%%
%% This is file `apsrev4-1long.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `head,lang,annote,pres,pres-bf,seq-no,vonx,ed-au,jnrlst,nmft,nmft-def,fnm-def,nmfted,nmand-rm,lab,lab-def,and-rm,yr-par,date-nil-x,tit-qq,inproceedings-chapter,article-title-o,inproceedings-chapter,article-booktitle,article-series,jttl-rm,journal-address,book-bt,thesis-title-o,trtit-b,techreport-institution-par,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,book-editor-booktitle,inbook-editor-booktitle,bookaddress,num-xser,number-cap,chapter-cap,series-number,numser-booktitle,ser-vol,ser-rm,volume-cap,ser-ed,jnm-x,pg-bk,book-chapter-pages,pub-date,ay-empty-pub-parens-x,pre-pub,pre-edn,isbn,issn,doi-link,doi,edby,blk-com,fin-endbibitem,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-it,revdata,eprint,url,url-blk,translation,SLACcitation,numpages-x,url,url-prefix-x,bibinfo,bibfield,nfss,,{}')
%% physjour.mbs  (with options: `lang,annote,pres,pres-bf,seq-no,vonx,ed-au,jnrlst,nmft,nmft-def,fnm-def,nmfted,nmand-rm,lab,lab-def,and-rm,yr-par,date-nil-x,tit-qq,inproceedings-chapter,article-title-o,inproceedings-chapter,article-booktitle,article-series,jttl-rm,journal-address,book-bt,thesis-title-o,trtit-b,techreport-institution-par,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,book-editor-booktitle,inbook-editor-booktitle,bookaddress,num-xser,number-cap,chapter-cap,series-number,numser-booktitle,ser-vol,ser-rm,volume-cap,ser-ed,jnm-x,pg-bk,book-chapter-pages,pub-date,ay-empty-pub-parens-x,pre-pub,pre-edn,isbn,issn,doi-link,doi,edby,blk-com,fin-endbibitem,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-it,revdata,eprint,url,url-blk,translation,SLACcitation,numpages-x,url,url-prefix-x,bibinfo,bibfield,nfss,,{}')
%% geojour.mbs  (with options: `lang,annote,pres,pres-bf,seq-no,vonx,ed-au,jnrlst,nmft,nmft-def,fnm-def,nmfted,nmand-rm,lab,lab-def,and-rm,yr-par,date-nil-x,tit-qq,inproceedings-chapter,article-title-o,inproceedings-chapter,article-booktitle,article-series,jttl-rm,journal-address,book-bt,thesis-title-o,trtit-b,techreport-institution-par,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,book-editor-booktitle,inbook-editor-booktitle,bookaddress,num-xser,number-cap,chapter-cap,series-number,numser-booktitle,ser-vol,ser-rm,volume-cap,ser-ed,jnm-x,pg-bk,book-chapter-pages,pub-date,ay-empty-pub-parens-x,pre-pub,pre-edn,isbn,issn,doi-link,doi,edby,blk-com,fin-endbibitem,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-it,revdata,eprint,url,url-blk,translation,SLACcitation,numpages-x,url,url-prefix-x,bibinfo,bibfield,nfss,,{}')
%% photjour.mbs  (with options: `lang,annote,pres,pres-bf,seq-no,vonx,ed-au,jnrlst,nmft,nmft-def,fnm-def,nmfted,nmand-rm,lab,lab-def,and-rm,yr-par,date-nil-x,tit-qq,inproceedings-chapter,article-title-o,inproceedings-chapter,article-booktitle,article-series,jttl-rm,journal-address,book-bt,thesis-title-o,trtit-b,techreport-institution-par,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,book-editor-booktitle,inbook-editor-booktitle,bookaddress,num-xser,number-cap,chapter-cap,series-number,numser-booktitle,ser-vol,ser-rm,volume-cap,ser-ed,jnm-x,pg-bk,book-chapter-pages,pub-date,ay-empty-pub-parens-x,pre-pub,pre-edn,isbn,issn,doi-link,doi,edby,blk-com,fin-endbibitem,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-it,revdata,eprint,url,url-blk,translation,SLACcitation,numpages-x,url,url-prefix-x,bibinfo,bibfield,nfss,,{}')
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `tail,lang,annote,pres,pres-bf,seq-no,vonx,ed-au,jnrlst,nmft,nmft-def,fnm-def,nmfted,nmand-rm,lab,lab-def,and-rm,yr-par,date-nil-x,tit-qq,inproceedings-chapter,article-title-o,inproceedings-chapter,article-booktitle,article-series,jttl-rm,journal-address,book-bt,thesis-title-o,trtit-b,techreport-institution-par,vol-bf,vnum-x,volp-com,book-editor-booktitle,inbook-editor-booktitle,bookaddress,num-xser,number-cap,chapter-cap,series-number,numser-booktitle,ser-vol,ser-rm,volume-cap,ser-ed,jnm-x,pg-bk,book-chapter-pages,pub-date,ay-empty-pub-parens-x,pre-pub,pre-edn,isbn,issn,doi-link,doi,edby,blk-com,fin-endbibitem,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,etal-it,revdata,eprint,url,url-blk,translation,SLACcitation,numpages-x,url,url-prefix-x,bibinfo,bibfield,nfss,,{}')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** REVTeX-compatible Phys Rev long 2009-10-08 ***
%% 
%% Copyright 1994-2007 Patrick W Daly
 % ===============================================================
 % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
 % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
 % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
 %
 % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
 % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
 % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
 % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
 % ===============================================================
 % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
 % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2008/01/17 4.21 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
 %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
 % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
 % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem{key}...
 % Usage of \cite is as follows:
 %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
 %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
 % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
 % The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally
 %   cited in the text, or that in the database.
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------

FUNCTION {id.bst} {"Merlin.mbs v4.21 2009-07-09. "}
ENTRY
{
    address
    annote
    archive
    archivePrefix
    author
    bookaddress
    booktitle
    chapter
    collaboration
    doi
    edition
    editor
    eid
    eprint
    howpublished
    institution
    isbn
    issn
    journal
    key
    language
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    primaryClass
    publisher
    school
    SLACcitation
    series
    title
    translation
    type
    url
    volume
    year
}{
}{
    label
}

INTEGERS
{
  output.state before.all
  after.word after.punctuation
  after.sentence after.block
}

INTEGERS
{
  punctuation.state punctuation.no punctuation.space punctuation.yes
}

STRINGS { bibfield output.bibfield }
FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {non.stop}
{ duplicate$
   "}" * add.period$
   #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{
  #0 'before.all        :=
  #1 'after.word        :=
  #2 'after.punctuation :=
  #3 'after.sentence    :=
  #4 'after.block       :=
  #0 'punctuation.no    :=
  #1 'punctuation.space :=
  #2 'punctuation.yes   :=
  "" 'bibfield          :=
  "" 'output.bibfield   :=
}

STRINGS { s t}
FUNCTION {block.punctuation}
{ ""
  "," *
}

FUNCTION {word.space}
{
  "\ "
}

FUNCTION {show.stackstring.one}{
  "(" *
  output.state int.to.str$ *
    "," * punctuation.state int.to.str$ *
  ")" * top$
  duplicate$ "1(" swap$ * ")" * top$
}

FUNCTION {show.stackstring.two}{
  "(" *
  output.state int.to.str$ *
    "," * punctuation.state int.to.str$ *
  ")" * top$
  swap$
  duplicate$ "1(" swap$ * ")" * top$
  swap$
  duplicate$ "2(" swap$ * ")" * top$
}

FUNCTION {bibfield.command}{ "\bibfield"}

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{
  swap$
  output.state after.word =
    {
      block.punctuation *
      word.space *
    }
    {
      output.state after.punctuation =
        {
          word.space *
        }
        {
          output.state after.block = output.state after.sentence = or
            {
              add.period$
              "\EOS\ " *
            }{
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  output.bibfield duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    {
      bibfield.command
      "{" * swap$ * "}{%" * write$ newline$
      "  "  swap$ * "}%"  * write$ newline$
      "  "
    }
  if$
  write$
  bibfield 'output.bibfield := "" 'bibfield :=
  output.state after.block =
    {
      newline$
      "\newblock " write$
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  punctuation.state duplicate$
  punctuation.yes 'punctuation.state :=
  punctuation.no =
    { pop$ before.all }
    { punctuation.yes = { after.word }{ after.punctuation } if$ }
  if$
  'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    {
      pop$
  "" 'bibfield :=
    }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    { swap$ pop$ output.nonnull }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bbl.open} { "\BibitemOpen" }

FUNCTION {bbl.shut} { "\BibitemShut" }

FUNCTION {bibitem.shut.stop} { bbl.shut "{Stop}%" * }

FUNCTION {bibitem.shut.nostop} { bbl.shut "{NoStop}%" * }

FUNCTION {bibitem.shut}
{
  non.stop
    {
  bibitem.shut.nostop *
    }{
  bibitem.shut.stop *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {html.itag} {
  "p"
}

FUNCTION {html.ltag} {
  ""
}

FUNCTION {output.SLACcitation}
{ SLACcitation empty$
    'skip$
    {
      newline$
      SLACcitation write$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{
  non.stop swap$
  "%" * write$ newline$
    { "{NoStop}" }
    { "{Stop}" }
  if$
  annote missing$
  {
   "  \bibAnnoteFile" swap$ * "{" * cite$ * "}%"  *
  }{
   "  \bibAnnote"     swap$ * "{" * cite$ * "}{" * annote * add.period$ "}%" *
  }
  if$
  write$
    output.SLACcitation
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.comma}
{
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block = output.state before.all = or
    'skip$
    { after.sentence 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.comma}
{
}

FUNCTION {sentence.or.colon}
{
  new.sentence
}

FUNCTION {add.blank}
{
  word.space *
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {no.blank.or.punct}
{
   "\hspace{0pt}" *
   before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
  new.block.comma
  skip$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {
      "\emph{" swap$ * "}" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bolden}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bib.name.font}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {
    "\bibnamefont{" swap$ * "}" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bib.fname.font}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {
    "\bibfnamefont{" swap$ * "}" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {cite.name.font}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {
    "\citenamefont{" swap$ * "}" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { word.space }
  if$
  swap$
}

FUNCTION {capitalize}
{
  "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$
}

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ word.space swap$ * word.space * }

 % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
 % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
 % The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{
  "and"
}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{
  "et~al."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{
  "eds."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{
  "ed."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{
  "ed."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{
  "vol."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{
  "no."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{
  "pp."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{
  "p."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.eidpp}
{ "pages" }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{
  "chap."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{
  "Tech. Rep."
}

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.first}
{
  "1st"
}

FUNCTION {bbl.second}
{
  "2nd"
}

FUNCTION {bbl.third}
{
  "3rd"
}

FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
{
  "4th"
}

FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
{
  "5th"
}

FUNCTION {bbl.st}
{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.th}
{ "th" }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}

MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

FUNCTION {bbl.url.prefix}
{
  "\urlprefix"
}

FUNCTION {eng.ord}
{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
     { bbl.th * }
     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
       duplicate$ "1" =
         { pop$ bbl.st * }
         { duplicate$ "2" =
             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
             { "3" =
                 { bbl.rd * }
                 { bbl.th * }
               if$
             }
           if$
          }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % Begin module:
 % \ProvidesFile{physjour.mbs}[2002/01/14 2.2 (PWD)]
MACRO {aa}{"Astron. \& Astrophys."}
MACRO {aasup}{"Astron. \& Astrophys. Suppl. Ser."}
MACRO {aj} {"Astron. J."}
MACRO {aph} {"Acta Phys."}
MACRO {advp} {"Adv. Phys."}
MACRO {ajp} {"Amer. J. Phys."}
MACRO {ajm} {"Amer. J. Math."}
MACRO {amsci} {"Amer. Sci."}
MACRO {anofd} {"Ann. Fluid Dyn."}
MACRO {am} {"Ann. Math."}
MACRO {ap} {"Ann. Phys. (NY)"}
MACRO {adp} {"Ann. Phys. (Leipzig)"}
MACRO {ao} {"Appl. Opt."}
MACRO {apl} {"Appl. Phys. Lett."}
MACRO {app} {"Astroparticle Phys."}
MACRO {apj} {"Astrophys. J."}
MACRO {apjsup} {"Astrophys. J. Suppl."}
MACRO {apss} {"Astrophys. Space Sci."}
MACRO {araa} {"Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys."}
MACRO {baas} {"Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc."}
MACRO {baps} {"Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc."}
MACRO {cmp} {"Comm. Math. Phys."}
MACRO {cpam} {"Commun. Pure Appl. Math."}
MACRO {cppcf} {"Comm. Plasma Phys. \& Controlled Fusion"}
MACRO {cpc} {"Comp. Phys. Comm."}
MACRO {cqg} {"Class. Quant. Grav."}
MACRO {cra} {"C. R. Acad. Sci. A"}
MACRO {fed} {"Fusion Eng. \& Design"}
MACRO {ft} {"Fusion Tech."}
MACRO {grg} {"Gen. Relativ. Gravit."}
MACRO {ieeens} {"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."}
MACRO {ieeeps} {"IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci."}
MACRO {ijimw} {"Interntl. J. Infrared \& Millimeter Waves"}
MACRO {ip} {"Infrared Phys."}
MACRO {irp} {"Infrared Phys."}
MACRO {jap} {"J. Appl. Phys."}
MACRO {jasa} {"J. Acoust. Soc. America"}
MACRO {jcp} {"J. Comp. Phys."}
MACRO {jetp} {"Sov. Phys.--JETP"}
MACRO {jfe} {"J. Fusion Energy"}
MACRO {jfm} {"J. Fluid Mech."}
MACRO {jmp} {"J. Math. Phys."}
MACRO {jne} {"J. Nucl. Energy"}
MACRO {jnec} {"J. Nucl. Energy, C: Plasma Phys., Accelerators, Thermonucl. Res."}
MACRO {jnm} {"J. Nucl. Mat."}
MACRO {jpc} {"J. Phys. Chem."}
MACRO {jpp} {"J. Plasma Phys."}
MACRO {jpsj} {"J. Phys. Soc. Japan"}
MACRO {jsi} {"J. Sci. Instrum."}
MACRO {jvst} {"J. Vac. Sci. \& Tech."}
MACRO {nat} {"Nature"}
MACRO {nature} {"Nature"}
MACRO {nedf} {"Nucl. Eng. \& Design/Fusion"}
MACRO {nf} {"Nucl. Fusion"}
MACRO {nim} {"Nucl. Inst. \& Meth."}
MACRO {nimpr} {"Nucl. Inst. \& Meth. in Phys. Res."}
MACRO {np} {"Nucl. Phys."}
MACRO {npb} {"Nucl. Phys. B"}
MACRO {nt/f} {"Nucl. Tech./Fusion"}
MACRO {npbpc} {"Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.)"}
MACRO {inc} {"Nuovo Cimento"}
MACRO {nc} {"Nuovo Cimento"}
MACRO {pf} {"Phys. Fluids"}
MACRO {pfa} {"Phys. Fluids A: Fluid Dyn."}
MACRO {pfb} {"Phys. Fluids B: Plasma Phys."}
MACRO {pl} {"Phys. Lett."}
MACRO {pla} {"Phys. Lett. A"}
MACRO {plb} {"Phys. Lett. B"}
MACRO {prep} {"Phys. Rep."}
MACRO {pnas} {"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"}
MACRO {pp} {"Phys. Plasmas"}
MACRO {ppcf} {"Plasma Phys. \& Controlled Fusion"}
MACRO {phitrsl} {"Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London"}
MACRO {prl} {"Phys. Rev. Lett."}
MACRO {pr} {"Phys. Rev."}
MACRO {physrev} {"Phys. Rev."}
MACRO {pra} {"Phys. Rev. A"}
MACRO {prb} {"Phys. Rev. B"}
MACRO {prc} {"Phys. Rev. C"}
MACRO {prd} {"Phys. Rev. D"}
MACRO {pre} {"Phys. Rev. E"}
MACRO {ps} {"Phys. Scripta"}
MACRO {procrsl} {"Proc. Roy. Soc. London"}
MACRO {rmp} {"Rev. Mod. Phys."}
MACRO {rsi} {"Rev. Sci. Inst."}
MACRO {science} {"Science"}
MACRO {sciam} {"Sci. Am."}
MACRO {sam} {"Stud. Appl. Math."}
MACRO {sjpp} {"Sov. J. Plasma Phys."}
MACRO {spd} {"Sov. Phys.--Doklady"}
MACRO {sptp} {"Sov. Phys.--Tech. Phys."}
MACRO {spu} {"Sov. Phys.--Uspeki"}
MACRO {st} {"Sky and Telesc."}
 % End module: physjour.mbs
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % Begin module:
 % \ProvidesFile{geojour.mbs}[2002/07/10 2.0h (PWD)]
MACRO {aisr} {"Adv. Space Res."}
MACRO {ag} {"Ann. Geophys."}
MACRO {anigeo} {"Ann. Geofis."}
MACRO {angl} {"Ann. Glaciol."}
MACRO {andmet} {"Ann. d. Meteor."}
MACRO {andgeo} {"Ann. d. Geophys."}
MACRO {andphy} {"Ann. Phys.-Paris"}
MACRO {afmgb} {"Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol."}
MACRO {atph} {"Atm\'osphera"}
MACRO {aao} {"Atmos. Ocean"}
MACRO {ass}{"Astrophys. Space Sci."}
MACRO {atenv} {"Atmos. Environ."}
MACRO {aujag} {"Aust. J. Agr. Res."}
MACRO {aumet} {"Aust. Meteorol. Mag."}
MACRO {blmet} {"Bound.-Lay. Meteorol."}
MACRO {bams} {"Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc."}
MACRO {cch} {"Clim. Change"}
MACRO {cdyn} {"Clim. Dynam."}
MACRO {cbul} {"Climatol. Bull."}
MACRO {cap} {"Contrib. Atmos. Phys."}
MACRO {dsr} {"Deep-Sea Res."}
MACRO {dhz} {"Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z."}
MACRO {dao} {"Dynam. Atmos. Oceans"}
MACRO {eco} {"Ecology"}
MACRO {empl}{"Earth, Moon and Planets"}
MACRO {envres} {"Environ. Res."}
MACRO {envst} {"Environ. Sci. Technol."}
MACRO {ecms} {"Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci."}
MACRO {expa}{"Exper. Astron."}
MACRO {geoint} {"Geofis. Int."}
MACRO {geopub} {"Geofys. Publ."}
MACRO {geogeo} {"Geol. Geofiz."}
MACRO {gafd} {"Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn."}
MACRO {gfd} {"Geophys. Fluid Dyn."}
MACRO {geomag} {"Geophys. Mag."}
MACRO {georl} {"Geophys. Res. Lett."}
MACRO {grl} {"Geophys. Res. Lett."}
MACRO {ga} {"Geophysica"}
MACRO {gs} {"Geophysics"}
MACRO {ieeetap} {"IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag."}
MACRO {ijawp} {"Int. J. Air Water Pollut."}
MACRO {ijc} {"Int. J. Climatol."}
MACRO {ijrs} {"Int. J. Remote Sens."}
MACRO {jam} {"J. Appl. Meteorol."}
MACRO {jaot} {"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."}
MACRO {jatp} {"J. Atmos. Terr. Phys."}
MACRO {jastp} {"J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys."}
MACRO {jce} {"J. Climate"}
MACRO {jcam} {"J. Climate Appl. Meteor."}
MACRO {jcm} {"J. Climate Meteor."}
MACRO {jcy} {"J. Climatol."}
MACRO {jgr} {"J. Geophys. Res."}
MACRO {jga} {"J. Glaciol."}
MACRO {jh} {"J. Hydrol."}
MACRO {jmr} {"J. Mar. Res."}
MACRO {jmrj} {"J. Meteor. Res. Japan"}
MACRO {jm} {"J. Meteor."}
MACRO {jpo} {"J. Phys. Oceanogr."}
MACRO {jra} {"J. Rech. Atmos."}
MACRO {jaes} {"J. Aeronaut. Sci."}
MACRO {japca} {"J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc."}
MACRO {jas} {"J. Atmos. Sci."}
MACRO {jmts} {"J. Mar. Technol. Soc."}
MACRO {jmsj} {"J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan"}
MACRO {josj} {"J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan"}
MACRO {jwm} {"J. Wea. Mod."}
MACRO {lao} {"Limnol. Oceanogr."}
MACRO {mwl} {"Mar. Wea. Log"}
MACRO {mau} {"Mausam"}
MACRO {meteor} {"``Meteor'' Forschungsergeb."}
MACRO {map} {"Meteorol. Atmos. Phys."}
MACRO {metmag} {"Meteor. Mag."}
MACRO {metmon} {"Meteor. Monogr."}
MACRO {metrun} {"Meteor. Rundsch."}
MACRO {metzeit} {"Meteor. Z."}
MACRO {metgid} {"Meteor. Gidrol."}
MACRO {mwr} {"Mon. Weather Rev."}
MACRO {nwd} {"Natl. Weather Dig."}
MACRO {nzjmfr} {"New Zeal. J. Mar. Freshwater Res."}
MACRO {npg} {"Nonlin. Proc. Geophys."}
MACRO {om} {"Oceanogr. Meteorol."}
MACRO {ocac} {"Oceanol. Acta"}
MACRO {oceanus} {"Oceanus"}
MACRO {paleoc} {"Paleoceanography"}
MACRO {pce} {"Phys. Chem. Earth"}
MACRO {pmg} {"Pap. Meteor. Geophys."}
MACRO {ppom} {"Pap. Phys. Oceanogr. Meteor."}
MACRO {physzeit} {"Phys. Z."}
MACRO {pps} {"Planet. Space Sci."}
MACRO {pss} {"Planet. Space Sci."}
MACRO {pag} {"Pure Appl. Geophys."}
MACRO {qjrms} {"Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc."}
MACRO {quatres} {"Quat. Res."}
MACRO {rsci} {"Radio Sci."}
MACRO {rse} {"Remote Sens. Environ."}
MACRO {rgeo} {"Rev. Geophys."}
MACRO {rgsp} {"Rev. Geophys. Space Phys."}
MACRO {rdgeo} {"Rev. Geofis."}
MACRO {revmeta} {"Rev. Meteorol."}
MACRO {sgp}{"Surveys in Geophys."}
MACRO {sp} {"Solar Phys."}
MACRO {ssr} {"Space Sci. Rev."}
MACRO {tellus} {"Tellus"}
MACRO {tac} {"Theor. Appl. Climatol."}
MACRO {tagu} {"Trans. Am. Geophys. Union (EOS)"}
MACRO {wrr} {"Water Resour. Res."}
MACRO {weather} {"Weather"}
MACRO {wafc} {"Weather Forecast."}
MACRO {ww} {"Weatherwise"}
MACRO {wmob} {"WMO Bull."}
MACRO {zeitmet} {"Z. Meteorol."}
 % End module: geojour.mbs
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % Begin module:
 % \ProvidesFile{photjour.mbs}[1999/02/24 2.0b (PWD)]

MACRO {appopt} {"Appl. Opt."}
MACRO {bell} {"Bell Syst. Tech. J."}
MACRO {ell} {"Electron. Lett."}
MACRO {jasp} {"J. Appl. Spectr."}
MACRO {jqe} {"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."}
MACRO {jlwt} {"J. Lightwave Technol."}
MACRO {jmo} {"J. Mod. Opt."}
MACRO {josa} {"J. Opt. Soc. America"}
MACRO {josaa} {"J. Opt. Soc. Amer.~A"}
MACRO {josab} {"J. Opt. Soc. Amer.~B"}
MACRO {jdp} {"J. Phys. (Paris)"}
MACRO {oc} {"Opt. Commun."}
MACRO {ol} {"Opt. Lett."}
MACRO {phtl} {"IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett."}
MACRO {pspie} {"Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng."}
MACRO {sse} {"Solid-State Electron."}
MACRO {sjot} {"Sov. J. Opt. Technol."}
MACRO {sjqe} {"Sov. J. Quantum Electron."}
MACRO {sleb} {"Sov. Phys.--Leb. Inst. Rep."}
MACRO {stph} {"Sov. Phys.--Techn. Phys."}
MACRO {stphl} {"Sov. Techn. Phys. Lett."}
MACRO {vr} {"Vision Res."}
MACRO {zph} {"Z. f. Physik"}
MACRO {zphb} {"Z. f. Physik~B"}
MACRO {zphd} {"Z. f. Physik~D"}

MACRO {CLEO} {"CLEO"}
MACRO {ASSL} {"Adv. Sol.-State Lasers"}
MACRO {OSA}  {"OSA"}
 % End module: photjour.mbs
%% Copyright 1994-2007 Patrick W Daly
MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}

MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.command} { "\bibinfo" }

FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      pop$
      pop$ ""
    }{
      duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ pop$
        }{
          swap$
          bibinfo.command " {" * swap$ * "} {" * swap$ * "}" *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
      ""
    }{
      duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
        }{
          swap$
          bibinfo.command " {" * swap$ * "} {" * swap$ * "}" *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {archiv.base}
{
  "http://arxiv.org/abs"
}

FUNCTION {archiv.prefix.base}
{
  "arXiv"
}

FUNCTION {eprint.command}
{
  "\Eprint"
}

FUNCTION {format.eprint}
{ eprint duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {
      duplicate$
      ""
        archive duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ archiv.base } 'skip$ if$ *
        "/" *
        swap$ *
        "{" swap$ * "}" *
      swap$
      ""
        archivePrefix duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ "" } { ":" * } if$ *
        swap$ *
        primaryClass  duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ "" } { " [" swap$ * "]" * } if$ *
        "{" swap$ * "}" *
      *
      eprint.command swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.translation}
{ translation duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    { ""
      "\translation{" * swap$ * "}" *
      punctuation.space 'punctuation.state :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.url}
{
  url duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {
      "\url"
      "{" * swap$ * "}" *
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {check.speaker}
{ key empty$ 'skip$
  { key nameptr int.to.str$ =
    {
      bolden
    }
      'skip$
    if$
  }
  if$
}


STRINGS  { bibinfo}

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{ff}" format.name$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
        { tie.or.space.prefix bib.fname.font swap$ * }
      if$
      s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ bib.name.font *
      s nameptr
      "{jj}" format.name$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
        { bib.fname.font ", " swap$ * }
      if$
      *
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      type$ "presentation" =
        { check.speaker }
        'skip$
      if$
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            {
              ", " *
              t *
            }{
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              numnames #2 >
                {
                  "," *
                }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal
                  emphasize
                  *
                }{
                  bbl.and
                  space.word *
                  t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}

FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
  format.names
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { collaboration "collaboration" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
        { " (" swap$ * ")" * }
      if$
      *
    }
  if$
  "author" 'bibfield :=
}

FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "," *
      word.space *
      get.bbl.editor
      *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.isbn}
{
  isbn "isbn" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      new.block.comma
      "ISBN " swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.issn}
{ issn "issn" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      new.block.comma
      "ISSN " swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {doi.base}
{
  "http://dx.doi.org/"
}

FUNCTION {doi.command}
{
  "\doi"
}

FUNCTION {doi.command.href}
{
  "\Doi"
}

FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      new.block.comma
      doi.command "{" * swap$ * "}" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {add.doi}
{
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      doi duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        {
          "{" swap$ * "}" *
          swap$
          "{" swap$ * "}" *
          *
          doi.command.href swap$ *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {select.language}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { language empty$
        'skip$
        { "{\selectlanguage {" language * "}" * swap$ * "}" * }
      if$
    }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {format.note}
{
 note empty$
    { "" }
    { note #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "{" =
        'skip$
        {
          output.state after.word = output.state after.punctuation = or
            { "l" }
            { "u" }
          if$ change.case$
        }
      if$
      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bbl.enquote}
{
  "\enquote"
}

FUNCTION {string.enquote}
{
  punctuation.no 'punctuation.state :=
  non.stop {
    block.punctuation
  } { "." } if$
   swap$ pop$
  *
  bbl.enquote "{" * swap$ * "}" *
  word.space *
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ { "t" change.case$ } if$
  duplicate$ "title" bibinfo.check swap$
  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    {
      punctuation.yes 'punctuation.state :=
      string.enquote
      select.language
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {end.quote.title}
{ title empty$
    'skip$
    { before.all 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {year.bibitem}
{
  year duplicate$ empty$
  { pop$ ""
    "????" *
  }{
    skip$
  } if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{
  newline$
  ""
  "{" * cite$ * "}%" *
  "\bibitem"
  swap$ *
  write$ newline$
  "  "
  duplicate$ bbl.open * write$ newline$
  before.all 'output.state :=
  punctuation.yes 'punctuation.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
  't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }{
                { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }{
          t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{
  bbl.in
  word.space *
}

FUNCTION {date.encapsulate}
{
  duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    {
      before.all 'output.state :=
      " (" swap$ * ")" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{
  month "month" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$
  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
    { swap$ 'skip$
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
      if$
      *
    }{
      swap$ 'skip$
        {
          swap$
          word.space * swap$
        }
      if$
      *
    }
  if$
  date.encapsulate
}

FUNCTION {format.date.output.check}
{
 format.date
 "year" output.check
}

FUNCTION {format.date.output}
{
 format.date output
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{
  booktitle duplicate$ empty$ { pop$
      title
  } 'skip$ if$
  "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      emphasize
      select.language
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.check.book}
{ editor empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ *
      ": try using @inbook instead" *
      warning$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
      bbl.volume
      capitalize
      swap$
      tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * *
      series "series" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        {
          ", "
          * swap$ *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number}
{
  bbl.number
  output.state after.word = output.state after.punctuation = or
  #1 or
  #0 and
    'skip$
    { capitalize }
  if$
  number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
        { series field.or.null }
        {
          series empty$
            {
              number "number" bibinfo.check
            }{
              format.number
              series "series" bibinfo.check
              word.space * swap$ *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
  "" 's :=
  { t empty$ not }
  { t #1 #1 substring$
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    duplicate$ is.num
      { s swap$ * 's := }
      { pop$ "" 't := }
    if$
  }
  while$
  s empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$ s }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
  s "first" = s "1" = or
    { bbl.first 't := }
    { s "second" = s "2" = or
        { bbl.second 't := }
        { s "third" = s "3" = or
            { bbl.third 't := }
            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
                { bbl.fourth 't := }
                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
                        { s
                            eng.ord
                        't := }
                        { edition 't := }
                      if$
                    }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  t
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      convert.edition
      output.state after.word = output.state after.punctuation = or
        { "l" }
        { "t" }
      if$ change.case$
      "edition" bibinfo.check
      word.space * bbl.edition *
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
        {
          bbl.pages swap$
          n.dashify
        }{
          bbl.page swap$
        }
      if$
      tie.or.space.prefix
      "pages" bibinfo.check
      * *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.pages}
{
  pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "pages" bibinfo.check word.space bbl.pages * *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {volnum.punct}
{
          ","
  word.space *
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
        { volnum.punct *
          swap$
          n.dashify
          "pages" bibinfo.check
          *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
        { volnum.punct * }
      if$
      swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {eid.or.pages}
{
  eid empty$
    { format.journal.pages }
    { format.journal.eid }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.ser.vol.num}
{
  series "series" bibinfo.check output
      after.punctuation 'output.state :=
  volume field.or.null
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "volume" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
  bolden
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    {
    format.pages
    }
    { type empty$
        {
          bbl.chapter
          capitalize
        }{
          type
          capitalize
          "type" bibinfo.check
        }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
      "chapter" bibinfo.check
      * *
      pages empty$
        'skip$
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
  booktitle duplicate$ "booktitle" bibinfo.check swap$
  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    {
      punctuation.yes 'punctuation.state :=
      pop$ emphasize
      select.language
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editor.in}
{
  editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      bbl.edby
      word.space * swap$ *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.article.booktitle}
{
  format.booktitle
      "booktitle" 'bibfield :=
  output
  bookaddress "address" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    {
      "address" 'bibfield :=
      output.nonnull after.punctuation 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{
  format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    {
  add.doi
      word.in swap$ * output.nonnull
      bookaddress "address" bibinfo.check output
      format.number.series "series and number" bibinfo.check output
      format.bvolume output
      format.editor.in "editor" bibinfo.check output
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle.inbook}
{
  format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    {
  add.doi
      word.in swap$ * output.nonnull
      bookaddress "address" bibinfo.check output
      format.number.series "series and number" bibinfo.check output
      format.bvolume output
      author empty$ 'skip$
        { format.editor.in "editor" bibinfo.check output }
    if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { swap$ pop$
      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
  type duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
    'skip$
  if$
  "type" bibinfo.check
  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
  key duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$
      journal duplicate$ empty$
        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
      if$
    }
    { word.in swap$ * word.space *}
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  bib.name.font
  "editor" bibinfo.check
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$
      "editor" bibinfo.check
      word.space * bbl.etal
      emphasize
      *
    }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
            {
              "editor" bibinfo.check
              word.space * bbl.etal
              emphasize
              *
            }{
             bbl.and space.word
              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
              bib.name.font
              "editor" bibinfo.check
              *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      pop$ word.in
    }
    { bbl.volume
      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
        { series empty$
            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
              crossref * warning$
              "" *
            }
            { series emphasize * }
          if$
        }
        { key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
              crossref * warning$
            }
            { word.in swap$ * }
          if$
        }
        { word.in key * word.space *}
      if$
    }
    { word.in format.crossref.editor * word.space *}
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
  ""
  address "address" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ t }
    { t duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ }
        {
          "," word.space *
          * swap$ *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  *
  year duplicate$ empty$
    {
      "empty year in " cite$ *
      warning$
      pop$ ""
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ }
    {
      "year" bibinfo.check
      swap$
      duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ }
        {
          "," *
          word.space *
          swap$ *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
    ""
    "(" * swap$ * ")" *
    after.punctuation 'output.state :=
    punctuation.space 'punctuation.state :=
  } if$
}

FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.publisher.address}
{
  publisher empty$
    { format.organization.address }
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      format.publisher.address
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.school.address.output}
{
  school  "school"  bibinfo.warn
  address "address" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      swap$
      duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
        {
          ", " *
        }
      if$
      swap$
    }
  if$
  *
  output
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  booktitle empty$ {
      "author" output.check
    }{ output } if$
  new.block.comma
  format.title
      "title" 'bibfield :=
  output
  new.block.comma
  output.article.booktitle
  crossref missing$
    {
      journal
      "journal" bibinfo.warn
      pages empty$ 'skip$ { add.doi } if$
      "journal" 'bibfield :=
      output
      format.ser.vol.num
      output
      eid.or.pages
      format.date.output.check
    }{
      format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.issn output
  pages empty$ {
  format.doi output
  } 'skip$ if$
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  format.translation output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    {
    }{
      format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$ { editor.check.book } 'skip$ if$
    }
  if$
  new.block.comma
  format.btitle
  add.doi
  "title" output.check
  format.edition output
  author empty$
    {
      format.editor.in output
    }
    {
    }
  if$
      format.number.series output
  crossref missing$
    {
      format.bvolume output
      new.block.comma
      format.publisher.address output
    }{
      new.block.comma
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
      format.date.output.check
    }
  if$
  format.isbn output
      format.chapter.pages
      output
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  new.block.comma
  format.title
  add.doi
  "title" output.check
  new.block.comma
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.date.output
  format.isbn output
  format.book.pages output
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    {
       format.editors "editor" output.check
    }{
       format.authors output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  new.block.comma

  format.title output
  new.block.comma

  crossref missing$
    {
      format.in.ed.booktitle.inbook
      format.publisher.address output
      format.chapter.pages
      "chapter and pages"
      output.check
      new.block.comma
      format.edition output
      new.block.comma
    }{
      format.chapter.pages
      "chapter and pages"
      output.check
      new.block.comma
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
      format.date.output.check
    }
  if$
  crossref missing$
    { format.isbn output }
    'skip$
  if$
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block.comma
  format.title
  output
  new.block.comma
  crossref missing$
    {
      format.in.ed.booktitle
      format.publisher.address output
      format.edition output
      format.chapter.pages output
      format.isbn output
    }{
      format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block.comma
  format.title
  output
  new.block.comma
  crossref missing$
    {
      format.in.ed.booktitle
      format.organization.publisher.address output
      format.chapter.pages output
      format.isbn output
      format.issn output
    }{
      format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        { output
          address "address" bibinfo.check output
        }
      if$
    }{
      format.authors output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  new.block.comma
  format.btitle
  add.doi
  "title" output.check
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
        {
          address "address" bibinfo.check output
        }
        'skip$
      if$
    }{
      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      address "address" bibinfo.check output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date.output
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block.comma
  format.btitle
  output
  new.block.comma
  bbl.mthesis
  format.thesis.type
  add.doi
  output.nonnull
  format.school.address.output
  format.date.output.check
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  format.title output
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  format.date.output
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block.comma
  format.btitle
  output
  new.block.comma
  bbl.phdthesis
  format.thesis.type
  add.doi
  output.nonnull
  format.school.address.output
  format.date.output.check
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {presentation}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  new.block.comma
  format.title output
  new.block.comma
  format.organization.address "organization and address" output.check
  month "month" output.check
  year "year" output.check
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  new.sentence
  type missing$ 'skip$
    {"(" type capitalize * ")" * output}
  if$
  new.block.comma format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  new.block.comma
  format.btitle
  add.doi
  "title" output.check
      bookaddress "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.number.series output
  format.bvolume output
  editor empty$
    {
      publisher empty$
        {
        }{
          format.publisher.address output
        }
      if$
    }{
      format.organization.publisher.address output
     }
  if$
  format.isbn output
  format.issn output
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block.comma
  format.btitle
  add.doi
  "title" output.check
  new.block.comma
  format.tr.number
  output.nonnull
  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn
  format.org.or.pub output
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block.comma
  format.title
  add.doi
  "title" output.check
  format.date.output
  new.block.comma
  new.sentence.comma
  format.note "note" output.check
  format.eprint output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
STRINGS { longest.label }
INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #1 'number.label :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{
  number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
FUNCTION {init.bib.eprint}
{
    "\texttt{"
  pop$
  "\providecommand \url  [0]{\begingroup\@sanitize \@url }%" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \@url [1]{\endgroup\@href {#1}{" "}}%" bbl.url.prefix swap$ * * write$ newline$
  "\providecommand " " [0]{URL }%" bbl.url.prefix swap$ * * write$ newline$
  eprint.command "\providecommand " swap$ * "[0]{\href }%" * write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.doi}
{
  "\@ifxundefined \urlstyle {%"  write$ newline$
  "  \providecommand \doi [1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}%"  write$ newline$
  "}{%"  write$ newline$
  "  \providecommand \doi [0]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url }%"
  write$ newline$
  "}%"  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \doibase [0]{" doi.base * "}%" * write$ newline$
  doi.command.href "\providecommand " swap$ * "[1]{\href{\doibase#1}}%" * write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.hypertex}
{
  "\providecommand\href[0]{\@sanitize\@href}%" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand\@href[1]{\endgroup\@@startlink{#1}\endgroup\@@href}%" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand\@@href[1]{#1\@@endlink}%" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \@sanitize [0]{\begingroup\catcode`\&12\catcode`\#12\relax}%" write$ newline$
  "\@ifxundefined \pdfoutput {\@firstoftwo}{%" write$ newline$
  " \@ifnum{\z@=\pdfoutput}{\@firstoftwo}{\@secondoftwo}%" write$ newline$
  "}{%" write$ newline$
  " \providecommand\@@startlink[1]{\leavevmode\special{html:<a href=" quote$ * "#1" * quote$ * ">}}%" * write$ newline$
  " \providecommand\@@endlink[0]{\special{html:</a>}}%" write$ newline$
  "}{%" write$ newline$
  " \providecommand\@@startlink[1]{%" write$ newline$
  "  \leavevmode" write$ newline$
  "  \pdfstartlink" write$ newline$
  "   attr{/Border[0 0 1 ]/H/I/C[0 1 1]}%" write$ newline$
  "   user{/Subtype/Link/A<</Type/Action/S/URI/URI(#1)>>}%" write$ newline$
  "  \relax" write$ newline$
  " }%" write$ newline$
  " \providecommand\@@endlink[0]{\pdfendlink}%" write$ newline$
  "}%" write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.namefont}
{
  "\providecommand \bibnamefont  [1]{#1}%"  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \bibfnamefont [1]{#1}%" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \citenamefont [1]{#1}%"  write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.quote}
{
  "\providecommand " bbl.enquote * " [1]{" *
  "``" "''"
  "#1" swap$ "}%" * * * * write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.annote}
{
  "\providecommand \bibAnnote [3]{%" write$ newline$
  "  " bbl.shut * "{#1}%" * write$ newline$
  "  \begin{quotation}\noindent" write$ newline$
  "    \textsc{Key:}\ #2\\\textsc{Annotation:}\ #3%" write$ newline$
  "  \end{quotation}%" write$ newline$
  "}%" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \bibAnnoteFile [2]{%" write$ newline$
  "  \IfFileExists{#2}{\bibAnnote {#1} {#2} {\input{#2}}}{}%" write$ newline$
  "}%" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \typeout [0]{\immediate \write \m@ne }%" write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.bibinfo}
{
  bibinfo.command  "\providecommand " swap$ * " [0]{\@secondoftwo}%" * write$ newline$
  bibfield.command "\providecommand " swap$ * " [0]{\@secondoftwo}%" * write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.lang}
{
  "\providecommand \selectlanguage [0]{\@gobble}%" write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.endbibitem}
{
  "\providecommand " bbl.open * "[0]{}%" *           write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \bibitemStop [0]{}%"               write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \bibitemNoStop [0]{.\EOS\space}%"  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \EOS [0]{\spacefactor3000\relax}%"   write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {init.bib.translation}
{
  "\providecommand \translation [1]{[#1]}%" write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {warn.bib}
{
}

FUNCTION {init.bib}
{
  warn.bib
  "\makeatletter" write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \@ifxundefined [1]{%"     write$ newline$
  " \ifx #1\undefined \expandafter \@firstoftwo" write$ newline$
  " \else \expandafter \@secondoftwo"      write$ newline$
  "\fi"                                    write$ newline$
  "}%"                                     write$ newline$
  "\providecommand \@ifnum [1]{%"          write$ newline$
  " \ifnum #1\expandafter \@firstoftwo"    write$ newline$
  " \else \expandafter \@secondoftwo"      write$ newline$
  "\fi"                                    write$ newline$
  "}%"                                     write$ newline$
  init.bib.quote
  init.bib.namefont
  init.bib.hypertex
  init.bib.eprint
  init.bib.doi
  init.bib.annote
  init.bib.lang
  init.bib.bibinfo
  init.bib.translation
  init.bib.endbibitem
  "\providecommand " bbl.shut * " [1]{\csname bibitem#1\endcsname}%" * write$ newline$
  "%</preamble>" write$
}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{
  id.bst duplicate$ top$ "%" swap$ * write$ newline$
  preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{"
  longest.label
  * "}%" *
  write$ newline$
  init.bib
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}%"
  write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `apsrev4-1long.bst'.