%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%        File: montex.tex
%      Author: Oliver Corff
%        Date: January 31st, 1999
%     Version: \VersionRelease
%   Copyright: Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, Berlin
%
% Description: MonTeX -- Mongolian for LaTeX2e
%              Implementation Level \ImplementationLevel
%              System Documentation
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% ----------------- identification ends here -------------------
%
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
%\usepackage[T3,LMS,LMC,T1]{fontenc}	% <- Uncomment these lines
\usepackage[latin1]{mls}		%    if you use the TIPA
%\usepackage[noenc]{tipa}		% <- package
\usepackage{longtable}			%

% If emtex goofs with (printer) memory overflow
% when attempting to print this document then
% set the following number to "1", recompile and
% increase the number step by step until all
% examples are printed. The maximum value is 6.

\newcounter{FontSamples}
\setcounter{FontSamples}{6} % <--- Modify this number!

% Make sure your installation includes ec sources
% for Dunhill and Funny typefaces otherwise LaTeX
% will complain about font files not found.

% It is safe to set the FontSamples value to 4 on
% emtex systems.

%
% You obtain a nicer `gamma' by uncommenting the following line
% but if you do so make sure the TIPA package gets included.
% You should then uncomment line no. 18 of this file.
%
%\renewcommand{\g}{\textipa{\textgamma}}

%%
%% The following commands and command groups are only used
%% for abbreviating the typing work of the documentation.
%%
\newcommand\exa{\nopagebreak \begin{flushleft}\smallskip \nopagebreak
                \begin{minipage}[t]{6cm}\sloppy}
\newcommand\exb{\end{minipage}\kern 1cm\begin{minipage}[t]{8cm}\sloppy }
\newcommand\exc{\end{minipage}\kern -3cm \smallskip\end{flushleft}}

%\renewcommand{\MonTeX}{Mon\TeX\ \textsf{Mongolian for \LaTeX}}
\newcommand{\Soyombo}{\textsc{Soyombo}}
\newcommand{\Zanabazar}{\textsc{Zanabazar}}
\newcommand{\XD}{\textsc{X\"awt\"a\"a D\"orw\"oljin}}
\newcommand{\LMC}{\textsf{LMC}}
\newcommand{\LMS}{\textsf{LMS}}
\newcommand{\LMT}{\textsf{LMT}}
\newcommand{\Tone}{\textsf{T1}}
\newcommand{\Ttwo}{\textsf{T2}}
\newcommand{\TW}{{\mnr S\"UXBAT}}
\newcommand{\WT}{{\rnm S\"UXBAT}}
\newcommand{\Tw}{{\mnr S\"uxbat}}
\newcommand{\Wt}{{\rnm S\"uxbat}}

\newcommand{\ff}[1]{\fontfamily{#1}}
\newcommand{\fs}[1]{\fontseries{#1}}
\newcommand{\fsh}[1]{\fontshape{#1}}

\newcommand{\tttt}[1]{\texttt{\char92#1}}

\newcommand{\CaptionsList}[1]{%
	\begin{center}
	\begin{tabular}{l|l|l}
	 Command			& English	& #1 \\
	 \hline
	 \tttt{prefacename}	& Preface	& \prefacename\\
	 \tttt{refname}		& References	& \refname\\
	 \tttt{abstractname}	& Abstract	& \abstractname\\
	 \tttt{bibname}		& Bibliography	& \bibname\\
	 \tttt{chaptername}	& Chapter	& \chaptername\\
	 \tttt{appendixname}	& Appendix	& \appendixname\\
	 \tttt{contentsname}	& Contents	& \contentsname\\
	 \tttt{listfigurename}	& List of Figures& \listfigurename\\
	 \tttt{listtablename}	& List of Tables& \listtablename\\
	 \tttt{indexname}	& Index		& \indexname\\
	 \tttt{figurename}	& Figure	& \figurename\\
	 \tttt{tablename}	& Table		& \tablename\\
	 \tttt{partname}	& Part		& \partname\\
	 \tttt{enclname}	& encl		& \enclname\\
	 \tttt{ccname}		& cc		& \ccname\\
	 \tttt{headtoname}	& To		& \headtoname\\
	 \tttt{pagename}	& Page		& \pagename\\
	 \tttt{seename}		& see		& \seename\\
	 \tttt{alsoname}	& see also	& \alsoname\\
	 \end{tabular}
	\captionsenglish
	\caption{Captions in #1%
		\label{#1captions}}
	\end{center}%
}

%%
%% Meaningful text of document montex.tex begins here
%%
\title{%
	\ifthenelse{\value{PostScriptAvailable}=1}
	{\mbosoo{mongGol}\mbosoo{bicig tai}\mbosoo{lateh}\\[0.75cm]
	}{%
	 \textit{mong\g ol bicig-täi lateh}\protect\footnote{%
	 	Instead of the transliterated text, the same text
		should appear in vertical Mongolian writing. Since
		\MonTeX\ did not find PostScript support on your
		system, it decided to print this text horizontally
		and in transliteration. It is suggested that you
		update your \LaTeX\ system by adding PostScript
		support (see section~\ref{PostScriptSupport}).}\\}
	\xalx{Kirill "Us"agt"a"i La\TeX}\\
	\MonTeX\\
	Mongolian for \LaTeXe\\
	Implementation Level \ImplementationLevel\\
	v.~\VersionRelease}

\author{Oliver Corff\protect\thanks{The author currently receives
			a DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
			postdoctoral grant (Habilitationsstipendium) and
			expresses his sincere gratitude.}
	\and
	Dorjpalam Dorj\protect\thanks{Institute for Language and
			Literature, Mongolian Academy of Sciences,
			Ulaanbaatar. D.~Dorj's work on this software
			was partially funded by a DAAD scholarship
			for which he expresses is heartfelt
			gratitude.}}

\date{\VersionDate}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
	\MonTeX\ is now released in Implementation Level
	\ImplementationLevel\
	implying that there is not only Cyrillic Support for
	Modern Mongolian
	(Xalx dialect), Buryat and Russian; this version includes
	rudimentary support for Mongolian Script (also known as
	Uighur Script)
	embedded in Latin and Cyrillic texts as it is used in
	dictionaries, philological work and official documents.

	The present release (\VersionRelease) is still very early;
	expect bugs and irregular behaviour. Especially the Mongolian
	Script input method cannot be but called crude.
\end{abstract}

\clearpage

\tableofcontents
\listoftables

\clearpage

\section{\MonTeX\ Features}

\MonTeX\ is a package which provides several Mongolian scripts
to the \LaTeXe\ user community. At present, it features Cyrillic typefaces
for modern Mongolian as it is used in Mongolia and Buryatia. The package
can be used for writing Mongolian text documents as well as for writing
single Mongolian words embedded in other languages. It is also possible to
include short portions of classical Mongolian in Latin and Cyrillic texts.

Instead of delaying the release of the whole package any further, it was
decided to release every module to the user community as soon as it is
truly usable. Thus, we start with Cyrillic Mongolian, i.~e. Xalx and Buryat,
and Classical Mongolian. In
addition, rudimentary support (mainly for captions and the \verb'\today'
command) for Russian is available as Russian is a language frequently
used in Mongolia and Buryatia. The implementation levels are assigned
as follows:

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{rl}
Implementation Level & Features \\\hline
I	&     Modern Mongolian in Cyrillic Script and Buryat\\
II	& I   and Mongolian script in LR mode horizontal\\
IIa	& II  and Mongolian script portions in LR mode vertical\\
III	& II  and Mongolian script text in horizontal RL mode\\
IV	& III and Mongolian script text printed vertically \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

Implementation level I is good for producing documents in Modern
Mongolian; implementation level II adds support for words and lines of
Classical Mongolian embedded in other (Cyrillic and Latin) scripts which
is essentially useful for dictionaries etc.; implementation level IIa
allows single words to be placed in vertical capsules; implementation
level III allows the composition of purely Classical Mongolian documents
while implementation level IV finally allows the combination of both
scripts in freely assignable quantities and locations within the document.

Mongolian linguistic culture provides a perplexing richness of
writing systems of varying regional, historical and socio-political
importance. Developing a Mongolian system which covers \emph{all}
documented writing systems is tantamount to writing a Mongolian
Babel system and cannot be done in a truly elegant manner with
respect to the current \LaTeXe\ limitations.

Full ISO 10646/Unicode character set support is one desideratum, the
free switching of all sorts of writing directions in the document is
another cornerstone of success. 

The word \emph{Mongolian} is actually an umbrella term for
several languages rather than the precise name of a single language.
Things become more complicated when names of ethnic groups, languages
and writing systems are mixed.
\begin{description}
	\item [Xalx] or Khalkha is the name of the Mongolian
		nationality residing in Mongolia proper. Their
		dialect forms the basis of Mongolian written with
		Cyrillic letters. Throughout this text, \emph{Modern
		Mongolian} is used as a synonym.
	\item [Buryat] is the name of the Mongolian nationality
		residing in Buryatia, north of Mongolia, east of
		Lake Baikal, being a part of the Russian Federation.
		The Buryat call themselves \emph{Buryaad} while Xalx
		Mongolians call them \emph{Buriad}. The English name
		follows the Russian orthography.
		Linguistically, Xalx and Buryat Mongol are fairly
		close languages; Buryat has a slightly different
		sound system in which the phoneme /s/ partially
		shifted to /h/; the modern Buryat Cyrillic alphabet
		(virtually identical with the Cyrillic alphabet used
		for writing Modern Mongolian) has one additional
		letter (H/h, \xalx{H/h}) for marking the difference to /s/.
	\item [Bicig] (literally \emph{script} in Mongolian) denotes
		text written in the traditional Mongolian script
		which is also referred to as Uighur.
\end{description}

Xalx Mongolian, or Modern Colloquial Mongolian, is about as
different from the form written in Classical script as modern
English in phonetical spelling (assume it be written in Shavian
letters) from the highly historical orthography of Standard English.
Beyond these differences, Mongolian written in Classical Script
usually preserves a substantial amount of historical grammatical
features which make it look a bit like Elizabethan English.


\subsection{Requirements and Limitations}

In order to run \MonTeX\ a recent version of \LaTeXe\ is necessary.
\MonTeX\ relies on the NFSS font selection mechanism and the
ligature capacities of Metafont. This package has not been tested
under \LaTeX2.09 and will most certainly not function satisfactorily
under that environment. Depending on the implementation level,
further software support becomes necessary since not all features
can be realized smoothly in \LaTeXe\ alone.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
Implementation Level & Requirements \\\hline
I	& A working \LaTeXe\ system\\
II	& A working \LaTeXe\ system\\
IIa	& like II, plus PostScript support\\
III	& like II, plus functional \texttt{TeX--XeT} system\\
IV	& like III, plus PostScript support \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

The e\TeX\ (available for DOS and UNIX based computers alike) system
provides full Right-to-Left writing support; for obtaining the \verb"\LR"
and \verb"\RL" primitives it is also possible to build \TeX\ from the
\texttt{web2c} (or teTeX) sources, replacing \texttt{tex.web} with
\verb'tex--xet.web' and \texttt{tex.ch} with \verb'tex--xet.ch'
unless you have a new version of teTeX which includes the
\texttt{etex} and \texttt{elatex} commands already.

Post\-Script support is a standard feature of most UNIX installations
and supplied with most of the available \TeX\ for Windows9x distributions.%
	\footnote{The authors use Linux (Red Hat 4.2 and 5.1) systems
		for daily work; on the same hardware, PostScript
		under Windows\emph{xx} is significantly slower than
		under Linux; this holds true for document and
		font compilation as well.}

A word of warning is necessary here. \MonTeX\ is not a small,
convenient system which can be used without any effort. Much like
its very foundation \LaTeX\ it requires some willingness to study
a few (and indeed simple) rules; occasionally one or the other old
habit has to be overcome. The reward is text typeset in excellent
quality so that scholarly achievement no longer disappears in badly
typeset documents.


\subsection{PostScript support\label{PostScriptSupport}}

PostScript is used for creating vertical capsules of text within
horizontal text for \MonTeX\ implementation levels IIa as well as
for complete pages with implementation level IV. This requires the
presence of the \texttt{rotating} package for \LaTeX\ which itself
relies on the \texttt{graphics} package. The \texttt{rotating} and
\texttt{graphics} packages come with teTeX but do not come with
emtex. They can be found at CTAN.

Besides the above-mentioned packages it is necessary that the
generated \texttt{.dvi} files can be processed further, e.\,g. by
\texttt{dvips} which generates a PostScript file out of a
\texttt{.dvi} file. If there is no PostScript printer at your site,
PostScript emulation is necessary which is usually provided by
GhostScript and GhostView. Implementations of these systems are
available for a number of operating systems and can also be found at
CTAN. Linux, a free UNIX system, comes which GhostScript, and the
winemtex distribution of \LaTeX\ includes GhostScript as well. A
sample command sequence to produce and preview a document can be
found in illustration~\ref{RunExampleTeTeX}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{verbatim}
	$ latex montex.tex	# Compile document
	$ dvips montex.dvi	# Create PostScript out of DVI
	$ gv montex.ps		# Preview document (allows printing)
\end{verbatim}
\caption{A sample compilation and preview cycle for a document
		requiring PostScript support}~\label{RunExampleTeTeX}
\end{figure}

Without PostScript support, only implementation level II can be
realized (instead of IIa): Mongolian script can be printed
horizontally but not vertically. Illustration~\ref{RunExampleEmtex}
shows the commands for emtex (in fact, there is no difference to
the usual command sequence).

\begin{figure}
\begin{verbatim}
	C:\text> latex2e montex.tex	# Compile document
	C:\text> v montex.dvi		# Preview document
\end{verbatim}
\caption{A sample compilation and preview cycle for a document
		without PostScript support}~\label{RunExampleEmtex}
\end{figure}


\subsection{Acknowledgements}

The authors wish to thank the creators of \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ as well
as the designers of the existing fonts for their generosity of
providing the world with such inspiring pieces of software. The packages
from which pieces of code originated by inspiration or blunt copy
are far too numerous; the Russian captions were taken from the file
\texttt{russian.sty} (as were the English captions), most of the
Cyrillic letters were produced with fonts by Nana Glonti and Alexander
Samarin; additional letters were taken from J.~Knappen's font files.
Special thanks go to David Carlisle who offered the solution for a
serious problem with the ligature mechanism in \TeX.

Among the friends and colleagues in Mongolia and Germany who offered
information, support and encouragement the authors wish to name
B.~Nerguy, Urgamal, M.~Balk, Q.~\"Anxzayaa and K.~Maezono (without
implication of any particular order or precedence). They contributed
test data as well as their ideas for encoding, font shapes, user
interfaces, and, last but not least, were patient alpha testers
who helped the authors with numerous problem reports.

Most of the improvements between version 0.1 and the present version
are not actually improvements; they are simply eliminations of
partially awful bugs as well as ugly hacks (rather than
\emph{code}) and aim to make this package simply usable (if not
useful).


\subsection{Sources of Code and Inspiration}

Some Cyrillic packages have been available for a few years. All
Cyrillic packages available for \TeX/\LaTeX\ stem from one of
two lines of ancestry:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Fonts developed at the University of Washington
	\item Fonts by Nana Glonti and Alexander Samarin
\end{itemize}
The two lines differ substantially in scope of characters and
printing quality. The University of Washington series in \textsf{OT2}
encoding has a broad support for East European languages, but the
praise for printing quality is given to the characters designed by
Nana Glonti and Alexander Samarin. The Glonti/Samarin line of
characters has undergone numerous minor modifications, not so much
in glyph shapes but basically in determining encoding slots.
Fortunately, the fonts are set up in a way that allows for
convenient redefining of individual code positions.

Neither original line of Cyrillic characters offers the additional
characters necessary for writing non-Slavic languages like
Mongolian; already in the beginning of the 1990s, J\"org Knappen
filled the gap and designed additional letters which were intended
to be used with Bashkir, a Turkic language. In fact, most of the
letter forms employed there can also be used in other non-Slavic
languages used throughout Central Asia since these letters are not
specific to Bashkir. Some of J.~Knappen's letter forms (accidentally
mostly those which are not necessary for writing Modern Mongolian)
do need some refinement, and are then immediately suitable for a
range of languages including Kasakh, Tuvinian etc. In the present
stage of the system, only those letters used in Mongolian and Buryat
are incorporated from J.~Knappen's files.

\begin{sloppypar}
After discussing the typeface issues with Mongolian specialists, the
Glonti/Samarin letter forms were chosen for their superior appearance in
volume text. The fonts had to be renamed; failing to do so would
have resulted in unpermissible ambiguity.
\end{sloppypar}

One feature of the traditional Cyrillic font packages for \TeX\ (besides
their lacking support for non-Slavic languages) is the intimate relationship
between input encoding and output encoding. The first step in
building Mongolian support was to separate these two spheres as
numerous Mongolian encodings exist which should all be supported by
the Mongolian package. A new encoding was then defined (\LMC\ ---
Local Mongolian Cyrillic) which is a close approximation of a
transliteration based on Latin1 encoding, notably with front vowels
\"a, \"o, \"u (\xalx{"a, "o, "u}) and \"i\ (\xalx{"i}) in matching
positions. 

The encoding is completely detached from the existing Cyrillic
codepages of which there are too many; in addition it should be
possible to produce Mongolian documents in 7-bit environments so as
to assure maximum document portability.

An additional ligature table for Metafont was then supplied which
takes care of most of the two-letter combinations necessary for
entering Cyrillic since the Cyrillic alphabet has more letters
(36 in the present version) than the Latin alphabet which prohibited
any 1:1-mapping scheme.

The used transliteration is very closely modelled after the MLS
system yet provides enough transparency for accepting alternative
spellings in some cases.


\subsection{Output Encodings}

Several output encodings are defined for \MonTeX:

\begin{description}
	\item [\LMC] Local Mongolian Cyrillic: This encoding was
		defined in order to avoid collisions with existing
		Cyrillic encodings for \TeX\ and \LaTeX.
	\item [\LMS] Local Mongolian Script: The system's generic
		encoding for the Mongolian script which is still
		given in glyph encoding. The language is represented
		by a Latin transliteration the letters of which are
		essentially treated as future Mongolian canonical
		code positions. Once Mongolian Unicode will be available,
		the Latin transliteration can be seamlessly replaced
		by Mongolian canonical characters.
	\item [\LMT] Local Mongolian-Tibetan: This encoding is reserved
		to ensure access to the characters in the future \Zanabazar\
		package: \Soyombo\footnote{%
			It is possible to use the Soyombo package
			available since 1996 as long as \Zanabazar\
			is not available.}
			 and \XD. It is designed to comprise
		Tibetan as well, and Sirlin's Tibetan fonts can be 
		directly used with this encoding.
\end{description}


\subsection{\MonTeX\ and recent \TeX\ trends}

At present (early 1999, that is) a new Cyrillic encoding for \TeX/\LaTeX\
is being developed. The encoding is known as \Ttwo; \Ttwo\ comes in several
varieties depending on which of the numerous extended Cyrillic 
characters for non-Slavic languages (Altaic, Turkic, Caucasian, etc.)
is needed. The \Ttwo\ encoding comes with its own set of Cyrillic
fonts maintained by Vladimir Volovich and Werner Lemberg.

As soon as the \Ttwo\ encoding is stable and becomes a standard part of
the \TeX\ distributions \MonTeX\ will switch to \Ttwo. At the moment the
private encoding \LMC\ is favoured over \Ttwo\ just because it could
be tested; future implementations of \MonTeX\ will provide a smooth
transition for the user: documents developed with older versions of
\MonTeX\ will be upward compatible. The present version of \MonTeX\
understands the Cyrillic character names as given in LH (which is
closer to Unicode than the original design).

The \texttt{babel} package will also be supported in due course; at
the moment, \texttt{babel} support is lacking mainly due to font
encoding questions. At present, \MonTeX\ is \emph{not} built
with \texttt{babel} compatibility in mind. It must be seen as a 
stand-alone extension similar to \texttt{german.sty} or the \textsf{CJK}
package.

The future belongs to 16-bit character sets; the first \TeX\
development supporting larger character sets is $\Omega$mega of
which experimental versions exist. One of the great features of
$\Omega$mega is the capability to process canonical input encodings
in order to generate glyph variants for document presentation. These
so-called translation processes are far more powerful than anything
Metafont can offer via ligatures, and they are the only feasible way
to avoid external preprocessors or internal retransliteration engines
coded in \TeX\ needed to process Mongolian script.\footnote{%
	The retransliteration engine provided with \MonTeX\ has
	a rather `combined' approach; basic letter forms are selected
	in the retransliteration section while typical ligatures
	are composed with the ligature tables of Metafont. The authors
	express their sincerest gratitude to David Carlisle who
	contributed the missing link between characters in the output 
	list and \TeX/Metafont's ligature mechanism.}
Prof.~Lagally's Arab\TeX\ is the only \LaTeX\ package known to the
authors where an extensive retransliteration engine is realized
as pure \TeX\ code; it is an impressive piece of work defying any
simple-minded imitation. So far, $\Omega$mega translation processes
exist for Tibetan and Arabic (paragons of complex relations between
original script and any attempted romanization).



\section{Installation}

The installation procedure depends on the nature of the actual
\TeX\ system. The directory tree of teTeX is different from the emtex
tree; hence the source archive \texttt{montex}\textit{nn}\texttt{.zip}
features the following subdirectories the contents of which has to be
placed into appropriate branches of the \TeX\ installation:
\begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{mfinput} holds the complete Metafont sources 
		for the Mongolian fonts. The suggested path for emtex
		users is \verb"\emtex\mfinput\"; for teTeX users
		\verb"$TEXMF/fonts/source/public/" is a suitable
		choice.
	\item \texttt{tfm} holds all necessary font metrics files.
	The suggested path for emtex users is \verb"\emtex\tfm\";
	for teTeX users \verb"$TEXMF/fonts/tfm/public/"
	is a suitable choice.
	\item \texttt{texinput} holds all style files, font encoding
		definitions etc. which are read by \LaTeXe.
		The suggested path for emtex users is
		\verb"\emtex\texinput\montex"; for teTeX users
		\verb"$TEXMF/tex/latex/montex/" is a suitable choice.
	\item \texttt{doc} contains the documentation (the document
		which you are reading right now). It can be placed
		in \verb"\emtex\doc\montex" (for emtex users) or 
		\verb"$TEXMF/doc/latex/montex" (for teTeX users).
\end{itemize}

It may become necessary to rehash the directory database of the
\TeX\ system. When in doubt, consult your system administrator or
local \TeX\ guru\footnote{\TeX\ wizard, that is. Personal communication
	with David Kastrup.}.
On teTeX systems, the command \texttt{texhash} will perform this service.

If you want to use \MonTeX\ Implementation Level IIa or IV it is
necessary to ensure PostScript support both on the \LaTeX\ side
(\texttt{graphics} and \texttt{rotating} packages, \texttt{dvips}
command) and the system side (PostScript printer or emulation must
be installed).


\subsection{Hyphenation Patterns}

\MonTeX\ provides hyphenation rules for Modern Mongolian (Xalx).
Hyphenation patterns for English are activated with English as
selected language; hyphenation patterns for Russian exist at CTAN
but they are unfortunately not suited for \MonTeX\ withour prior
work. Hyphenation patterns for Buryat have not been developed yet.

Due to the very nature of \TeX, hyphenation patterns for a given
language cannot be loaded at run-time but must be compiled into
a so-called format file which gets loaded by \TeX\ whenever the
command \texttt{latex} is executed. A format file is usually
created when a new \TeX\LaTeXe\ system is installed, but creating
a new format can be done at any later time again. A special variant
of \TeX\ called \texttt{initex} is used for this purpose.
The procedure sounds more intimidating than it actually is.
Since there are many different types of \TeX\ installations, the 
procedure is somewhat system-dependent. There is detailed on-line
documentation available for performing this task, either in form of
a text file for emtex, or in form of a FAQ file which can be
displayed using the command \texttt{texconfig faq} on teTeX systems.

\section{User Commands}

\subsection{General Settings}

In order to access the commands of \MonTeX\ the package must be
loaded in the document preamble by saying

\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[<language options>,<encoding options>]{mls}
\end{verbatim}

The options include choices for the basic document language and
input encodings.

\subsubsection{Document Language}

The document language can be set with one of
\ifthenelse{\value{BuryatAvailable}=1}{\texttt{buryat}, }{}
	\verb"english",
	\verb"russian" or
	\verb"xalx"
like in
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[xalx]{mls}
\end{verbatim}
which issues all captions and the date in Modern Mongolian
	\ifthenelse{\value{BuryatAvailable}=1}
		{(for \texttt{buryat} see table~\ref{Buryatcaptions},}{}
	 for \verb'english' the default English captions of \LaTeXe\
		are used,
	 for \verb'russian' see table~\ref{Russiancaptions},
	 for \verb'xalx' see table~\ref{Xalxcaptions}).
The option
\verb"english", at least as a \verb"\usepackage" option, is
essentially a do-nothing: it sets captions to English (which is
the default of this package anyway).

\ifthenelse{\value{BuryatAvailable}=1}
	{\begin{table}[h]
		{\captionsburyat
		\CaptionsList{Buryat}}
	\end{table}}{}

\begin{table}[h]
	{\captionsrussian
	\CaptionsList{Russian}}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[h]
	{\captionsxalx
	\CaptionsList{Xalx}}
\end{table}

The date form follows \TeX\ conventions and is thus a mixture of
numbers and words. Thus for \verb"\today" (\today) we have%
	\footnote{The actual date at compilation time is
used for the examples}:\label{today}

\begin{center}
	\begin{tabular}{ll}
	    \textbf{Buryat}	&\BuryatToday\\\label{BuryatToday}
	    \textbf{Xalx}	&\XalxToday\\\label{XalxToday}
	    \textbf{Russian}	&\RussianToday\\\label{RussianToday}
	\end{tabular}
\end{center}

The language specifiers
\ifthenelse{\value{BuryatAvailable}=1}{\texttt{buryat},}{}
\verb"english", \verb"russian"
and \verb"xalx" can also be used anywhere in the document as arguments
to the \verb"\selectlanguage" command.
Instead of stating an argument to \verb"\usepackage{mls}" it is
possible to say in your document
\begin{quote}
	\verb"\selectlanguange{xalx}"
\end{quote}
which would set captions to Xalx Mongolian.


\subsubsection{Input Encodings}

\MonTeX\ is flexible enough to deal with several kinds of input
encodings including code pages with Cyrillic letters. In an
environment based on Latin1 encoding (ISO 8859-1, ANSI or Windows)
no input encoding conversion is necessary. Users working on IBM
compatible DOS platforms can specify the option \verb"mls" in the
preamble:

\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[mls]{mls}
\end{verbatim}

The MLS codepage is compatible with the IBM 437 codepage as far as
the front vowels are concerned but features additional Cyrillic
letters. Other available input encodings support either front vowels
or Cyrillic letters but usually not both.

Basically it is possible to use \MonTeX\ without anything else but
the plain 7-bit ASCII encoding since internal and external mechanisms
are available which can render transliterated texts into Mongolian.
Using Latin1 encoding is however much more elegant as the Mongolian
front vowels can be entered directly.

If a local environment supports Cyrillic and Script codepages
then texts can be composed using these codepages. Table
\ref{inputenc} shows which codepages are supported. Those codepage
names which are followed by a `(+)' are supplied by \MonTeX\ whereas
the other codepage declarations are recognized and passed through to
the system. The column ``Front Vowels'' indicates whether the vowels
\"o and \"u (and their Mongolian counterparts \xalx{"o, "u}) are
available in that particular codepage.

\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
Encoding Option&\multicolumn{7}{|c|}{Transliteration Symbols}%
			&Cyrillic&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{Front Vowels}\\\hline
\rule{0mm}{2.25ex}%
	&\"A/\"a&\"O/\"o&\"U/\"u&\"E&\"e&\"I&\"i& &\xalx{"O/"o}&\xalx{"U/"u}\\
	\hline
\texttt{mls} (+) &yes	&yes	&yes	&no &yes&no &yes&yes	&yes	&yes \\
\texttt{ncc} (+) &no	&no	&no	&no &no &no &no &yes	&yes	&yes \\
\texttt{mos} (+) &no	&no	&no	&no &no &no &no &yes	&yes	&yes \\
\texttt{mnk} (+) &no	&no	&no	&no &no &no &no &yes	&yes	&yes \\
\texttt{dbk} (+) &no	&no	&no	&no &no &no &no &yes	&yes	&yes \\
\texttt{ctt} (+) &no	&no	&no	&no &no &no &no &yes	&yes	&yes \\
\texttt{ibmrus}(+)&no	&no	&no	&no &no &no &no &yes	&no	&no \\
\texttt{koi} (+) &no	&no	&no	&no &no &no &no &yes	&no	&no \\
\texttt{850}	&yes	&yes	&yes	&yes&yes&yes&yes&no	&no	&no \\
\texttt{852}	&yes	&yes	&yes	&yes&yes&no &no &no	&no	&no \\
\texttt{mac}	&yes	&yes	&yes	&yes&yes&yes&yes&no	&no	&no \\
\texttt{atari}	&yes	&yes	&yes	&yes&yes&yes&yes&no	&no	&no \\
\texttt{roman8}	&yes	&yes	&yes	&yes&yes&yes&yes&no	&no	&no \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Available Characters in Input Encodings\label{inputenc}}
\end{center}
\end{table}


\subsection{Cyrillic Text -- \xalx{Kirill "us"ag}}

\subsubsection{Cyrillic Text in Transliteration (LMC) Mode}

\MonTeX\ provides two basic modes of operation: in
\begin{itemize}\label{SetDocumentEncoding}
	\item Transliteration Mode (intimately linked to the LMC
		encoding) all incoming text is regarded as
		transliterated Cyrillic. This allows users to
		compose Cyrillic documents on pure ASCII machines.
		In contrast, the
	\item Immediate Mode does nothing and waits for explicit
		Cyrillic characters in the input in order to generate
		Cyrillic output.
\end{itemize}
Two commands are used to switch between these modes:
\begin{quote}
\begin{verbatim}
\SetDocumentEncodingLMC
\SetDocumentEncodingNeutral
\end{verbatim}
\end{quote}

The first command switches to Transliteration Mode, the second
command deactivates the transliteration and thus, by definition,
activates Immediate Mode.

In the LMC encoding, most Cyrillic characters are mapped directly to
a single Latin character but for some characters there is a text
command which became necessary since there are more Cyrillic than
Latin characters. For convenience, a few ligatures were defined, too.
Details are given in table~\ref{cyralpha}.

\input{cyralpha}

Front vowels can be entered directly using the encoding slot of a
valid and active input encoding, or they can be expressed via an
abbreviated \verb'"'\emph{v} notation where \emph{v} stands for any
desired vowel. In the \LMC\ encoding used by \MonTeX, \verb'"' is not
an active character; selecting the proper letter is done by ligature
statements in the Metafont sources.
 
Some letters can be entered with or without a preceding \verb"\",
like \cyryu\ and \cyrya. Both \verb"\yu" and \verb"yu" will produce
a \cyryu. While \verb"yu" is interpreted as a ligature, \verb"\yu"
allows for the character \cyryu\ to be combined with accents.
Accents are not commonly used in Mongolian since there are precise
rules for word stress. This feature is taken from the \textsf{OT2} encoding 
and is included mainly for the sake of completeness, convenience and
compatibility\footnote{The magic triple-C!}.

Here now a sample of Mongolian text:
\exa
	{\mnr<<Xalxyn gurwan "ond"or>> 
	x"am"a"an aldarshsan, Z"u"un xyazgaaryg
	toxinuulax sa"id N.~Dugarjaw ardyn
	xuw\i sgalyn b"u"ur "ax"an "ue"as
	xamgi"in "agz"agt"a"i am\i\ d"u"is"an
	alband tomilogdox c"ar"ag da"iny olon
	quxal daalgawryg xiq"a"ang"u"il"an
	biel"u"ulj yawsan t"u"uxt"a"i x"un.}
\exb
\begin{verbatim}
	{\mnr<<Xalxyn gurwan "ond"or>> 
	x"am"a"an aldarshsan, Z"u"un xyazgaaryg
	toxinuulax sa"id N.~Dugarjaw ardyn
	xuw\i sgalyn b"u"ur "ax"an "ue"as
	xamgi"in "agz"agt"a"i am\i\ d"u"is"an
	alband tomilogdox c"ar"ag da"iny olon
	quxal daalgawryg xiq"a"ang"u"il"an
	biel"u"ulj yawsan t"u"uxt"a"i x"un.}
\end{verbatim}
\exc

In order to make the document you are reading at the moment truly
portable, the somewhat more clumsy \verb'"'\emph{v} notation was
used in this example; if your environments supports an 8-bit
codepage (what it usually does), all front vowels can be entered
as \texttt{\"a}, \texttt{\"o} and \texttt{\"u} etc. using the
slots of those vowels in the particular active codepage.\footnote{%
	Looking at the source code of this document the astute
	reader will discover that all front vowels are indeed 
	produced using the \tttt{ "a} (etc.) notation; thus
	the document source can be viewn and manipulated on any
	7-bit ASCII platform; it can also safely be transmitted
	via e-mail.}



\subsubsection{Entering Cyrillic Text in Immediate Mode}

For freely combining Latin and Cyrillic characters without
using any explicite commands it is necessary that the codepage
in use supports some Cyrillic encoding. It should be noted,
however that these documents are not easily portable between
different platforms anymore since they need recoding; some
of the Cyrillic codepages are defective in one or the other
way thus individual characters can get lost.

\begin{sloppypar}
The user simply specifies the desired input encoding as a
\verb:\usepackage[:\emph{<encoding>}\verb:]{mls}: option, and
\MonTeX\ takes care of the rest.
It is a feature and not a bug that input encoding and document
language are chosen independently. It is well possible that a
user working on a computer with default Mongolian codepage
wants to create a document in Russian, English or any other
language yet wants to include Mongolian fragments in her text
without explicitely issuing any command.
\end{sloppypar}

In case a need arises for switching from Transliteration Mode
to Immediate Mode the command \verb:\SetDocumentEncodingNeutral:
can be issued anywhere in the preamble or the document itself;
like \verb:\SetDocumentEncodingLMC: it affects the Cyrillic
transliteration only and leaves the document language
in its chosen state.


\subsubsection{Entering Cyrillic Characters by Name}

Outside the Cyrillic environments, individual Cyrillic characters
can be entered by using the commands beginning with
\verb"\cyr"\textit{x} from the two right columns of table
\ref{cyralpha} where \textit{x} stands for the letter name.
This command works in any encoding.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% Temporarily disabled. Do we really need it?
%%
%%  \subsubsection{Choosing between MLS and LH Names}
%%  
%%  The naming conventions used in the MLS (Mongolian Language Support)
%%  system and LMC (Local Mongolian Cyrillic) character set were
%%  developed independently from the extended Cyrillic
%%  character set definition which will form the forthcoming \LaTeXe\
%%  standard Cyrillic character set. Unfortunately there are differences
%%  in certain glyph names which are sometimes ambiguous for \MonTeX\
%%  and the LH world.
%%  
%%  In order to provide compatibility with the future standard, \MonTeX\
%%  provides a switch which allows setting the desired character naming
%%  convention: \verb|\CyrLHStyle|. With the setting \verb|CyrLHStyletrue|
%%  the LH names are activated, with \verb|CyrLHStylefalse| the
%%  established MLS names as given in the right-side columns of
%%  table~\ref{cyralpha} (``Generic Command'') are selected.\footnote{%
%%  	Once it is possible to use standard \Ttwo\ fonts with
%%  	\MonTeX\ this switch will probably be set automagically.}
%%  This is necessary for backward
%%  compatibility so that existing documents should not be
%%  re-edited. The character names affected are given in
%%  table~\ref{cyrlhstyle}.
%%  
%%  \begin{table}
%%  \begin{center}
%%  \begin{tabular}{l|cccccccccccccc}
%%  \tttt{CyrLHStylefalse}&w &ye &j &ij &oe &ue &x\\
%%  \tttt{CyrLHStyletrue} &v &e &zh &ishrt &otld &y &h\\
%%  \hline
%%  \tttt{CyrLHStylefalse}&h &q &qh &xat &zln &e \\
%%  \tttt{CyrLHStyletrue} &hsha &ch &chsh &hrd &sft &e \\
%%  \end{tabular}
%%  \caption{\MonTeX\ Style and LH Style Character Names}\label{cyrlhstyle}
%%  \end{center}
%%  \end{table}

\subsubsection{Entering Special Characters}

A few special characters are available, notably the guillemots
frequently used for quoting text, the currency symbol and the
ordinal number symbol. See table~\ref{SpecialCharacters}.

\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cll}
	Symbol	&	Symbolic Command	& Alternative\\
	\mnr\lgu&	\verb|\lgu|		& \verb|<<|\\
	\mnr\rgu&	\verb|\rgu|		& \verb|>>|\\
	\No	&	\verb|\No|		& \\
	\Togrog	&	\verb|\Togrog|		& \\
	\togrog	&	\verb|\togrog|		& \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{\MonTeX\ Special Characters\label{SpecialCharacters}}
\end{center}
\end{table}

The command producing the guillemots (\verb|\lgu|, \verb|\rgu|)
\emph{only} works in a Cyrillic environment --- it is not a generic
command.

There are actually two versions of the \verb|\togrog| command. While
\verb|\Togrog| produces a sans serif \Togrog\ (considered standard)
with any font selected it is also possible to print
	serif (\MyTogrog),
	italic (\textit{\MyTogrog})
and typewriter (\texttt{\MyTogrog}) versions of this
symbol.\footnote{The currency symbol is not limited to these three
	typefaces; all typefaces can be selected.}
For achieving this result the commands \verb|\MyTogrog| and \verb|\mytogrog| 
are available. Unlike the standard command they simply pick the
current font style of the surrounding letters for the currency
symbol.

\subsubsection{Running Text with Embedded Words in Different Encodings}

Independently of the document language it is possible to produce
portions of Cyrillic text within Latin text and vice versa.
The two commands \verb"\mnr" and \verb"\rnm" switch from ordinary
Latin text to transliterated Cyrillic text and back to Latin text.
The command stands for \emph{m}ongolian \emph{n}ew \emph{r}omanization
and its reversal (which can, by accident, also be read as
\emph{r}eturn to \emph{n}or\emph{m}al). They can be used as stream
commands or for initializing groups:\label{mnrnm}

\exa
	\mnr mongol x"al ba \rnm english
	text with a {\mnr mongol} word
	inserted 
\exb
	\begin{verbatim}
	\mnr mongol x"al ba \rnm english
	text with a {\mnr mongol} word
	inserted 
	\end{verbatim}
\exc

For enhanced convenience, portions of text can also be encapsulated
into the commands \verb"\xalx{...}" for Cyrillic text and
\verb"\lat{...}" for neutral (i.~e. Latin) texts.\label{capsules}

The commands \verb"\mnr", \verb"\rnm", \verb"\xalx{...}" and
\verb"\lat{...}" do \emph{not} switch the default encoding; this 
shows up when a construct like \verb:\lat{\verb|article|}: is placed
in Transliteration Mode; the result will be \texttt{\xalx{article}}
rather than \texttt{article}; in order to generate the desired form,
the mode switching commands must be used.


\subsubsection{Font Selection Commands}

The Cyrillic fonts are set up in a manner which allows for seamless
switching between Roman and Cyrillic typefaces. The font switching
commands used for modifying typefaces (by \verb"\text..") are
completely transparent to the encoding; no precaution whatsoever has
to be taken.  Most of the
typefaces supplied with the traditional \textsf{OT1} encoding are
also available for \MonTeX; Dunhill and Funny Roman are included.\footnote{%
	A complete overview of the NFSS classification of the
	Computer Modern fonts can be found in The \LaTeX\ Companion,
	by Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin,
	Addison-Wesley 1994, p.~181.}
\MonTeX\ offers the following font families:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l|l}
\verb'\fontfamily{...}' parameter & Family Description \\
\hline
	cmr  & Computer Modern Serif\\
	cmss & Computer Modern Sans Serif\\
	cmtt & computer Modern Typewriter\\
	cmvtt& Computer Modern Variable Width Typewriter\\
	cmfr & Computer Modern Funny\\
	cmfib& Computer Modern Fibonacci\\
	cmdh & Computer Modern Dunhill\\
	cmssq& Computer Modern Sans Serif Quotation Style 8pt\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

The word ``Roman'' was avoided since in \MonTeX\ these families
also cover matching typefaces in Cyrillic script. The first three
families have support for combinations of different weights and
shapes (e.\,g. bold and italic) whereas the other series usually
only offer an italic variant. The Sans Serif Quotation Style 8pt
typeface is not by default installed in standard \LaTeX\
distributions hence it cannot be guaranteed that switching to and
from Cyrillic letters maintains the typeface. The fonts (upright and
slanted) can be accessed via the \verb|\fontfamily{cmssq}| command
but are not shown in table~\ref{typeface}. See table~\ref{typeface}
for a therefore incomplete list of available typeface examples.

\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75cm}p{7cm}|p{1.5cm}p{1.5cm}|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Family and Command Example}&
		\multicolumn{2}{c|}{Typeface Examples} \\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Computer Modern Serif}&& \\
cmr	& (default)		&        {\Tw}&       {\Wt}\\
	& \tttt{ textbf\{...\}}& \textbf{\Tw}&\textbf{\Wt}\\
	& \tttt{ textsl\{...\}}& \textsl{\Tw}&\textsl{\Wt}\\
	& \tttt{ textsc\{...\}}& \textsc{\Tw}&\textsc{\Wt}\\
	& \tttt{ textit\{...\}}& \textit{\Tw}&\textit{\Wt}\\
	& \tttt{ fontseries\{bx\}\char92 textit\{...\}}&
		\fs{bx}\textit{\Tw}&\fs{bx}\textit{\Wt}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\ifthenelse{\value{FontSamples}>1}{%
\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75cm}p{7cm}|p{1.5cm}p{1.5cm}|}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Computer Modern Typewriter}&& \\
cmtt	& \tttt{texttt\{...}\}& \texttt{\Tw}&\texttt{\Wt}\\
	& \tttt{texttt\{\char92textit\{...\}\}}&
		\texttt{\textit{\Tw}}&\texttt{\textit{\Wt}}\\
	& \tttt{texttt\{\char92textsl\{...\}\}}&
		\texttt{\textsl{\Tw}}&\texttt{\textsl{\Wt}}\\
	& \tttt{texttt\{\char92textsc\{...\}\}}&
		 \texttt{\textsc{\Tw}}&\texttt{\textsc{\Wt}}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}{\rule{0mm}{4ex}Computer Modern Typewriter example suspended\dots}

\ifthenelse{\value{FontSamples}>2}{%
\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75cm}p{7cm}|p{1.5cm}p{1.5cm}|}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Computer Modern Variable Width Typewriter}&& \\
cmvtt	& \tttt{ fontfamily\{cmvtt\}...}&
		\ff{cmvtt}\Tw&\ff{cmvtt}\Wt\\
	& \tttt{ fontfamily\{cmvtt\}\char92 textit\{...\}}&
		\ff{cmvtt}\textit{\Tw}&\ff{cmvtt}\textit{\Wt}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}{\rule{0mm}{4ex}Computer Modern Variable Width
	Typewriter example suspended\dots}

\ifthenelse{\value{FontSamples}>3}{%
\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75cm}p{7cm}|p{1.5cm}p{1.5cm}|}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Computer Modern Sans}&& \\
cmss	& \tttt{ textsf\{...\}}	&
		\textsf{\Tw}&\textsf{\Wt}\\	
	& \tttt{ textsf\{\char92 textsl\{...\}\}}&
		\textsf{\textsl{\Tw}}&\textsf{\textsl{\Wt}}\\	
	& \tttt{ textsf\{\char92 fontseries\{bx\}...\}}&
		\textsf{\fs{bx}\Tw}&\textsf{\fs{bx}\Wt}\\
	& \tttt{ textsf\{\char92 fontseries\{sbc\}...\}}&
		\textsf{\fs{sbc}\Tw}&\textsf{\fs{sbc}\Wt}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}{\rule{0mm}{4ex}Computer Modern Sans example suspended\dots}

\ifthenelse{\value{FontSamples}>4}{%
\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75cm}p{7cm}|p{1.5cm}p{1.5cm}|}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Computer Modern Funny}&& \\
cmfr	& \tttt{ fontfamily\{cmfr\}...}&
		\ff{cmfr}\Tw&\ff{cmfr}\Wt\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}{\rule{0mm}{4ex}Computer Modern Funny example suspended\dots%
	For printing the Modern Funny example
	the user is required to edit this file
	(\texttt{montex.tex}) at line 26 and set the value
	of \texttt{fontSamples} to ``5''.}

\ifthenelse{\value{FontSamples}>5}{%
\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75cm}p{7cm}|p{1.5cm}p{1.5cm}|}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Computer Modern Dunhill}&& \\
cmdh	& \tttt{ fontfamily\{cmdh\}...}&
		\ff{cmdh}\TW&\ff{cmdh}\WT\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}{\rule{0mm}{4ex}Computer Modern Dunhill example suspended\dots%
	For printing the Modern Dunhill example
	the user is required to edit this file
	(\texttt{montex.tex}) at line 26 and set the value
	of \texttt{fontSamples} to ``6''.}

\caption{Typefaces are consistent for both Cyrillic and Latin.\label{typeface}}
\end{center}
\end{table}

Besides these transparent commands for scalable fonts \MonTeX\ also
offers two inch-high variants of bold Computer Modern Sans typefaces
for Latin and Cyrillic: \verb|\cminch| and \verb|kminch|. These
commands bypass the NFSS font setup and should only be used for book
titles etc. The command sequence \verb|{\cminch AB} {\kminch AB}|
produces the following output:\label{cminchkminch}

\vspace{5mm}
\begin{center}
{\cminch AB} {\kminch AB}
\end{center}
\vspace{5mm}

\subsubsection{Shorthands for embedding words in a different
		typeface}\label{typefacecapsules}

Sometimes it may be necessary to give short portions of text not
only in a different encoding (for which the \verb:\lat{...}:
and \verb:\mnr{...}: commands are
useful) but it may also be necessary to switch the typeface
temporarily. Usually capsules using \verb'\text'\emph{xx} do the
work if only the typeface is concerned, and building nested commands
like \verb'\textsf{\lat{...}}' is cumbersome if these changes have
to be applied very often. \MonTeX\ provides an abbreviated style
following the rule 
\begin{quote}
	\texttt{[k|l]}\emph{two letter font style code}\verb'{...}'
\end{quote}
where the font style code is one of
	\verb'rm',
	\verb'bf',
	\verb'it',
	\verb'sl',
	\verb'sf',
	\verb'sc' and
	\verb'tt',
like \verb'\ksl{...}', \verb'\lsc{...}', etc.


\subsubsection{Shorthands for writing transliterated texts}

\MonTeX\ provides shortcuts for writing certain accented symbols
used in conventional transliterating of Mongolian by 
haceks, the nasal and the gamma. These shortcuts are essentially
mnemonics replacing the somewhat more tedious accent notation (see
table~\ref{shortcuts}).

\begin{table}
\begin{center}\begin{tabular}{ll|ll}
%\hline
Letter	& Input 	& Letter	& Input \\
	&		&		&\\
\hline
	&		&		&\\
\ch 	& \verb"\ch"	& \Ch		& \verb"\Ch" \\
\jh 	& \verb"\jh"	& \Jh		& \verb"\Jh" \\
\sh 	& \verb"\sh"	& \Sh		& \verb"\Sh" \\
\zh 	& \verb"\zh"	& \Zh		& \verb"\Zh" \\
\ng 	& \verb"\ng"	& \Ng		& \verb"\Ng" \\
\g	& \verb"\g"	&		&	\\
%\hline
\end{tabular}\end{center}
\caption{Shortcuts for Transliteration Symbols\label{shortcuts}}
\end{table}

It must be observed that these commands are by default dependent on
the environment they are used in. \verb"\Sh" yields a \Sh\ when used
in a Latin environment but results in a \mnr\Sh\rnm\ when used in a
Cyrillic context\footnote{The authors wish to thank J.~Knappen for
resolving one instability in the original code for these letters.}:

\exa
	\emph{\Sh agdar} and \emph{\Ch adraa}
	are transliterations for
	{\mnr\Sh agdar} and {\mnr\Ch adraa}.
\exb
	\begin{verbatim}
	\emph{\Sh agdar} and \emph{\Ch adraa}
	are transliterations for
	{\mnr\Sh agdar} and {\mnr\Ch adraa}.
	\end{verbatim}
\exc


All accented characters which are contained in the \textsf{T1} encoding
or can be generated out of these via accents can be produced. This comes
in conveniently for transliterating Oirat texts which needs vowels with
double diacritics, like \rule{0mm}{2.5ex}\={\"a} which can be entered as
any combination of two nested accent commands (like \verb:\={\"a}:)
or one accent command and a vowel with diacritics (provided an 8-bit
input codepage is available).


\subsubsection{Numbering by Cyrillic letters}

Analogous to the \verb:\Alpha: command which provides an alphabetical
counter in English, \MonTeX\ features counters for Buryat, Modern
Mongolian, and Russian.
\begin{description}
	\item [Buryat]\label{Uzeg}
	The counter for Buryat is invoked with
	\verb"\Uzeg{"\emph{n}\verb|}| or
	\verb"\uzeg{"\emph{n}\verb|}| and is valid for $1\le n\le32$.

	\def\NR #1{$^{#1}$\Uzeg{#1}/\uzeg{#1}}
	\begin{tabular}{cccccc}
	\NR{1} &\NR{2} &\NR{3} &\NR{4} & \NR{5}&\NR{6} \\
	\NR{7} &\NR{8} &\NR{9} &\NR{10}&\NR{11}&\NR{12}\\
	\NR{13}&\NR{14}&\NR{15}&\NR{16}&\NR{17}&\NR{18}\\
	\NR{19}&\NR{20}&\NR{21}&\NR{22}&\NR{23}&\NR{24}\\
	\NR{25}&\NR{26}&\NR{27}&\NR{28}&\NR{29}&\NR{30}\\
	\NR{31}&\NR{32}\\
	\end{tabular}

	\item [Modern Mongolian]\label{Useg}
	The counter for Modern Mongolian is invoked with
	\verb"\Useg{"\emph{n}\verb|}| or
	\verb"\useg{"\emph{n}\verb|}| and is valid for $1\le n\le31$.

	\def\NR #1{$^{#1}$\Useg{#1}/\useg{#1}}
	\begin{tabular}{cccccc}
	\NR{1} &\NR{2} &\NR{3} &\NR{4} & \NR{5}&\NR{6} \\
	\NR{7} &\NR{8} &\NR{9} &\NR{10}&\NR{11}&\NR{12}\\
	\NR{13}&\NR{14}&\NR{15}&\NR{16}&\NR{17}&\NR{18}\\
	\NR{19}&\NR{20}&\NR{21}&\NR{22}&\NR{23}&\NR{24}\\
	\NR{25}&\NR{26}&\NR{27}&\NR{28}&\NR{29}&\NR{30}\\
	\NR{31}\\
	\end{tabular}

	\item [Russian]\label{Asbuk}
	The counter for Russian is invoked with
	\verb"\Asbuk{"\emph{n}\verb|}| or
	\verb"\asbuk{"\emph{n}\verb|}| and is valid for $1\le n\le28$.

	\def\NR #1{$^{#1}$\Asbuk{#1}/\asbuk{#1}}
	\begin{tabular}{cccccc}
	\NR{1} &\NR{2} &\NR{3} &\NR{4} & \NR{5}&\NR{6} \\
	\NR{7} &\NR{8} &\NR{9} &\NR{10}&\NR{11}&\NR{12}\\
	\NR{13}&\NR{14}&\NR{15}&\NR{16}&\NR{17}&\NR{18}\\
	\NR{19}&\NR{20}&\NR{21}&\NR{22}&\NR{23}&\NR{24}\\
	\NR{25}&\NR{26}&\NR{27}&\NR{28}\\
	\end{tabular}
\end{description}

\newpage
\subsection{Mongolian Script Support -- \bcg{mongGol bicig}}\label{bcg}

Beginning with Implementation Level II \MonTeX\ provides Mongolian
Script support. Mongolian Script can be used in running text like
\marginpar{\mbosoo{mongGol}\mbosoo{bicig}

		\vspace{2.54mm}

		\raggedright\small
		without PostScript support Mongolian text enclosed in
		vertical capsules will be printed \emph{horizontally}!}
this: \bcg{mongGol bicig}, and if your system supports
PostScript, it can even be encapsulated in vertical
capsules containing one word or a short series of words, like in
the keyword entry of dictionaries.\footnote{Famous dictionaries with
	a mixture of vertical and horizontal printing are I.~J.~Schmidt's
	Mongolian-Russian-German dictionary (1835) and F.~Lessing's
Mongolian-English dictionary (1960).} See chapter \ref{VerticalCapsules}
for the necessary commands. Vertical capsules like these \mbosoo{mongGol}
\mbosoo{bicig} (\textit{mong\g ol bicig}) can appear anywhere in your
text; line spacing etc. will adapt automatically. It is also
possible to create margin notes with Mongolian Script.


\subsubsection{Mongolian Script Fundamentals}

Mongolian Script, or \emph{bicig}, is a writing with an intriguing
and complex relationship between the canonical letters of
the alphabet and their presentations in context. Virtually any canonical
letter can assume several shapes. As a rule of thumb, there are
three or four basic shapes: the letter in isolated form, the letter
in initial, medial and final position of a word. Only a few letters
stay the same, and in rare cases there are up to ten possibilities
for representing a single letter.

On the other hand, some letters share the same shape in different
contexts; one so-called \emph{glyph} can represent more than one
letter, sometimes three or four different letters.

Decomposing the writing system and using glyphs as the atoms of
writing is a feasible way of writing Mongolian script. \MonTeX\
provides a transliteration engine but can also use the glyph
input method developed for the MLS system. A complete guide to
the principles of glyph analysis can be found in the MLS Report
by one of the authors.\footnote{Oliver Corff: MLS Report. UNU/IIST
Report No.~8, Macau 1993}

In \MonTeX, Mongolian script  can be entered
in three ways, either by writing transliterated Mongolian, by an
approximated symbol for every glyph or by generic name.
\MonTeX\ features a rather simple-minded Transliteration Mode
for Mongolian Script; every input which consists only of letters,
digits and punctuation marks is accepted, \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ commands
make the system derail.


\subsubsection{Entering Mongolian Script in Transliteration Mode}

\begin{sloppypar}
In Transliteration Mode (activated with the commands \verb|\bcg{...}|
or \verb|\mbosoo{...}|)\label{mbosoo} Mongolian text portions can be
entered using
a transliteration which is a rough approximation to the MLS system.
The major difference is that only pure Latin alphabetical symbols
can be used for virtually all letters. Front vowels are either
entered via the traditional vowels with diacritics (\emph{\"a, \"o, \"u})
or can be entered with capitalized versions of the normal vowels.
Capitalized letters have to be used for entering 
{\g} and {\sh} which are entered as \textit{G} and \textit{S}.
Special variants for certain letters can be selected with
Form Variant Selectors. Examples
are given in section~\ref{bicig-examples}.\footnote{%
	The suggested solution has the advantage that it
	can be used on computers featuring codepages without umlaut 
	symbols as most of the Cyrillic code pages are `defective'
	in this point.}
\end{sloppypar}

The available Mongolian characters (\emph{ca\g an tolu\g ai}) are shown
in table~\ref{bcgcagan}.\footnote{The alphabetical arrangement follows
large that given on p.~17 of N.~Poppe's \textit{Grammar of Written 
Mongolian}, Wiesbaden 1954, 1964, 1974 (third printing). Letters not
given there are appended to Poppe's list.}

\input{bcgcagan}

\subsubsection{Entering Mongolian Script in Immediate Mode}

For freely combining Mongolian Script with other characters without
using any explicite commands it is necessary that the codepage in use
supports Mongolian Script glyphs; currently this is the MLS codepage.
The MLS input encoding is specified like \verb:\usepackage[mls]{mls}:.
As with Cyrillic codepages it should be noted that these documents are
not easily portable between different platforms anymore since they cannot
be recoded at ease. See table~\ref{bcgalpha} for a list of available symbols.


\subsubsection{Entering Mongolian Script by Symbol or Name}

Without MLS codepage support, Mongolian words can also be entered using
the \verb"\glyphbcg{...}" command in running text. Within these groups,
Mongolian Script glyphs are entered in the form of approximated
symbols; sometimes these symbols reflect the underlying canonical
letter, sometimes functional equivalents (for punctuation marks
etc.) are chosen; sometimes there is no evident relation between
glyph and input symbol simply because a free slot within the ASCII range
$\le127$ was chosen. Please consult table~\ref{bcgalpha} for a list
of available glyphs and their input equivalents.

Without any preparations on the side of the text environment it is
possible to enter individual Mongolian glyphs by name in a way
similar for that of entering Cyrillic characters; the Mongolian
glyph names can be found in table~\ref{bcgalpha}. Thus,
\verb|\shilbe| produces a \shilbe. A number in the
MLS column indicates the encoding position of the MLS codepage; a
missing number in this column indicates that the glyph is part of
extended \MonTeX\ glyph set without being part of the original MLS.
%\newpage

\input{bcgalpha}


\subsubsection{Entering Mongolian Script Special Symbols}

For the correct operation of retransliterating systems processing
Mongolian script additional symbols are needed. These include
Form Variant Selectors (\textsf{FVS}), the Vowel Separator, and
other symbols like the Mongolian Positional Indicator. As can be
seen from its usage in table~\ref{bcgcagan}, entering \verb|*ng|
tells the system to consider this \emph{ng} to be in non-initial
position.\footnote{Unfortunately, though it is now commonly
agreed in the scientific community that these symbols are needed,
their definition is still in a state of flux, and thus the symbols
given here are presented on a preliminary basis.}

Besides these symbols, table~\ref{LMS-SpecialSymbols} includes
also some useful punctuation marks etc.\ as they are used in
Mongolian Script.

\begin{longtable}{|c|l|l|}
\hline\endhead
\hline\endfirsthead
\hline\endfoot
\hline\endlastfoot
 Symbol		& Name			& Input		\\
 \hline
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{!}}	& Exclamation Mark	& \verb|!|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{?}}	& Question Mark		& \verb|?|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{!?}}	& Exclamation Question Mark& \verb|!?|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{?!}}	& Question Exclamation Mark& \verb|?!|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{*}}	& Mong. Positional Indicator& \verb|*|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{\char32}}	& Mongolian Space	& \verb*|-|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{(}}	& Opening Bracket	& \verb|(|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{)}}	& Closing Bracket	& \verb|)|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{<}}	& Opening Angle Bracket	& \verb|<|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{>}}	& Closing Angle Bracket	& \verb|>|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{<<}}	& Opening Guillemot	& \verb|<<|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{>>}}	& Closing Guillemot	& \verb|>>|	\\
% \bosoo{\glyphbcg{\{}}	& Opening Parenthesis	& \verb|{|	\\
% \bosoo{\glyphbcg{\}}}	& Closing Parenthesis	& \verb|}|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{'}}	& Form Variant Selector 1& \verb|'|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{"}}	& Form Variant Selector 2& \verb|"|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{\char43}}& Mong. Vowel Separator	& \verb|=|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{|}}	& Mongolian Nuruu	& \verb'|'	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{.}}	& Period		& \verb|.|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{,}}	& Comma			& \verb|,|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{:}}	& Colon			& \verb|:|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{;}}	& D\"orw\"oljin		& \verb|;|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{..}}	& Ellipsis		& \verb|..|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{0}}	& Digit zero		& \verb|0|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{1}}	& Digit one		& \verb|1|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{2}}	& Digit two		& \verb|2|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{3}}	& Digit three		& \verb|3|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{4}}	& Digit four		& \verb|4|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{5}}	& Digit five		& \verb|5|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{6}}	& Digit six		& \verb|6|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{7}}	& Digit seven		& \verb|7|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{8}}	& Digit eight		& \verb|8|	\\
  \bosoo{\glyphbcg{9}}	& Digit nine		& \verb|9|	\\
  \hline
\caption{Mongolian Script Special Symbols and Punctuation
	Marks}\label{LMS-SpecialSymbols}
\end{longtable}


\subsubsection{Displaying Transliterations}

For huge word lists and similar material it is convenient to enter
the transliteration only once and use it as input both for the
Mongolian retransliteration engine and the presentation of the
transliteration. A construct like

\exa
	\vspace{8mm}
	\newcommand{\Keyword}[1]{#1 \bcg{#1}}
	
	\Keyword{anda} / \emph{Looks nice.}

	\Keyword{SaGdur} / \emph{Not as nice.}
\exb
	\begin{verbatim}
	\newcommand{\Keyword}[1]{#1 \bcg{#1}}
	
	\Keyword{anda} / \emph{Looks nice.}

	\Keyword{SaGdur} / \emph{Not as nice.}
	\end{verbatim}
\exc

is helpful as long as no capitalized single-letter entity is used.
Capitalized entities look less pleasing in conventional texts; for
these purposes, the command \verb|\PrettyMLS| is provided which
takes input with single-letters entities and converts it to a
more traditional representation.\label{PrettyMLS}


\exa
	\vspace{5mm}
	\newcommand{\Keyword}[1]{%
		\PrettyMLS{#1} \bcg{#1}}
	\Keyword{anda} / \emph{Good.}\par
	\Keyword{SaGdur} / \emph{Good again.}
\exb
	\begin{verbatim}
	\newcommand{\Keyword}[1]{%
		\PrettyMLS{#1} \bcg{#1}}
	\Keyword{anda} / \emph{Good.}\par
	\Keyword{SaGdur} / \emph{Good again.}
	\end{verbatim}
\exc

Two additional flags, \verb|\ShowSpecialMLStrue|  and
\verb|\ShowSpecialMLSfalse|, can be used to activate canonical
identifiers instead of the conventional notation for the special
characters of table~\ref{LMS-SpecialSymbols}.\label{ShowSpecialMLS}

\exa
	\PrettyMLS{SaGdur blam=a}

	\vspace{8mm}
	\ShowSpecialMLStrue
	\PrettyMLS{SaGdur blam=a}

	\vspace{8mm}
	\ShowSpecialMLSfalse
	\PrettyMLS{SaGdur blam=a}
\exb
	\begin{verbatim}
	\PrettyMLS{SaGdur blam=a}

	\ShowSpecialMLStrue
	\PrettyMLS{SaGdur blam=a}

	\ShowSpecialMLSfalse
	\PrettyMLS{SaGdur blam=a}
	\end{verbatim}
\exc

The complete set of characters covered by \verb|\PrettyMLS| is shown
in table~\ref{PrettyMLS-Table}.

\input pretty.tex

\subsubsection{Text in Vertical Capsules\label{VerticalCapsules}}\label{bosoo}

With PostScript support, it is possible to create vertical capsules
containing short portions of text (typically one or two words);
the commands \verb"\bosoo{...}" does not change the current encoding
and can be used for non-Mongolian words whereas \verb"\mbosoo{...}"
sets the encoding temporarily to \LMS. Accepting the same input as
\verb"\bcg{...}", writing \verb"\mbosoo" is simply a shortcut for writing
\verb"\bosoo{\bcg{...}}" and facilitates the printing of individual
Mongolian words in vertical appearance.

\subsection{Mongolian Script Input Examples}\label{bicig-examples}

\textbf{Nota bene}: The following examples are all given in horizontal 
mode. It is visible that grammatical endings are always separated by
\verb|-| whereas final vowels are separated from the stem by \verb|=|.
Form Variant Selector are used for differentiating between various
forms of the same letter in similar environments; \verb|Ed'| \bcg{Ed'}
and \verb|sayid| \bcg{sayid} will show you the difference. Without
the Form Variant Selector, *\verb|Ed| and \verb|on| will be the same:
\bcg{on}.

\exa
	\raggedright
	\bcg{mongGol bicig. ulaGanbaGatur
	xota bol mongGol ulus-un nEyislEl.
	Ed'-Un zasaG, sayid. EngkEbayar.

	1999 on.

	40 tOgOrOg 20 mOnggU. bUri.

	blam=a badm=a.

	utasu: 00976,1,321654}
\exb
	\begin{verbatim}
	\raggedright
	\bcg{mongGol bicig. ulaGanbaGatur
	xota bol mongGol ulus-un nEyislEl.
	Ed'-Un zasaG, sayid. EngkEbayar.

	1999 on.

	40 tOgOrOg 20 mOnggU. bUri.

	blam=a badm=a.

	utasu: 00976,1,321654}
	\end{verbatim}
\exc

\section{External Support Software}

With \MonTeX, it is still possible to process documents generated
with the MLS software package. The MLS converter produces Cyrillic
and Mongolian Script texts out of transliterations using 
the MLS codepage. Documents encoded in MLS can be directly
processed, no further conversion is necessary.


\section{Shortcomings, Desiderata, Bugs and Error Reporting}

\subsection{Hyphenation Patterns}

The Mongolian hyphenation patterns delivered with \MonTeX\ are still
under development, so please expect occasional hyphenation errors.
It must be also noted that for proper hyphenation of critical words
\sh\ should be entered as \verb|\sh|, not as \verb|sh| since the
first is a character command processed by \LaTeXe\ while the latter
is a ligature processed by Metafont. If a wrong hyphenation is
spotted please check first whether the word in question contains
ligature statements (\verb|sh|, \verb|ya|, \verb|yu| etc.) which
should then replaced by the proper character commands. It is usually
sufficient to add a leading back slash and include the entity in
braces: \verb|{\ya}| is as good as \verb*|\ya |.

Hyphenation patterns for Russian exist but are still to be
re-encoded in LMC encoding; Buryat hyphenation rules are still to be
defined.

\subsection{Retransliteration Problems}

Apart from being incomplete as far as some arcane writing variants
are concerned, the retransliteration engine provided with \MonTeX\
has two serious shortcomings. Firstly, the input can only consist of
letters, punctuation marks and numbers. Any \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ command
(including \verb|\"a| for \emph{\"a} and friends) makes the
retransliteration engine fail. Secondly, for large quantities
of text, the retransliteration system is agonizingly slow.

\subsection{Missing Caption Definitions}

The translated captions provided with \MonTeX\ are not completely
translated at the moment. Notably \tttt{ccname} and
\tttt{headtoname} are missing in Mongolian and Buryat,
mainly due to grammatical reasons. This will be fixed in later versions.


\subsection{Page Headers and Text Encodings}

In rare cases it is possible that a \verb|\section| text which
is supposed to be typeset in Cyrillic letters is output in Latin
letters. This happens if the text on that very page contains encoding
selection commands which happen to fall near the page boundary. The
only remedy is to enclose the argument text in an additional
\verb|{\mnr ...}| (or vice versa for Latin) command.


\subsection{The \texttt{kminch} Font}

The Cyrillic typefaces of \MonTeX\ are completed by inch-high sans
serif capital letters good for book titles etc. Unfortunately, it
cannot be used orthogonally with the other fonts in \Tone\ (Latin
characters) and \LMC\ (Cyrillic characters)
encoding since its definition is based on \TeX\ primitives rather
than \LaTeXe's NFSS font selection scheme.

\subsection{The \emph{gamma} and its Shape}

The original \TeX\ environment only provides an italic gamma
which is intended for the math mode. This gamma is used for
transliterating Mongolian; it does not perfectly blend into roman
text. The \texttt{tipa} provides a gamma which goes better with
roman text. If \texttt{tipa} is installed on your system then
uncomment lines 18 and 42 of this file.


\begin{quote}
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
%\usepackage[T3,LMS,LMC,T1]{fontenc}	% <- Uncomment these lines
\usepackage[latin1]{mls}		%    if you use the TIPA
%\usepackage[noenc]{tipa}		% <- package. Check line 42
[...]
%
% You obtain a nicer `gamma' by uncommenting the following line
% but if you do so make sure the TIPA package gets included.
% You should then uncomment line no. 18 of this file.
%
%\renewcommand{\g}{\textipa{\textgamma}}

\end{verbatim}
\end{quote}


\subsection{Error Message \texttt{option clash}}

The interaction of \MonTeX\ with other language support packages for
\LaTeXe\ has not been thoroughly tested and problems may well arise
from using conflicting commands, character presentations etc. One known
constellation causing concern is the \texttt{tipa} package. This
package calls \texttt{fontenc} with its own options producing an
option clash. In this case follow the instructions given in the 
\texttt{tipa} manual and start the \texttt{tipa} package with the
\texttt{noenc} option. The following excerpt from a document
preamble is known to work:
\begin{quote}
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[T3,LMS,LMC,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[latin1]{mls}
\usepackage[noenc]{tipa}
\end{verbatim}
\end{quote}



\subsection{Error Message \tttt{selectlanguage}}

There seem to be differences in the nature of installed \LaTeXe\
platforms; emtex shows a behaviour different from teTeX with regard
to pre-loaded language options. On teTeX systems, no error message
concerning the redefinition of the \texttt{selectlanguage} command
occurs, on emtex systems such a message may occur if no other
language support packages are loaded. This error message can be
safely ignored but the author hopes to find a solution later.


\subsection{Printer Memory Overflow}

Depending on the printing system it may happen that a Printer Memory
Overflow message is generated when attempting to print this text. So
far, this happened only on emtex systems running on plain
\textsf{DOS}. This is an exceptional situation caused by the very
high number of fonts used for this document. The error message never
occurred on systems with PostScript postprocessing of the DVI file.

It is very simple and straightforward to reduce the number of
typeface examples of this document. Near the beginning of the source
file of this very text, the lines

\begin{quote}
\begin{verbatim}
% If emtex goofs with (printer) memory overflow
% when attempting to print this document then
% set the following number to "1", recompile and
% increase the number step by step until all
% examples are printed. The maximum value is 6.

\newcounter{FontSamples}
\setcounter{FontSamples}{6} % <--- Modify this number!
\end{verbatim}
\end{quote}

can be found. It is now possible to increase the number of printed
typeface samples step by step until either memory saturation is
reached or the system manages to print all fonts. In addition, it
should be noted that printing this documentation for the first time
may take some time until all fonts are computed.

\subsection{Error Reports}

Time is a most precious resource and one of the main reasons why the
authors decided \emph{not} to support other environments than
\LaTeXe. If \MonTeX\ does not work for you because you use a \LaTeX
209 installation, or expect to find a working system for plain \TeX\
support, then the author cannot assist you beyond the advice to
install the most recent version of \LaTeXe.

If you find a bug or think a feature is missing which you'd like to
see included then your comments are most welcome. One of the authors
can be reached by e-mail (\texttt{corff@zedat.fu-berlin.de}), and
available updates will appear in Infosystem Mongolei
(\texttt{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/\~{}corff}). Please check the MLS
directory for available releases and patches.

\vspace{1cm}

\hfill\parbox{6cm}{\kit{Migj"ad Janra"isig Burxny m"almi"i
				n"a"as"an o"in "olzi"it"a"i "od"or
				biqiw.}}


\newpage
\section{Commands in Alphabetical Order}

All user level commands available in \MonTeX\ are given here in
alphabetical order. Every entry in the following list has up to
seven sections which are only present if necessary:
\begin{description}
	\item [Synopsis] shows the usage of the command;
	\item [Function] states its purpose and function;
	\item [Limitations] in functional range, allowed
			input etc. are stated here;
	\item [Comments] and additional information about
			purpose and nature of the command;
	\item [Related commands] in the command reference;
	\item [See page] of the main text;
	\item [Example] shows a typical application. If several
		related commands have the same usage and
		command syntax, then only one example is
		given which is typically found at the first
		place a command is mentioned. One example
		is the command for numbering by letters:
		The commands \verb|\Asbuk|, \verb|\Useg| and
		\verb|Uzeg| are similar, and an example is only
		given under \verb|\Asbuk|.
\end{description}

\input{comref.tex}

\end{document}
