nextfig=\vbox to \textheight 
       \~leftbrace \~addtableentry{#4}{\string\~tr~ #4\backslash{~ca~#1}{#3}}%
\vss \hbox to \textwidth\~leftbrace\hss
       \vbox\~leftbrace}

\def\~beginintextfigure#1{\~beginintextinsert{figure}{Figure}{#1}{lof}}

\def\~beginintextinsert#1#2#3#4{\par\hsize\columnwidth
       \def\~f~where{0}\~refstepcounter{#1}\~addtableentry
       {#4}{\string\~tr~ #4\backslash{~ca~#1}{#3}}\def%
\~f~caption{\~caption{#2 \backslash{~co~#1}}{#3}}\vbox 
       \~leftbrace \vss \hbox to \columnwidth\~leftbrace\hss
       \vbox\~leftbrace}

\def\~endintextfigure{\~rightbrace\hss\~rightbrace\vskip\~captionskip
        \hbox to \columnwidth{\hss\~f~caption\hss}\~rightbrace
        \vskip\~textfigsep\~parhack}

\let\~endfullpagefigure=\~endfigure    

% ANALOGOUS DEFINITIONS FOR tables
%
\def\~begintable#1{\~begininsert{table}{Table}{#1}{lot}}
\def\~beginfullpagetable#1{\~beginfullpageinsert{table}{Table}{#1}{lot}}
\def\~beginintexttable#1{\~beginintextinsert{table}{Table}{#1}{lot}}
\let\~endtable=\~endfigure    
\let\~endfullpagetable=\~endfigure    
\let\~endintexttable=\~endintextfigure

% INITIALIZATION
\newbox\~savfig      %boxes for saving figures
\newbox\~x~a
\newbox\~x~a
\newbox\~x~a
\newbox\~x~a
\newbox\~endsavfig

\xdef\~nextfig{\~savfig}
\xdef\~oldfig{\~savfig}
\xdef\~lastfig{\~savfig}
\def\~figplacement{1}


%       ****************************************
%       *      MISCELLANEOUS                   *
%       ****************************************
%
% \~topnewpage{BOX} starts a new page and puts  BOX  centered
%   in a box across the top.  Useful for full-width titles for
%   double-column pages
%
% \~topnewpage{BOX} ==
%   \clearpage
%   \box\~nextfig := \hbox to \textwidth {\hss \vbox{BoX}\hss}
%   \dimen\~vsize := \textheight - height of box\~nextfig 
%                      - depth of box\~nextfig - \~topinsertskipdim
%   \vsize := \dimen\~vsize
%   \~nextfig := \~stepfig{\~nextfig}
%   \~lastfig := \~stepfig{\~lastfig}
%   
\def\~topnewpage#1{\clearpage\setbox\~nextfig=\hbox to \textwidth
  {\hss\vbox{#1}\hss}\setdimen\~vsize
=\textheight\advdimen\~vsize by -1ht\~nextfig\advdimen\~vsize by -1dp\~nextfig
\advdimen\~vsize by -\~topinsertskipdim\vsize\dimen\~vsize\~stepfig\~nextfig
\~stepfig\~lastfig}


%          ****************************************
%          *    INITIAL DECLARATION COMMANDS      *
%          ****************************************
%
%               DOCUMENT STYLE AND PAGE LAYOUT    
%               ------------------------------
%
% The user specifies a page layout style with a command
% \pagelayout{ARG1,ARG2,...,ARGn}.  For each i: if there is a predefined
% page layout macro \~pl~ARGi, then that macro is executed.  Otherwise,
% the file ARGi.PLO is \input.
%
% The \documentstyle command is similar, except that the macro name is
% \~ds~ARGi and the file name is ARGi.STY .
%
% \pagelayout{ARGLIST}  ==
%   BEGIN
%     for \~x~sty := ARGLIST
%       do if \~pl~[eval(\~x~sty)] undefined
%            then \input [eval(\~x~sty)].PLO
%            else \~pl~[eval(\~x~sty)]
%       od
%   END
%
% \documentstyle{ARGLIST}  ==
%   BEGIN
%     for \~x~sty := ARGLIST
%       do if \~ds~[eval(\~x~sty)] undefined
%            then \input [eval(\~x~sty)].STY
%            else \~ds~[eval(\~x~sty)]
%       od
%   END
%
\def\pagelayout#1{\def\~x~body{\~ifundefined{~pl~\~x~sty}\input
      \~x~sty.PLO\else\backslash{~pl~\~x~sty}\fi}\~for\~x~sty:=#1\do
      {\~x~body}}
\def\documentstyle#1{\def\~x~body{\~ifundefined{~ds~\~x~sty}\input
      \~x~sty.STY\else\backslash{~ds~\~x~sty}\fi}\~for\~x~sty:=#1\do
       {\~x~body}}



%              PAGE STYLE COMMANDS
%              -------------------
%  \pagestyle{STYLE}     : sets the page style of the current and succeeding
%                          pages to STYLE
%
%  \thispagestyle{STYLE} : sets the page style of the current page only
%                          to STYLE
%
%  To define a page style STYLE, you must define \~ps~STYLE
%  to set the page style parameters.
%
\def\pagestyle#1{\backslash{~ps~#1}}
\def\thispagestyle#1{\gdef\~specialpage{T}\gdef\~specialstyle{#1}}


%      **********************************************
%      *               ARRAY MACROS                 *
%      **********************************************
% 
% STYLE PARAMETERS FOR array ENVIRONMENTS
%
% \~ar~spacer : default spacer to go between columns of an array
% \~ar~rule   : rule plus space to go between columns of array.  Should
%               be same total width as \~ar~spacer
%
% \~startarray{FORMAT} ==
%  BEGIN
%    \begingroup                    
%    \lineskip     :=L 0pt              
%    \baselineskip := L 0pt
%    \~ar~lb       == \relax    % \~ar~lb = placeholder for #
%    \~ar~pream := {\strut}     % holds the preamble for \halign
%    \~ar~next     := 0      
%    \~ar~first    := T                    
%    tfor \~ar~index := FORMAT 
%      do \~ar~prev := \~ar~next
%    
% %NOTE: \~ar~prev:  code of last read FORMAT character
% %        0 = l, r, or c
% %        1 = | or {...} [s-group]
% %        2 = s
%  
%         if \~ar~prev = 2
%           then \~ar~pream := \~ar~pream * $ eval[\~ar~index]$
%                \~ar~next     := 1
%           else \~ar~next := 0
%                \~ar~fval := 
%                     if \~ar~index = l
%                       then $ \~ar~lb$\hss
%                       else if \~ar~index = c
%                              then \hss$ \~ar~lb$\hss
%                              else if \~ar~index = r
%                                     then \hss$ \~ar~lb$
%                                     else null
%                     fi      fi    fi
%                case of \~ar~prev:
%                  0 -> if \~ar~fval = null
%                         then if \~ar~index = |
%                                then \~ar~pream := \~ar~pream * \~ar~rule
%                                     \~ar~next     := 1
%                                else \~ar~next := 2
%                              fi
%                         else \~ar~pream := \~ar~pream *           
%                                            if \~ar~first = T      
%                                               else \~ar~spacer * &
%                                            fi * \~ar~fval         
%                              \~ar~first :=L F      
%                       fi
%                  1 -> if \~ar~fval = null
%                         then if \~ar~index = |
%                                then \~ar~pream := \~ar~pream * \~ar~rule
%                                     \~ar~next     := 1
%                                else \~ar~next := 2
%                              fi
%                         else \~ar~pream := \~ar~pream *       
%                                            if \~ar~first = T  
%                                               else &          
%                                            fi * \~ar~fval     
%                              \~ar~first :=L F      
%                       fi                                               
%               end case
%         fi
%      od
%   %% NOTE: THE ACTUAL TEX CODE TO EFFECT THE NEXT THREE 
%   %% LINES IS THE BIGGEST PIECE OF KLUDGERY I HAVE EVER SEEN.
%   %% IT IS BASED UPON A HACK OBTAINED FROM KNUTH THAT I DON'T
%   %% UNDERSTAND IN THE LEAST.
%
%   \~ar~align == \halign{ eval[\~ar~pream]\cr  
%   \~ar~lb  == #
%   \~ar~align
%  END
%
% \~finisharray         == BEGIN \cr } \endgroup END
%
% \~beginarray{FORMAT}  == BEGIN \vcenter { \~startarray{FORMAT} END
%     
% \~endarray{FORMAT}    == BEGIN \~finisharray } END
%
% \~beginbarray{FORMAT} == BEGIN \vbox { \~startarray{FORMAT} END  %%}
%
% \~endbarray           == \~endarray
%
% \~begintarray{FORMAT} == BEGIN \vtop { \~startarray{FORMAT} END %%}
%
% \~endtarray           == \~endarray

\def\~beginarray#1{\vcenter\~leftbrace\~startarray{#1}}
\def\~endarray{\~finisharray\~rightbrace}
\def\~beginbarray#1{\vbox\~leftbrace\~startarray{#1}}
\let\~endbarray=\~endarray
\def\~begintarray#1{\vtop\~leftbrace\~startarray{#1}}
\let\~endtarray=\~endarray

\def\~finisharray{\cr\if01{\fi}\endgroup}
\def\~unbalanced{\halign{\span\if01}\fi} %% Knuth's hack
\def\~startarray#1{\begingroup\lineskip0pt\baselineskip0pt\let%
\~ar~lb=\relax\def\~ar~pream{\strut}\def%
\~ar~next{0}\def\~ar~first{T}\~tfor\~ar~index:=#1\do
   {\xdef\~ar~prev{\~ar~next}\if
    \~ar~prev2\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream$ \~ar~index$}\def%
\~ar~next{1}\else
     \def\~ar~next{0}\edef\~ar~fval
        {\if\~ar~index l$ \~ar~lb$\hss\else
          \if\~ar~index c\hss$ \~ar~lb$\hss\else
             \if\~ar~index r\hss$ \~ar~lb$\fi\fi\fi}\ifcase
        \~ar~prev\relax
        \ifx\~ar~fval\~empty
           \if\~ar~index |\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream
               \~ar~rule}\def\~ar~next{1}\else
               \def\~ar~next{2}\fi
         \else\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream \if\~ar~first T\else
               \~ar~spacer &\fi\~ar~fval}\def\~ar~first{F}\fi
      \or \ifx\~ar~fval\~empty
           \if\~ar~index |\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream
               \~ar~rule}\def\~ar~next{1}\else
               \def\~ar~next{2}\fi
          \else
             \edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream \if\~ar~first T\else&\fi\~ar~fval}\def%
\~ar~first{F}\fi
      \fi\fi}\tokens{\~unbalanced}\let\~if=\relax\let\~fi=\relax
      \let\~ifnum=\relax\xdef\~ar~align{\the\tokens%
\relax\~ifnum0=`{\~fi\~ar~pream\cr\~if01}\~fi}\let%
\~ar~lb=##\let\~if=\if\let\~fi=\fi\let\~ifnum=\ifnum\~ar~align}


% STYLE PARAMETERS FOR tabular ENVIRONMENT
%
% \~tb~spacer : analogous to \~ar~spacer
% \~tb~rule   : analogous to \~ar~rule
% \~tb~lrule  : to create [ rule. Should be same as \~tb~rule except
%               without the space to left of the rule
% \~tb~rrule  : to create ] rule.  Same as \~tb~rule without
%               space on left
%
% \~begintabular{FORMAT} == BEGIN \vbox { \~starttabular{FORMAT} END  
%
% \~endtabular          == BEGIN \~finishtabular } END
%
% \~starttabular{FORMAT} ==  
%    Identical to \~startarray except items not put in math mode,
%    \unskip added to remove effects of spaces, and the extra
%    format items [ and ] put in for leftmost and rightmost vert rules.
%    It is terminated by \~finisharray
%   
%
% \multispan{NUM}{FORMAT}{ELEMENT} ==
%
%   % When used in a tabular environment, combines  NUM  columns
%   % into one, replacing the environment's format for those columns
%   % with FORMAT, putting ELEMENT in that wider column.  There's
%   % an additional format character: - generates an \~tb~spacer
%   % space (the default inter-column space).  This command will
%   % produce a completely null row (of zero height) if used
%   % with an empty format.
%
%   % Note: In determining the ``columns'' of the tabular environent,
%   % the column break is right before a c,l or r.
%
% BEGIN
%   \omit
%   \count\~tmpcnt := NUM
%   \~spanloop
%   \~x~s := F              %  \~x~s = true if the next format element
%                           %  is an s-expression
%   
%   tfor \~x~a := FORMAT
%       do  if \~x~s = T
%             then \~x~a
%                  \~x~s := F
%             else  
%               if \~x~a = c
%                 then \strut\hss ELEMENT \unskip\hss
%                 else 
%                   if \~x~a = l
%                     then \strut\ignorespaces ELEMENT \unskip\hss
%                     else 
%                       if \~x~a = r
%                         then \strut\hss ELEMENT \unskip
%                         else 
%                           if \~x~a = -
%                             then \~tb~spacer
%                             else 
%                               if \~x~a = |
%                                 then \~tb~rule
%                                 else 
%                                   if \~x~a = [
%                                     then \~tb~lrule
%                                     else \~x~s := T
%                                       if \~x~a = ]
%                                         then \~tb~rrule
%                                         else \~x~s := T
%       od  fi  fi  fi  fi  fi  fi  fi  fi
% \ignorespaces
% END
%
% \~spanloop ==
%  BEGIN
%    while \count\~tmpcnt <> 1
%      do  \count\~tmpcnt := \count\~tmpcnt - 1
%          \span\omit
%      od
%  END
%                                          %%{
% \~finishtabular       == BEGIN \cr } END


\def\~begintabular#1{\vbox\~leftbrace\~starttabular{#1}}
\let\~endtabular=\~endarray

\def\~starttabular#1{\begingroup\lineskip0pt\baselineskip0pt\let%
\~ar~lb=\relax\def\~ar~pream{\strut}\def%
\~ar~next{0}\def\~ar~first{T}\~tfor\~ar~index:=#1\do
   {\edef\~ar~prev{\~ar~next}\if
    \~ar~prev2\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream\~ar~index}\def%
\~ar~next{1}\else
     \def\~ar~next{0}\edef\~ar~fval
        {\if\~ar~index l\~ar~lb\unskip\hss\else
          \if\~ar~index c\hss\~ar~lb\unskip\hss\else
             \if\~ar~index r\hss\~ar~lb\unskip\fi\fi\fi}\ifcase
        \~ar~prev\relax
        \ifx\~ar~fval\~empty
           \if\~ar~index |\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream
               \~tb~rule}\def\~ar~next{1}\else\if\~ar~index [\edef%
\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream\~tb~lrule}\else
                \if\~ar~index ]\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream\~tb~rrule}\else
                  \def\~ar~next{2}\fi\fi\fi
         \else\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream \if\~ar~first T\else
               \~tb~spacer &\fi\~ar~fval}\def\~ar~first{F}\fi
      \or \ifx\~ar~fval\~empty
           \if\~ar~index |\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream
               \~tb~rule}\def\~ar~next{1}\else\if\~ar~index [\edef%
\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream\~tb~lrule}\else
                \if\~ar~index ]\edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream\~tb~rrule}\else
                  \def\~ar~next{2}\fi\fi\fi
          \else
             \edef\~ar~pream{\~ar~pream \if\~ar~first T\else&\fi\~ar~fval}\def%
\~ar~first{F}\fi
      \fi\fi}\tokens{\~unbalanced}\let\~if=\relax\let\~fi=\relax
      \let\~ifnum=\relax\xdef\~ar~align{\the\tokens%
\relax\~ifnum0=`{\~fi\~ar~pream\cr\~if01}\~fi}\let%
\~ar~lb=##\let\~if=\if\let\~fi=\fi\let\~ifnum=\ifnum
      \let\~fi=\fi\~ar~align}


\def\~spanloop{\ifnum \count\~tmpcnt = 1 \let\~x~a=\relax\else\advcount\~tmpcnt
    by-1\def\~x~a{\span\omit\~spanloop}\fi\~x~a}

\def\multispan#1#2#3{\omit \setcount\~tmpcnt=#1 \~spanloop
\def\~x~s{F}\~tfor\~x~a:=#2\do
   {\if\~x~s T\~x~a\def\~x~s{F}\else
      \if\~x~a c\strut\hss #3\unskip\hss\else
        \if\~x~a l\strut\ignorespaces #3\unskip\hss\else
         \if\~x~a r\strut\hss #3\unskip\else
           \if\~x~a -\~tb~spacer\else
             \if\~x~a |\~tb~rule\else
              \if\~x~a [\~tb~lrule\else
               \if\~x~a ]\~tb~rrule \else
                 \def\~x~s{T}\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
   }\ignorespaces}


%       ****************************************
%       *            INDEX COMMANDS            *
%       ****************************************
%
% \makeindex ==
%   BEGIN
%    if \~tfilesw = T
%      then  open file \jobname.IDX as \~indexfile
%             \index{ITEM} ==
%                 BEGIN
%                    \~bsphack
%                    write of {\indexentry{ITEM}{page number}}
%                    \~esphack
%                 END
%    fi
%   END  
%
%  INITIALIZATION:
%
%  \index{ITEM} == BEGIN \~bsphack \~esphack END
%
\def\makeindex{\if\~tfilesw T\newwrite\~indexfile
\immediate\openout\~indexfile=\jobname.IDX
\def\index##1{\~bsphack\write\~indexfile{\string
     \indexentry{##1}{\~pagenumref}}\~esphack}\warning
{Index file \jobname.IDX }\fi}

\def\index#1{\~bsphack\~esphack}

\def\makeglossary{\if\~tfilesw T\newwrite\~glossaryfile
\immediate\openout\~glossaryfile=\jobname.GLO
\def\glossary##1{\~bsphack\write\~glossaryfile{\string
     \glossaryentry{##1}{\~pagenumref}}\~esphack}\warning
{Glossary file \jobname.GLO }\fi}

\def\glossary#1{\~bsphack\~esphack}



%       ****************************************
%       *         THE OUTPUT ROUTINE           *
%       ****************************************
%
% The following user commands are used to control page breaking.
%   \newpage   : normal way to end a page.  It \vfil's the unfinished
%                page or column to the top of the page, and can leave
%                a blank column in double column format.
%   \newcolumn : \vfil's the current column and moves to the next
%                one, going to the next page if it was the right
%                column.
%   \clearpage : does a \newpage, then if there are figures waiting
%                to be put on a page, it puts them out on a page
%                with no text.

%  PAGE LAYOUT PARAMETERS:
%  Note: booleans have value T or F
%
%   \~topmargin      : Extra space added to top of page.
%   \~twoside        : boolean.  T if two-sided printing
%   \~oddsidemargin  : IF \~twoside = T
%                         THEN extra space added to left of odd-numbered 
%                              pages.
%                         ELSE extra space added to left of all pages.
%   \~evensidemargin : IF \~twoside = T
%                         THEN extra space added to left of even-numbered 
%                              pages.
%   \~headheight     : height of head
%   \~headsep        : separation between head and text
%   \~footheight     : height of foot
%   \~footsep        : separation between text and foot
%   \textheight     : height of text on page, excluding head and foot
%   \textwidth      : width of printing on page
%   
%  PAGE STYLE PARAMETERS:
%
%   \~doublecolumn  : boolean.  T if two columns per page.             
%   \~columnsep     : IF \~doublecolumn = T                            
%                       THEN width of space between columns            
%   \~columnseprule : IF \~doublecolumn = T                            
%                       THEN width of rule between columns (0 if none).
%   \columnwidth   : IF \~doublecolumn = T 
%                       THEN (\textwidth - \~columnsep)/2
%                       ELSE \textwidth
%                     (SET BY THE \~makedoublecolumn AND
%                      \~makesinglecolumn COMMANDS)
%   \~oddhead        : IF \~twoside = T
%                           THEN macro to generate head of odd-numbered pages.
%                           ELSE macro to generate head of all pages.
%   \~evenhead       : IF \~twoside = T
%                           THEN macro to generate head of even-numbered pages.
%   \~oddfoot        : IF \~twoside = T
%                           THEN macro to generate foot of odd-numbered pages.
%                           ELSE macro to generate foot of all pages.
%   \~evenfoot       : IF \~twoside = T
%                           THEN macro to generate foot of even-numbered pages.
%   \~footnoteenvir  : sets up the environment within which a footnote is
%                      composed -- for example, might == \eightpoint.
%   \~footruleheight : height of rule separating footnotes from text.
%   \~footruleshift  : amount that the rule is shifted up from its ``natural''
%                      position just below the last line of the main text.
%                      It must be a nonnegative dimension.
%   \~footinsertskip : space between main text and footnotes.  The rule
%                      separating footnotes from text occurs in this space.
%   \~specialpage    : boolean.  T if current page is to have a special format.
%   \~specialstyle   : If its value is  foo then
%                      IF \~specialpage = T
%                        THEN the command \~ps~foo is executed to temporarily 
%                             reset the page style parameters before composing 
%                             the current page.  This command should execute 
%                             only \def's and \edef's, making only local 
%                             definitions.
%  
%  INSERTION BOXES:
%   \~footinsert : Contains accumulated footnotes.
%
%  MACROS:
% 
%  \clearpage ==
%   BEGIN
%     \~x~ecp := F
%     if  \~twoside T
%       then if  \count0 even
%              then  \thispagestyle{endchapter}
%                    \~x~ecp := T
%            fi
%     fi
%     \newpage
%     \~x~cdone := F
%     \begingroup                    % avoids a rule on a blank double
%        \~doublecolumn := F         % column page
%        while \~x~cdone = F
%          do if \~oldfig = \nextfig
%               then \~x~cdone := T
%               else  \hbox{}
%                     if  \~twoside T
%                       then if  \count0 even
%                              then  \~x~ecp := T
%                            fi
%                     fi
%                     if \~x~ecp = T
%                       then  \thispagestyle{endchapter}
%                     fi
%                     \newpage               
%             fi
%          od
%     \endgroup
%   END
%
%  \newpage ==
%   BEGIN
%     if \~doublecolumn = T
%       then \newcolumn
%            if \~firstcolumn = F
%              then  \hbox{}
%                    \newcolumn
%            fi
%       else  \par \vfil \eject
%     fi
%   END
%         
%  \newcolumn == \par \vfil \eject         
%
% \~makesinglecolumn ==
%   BEGIN  
%     \clearpage
%     \columnwidth      := \textwidth
%     \hsize             := \textwidth
%     \~doublecolumn     := F
%   END
%
% \~makedoublecolumn ==
%   BEGIN  
%     \clearpage
%     \columnwidth      := (\textwidth - \~columnsep)/2
%     \hsize             := \columnwidth
%     \~doublecolumn     := T
%     \~firstcolumn      := T
%   END
%
% \output == 
%   BEGIN
%     \catcode`\  := 10       %%make sure space is really a space
%     \~produceoutput := T
%     if \~doublecolumn = T
%       then if \~firstcolumn = T
%                   \~produceoutput     := F
%              then \~firstcolumn       := F
%                   \box\~leftcolumn    := 
%                     \hbox to \columnwidth
%                      {\vbox 
%                       {\unvbox255
%                        ifabsent \insert\~footinsert
%                          else  \vskip\~footinsertskip    
%                                \vskip -\~footruleshift
%                                \hrule height \~footruleheight 
%                                       width \columnwidth
%                                \vskip - \~footruleheight
%                                \vskip \~footruleshift
%                                \unvbox\~footinsert
%                         }}
%            fi
%     fi       
%     
%     if \~produceoutput = T
%       then 
%        \begingroup
%        if \~specialpage = T
%          then \~specialpage := F
%               execute \~ps~[eval(\~specialstyle)]  fi
%        \~x~done      := F
%        \~x~sep       := 0pt
%        \box\~topbox  := \vbox to 0pt{}
%        \~topsep      := 0pt
%        while \~x~done = F
%          do if \~lastfig = \~oldfig
%              then \~x~done := T
%              else \~topsep     := \~topinsertskip
%                   \box\~topbox := \vbox{\unvbox\~topbox
%                                         \vskip\~x~sep
%                                         \box\~oldfig}
%                   \~oldfig     := \~stepfig{\~oldfig}
%                   \~x~sep      := \~figsep
%             fi
%          od
%        if \~doublecolumn = T
%          then  \box\~rightcolumn    := 
%                     \hbox to \columnwidth
%                      {\vbox 
%                       {\unvbox255
%                        ifabsent \insert\~footinsert
%                          else \vskip\~footinsertskip    
%                               \vskip -\~footruleshift
%                               \hrule height \~footruleheight 
%                                      width \columnwidth
%                               \vskip - \~footruleheight
%                               \vskip \~footruleshift
%                               \unvbox\~footinsert
%                         }}
%            \dimen\~maxcolumnheight     := maximum(height(\box\~leftcolumn),
%                                          height(\box\~rightcolumn))
%            \~makepage{ \box\~topbox
%                        \vskip\~topsep
%                        \hbox to \textwidth
%                          {\vbox to \dimen\~maxcolumnheight
%                                     {\box\~leftcolumn \vss}
%                            \hbox to \~columnsep
%                              {\hss 
%                               \vrule height \dimen\~maxcolumnheight 
%                                      width  \~columnseprule
%                                \hss}
%                            \vbox to \dimen\~maxcolumnheight
%                                  {\box\~rightcolumn \vss}}
%                            \vss %% suppress over(under)full box messages
%                        }
%          else
%            \~makepage{ \box\~topbox
%                        \vskip\~topsep
%                        \unvbox255    
%                        if \box\~footinsert empty
%                          then
%                          else  \vskip\~footinsertskip    %stolen from Knuth
%                                \vskip -\~footruleshift
%                                \hrule height \~footruleheight 
%                                       width \textwidth
%                                \vskip - \~footruleheight
%                                \vskip \~footruleshift
%                                \unvbox \~footinsert
%            %%%%%%% add \vss here to suppress over(under)full box messages
%                       } 
%        fi
%   PUT OUT FULL PAGE FIGURES, IF ANY
%     \~x~done      := 0
%     while \~x~done = F
%       do if \~nextfig = \~oldfig
%           then \~x~done := T
%           else if  height of box \~oldfig = \textheight
%                  then begingroup 
%                         \~makepage{\box\~oldfig}
%                       endgroup 
%                       \~oldfig := \~stepfig{\~oldfig}
%                  else \~x~done := T
%                fi
%           fi
%       od
%
%   COMPUTE NEXT \vsize
%   FIGURES \~oldfig UP TO BUT NOT INCLUDING \~lastfig TO GO ON
%   NEXT PAGE
%     \dimen\~vsize := \textheight
%     \~x~done      := F
%     \~x~sep       := \~topinsertskip
%     \~lastfig     := \~oldfig
%     while \~xdone = F
%       do if \~nextfig = \~lastfig
%           then \~x~done := T
%           else \dimen\~tmpdim := \dimen\~vsize - height of box \~lastfig 
%                                           - depth of box \~lastfig - \~x~sep
%                if \dimen\~tmpdim > 0pt
%                  then \dimen\~vsize := \dimen\~tmpdim
%                       \~lastfig := \~stepfig{\~lastfig}
%                       \~x~sep  := \~figsep
%                  else \~x~done  := T
%                fi
%           fi
%       od
%     \vsize := \dimen\~vsize
%     \endgroup
%     \~firstcolumn := T
%
%    else \~firstcolumn := F
%   fi
%  END
%
% \~makepage{TEXT} ==
%   BEGIN
%     if \~twoside = T 
%       then if \count0 even
%               then \~oddhead       ==L \~evenhead
%                    \~oddfoot       ==L \~evenfoot
%                    \~oddsidemargin ==L \~evensidemargin  fi fi
%     \shipout\vbox
%       {\~mainsize        % set fonts size for head and foot
%        \baselineskip :=L \lineskip :=L 0pt   %cribbed from Knuth
%        \vbox to \~topmargin{}
%        \moveright\~oddsidemargin\vbox
%              { \vbox to \~headheight{\vfil 
%                                       \hbox to \textwidth
%                                          {\~beginnormal \~oddhead}}
%                \vskip \~headsep 
%               \vbox to \textheight {TEXT}
%             \vskip \~footsep
%             \vbox to \~footheight
%                { \vfil
%                  \hbox to \textwidth{\~beginnormal \~oddfoot}
%                 }
%              } 
%       }
%     \count0 := \count0 + 1
%     \~stepcounter{page}     %Primary purpose is to reset counters
%                             % that should start fresh with each page.
%   END
%
%   NOTE: This output routine has the property that the height of
%   a page (distance between top of head and bottom of foot) equals 
%   \textheight + \~footheight + \~footsep + \~headheight + \~headsep
%   + THE DEPTH OF THE MAIN TEXT BOX.  This extra term can be eliminated
%   by assembling the text part of the page (the \vbox to \textheight)
%   in a separate box before shipping it out, then adding a \vskip
%   to minus the depth of that box.  Since this extra term typically
%   amounts to less than two points, it doesn't seem worth the effort.


\~definecounter{page}   

\newdimen\~vsize
\newdimen\~maxcolumnheight

\newbox\~leftcolumn
\newbox\~rightcolumn
\newbox\~topbox

\newinsert\~footinsert   
\setcount\~footinsert   = 1000

\def\clearpage{\def\~x~ecp{F}\if\~twoside T\ifeven0\thispagestyle%
{endchapter}\def\~x~ecp{T}\fi\fi\newpage\def\~x~cdone{F}\begingroup
       \def\~doublecolumn{F}\~while \~x~cdone F\do
          {\ifnum \~oldfig = \~nextfig\relax\xdef\~x~cdone{T}\else 
              \hbox{}\if\~twoside T\ifeven0\def\~x~ecp{T}\fi\fi
               \if\~x~ecp T\thispagestyle{endchapter}\fi
               \newpage\fi}\endgroup}

\def\newpage{\if\~doublecolumn T\newcolumn
                \if\~firstcolumn F\hbox{}\newcolumn\fi
             \else\par\vfil\eject\fi}

\def\newcolumn{\par\vfil\eject}

\def\~makesinglecolumn{\clearpage\xdef\columnwidth{\textwidth}
      \hsize\textwidth
      \gdef\~doublecolumn{F}}

\def\~makedoublecolumn{\clearpage\setdimen\~tmpdim=\textwidth
      \advdimen\~tmpdim by -\~columnsep\divdimen\~tmpdim by 2
      \xdef\columnwidth{\the\dimen\~tmpdim}\hsize\columnwidth
      \gdef\~doublecolumn{T}\gdef\~firstcolumn{T}}

\output{\catcode`\ =10\relax\def\~produceoutput{T}\if 
         \~doublecolumn T\if
            \~firstcolumn T\gdef%
\~firstcolumn{F}\def\~produceoutput{F}\global%
\setbox\~leftcolumn=\hbox to \columnwidth
              {\vbox{\unvbox255\ifabsent\~footinsert\else
              \vskip\~footinsertskip\vskip -\~footruleshift
              \hrule height \~footruleheight width \columnwidth
              \vskip - \~footruleheight\vskip \~footruleshift
              \unvbox\~footinsert\fi}}\fi\fi
         \if\~produceoutput T\begingroup
            \if\~specialpage T\gdef\~specialpage{F}\csname
                ~ps~\~specialstyle\endcsname\fi 
            \def\~x~done{F}\def\~x~sep{0pt}\setbox\~topbox
            =\vbox to 0pt{}\def\~topsep{0pt}\~while
            \~x~done F\do
               {\ifnum \~lastfig=\~oldfig
                  \relax\gdef\~x~done{T}\else
                  \gdef\~topsep{\~topinsertskip}\global\setbox\~topbox
                  =\vbox{\unvbox\~topbox \vskip\~x~sep\box\~oldfig}\~stepfig
                  \~oldfig\gdef\~x~sep{\~figsep}\fi}\if
            \~doublecolumn T\setbox\~rightcolumn
                =\hbox to \columnwidth
                   {\vbox{\unvbox255
                     \ifabsent\~footinsert\else
                        \vskip\~footinsertskip\vskip -\~footruleshift
                        \hrule height \~footruleheight width \columnwidth
                        \vskip - \~footruleheight\vskip \~footruleshift
                        \unvbox\~footinsert\fi
                     }}\ifdim 1ht\~leftcolumn > 1ht\~rightcolumn
                \setdimen\~maxcolumnheight=1ht\~leftcolumn
                    \else\setdimen\~maxcolumnheight=1ht\~rightcolumn\fi
               \~makepage{\box\~topbox\vskip\~topsep
                   \hbox to \textwidth
                    {\vbox to \dimen\~maxcolumnheight
                          {\box\~leftcolumn\vss}\hbox 
                       to \~columnsep 
                            {\hss \vrule height \dimen\~maxcolumnheight
                                         width \~columnseprule \hss}\vbox
                     to \dimen\~maxcolumnheight{\box\~rightcolumn\vss}}\vss
                }\else %singlecolumn
             \~makepage{\box\~topbox\vskip\~topsep
                        \unvbox255
                        \ifabsent\~footinsert\else
                            \vss
                            \vskip\~footinsertskip
                            \vskip -\~footruleshift
                            \hrule height \~footruleheight width \textwidth
                            \vskip -\~footruleheight 
                            \vskip\~footruleshift
                            \unvbox\~footinsert\fi}\fi
        \def\~x~done{F}\~while\~x~done F\do
            {\ifnum\~nextfig=\~oldfig\relax
                \def\~x~done{T}\else
                \ifdim 1ht\~oldfig = \textheight
                    {\~makepage
                     {\box\~oldfig}}\~stepfig{\~oldfig}\else
                    \def\~x~done{T}\fi
             \fi}\global\setdimen\~vsize=\textheight
        \def\~x~done{F}
        \xdef\~x~sep{\~topinsertskipdim}
        \xdef\~lastfig{\~oldfig}
        \~while\~x~done F\do
            {\ifnum\~nextfig=\~lastfig\relax
                \def\~x~done{T}\else
                \setdimen\~tmpdim=\dimen\~vsize
                \advdimen\~tmpdim by -1ht\~lastfig
                \advdimen\~tmpdim by -1dp\~lastfig
                \advdimen\~tmpdim by -\~x~sep
                \ifdim \dimen\~tmpdim >0pt
                   \global\setdimen\~vsize=\dimen\~tmpdim
                     \~stepfig\~lastfig
                     \xdef\~x~sep{\~figsep}\else
                   \def\~x~done{T}\fi
             \fi
            }\global\vsize\dimen\~vsize
            \endgroup\gdef\~firstcolumn{T}\else \gdef\~firstcolumn{F}\fi} 



\def\~makepage#1{\if\~twoside T\ifeven 0
         \let\~oddhead=\~evenhead\let\~oddfoot=\~evenfoot\let%
\~oddsidemargin=\~evensidemargin\fi\fi\shipout\vbox
         {\~mainsize
         \baselineskip 0pt\lineskip 0pt\vbox to \~topmargin{}\moveright
         \~oddsidemargin\vbox{\vbox to \~headheight{\vfil\hbox to \textwidth
         {\~beginnormal\~oddhead}}\vskip
         \~headsep\vbox to \textheight{#1}\vskip
         \~footsep\vbox to \~footheight 
         {\vfil\hbox to \textwidth{\~beginnormal\~oddfoot}}}}\global
         \advcount0 by 1 \~stepcounter{page}}


%      ****************************************
%      *            BIBLIOGRAPHY              *
%      ****************************************
%
%  A bibliography is created by the bibliography environment, which 
%  generates a title such as ``References'', and a list of entries.  
%  The PRETEX program will create a file containing such an environment,
%  which will be read in by the \bibliography command.
% 
%  The bibliography environment is a list environment.  Instead
%  of using \item and \labelitem, items in the bibliography are 
%  produced by the following commands:
%    \bibitem{NAME}             : Produces a numbered entry cited as NAME.
%    \biblabelitem{LABEL}{NAME} : Produces an entry labeled by LABEL and 
%                                 cited by NAME.
%  \bibitem is used for bibliographies with citations like [1], [2], etc.,
%  and \biblabelitem is used for citations like [Knuth82].  
%
%  The \begin{bibliography} command has a single argument, which specifies
%  the label width -- it is used as the argument for a \labelwidthof
%  command.
%
%  The \~beginbibliography command needs to be defined for separately for each
%  document style.
%
%  Entries are cited by the command \cite{NAME}.
%
%  PARAMETERS
%   \~bibtitle      : The Title of the bibliography
%   \~bibnumcite    : A macro such that \~bibnumcite produces the output
%                     for \cite{FOO} when entry FOO is defined by
%                     \bibitem{FOO}.  It is written as if it were
%                     the first argument for a list environment --
%                     e.g., \~bibnumcite == [\arabic] to produce
%                     citations like [1], [2], etc.
%   \~biblabelcite  : A macro such that \~biblabelcite{LABEL} produces the
%                     output for the \cite{FOO} command, where entry FOO is
%                     defined by \biblabelitem{LABEL}{FOO}.
%   \~bibitems      : The bibliography macro is a list environment.  
%                     \~bibitems is the first (LABELING) argument for that
%                     list environment, so it controls how \bibitem entries
%                     are numbered.
%   \~biblabel      : A macro to produce the label in the bibliography
%                     entry.  For \biblabelitem{LABEL}{NAME}, the label is 
%                     generated by \~biblabel{NAME}.  
%              
%  CONVENTION
%
%  The output for \cite{foo} is saved as \~bc~foo.
%
\def\bibitem#1{\item\if\~afilesw T\immediate\write\~auxout
       {\string\namegdef{~bc~#1}{\~bibnumcite}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\def\biblabelitem#1#2{\labelitem{\~biblabel{#1}}\if
       \~afilesw T\immediate\write\~auxout
       {\string\namegdef{~bc~#2}{\~biblabelcite{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\def\cite#1{\~ifundefined{~bc~#1}{\bf \~biblabelcite{?}}\ifnum 
       \count\~undefined<\~maxmsgs\relax\warning
           {Citation #1 on page \the\count0 \space 
            undefined.}\advcount
            \~undefined by 1\fi
       \else \csname ~bc~#1\endcsname\fi{}}
\let\~endbibliography=\~endlist


%     ****************************************
%     *             DEBUGGING                *
%     ****************************************
%
%  \~showoutput  causes the output to appear on the screen and
%  in the .LOG file.
%
\def\~showoutput{\tracingonline1\tracingoutput1
    \showboxbreadth99999\showboxdepth99999\errorstopmode}


%     ****************************************
%     *           INITIALIZATIONS            *
%     ****************************************
%
\def\~specialpage{F}
\def\~specialstyle{\errmessage{LATEX ERROR: 
       There's something wrong with this document style}}
\def\~doublecolumn{F}
\tracingstats1   % Show how much stuff TeX has used

% The following obscure code is needed because some environments
% (the ``nofill'' environments) locally \catcode space to 13 and
% define it to be \space.  Any nonimmediate \write that was issued in such
% an environment with a space will cause a space with \catcode
% 13 to be processed at some later time.  This insures that it
% will have the correct definition at that time.

{\catcode`\ =13\global\let =\space}