%^^A Mutter mutter mumble xpt3
%
% \iffalse (this is a meta-comment (so they say))
% Copyright (C) 1995,1996 The TeX Users Goup
% \fi
%
% \section{Document preambles}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<ltugboatcls|ltugproccls|ltugcomn>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1994/12/01]
%<*dtx>
\ProvidesFile                 {tugboat.dtx}
%</dtx>
%<ltugboatcls>\ProvidesClass  {ltugboat}
%<ltugproccls>\ProvidesClass  {ltugproc}
%<ltugboatsty>\ProvidesPackage{ltugboat}
%<ltugprocsty>\ProvidesPackage{ltugproc}
%<ltugcomn>   \ProvidesPackage{ltugcomn}
%<*!tugbib>
                   [1997/05/05 v1.4f
%</!tugbib>
%<ltugboatcls>                       TUGboat journal class%
%<ltugproccls>                       TUG conference proceedings class%
%<ltugboatsty|ltugprocsty>           TUG compatibility package%
%<ltugcomn>                          TUGboat `common macros' package%
%<*dtx>
                                     TUG macros source file%
%</dtx>
%<*!tugbib>
                   ]
%</!tugbib>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% ^^A behold, a horrible hack...
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*dtx>
\newif\ifoldlongtable
%</dtx>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \iffalse
%
% RCS identification of this file (lest I fail to update the above ;-)
%
% $Id: tugboat.dtx,v 1.23 1997/04/16 12:46:57 rf Exp rf $
%
% Note that the RCS version relates to the number of times the file
% has been checked-in, which relates to a development process taking
% place on several machines, rather than the incidence of significant
% change; the definitive version number is that in the \Provides*
% things, while the RCS Id may provide a clue as to the latest date
% the documentation was worked on
%
% Code to compile the thing using LaTeX2e
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
%
\usepackage{ltugcomn} % generated using the .ins file
%
\usepackage{array,longtable}
%
% if longtable.sty is the most recent, then it doesn't need
% \cs{setlongtables}, so we avoid the setlong.tab game
\GetFileInfo{longtable.sty}
\def\extractdate#1/#2/#3\relax{\def\fileyear{#1}%
  \def\filemonth{#2}%
  \def\fileday{#3}}
\expandafter\extractdate\filedate\relax
\expandafter\ifnum\fileyear>1996\relax
  \oldlongtablefalse
\else
  \oldlongtabletrue
  \expandafter\ifnum\fileyear=1996\relax
    \expandafter\ifnum\filemonth>5\relax
      \oldlongtablefalse
    \else
      \expandafter\ifnum\filemonth=5\relax
        \expandafter\ifnum\fileday>23\relax
          \oldlongtablefalse
        \fi
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
\fi
\ifoldlongtable
  \InputIfFileExists{setlong.tab}{}% if this file exists, it should
%                                  % contain (only) \setlongtables
    {\typeout{*** create a file `setlong.tab' containing only}
     \typeout{***\space\space\space\string\setlongtables}
     \typeout{*** to get the tables of commands, etc., lined up}}
\fi
%
\begin{document}
 \GetFileInfo{tugboat.dtx}
 \title{The \textsf{tugboat} package\thanks{This file
        has version number \fileversion, last
        revised \filedate}}
    \author{edited by Sebastian Rahtz\\\small\texttt{spqr@tex.ac.uk}\\
      and Robin Fairbairns\\\small\texttt{rf@cl.cam.ac.uk}\\
      with contributions by Barbara Beeton\\\small\texttt{bnb@ams.org}}
 \date{\filedate}
 \maketitle
 \tableofcontents
 \DocInput{tugboat.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \fi
% \CheckSum{4235}
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
% This file contains all the macros for typesetting \TUB{} with
% both plain \TeX\ and \LaTeXe.
% \subsection{Summary of control sequences}
% 
% Abbreviations.  Just a listing with indications of expansion where
% that may not be obvious.  For full definitions, see real code below
% (Section~\ref{abbr-logo}).
% 
% \begin{longtable}{ll}
% \hline
% |\AllTeX|&        (\La)\TeX\\
% |\AMS|&           American Mathematical Society\\
% |\AmSTeX|&\\
% |\aw|&            \aw\ (abbreviation for Addison-Wesley)\\
% |\AW|&            Addison-Wesley\\
% |\BibTeX|&\\
% |\CandT|&         Computers \& Typesetting\\
% |\DTD|&\\
% |\DVItoVDU|&      DVItoVDU\\
% |\eTeX|&          \eTeX\\
% |\HTML|&\\
% |\ISBN|&          ISBN\\
% |\ISSN|&          ISSN\\
% |\JTeX|&\\
% |\JoT|&           The Joy of \TeX\\
% |\LaTeX|&\\
% |\Mc|&            M with raised c\\
% |\MF|&            \MF\\
% |\mf|&            \textsc{Metafont}\\
% |\MFB|&           The Metafont book\\
% |\MP|&            \MP\\
% |\mp|&            MetaPost\\
% &                 (in text only: remains `\ensuremath{\mp}' in maths)\\
% |\OMEGA|&         Omega `logo' (\ensuremath{\Omega})\\
% |\OTP|&           Omega translation process\\
% |\mtex|&          multilingual \TeX\\
% |\NTS|&           New Typesetting System\\
% |\pcMF|&          pcMF\\
% |\PCTeX|&\\
% |\pcTeX|&\\
% |\Pas|&           Pascal\\
% |\PiCTeX|&\\
% |\plain|&         plain (in typewriter font)\\
% |\POBox|&         P. O. Box\\
% |\POBoxTUG|&      TUG PO Box\\
% |\PS|&            PostScript\\
% |\SC|&            Steering Committee\\
% |\SGML|&          SGML\\
% |\SliTeX|&\\
% |\slMF|&          Metafont (slanted)\\
% |\stTeX|&         \TeX{} for the Atari ST\\
% |\TANGLE|&\\
% |\TB|&            The \TeX book\\
% |\TeX|&           (Although nearly every package defines this,\\
% &                 most, including plain(!)\ are missing the\\
% &                 spacefactor adjustment)\\
% |\TeXhax|&\\
% |\TeXMaG|&        (defunct)\\
% |\TeXtures|&\\
% |\TeXXeT|&\\
% |\TUB|&           \TUB\\
% |\TUG|&           \TeX{} Users Group\\
% |\UNIX|&\\
% |\VAX|&\\
% |\VorTeX|&\\
% |\XeT|&\\
% |\WEB|&\\
% |\WEAVE|&\\
% \hline
% \end{longtable}
%
% Macros for things that are slightly more significant.
%
% \begin{longtable}{lp{.6\textwidth}}
% |\NoBlackBoxes|&   turns off marginal rules marking overfull boxes\\
% |\BlackBoxes|&  turns them back on\\
% |\newline|&    horizontal glue plus a break\\
% |\ifundefined#1|&   checks argument with |\csname| against |\relax|\\
% |\topsmash|&   smashes above baseline (from AMSTeX)\\
% |\botsmash|&   smashes below baseline (from AMSTeX)\\
% |\smash|&   smashes both  (from plain)\\
% |\ulap|&   lap upwards\\
% |\dlap|&   lap downwards\\
% |\xlap|&   reference point at center horizontally; 0 width\\
% |\ylap|&   reference point at center vertically; 0 height, depth\\
% |\zlap|&   combination |\xlap| and |\ylap|\\
% |\basezero|&   to avoid insertion of baselineskip and lineskip glue\\
% |\nullhrule|&   empty |\hrule|\\
% |\nullvrule|&   empty |\vrule|\\
% |\makestrut[#1;#2]|& ad hoc struts; |#1|=height, |#2|=depth\\
% |\today|&   today's date\\
% |\SetTime|&    converts |\time| to hours, minutes\\
% |\now|&    displays time in hours and minutes\\
% |\Now|&    shows current date and time\\
% |\ifPrelimDraft|&   flag to indicate status as preliminary draft\\
% |\rtitlex|&    \TUB{} volume and number info for running head\\
% |\midrtitle|&   information for center of running head\\
% |\HorzR@gisterRule|& pieces of registration marks (`trimmarks')\\
% |\DownShortR@gisterRule|&\\
% |\UpShortR@gisterRule|&\\
% |\ttopregister|&   top registration line with `T' in center\\
% |\tbotregister|&   bottom registration line with inverted `T' in center\\
% |\topregister|&  register actually used\\
% |\botregister|&\\
% |\raggedskip|&  parameters used for ragged settings\\
% |\raggedstretch|&\\
% |\raggedparfill|&\\
% |\raggedspaces|&\\
% |\raggedright|&\\
% |\raggedleft|&\\
% |\raggedcenter|&\\
% |\normalspaces|&\\
% |\raggedbottom|&\\
% |\bull|&       square bullet\\
% |\cents|&      `cents' sign\\
% |\Dag|&        superscripted dagger\\
% |\careof|&     c/o\\
% |\sfrac|&      slashed fraction (arguments optionally\\
% &              separated by a slash)\\
% |\cs|&         control seqence name\\
% |\dash|&       en-dash surrounded by thinspaces; only breakable AFTER\\
% |\Dash|&       em-dash, as above\\
% |\hyph|&       permit automatic hyphenation after an actual hyphen\\
% |\slash|&      `breakable' slash\\
% |\nth|&        for obtaining `1\textsuperscript{st}',
%                `2\textsuperscript{nd}', 3\textsuperscript{rd},
%                etc.\\
% |\tubissue|&   gets |\TUB| followed by volume and issue numbers\\
% |\xEdNote|&    Editor's Note:\\
% |\Review:|&    Review: (for title of book review article)\\
% |\reviewitem|& begin data for item being reviewed\\
% |\revauth|&    with one argument, author(s) of item being reviewed\\
% |\revtitle|&   with one argument, title of \ldots \\
% |\revpubinfo|& with one argument, other info pertaining to \ldots \\
% |\endreviewitem|& end data for item being reviewed\\
% |\booktitle|&  with one argument, format book title in text\\
% |\Input|&      |\input| with some other bookkeeping for 
%                case where multiple articles are put together\\
% |\TBremark|&   reminder to \TUB{} editorial staff\\
% |\TBEnableRemarks|& enable \cs{TBremark}s (normally suppressed)\\
% |\pagexref|&   used to write out page numbers to screen and\\
% |\pagexrefON|& external files\\
% |\pagexrefOFF|&\\
% |\xrefto|&     used for symbolic cross-reference to other pages\\
% |\xreftoON|&   in \TUB{}\\
% |\xreftoOFF|&\\
% |\TBdriver|&   marks code which only takes effect when articles
%               are run together in a driver file\\
% \iffalse % these two were defined but never used! -- remove them
%          % from the documentation, at least (further research needed)
% |\signatureat|&  \\
% |\signaturepercent|&\\
% \fi
% |\signaturemark|& items for signatures\\
% |\signaturewidth|&\\
% \end{longtable}
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% \section{\LaTeXe{} \TUB{} class file}
%
% \subsection{Setup and options}
%
% Check for reloading.  Hmmm\dots  Does this happen with \LaTeXe
% classes?  Probably, in fact, as well that it doesn't, since the
% \cs{tugstyinit} referenced here doesn't exist; however, it's
% possible that we might need a similar mechanism in the future, so we
% retain its skeleton, without fleshing out the \cs{tugstyinit} bones.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*ltugboatcls>
\csname tugstyloaded@\endcsname
\def\tugstyloaded@{\tugstyinit\endinput}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Acquire a name for this class if we don't already have one (by
% virtue of having been loaded by |tugproc.cls|).  This name will be
% used in error messages and the like.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\@tugclass}{ltugboat}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Warnings/error messages/information messages~--- if we're using
% \LaTeXe{} we can use the \cs{Class*} commands:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<latex2e>\def\TBInfo{\ClassInfo{\@tugclass}}
%<latex2e>\def\TBError{\ClassError{\@tugclass}}
%<latex2e>\def\TBWarning{\ClassWarning{\@tugclass}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Some trivial options, just flicking switches, etc.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifpreprint
\def\preprint{\preprinttrue}
\DeclareOption{draft}{%
  \AtEndOfClass{%
    \setcounter{page}{1001}%
    \BlackBoxes
    \def\MakeRegistrationMarks{}%
    \PrelimDrafttrue
    }%
}
\DeclareOption{preprint}{%
   \preprinttrue
}
\DeclareOption{final}{%
  \AtEndOfClass{%
    \UseTrimMarks
    \NoBlackBoxes
    \PrelimDraftFalse
    }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The rules dictate that the output should be set using a 10pt base
% font.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{11pt}{%
  \TBWarning{The \@tugclass\space class only supports 10pt fonts:
    \MessageBreak option \CurrentOption\space ignored}%
}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\csname ds@11pt\endcsname}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Similarly, ignore one/two-side/column
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{oneside}{Option \CurrentOption\space ignored}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\ds@oneside}
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\ds@oneside}
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\ds@oneside}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% There are these people who seem to think |tugproc| is an option rather
% than a class\dots{}  (Note that it's already been filtered out if we
% were calling from |ltugproc|.)
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{tugproc}{%
  \TBWarning{Option \CurrentOption\space ignored: use class ltugproc
    instead of \@tugclass}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Option |rawcite| (the default) specifies the default citation
% mechanism (as built-in to \LaTeX); option |harvardcite| specifies
% the author-date citation mechanism defined in
% section~\ref{sec:citations} below.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{rawcite}{\let\if@Harvardcite\iffalse}
\DeclareOption{harvardcite}{\let\if@Harvardcite\iftrue}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% The section-numbering style, so that we can allow the same heading
% layout as in the plain macros.
% \changes{v1.4a}{1996/09/14}{Added nonumber and numbersec (default)
% options}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{numbersec}{\let\if@numbersec\iftrue}
\DeclareOption{nonumber}{\let\if@numbersec\iffalse}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Any other options, we pass on to |article.cls| before we load it:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Request default options (draft mode, standard citation, double-sided
% printing), process all options, and then get the base document class
% on top of which we reside.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ExecuteOptions{draft,numbersec,rawcite}
\ProcessOptions
\LoadClass[twoside]{article}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Various fonts used throughout.  Some effort has been made to
% suppress these things with explicit sizes in the macro name
% (\cs{tensl} is an example below), but keeping in step with the
% documentation is one thing that restricts such a move.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\sectitlefont{\fontfamily\sfdefault\fontseries{bx}\fontshape{n}%
         \fontsize\@xviipt\stbaselineskip\selectfont}
\def\tensl{\fontseries{m}\fontshape{sl}\fontsize\@xpt\@xiipt
          \selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% This font selection command is used \emph{only} for the `Editor's
% Note' introduction to notes; sadly it makes explicit reference to
% \textsc{cmr}, and Barbara Beeton has agreed that the reference may be
% constructed to use the current family such that, if no upright
% italic is defined, ordinary italics are used.  A project for
% later\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\EdNoteFont{\fontfamily{cmr}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{ui}%
          \fontsize\@xpt\@xiipt\selectfont}
%</ltugboatcls>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% If Ulrik Vieth's |mflogo.sty| is around, we'll use it.  Otherwise
% (pro tem, at least) we'll warn the user and define the absolute
% minimum of machinery that \TUB{} requires (that which was used
% prior to the invention of \LaTeXe).
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*common>
\IfFileExists{mflogo.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{mflogo}}%
%<!ltugcomn> {\TBWarning
%<ltugcomn>  {\PackageWarning{ltugcomn}
     {Package mflogo.sty not available --\MessageBreak
       Proceeding to emulate mflogo.sty}
   \DeclareRobustCommand\logofamily{%
     \not@math@alphabet\logofamily\relax
     \fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{logo}\selectfont}
   \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textlogo}{\logofamily}
   \def\MF{\textlogo{META}\-\textlogo{FONT}\@}
   \def\MP{\textlogo{META}\-\textlogo{POST}\@}
   \DeclareFontFamily{U}{logo}{}
   \DeclareFontShape{U}{logo}{m}{n}{%
     <8><9>gen*logo%
     <10><10.95><12><14.4><17.28><20.74><24.88>logo10%
   }{}
   \DeclareFontShape{U}{logo}{m}{sl}{%
     <8><9>gen*logosl%
     <10><10.95><12><14.4><17.28><20.74><24.88>logosl10%
   }{}
   \DeclareFontShape{U}{logo}{m}{it}{%
     <->ssub*logo/m/sl%
   }{}%
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Helpful shorthand (common code with Plain styles)}
%
% \cs{makeescape}, \dots, \cs{makecomment} allow users to change the
% category code of a single character a little more easily.  These
% require that the character be addressed as a control sequence:
% e.g., |\makeescape\/| will make `|/|' an escape character.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!latex>
\def\makeescape#1{\catcode`#1=0 }
\def\makebgroup#1{\catcode`#1=1 }
\def\makeegroup#1{\catcode`#1=2 }
\def\makemath  #1{\catcode`#1=3 }
%</!latex>
%<*latex>
\def\makeescape#1{\catcode`#1=\z@}
\def\makebgroup#1{\catcode`#1=\@ne}
\def\makeegroup#1{\catcode`#1=\tw@}
\def\makemath  #1{\catcode`#1=\thr@@}
%</latex>
\def\makealign #1{\catcode`#1=4 }
\def\makeeol   #1{\catcode`#1=5 }
\def\makeparm  #1{\catcode`#1=6 }
\def\makesup   #1{\catcode`#1=7 }
\def\makesub   #1{\catcode`#1=8 }
\def\makeignore#1{\catcode`#1=9 }
\def\makespace #1{\catcode`#1=10 }
\def\makeletter#1{\catcode`#1=11 }
\chardef\other=12
%<*!latex>
\def\makeother #1{\catcode`#1=\other}
%</!latex>
%<*latex>
\let\makeother\@makeother
%</latex>
\def\makeactive#1{\catcode`#1=13 }
\def\makecomment#1{\catcode`#1=14 }
%<*!latex>
\def\makeatletter{\makeletter\@}
\def\makeatother {\makeother\@}
%</!latex>
%    \end{macrocode}
% |\savecat#1| and |\restorecat#1| will save and restore the category
% of a given character.  These are useful in cases where one doesn't
% wish to localize the settings and therefore be required to globally
% define or set things.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\savecat#1{%
  \expandafter\xdef\csname\string#1savedcat\endcsname{\the\catcode`#1}}
\def\restorecat#1{\catcode`#1=\csname\string#1savedcat\endcsname}
%<!latex>\savecat\@
%<!latex>\makeletter\@
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% |\SaveCS#1| and |\RestoreCS#1| save and restore `meanings' of control
% sequences.  Again this is useful in cases where one doesn't want to
% localize or where global definitions clobber a control sequence which
% is needed later with its `old' definition.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\SaveCS#1{\expandafter\let\csname saved@@#1\expandafter\endcsname
  \csname#1\endcsname}
\def\RestoreCS#1{\expandafter\let\csname#1\expandafter\endcsname
  \csname saved@@#1\endcsname}
%    \end{macrocode}
% To distinguish between macro files loaded
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\plaintubstyle{plain}
\def\latextubstyle{latex}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Control sequences that were first defined in \LaTeXe{} of
% 1995/06/01 (or later), but which we merrily use.  Only define if
% necessary:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*latex2e>
\providecommand\hb@xt@{\hbox to}
\providecommand\textsuperscript[1]{\ensuremath{\m@th
                                     ^{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@
                                         \selectfont #1}}}}
%</latex2e>
%<!latex2e>\def\hb@xt@{\hbox to}
%    \end{macrocode}
% (Note that that definition of \cs{textsuperscript} isn't robust, but
% probably doesn't need to be\dots  What's more, it doesn't appear in
% the mythical 2.09 version of the package.)
%
% \subsection{Abbreviations and logos}
% \label{abbr-logo}
%
% Font used for the METAFONT logo, etc.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex2e>\font\manual=logo10 
\def\AllTeX{(\La\kern-.075em)\kern-.075em\TeX}
\def\AMS{American Mathematical Society}
%<!latex2e>\def\AmS{{\the\textfont2 A}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox
%<!latex2e>        {\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em{\the\textfont2 S}}
%<latex2e>\def\AmS{$\mathcal{A}$\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox
%<latex2e>    {$\mathcal{M}$}\kern-.125em$\mathcal{S}$}
\def\AmSLaTeX{\AmS-\LaTeX}
\def\AmSTeX{\AmS-\TeX}
\def\aw{A\kern.1em-W}
\def\AW{Addison\kern.1em-\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip Wesley}
%<!latex2e>\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\smc i\kern-.025emb}\kern-.08em\TeX}}
%<latex2e>\def\BibTeX{\textsc{Bib}\kern-.08em\TeX}
%<!latex2e>\def\CandT{{\sl Computers \& Typesetting}}
%<latex2e>\def\CandT{\textsl{Computers \& Typesetting}}
\def\CTAN{\acro{CTAN}}
\def\DTD{\acro{DTD}}
\def\DVItoVDU{DVIto\kern-.12em VDU}
%<latex2e>\DeclareRobustCommand\eTeX{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}-\kern-.125em\TeX}
%<!latex2e>\def\eTeX{{$\varepsilon$}-\kern-.125em\TeX}
\def\HTML{\acro{HTML}}
\def\ISBN{\acro{ISBN}}
\def\ISSN{\acro{ISSN}}
\def\JTeX{\leavevmode\hbox{\lower.5ex\hbox{J}\kern-.18em\TeX}}
%<!latex2e>\def\JoT{{\sl The Joy of \TeX}}
%<latex2e>\def\JoT{\textsl{The Joy of \TeX}}
%<*!latex2e>
\def\LAMSTeX{L\raise.42ex\hbox{\kern-.3em\the\scriptfont2 A}%
    \kern-.2em\lower.376ex\hbox{\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em
    {\the\textfont2 S}-\TeX}
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
\def\LAMSTeX{L\raise.42ex\hbox{\kern-.3em
                   $\m@th$\fontsize\sf@size\z@\selectfont
                   $\m@th\mathcal{A}$}%
    \kern-.2em\lower.376ex\hbox{$\m@th\mathcal{M}$}\kern-.125em
    {$\m@th\mathcal{S}$}-\TeX}
%</latex2e>
%<!latex2e>\def\La{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
%<!latex2e>        \hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% With the facilities of \LaTeXe, we can do rather better.  This code
% is hacked from its definition of \cs{LaTeX}; it allows slants (for
% example) to propagate into the raised (small) `A':
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*latex2e>
\newcommand{\La}%
   {L\kern-.36em
        {\setbox0\hbox{T}%
         \vbox to\ht0{\hbox{$\m@th$%
                            \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
                            \fontsize\sf@size\z@
                            \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
                            A}%
                      \vss}%
        }}
%</latex2e>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% We started with the intention that we wouldn't redefine \cs{LaTeX}
% when we're running under it, so as not to trample on an existing
% definition.  However, this proves less than satisfactory; a single
% logo may be OK for the run of documents, but for \TUB{}, we find
% that something noticeably better is necessary; see section
% \ref{sec:latex-logo}.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex>\def\LaTeX{\La\kern-.15em\TeX}
\def\Mc{\setbox\TestBox=\hbox{M}M\vbox
   to\ht\TestBox{\hbox{c}\vfil}} %  for Robert McGaffey
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If we're running under \LaTeXe, we're using (at least pro tem) Ulrik
% Vieth's |mflogo.sty| if it's present.  Otherwise, we're using a
% short extract of Vieth's stuff.  Either way, we don't need to
% specify \cs{MF} or \cs{MP}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex2e>\def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}\@}
%<!latex2e>\def\mf{{\smc Metafont}}
%<latex2e>\def\mf{\textsc{Metafont}}
%<!latex2e>\def\MFB{{\sl The \slMF book}}
%<latex2e>\def\MFB{\textsl{The \MF book}}
%<!latex2e>\def\MP{{\manual META}\-{\manual POST}\@}
%<*latex2e>
\let\TB@@mp\mp
\DeclareRobustCommand\mp{\ifmmode\TB@@mp\else MetaPost\fi}
%</latex2e>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% In order that the \cs{OMEGA} command will switch to using the TS1
% variant of the capital Omega character if \texttt{textcomp.sty} is
% loaded, we define it in terms of the \cs{textohm} command.  Note
% that this requires us to interpose a level of indirection, rather
% than to use \cs{let}\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*latex2e>
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textohm}{OT1}{'012}
\DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\textohm}{OT1}
\newcommand\OMEGA{\textohm}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\OTP}{\OMEGA\acro{TP}}
%</latex2e>
\def\mtex{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{\^E}\kern-.125emX\@}
%<latex2e>\DeclareRobustCommand\NTS{$\mathcal{N}$\lower.5ex\hbox
%<latex2e>    {$\mathcal{T}$}$\mathcal{S}$\@}
\def\pcMF{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3\p@ c}MF\@}
\def\PCTeX{PC\thinspace\TeX}
\def\pcTeX{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3\p@ c}\TeX}
\def\Pas{Pascal}
\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC\@}
\def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX}
%<!latex2e>\def\plain{{\tt plain}}
%<latex2e>\def\plain{\texttt{plain}}
\def\POBox{P.\thinspace O.~Box }
\def\PS{{Post\-Script}}
\def\SC{Steering Committee}
\def\SGML{\acro{SGML}}
%<!latex2e>\def\SliTeX{{\rm S\kern-.06em{\smc l\kern-.035emi}\kern-.06em\TeX}}
%<latex2e>\def\SliTeX{\textrm{S\kern-.06em\textsc{l\kern-.035emi}%
%<latex2e>                     \kern-.06em\TeX}}
%<!latex2e>\def\slMF{\MF}
%<latex2e> \def\slMF{\textsl{\MF}} % should never be used
%<!latex2e>\def\stTeX{{\smc st\rm\kern-0.13em\TeX}}
%<latex2e> \def\stTeX{\textsc{st}\kern-0.13em\TeX}
%<!latex2e>\def\TANGLE{{\tt TANGLE}\@}
%<latex2e>\def\TANGLE{\texttt{TANGLE}\@}
%<!latex2e>\def\TB{{\sl The \TeX book}}
%<latex2e>\def\TB{\textsl{The \TeX book}}
%<!latex2e>\def\TP{{\sl \TeX\/}: {\sl The Program\/}}
%<latex2e>\def\TP{\textsl{\TeX}: \textsl{The Program}}
%<!latex2e>\def\TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX\@}
%<*latex2e>
\DeclareRobustCommand\TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX\@}
%</latex2e>
\def\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
\def\TeXMaG{\TeX M\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{A}%
   \kern-.2267emG\@}
%<!latex2e>\def\TeXtures{{\it Textures}}
%<latex2e>\def\TeXtures{\textit{Textures}}
\let\Textures=\TeXtures
\def\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-\XeT}
%<!latex2e>\def\ttn{{\sl TTN}\@}
%<latex2e>\def\ttn{\textsl{TTN}\@}
%<!latex2e>\def\TTN{{\sl \TeX{} and TUG NEWS}\@}
%<latex2e>\def\TTN{\textsl{\TeX{} and TUG News}\@}
%<!latex2e>\def\tubfont{\sl}               % redefined in other situations
%<!latex2e>\def\TUB{{\tubfont TUGboat\/}}
%<latex2e>\let\texttub\textsl              % redefined in other situations
%<latex2e>\def\TUB{\texttub{TUGboat}}
\def\TUG{\TeX\ \UG}
\def\tug{\acro{TUG}}
\def\UG{Users Group}
\def\UNIX{\acro{UNIX}}
\def\VAX{V\kern-.12em A\kern-.1em X\@}
\def\VorTeX{V\kern-2.7\p@\lower.5ex\hbox{O\kern-1.4\p@ R}\kern-2.6\p@\TeX}
\def\XeT{X\kern-.125em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
%<!latex2e>\def\WEB{{\tt WEB}\@}
%<latex2e>\def\WEB{\texttt{WEB}\@}
%<!latex2e>\def\WEAVE{{\tt WEAVE}\@}
%<latex2e>\def\WEAVE{\texttt{WEAVE}\@}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{General typesetting rules}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlinechar=`\^^J
\normallineskiplimit=\p@
\clubpenalty=10000
\widowpenalty=10000
\def\NoParIndent{\parindent=\z@}
\newdimen\normalparindent
\normalparindent=20\p@
\def\NormalParIndent{\global\parindent=\normalparindent}
\NormalParIndent
\def\BlackBoxes{\overfullrule=5\p@}
\def\NoBlackBoxes{\overfullrule=\z@}
\def\newline{\hskip\z@\@plus\pagewd\break}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Hyphen control: first, we save the hyphenpenalties in
% \cs{allowhyphens}.  This allows us to permit hyphens temporarily in
% things like \cs{netaddress}es, which typically occur when
% \cs{raggedright} is set,  but which need to be allowed to break at
% their artificial discretionaries.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\edef\allowhyphens{\noexpand\hyphenpenalty\the\hyphenpenalty\relax
  \noexpand\exhyphenpenalty\the\exhyphenpenalty\relax}
\def\nohyphens{\hyphenpenalty\@M\exhyphenpenalty\@M}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Utility registers and definitions}
%
% We define a few scratch registers (and the like) for transient use;
% they're all paired: an internal one (\cs{T@st*}) and an external one
% (\cs{Test*}).
%
% \begin{description}
% \item[\emph{Comment:}] Exercise for an idle day: find whether all
%   these are necessary, or whether we can use the \LaTeX{} temporaries
%   for some (or all) of the \cs{T@st*} ones.
% \item[\emph{Comment:}] (bb) All these registers are used in the
%   plain version, |tugboat.sty|.
% \end{description}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newbox\T@stBox                 \newbox\TestBox
\newcount\T@stCount             \newcount\TestCount
\newdimen\T@stDimen             \newdimen\TestDimen
\newif\ifT@stIf                 \newif\ifTestIf
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Control sequence existence test, stolen from \TeX book exercise 7.7
% (note that this provides functionality that in some sense duplicates
% something within \LaTeX).
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \LaTeX\ conventions which are also useful here.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!latex>
  \let\@@input\input
  \def\iinput#1{\@@input#1 }
  \def\@inputcheck{\if\@nextchar\bgroup
    \expandafter\iinput\else\expandafter\@@input\fi}
  \def\input{\futurelet\@nextchar\@inputcheck}
%</!latex>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Smashes repeated from AMS-\TeX; plain \TeX{} implements only full
% |\smash|.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\iftop@           \newif\ifbot@
\def\topsmash{\top@true\bot@false\smash@}
\def\botsmash{\top@false\bot@true\smash@}
\def\smash{\top@true\bot@true\smash@}
\def\smash@{\relax\ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathsm@sh}%
        \else\let\next\makesm@sh\fi \next }
\def\finsm@sh{\iftop@\ht\z@\z@\fi\ifbot@\dp\z@\z@\fi\box\z@}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%       Vertical `laps'; cf.\ |\llap| and |\rlap|
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\ulap#1{\vbox to \z@{\vss#1}}
\long\def\dlap#1{\vbox to \z@{#1\vss}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%       And centered horizontal and vertical `laps'
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\xlap#1{\hb@xt@\z@{\hss#1\hss}}
\long\def\ylap#1{\vbox to \z@{\vss#1\vss}}
\long\def\zlap#1{\ylap{\xlap{#1}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%       Avoid unwanted vertical glue when making up pages.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\basezero{\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip\z@skip}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  Empty rules for special occasions
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\nullhrule{\hrule \@height\z@ \@depth\z@ \@width\z@ }
\def\nullvrule{\vrule \@height\z@ \@depth\z@ \@width\z@ }
%    \end{macrocode}
%       Support ad-hoc strut construction.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\makestrut[#1;#2]{\vrule \@height#1 \@depth#2 \@width\z@ }
%    \end{macrocode}
%       Construct box for figure pasteup, etc.;
%       height = \#1, width = \#2, rule thickness = \#3
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\drawoutlinebox[#1;#2;#3]{\T@stDimen=#3
        \vbox to#1{\hrule \@height\T@stDimen \@depth\z@
            \vss\hb@xt@#2{\vrule \@width\T@stDimen
                \hfil\makestrut[#1;\z@]%
                \vrule \@width\T@stDimen}\vss
            \hrule \@height\T@stDimen \@depth\z@}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%       Today's date, to be printed on drafts.  Based on \TeX book, p.406.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!latex>
\def\today{\number\day\space \ifcase\month\or
        Jan \or Feb \or Mar \or Apr \or May \or Jun \or
        Jul \or Aug \or Sep \or Oct \or Nov \or Dec \fi
        \number\year}
%</!latex>
%    \end{macrocode}
%       Current time; this may be system dependent!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\hours
\newcount\minutes
\def\SetTime{\hours=\time
        \global\divide\hours by 60
        \minutes=\hours
        \multiply\minutes by 60
        \advance\minutes by-\time
        \global\multiply\minutes by-1 }
\SetTime
\def\now{\number\hours:\ifnum\minutes<10 0\fi\number\minutes}
\def\Now{\today\ \now}
\newif\ifPrelimDraft
%<!latex2e>\def\midrtitle{\ifPrelimDraft {{\tensl preliminary draft, \Now}}\fi}
%<latex2e>\def\midrtitle{\ifPrelimDraft {\textsl{preliminary draft, \Now}}\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Ragged right and friends}
%
% PLAIN's definition of |\raggedright| doesn't permit any stretch, and
% results in too many overfull boxes.  We also turn off hyphenation.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newdimen\raggedskip    \raggedskip=\z@
\newdimen\raggedstretch \raggedstretch=5em    % ems of font set now (10pt)
\newskip\raggedparfill  \raggedparfill=\z@\@plus 1fil
\def\raggedspaces{\spaceskip=.3333em \relax \xspaceskip=.5em \relax }
%    \end{macrocode}
% Some applications may have to add stretch, in order to avoid
% all overfull boxes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\raggedright{%
  \nohyphens
  \rightskip=\raggedskip\@plus\raggedstretch \raggedspaces
  \parfillskip=\raggedparfill }
\def\raggedleft{%
  \nohyphens
  \leftskip=\raggedskip\@plus\raggedstretch \raggedspaces
  \parfillskip=\z@skip }
\def\raggedcenter{%
  \nohyphens
  \leftskip=\raggedskip\@plus\raggedstretch
  \rightskip=\leftskip \raggedspaces
  \parindent=\z@ \parfillskip=\z@skip }
\def\normalspaces{\spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Miscellaneous useful stuff.  Note that \LaTeXe{} defines a robust
% \cs{,}, but that we extend its definition of |~| (it's not robust in
% \LaTeXe{} either; the version we use is that in AMS-\TeX).
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex2e>\def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip\else\thinspace\fi}
\def~{\unskip\nobreak\ \ignorespaces}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Plain \TeX{} defines \cs{newbox} as \cs{outer}.  We solemnly
% preserve the following, which removes the \cs{outer}ness; of course,
% we carefully exclude it from what we generate\dots{}  (\cs{outer}ness is a
% spawn of the devil, is it not?  Barbara Beeton responded to the
% previous sentence ``\cs{outer}ness has its place: it avoids register
% buildup, hence running out of memory''.  In another context, David
% Carlisle remarked that an error control mechanism that causes more
% confusing errors than it prevents is rather a poor one.  This is
% perhaps not the place to conduct a serious debate\dots)
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex>\def\newbox{\alloc@4\box\chardef\insc@unt}
\def\boxcs#1{\box\csname#1\endcsname}
\def\setboxcs#1{\setbox\csname#1\endcsname}
\def\newboxcs#1{\expandafter\newbox\csname#1\endcsname}
%<!latex>\def\gobble#1{}
%<latex>\let\gobble\@gobble
\def\vellipsis{%
  \leavevmode\kern0.5em
  \raise\p@\vbox{\baselineskip6\p@\vskip7\p@\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}
  }
\def\bull{\vrule \@height 1ex \@width .8ex \@depth -.2ex }
\def\cents{{\rm\raise.2ex\rlap{\kern.05em$\scriptstyle/$}c}}
\def\Dag{\raise .6ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle\dagger$}}
\def\careof{\leavevmode\hbox{\raise.75ex\hbox{c}\kern-.15em
                /\kern-.125em\smash{\lower.3ex\hbox{o}}} \ignorespaces}
%<*!latex2e>
\def\sfrac#1/#2{\leavevmode\kern.1em
        \raise.5ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont\z@ #1}\kern-.1em
        /\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont\z@ #2}}
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
\DeclareRobustCommand\sfrac[1]{\@ifnextchar/{\@sfrac{#1}}%
                                            {\@sfrac{#1}/}}
\def\@sfrac#1/#2{\leavevmode\kern.1em\raise.5ex
         \hbox{$\m@th\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@
                           \selectfont#1}$}\kern-.1em
         /\kern-.15em\lower.25ex
          \hbox{$\m@th\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@
                            \selectfont#2}$}}
%</latex2e>
%<latex2e>\DeclareRobustCommand\cs[1]{\texttt{\char`\\#1}}
\def\thinskip{\hskip 0.16667em\relax}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% We play a merry game with dashes, providing all conceivable options
% of breakability before and after.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\endash{--}
\def\emdash{\endash-}
\def\d@sh#1#2{\unskip#1\thinskip#2\thinskip\ignorespaces}
\def\dash{\d@sh\nobreak\endash}
\def\Dash{\d@sh\nobreak\emdash}
\def\ldash{\d@sh\empty{\hbox{\endash}\nobreak}}
\def\rdash{\d@sh\nobreak\endash}
\def\Ldash{\d@sh\empty{\hbox{\emdash}\nobreak}}
\def\Rdash{\d@sh\nobreak\emdash}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Hacks to permit automatic hyphenation after an actual hyphen, or
% after a slash.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\hyph{-\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Adapted from |comp.text.tex| posting by Donald Arseneau, 26 May 93.
% \LaTeXe-isation added by Robin Fairbairns.  Destroys both the
% |TestCount|s.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\nth#1{%
    \def\reserved@a##1##2\@nil{\ifcat##1n%
           0%
%<latex2e>   \let\reserved@b\ensuremath
      \else##1##2%
%<latex2e>   \let\reserved@b\relax
      \fi}%
    \TestCount=\reserved@a#1\@nil\relax
    \ifnum\TestCount <0 \multiply\TestCount by\m@ne \fi % subdue negatives
    \T@stCount=\TestCount
    \divide\T@stCount by 100 \multiply\T@stCount by 100
    \advance\TestCount by-\T@stCount     % n mod 100
    \ifnum\TestCount >20 \T@stCount=\TestCount
      \divide\T@stCount by 10 \multiply\T@stCount by 10
      \advance\TestCount by-\T@stCount   % n mod 10
    \fi
%<*!latex2e>
    \T@stCount=\the\fam\relax
    $\fam\T@stCount#1^{\fam\T@stCount
      \ifcase\TestCount th%    0th
      \or   st%                1st
      \or   nd%                2nd
      \or   rd%                3rd
      \else th%                nth
      \fi
     }$%
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
     \reserved@b{#1}%
       \textsuperscript{\ifcase\TestCount th%    0th
                        \or   st%                1st
                        \or   nd%                2nd
                        \or   rd%                3rd
                        \else th%                nth
                        \fi}%
%</latex2e>
     }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Reviews}
%
% Format information on reviewed items for book review articles.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!latex2e>
\def\Review:#1{\ifx[#1\@Rev[%
  \else Book review:\enspace\sl #1%
  \fi
  }
\def\@Rev[#1]{\ignorespaces#1\unskip:\enspace\ignorespaces\sl}
%</!latex2e>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% For the \LaTeXe{} version, we follow Fairbairns' maxim, and define
% something that can even look like a \LaTeX{} macro\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*latex2e>
\def\Review{\@ifnextchar:{\@Review}{\@Review:}}
\def\@Review:{\@ifnextchar[%]
  {\@Rev}%
  {\@Rev[Book review]}}
\def\@Rev[#1]#2{{\ignorespaces#1\unskip:\enspace\ignorespaces
                                        \slshape\mdseries#2}}
%</latex2e>
%<!latex2e>\def\reviewitem{%
%<latex2e>\def\reviewitem{\addvspace{\BelowTitleSkip}%
  \def\revauth##1{\def\therevauth{##1, }\ignorespaces}%
%<!latex2e>  \def\revtitle##1{\def\therevtitle{{\sl##1}. }\ignorespaces}%
%<latex2e>  \def\revtitle##1{\def\therevtitle{{\slshape##1}. }\ignorespaces}%
  \def\revpubinfo##1{\def\therevpubinfo{##1.}\ignorespaces}%
  }
\def\endreviewitem{{\noindent\interlinepenalty=10000
  \therevauth\therevtitle\therevpubinfo\endgraf}%
  \vskip\medskipamount
%<!latex>\DeleteOptionalSpacesandPars{\noindent\ignorespaces}%
  }
%<!latex2e>\def\booktitle#1{{\sl #1\/}}
%<latex2e>\def\booktitle#1{{\slshape#1\/}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%  \subsection{Dates, volume and issue numbers, etc.}
%
% Dates and other items which identify the volume and issue.
% \cs{issueseqno} is a sequential issue number starting from the
% first issue published; volume 15,4 has \cs{issueseqno=45}.
%
% To use: \begin{tabular}{l}
%              |\vol 19, 1.|\\
%              |\issdate March 1998.|\\
%              |\issueseqno=58|\\
%         \end{tabular}
%
% For production, these are set in a separate file,
% |tugboat.dates|, which is issue-specific.
%
% \begin{description}
% \item[\emph{Comment:}] I would like to make the code read a file
%   |tugboat.dates| in the current directory or its parent.
%   This is easy except under `odd' operating systems ({\small VMS} is
%   an example that springs to mind, {\small RISC}os may be even
%   worse) whose syntax is out of the ordinary.
% \end{description}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\issueseqno            \issueseqno=-1
\def\v@lx{\gdef\volx{Volume~\volno~(\volyr), No.~\issno}}
\def\volyr{}
\def\volno{}
\def\vol #1,#2.{\gdef\volno{#1\unskip}%
        \gdef\issno{\ignorespaces#2\unskip}%
        \setbox\TestBox=\hbox{\volyr}%
        \ifdim \wd\TestBox > .2em \v@lx \fi }
\def\issdate #1#2 #3.{\gdef\issdt{#1#2 #3}\gdef\volyr{#3}%
        \gdef\bigissdt{#1{\smc\uppercase{#2}} #3}%
        \setbox\TestBox=\hbox{\volno}%
        \ifdim \wd\TestBox > .2em \v@lx \fi }
\vol 0, 0.
\issdate Thermidor, 2001.
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% (The curious should know that \emph{Thermidor} was one of the French
% revolutionary month names\dots)
%
% For \LaTeX{} use, define a version of the issue declaration that can
% take or leave the old plain syntax
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex>\def\tubissue#1(#2)%
%<*latex>
\def\tubissue#1{\@ifnextchar(%)
  {\@tubissue@b{#1}}
  {\@tubissue@a{#1}}}
\def\@tubissue@b#1(#2){\@tubissue@a{#1}{#2}}
\def\@tubissue@a#1#2%
%</latex>
  {\TUB~#1, no.~#2}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%  \TUB{} conventions include the sequential issue number in the file name.
%  Permit this to be incorporated into file names automatically.
%  If \(\mbox{issue number} = 11\), \cs{Input filnam} will read
%  |tb11filnam.tex|
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\infil@{\jobname}
\def\Input #1 {\ifnum\issueseqno<0
    \def\infil@{#1}%
  \else
    \def\infil@{tb\number\issueseqno#1}
  \fi
  \edef\jobname{\infil@}\@readFLN
  \@@input \infil@\relax
  \if@RMKopen
    \immediate\closeout\@TBremarkfile\@RMKopenfalse
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{TBremark}s are things that need to be drawn to the attention of
% the editors; the conscientious author will include such things in
% the article file.  By default, remarks are suppressed, but their
% appearance may be enabled by the \cs{TBEnableRemarks} command, which
% can be included in the configuration file |ltugboat.cfg| (or
% |ltugproc.cfg|, if that's what we're at).
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\if@RMKopen        \@RMKopenfalse
\newwrite\@TBremarkfile
\def\@TBremark#1{%
  \if@RMKopen
  \else
    \@RMKopentrue\immediate\openout\@TBremarkfile=\infil@.rmk
  \fi
  \toks@={#1}%
  \immediate\write\@TBremarkfile{^^J\the\toks@}%
  \immediate\write16{^^JTBremark:: \the\toks@^^J}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% We initialise \cs{TBremark} to ignore its argument (this used to
% involve a \cs{TBremarkOFF} which was cunningly defined exactly the
% same as \cs{gobble})
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\TBremark=\gobble
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{TBEnableRemarks} simply involves setting \cs{TBremark} to use
% the functional \cs{@TBremark} defined above.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\TBEnableRemarks{\let\TBremark\@TBremark}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% For marking locations in articles that pertain to remarks
% in another file of editorial comments
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\TUBedit#1{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% For using different filenames in the production process than those
% supplied by authors
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\TUBfilename#1#2{\expandafter\def\csname file@@#1\endcsname{#2}}
%<*!latex2e>
\newread\@altfilenames
\def\@readFLN{\immediate\openin\@altfilenames=\jobname.fln
  \ifeof\@altfilenames\let\@result\relax\else
  \def\@result{\@@input\jobname.fln }\fi
  \immediate\closein\@altfilenames
  \@result}
\@readFLN
\everyjob=\expandafter{\the\everyjob\@readFLN}
%</!latex2e>
%<latex2e>\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.fln}%
%<latex2e>     {\TBInfo{Reading alternative file file \jobname.fln}}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The following needs to work entirely in \TeX's mouth
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@tubfilename#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname file@@#1\endcsname\relax
  #1\else\csname file@@#1\endcsname\fi}
\def\fileinput#1{\@@input\@tubfilename{#1} }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Write out (both to a file and to the log) the starting page number
% of an article, to be used for cross references and in contents.
% |\pagexref|  is used for articles fully processed in the \TUB{}
% run.  |\PageXref|  is used for `extra' pages, where an item is
% submitted as camera copy, and only running heads (at most) are run.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!latex>
\def\pagexrefON#1{%
        \write-1{\def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}%
        \write\ppoutfile{%
                \def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}%
        }
\def\PageXrefON#1{%
        \immediate\write-1{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}%
        \immediate\write\ppoutfile{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}}
%</!latex>
%<*latex>
\def\pagexrefON#1{%
        \write-1{\def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}%
        \write\ppoutfile{%
                \def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}%
        }
\def\PageXrefON#1{%
        \immediate\write-1{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}%
        \immediate\write\ppoutfile{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}}
%</latex>
\def\pagexrefOFF#1{}
\let\pagexref=\pagexrefOFF
\def\PageXrefOFF#1{}
\let\PageXref=\PageXrefOFF
\def\xreftoON#1{%
  \ifundefined{#1}%
    ???\TBremark{Need cross reference for #1.}%
  \else\csname#1\endcsname\fi}
\def\xreftoOFF#1{???}
\let\xrefto=\xreftoOFF
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{TBdriver} `marks code for use when articles are run together in
% a driver file'.  Since we don't yet have a definition of that
% arrangement, we don't have a definition of \cs{TBdriver}.  Its
% argument (which one presumes was intended as the code for this
% unusual state) is just gobbled.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\TBdriver\gobble
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Some hyphenation exceptions:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\hyphenation{Eijk-hout Hara-lam-bous man-u-script man-u-scripts}
%<!latex>\restorecat\@
%</common>
%<*classtail>
\PrelimDrafttrue
%    \end{macrocode}
% \subsection{Page dimensions, glue, penalties etc}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\textheight 54pc
\textwidth 39pc
\columnsep 1.5pc
\columnwidth 18.75pc
\parindent \normalparindent
\parskip \z@ % \@plus\p@
\leftmargini 2em
\leftmarginv .5em
\leftmarginvi .5em
\oddsidemargin \z@
\evensidemargin \z@
\topmargin -2.5pc
\headheight 12\p@
\headsep 20\p@
\marginparwidth 48\p@
\marginparsep 10\p@
\partopsep=\z@
\topsep=3\p@\@plus\p@\@minus\p@
\parsep=3\p@\@plus\p@\@minus\p@
\itemsep=\parsep
\twocolumn
\newdimen\pagewd        \pagewd=39pc
\newdimen\trimwd        \trimwd=\pagewd
\newdimen\trimlgt       \trimlgt=11in
\newdimen\headmargin    \headmargin=3.5pc
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If we're in \LaTeXe, |twoside| option is forced on when
% |article.cls| is loaded.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex2e>\@twosidetrue
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Messing about with the \LaTeX{} logo}
% \label{sec:latex-logo}
%
% Barbara Beeton's pleas for \LaTeX{} logos that look right in any
% font shape provoked me to generate the following stuff that is
% configurable.
%
% Here's the command for the user to define hir own new version.  The
% arguments are font family, series and shape, and then the two kern
% values used in placing the raised `A' of \LaTeX.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\DeclareLaTeXLogo[5]{\expandafter\def
  \csname @LaTeX@#1/#2/#3\endcsname{{#4}{#5}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The default values are as used in the source of \LaTeX{} itself:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@LaTeX@default{{.36}{.15}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Three more defined in the initial version, for bold CM sans (which is
% used as \cs{SecTitleFont}), and CM italic medium and bold:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareLaTeXLogo{cmss}{bx}n{.3}{.15}
\DeclareLaTeXLogo{cmr}m{it}{.3}{.27}
\DeclareLaTeXLogo{cmr}{bx}{it}{.3}{.27}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Redefine \cs{LaTeX} to choose the parameters for the current font,
% or to use the default value otherwise:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand\LaTeX{\expandafter\let\expandafter\reserved@a
  \csname @LaTeX@\f@family/\f@series/\f@shape\endcsname
  \ifx\reserved@a\relax\let\reserved@a\@LaTeX@default\fi
  \expandafter\@LaTeX\reserved@a}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Here's the body of what was originally \cs{LaTeX}, pulled out with its
% roots dripping onto the smoking ruin of original \LaTeX, and then
% bits stuck in on the side.
%
% \cs{@LaTeX@default} provides parameters as one finds in the
% original; other versions are added as needed.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\@LaTeX[2]{L\kern-#1em
        {\sbox\z@ T%
         \vbox to\ht0{\hbox{$\m@th$%
                            \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
                            \fontsize\sf@size\z@
                            \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
                            A}%
                      \vss}%
        }%
        \kern-#2em%
        \TeX}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Authors, addresses, signatures}
%
% Each article may have several authors (of course), so we permit an
% \cs{author} command for each of them.  The names are then stored in
% a set of \cs{csname}s called \cs{author1}, \cs{author2}, \dots
% Similarly, there are several \cs{address<n>} and \cs{netaddress<n>}
% and \cs{PersonalURL<n>} commands set up for each article.
%
% \begin{description}
% \item[\emph{Comment:}] I would like to make provision for several
%   authors at the same address, but (short of preempting the |*|
%   marker, which it would be nice to retain so as to preserve
%   compatibility with the |plain| style) I'm not sure how one would
%   signal it.
% \end{description}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\theauthor#1{\csname theauthor#1\endcsname}
\def\theaddress#1{\csname theaddress#1\endcsname}
\def\thenetaddress#1{\csname thenetaddress#1\endcsname}
\def\thePersonalURL#1{\csname thePersonalURL#1\endcsname}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The standard way of listing authors is to iterate from 1 to
% \cs{count@} and to pick the author names as we go.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex>\newcount\@tempcnta
\def\@defaultauthorlist{%
   \count@\authornumber
   \advance\count@ by -2
   \@tempcnta0
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Loop to output the first \ensuremath{n-2} of the \ensuremath{n}
% authors (the loop does nothing if there are two or fewer authors)
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
   \loop
   \ifnum\count@>0
      \advance\@tempcnta by \@ne
      \ignorespaces\theauthor{\number\@tempcnta}\unskip,
      \advance\count@ by \m@ne
   \repeat
   \count@\authornumber
   \advance\count@ by -\@tempcnta
   \ifnum\authornumber>0
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If there are two or more authors, we output the penultimate author's
% name here, followed by `and'
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
     \ifnum\count@>1
       \count@\authornumber
       \advance\count@ by \m@ne
       \ignorespaces\theauthor{\number\count@}\unskip\ and
       \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Finally (if there were any authors at all) output the last author's
% name:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
     \ignorespaces\theauthor{\number\authornumber}\unskip
   \fi
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Signature blocks.  The author can (in principle) define a different
% sort of signature block using \cs{signature}, though this could well
% cause the editorial group to have collective kittens (unless it had
% been discussed in advance\dots)
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\signature#1{\def\@signature{#1}}
\def\@signature{\@defaultsignature}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{@defaultsignature} loops through all the authors, outputting the
% details we have about that author; this is (as its name implies) the
% default body for \cs{makesignature}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@defaultsignature{%
  \count@=0
  \loop
  \ifnum\count@<\authornumber
    \medskip
    \advance\count@ by \@ne
    \signaturemark
    \theauthor{\number\count@}\\
    \theaddress{\number\count@}\\
    {%
      \allowhyphens
      \thenetaddress{\number\count@}\\
      \thePersonalURL{\number\count@}\\
    }%
  \repeat
  }
\newdimen\signaturewidth   \signaturewidth=12pc
\def\makesignature{%
  \par
  \penalty9000
  \medskip
  \rightline{%
    \vbox{\hsize\signaturewidth \ninepoint \raggedright
      \parindent \z@ \everypar={\hangindent 1pc }
      \parskip \z@skip
      \def\|{\unskip\hfil\break}%
      \def\\{\endgraf}%
      \def\phone{\rm Phone: }
      \rm\@signature}}
  }
\def\signaturemark{\leavevmode\llap{$\diamond$\enspace}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The code used to define the following:
%
% {\small\begin{verbatim}
%   {\makeactive\@
%    \gdef\signatureat{\makeactive\@\def@{\char"40\discretionary{}{}{}}}
%    \makeactive\%
%    \gdef\signaturepercent{\makeactive\%\def%{\char"25\discretionary{}{}{}}}
%   }
% \end{verbatim}}
%
% However, they were never used within the class (or within
% |ltugproc.cls|).  They have therefore been deleted; the identically
% defined \cs{netaddrat} and \cs{netaddrpercent} may be used in the
% unlikely event that they're needed elsewhere.
%
% Now all the awful machinery of author definitions.
% \cs{authornumber} records the number of authors we have recorded to
% date.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\authornumber
\authornumber=0
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{author} `allocates' another author name (by bumping
% \cs{authornumber}) and also sets up the address and netaddress for
% this author to produce a warning and to prevent oddities if they're
% invoked.  This last assumes that invocation will be in the context
% of \cs{signature} (|ltugboat.cls|) or \cs{maketitle}
% (|ltugproc.cls|); in both cases, invocation is followed by a line
% break (tabular line break |\\| in |ltugproc|, \cs{endgraf} in
% \cs{makesignature} in |ltugboat|).
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\author#1{%
  \global\advance\authornumber\@ne
  \expandafter\def\csname theauthor\number\authornumber\endcsname
      {\ignorespaces#1\unskip}%
  \expandafter\def\csname theaddress\number\authornumber\endcsname
    {\TBWarning{Address for #1\space missing}\@gobble}%
  \expandafter\def\csname thenetaddress\number\authornumber\endcsname
    {\TBWarning{Net address for #1\space missing}\@gobble}%
  \expandafter\let\csname thePersonalURL\number\authornumber\endcsname
    \@gobble
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{address} simply copies its argument into the \cs{theaddress<n>}
% for this author.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\address#1{%
  \expandafter\def\csname theaddress\number\authornumber\endcsname
      {\leavevmode\ignorespaces#1\unskip}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{network} is for use within the optional argument of
% \cs{netaddress}; it defines the \emph{name} of the network the user
% is on.
%
% \begin{description}
% \item[\emph{Comment:}] I think this is a fantasy, since everyone (in
%   practice, nowadays) quotes an internet address.  In principle, there
%   are people who will quote |X.400| addresses (but they're few and far
%   between) and I have (during 1995!) seen an address with an |UUCP|
%   bang-path component on |comp.text.tex|, but \emph{really}!
% \end{description}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\network#1{\def\@network{#1: }}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{netaddress} begins a group, executes an optional argument (which
% should not, presumably, contain global commands) and then relays to
% \cs{@relay@netaddress} with both |@| and |%| made active (so that
% they can be discretionary points in the address).  If we're using
% \LaTeXe, we use the default-argument form of \cs{newcommand};
% otherwise we write it out in all its horribleness.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*latex2e>
\newcommand\netaddress[1][\relax]{%
  \begingroup
  \def\@network{}%
%</latex2e>
%<*!latex2e>
\def\netaddress{%
  \begingroup
  \def\@network{}%
  \@ifnextchar[{\@netaddress}{\@netaddress[]}%]
  }
\def\@netaddress[#1]{%}
%</!latex2e>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Unfortunately, because of the catcode hackery, we have still to do
% one stage of relaying within our own code, even if we're using
% \LaTeXe.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  #1\@sanitize\makespace\ \makeactive\@
  \makeactive\.\makeactive\%\@relay@netaddress}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{@relay@netaddress} finishes the job. It sets \cs{thenetaddress}
% for this author to contain the network name followed by the address.
% As a result of our kerfuffle above, |@| and |%| are active at the
% point we're entered.  We ensure they're active when
% \cs{thenetaddress} gets expanded, too. (\textbf{\emph{WOT}?!})
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@relay@netaddress#1{%
  \ProtectNetChars
%<*!latex2e>
  \expandafter\xdef\csname thenetaddress\number\authornumber\endcsname
     {\leavevmode{\noexpand\rm\@network}%
     {\noexpand\NetAddrChars\noexpand\net
      \ignorespaces#1\unskip}}%
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
  \expandafter\protected@xdef
      \csname thenetaddress\number\authornumber\endcsname
    {\protect\leavevmode\textrm{\@network}%
     {\protect\NetAddrChars\net
      \ignorespaces#1\unskip}}%
%</latex2e>
  \endgroup
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{personalURL} is in essence the same as \cs{netaddress}, apart
% from (1) the lack of the eccentric optional argument, and (2) the
% activation of `|/|'.
%
% We could imagine needing an \cs{URL} command in general.  If so, we
% must remember that the code here would naturally permit a break
% between the last two characters of |http://|, and some sort of
% special action must be taken to ensure that it doesn't happen.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\personalURL{\begingroup
  \@sanitize\makespace\ \makeactive\@
  \makeactive\.\makeactive\%\makeactive\/\@personalURL}%
\def\@personalURL#1{%
  \ProtectNetChars
%<*!latex2e>
  \expandafter\xdef\csname thePersonalURL\number\authornumber\endcsname
  {\leavevmode{\noexpand\rm URL\noexpand\@: }%
   {\noexpand\URLchars\noexpand\net
    \ignorespaces#1\unskip}}%
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
  \expandafter\protected@xdef
      \csname thePersonalURL\number\authornumber\endcsname
  {\protect\leavevmode\textrm{\acro{URL}: }%
     {\protect\URLchars\net
      \ignorespaces#1\unskip}}%
%</latex2e>
  \endgroup
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Define the activation mechanism for `|@|', `|%|', `|.|'  and `|/|', for use
% in the above.  Note that, since the code has `|%|' active, we have
% `|*|' as a comment character, which has a tendency to make things
% look peculiar\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
{%
  \makecomment\*
  \makeactive\@
  \gdef\netaddrat{\makeactive\@*
    \def@{\discretionary{\char"40}{}{\char"40}}}
  \makeactive\%
  \gdef\netaddrpercent{\makeactive\%*
    \def%{\discretionary{\char"25}{}{\char"25}}}
  \makeactive\.
  \gdef\netaddrdot{\makeactive\.*
    \def.{\discretionary{\char"2E}{}{\char"2E}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{NetAddrChars} is what \emph{we} use (we're constrained to retain
% the old interface to this stuff, but it \emph{is} clunky\dots).
% Since {\small URL}s are a new idea, we are at liberty not to define
% a separate \cs{netaddrslash} command, and we only have
% \cs{URLchars}.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \gdef\NetAddrChars{\netaddrat \netaddrpercent \netaddrdot}
  \makeactive\/
  \gdef\URLchars{*
    \NetAddrChars
    \makeactive\/*
    \def/{\discretionary{\char"2F}{}{\char"2F}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{ProtectNetChars} includes protecting `|/|', since this does no
% harm in the case of net addresses (where it's not going to be
% active) and we thereby gain by not having yet another csname.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \gdef\ProtectNetChars{*
%<*!latex2e>
    \def@{\noexpand@}*
    \def%{\noexpand%}*
    \def.{\noexpand.}*
    \def/{\noexpand/}*
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
    \def@{\protect@}*
    \def%{\protect%}*
    \def.{\protect.}*
    \def/{\protect/}*
%</latex2e>
    }
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% In \LaTeX2.09, there's no inhibition against simply saying the
% following:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex2e>\def\net{\tt}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%  \LaTeXe{}, on the other hand (in its wisdom), suppresses
%  \cs{DeclareOldFontCommand} when in compatibility mode, so that in
%  that circumstance we need to use a declaration copied from
%  |latex209.def| rather than the way we would normally do the thing
%  (using the command \LaTeXe{} defines for the job).
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*latex2e>
\if@compatibility
  \DeclareRobustCommand\net{\normalfont\ttfamily\mathgroup\symtypewriter}
\else
  \DeclareOldFontCommand{\net}{\ttfamily\upshape\mdseries}{\mathtt}
\fi
%</latex2e>
\def\authorlist#1{\def\@author{#1}}
\def\@author{\@defaultauthorlist}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% Provide machinery to skip extra space, even one or more full columns,
% above the top of an article to leave space to paste up a previous
% article that has finished on the same page.  This is a fall back to
% accommodate the fact that multiple articles cannot yet be run together
% easily with \LaTeXe.
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\maketitle{\par
 \ifdim\PreTitleDrop > \z@
   \loop
   \ifdim \PreTitleDrop > \textheight
     \vbox{}\vfil\eject
     \advance\PreTitleDrop by -\textheight
   \repeat
   \vbox to \PreTitleDrop{}
   \global\PreTitleDrop=\z@
 \fi
 \begingroup
 \setcounter{footnote}{0}
 \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
 \@maketitle
 \@thanks
 \endgroup
 \setcounter{footnote}{0}
 \gdef\@thanks{}
 }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \subsection{Section titles}
%
%  The following macros are used to set the large \TUB{} section heads
%  (e.g.\ ``General Delivery'', ``Fonts'', etc.)
%
%  Define the distance between articles which are run together:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\secsep{\vskip 5\baselineskip}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Note that \cs{stbaselineskip} is used in the definition of
% \cs{sectitlefont}, in \LaTeXe, so that it has (at least) to be
% defined before \cs{sectitlefont} is used (we do the whole job).
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newdimen\stbaselineskip        \stbaselineskip=18\p@
\newdimen\stfontheight
%<*!latex2e>
\setbox\T@stBox=\hbox{\sectitlefont O}
\stfontheight=\ht\T@stBox
%</!latex2e>
%<latex2e> \settoheight{\stfontheight}{\sectitlefont O}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Declaring section titles; the conditional \cs{ifSecTitle} records
% the occurence of a \cs{sectitle} command.  If (when) a subsequent
% \cs{maketitle} occurs, the section title box will get flushed out;
% as a result of this, one could in principle have a set of
% \cs{sectitle} commands in a semi-fixed steering file, and inclusions
% of files inserted only as and when papers have appeared.  Only the
% last \cs{sectitle} will actually be executed.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifSecTitle
\SecTitlefalse
\newif\ifWideSecTitle
\newcommand\sectitle{%
  \SecTitletrue
  \@ifstar
    {\WideSecTitletrue\def\s@ctitle}%
    {\WideSecTitlefalse\def\s@ctitle}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{PreTitleDrop} records the amount of column-space we need to
% eject before we start any given paper.  It gets zeroed after that
% ejection has happened.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newdimen\PreTitleDrop   \PreTitleDrop=\z@
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The other parameters used in \cs{@sectitle}; I don't think there's
% the slightest requirement for them to be registers (since they're
% constant values, AFAIK), but converting them to macros would remove
% the essentially useless functionality of being able to change them
% using assignment, which I'm not about to struggle with just now...
%
% \cs{AboveTitleSkip} and \cs{BelowTitleSkip} are what you'ld expect;
% \cs{strulethickness} is the value to use for \cs{fboxrule} when
% setting the title.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newskip\AboveTitleSkip  \AboveTitleSkip=12\p@
\newskip\BelowTitleSkip  \BelowTitleSkip=8\p@
\newdimen\strulethickness       \strulethickness=.6\p@
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{@sectitle} actually generates the section title (in a rather
% generous box).  It gets called from \cs{maketitle} under conditional
% \cs{ifSecTitle}; by the time \cs{@sectitle} takes control, we
% already have \cs{SecTitlefalse}.  This implementation uses \LaTeX's
% \cs{framebox} command, on the grounds that one doesn't keep a dog
% and bark for oneself\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@sectitle #1{%
  \par
  \penalty-1000
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If we're setting a wide title, the stuff will be at the top of a
% page (let alone a column) but inside a box, so that the separator
% won't be discardable: so don't create the separator in this case.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifWideSecTitle\else\secsep\fi
  {%
    \fboxrule\strulethickness
    \fboxsep\z@
    \noindent\framebox[\hsize]{%
      \raggedcenter
      \def\\{\unskip\break}%
      \sectitlefont
      \makestrut[2\stfontheight;\z@]%
      #1%
      \makestrut[\z@;\stfontheight]\endgraf
    }%
  }%
  \nobreak
  \vskip\baselineskip
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@maketitle{\ifSecTitle
    \global\SecTitlefalse
    \ifWideSecTitle
      \twocolumn[\@sectitle{\s@ctitle}]%
      \global\WideSecTitlefalse
    \else
      \@sectitle{\s@ctitle}%
    \fi
  \else
    \vskip\AboveTitleSkip
    \kern\topskip
    \hrule \@height\z@ \@depth\z@ \@width 10\p@
    \kern-\topskip
    \kern-\strulethickness
    \hrule \@height\strulethickness \@depth\z@
    \kern\medskipamount
    \nobreak
  \fi
  {%
    \nohyphens \interlinepenalty\@M
    \setbox0=\hbox{%
      \let\thanks\@gobble
      \let\\=\quad
      \let\and=\quad
      \ignorespaces\@author}%
    {%
      \noindent\bf\raggedright\ignorespaces\@title\endgraf
    }%
    \ifdim \wd0 < 5\p@               % omit if author is null
    \else
%    \end{macrocode}
% Since we have \(\mathtt{\cs{BelowTitleSkip}} + \mathtt{4pt} =
% \mathtt{\cs{baselineskip}}\), we say:
%    \begin{macrocode}
      \nobreak \vskip 4\p@
      {%
        \leftskip=\normalparindent
        \raggedright
        \def\and{\unskip\\}%
        \noindent\@author\endgraf
      }%
    \fi
    \nobreak
    \vskip\BelowTitleSkip
  }%
  \global\@afterindentfalse
  \aftergroup\@afterheading
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Dedications are ragged right, in italics.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!latex2e>
\def\dedication{\bgroup\raggedright\let\MF=\slMF
                       \noindent\it\ignorespaces}
\def\enddedication{\endgraf\egroup\medskip}
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
\newenvironment{dedication}%
  {\raggedright\noindent\itshape\ignorespaces}%
  {\endgraf\medskip}
%</latex2e>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The |abstract| and |longabstract| environments both use
% \cs{section*}.
% ^^A [the following is no longer true]
% ^^A They therefore hack at our subversion of
% ^^A \cs{@startsection}, to avoid a confusing warning.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!latex2e>
\def\abstract{
\section*{Abstract}
}
\def\endabstract{}
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
\renewenvironment{abstract}%
  {\section*{Abstract}}%
  {}
%</latex2e>
%<*!latex2e>
\def\longabstract{
  \section*{Abstract}
  \bgroup\small}
\def\endlongabstract{\endgraf\egroup
%</!latex2e>
%<*latex2e>
\newenvironment{longabstract}%
  {\section*{Abstract}
   \bgroup\small}%
  {\endgraf\egroup
%</latex2e>
  \vspace{.25\baselineskip}
  \begin{center}
    {$--*--$}
  \end{center}
  \vspace{.5\baselineskip}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Headings}
%
%  Redefine style of section headings to match \TUB{}'s defined styles.
%  |\vskip 8pt| \penalty0|\vskip\parskip| before; |\vskip 4pt| after.
%  Negative beforeskip suppresses following parindent.
%
%  These macros are called \cs{*head} in the plain styles.
%
%  Relaying via \cs{TB@startsection} detects inappropriate use of
%  \cs{section*}.  Of course, if (when) \emph{we} use it, we need to
%  avoid that relaying; this can be done by \cs{let}ting
%  \cs{TB@startsection} to \cs{@startsection}, within a group.
%
% First the version for use in the default case, when class option
% \textsc{numbersec} is in effect.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@numbersec
  \def\section{\@startsection {section}%
                              1%
                              \z@
                              {-8\p@}%
                              {4\p@}%
          {\normalsize\bf\raggedright\hyphenpenalty=\@M}}
  \def\subsection{\TB@startsection{{subsection}%
                                   2%
                                   \z@
                                   {-8\p@}%
                                   {4\p@}%
          {\normalsize\bf\raggedright\hyphenpenalty=\@M}}}
  \def\subsubsection{\TB@startsection{{subsubsection}%
                                      3%
                                      \z@
                                      {-8\p@}%
                                      {4\p@}%
          {\normalsize\bf\raggedright\hyphenpenalty=\@M}}}
  \def\paragraph{\TB@startsection{{paragraph}%
                                  4%
                                  \z@
                                  {2.5ex\@plus 1ex}%
                                  {-1em}%
                                  {\normalsize\bf}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Now the version if class option \textsc{nonumber} is in effect,
% i.e., if \cs{if@numbersec} is false.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\else
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}0
  \def\section{\TB@nolimelabel
               \TB@startsection{{section}%
                                1%
                                \z@
                                {-8\p@}%
                                {4\p@}%
          {\normalsize\bf\raggedright\hyphenpenalty=\@M}}}
  \def\subsection{\TB@nolimelabel
                  \TB@startsection{{subsection}%
                                   2%
                                   \z@
                                   {-8\p@}%
                                   {-0.5em\@plus-\fontdimen3\font}%
          {\normalsize\bf\raggedright\hyphenpenalty=\@M}}}
  \def\subsubsection{\TB@nolimelabel
                     \TB@startsection{{subsubsection}%
                                      3%
                                      \parindent
                                      {-8\p@}%
                                      {-0.5em\@plus-\fontdimen3\font}%
          {\normalsize\bf\raggedright\hyphenpenalty=\@M}}}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{TB@startsection} traps \verb"*" versions of sectioning
% commands.  Its argument is the complete set of \cs{@startsection}
% arguments.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\TB@startsection#1{\@ifstar
  {\TBWarning{*-form of \expandafter\string\csname\@firstofsix#1%
              \endcsname\space inappropriate}%
   \@startsection#1}%
  {\@startsection#1}}
\def\@firstofsix#1#2#3#4#5#6{#1}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{TB@safe@startsection} is to be used where \cs{section*} (etc.)\
% appear in places where the request is OK (because it's built in to
% some macro we don't fiddle with).
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\TB@safe@startsection#1{\@startsection#1}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% And now for the exciting sectioning commands that \LaTeX{} defines
% but we don't have a definition for (whatever else, we don't want
% Lamport's originals, which come out `like the blare of a bugle in a
% lullaby'\footnote{Thurber, \emph{The Wonderful O}}).
%
% The three inappropriate ones are subparagraph (indistinguishable
% from paragraph), and chapter and part.  The last seemed almost to be
% defined in an early version of these macros, since there was a
% definition of \cs{l@part}.  I've not got down to where that came
% from (or why).  If class option \textsc{nonumber} is in effect, we
% also suppress \cs{paragraph}, since it has no parallel in the plain
% style.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@numbersec
  \def\subparagraph{\TB@nosection\subparagraph\paragraph}
\else
  \def\paragraph{\TB@nosection\paragraph\subsubectgion}
  \def\subparagraph{\TB@nosection\subparagraph\subsubsection}
\fi
\def\chapter{\TB@nosection\chapter\section}
\def\part{\TB@nosection\part\section}
\def\TB@nosection#1#2{\TBWarning{class does not support \string#1,
    \string#2\ used instead}#2}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{l@<sectioning-name>} is for table of contents (of an article).
% Don't ask me (RF) why \cs{l@part} is there; I commented it out
% because I couldn't understand why it had been left there for me.  To
% be finally deleted in a future release of these macros\dots
%    \begin{macrocode}
%\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
%  \addvspace{2.25em\@plus\p@}%
%  \begingroup
%    \@tempdima 3em \parindent\z@ \rightskip\z@ \parfillskip\z@
%    {\large \bf \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
%    \nobreak
%  \endgroup}
\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
  \addvspace{1.0em\@plus\p@}%
  \@tempdima 1.5em
  \begingroup
    \parindent\z@ \rightskip\z@  % article style makes \rightskip > 0 
    \parfillskip\z@
    \bf\leavevmode\advance\leftskip\@tempdima\hskip-\leftskip#1\nobreak\hfil
    \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
  \endgroup}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{References}
%
% Since the sections aren't numbered, the natural tendency of the
% author to cross-reference (which, after all, is one of the things
% \LaTeX{} is for ever being advertised as being good at) can cause
% headaches for the editor.  (Yes it can; believe me~\dots\ there's
% always one.)
%
% The following command is used by each of the sectioning commands to
% make a following \cs{ref} command bloop at the author.  Even if the
% author then ignores the complaint, the poor old editor may find the
% offending \cs{label} rather more easily.
%
% (Note that macro name is to be read as ``\emph{noli me} label'' (I
% don't know the medi\ae val Latin for `label').
%
% \begin{description}
% \item[\emph{Comment}] To come (perhaps): detection of the act of
%   labelling, and an analogue of \cs{ifG@refundefined} for this sort of
%   label
% \end{description}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\TB@nolimelabel{\def\@currentlabel{\protect\TBWarning
                        {Invalid label on page \thepage\space used}%
                      \textbf{?!?}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Float captions}
%
% By analogy with what we've just done to section titles and the like,
% we now do our best to discourage hyphenation within captions.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
    \raggedright\hyphenpenalty=\@M
    #1: #2\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Size changing commands}
%
% Apart from their `normal' effects, these commands are 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\normalsize{%
   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
   \abovedisplayskip=3\p@\@plus 3\p@\@minus\p@
   \belowdisplayskip=\abovedisplayskip
   \abovedisplayshortskip=\z@\@plus 3\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip=\p@\@plus 3\p@\@minus\p@
}

\renewcommand\small{%
   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
   \abovedisplayskip=2.5\p@\@plus 2.5\p@\@minus\p@
   \belowdisplayskip=\abovedisplayskip
   \abovedisplayshortskip=\z@\@plus 2\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip=\p@\@plus 2\p@\@minus\p@
}
\renewcommand\footnotesize{%
    \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5}%
    \abovedisplayskip=3\p@\@plus 3\p@\@minus\p@
    \belowdisplayskip=\abovedisplayskip
    \abovedisplayshortskip=\z@\@plus 3\p@
    \belowdisplayshortskip=\p@\@plus 3\p@\@minus\p@
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Lists and other text inclusions}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@listi{%
  \leftmargin\leftmargini\parsep=\p@\@plus\p@\@minus\p@
  \itemsep=\parsep
  \listparindent=1em
  }

\def\@listii{%
  \leftmargin\leftmarginii
  \labelwidth=\leftmarginii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
  \topsep=2\p@\@plus\p@\@minus\p@
  \parsep=\p@\@plus\p@\@minus\p@
  \itemsep=\parsep
  \listparindent=1em
  }

\def\@listiii{%
  \leftmargin=\leftmarginiii
  \labelwidth=\leftmarginiii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
  \topsep=\p@\@plus\p@\@minus\p@
  \parsep=\z@
  \itemsep=\topsep
  \listparindent=1em
  }
\def\quote{\list{}{\rightmargin.5\leftmargin}\item[]}
%    \end{macrocode}
% From Dominik Wujastyk's font article.  First paragraph of a quotation
% will not be indented, and right margin is decreased for narrow columns.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\quotation}{\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em
     \rightmargin.5\leftmargin\parsep \z@\@plus\p@}\item[]}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Some fun with \texttt{verbatim}}
%
% The |plain| \TUB{} style allows \verb|[optional]| arguments to its
% \cs{verbatim} command.  This will allow the author (or editor) to
% specify a range of exciting features; we would definitely like the
% numbered verbatim style for code (that facility is reserved for a
% future version of this package), and the present little bit of code
% imposes the \cs{ruled} option on the built-in \textsf{verbatim}
% environment.  (Note that we don't yet deal with
% \textsf{verbatim}$*$, which is in itself an option to the |plain|
% original.)
%
% We start by saving various bits and bobs whose operation we're going
% to subvert.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%\let\@TB@verbatim\@verbatim
\let\@TBverbatim\verbatim
\let\@TBendverbatim\endverbatim
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Impose an optional argument on the environment.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\verbatim{\futurelet\reserved@a\@switch@sqbverbatim}
\def\@switch@sqbverbatim{\ifx\reserved@a[%]
  \expandafter\@sqbverbatim\else
  \def\reserved@b{\@sqbverbatim[]}\expandafter\reserved@b\fi}
\def\@sqbverbatim[#1]{%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The optional argument consists entirely of functions that modify the
% appearance of the environment.  Following the |plain| style, we
% define the functions we can execute in the optional argument here.
%
% The command \cs{ruled} tells us that there should be rules above and
% below the verbatim block.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \def\ruled{\let\if@ruled\iftrue}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Then we just execute the ones we've got, and relay to a (hacked)
% copy of the built-in environment.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  #1\@TBverbatim}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The built-in environment itself relays to \cs{@verbatim}, which
% we've subverted to impose our views on appearance.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@verbatim{%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% First, we deal with \cs{ruled}:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \if@ruled\trivlist\item\hrule\kern5\p@\nobreak\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Now, the code out of the original \textsf{verbatim} environment:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \trivlist \item\relax
  \if@minipage\else\vskip\parskip\fi
  \leftskip\@totalleftmargin\rightskip\z@skip
  \parindent\z@\parfillskip\@flushglue\parskip\z@skip
  \@@par
  \@tempswafalse
  \def\par{%
    \if@tempswa
      \leavevmode \null \@@par\penalty\interlinepenalty
    \else
      \@tempswatrue
      \ifhmode\@@par\penalty\interlinepenalty\fi
    \fi}%
  \obeylines \verbatim@font \@noligs
  \let\do\@makeother \dospecials
  \everypar \expandafter{\the\everypar \unpenalty}%
}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% To end the environment, we do everything in reverse order: relay via
% the copy we made of \cs{endveratim}, and then finish off the option
% changes (again \cs{ruled} only, so far).
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\endverbatim{\@TBendverbatim
  \if@ruled\kern5\p@\hrule\endtrivlist\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{enablemetacode} simply typesets\footnote{Or will simply typeset,
%   when we get around to implementation proper} something that looks
% (verbatim) like:
%
% \verb|   <meta-text>|
%
% \noindent as:
%
% \verb|   |\ensuremath{\langle}\textit{meta-text}\ensuremath{\rangle}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
{\makeactive<
  \gdef<#1>{{\reset@font\ensuremath{\langle}%
    \textit{#1}%
    \ensuremath{\rangle}}}
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Finally, we define the \cs{if} used by the \cs{ruled} option
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\if@ruled\iffalse
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Bibliography}
% \label{sec:citations}
% This is more or less copied verbatim from Glenn Paulley's 
% \emph{chicago.sty} (\texttt{gnpaulle@\penalty0 bluebox.\penalty0
% uwaterloo.\penalty0 ca}).
% It produces an author-year citation style bibliography, using
% output from the \BibTeX\ style file based on that by
% Patrick Daly. It needs extra macros beyond those in standard
% \LaTeX\ to function properly.
% The form of the bibitem entries is:
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Jones, Baker, and Smith}
%        {Jones et al.}{1990}{key}...
% \end{verbatim}
% The available citation commands are:
%
% \begin{tabular}{ll}
%    \verb|\cite{key}| & $\rightarrow$     (Jones, Baker, and Smith 1990)\\
%    \verb|\citeA{key}| & $\rightarrow$    (Jones, Baker, and Smith)\\
%    \verb|\citeNP{key}| & $\rightarrow$   Jones, Baker, and Smith 1990\\
%    \verb|\citeANP{key}| & $\rightarrow$  Jones, Baker, and Smith\\
%    \verb|\citeN{key}| & $\rightarrow$    Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)\\
%    \verb|\shortcite| & $\rightarrow$    (Jones et al.~1990)\\
%    \verb|\citeyear| & $\rightarrow$      (1990)\\
%    \verb|\citeyearNP| & $\rightarrow$    1990\\
% \end{tabular}
%
% First of all (after checking that we're to use Harvard citation at
% all), make a copy of \LaTeX's default citation mechanism.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@Harvardcite
\let\@internalcite\cite
%    \end{macrocode}
% Normal forms.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\cite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\citeNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\citeN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2)\else{)}\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1 (##3}\@citedata}
\def\citeA{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
\def\citeANP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Abbreviated forms (using \emph{et al.})
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\shortcite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\shortciteNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\shortciteN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2)\else{)}\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 (##3}\@citedata}
\def\shortciteA{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
\def\shortciteANP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
%    \end{macrocode}
% When just the  year is needed:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\citeyear{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@citedata}
\def\citeyearNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@citedata}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Place commas in-between citations in the same |\citeyear|, |\citeyearNP|,
% |\citeN|, or |\shortciteN| command.
% Use something like |\citeN{ref1,ref2,ref3}| and |\citeN{ref4}| for a list.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@citedata{%
        \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citedatax}%
                                  {\@tempswafalse\@citedatax[]}%
}

\def\@citedatax[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{, }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Don't box citations, separate with ; and a space;
% Make the penalty between citations negative: a good place to break.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@citex[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{; }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% No labels in the bibliography.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@biblabel#1{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Set length of hanging indentation for bibliography entries.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength{\bibhang}
\setlength{\bibhang}{2em}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Indent second and subsequent lines of bibliographic entries. Stolen
% from openbib.sty: |\newblock| is set to |{}|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=1.5em
\@ifundefined{refname}%
   {\newcommand{\refname}{References}}%
   {}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% For safety's sake, suppress the \cs{TB@startsection} warnings
% here\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\thebibliography#1{\let\TB@startsection\TB@safe@startsection
  \section*{\refname\@mkboth
  {\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}\list
  {[\arabic{enumi}]}{%
  \labelwidth\z@ \labelsep\z@
  \leftmargin\bibindent
  \itemindent -\bibindent
  \listparindent \itemindent
  \parsep \z@
  \usecounter{enumi}}
  \def\newblock{}
  \sloppy
  \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\def\etal{et\,al.\@}
\def\bibentry{\smallskip
              \hangindent=\parindent
              \hangafter=1
              \noindent
              \sloppy
              \clubpenalty500 \widowpenalty500
              \frenchspacing}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Note changes made to accommodate TUB file naming conventions
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\bibliography#1{%
  \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibdata{\@tubfilename{#1}}}\fi
  \@input{\jobname.bbl}}

\def\bibliographystyle#1{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout
    {\string\bibstyle{\@tubfilename{#1}}}\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If the user's asked to use \LaTeX's default citation mechanism
% (using the |rawcite| option), we still need to play with
% \cs{TB@startsection}: this is a boring fact of life\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\else
\let\TB@save@thebibliography\thebibliography
\def\thebibliography{\let\TB@startsection\TB@safe@startsection
  \TB@save@thebibliography}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Registration marks}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\HorzR@gisterRule{\vrule \@height 0.2\p@ \@depth\z@ \@width 0.5in }
\def\DownShortR@gisterRule{\vrule \@height 0.2\p@ \@depth 1pc \@width 0.2\p@ }
\def\UpShortR@gisterRule{\vrule \@height 1pc \@depth\z@ \@width 0.2\p@ }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% ``T'' marks centered on top and bottom edges of paper
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\ttopregister{\dlap{%
        \hb@xt@\trimwd{\HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule
                        \HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule}%
        \hb@xt@\trimwd{\hfil \DownShortR@gisterRule \hfil}}}
\def\tbotregister{\ulap{%
        \hb@xt@\trimwd{\hfil \UpShortR@gisterRule \hfil}%
        \hb@xt@\trimwd{\HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule
                        \HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule}}}
\def\topregister{\ttopregister}
\def\botregister{\tbotregister}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Running heads}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex2e>\def \rtitlex{\def\tubfont{\normalsize\rm}\TUB, \volx }
%<latex2e>\def \rtitlex{\def\texttub##1{{\normalsize\textrm{##1}}}\TUB, \volx }

\def\PrelimDraftfooter{%
  \dlap{\kern\textheight\kern3pc
        \rlap{\hb@xt@\pagewd{\midrtitle\hfil\midrtitle}}
  }}

%    \end{macrocode}
% registration marks; these are temporarily inserted in the running head
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\MakeRegistrationMarks{}
\def\UseTrimMarks{%
  \def\MakeRegistrationMarks{%
    \ulap{\rlap{%
       \vbox{\dlap{\vbox to\trimlgt{\vfil\botregister}}%
             \topregister\vskip \headmargin \vskip 10\p@}}}}%
  }

\def\@oddhead{\MakeRegistrationMarks\PrelimDraftfooter
  \normalsize\csname normalshape\endcsname\rm
  \rtitlex\qquad\midrtitle \hfil \thepage}
\def\@evenhead{\MakeRegistrationMarks\PrelimDraftfooter
  \normalsize\csname normalshape\endcsname\rm
  \thepage\hfil\midrtitle\qquad\rtitlex}
\def\@oddfoot{}
\def\@evenfoot{}
\def\ps@headings{}
\pagestyle{headings}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \subsection{Output routine}
% Modified to alter |\brokenpenalty| across columns
%
% \begin{description}
% \item[\emph{Comment}] We're playing with fire here: for example,
%   \cs{@outputdblcol} has changed in \LaTeXe{} for 1995/06/01 (with the
%   use of \cs{hb@xt@}).  \emph{This} time there's no semantic change,
%   but\dots
% \end{description}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@outputdblcol{\if@firstcolumn \global\@firstcolumnfalse
    \global\setbox\@leftcolumn\box\@outputbox
    \global\brokenpenalty10000
  \else \global\@firstcolumntrue
    \global\brokenpenalty100
    \setbox\@outputbox\vbox{\hb@xt@\textwidth{\hb@xt@\columnwidth
      {\box\@leftcolumn \hss}\hfil \vrule \@width\columnseprule\hfil
       \hb@xt@\columnwidth{\box\@outputbox \hss}}}\@combinedblfloats
       \@outputpage \begingroup \@dblfloatplacement \@startdblcolumn
       \@whilesw\if@fcolmade \fi{\@outputpage\@startdblcolumn}\endgroup
    \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \subsection{Font-related definitions and machinery}
% These are mostly for compatibility with plain |tugboat.sty|
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifFirstPar       \FirstParfalse
\def\smc{\sc}
\def\ninepoint{\small}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{SMC} \emph{isn't} small caps~--- Barbara Beeton says she thinks
% of it as ``big small caps''.  She says (modulo capitalisation of
% things\dots):
% \begin{quote}
%   For the things it's used for, regular small caps are not
%   appropriate~--- they're too small.  Real small caps are
%   appropriate for author names (and are so used in continental
%   bibliographies), section headings, running heads, and, on
%   occasion, words to which some emphasis is to be given.  \cs{SMC}
%   was designed to be used for acronyms and all-caps abbreviations,
%   which look terrible in small caps, but nearly as bad in all caps
%   in the regular text size.  The principle of using ``one size
%   smaller'' than the text size is similar to the design of caps in
%   German~--- where they are smaller relative to lowercase than are
%   caps in fonts intended for English, to improve the appearance of
%   regular text in which caps are used at the heads of all nouns, not
%   just at the beginnings of sentences.
% \end{quote}
%
% We define this in terms of the memory of the size currently selected
% that's maintained in \cs{@currsize}: if the user does something
% silly re.~selecting fonts, we'll get the wrong results.  The
% following code is adapted from |relsize.sty| by Donald Arseneau and
% Matt Swift, from a 2.09 original by Bernie Cosell.  (Note that the
% order of examination of \cs{@currsize} is to get the commonest cases
% out of the way first.)
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<!latex2e>\def\SMC{\small}
%<*latex>
%<*latex2e>
\DeclareRobustCommand\SMC{%
  \ifx\@currsize\normalsize\small\else
   \ifx\@currsize\small\footnotesize\else
    \ifx\@currsize\footnotesize\scriptsize\else
     \ifx\@currsize\large\normalsize\else
      \ifx\@currsize\Large\large\else
       \ifx\@currsize\LARGE\Large\else
        \ifx\@currsize\scriptsize\tiny\else
         \ifx\@currsize\tiny\tiny\else
          \ifx\@currsize\huge\LARGE\else
           \ifx\@currsize\Huge\huge\else
            \small\SMC@unknown@warning
 \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
}
\newcommand\SMC@unknown@warning{\TBWarning{\string\SMC: unrecognised
    text font size command -- using \string\small}}
\newcommand\textSMC[1]{{\SMC #1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The \cs{acro} command uses \cs{SMC} as it was originally intended.
% Note that, since most of these things are uppercase-only names, it
% fiddles with the spacefactor after inserting its text.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\acro[1]{\textSMC{#1}\@}
%</latex2e>
%<!latex2e>\def\acro#1{{\SMC #1}\@}
%</latex>
%<!latex>\def\acro#1{{\SMC #1}\spacefactor\@m}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Miscellaneous definitions}
%
% \cs{EdNote} allows the editor to enter notes in the text of a paper.
% If the command is given something that appears like an optional
% argument, the entire text of the note is placed in square brackets.
% (Yes, it really is!)
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\xEdNote{{\EdNoteFont Editor's note:\enspace }}
\def \EdNote{\@ifnextchar[%]
  {%
    \ifvmode
      \smallskip\noindent\let\@EdNote@\@EdNote@v
    \else
      \unskip\quad\def\@EdNote@{\unskip\quad}%
    \fi
    \@EdNote
  }%
  \xEdNote
}
\long\def\@EdNote[#1]{%
  [\thinspace\xEdNote\ignorespaces
   #1%
   \unskip\thinspace]%
  \@EdNote@
}
\def\@EdNote@v{\par\smallskip}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  Macros for Mittelbach's self-documenting style
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\SelfDocumenting{%
  \setlength\textwidth{31pc}
  \onecolumn
  \parindent \z@
  \parskip 2\p@\@plus\p@\@minus\p@
  \oddsidemargin 8pc
  \evensidemargin 8pc
  \marginparwidth 8pc
  \toks@\expandafter{\@oddhead}%
  \xdef\@oddhead{\hss\hb@xt@\pagewd{\the\toks@}}%
  \toks@\expandafter{\@evenhead}%
  \xdef\@evenhead{\hss\hb@xt@\pagewd{\the\toks@}}%
  \def\ps@titlepage{}%
}
\def\ps@titlepage{}

\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent\hb@xt@2em{}%
  \llap{\@makefnmark}\null$\mskip5mu$#1}

\def\fnum@figure{{\bf Figure \thefigure}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Initialization}
%
% If we're going to use Harvard-style bibliographies, we set up the
% bibliography style: the user doesn't get any choice.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@Harvardcite
  \AtBeginDocument{%
    \bibliographystyle{ltugbib}%
  }
\fi
\authornumber\z@
\let\@signature\@defaultsignature
\InputIfFileExists{ltugboat.cfg}{\TBInfo{Loading ltugboat
                                           configuration information}}{}
%</classtail>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{\protect\LaTeXe\ Proceedings class}
%
% Make the code of |ltugboat.cls| (when we load it) say it's really
% us:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*ltugproccls>
\def\@tugclass{ltugproc}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% For the case where we're preparing the preprints, we may not have
% been able to prepare submissions for typesetting in two columns.  In
% this case, therefore, we may need the option |onecolumn|, that will
% suppress the use of twocolumn setting within the article.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\if@proctw@column  \@proctw@columntrue
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@proctw@columnfalse}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% ^^A\acro
% {TUG}'96 proceedings switched to more sober headings still; so
% the \textsf{tug95} option establishes the original state.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\if@proc@sober
\DeclareOption{tug95}{\@proc@soberfalse}
\DeclareOption{tug96}{\@proc@sobertrue}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% There are these people who seem to think |tugproc| is an option as
% well as a class\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{tugproc}{%
  \ClassWarning{ltugproc}{Option \CurrentOption\space ignored}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Suppress class options \textsc{numbersec} and \textsc{nonumber};
% they have no meaning, currently, in the proceedings style:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{numbersec}{\ds@tugproc}
\DeclareOption{nonumber}{\ds@tugproc}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% All other options are simply passed to |ltugboat|\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{ltugboat}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If there's a \textsf{tugproc} defaults file, input it now: it may
% tell us which year we're to perform for\dots  (Note: this code
% \emph{is} millenium-proof.  It's not terribly classy for years
% beyond 2069, but then I'm not going to be around then---this will be
% an interesting task for a future \TeX{}ie\dots)
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\InputIfFileExists{ltugproc.cfg}{\ClassInfo{ltugproc}%
           {Loading ltugproc configuration information}}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Now work out what year it is
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@tempcnta\year
\divide\@tempcnta by100
\multiply\@tempcnta by100
\advance\@tempcnta-\year
\@tempcnta-\@tempcnta
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% And use that for calculating a year for us to use.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\edef\@tempa{\noexpand\providecommand\noexpand\tugProcYear
                {\ifnum10>\@tempcnta0\fi\the\@tempcnta}}
\@tempa
\ClassInfo{ltugproc}{Proceedings defined for year
  \expandafter\ifnum\tugProcYear<70\relax20\else
    \expandafter\ifnum\tugProcYear>100\else19\fi\fi\tugProcYear}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Check that this is a sensible year.  If not, make it the `most
% recent year we know about'.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\expandafter\ifx\csname ds@tug\tugProcYear\endcsname\relax
  \def\tugProcYear{96}\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Now execute the default `year' option and get on with processing.
% Note that this command gets ignored if the configuration file
% specifies a silly year.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ExecuteOptions{tug\tugProcYear}
\ProcessOptions
\LoadClass{ltugboat}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Proceedings titles}
%
% There's no provision for `section titles' in proceedings issues, as
% there are in \TUB{} proper.  Note the tedious \LaTeX{} bug-avoidance
% in the \cs{@TB@test@document} macro
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\maketitle{%
 \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
 \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
 \if@proctw@column \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
 \else             \onecolumn\@maketitle
 \fi
 \def\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
 \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{@TB@test@document} checks to see, at entry to \cs{maketitle}, if
% we've had \verb:\begin{document}:.  See \LaTeX{} bug report latex/2212,
% submitted by Robin Fairbairns, for details.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@TB@test@document{%
  \edef\@tempa{\the\everypar}
  \def \@tempb{\@nodocument}
  \ifx \@tempa\@tempb
    \@nodocument
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Define the fonts for titles and things
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\AUTHORfont {\large\rmfamily\mdseries\upshape}
\def\TITLEfont  {\Large\rmfamily\mdseries\upshape}
\def\addressfont{\small\rmfamily\mdseries\upshape}
\def\netaddrfont{\small\ttfamily\mdseries\upshape}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The body of \cs{maketitle}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@maketitle{%
   {\parskip\z@
    \TITLEfont\raggedright\noindent\@title\par
      \count@=0
      \loop
      \ifnum\count@<\authornumber
        \vskip20\p@
        \advance\count@\@ne
        {\AUTHORfont\theauthor{\number\count@}\endgraf}%
        \addressfont\theaddress{\number\count@}\endgraf
        {%
          \allowhyphens
          \hangindent1.5pc
          \netaddrfont\thenetaddress{\number\count@}\endgraf
          \hangindent1.5pc
          \thePersonalURL{\number\count@}\endgraf
        }%
      \repeat
   \vskip20\p@}%
   \if@abstract
      \centerline{\bfseries Abstract}%
      \vskip.5\baselineskip\rmfamily
      \list{}{\listparindent20\p@
         \itemindent\z@ \leftmargin4.875pc
         \rightmargin\leftmargin \parsep \z@}\item[]\ignorespaces
            \the\abstract@toks
      \endlist\global\@ignoretrue
   \fi
   \vskip1pc
   \xdef\@titlepagenum{\number\c@page}%
   \global\@afterindentfalse\aftergroup\@afterheading
  }

\def\@titlepagenum{1 }          % default
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{description}
% \item[\emph{Comment}] This is all very weird\dots why we (of all
%   people) don't allow \cs{thanks} currently escapes me.
% \end{description}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\thanks#1{\@bsphack\TBWarning{\string\thanks\space
              is not supported}\@esphack}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Save the contents of the abstract environment in the token register
% \cs{abstract@toks}.  We need to do this, as otherwise it may get
% `typeset' (previously, it got put in a box) before
% |\begin{document}|, and experiments prove that this means our shiny
% new \cs{SMC} doesn't work in this situation.
%
% If you need to understand the ins and outs of this code, look at the
% place I lifted it from: |tabularx.dtx| (in the tools
% bundle).  The whole thing pivots on having stored the name of the
% `abstract' environment in \cs{@abstract@}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newtoks\abstract@toks  \abstract@toks{}
\let\if@abstract\iffalse
\def\abstract{\def\@abstract@{abstract}%
  \ifx\@currenvir\@abstract@
  \else
    \TBError{\string\abstract\space is illegal:%
      \MessageBreak
      use \string\begin{\@abstract@} instead}%
      {\@abstract@\space may only be used as an environment}
  \fi
  \global\let\if@abstract\iftrue
  {\ifnum0=`}\fi
  \@abstract@getbody}
\let\endabstract\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{@abstract@getbody} gets chunks of the body (up to the next
% occurrence of \cs{end}) and appends them to \cs{abstract@toks}.  It
% then uses \cs{@abstract@findend} to detect whether this \cs{end} is
% followed by \verb|{abstract}|
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\@abstract@getbody#1\end{%
  \global\abstract@toks\expandafter{\the\abstract@toks#1}%
  \@abstract@findend}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Here we've got to \cs{end} in the body of the abstract.
% \cs{@abstract@findend} takes the `argument' of the \cs{end} do its
% argument.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@abstract@findend#1{%
  \def\@tempa{#1}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If we've found an `end' to match the `begin' that we started with,
% we're done with gathering the abstract up; otherwise we stuff the
% end itself into the token register and carry on.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifx\@tempa\@abstract@
    \expandafter\@abstract@end
  \else
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% It's not \cs{end}|{abstract}| --- check that it's not
% \cs{end}|{document}| either (which signifies that the author's
% forgotten about ending the abstract)
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \def\@tempb{document}%
    \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
      \TBError{\string\begin{\@abstract@}
          ended by \string\end{\@tempb}}%
        {You've forgotten \string\end{\@abstract@}}
    \else
       \global\abstract@toks\expandafter{\the\abstract@toks\end{#1}}%
       \expandafter\@abstract@getbody
    \fi
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% In our case, the action at the `proper' \cs{end} is a lot simpler
% than what appears in |tabularx.dtx| \dots{} don't be surprised!
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@abstract@end{\ifnum0=`{\fi}%
  \expandafter\end\expandafter{\@abstract@}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \cs{signature} is improper in proceedings, so we replace it with a
% warning (and a no-op otherwise)
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\signature}{\TBWarning
         {\string\signature\space is invalid in proceedings issues}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The \cs{rh*} commands are versions to be used in the running head of
% the article.  Normally, they are the same things as the author and 
% title of the article, but in the case that there are confusions
% therein, the text should provide substitutes, using the \cs{short*}
% commands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\rhTitle{\@title}
\def\shortTitle #1{\def\rhTitle{#1}}
\def\rhAuthor{\@author}
\def\shortAuthor #1{\def\rhAuthor{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Now we define the running heads in terms of the \cs{rh*} commands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@oddhead{\MakeRegistrationMarks
  \ifnum\c@page=\@titlepagenum
  \else
    {%
      \hfil
      \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}%
      \rmfamily\rhTitle
    }%
  \fi}
\def\@evenhead{\MakeRegistrationMarks
  \ifnum\c@page=\@titlepagenum
  \else
    {%
      \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}%
      \rmfamily\rhAuthor
      \hfil
    }%
  \fi}

\advance\footskip8\p@    % for deeper running feet

\def\dopagecommands{\csname @@pagecommands\number\c@page\endcsname}
\def\setpagecommands#1#2{\expandafter\def\csname @@pagecommands#1\endcsname
  {#2}}
\def\@oddfoot{\ifpreprint\pfoottext\hfil\Now\hfil\thepage
        \else\rfoottext\hfil\thepage\fi\dopagecommands}
\def\@evenfoot{\ifpreprint\thepage\hfil\Now\hfil\pfoottext
        \else\thepage\hfil\rfoottext\fi\dopagecommands}

\def\pfoottext{{\smc Preprint}: Proceedings of the \volyr{} Annual Meeting}
\def\rfoottext{\normalfont\TUB, \volx\Dash 
   {Proceedings of the \volyr{} Annual Meeting}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Section divisions}
%
% Neither sections nor subsections are numbered in the proceedings
% style: note that this puts a degree of stress on authors' natural
% tendency to reference sections, which is a matter that needs
% attention.
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Otherwise, the \cs{section} command is pretty straightforward.
% However, the \cs{subsection} and \cs{subsubsection} are run-in, and
% we have to remember to have negative stretch (and shrink if we
% should in future choose to have one) on the \meta{afterskip}
% parameter of \cs{@startsection}, since the whole skip is going to
% end up getting negated.  We use \cs{TB@startsection} to detect
% inappropriate forms.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@proc@sober
  \def\section
         {\TB@nolimelabel
          \TB@startsection{{section}%
                           1%
                           \z@%
                           {-8\p@}%
                           {6\p@}%
                           {\normalsize\bf\raggedright}}}
\else
  \def\section
         {\TB@nolimelabel
          \TB@startsection{{section}%
                           1%
                           \z@%
                           {-8\p@}%
                           {6\p@}%
                           {\large\bf\raggedright}}}
\fi
\def\subsection
         {\TB@nolimelabel
          \TB@startsection{{subsection}%
                           2%
                           \z@%
                           {6\p@\@plus 2\p@\@minus2\p@}%
                           {-5\p@\@plus -\fontdimen3\the\font}%
                           {\normalsize\bf}}}
\def\subsubsection
         {\TB@nolimelabel
          \TB@startsection{{subsubsection}%
                           3%
                           \z@%
                           {1sp}%
                           {-5\p@\@plus -\fontdimen3\the\font}%
                           {\normalsize\bf}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Appendices raise a problem: we plainly need to restore the section
% numbering (oh dearie me\dots), which in turn allows labelling of
% section numbers again (\cs{TBnolimelabel} happens before the
% \cs{refstepcounter}, so its effects get lost \dots~what a clever
% piece of design that was).  So here we go:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\appendix{\par
  \renewcommand\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}%
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{1}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Now: is this the start of an appendix environment?  This can be
% detected (as Mark Wooding and I realised apparently on the same day)
% by looking at \cs{@currenvir}; if we are, we need to relay to
% \cs{@appendix@env} to pick up the optional argument.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \def\@tempa{appendix}
  \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
    \expandafter\@appendix@env
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Here we deal with \cs{begin}|{appendix}|\oarg{app-name}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\app@prefix@section{}
\newcommand\@appendix@env[1][Appendix]{%
  \renewcommand\@seccntformat[1]{\csname app@prefix@##1\endcsname
    \csname the##1\endcsname\quad}%
  \renewcommand\app@prefix@section{#1 }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Ending an appendix environment is pretty trivial\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\endappendix\relax
%</ltugproccls>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{Plain \TeX\ styles}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*tugboatsty>
% err...
%</tugboatsty>
%<*tugprocsty>
% err...
%</tugprocsty>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \section{The \LaTeXe\ compatibility-mode style files}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*ltugboatsty>
\@obsoletefile{ltugboat.cls}{ltugboat.sty}
\LoadClass{ltugboat}
%</ltugboatsty>
%<*ltugprocsty>
\@obsoletefile{ltugproc.cls}{ltugproc.sty}
\LoadClass{ltugproc}
%</ltugprocsty>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \section{\protect\BibTeX\ support}
% \section{The \protect\BibTeX\ style file}
% This is based on an original by Patrick Daly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*tugbib>
ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label extra.label sort.label long.label short.label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
          "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state before.all =
            'write$
            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem[" write$
  "\protect\citeauthoryear{" long.label * "}{" * write$
  short.label write$
  "}{" year duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "????" }
    'skip$
  if$
  * extra.label * "}]{" * write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
%<!latex2e> { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
%<latex2e>  { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bolden}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
%<!latex2e> { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
%<latex2e>  { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Function |format.names| modified at Barbara Beeton's suggestion
% (while reviewing the TUG95 preprints) to treat the first author's
% name differently.  One has one's doubts\dots
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      nameptr #1 =
        { "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, ff}" format.name$ }
        { "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ }
      if$
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                { " \etal{}" * }
                { " and " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
      format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                { " \etal{}" * }
                { " and " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { ", editors" * }
        { ", editor" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names.ed
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { title
      "``" swap$ * "''" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ "In " }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
       pop$ "????" }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label *
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
      series empty$
        'skip$
        { " of " * series emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
        { series field.or.null }
        { output.state mid.sentence =
            { "number" }
            { "Number" }
          if$
          number tie.or.space.connect
          series empty$
            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
            { " in " * series * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
        { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
        { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
        { "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
        { "page" pages tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  bolden
  number empty$
    'skip$
    { "(" number * ")" * *
      volume empty$
        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  pages empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ format.pages }
        { ", " * pages n.dashify * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
        { "chapter" }
        { type "l" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
        'skip$
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
        { word.in booktitle emphasize * }
        { word.in booktitle emphasize * ", edited by " *
          format.in.editors * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Technical Report" }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
  word.in
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      word.in
    }
    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
  word.in
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
      " " * before.all 'output.state :=
      format.vol.num.pages output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    {
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished output
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.chapter.pages output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
      format.edition output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.pages output
      address output
      new.sentence
      organization output
      publisher output
  format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
  organization output
  address output
  format.edition output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Ph.D.\ thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.editors output
  editor format.key output
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  address output
  new.sentence
  organization output
  publisher output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  note "note" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  s num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$                      % 2nd number of names
      " \etal{}" *
    }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
            { " \etal{}" * }
            { " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.long.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                { " \etal{}" * }
                { " and " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {author.key}
{ author empty$
    { "{"
      key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$ *
      "}" *
    }
    'author
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { "{"
          key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$ *
          "}" *
        }
        'editor
      if$
    }
    'author
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key}
{ editor empty$
    { "{"
      key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$ *
      "}" *
    }
    'editor
  if$
}

% [stack: name other.field]
FUNCTION {maybe.other.name.field}
{ swap$                         % [stack: other.field name]
  duplicate$ empty$             % is the name empty?
    { pop$                      % discard it [stack: other.field]
      #1 swap$ 'skip$ if$       % try the other one
    }
    { swap$ pop$                % discard other.field
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.label.names}
{ type$ "proceedings" =
    'editor
    'author
  if$
  'editor maybe.other.name.field
  'organization maybe.other.name.field
  'key maybe.other.name.field
  { "Cannot create a label name in " cite$ * warning$
    cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } maybe.other.name.field
}

FUNCTION {calc.short.label}
{ calc.label.names format.lab.names
  'short.label :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.label
  short.label ", " *
  year duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "????" }
     { purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ }
  if$
  *
  'label :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.long.label}
{ calc.label.names format.long.lab.names
  'long.label :=
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
        { "   " * }
        'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr
      "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
      format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  label sortify
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.sort
        'author.sort
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.label :=
  sort.label
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}

SORT

STRINGS { last.label next.extra }

INTEGERS { last.extra.num }

FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
  calc.long.label
}

ITERATE {bib.sort.order}

SORT

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}
%</tugbib>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \Finale
%
\endinput
%
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}