Valid HTML 4.0! Valid CSS!
%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.43",
%%%     date            = "21 November 2023",
%%%     time            = "11:58:38 MST",
%%%     filename        = "babbage-charles.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "06252 23595 103874 1087745",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "Analytical Engine; bibliography; BibTeX;
%%%                        Charles Babbage; Difference Engine",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a COMPLETE bibliography of works by,
%%%                        and about, Charles Babbage (26 December
%%%                        1791--18 October 1871), Lucasian Professor of
%%%                        Mathematics at Cambridge University, and
%%%                        inventor of the Difference Engine and the
%%%                        Analytical Engine, mechanical devices that
%%%                        were never completely constructed in his
%%%                        lifetime, yet were important antecedents for
%%%                        the 20th-century development of
%%%                        electromechanical and electronic computers.
%%%                        Both Engines were successfully constructed by
%%%                        teams of British computer scientists and
%%%                        engineers in the late 20th-century, and
%%%                        demonstrated to work as Babbage envisioned.
%%%                        See remarks in entry Swade:2001:DEC about how
%%%                        Babbage became interested in his university
%%%                        student days in the problem of automating
%%%                        error-prone, and laborious, computation.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.43, the COMPLETE year coverage
%%%                        looked like this:
%%%
%%%                             1813 (   3)    1883 (   0)    1953 (   4)
%%%                             1815 (   1)    1885 (   0)    1955 (   0)
%%%                             1816 (   3)    1886 (   0)    1956 (   0)
%%%                             1817 (   4)    1887 (   0)    1957 (   0)
%%%                             1819 (   2)    1889 (   2)    1959 (   0)
%%%                             1820 (   2)    1890 (   1)    1960 (   1)
%%%                             1821 (   1)    1891 (   0)    1961 (   3)
%%%                             1822 (   7)    1892 (   0)    1962 (   2)
%%%                             1823 (   3)    1893 (   0)    1963 (   4)
%%%                             1824 (   2)    1894 (   0)    1964 (   4)
%%%                             1825 (   1)    1895 (   0)    1965 (   4)
%%%                             1826 (   8)    1896 (   0)    1966 (   3)
%%%                             1827 (   3)    1897 (   0)    1967 (   3)
%%%                             1828 (   0)    1898 (   0)    1968 (   4)
%%%                             1829 (   5)    1899 (   1)    1969 (   4)
%%%                             1830 (  11)    1900 (   0)    1970 (   2)
%%%                             1831 (   5)    1901 (   0)    1971 (   7)
%%%                             1832 (   7)    1902 (   0)    1972 (   7)
%%%                             1833 (   5)    1903 (   0)    1973 (   1)
%%%                             1834 (   8)    1904 (   0)    1974 (   2)
%%%                             1835 (   5)    1905 (   0)    1975 (   4)
%%%                             1836 (   1)    1906 (   0)    1976 (   3)
%%%                             1837 (   3)    1907 (   0)    1977 (   5)
%%%                             1838 (   4)    1908 (   0)    1978 (   4)
%%%                             1839 (   2)    1909 (   1)    1979 (  11)
%%%                             1840 (   0)    1910 (   1)    1980 (  12)
%%%                             1841 (   0)    1911 (   0)    1981 (  11)
%%%                             1842 (   1)    1912 (   0)    1982 (  18)
%%%                             1843 (   5)    1913 (   0)    1983 (  11)
%%%                             1844 (   0)    1914 (   0)    1984 (   7)
%%%                             1845 (   0)    1915 (   3)    1985 (  10)
%%%                             1846 (   2)    1916 (   2)    1986 (  10)
%%%                             1847 (   3)    1917 (   0)    1987 (  12)
%%%                             1848 (   1)    1918 (   0)    1988 (  16)
%%%                             1849 (   1)    1919 (   1)    1989 (  41)
%%%                             1850 (   0)    1920 (   0)    1990 (  15)
%%%                             1851 (   4)    1921 (   0)    1991 (  32)
%%%                             1852 (   2)    1922 (   0)    1992 (  21)
%%%                             1853 (   1)    1923 (   0)    1993 (  11)
%%%                             1854 (   7)    1924 (   0)    1994 (   9)
%%%                             1855 (   8)    1925 (   1)    1995 (  11)
%%%                             1856 (   9)    1926 (   0)    1996 (   9)
%%%                             1857 (   3)    1927 (   0)    1997 (   5)
%%%                             1858 (   0)    1928 (   0)    1998 (   7)
%%%                             1859 (   1)    1929 (   0)    1999 (   8)
%%%                             1860 (   3)    1930 (   1)    2000 (  17)
%%%                             1861 (   0)    1931 (   1)    2001 (  13)
%%%                             1862 (   0)    1932 (   0)    2002 (  16)
%%%                             1863 (   0)    1933 (   2)    2003 (  16)
%%%                             1864 (   3)    1934 (   0)    2004 (   6)
%%%                             1865 (   1)    1935 (   1)    2005 (   9)
%%%                             1866 (   0)    1936 (   1)    2006 (  11)
%%%                             1867 (   0)    1937 (   0)    2007 (  10)
%%%                             1868 (   1)    1938 (   0)    2008 (   9)
%%%                             1869 (   1)    1939 (   0)    2009 (   9)
%%%                             1870 (   0)    1940 (   2)    2010 (  15)
%%%                             1871 (   5)    1941 (   0)    2011 (  14)
%%%                             1872 (   0)    1942 (   0)    2012 (  10)
%%%                             1873 (   0)    1943 (   0)    2013 (   4)
%%%                             1874 (   1)    1944 (   0)    2014 (   7)
%%%                             1875 (   0)    1945 (   0)    2015 (   4)
%%%                             1876 (   0)    1946 (   1)    2016 (   6)
%%%                             1877 (   0)    1947 (   2)    2017 (   5)
%%%                             1878 (   0)    1948 (   5)    2018 (   5)
%%%                             1879 (   0)    1949 (   2)    2019 (   2)
%%%                             1880 (   1)    1950 (   0)    2020 (   1)
%%%                             1881 (   0)    1951 (   0)    2021 (   9)
%%%                             1882 (   0)    1952 (   2)    2022 (   4)
%%%                             20xx (   2)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        407
%%%                             Book:           248
%%%                             Booklet:         19
%%%                             InCollection:    49
%%%                             InProceedings:    8
%%%                             Misc:             9
%%%                             PhdThesis:        2
%%%                             Proceedings:      3
%%%                             TechReport:       7
%%%                             Unpublished:      3
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  755
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography has been largely extracted
%%%                        from adabooks.bib, available at
%%%
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib
%%%
%%%                        which covers the programming language Ada,
%%%                        as well as works by, and about, Charles Babbage
%%%                        and Ada Augusta King, Countess of Lovelace.
%%%
%%%                        Ada Augusta King, Countess of Lovelace (10
%%%                        December 1815--27 November 1852) worked with
%%%                        Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October
%%%                        1871) on his plans for automated calculating
%%%                        engines, known as the Difference Engine and
%%%                        the Analytical Engine, neither completed in
%%%                        his or her lifetimes.  The Difference Engine
%%%                        could only compute differences in polynomial
%%%                        formulas, but the Analytical Engine was a
%%%                        general programmable computer.  Babbage
%%%                        himself describes three versions of those
%%%                        engines in chapters V--VIII of entry
%%%                        Babbage:1994:PLP.
%%%
%%%                        There is an image of a woodcut illustration
%%%                        of part of the Difference Engine here:
%%%
%%%                            http://www.cbi.umn.edu/graphics/cbdiff1.jpg
%%%
%%%                        Babbage appeared on a 1991 UK stamp issued on the
%%%                        bicentennial of his birth; it is reproduced here:
%%%
%%%                            http://www.cbi.umn.edu/graphics/cbstamp.jpg
%%%
%%%                        Ada's birth year is recorded in the number of
%%%                        the first standard for the Ada programming
%%%                        language: ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A. The year 1815
%%%                        is also the year of Charles Babbage's first
%%%                        publication in a scientific journal (entry
%%%                        Babbage:1815:ETC; Babbage graduated from
%%%                        Cambridge University in 1814), the year of
%%%                        the birth of the first of his eight children
%%%                        (only three of whom survived to become
%%%                        adults), as well as that of the Battle of
%%%                        Waterloo on 18 June 1815, which brought an
%%%                        end to the 12-year long Napoleonic Wars in
%%%                        Europe.
%%%
%%%                        Those wars began not long after the first
%%%                        demonstration in 1801 of Joseph Marie
%%%                        Jacquard's mechanical loom controlled by
%%%                        punched cards, and therefore capable of
%%%                        reliable automation.  A reproduction of a
%%%                        high-resolution woven portrait of Jacquard
%%%                        can be seen in the article
%%%
%%%                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquard_loom
%%%
%%%                        According to page 107 of entry
%%%                        Swade:2001:DEC, ``the image took 24,000 cards
%%%                        to produce, and each card had over 1,000 hole
%%%                        positions.''
%%%
%%%                        Charles Babbage owned a copy of that
%%%                        portrait, and planned to use punched cards in
%%%                        his Analytical Engine.  That did not happen
%%%                        in his lifetime, however. Instead, it was a
%%%                        German--American engineer, Herman Hollerith,
%%%                        who turned punched-card technology into a
%%%                        commercial success in the business world in
%%%                        the 1880s. In the 20th Century, Hollerith's
%%%                        company evolved to become IBM Corporation.
%%%
%%%                        Hollerith's punched-card technology remained
%%%                        in wide use for almost a century, until the
%%%                        1970s. See the Hollerith biography in entry
%%%                        Austrian:1982:HHF, and also the story of one
%%%                        of the first serious abuses of [punched-card]
%%%                        technology in entry Black:2002:IHS.  That
%%%                        story is an important lesson about the
%%%                        potential dangers of the modern practice of
%%%                        excessive data collection and dissemination
%%%                        about living humans and their activities.
%%%
%%%                        Babbage was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
%%%                        in the University of Cambridge from 1828 to
%%%                        1839, the same Chair originally held by Isaac
%%%                        Newton, and much later, by astrophysicist
%%%                        Stephen Hawking.  However, Babbage spent
%%%                        little time in Cambridge, and never gave even
%%%                        a single lecture there while he occupied the
%%%                        Chair (see page 18 of entry
%%%                        Babbage:1994:PLP).
%%%
%%%                        Charles Babbage was a 19th Century polymath
%%%                        and prolific inventor.  Doron Swade's biography
%%%                        (page 215, entry Swade:2001:DEC) says of him:
%%%
%%%                            ``The scope of his work was broad even by
%%%                            the generous standards of Victorian
%%%                            polymathy --- mathematics, chess,
%%%                            lock-picking, taxation, life assurance,
%%%                            geology, politics, philosophy,
%%%                            electricity and magnetism,
%%%                            instrumentation, statistics, railways,
%%%                            machine tools, political economics,
%%%                            diving apparatus, submarines, navigation,
%%%                            travel, philology, cryptanalysis,
%%%                            industrial arts and manufacture,
%%%                            astronomy, lighthouses, ordnance, and
%%%                            archaeology.''
%%%
%%%                        One of Ada's earliest known, and preserved,
%%%                        on-paper attempts at programming Babbage's
%%%                        engine was her 1842 procedure for the
%%%                        computation of the Bernoulli numbers
%%%                        ($B_{2n}$).  For that reason, some credit her
%%%                        with being the world's first computer
%%%                        programmer, although Babbage likely wrote
%%%                        code as well.  See, for example, entries
%%%                        Kim:1999:AFC and Franksen:1981:MBD.
%%%
%%%                        For more on Babbage, Byron, and Lovelace, see
%%%                        books in this bibliography, and numerous Web
%%%                        sites, including at least these:
%%%
%%%                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Byron_Lovelace
%%%                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage
%%%                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron
%%%                            http://net.educause.edu/apps/er/review/reviewArticles/31240.html
%%%                            http://victoriangeek.hubpages.com/hub/Historiography-of-Ada-Augusta-Lovelace
%%%                            http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/sciencemath1/a/bio_lovelace.htm
%%%                            http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/sciencemath1/p/p_ada_lovelace.htm
%%%                            http://www.cbi.umn.edu/about/babbage.html
%%%                            http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/adalovelace/
%%%                            http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-lovelace-notes.html
%%%                            http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-bio.html
%%%                            http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html
%%%                            http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F23988.php
%%%                            http://www.nndb.com/people/946/000023877/
%%%                            http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/People/Charles%20Babbage%2017911871.aspx
%%%                            http://www.searchenginejournal.com/ada-lovelace-google-doodle/54193/
%%%
%%%                        There is a list of Babbage's publications on
%%%                        pages 373--375 of entry Babbage:1994:PLP, and
%%%                        a similar list is provided by Babbage biographer
%%%                        Anthony Hyman at
%%%
%%%                            http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/babbage/publish.html
%%%
%%%                        All of them have been included in this
%%%                        bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
@Preamble{
    "\ifx \undefined \booktitle \def \booktitle#1{{{\em #1}}} \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \cdprime   \def\cdprime{$''$} \fi"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:
@String{j-ADA-USER-J            = "Ada User Journal"}

@String{j-ALMAGEST              = "Almagest: International Journal for
                                   the History of Scientific Ideas"}

@String{j-AM-DOC                = "American Documentation"}

@String{j-AM-SCI                = "American Scientist"}

@String{j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY     = "American Mathematical Monthly"}

@String{j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT       = "Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-ANN-MATH-2            = "Annals of Mathematics (2)"}

@String{j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI    = "British Journal for the History of Science"}

@String{j-BSHM-BULL             = "BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society
                                  for the History of Mathematics"}

@String{j-BULL-INST-MATH-APPL   = "Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and
                                  its Applications"}

@String{j-CACM                  = "Communications of the ACM"}

@String{j-CHANCE                = "Chance"}

@String{j-COLLEGE-MATH-J        = "College Mathematics Journal"}

@String{j-COMMUN-BOOKNOTES-Q    = "Communication Booknotes Quarterly"}

@String{j-COMP-J                = "The Computer Journal"}

@String{j-COMP-LANGS            = "Computer Languages"}

@String{j-COMPUT-PHYS           = "Computers in Physics"}

@String{j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG        = "Computing in Science and Engineering"}

@String{j-COMPUTER              = "Computer"}

@String{j-DDJ                   = "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools"}

@String{j-DISCRETE-MATH         = "Discrete Mathematics"}

@String{j-ENDEAVOUR             = "Endeavour"}

@String{j-EUR-J-OPER-RES        = "European Journal of Operational Research"}

@String{j-EXPO-MATH             = "Expositiones Mathematicae"}

@String{j-HIST-MATH             = "Historia Mathematica"}

@String{j-HIST-SCI-UK           = "History of Science (UK)"}

@String{j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT  = "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-IEEE-MICRO            = "IEEE Micro"}

@String{j-IEEE-SOFTWARE         = "IEEE Software"}

@String{j-IEEE-SPECTRUM         = "IEEE Spectrum"}

@String{j-INFO-PROC-MAN         = "Information Processing and Management"}

@String{j-INT-J-ENG-SCI         = "International Journal of Engineering
                                  Science"}

@String{j-INVENT-MATH           = "Inventiones Mathematicae"}

@String{j-ISIS                  = "Isis"}

@String{j-J-DES-HIST            = "Journal of Design History"}

@String{j-J-ECON-LIT            = "Journal of Economic Literature"}

@String{j-J-FRANKLIN-INST       = "Journal of {The Franklin Institute}"}

@String{j-J-INF-PROCESS         = "Journal of the Information Processing
                                  Society of Japan"}

@String{j-J-OPER-MANAGE         = "Journal of Operations Management"}

@String{j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL = "Journal of the Royal Statistical
                                Society. Series A (General)"}

@String{j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SUPPL    = "Supplement to the Journal of the Royal
                                  Statistical Society"}

@String{j-J-STAT-SOC-LONDON     = "Journal of the Statistical Society of
                                  London"}

@String{j-LANCET                = "The Lancet (London, England)"}

@String{j-LEONARDO              = "Leonardo (Oxford, England)"}

@String{j-LINEAR-ALGEBRA-APPL   = "Linear Algebra and its Applications"}

@String{j-MATH-COMP-SIM         = "Mathematics and Computers in Simulation"}

@String{j-MATH-COMPUT           = "Mathematics of Computation"}

@String{j-MATH-GAZ              = "Mathematical Gazette"}

@String{j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT = "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids
                                  to Computation"}

@String{j-MATH-TEACH            = "The Mathematics Teacher"}

@String{j-MATH-TODAY            = "Mathematics Today"}

@String{j-MED-J-AUST            = "The Medical Journal of Australia"}

@String{j-MONAT-MATH-PHYSIK     = "Monatshefte f{\"u}r Mathematik und Physik"}

@String{j-MONTHLY-NOT-ROY-ASTRON-SOC = "Monthly Notices of the Royal
                                  Astronomical Society"}

@String{j-NATURE                = "Nature"}

@String{j-NEW-SCIENTIST         = "New Scientist"}

@String{j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND  = "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of
                                  London"}

@String{j-NUNCIUS               = "Nuncius"}

@String{j-NY-TIMES              = "New York Times"}

@String{j-PHIL-MAGAZINE         = "Philosophical Magazine"}

@String{j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
                                  Society of London"}

@String{j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS-SCI = "Philosophical
                                  Transactions of the Royal Society of
                                  London. Series A, Mathematical and
                                  Physical Sciences"}

@String{j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND       = "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"}

@String{j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS-SCI = "Proceedings of the Royal
                                  Society of London. Series A,
                                  Mathematical and physical sciences"}

@String{j-PUBL-MATH-DEBRECEN    = "Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen"}

@String{j-Q-REV-BIOL            = "Quarterly Review of Biology"}

@String{j-REV-HIST-SCI-LEURS-APPL = "Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et de Leurs
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-RUTHERFORD-J          = "Rutherford Journal"}

@String{j-SCI-AMER              = "Scientific American"}

@String{j-SCI-FICT-STUD         = "Science Fiction Studies"}

@String{j-SCI-MONTHLY           = "The Scientific Monthly"}

@String{j-SCI-NEWS-LETT         = "The Science News-Letter"}

@String{j-SCI-TECHNOL-HUMAN-VALUES = "Science, Technology and Human Values"}

@String{j-SCI-TECHNOL-LIB       = "Science \& Technology Libraries"}

@String{j-SCIENCE               = "Science"}

@String{j-SCRIPTA-MATH          = "Scripta Mathematica"}

@String{j-SIAM-REVIEW           = "SIAM Review"}

@String{j-SIGCSE                = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Computer Science Education)"}

@String{j-SMITHSONIAN           = "Smithsonian"}

@String{j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-SCI = "Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
                                  Part A"}

@String{j-SUDHOFFS-ARCH         = "{Sudhoffs Archiv: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r
                                  Wissenschaftsgeschichte}"}

@String{j-TECH-CULTURE          = "Technology and Culture"}

@String{j-TIMES                 = "The Times [London, UK]"}

@String{j-TRANS-CAMBRIDGE-PHILOS-SOC = "Transactions of the Cambridge
                                  Philosophical Society"}

@String{j-USSR-COMP-MATH-MATH-PHYS = "U.S.S.R. Computational Mathematics and
                                Mathematical Physics"}

@String{j-VIC-LIT-CULT          = "Victorian Literature and Culture"}

@String{j-VIC-STUD              = "Victorian Studies"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Publisher abbreviations:
@String{pub-ACM                 = "ACM Press"}
@String{pub-ACM:adr             = "New York, NY 10036, USA"}

@String{pub-AFIPS               = "AFIPS Press"}
@String{pub-AFIPS:adr           = "Montvale, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-AIP                 = "American Institute of Physics"}
@String{pub-AIP:adr             = "Woodbury, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-AMS                 = "American Mathematical Society"}
@String{pub-AMS:adr             = "Providence, RI, USA"}

@String{pub-APA                 = "American Psychological Association"}
@String{pub-APA:adr             = "Washington, DC, USA"}

@String{pub-BALLANTINE          = "Ballantine Books"}
@String{pub-BALLANTINE:adr      = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-BANTAM              = "Bantam Books"}
@String{pub-BANTAM:adr          = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS         = "Basic Books"}
@String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE           = "Cambridge University Press"}
@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr       = "Cambridge, UK"}

@String{pub-CHAPMAN-HALL-CRC    = "Chapman and Hall/CRC"}
@String{pub-CHAPMAN-HALL-CRC:adr = "Boca Raton, FL, USA"}

@String{pub-CLARENDON           = "Clarendon Press"}
@String{pub-CLARENDON:adr       = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-COLUMBIA            = "Columbia University Press"}
@String{pub-COLUMBIA:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-DOUBLEDAY           = "Doubleday"}
@String{pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr       = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-DOVER               = "Dover Publications, Inc."}
@String{pub-DOVER:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-ELSEVIER            = "Elsevier"}
@String{pub-ELSEVIER:adr        = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-FABER-FABER         = "Faber and Faber"}
@String{pub-FABER-FABER:adr     = "London, UK"}

@String{pub-FREE-PRESS          = "Free Press"}
@String{pub-FREE-PRESS:adr      = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-GREENWOOD           = "Greenwood Press"}
@String{pub-GREENWOOD:adr       = "88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881, USA"}

@String{pub-HARVARD             = "Harvard University Press"}
@String{pub-HARVARD:adr         = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-IEEE                = "IEEE Computer Society Press"}
@String{pub-IEEE:adr            = "1109 Spring Street, Suite 300,
                                  Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}

@String{pub-KLUWER              = "Kluwer Academic Publishers"}
@String{pub-KLUWER:adr          = "Norwell, MA, USA, and Dordrecht, The
                                  Netherlands"}

@String{pub-LITTLE-BROWN        = "Little, Brown and Co."}
@String{pub-LITTLE-BROWN:adr    = "Boston, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL         = "Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"}
@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

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@String{pub-PANTHEON            = "Pantheon Books"}
@String{pub-PANTHEON:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

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@String{pub-PENGUIN:adr         = "Harmondsworth, UK"}

@String{pub-PERGAMON            = "Pergamon Press"}
@String{pub-PERGAMON:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-PH                  = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall"}
@String{pub-PH:adr              = "Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA"}

@String{pub-PRINCETON           = "Princeton University Press"}
@String{pub-PRINCETON:adr       = "Princeton, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-PROJECT-GUTENBERG   = "Project Gutenberg"}
@String{pub-PROJECT-GUTENBERG:adr = "P.O. Box 2782,
                                     Champaign, IL 61825-2782,
                                     USA"}

@String{pub-ROUTLEDGE           = "Routledge \& Kegan Paul"}
@String{pub-ROUTLEDGE:adr       = "London, UK and New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-RUTGERS             = "Rutgers University Press"}
@String{pub-RUTGERS:adr         = "New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER      = "Simon and Schuster"}
@String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr  = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-STANFORD            = "Stanford University Press"}
@String{pub-STANFORD:adr        = "Stanford, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-SV                  = "Spring{\-}er-Ver{\-}lag"}
@String{pub-SV:adr              = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg,
                                  Germany~/ London, UK~/ etc."}

@String{pub-TICKNOR             = "Ticknor and Fields"}
@String{pub-TICKNOR:adr         = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-TOMASH              = "Tomash Publishers"}
@String{pub-TOMASH:adr          = "Los Angeles, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-U-CHICAGO           = "University of Chicago Press"}
@String{pub-U-CHICAGO:adr       = "Chicago, IL, USA"}

@String{pub-U-ILL               = "University of Illinois Press"}
@String{pub-U-ILL:adr           = "Urbana, IL, USA"}

@String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD = "Van Nostrand Reinhold"}
@String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-VIKING              = "Viking"}
@String{pub-VIKING:adr          = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-WADSWORTH           = "Wadsworth Publishing Company"}
@String{pub-WADSWORTH:adr       = "Pacific Grove, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-WILEY               = "Wiley"}
@String{pub-WILEY:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-WORLD-SCI           = "World Scientific Publishing
                                  Co. Pte. Ltd."}
@String{pub-WORLD-SCI:adr       = "P. O. Box 128, Farrer Road,
                                  Singapore 9128"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Series abbreviations:
@String{ser-BOSTON-STUD-PHILOS-SCI = "Boston Studies in the Philosophy of
                                  Science"}

@String{ser-PROJECT-GUTENBERG   = "Project Gutenberg"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Part 1: Publications by Charles Babbage
%%%
%%% All of the publications listed by Babbage himself, and reproduced in
%%% \cite[pages 372--375]{Babbage:1994:PLP}, are included here.
%%%
%%% Swade \cite[page 93]{Swade:2001:DEC} writes: ``The Science Museum
%%% Library in London holds a comprehensive manuscript archive of his
%%% [Babbage's] work on the Engines from which it is clear that his
%%% unpublished work is as rich as his published work is meagre.  His
%%% Scribbling Books [personal research notebooks] run to between 6,000
%%% and 7,000 sheets.  There are some 500 large design drawings showing
%%% the mechanical details of the Engines's mechanisms, and about 1,000
%%% sheets covered with his `Notations' --- symbolic descriptions of
%%% logical and mechanical flow using a sign language he
%%% invented. \ldots{} The scope and meticulous detail of the work is
%%% solid evidence of inspired accomplishment.''
%%%
%%% Bibliography entries, ordered by year, and then by citation label,
%%% with `bibsort --byyear':
@Article{Babbage:1813:CP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Continued Products",
  journal =      "Memoirs of the Analytical Society [{Cambridge}]",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1813",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 14:59:50 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Schweber:1981:ALT}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "The Analytical Society was formed by the author,
                 together with his friends John [later, in 1831, Sir
                 John] F. W. Herschel and George Peacock.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1813:P,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and John F. W. Herschel",
  title =        "The Preface",
  journal =      "Memoirs of the Analytical Society [{Cambridge}]",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1813",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 14:59:50 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Schweber:1981:ALT}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "The Analytical Society was formed by the two authors,
                 together with their friend George Peacock.",
}

@Article{Herschel:1813:EDT,
  author =       "John F. W. Herschel and Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On equations of differences and their application to
                 the determination of functions from given conditions",
  journal =      "Memoirs of the Analytical Society [{Cambridge}]",
  pages =        "65--114",
  year =         "1813",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 08 19:08:58 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Schweber:1981:ALT}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1815:ETC,
  author =       "C. Babbage",
  title =        "An Essay towards the Calculus of Functions",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "389--423",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1815",
  CODEN =        "PTRSAV",
  ISSN =         "0370-2316 (print), 2053-9207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/107377",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
}

@Article{Babbage:1816:DSD,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Demonstrations of Some of {Dr. Matthew Stewart}'s
                 General Theorems; To Which is Added, An Account of Some
                 New Properties of the Circle",
  journal =      "Journal of Science",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "6--24",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1816",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1816:ETC,
  author =       "C. Babbage",
  title =        "An Essay towards the Calculus of Functions. {Part
                 II}",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "179--256",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1816",
  CODEN =        "PTRSAV",
  ISSN =         "0370-2316 (print), 2053-9207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/107524",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
}

@Book{LaCroix:1816:ETD,
  author =       "Sylvestre F. LaCroix",
  title =        "An Elementary Treatise on the Differential and
                 Integral Calculus",
  publisher =    "J. Deighton",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1816",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Translation from French by Charles Babbage, John
                 Herschel, and George Peacock.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1817:AEM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "An Account of {Euler}'s Method of Solving a Problem
                 Relative to the Move of the Knight at the Game of
                 Chess",
  journal =      "Journal of Science",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "72--77",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1817",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1817:NRE,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Note Respecting Elimination",
  journal =      "Journal of Science",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "355--357",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1817",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1817:OAW,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the Analogy Which Subsists between the
                 Calculus of Functions and Other Branches of Analysis",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "107",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "197--216",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1817",
  CODEN =        "PTRSAV",
  ISSN =         "0370-2316 (print), 2053-9207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/107581",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
  remark =       "Read 17 April 1817.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1817:SSP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Solutions of Some Problems by Means of the Calculus of
                 Functions",
  journal =      "Journal of Science",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "371--379",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1817",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1819:DTR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Demonstration of a Theorem Relating to Prime Numbers",
  journal =      "Edin. Phil. Jrl",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "46--9",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1819",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1819:SNM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Some New Methods of Investigating the Sums of
                 Several Classes of Infinite Series",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "109",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "249--282",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1819",
  CODEN =        "PTRSAV",
  ISSN =         "0370-2316 (print), 2053-9207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/107505",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
  remark =       "Read 1 April 1819.",
}

@Book{Babbage:1820:EDI,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and John Herschel and George Peacock",
  title =        "Examples to the Differential and Integral Calculus",
  publisher =    "J. Deighton",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1820",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Babbage wrote Part 111, \booktitle{Examples of the
                 Solutions of Functional Equations}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Peacock:1820:CEA,
  author =       "George Peacock and John Frederick William Herschel and
                 Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A collection of examples of the applications of the
                 differential and integral calculus",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1820",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:28:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1821:ESQ,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "An Examination of Some Questions Connected with Games
                 of Chance",
  journal =      "Trans. Roy Soc.",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "153--177",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1821",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1822:BOM,
  author =       "John Hershel and Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Barometrical Observations, Made at the Fall of the
                 {Staubbach}",
  journal =      "{Brewster's Edinburgh Journal of Science}",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "224--227",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1822",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "The Staubbach Falls are near Lauterbrunnen,
                 Switzerland, midway between, and somewhat south of,
                 Bern and Lucerne.",
  xxjournal =    "Edin. Phil. Jrl.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1822:LSHa,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Letter to {Sir Humphry Davy}",
  journal =      "{Brewster's Edinburgh Journal of Science}",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "122--??",
  year =         "1822",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Exact title not yet located; cited in \cite [page
                 13]{Goldstine:1972:CPN}.",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1822:LSHb,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Letter to {Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. PRS}, on the
                 Application of Machinery to the Purpose of Calculating
                 and Printing Mathematical Tables",
  publisher =    "J. Booth",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1822",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1822:NRA,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Note Respecting the Application of Machinery to the
                 Calculation of Astronomical Tables",
  journal =      "Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "309--309",
  day =          "2",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1822",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015077097874&view=1up&seq=89",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Mem. Astron. Soc.",
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Read 14th June, 1822.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1822:OAM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the Application of Machinery to the
                 Computation of Mathematical Tables",
  journal =      "Mem. Astron. Soc.",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "311--314",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1822",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1822:ONE,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the Notation Employed in the Calculus
                 of Functions",
  journal =      j-TRANS-CAMBRIDGE-PHILOS-SOC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "63--76",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1822",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society",
  journal-URL =  "",
}

@Unpublished{Babbage:1822:SNR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The science of number reduced to mechanism",
  year =         "1822",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 17:14:47 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-2}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1823:AAD,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Application of Analysis to the Discovery of
                 Local Theorems and Porisms",
  journal =      "Trans. Roy. Son. Edin.",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "337--52",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1823",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1823:SOC,
  editor =       "Charles Babbage and Francis Maseres",
  title =        "Scriptores Optici; or, a Collection of Tracts Relating
                 to Optics",
  publisher =    "Baldwin, Craddock \& Joy",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1823",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Preface by C. Babbage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1823:TPM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Theoretical Principles of the Machinery for
                 Calculating Tables",
  journal =      "Edin. Phtl. Jrl.",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "122--128",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1823",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1824:OMH,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the Measurement of Heights by the
                 Barometer",
  journal =      "Edin. Jrl. Sci.",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1824",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1824:RPL,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Rates of the {Protector Life Assurance Company}",
  year =         "1824",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Privately printed, London, UK.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1825:ARM,
  author =       "C. Babbage and J. F. W. Herschel",
  title =        "Account of the Repetition of {M. Arago}'s Experiments
                 on the Magnetism Manifested by Various Substances
                 during the Act of Rotation",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "115",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "467--496",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1825",
  CODEN =        "PTRSAV",
  ISSN =         "0370-2316 (print), 2053-9207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/107753",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
}

@Book{Babbage:1826:CVV,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Comparative View of the Various Institutions for the
                 Assurance of Lives",
  publisher =    "J. Mawman",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xxxi + 170 + 27 + 1",
  year =         "1826",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:40:07 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  note =         "German translation, Weimar, 1827.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "From \cite[page 50]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``The spirit of
                 the book is one that recurs in his writings --- Babbage
                 as the self-elected defender of the unwary by exposing
                 scam, graft or infelicitous misrepresentation. It is,
                 in short, an early work on consumer protection.''",
  xxnote =       "Both `different' and `various' occur in the title in
                 library records for this book. The Babbage publication
                 list in \cite[pages 372--375, item
                 30]{Babbage:1994:PLP} has `different'.",
  xxtitle =      "A Comparative View of the Different Institutions for
                 the Assurance of Lives",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1826:DB,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  editor =       "E. Smedley and others",
  booktitle =    "{Encyclopaedia Metropolitana}",
  title =        "On the Diving Bell",
  volume =       "18",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "157--167",
  year =         "1826",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 20:52:39 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1826:DGT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Determination of the General Term of a New
                 Class of Infinite Series",
  journal =      j-TRANS-CAMBRIDGE-PHILOS-SOC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "217--25",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1826",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society",
  journal-URL =  "",
}

@Article{Babbage:1826:EMR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Electrical and Magnetic Rotations",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "116",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "494--528",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1826",
  CODEN =        "PTRSAV",
  ISSN =         "0370-2316 (print), 2053-9207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/107825",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
  remark =       "Read 15 June 1826.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1826:ESB,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Evidence on Savings Banks, before a {Committee of the
                 House of Commons}",
  journal =      "Reports from the {Committees of the House of
                 Commons}",
  volume =       "III",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1826--1827",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxpages =      "869--558 [sic]",
}

@Article{Babbage:1826:MES,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On a Method of Expressing by Signs the Action of
                 Machinery",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-TRANS-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "116",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "250--265",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1826",
  CODEN =        "PTRSAV",
  ISSN =         "0370-2316 (print), 2053-9207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/107813",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
}

@Article{Babbage:1826:NZM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On a New Zenith Micrometer",
  journal =      "Mem. Astron. Soc.",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "101--103",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1826",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1827:ISM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Influence of Signs in Mathematical Reasoning",
  journal =      j-TRANS-CAMBRIDGE-PHILOS-SOC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "325--377",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1827",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society",
  journal-URL =  "",
}

@Article{Babbage:1827:NRS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Notice respecting some Errors Common to many Tables of
                 Logarithms",
  journal =      "Mem. Astron. Soc.",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "65--67",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1827",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "From \cite[page 51]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``His [Babbage's]
                 investigation of tabular errors led to a short paper
                 read at an Astronomical Society meeting in March 1827
                 which revealed the astonishing detail with which he
                 analysed errors.''",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1827:TLN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Table of Logarithms of the Natural Numbers from $1$ to
                 $ 108000 $",
  publisher =    "J. Mawman",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1827",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "From \cite[page 51]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``In all, the
                 proofs were checked no fewer than nine times against
                 various sources and any discrepancies corrected. His
                 tables achieved a reputation for reliability, though a
                 hundred years later it emerged that the values for
                 numbers greater than 100,000 suffer from checking
                 errors --- they were proof-read in a tent in Ireland
                 during a storm.''",
}

@Article{Babbage:1829:AGC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Account of the {Great Congress of Philosophers at
                 Berlin on the 18th September 1828}",
  journal =      "Edin. Jrl. Sci.",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "225--34",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1829",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1829:GPW,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  editor =       "E. Smedley and others",
  booktitle =    "{Encyclopaedia Metropolitana}",
  title =        "On the General Principles which Regulate the
                 Application of Machinery to Manufacture and the
                 Mechanical Arts",
  volume =       "8",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "1--84",
  year =         "1829",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxtitle =      "Essay on the General Principles which Regulate the
                 Application of Machinery to Manufacture and the
                 Mechanical Arts",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1829:IVP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  editor =       "E. Smedley and others",
  booktitle =    "{Encyclopaedia Metropolitana}",
  title =        "An introductory view of the principles of
                 manufactures",
  volume =       "VIII",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1829",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 20:52:39 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1829:LRH,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Letter to the {Right Hon. T. P. Courtenay}, on the
                 Proportionate Number of Births of the Two Sexes under
                 Different Circumstances",
  journal =      "Edin. Jrl. Sci.",
  volume =       "NS, 1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "85--104",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1829",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1829:TLN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Table of logarithms of the natural numbers, from 1 to
                 108\,000",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "20 + 201",
  year =         "1829",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:28:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1830:ARM,
  author =       "C. Babbage and J. F. W. Herschel",
  title =        "Account of the Repetition of {M. Arago}'s Experiments
                 on the Magnetism Manifested by Various Substances
                 during the Act of Rotation. [Abstract]",
  journal =      "Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the {Philosophical
                 Transactions of the Royal Society of London}",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "249--250",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1830:EMR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Electrical and Magnetic Rotations. [Abstract]",
  journal =      "Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the {Philosophical
                 Transactions of the Royal Society of London}",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "287--288",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1830:ETC,
  author =       "C. Babbage",
  title =        "An Essay towards the Calculus of Functions
                 [Abstract]",
  journal =      "Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the {Philosophical
                 Transactions of the Royal Society of London}",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "29",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1830:MES,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On a Method of Expressing by Signs the Action of
                 Machinery. [Abstract]",
  journal =      "Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the {Philosophical
                 Transactions of the Royal Society of London}",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "273--274",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1830:MQ,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Mathematical Questions",
  journal =      "Mathematical Repository",
  volume =       "5 (new series)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "51, 63--4, 66--7, 71--2, 178--80",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1830",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1830:N,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Edinburgh} Encyclopaedia",
  title =        "On Notation",
  volume =       "15",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "394--399",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1830:OAW,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the Analogy Which Subsists between the
                 Calculus of Functions and other Branches of Analysis.
                 [Abstract]",
  journal =      "Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the {Philosophical
                 Transactions of the Royal Society of London}",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "69",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1830:P,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Edinburgh} Encyclopaedia",
  title =        "On Porisms",
  volume =       "17",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "106--14",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1830:RDS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Reflections on the Decline of Science in {England},
                 and some of its Causes",
  publisher =    "B. Fellowes",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "From \cite[page 61]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``In May 1830,
                 about the time Clement [his expert precision machinist]
                 restarted work on the Difference Engine, Babbage rocked
                 the scientific establishment to its core. [This book]
                 was published and caused a spectacularly bitter
                 furore.''",
}

@Article{Babbage:1830:SNM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Some New Methods of Investigating the Sums of
                 Several Classes of Infinite Series. [Abstract]",
  journal =      "Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the {Philosophical
                 Transactions of the Royal Society of London}",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1/3",
  pages =        "115",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1830:SPC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Sketch of the Philosophical Characters of {Dr.
                 Wollaston} and {Sir Humphry Davy}",
  publisher =    "B. Fellowes",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1830",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1831:EPO,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Sur l'emploi plus ou moins fr{\'e}quent des m{\^e}mes
                 lettres dans les diff{\'e}rentes langues. ({French})
                 [{On} the more or less frequent use of letters in
                 different languages]",
  journal =      "Corr. math{\'e}matique et physique",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "135--137",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1831",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Letter to L. A. J. Quetelet.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Babbage:1831:SLT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Specimen of Logarithm Tables",
  publisher =    "B. Fellowes",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1831",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "21 volumes, but on a single copy was printed; it is
                 now in the Crawford Library.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1831:TLN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Table of Logarithms of the Natural Numbers from
                 $1$--$ 108 \, 000 $, on Different Coloured Papers",
  publisher =    "B. Fellowes",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1831",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Single copy printed; 28 volumes are in the Crawford
                 Library, but Babbage said that 35 were printed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1832:ACN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Advantage of a collection of Numbers, to be
                 Entitled the Constants of Nature and Art",
  journal =      "Edin. Jrl. Sci.",
  volume =       "6 (new series)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "334--340",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1832",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1832:EMMa,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and J. Bate and Charles Knight and
                 Richard Clay",
  title =        "On the economy of machinery and manufactures by
                 {Charles Babbage, Esqre A. M. Lucasian Professor of
                 Mathematics in the University of Cambridge}, and member
                 of several academies.: Economy of manufactures",
  publisher =    "Charles Knight",
  address =      "Pall Mall East, London, UK",
  pages =        "xvi + 320 + 2",
  year =         "1832",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  note =         "Handwritten dedication: ``To Mr Berzelius from the
                 author''.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Translated into French, German, Italian, Russian,
                 Spanish, and Swedish. From \cite[page
                 ]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``In that year [1832] the most
                 substantial and successful of his six full-length works
                 appeared. \ldots{} This work, which has been described
                 as a `brilliant and utterly original foray into
                 political economy', grew out of Babbage's systematic
                 investigation of craft and manufacture prompted by the
                 demands for precision in the construction of the
                 Difference Engine.''",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
  subject-date = "Berzelius, Jacob, (1779--1848)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1832:EMMb,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the economy of machinery and manufactures",
  publisher =    "C. Knight",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xxiv + 387",
  year =         "1832",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reproduction of original from Kress Library of
                 Business and Economics, Harvard University.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 27353.2.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Economic aspects; industrialists",
}

@Book{Babbage:1832:EMMc,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the economy of machinery and manufactures",
  publisher =    "C. Knight",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xxiv + 392",
  year =         "1832",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reproduction of original from Goldsmiths' Library,
                 University of London. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 27926.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Article{Babbage:1832:LSD,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Letter to {Sir David Brewster}, on the Advantage of a
                 Collection of the Constants of Nature and Art",
  journal =      "{Brewster's Edinburgh Journal of Science}",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "334--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1832",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:29:23 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxjournal =    "{The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and
                 Journal of Science. Conducted by Sir David Brewster,
                 Richard Taylor, and Richard Phillips}",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1833:CNS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Currency, on a Near System of Manufacturing, and on
                 the Effect of Machinery on Human Labour",
  publisher =    "Charles Knight",
  address =      "Pall Mall East, London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1833",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:19:31 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Three chapters from \cite{Babbage:1832:EMMc}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1833:LSD,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Letter to {Sir David Brewster}, on the Advantage of a
                 Collection of the Constants of Nature and Art",
  publisher =    "British Association for the Promotion of Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1833",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:31:24 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Babbage:1832:LSD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1833:TCM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Trait{\'e} sur l'{\'e}conomie des machines et des
                 manufactures. ({French}) [{On} the economy of machinery
                 and manufactures]",
  publisher =    "Bachelier",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "xvi + 515",
  year =         "1833",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "Translation by {\'E}d. Biot of \booktitle{On the
                 economy of machinery and manufactures}. Also filmed as
                 item no. 27936.2. Reproduction of original from
                 Goldsmiths' Library, University of London.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 27927.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Book{Babbage:1833:UMF,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "{Ueber Maschinen- und Fabrikenwesen}. ({German}) [{On}
                 the economy of machinery and manufactures]",
  publisher =    "Im Verlage der Stuhrschen Buchhandlung",
  address =      "Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "iii + 462",
  year =         "1833",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Translation by G. Friedenberg of \booktitle{On the
                 economy of machinery and manufactures}. With a foreword
                 by K. F. Kl{\"o}den. Reproduction of original from
                 Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard
                 University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 27936.3.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1833:WW,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Word to the Wise",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "16",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1833",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Babbage:1856:WWO}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Signed: C. Babbage, and dated: July, 1833.
                 Reproduction of original from Goldsmiths' Library,
                 University of London. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 28391.",
  subject =      "Inheritance and succession; Great Britain; Legislative
                 bodies; Reform",
}

@Book{Babbage:1834:ABC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Articles on {Babbage}'s calculating engine by
                 {Babbage} and others",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "Edinburgh, Scotland",
  pages =        "300",
  year =         "1834",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:40:07 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "[Edinburgh review, vol. 59, no. 70, July 1834, art. 1,
                 pp. 264-327.]. A newspaper article, dated 13th Oct.
                 1841, entitled ``The calculating machine'' has been
                 pasted on the inside of the back cover.",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1834:APE,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Abstract of a Paper Entitled: \booktitle{Observations
                 on the Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli; with Remarks on
                 Certain Causes which May Produce Geological Cycles of
                 Great Extent}",
  publisher =    "Richard Taylor",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1834",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:24:12 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Babbage:1834:OTS}, which appears to be
                 the same as this, with another title. Full paper
                 published in \cite{Babbage:1847:OTS}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "From the volume 2 cover: ``The \booktitle{Proceedings
                 of the Geological Society of London} is printed by R.
                 and J. E. Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, and
                 sold at the Apartments of the Society, Somerset House,
                 1838.''",
}

@Article{Babbage:1834:OTS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the {Temple of Serapis} at {Pozzuoli},
                 near {Naples}; with Remarks on certain Causes which may
                 produce Geological Cycles of great Extent",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the {Geological Society of London}",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "72--76",
  year =         "1834",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 12:15:54 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Read [in abbreviated form] 12 March 1834 by W. H.
                 Fitton. The full article did not appear until 13 years
                 later; see \cite{Babbage:1847:OTS}.",
  URL =          "http://www.archive.org/download/proceedings218331838geol/proceedings218331838geol.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1834:SCM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Science {\'e}conomique des manufactures. ({French})
                 [{On} the economy of machinery and manufactures]",
  publisher =    "Dondey-Dupr{\'e}",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "xxiii + 392",
  year =         "1834",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "A translation of chapters 13--34 of \booktitle{On the
                 economy of machinery and manufactures}. Reproduction of
                 original from Goldsmiths' Library, University of
                 London. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 28497.",
  subject =      "Manufactures; Economic aspects; Economics",
}

@Book{Babbage:1834:SED,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Sulla economia delle macchine e delle manifatture.
                 ({Italian}) [{On} the economy of machinery and
                 manufactures]",
  publisher =    "G. Piatti",
  address =      "Firenze[, Italy]",
  pages =        "311",
  year =         "1834",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "Italian",
  remark =       "Errata precedes text. First Italian translation of
                 \booktitle{On the economy of machinery and
                 manufactures}. Reproduction of original from Kress
                 Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 28505.4.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Book{Babbage:1834:TCM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Trait{\'e} sur l'{\'e}conomie des machines et des
                 manufactures. ({French}) [{On} the economy of machinery
                 and manufactures]",
  publisher =    "H. Dumont",
  address =      "Bruxelles, Belgium",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "viii + 468",
  year =         "1834",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "Translation to French of \booktitle{On the economy of
                 machinery and manufactures}. Reproduction of original
                 from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard
                 University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 28505.5.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Book{Babbage:1834:TEA,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Trait{\'e} sur les effets et les avantages qui
                 r{\'e}sultent de l'emploi des outils et des machines.
                 ({French}) [{Treatise} on the effects and advantages
                 which result from the use of tools and machines]",
  publisher =    "Soci{\'e}t{\'e} d'encouragement pour l'instruction
                 {\'e}l{\'e}mentaire",
  address =      "????, France",
  pages =        "270",
  year =         "1834",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "A reprint of chapters 1--12 of the French translation
                 by E. Biot, with a few changes and omissions, of
                 Babbage's \booktitle{Treatise on machines}.
                 Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business
                 and Economics, Harvard University. Goldsmiths'-Kress
                 no. 28505.6.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Article{Lardner:1834:BCE,
  author =       "Dionysius Lardner",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Calculating Engines",
  journal =      "Edinburgh Review",
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "263--327",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1834",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 18 09:28:30 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprinted in \cite[volume 2, page
                 169]{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB}.",
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1835:ACN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Advantage of a collection of Numbers, to be
                 Entitled the Constants of Nature and Art",
  journal =      "Compte Rendus des Travaux du Congr{\`e}s
                 G{\'e}n{\'e}ral de Statistique",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "222--230",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1835",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Expanded version of \cite{Babbage:1832:ACN}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1835:EMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures",
  publisher =    "Charles Knight",
  address =      "Pall Mall East, London, UK",
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "xxiv + 408",
  year =         "1835",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:53:11 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reproduction of original from Goldsmiths' Library,
                 University of London. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 29014.1.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1835:LMQ,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Une lettre {\`a} {M. Quetelet} de {M. Ch. Babbage}
                 relativement {\`a} la machine {\`a} calculer.
                 ({French}) [{A} letter to {Mr. Quetelet} from {Mr. Ch.
                 Babbage} relative to the calculating machine]",
  journal =      "Acad. Roy. Bruxelles, Bulletins",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "123--126",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1835",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1835:LMS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  editor =       "Francis Baily",
  booktitle =    "An Account of the {Revd John Flamsteed, the First
                 Astronomer-Royal}",
  title =        "Letter from {Mr. Abraham Sharp} to {Mr. J. Crosthwait,
                 Hoxton, Feb. 2, 1721--2}, Decyphered by {C. Babbage,
                 Esq.} From the Original Letter in Shorthand",
  publisher =    "Admiralty",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "348, 390",
  year =         "1835",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1835:TMP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Tratado de mec{\'a}nica pr{\'a}ctica y economia
                 politica. ({Spanish}) [{Treatise} on practical
                 mechanics and political economics]",
  publisher =    "Martinez",
  address =      "Madrid, Spain",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xx + 356 + 12 + 1",
  year =         "1835",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  note =         "Translation to Spanish by Jos{\'e} Diez Imbrechts",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "Spanish",
  remark =       "Translation of \booktitle{On the economy of machinery
                 and manufactures}. Reproduction of original from Kress
                 Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 29014.2.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Book{Barlow:1836:TMM,
  author =       "Peter Barlow and Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A treatise on the manufactures and machinery of {Great
                 Britain}",
  publisher =    "Baldwin and Cradock",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "viii + 834 + 87",
  year =         "1836",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1776--1862",
  remark =       "To which is prefixed, \booktitle{An introductory view
                 of the principles of manufactures} by Charles Babbage,
                 forming a portion of the \booktitle{Encyclop{\ae}dia
                 metropolitana}. Reproduction of original from
                 Goldsmiths' Library, University of London.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 29401.",
  subject =      "Manufactures; Great Britain; Machinery in the
                 workplace; Industries",
}

@Article{Babbage:1837:ISR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Impressions in Sandstone Resembling Those of
                 Horses' Hoofs",
  journal =      j-PHIL-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "10 (series 3)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "474",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1837",
  CODEN =        "PHMAA4",
  ISSN =         "0031-8086",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-8086",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:24:53 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical Magazine",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm19",
  xxnote =       "Check title and other publication details?? No online
                 data before 1978 at publisher Web site.",
}

@Unpublished{Babbage:1837:MPC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Mathematical Powers of the Calculating Engine",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "26",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1837",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:09:59 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "Unpublished manuscript Buxton MS7 held by Museum of
                 the History of Science, Oxford, UK. Reprinted in
                 \cite[\S 2.1, pages 19--54]{Randell:1982:ODC}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  mynote =       "`The result of my reflections has been that numbers
                 containing more than thirty places of figures will not
                 be required for a long time to come. I have, however,
                 made the drawings of the Engine for forty places of
                 figures. All additions and subtractions may be made
                 with such numbers and the products, amounting to eighty
                 places, may be preserved in the Store and brought back
                 into the mill to be divided by numbers of forty places
                 of figures, thus retaining forty places in the
                 quotient.' [from page 49].",
}

@Book{Babbage:1837:NBT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The Ninth {Bridgewater} Treatise: a Fragment",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1837",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "The Bridgewater treatises are a series of books on
                 theology. The first eight were funded by the estate of
                 the Reverend Francis Henry Egerton, FRS (1756--1829).
                 Babbage was not asked to write the ninth, but he did
                 anyway, without support.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1838:ISR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Impressions in Sandstone Resembling Those of
                 Horses' Hoofs",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the Geological Society of London",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "439--439",
  year =         "1838",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105665#page/355/mode/1up",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1838:NBT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The Ninth {Bridgewater} Treatise: a Fragment",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1838",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1838:SAM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Short account of a method by which Engraving on Wood
                 may be rendered more useful for the Illustration and
                 Description of Machinery",
  journal =      "Report of Meeting of {British Association of
                 Newcastle}",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "154--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1838",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:43:08 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1839:LMB,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Letter from {Mr. Babbage} to the {Members of the
                 British Association for the Promotion of Science}",
  publisher =    "Richard Clay",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1839",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1843:AMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Addition to the memoir of {M. Menabrea} on the
                 {Analytical Engine}. {Scientific} memoirs, vol. {III}.
                 {Part XII}. p. 666",
  journal =      j-PHIL-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "151",
  pages =        "235--239",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1843",
  CODEN =        "PHMAA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786444308644724",
  ISSN =         "0031-8086",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-8086",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 13:06:50 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786444308644724",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Philosophical Magazine",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm19",
  keywords =     "Luigi Federico Menabrea",
  remark =       "See \cite[pages 260--282]{Woolley:1999:BSR} and
                 \cite[pages 162--164]{Swade:2001:DEC} for accounts of
                 Babbage's demands to augment Augusta Ada Lovelace's
                 paper \cite{Lovelace:1843:NTL} with additional material
                 containing his grievances about the inadequate
                 financial support of British government for the
                 development and manufacture of his Engines. She
                 rebuffed him, and he therefore published this paper
                 separately.",
  xxjournal =    "The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical
                 Magazine and Journal of Science, 3d ser.",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1843:DBA,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  booktitle =    "Handbook for Travellers in {Central Italy}",
  title =        "Description of the Boracic Acid Works of {Tuscany}",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "178--179",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1843",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxbooktitle =  "{Murray}'s Handbook of {Central Italy}",
  xxtitle =      "Note on the Boracic Acid Works in {Tuscany}",
}

@Book{Babbage:1846:EMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the economy of machinery and manufactures",
  publisher =    "J. Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "xxiv + 408",
  year =         "1846",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reproduction of original from Kress Library of
                 Business and Economics, Harvard University.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 34601A.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures; Economic aspects",
}

@Article{Babbage:1846:OTS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the {Temple of Serapis} at {Pozzuoli},
                 Near {Naples}",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the {Geological Society of London}",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1846",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:27:07 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109652",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxnote =       "Check title and other publication details?? This
                 reference is mentioned in \cite[pages 372--375, items
                 48--49]{Babbage:1994:PLP} Publication of the
                 \booktitle{Proceedings of the Geological Society}
                 ceased in 1845, and the journal was then renamed
                 \booktitle{The Quarterly Journal of the Geological
                 Society of London}. However, Babbage is not listed in
                 the table of contents of that journal for 1846, nor is
                 his name, or Serapis, found in the 694-page PDF file of
                 that volume (but they could be obscured by OCR errors).
                 Pozzuoli is there, on molluscs (pages 15--16), and in
                 an obituary (page 146). The correct reference is very
                 likely \cite{Babbage:1847:OTS}.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1847:OTS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the {Temple of Serapis} at {Pozzuoli},
                 Near {Naples}, with remarks on certain causes which may
                 produce Geological Cycles of great extent",
  journal =      "The Quarterly Journal of the {Geological Society of
                 London}",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "186--217",
  year =         "1847",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:27:07 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Read 12 March 1834. First publication of an older
                 paper given only in abbreviated form
                 \cite{Babbage:1834:APE}.",
  URL =          "http://www.archive.org/download/quarterlyjournal31847geol/quarterlyjournal31847geol.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "The paper begins: ``[This paper, by the request of the
                 author, was returned to him soon after it was read, and
                 has been in his possession ever since. Other avocations
                 obliged him to lay it aside, and he only recently
                 returned it to the Council, ready for publication. An
                 abstract both of the facts and of the theory, drawn up
                 by the author, was however printed in the Proceedings
                 of the Geol. Society for March 1834, vol. ii. p. 72.]''
                 The alternate title in the xxtitle field is from
                 \cite[pages 372--357, item 49]{Babbage:1994:PLP}, but
                 is almost certainly incorrect.",
  xxtitle =      "Observations on the {Temple of Serapis} at {Pozzuoli},
                 Near {Naples}, with Supplemental Conjectures on the
                 Physical State of the Surface of the {Moon}",
}

@Article{Babbage:1847:PNR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The Planet {Neptune} and the {Royal Astronomical
                 Society's Medal}",
  journal =      j-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1847",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  ISSN-L =       "0140-0460",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "The Times [London, UK]",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/",
  xxtitle =      "On the Planet {Neptune}",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1847:PTT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  editor =       "Charles Holtzapffel",
  booktitle =    "Turning and Mechanical Manipulation",
  title =        "On the Principles of Tools for Turning and Planing
                 Metals'",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "Holtzapffel",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "984--987",
  year =         "1847",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1848:TPT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Thoughts on the Principles of Taxation with Reference
                 to a Property Tax, and its Exceptions",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "24",
  year =         "1848",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reproduction of original from Kress Library of
                 Business and Economics, Harvard University.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 35659.",
  subject =      "Taxation; income tax",
}

@Misc{Babbage:1849:AMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "General Plan, No. 25, of {Mr. Babbage}'s Gerat
                 Calculating or {Analytical Engine}",
  year =         "1849",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:45:35 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Lithographed at Paris, 24 by 36 inches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1851:EVI,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The {Exposition of 1851}; or Views of the Industry,
                 the Science, and the {Government of England}",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1851",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:37:49 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1851:LMN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Laws of Mechanical Notation",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1851",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Privately printed, London, UK.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1851:NRL,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Note respecting Lighthouses (Occulting Lights)",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1851",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:57:44 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Privately printed, London, UK. Communicated to the
                 Trinity House, 30 November 1851. Reprinted in the
                 Appendix to the Report on Lighthouses presented to the
                 Senate of the United States, February 1852. Reprinted
                 in the \booktitle{Mechanics' Magazine}, and in various
                 other periodicals and newspapers, 1852--1853. Reprinted
                 in various parts of the Report of Commissioners
                 appointed to examine into the state of Lighthouses,
                 Parliamentary Paper, 1861.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1851:SNC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "{[Scrapbook} of newspaper clippings from 1847? to
                 1851?]",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "London, England [??]",
  year =         "1851",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  note =         "3646 items.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reproduction of original from Kress Library of
                 Business and Economics, Harvard University.
                 Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 35476.1.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1852:NRP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Note Respecting the Pink Projections from the {Sun}'s
                 Disc Observed during the Total Solar Eclipse in 1851",
  journal =      "Monthly Notices Astron. Soc.",
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "209--10",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1852",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1853:SL,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Statistics of Lighthouses",
  journal =      "Compte Rendus des Travaux du Congr{\`e}s
                 G{\'e}n{\'e}ral de Statistique, Bruxelles",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "237--237",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1853",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxtitle =      "On the Statistics of Light-houses",
}

@Article{Babbage:1854:MTCa,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "{Mr. Thwaites}'s Cypher",
  journal =      "Jrl. Soc. Arts",
  volume =       "90",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "663--664",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1854",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1854:MTCb,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "{Mr. Thwaites}'s Cypher",
  journal =      "Jrl. Soc. Arts",
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "707--708",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1854",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxtitle =      "On Secret or Cipher Writing. {Mr. T}'s Cipher
                 Deciphered by {Charles Babbage}.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1854:MTCc,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "{Mr. Thwaites}'s Cypher",
  journal =      "Jrl. Soc. Arts",
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "732--733",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1854",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1854:MTCd,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "{Mr. Thwaites}'s Cypher",
  journal =      "Jrl. Soc. Arts",
  volume =       "98",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "776--777",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1854",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxtitle =      "On {Mr. T.}'s Second Inscrutable Cipher Deciphered by
                 {Charles Babbage}",
}

@Article{Babbage:1854:RO,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Report on the Opthalmoscope",
  journal =      "British and Foreign Medical Review",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "425--432",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1854",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1855:CW,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Cypher Writing",
  journal =      "Jrl. Soc. Arts",
  volume =       "159",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "40--41",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1855",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1855:MLGa,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Method of Laying the Guns of a Battery Without
                 Exposing the Men to the Shot of the Enemy",
  journal =      "Illustrated {London} News",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1855",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1855:MLGb,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On a Method of Laying Guns in a Battery without
                 exposing the men to the shot of the enemy",
  journal =      j-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "8",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1855",
  ISSN =         "0140-0460, 0956-1382",
  ISSN-L =       "0140-0460",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 10:08:31 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "The Times [London, UK]",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/",
}

@Article{Babbage:1855:MSM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Sur la machine su{\`e}doise de {MM. Scheutz} pour
                 calculer les tables math{\'e}matiques. ({French}) [{On}
                 the {Swedish} machine of {MM. Scheutz} for calculating
                 mathematical tables]",
  journal =      "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires, Acad{\'e}mie des
                 Sciences, Paris",
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "557--560",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1855",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Babbage:1855:PUO,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Possible Use of the Occulting Telegraph at
                 {Sebastapol}",
  journal =      j-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "16",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1855",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  ISSN-L =       "0140-0460",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "The Times [London, UK]",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/",
  xxtitle =      "Letter to the Editor of the \booktitle{Times}, on
                 Occulting Lights for Lighthouses and Night Signals.
                 {Flashing} Lights at {Sebastapol}",
}

@Article{Babbage:1855:SN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On Submarine Navigation",
  journal =      "Illustrated {London} News",
  volume =       "749",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "623--624",
  day =          "23",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1855",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Hooper:1855:JSA,
  author =       "George N. Hooper and Charles Babbage and Hyde Clarke
                 and Thomas Webster and M. S. Bentham and S. A. Good",
  title =        "Journal of the Society for Arts",
  journal =      "The Journal of the Society of Arts",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "159",
  pages =        "29--44",
  day =          "7",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1855",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Airy:1856:SCM,
  author =       "George Biddell Airy",
  title =        "On {Scheutz}'s Calculating Machine",
  journal =      j-PHIL-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "12 (series 4)",
  number =       "78",
  pages =        "225--226",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1856",
  CODEN =        "PHMAA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786445608642168",
  ISSN =         "0031-8086",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-8086",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 13 17:28:42 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Comments on a report \cite{Wrottesley:1856:PLS} on
                 Scheutz's engine.",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14786445608642168",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Philosophical Magazine",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm19",
  onlinedate =   "26 May 2009",
  received =     "25 August 1856",
  remark =       "Scheutz's machine is based on Babbage's Difference
                 Engine, and a few were successfully manufactured in
                 Sweden. Airy was strongly opposed to Babbage, but the
                 first page of this article suggests that he was
                 impressed by Scheutz's engine, which calculated to 15
                 decimal digits, and printed 8 digits of the result.",
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1856:ACN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Advantage of a collection of Numbers, to be
                 Entitled the Constants of Nature and Art",
  journal =      "The Annual Report of the {Board of Regents of the
                 Smithsonian Institution}",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "289--302",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1856",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Expanded version of \cite{Babbage:1832:ACN}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1856:AOC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Action of Ocean Currents in the Formation of
                 the Strata of the {Earth}",
  journal =      "Quart. Jrl. Geol. Soc.",
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "366--368",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1856",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1856:ASC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Analysis of the Statistics of the {Clearing House}
                 During the Year 1839",
  journal =      j-J-STAT-SOC-LONDON,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "28--48",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1856",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Also published as a separate pamphlet.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Jrl. Stat. Soc.",
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Statistical Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/09595341.html",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1856:OAL,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations Addressed at the Last Anniversary to the
                 {President and Fellows of the Royal Society}",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1856",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxtitle =      "Observations Addressed to the {President and Fellows
                 of the Royal Society} on the Award of Their Medals",
}

@Article{Babbage:1856:OCB,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations by {Charles Babbage}, on the Mechanical
                 Notation of {Scheutz's Difference Engine}, prepared and
                 drawn up by his Son, {Major Henry Prevost Babbage},
                 addressed to the {Institution of Civil Engineers}",
  journal =      "Minutes of Proceedings [of the {Institution of Civil
                 Engineers}]",
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1856",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 10:10:10 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1856:WWO,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Word to the Wise: Observations on Peerage for Life",
  publisher =    "John Murray",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1856",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Babbage:1833:WW}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Wrottesley:1856:PLS,
  author =       "{Lord} Wrottesley",
  title =        "Proceedings of Learned Societies: {Royal Society}:
                 {``Report of a Committee appointed by the Council to
                 examine the Calculating Machine of M. Scheutz''}",
  journal =      j-PHIL-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "11 (series 4)",
  number =       "75 (supplement)",
  pages =        "540--548",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1856",
  CODEN =        "PHMAA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786445608642120",
  ISSN =         "0031-8086",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-8086",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 08:47:53 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "The committee consisted of Professors George G.
                 Stokes, W. H. Miller, Charles Wheatstone, and Rev. R.
                 Willis.",
  URL =          "http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822016397200;
                 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786445608642120",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Philosophical Magazine",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm19",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Edvard Scheutz; Georg Scheutz",
  received =     "21 June 1855",
  remark =       "The report notes on page 542 that the machine
                 calculates 15 digits, but prints only 8, with upward
                 rounding of the 8th printed digit when the 9th digit
                 changes from 4 to 5. It also says that by digit-wheel
                 changes, the machine can report its results in a mixed
                 base of degrees, minutes, and seconds. The report
                 analyzes the truncation error in the differencing, and
                 calculates that the machine can be run about 125 steps
                 without resetting, in order to print 8 correct digits.
                 The authors conclude with this statement: ``It has been
                 suggested to us too, and we think with good reason,
                 that the machine would be very useful even for the mere
                 reprinting of old tables, because it could calculate
                 and print more quickly than a good compositor could set
                 the types, and that without risk of error.''",
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1857:TRF,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Table of the Relative Frequency of Occurrence of the
                 Causes of Breaking of Plate-Glass Windows",
  journal =      "Mechanics' Magazine",
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "82--82",
  day =          "24",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1857",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1859:ODV,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the Discovery in Various Localities of
                 the Remains of Human Art Mixed with the Bones of
                 Extinct Races of Animals",
  journal =      j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "59--72",
  day =          "26",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1859--1860",
  CODEN =        "PRSLAZ",
  ISSN =         "0370-1662 (print), 2053-9126 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/111607",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Proc. Roy. Soc.",
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/by/year",
  received =     "26 May 1859",
  xxtitle =      "On Remains of Human Art, mixed with the Bones of
                 Extinct Races of Animals [incorrect title, cited in
                 \cite[pages 372--357, item 78]{Babbage:1994:PLP}].",
}

@InProceedings{Babbage:1860:ERS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Fourth International Statistical
                 Congress",
  title =        "On Easily Recognisable Signs in Drawings",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1860",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InProceedings{Babbage:1860:LDF,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Fourth International Statistical
                 Congress",
  title =        "Letter to {Dr. Farr}, on the Origin of the
                 {International Statistical Congresses}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1860",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1864:CSN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A chapter on street nuisances",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "300",
  year =         "1864",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:40:07 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Babbage was bothered in his work by the sounds of
                 street musicians, wrote publicly in opposition to them,
                 and complained to authorities to get them either
                 banned, or moved from his street.",
}

@Book{Babbage:1864:PLP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Passages from the Life of a Philosopher",
  publisher =    "Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xii + 496",
  year =         "1864",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 A2",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "\booktitle{A Chapter on Street Nuisances} was
                 published earlier by John Murray.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "This is as close to an autobiography as Babbage was
                 willing to write; see comments by Martin Campbell-Kelly
                 in the introduction of \cite{Babbage:1994:PLP}.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871",
  xxpublisher =  "Longman, Green",
  xxtitle =      "Passages on the Life of a Philosopher",
}

@Book{Babbage:1865:TUE,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Thoughts upon an Extension of the Franchise",
  publisher =    "Longman, Green",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1865",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Babbage:1868:OPR,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Observations on the Parallel Roads of {Glen Roy}",
  journal =      "Quart. Jrl. Geol. Soc.",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "273--277",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1868",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Swade \cite[page 215]{Swade:2001:DEC} says this was
                 Babbage's last paper; a later entry in this
                 bibliography \cite{Babbage:1869:ELA} is a reprint of an
                 old letter.",
}

@Article{Babbage:1869:ELA,
  author =       "Chas Babbage",
  title =        "Extract from a Letter Addressed by {Chas. Babbage,
                 Esq., F.R.S.}, to {Dr. Bache}, of {Washington, May 10,
                 1852}",
  journal =      j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "133",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1869",
  CODEN =        "PRSLAZ",
  ISSN =         "0370-1662 (print), 2053-9126 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 10:43:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/by/year",
}

@Book{Babbage:1880:EMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and Charles Pierre Lefebvre de
                 Laboulaye",
  title =        "{{\'E}}conomie des machines et des manufactures
                 d'apr{\'e}s l'ouvrage anglais de {Ch. Babbage}.
                 ({French}) [{The} economics of machines and
                 manufacturing according to the {English} work of {Ch.
                 Babbage}]",
  publisher =    "Librairie du dictionnaire des arts et manufactures",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "vi + 460",
  year =         "1880",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:15 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39709573.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  language =     "French",
  subject =      "Machinery",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1889:HAE,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "History of the {Analytical Engine} [incomplete]",
  crossref =     "Babbage:1889:BCB",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1889",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:58:10 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Incomplete at Babbage's death. Published
                 posthumously.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Booklet{Babbage:1899:HIM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "How to Invent Machinery",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1899",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:20:56 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Extract of \cite{Babbage:1832:EMMc}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1915:TLN,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Table of Logarithms of the Natural Numbers from $1$
                 to $ 108 \, 000 $",
  publisher =    "F. \& F. N. Spon",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xx + 222",
  year =         "1915",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 08:20:42 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reproduced in \cite{Anonymous:2003:BLT}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InProceedings{Babbage:1953:AEL,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and Ada Augusta Lovelace",
  title =        "{Appendix 2}: {Extracts} From the
                 {{\booktitle{Lovelace Papers}}}",
  crossref =     "Bowden:1953:FTT",
  pages =        "409--409",
  year =         "1953",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 08 08:33:30 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Quotes from four letters between Charles Babbage and
                 the Countess of Lovelace.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1953:ESQ,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "An examination of some questions connected with games
                 of chance",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    "Academic Reprints",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "154--177",
  year =         "1953",
  LCCN =         "QA273 .B23",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 29 20:39:05 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/probstat1950.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Natural science papers",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of
                 Edinburgh, v. 9 (1823).",
  subject =      "Games of chance (Mathematics)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1963:EMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the economy of machinery and manufactures",
  publisher =    "A. M. Kelley",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  edition =      "Fourth (1835)",
  pages =        "xxiv + 408",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "TJ153 .B112 1835",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:37:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  series =       "Reprints of economic classics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Book{Babbage:1967:BT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The {9. Bridgewater Treatise}",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "273",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:28:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  series =       "Cass library of science classics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1967:CVV,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A Comparative View of the Various Institutions for the
                 Assurance of Lives",
  publisher =    "Augustus M. Kelley",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xxxi + 170",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 11:08:18 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Babbage:1826:CVV}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1968:PLP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Passages from the life of a philosopher",
  publisher =    "Dawsons",
  pages =        "xii + 496",
  year =         "1968",
  ISBN =         "0-7129-0312-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7129-0312-7",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 A2 1864a",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:37:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Facsimile reprint of first edition, London, Longmans,
                 1864.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Goldstine \cite [page 10]{Goldstine:1972:CPN} says of
                 this collection of papers: ``Here is a set of papers
                 ranging from the sublime to the ridiculous, from
                 profundities to nonsense in plain bad taste. Indeed,
                 much of Babbage's career is of this sort. It is a
                 wonder he had as many good and loyal friends when his
                 behavior was so peculiar.''",
}

@Book{Babbage:1969:PLP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Passages from the Life of a Philosopher",
  publisher =    "Augustus M. Kelley",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xii + 496",
  year =         "1969",
  ISBN =         "0-678-00479-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-678-00479-1",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 A2",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Babbage:1864:PLP}.",
  series =       "Reprints of Economic Classics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Contains list of Babbage's printed papers on pp.
                 493--496.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871",
}

@Book{Babbage:1970:RDS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and Gerard Moll",
  title =        "Reflections on the decline of science in {England},
                 and on some of its causes,: On the alleged decline of
                 science in {England}",
  publisher =    "Augustus M. Kelley",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xvi + 228 + 33",
  year =         "1970",
  ISBN =         "0-678-00645-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-678-00645-0",
  LCCN =         "Q127.G4 B3 1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Reprints of economic classics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "With a foreword by Michael Faraday.",
  subject =      "Science; Great Britain; History",
}

@Book{Babbage:1971:EMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures",
  publisher =    "Augustus M. Kelley",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xxiv + 408 + 28 + 15",
  year =         "1971",
  LCCN =         "TJ153 .B13 1971",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:53:11 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of 1835 edition, with the addition of
                 \booktitle{Thoughts on the principles of taxation},
                 third edition (1852).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1982:MPC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Mathematical Powers of the {Calculating Engine}
                 (1837)",
  crossref =     "Randell:1982:ODC",
  pages =        "19--54",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 03 08:36:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1986:EMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the economy of machinery and manufactures",
  publisher =    "Augustus M. Kelley",
  address =      "Fairfield, NJ, USA",
  edition =      "Fourth enlarged",
  pages =        "xxiv + 408",
  year =         "1986",
  ISBN =         "0-678-00001-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-678-00001-4",
  LCCN =         "TJ153 .B13 1986",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Reprints of economic classics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Reprint. Originally published: London: C. Knight,
                 1835.",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:AEM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The analytical engine and mechanical notation",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "6 + 253 + 2",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 3QA75",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0808/88032928-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0808/88032928-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "English and French.",
  subject =      "Calculators; Machinery; Notation",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:CVV,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "A comparative view of the various institutions for the
                 assurance of lives",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "6 + xx + 129",
  year =         "1989",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:37:28 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The Works of Charles Babbage",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Insurance, Life; Life Tables; Great Britain",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:DET,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The difference engine and table making",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "6 + 233",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 2QA75",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Calculators; Mathematics; Tables",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:MP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Mathematical papers",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "51 + 456",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 1",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Mathematics",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:PLP,
  editor =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Passages from the Life of a Philosopher",
  volume =       "11",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "6 + xi + 425",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B32 1989 V.11; QA29.B2A3",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematicians; Great Britain;
                 Biography",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:RDS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and Peter Mark Roget",
  title =        "Reflections on the decline of science in {England} and
                 on some of its causes: with a new appendix of
                 correspondence by {Charles Babbage} and {Peter M.
                 Roget} from the {Philosophical Magazine}",
  volume =       "7",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xvi + 133",
  year =         "1989",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:37:28 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The Works of Charles Babbage",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Spine title: Decline of science.",
  subject =      "Science; history; England",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1989:SAD,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Statement addressed to the {Duke of Wellington}
                 respecting the calculating engine (1834)",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-3",
  pages =        "2--8",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 17:46:32 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:SMP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Scientific and miscellaneous papers",
  volume =       "4--5",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 4--5Q113",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Science",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:SRS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage and Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "Science and reform: selected works of {Charles
                 Babbage}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 356 + 9",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-521-34311-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-34311-4",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B2 1989; QA3 .B33 1989; QA37.2",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam023/88010294.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam028/88010294.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  keywords =     "Babbage, Charles, 1791--1871; mathematics; science",
  remark =       "Chosen, with introduction and discussion, by Anthony
                 Hyman",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematics; Science",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871",
  xxpages =      "vii + 336 + 18",
}

@Book{Babbage:1989:WCB,
  editor =       "Charles Babbage and Martin Campbell-Kelly and Peter M.
                 Roget",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "W. Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-005-8 (set), 1-85196-501-7 (vol. 1),
                 1-85196-502-5 (vol. 2), 1-85196-503-3 (vol. 3),
                 1-85196-504-1 (vol. 4), 1-85196-505-X (vol. 5),
                 1-85196-506-8 (vol. 6), 1-85196-507-6 (vol. 7),
                 1-85196-508-4 (vol. 8), 1-85196-509-2 (vol. 9),
                 1-85196-510-6 (vol. 10), 1-85196-511-4 (vol. 11)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-005-7 (set), 978-1-85196-501-4 (vol. 1),
                 978-1-85196-502-1 (vol. 2), 978-1-85196-503-8 (vol. 3),
                 978-1-85196-504-5 (vol. 4), 978-1-85196-505-2 (vol. 5),
                 978-1-85196-506-9 (vol. 6), 978-1-85196-507-6 (vol. 7),
                 978-1-85196-508-3 (vol. 8), 978-1-85196-509-0 (vol. 9),
                 978-1-85196-510-6 (vol. 10), 978-1-85196-511-3 (vol.
                 11)",
  LCCN =         "QA37.2",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 29 17:04:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs1990.bib",
  note =         "11 volumes.",
  series =       "The Pickering masters",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Mathematics; 1961-",
  tableofcontents = "Vol. 1, Mathematical papers \\
                 Vol. 2, The difference engine and table making \\
                 Vol. 3, The analytical engine and mechanical notation
                 \\
                 Vol. 4, Scientific and miscellaneous papers I \\
                 Vol. 5, Scientific and miscellaneous papers II \\
                 Vol. 6, A comparative view of the various institutions
                 for the assurance of lives \\
                 Vol. 7, Reflections on the decline of science in
                 England and on some of its causes with a new appendix
                 of correspondence / by Charles Babbage and Peter M.
                 Roget from the ``Philosophical magazine'' \\
                 Vol. 8, The economy of machinery and manufactures \\
                 Vol. 9, The ninth Bridgewater treatise: a fragment \\
                 Vol. 10, The exposition of 1851 \\
                 Vol. 11, Passages from the life of a philosopher.",
}

@Book{Babbage:1991:PLP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Passages from the life of a philosopher: the
                 autobiography of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "Pickering and Chatto",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "viii + 383",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-040-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-040-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 20:57:36 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "carmin.sudoc.abes.fr:210/ABES-Z39-PUBLIC;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  note =         "Edited, and with a new introduction, by Martin
                 Campbell-Kelly.",
  price =        "\pounds 11.95: CIP entry ( Oct.)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1994:PLP,
  editor =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Passages from the Life of a Philosopher",
  publisher =    pub-RUTGERS,
  address =      pub-RUTGERS:adr,
  pages =        "xliv + 383",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-8135-2066-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8135-2066-7 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 A3 1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn",
  note =         "Edited, and with a new introduction, by Martin
                 Campbell-Kelly.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark-1 =     "Originally published: 1864. List of Mr. Babbage's
                 printed papers: p. 372--375.",
  remark-2 =     "The Introduction on page 7 begins with this verse: \\
                 Mr. Babbage \\
                 Lived entirely on cabbage. \\
                 He used his head, rather than his thumbs \\
                 In inventing his machine for doing sums.\\
                 E. Clerihew Bentley and Maurice Solomon, c. 1893",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematicians; England; Biography",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871",
  tableofcontents = "Chapter I: My ancestors / 1 \\
                 Chapter II: Childhood / 5 \\
                 Chapter III: Boyhood / 12 \\
                 Chapter IV: Cambridge / 18 \\
                 Chapter V: Difference Engine No. 1 / 30 \\
                 Chapter VI: Statement relative to the Difference
                 Engine, drawn up by the late Sir H. Nicolas from the
                 author's papers / 53 \\
                 Chapter VII: Difference Engine No. 2 / 75 \\
                 Chapter VIII: Of the Analytical Engine / 85 \\
                 Chapter IX: Of the Mechanical Notation / 107 \\
                 Chapter X: The Exhibition of 1862 / 111 \\
                 Chapter XI: The late Prince Consort / 126 \\
                 Chapter XII: Recollections of the Duke of Wellington /
                 129 \\
                 Chapter XIII: Recollections of Wollaston, Davy, and
                 Rogers / 138 \\
                 Chapter XIV: Recollections of Laplace, Biot, and
                 Humboldt / 145 \\
                 Chapter XV: Experience by water / 152 \\
                 Chapter XVI: Experience by fire / 158 \\
                 Chapter XVII: Experience amongst workmen / 169 \\
                 Chapter XVIII: Picking locks and deciphering / 173 \\
                 Chapter XIX: Experience in St Giles's / 180 \\
                 Chapter XX: Theatrical experience / 187 \\
                 Chapter XXI: Electioneering experience // 193 \\
                 Chapter XXII: Scene from a new after-piece / 205 \\
                 Chapter XXIII: Experience at Courts / 219 \\
                 Chapter XXIV: Experience at Courts / 223 \\
                 Chapter XXV: Railways / 234 \\
                 Chapter XXVI: Street nuisances / 253\\
                 Chapter XXVII: Wit / 272 \\
                 Chapter XXVIII: Hints for travellers / 278 \\
                 Chapter XXIX: Miracles / 290 \\
                 Chapter XXX: Religion / 297 \\
                 Chapter XXXI: A vision / 305 \\
                 Chapter XXXII: Various reminiscences // 316 \\
                 Chapter XXXIII: The author's contributions to human
                 knowledge / 323 \\
                 Chapter XXXIV: The author's further contributions to
                 human knowledge / 332 \\
                 Chapter XXXV: Results of science / 355 \\
                 Chapter XXXVI: Agreeable recollections / 362 \\
                 Appendix / 366 \\
                 Index / 377",
}

@Book{Babbage:1997:HST,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The history of science and technology. {Series 3}.
                 {Papers} of {Charles Babbage}, (1791--1871). {Part 1}.
                 {Correspondence} and scientific manuscripts from the
                 {British Library, London}. Listing and guide to {Part
                 1}",
  publisher =    "Adam Matthew Publications",
  address =      "Marlborough, Wiltshire, England",
  pages =        "89",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-85711-101-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85711-101-9",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B23 1997",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  URL =          "http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/zdmdm/mifoguide/matthew/HISTORY_OF_SCIENCE_and_TECHNOLOGY_S3_p1.pdf;
                 http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/history_of_science_series_three_part_1/Contents.aspx",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Accompanied by printed guide of same title. Each reel
                 contains reel index and contents synopsis.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Archives; Correspondence; Computers;
                 History; Sources; Scientists; Great Britain",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871",
  tableofcontents = "Ser. 1, pt. 1: Correspondence and scientific
                 manuscripts from the British Library, London (reel
                 1--22)",
}

@Book{Babbage:1998:DSE,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Decline of Science in {England}",
  volume =       "1216",
  publisher =    pub-PROJECT-GUTENBERG,
  address =      pub-PROJECT-GUTENBERG:adr,
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 24 10:00:27 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       ser-PROJECT-GUTENBERG,
  URL =          "ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/etext98/dosie10.zip",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-st,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:2003:EMM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "From On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures
                 (1832)",
  crossref =     "Freedgood:2003:FPN",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 05:42:44 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:2003:MOM,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Method of Observing Manufactories (1832)",
  crossref =     "Freedgood:2003:FPN",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 05:42:44 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:2006:RDS,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Reflections on the Decline of Science in {England}",
  publisher =    "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "2006",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:2007:PDV,
  editor =       "Charles Babbage and Andrea Villa",
  title =        "Passaggi dalla vita di uno scienziato: autobiografia
                 dell'inventore del computer. ({Italian}) [Passages from
                 the Life of a Philosopher: autobiography of the
                 inventor of the computer]",
  publisher =    "UTET libreria",
  address =      "Torino, Italia",
  pages =        "xvi + 414",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "88-02-07715-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-88-02-07715-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 19 07:11:15 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nuncius.bib",
  note =         "With an introduction by Vittorio Marchis.",
  series =       "Frontiere / [UTET libreria]",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Italian",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles --- Biografia",
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:2008:CBC,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "{[Charles} Babbage correspondence]: Electronic
                 Enlightenment",
  publisher =    "Electronic Enlightenment Project",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  ISSN =         "1754-1603",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager",
  URL =          "http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017.12/1220513",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Provides online access to a large and growing
                 collection of letters and biographies from the long
                 18th century. Based on best critical editions of
                 primary sources in original languages. Also brings
                 together documents previously scattered across academic
                 journals and an increasing amount of material never
                 previously published. Includes extensive amounts of
                 scholarly metadata and interconnections. Fully
                 cross-searchable. Includes index of correspondents and
                 correspondence.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Correspondence; Mathematicians;
                 Nineteenth century; England; Computer engineers",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871",
}

@Book{Babbage:2009:NBT,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The {Ninth Bridgewater Treatise}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "252 (est.)",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-511-70071-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-511-70071-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:24:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  series =       "Cambridge Library Collection --- Religion",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:2010:EMMa,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "344 (est.)",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-511-69637-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-511-69637-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:24:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  series =       "Cambridge Library Collection --- History of Printing,
                 Publishing and Libraries",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:2010:EMMb,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "On the economy of machines and manufactures",
  crossref =     "Adamson:2010:CR",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 09:13:17 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Babbage:2011:PLP,
  author =       "Charles Babbage",
  title =        "Passages from the Life of a Philosopher",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "516",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "1-139-10367-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-139-10367-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:24:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  series =       "Cambridge Library Collection - Technology",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Part 2: Publications about Charles Babbage and/or his works
%%%
%%% Bibliography entries, ordered by year, and then by citation label,
%%% with `bibsort --byyear':
@Booklet{Anonymous:1826:PSE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A popular summary of the experiments of {Messrs.
                 Barlow, Christie, Babbage and Herschel}: on the
                 magnesium of iron and other metals, as exhibited by
                 rotation",
  publisher =    "William Blackwood",
  address =      "Edinburgh, Scotland",
  pages =        "13--19",
  year =         "1826",
  LCCN =         "Micro-fiche 960; Q111 .H35TN799.M2",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "In \booktitle{Edinburgh Journal of Science}, v. 4
                 (1826), p. 13--19.",
  subject =      "Magnesium; Analysis; Barlow, Peter; Christie, Samual
                 Hunter; Babbage, Charles; Herschel, John F. W; (John
                 Frederick William); Sir",
  subject-dates = "1776--1862; 1784--1865; 1791--1871; 1792--1871",
}

@Article{Herschel:1831:RMB,
  author =       "John F. W. Herschel",
  title =        "Report on {Mr. Babbage's Calculating Engine}",
  journal =      j-J-FRANKLIN-INST,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "210--213",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1831",
  CODEN =        "JFINAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-0032(31)90751-5",
  ISSN =         "0016-0032 (print), 1879-2693 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0016-0032",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016003231907515",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of {The Franklin Institute}",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00160032",
}

@Booklet{Herschel:1831:SLE,
  author =       "{Sir} John Frederick William Herschel",
  title =        "Suppressed letter to the editor of the
                 {{\booktitle{Edinburgh Journal of Science}}} on {Sir
                 David Brewster}'s observations on the decline of
                 science in {England}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "Edinburgh, Scotland",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1831",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 10:23:04 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Also titled \booktitle{Babbage on the decline of
                 science}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject-dates = "Sir David Brewster (1781--1868)",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1832:SPBa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Selections from {Professor Babbage}'s work on the
                 economy of machinery and manufactures",
  journal =      j-J-FRANKLIN-INST,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "355--356",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1832",
  CODEN =        "JFINAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-0032(32)91469-0",
  ISSN =         "0016-0032 (print), 1879-2693 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0016-0032",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016003232914690",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of {The Franklin Institute}",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00160032",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1832:SPBb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Selections from {Professor Babbage}'s work {``On the
                 economy of machinery and manufactures''}",
  journal =      j-J-FRANKLIN-INST,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "414--415",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1832",
  CODEN =        "JFINAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-0032(32)90311-1",
  ISSN =         "0016-0032 (print), 1879-2693 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0016-0032",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016003232903111",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of {The Franklin Institute}",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00160032",
}

@Book{Byrne:1838:NIS,
  author =       "Oliver Byrne",
  title =        "New and improved system of logarithms: with a table of
                 the logarithms of the natural numbers, from 1 to
                 100,000, and by differences, from 1 to 10,000,000; the
                 calculations have been recently made, and afterwards
                 compared with the tables of {Callett, Hutton, Vega,
                 Briggs, Gardiner, Taylor, and Babbage}; to which are
                 added, an account of their origin, nature and use; and
                 their application to several subjects to which they
                 appertain; also, and appendix, containing tables of
                 trigonometrical formulae, (the notation entirely new
                 and simple)",
  publisher =    "W. Day",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xii + 106",
  year =         "1838",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:15 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Logarithms",
}

@Book{Richardson:1839:DWV,
  author =       "Charles James Richardson",
  title =        "Description of the Warming and Ventilation Apparatus
                 at the Residence of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "14",
  year =         "1839",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Menabrea:1842:NMA,
  author =       "Luigi F. Menabrea",
  title =        "Notions sur la Machine Analytique de {M. Charles
                 Babbage}",
  journal =      "Biblioth{\`e}que Universelle de Gen{\`e}ve",
  volume =       "41",
  pages =        "352--376",
  year =         "1842--1843",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Translated, with additional notes by Augusta Ada,
                 Countess of Lovelace, as \booktitle{Sketch of the
                 Analytical Engine}. Reprinted in \cite[pages
                 62--82]{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-3}. Goldstine
                 \cite[page 19]{Goldstine:1972:CPN} cites this paper as
                 number 82, reprinted in \booktitle{Taylor's Scientific
                 Memoirs} {\bf 111}, note A, page 348. Woolley
                 \cite[page 400]{Woolley:1999:BSR} says it appears in
                 that journal in volume 3, pages 666--731, 1843.",
  URL =          "http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reported in \cite[page 160]{Swade:2001:DEC} to have
                 appeared in October 1842.",
}

@InCollection{Lovelace:1843:NTL,
  author =       "Augusta Ada Lovelace",
  booktitle =    "Taylor's Scientific Memoirs",
  title =        "Notes [on translation of {Luigi Federico Menebrae}'s
                 paper on {Babbage's Analytical Engine}]",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1843",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 18:29:38 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Translation to English, with notes about three times
                 the length of the original French article, of
                 \cite{Menabrea:1842:NMA}. See \cite[pages
                 260--282]{Woolley:1999:BSR} and \cite[pages
                 162--164]{Swade:2001:DEC} for accounts of how those
                 notes were written, and despite vigorous opposition
                 from Charles Babbage \cite{Babbage:1843:AMM}, finally
                 published in this book. The author was listed only as
                 the initials `A. A. L.', because it was then considered
                 inappropriate for a woman, particularly one of high
                 rank, to author a scientific paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Luigi Menebrae went on to become Prime Minister of the
                 newly-unified Italy.",
  xxnote =       "Check publication information: need to locate original
                 source!",
}

@Article{Nicolas:1843:SCA,
  author =       "{Sir} Harris Nicolas",
  title =        "Statement of the Circumstances attending the Invention
                 and Construction of {Mr. Babbage}'s Calculating
                 Engines",
  journal =      j-PHIL-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "23 (series 3)",
  number =       "151",
  pages =        "235--239",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1843",
  CODEN =        "PHMAA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786444308644724",
  ISSN =         "0031-8086",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-8086",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Addition to the memoir of M. Menabrea on the
                 Analytical Engine. \booktitle{Scientific Memoirs}, Vol.
                 III, Part XII, p. 666.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Philosophical Magazine",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm19",
  remark =       "TO DO: find the correct reference to Menabrea's paper.
                 The journal's Web pages do not identify the memoirs by
                 volume. The last number of Volume 3, issue 18 (1833)
                 ends about page 468.",
}

@Booklet{Nicolas:1843:SCR,
  author =       "{Sir} Harris Nicolas",
  title =        "Statement of the Circumstances Respecting {Mr.
                 Babbage}'s Calculating Engines'",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1843",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:37:07 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Privately printed, London, UK.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{England:1852:LCB,
  author =       "{Financial Reform Association Liverpool, England}",
  title =        "A letter to {Charles Babbage, Esq.}, in reply to his
                 {`Thoughts on the principles of taxation, with
                 reference to a property tax, and its exceptions'}",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    "G. Philip",
  address =      "Liverpool, UK",
  pages =        "28",
  year =         "1852",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:15 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "Financial reform tracts. New series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Taxation; Great Britain; Property
                 tax; Economic policy",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Jones:1854:RO,
  author =       "T. Wharton {Jones, F.R.S.}",
  title =        "Report on the Opthalmoscope",
  journal =      "British and Foreign Medical Review",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "551--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1854",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 09:54:27 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Contains short description of {Mr. Babbage}'s
                 Opthalmoscope.",
}

@Book{Sheepshanks:1854:LBV,
  author =       "R. (Richard) Sheepshanks",
  title =        "A letter to the {Board of Visitors of the Greenwich
                 Royal Observatory} in reply to the calumnies of {Mr.
                 Babbage} at their meeting in {June 1853}, and in his
                 book entitled {{\booktitle{The Exposition of 1851}}}",
  publisher =    "Printed by G. Barclay",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "iv + 5--92",
  year =         "1854",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:15 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1794--1855",
  remark =       "No. 2 of a volume of pamphlets lettered: Sheepshanks'
                 pamphlets.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Exposition of 1851",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871.",
}

@Article{Stokes:1855:RCA,
  author =       "George G. Stokes",
  title =        "Report of a {Committee} appointed by the {Council} to
                 Examine the Calculating Machine of {M. Scheutz}",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the Royal Society",
  volume =       "VII",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "499--509",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1855",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 18 09:43:52 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Babbage:1856:SDE,
  author =       "Henry P. Babbage",
  title =        "{Scheutz}'s {Difference Engine} and {Babbage}'s
                 Mechanical Notation",
  journal =      "Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.",
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "497--514",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1856",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 15:39:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Also published as separate pamphlet.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "H. P. Babbage is the son of Charles Babbage.",
}

@TechReport{Herschel:1857:RRS,
  author =       "John F. W. Herschel",
  title =        "Report of the {Royal Society Babbage Engine
                 Committee}",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "Royal Society",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1857",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 19:24:33 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Scheutz:1857:STC,
  author =       "Georg Scheutz and Edvard Scheutz",
  title =        "Specimens of Tables, Calculated, Stereomoulded, and
                 Printed by Machinery",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1857",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 18 09:40:37 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Difference Engine",
}

@Book{Sheepshanks:1860:LBV,
  author =       "R. (Richard) Sheepshanks",
  title =        "A letter to the {Board of Visitors of the Greenwich
                 Royal Observatory} in reply to the calumnies of {Mr.
                 Babbage} at their meeting in {June 1853}, and in his
                 book entitled {{\booktitle{The Exposition of 1851}}}",
  publisher =    "Printed by G. Barclay",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "37",
  year =         "1860",
  LCCN =         "QB36.S55 A3",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:15 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1794--1855",
  remark =       "No. 1 of a volume of pamphlets lettered: Sheepshanks'
                 pamphlets.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Exposition of 1851",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871.",
}

@Book{Farr:1864:ELT,
  author =       "William Farr",
  title =        "{English} Life Table: Tables of Lifetimes, Annuities
                 and Premiums",
  publisher =    "HMSO",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1864",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 19:17:20 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Includes chapter on ``Scheutz's Calculating Machine
                 and its Use in the Construction of the English Life
                 Table No. 3''.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1871:CBc,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "26",
  pages =        "402--403",
  day =          "23",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1871",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican12231871-402a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:23:11 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1870.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v25/n26/pdf/scientificamerican12231871-402a.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:1871:CBH,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage, 1792--1871}",
  year =         "1871",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:27 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "1 print, head and shoulders, facing left, from The
                 Illustrated London News, 1871 Nov. 4, v. 59, p. 424.",
  URL =          "http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b13540",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1871:CBOa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} [Obituary]",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "106",
  pages =        "28--29",
  day =          "9",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1871",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/005028a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 08:41:39 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v5/n106/pdf/005028a0.pdf",
  abstract =     "There is no fear that the worth of the late Charles
                 Babbage will be over-estimated by this or any
                 generation. To the majority of people he was little
                 known except as an irritable and eccentric person,
                 possessed by a strange idea of a calculating machine,
                 which he failed to carry to completion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1871:CBOb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} [Obituary]",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "26",
  pages =        "402--403",
  day =          "23",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1871",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican12231871-402a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:23:11 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1870.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v25/n26/pdf/scientificamerican12231871-402a.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Article{Grant:1871:NDE,
  author =       "George B. Grant",
  title =        "On a New {Difference Engine}",
  journal =      "American Journal of Science and Arts",
  volume =       "II",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1871",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 19:20:14 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Dodge:1874:CBE,
  author =       "N. S. Dodge",
  booktitle =    "Annual Report of the {Smithsonian Institution} for
                 1873",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} [eulogy]",
  publisher =    "Smithsonian Institution",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "169--197",
  year =         "1874",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 18:12:18 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Dodge:2000:CBE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Babbage:1889:BCB,
  editor =       "Henry Prevost Babbage",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s [i.e. {Charles Babbage}'s] calculating
                 engines. {Being} a collection of papers relating to
                 them, etc.",
  publisher =    "E. \& F. N. Spon",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "342",
  year =         "1889",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:40:07 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  note =         "Reprinted in \booktitle{The Charles Babbage Institute
                 Reprint Series}, volume 2.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "H. P. Babbage is the son of Charles Babbage.",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1890:CCL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Catalogue of the {Crawford Library of the Royal
                 Observatory, Edinburgh}",
  publisher =    "Published by authority of {Her Majesty}'s government",
  address =      "Edinburgh, Scotland",
  pages =        "viii + 497",
  year =         "1890",
  LCCN =         "Z5156 .E23",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:37:46 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "An author catalog with some subject and form headings;
                 begun by Lord Crawford, continued by Robert Copeland
                 and completed by Ralph Copeland (the director of the
                 observatory) and Dr. L. Becker. Preface signed Ralph
                 Copeland. The collection, originally in the library of
                 Dunecht Observatory, was presented by the Earl of
                 Crawford to the Royal Observatory in 1888. Contains
                 many works on life insurance and annuities, from the
                 library of Charles Babbage.",
  subject =      "Astronomy; Bibliography; Catalogs; Insurance",
}

@Article{Horsley:1909:DBM,
  author =       "Victor Horsley",
  title =        "Description of the Brain of {Mr. Charles Babbage,
                 F.R.S.}",
  journal =      "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
                 London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological
                 Character",
  volume =       "200",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "117--131",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1909",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/91929",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Babbage:1910:BBA,
  author =       "H. P. Babbage",
  title =        "{Babbage}: {Babbage}'s analytical engine",
  journal =      j-MONTHLY-NOT-ROY-ASTRON-SOC,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "517--526, 645",
  year =         "1910",
  CODEN =        "MNRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0035-8711 (print), 1365-2966 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-8711",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 11:12:08 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[\S 2.3]{Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
  journal-URL =  "https://academic.oup.com/mnras",
}

@InCollection{Moulton:1915:ILG,
  author =       "Lord Moulton",
  title =        "The invention of logarithms, its genesis and growth",
  crossref =     "Knott:1915:NTM",
  pages =        "1--24",
  year =         "1915",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 18:18:04 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1844--1921",
  remark =       "In a passage cited by Martin Campbell-Kelly \cite[page
                 33--34]{Babbage:1994:PLP}, Lord Moulton describes a
                 meeting with Charles Babbage where he [Moulton] was
                 shown a series of partially-built calculating machines,
                 each abandoned as Babbage got a `better idea'.",
}

@Article{Bennett:1916:NPP,
  author =       "Albert A. Bennett",
  title =        "Note on the preceding paper: {``On certain real
                 solutions of Babbage's functional equation''
                 [MR1503574] by J. F. Ritt}",
  journal =      j-ANN-MATH-2,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "123",
  year =         "1916",
  CODEN =        "ANMAAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2007271",
  ISSN =         "0003-486X (print), 1939-8980 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-486X",
  MRnumber =     "1503575",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of Mathematics (2)",
  journal-URL =  "https://annals.math.princeton.edu/;
                 https://www.jstor.org/journal/annamath",
}

@Article{Ritt:1916:CRS,
  author =       "J. F. Ritt",
  title =        "On certain real solutions of {Babbage}'s functional
                 equation",
  journal =      j-ANN-MATH-2,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "113--122",
  year =         "1916",
  CODEN =        "ANMAAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2007270",
  ISSN =         "0003-486X (print), 1939-8980 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-486X",
  MRnumber =     "1503574",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of Mathematics (2)",
  journal-URL =  "https://annals.math.princeton.edu/;
                 https://www.jstor.org/journal/annamath",
}

@Book{Macfarlane:1919:LTB,
  author =       "Alexander Macfarlane",
  title =        "Lectures on ten {British} physicists of the nineteenth
                 century",
  volume =       "20",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "144 + 10",
  year =         "1919",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:48 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Mathematical monographs",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1851--1913",
  remark =       "Delivered at Lehigh University during the years
                 1901--1904.",
  subject =      "Physicists / British",
  tableofcontents = "James Clerk Maxwell \\
                 William John Macquorn Rankine \\
                 Peter Guthrie Tait \\
                 Sir William Thomson, first lord Kelvin \\
                 Charles Babbage \\
                 William Whewell \\
                 Sir George Gabriel Stokes \\
                 Sir George Biddell Airy \\
                 John Couch Adams \\
                 Sir John Frederick William Herschel",
}

@Book{Martin:1925:RIE,
  author =       "Ernst Martin",
  title =        "{Die Rechenmaschinen und ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte.
                 Teil 1. Rechenmaschinen mit automatischer
                 Zehner{\"u}bertragung}. ({German}) [{The} Calculating
                 Machines and the history of their development. {Part
                 1}. {Calculating} machines with automatic tens carry]",
  publisher =    "Meyer",
  address =      "Pappenheim, Germany",
  pages =        "477",
  year =         "1925",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 10:51:25 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "English translation in \cite{Martin:1992:CMR}.",
  price =        "US\$",
  URL =          "http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmisc_martin.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Charles Babbage; Difference
                 Engine",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "This is a rare volume. One source says publisher and
                 city are Koentopp, Leopoldsh{\"o}he, but that seems to
                 be for the reprint \cite{Martin:1986:RIE}. The URL
                 contains discussions of this book, and notes that it is
                 the first of a planned two-volume work. However, the
                 second volume seems not to have appeared, and this
                 volume was reprinted in 1937 with minor changes. The
                 English translation is based on this 1925 first
                 edition. That Web site also suggests that Ernst Martin
                 is a pseudonym for Johannes Meyer. Several library
                 catalogs list the author as Emil Johannes Meyer
                 (1885--1949).",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1930:CSD,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{``A Classic of Science'': The Difference Engine}",
  journal =      j-SCI-NEWS-LETT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "495",
  pages =        "218--220",
  day =          "4",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1930",
  CODEN =        "SNLEAI",
  ISSN =         "0096-4018 (print), 2326-1285 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3905897",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Science News-Letter",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/scienewslett",
}

@Article{Comrie:1931:MBM,
  author =       "L. J. Comrie",
  title =        "Modern {Babbage} Machines",
  journal =      "Bulletin of the Office Machinery Users' Association
                 Limited",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "29--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1931",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 19:06:55 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1933:CBF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage, F.R.S.}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "132",
  number =       "3347",
  pages =        "959--959",
  day =          "23",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/132959a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 16 19:13:00 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v132/n3347/pdf/132959a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Chajoth:1933:FB,
  author =       "Z. Chajoth",
  title =        "{{\"U}ber eine Funktionalgleichung von Babbage}.
                 ({German}) [{On} a functional equation of {Babbage}]",
  journal =      j-MONAT-MATH-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "235--240",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "MMPHA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01708868",
  ISSN =         "0026-9255 (print), 1436-5081 (electronic)",
  MRnumber =     "1550205",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Monatshefte f{\"u}r Mathematik und Physik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/605",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Archibald:1935:BMX,
  author =       "R. C. Archibald",
  title =        "Bibliographia de Mathematicis {X}: {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-SCRIPTA-MATH,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "266--267",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1935",
  ISSN =         "0036-9713",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 4 15:09:22 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scripta-math.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Scripta Math.",
  fjournal =     "Scripta Mathematica: A Quarterly Journal Devoted to
                 the Philosophy, History, and Expository Treatment of
                 Mathematics",
}

@Article{Comrie:1936:IIS,
  author =       "L. J. Comrie",
  title =        "Inverse Interpolation and Scientific Applications of
                 the {National Accounting Machine}",
  journal =      j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SUPPL,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "87--114",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1936",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2983666",
  ISSN =         "1466-6162",
  ISSN-L =       "1466-6162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 23 11:53:21 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/stable/i349676;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/todd-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jrss-b.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983666",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Supplement to the Journal of the Royal Statistical
                 Society",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00401706.html",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Mercedes machine; Scheutz machine",
  xxnote =       "See \cite{Todd:1974:JNN}.",
}

@Book{Eckert:1940:PCM,
  author =       "W. J. (Wallace John) Eckert",
  title =        "Punched card methods in scientific computation",
  publisher =    "The Thomas J. Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau,
                 Columbia University",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 136",
  year =         "1940",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .E3",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:37:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1902--1971",
  subject =      "Punched card systems; Astronomy; History",
}

@Article{Lyons:1940:CBO,
  author =       "H. G. Lyons",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the Ophthalmoscope",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "146--148",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1940.0019",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 10:46:07 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/531152",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "1 April 1940",
  xxnumber =     "3",
}

@Article{Comrie:1946:BDC,
  author =       "L. J. Comrie",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Dream Come True",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "158",
  number =       "4017",
  pages =        "567--568",
  day =          "26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/158567a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 9 07:30:09 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/158567a0",
  abstract =     "The black mark earned by the government of the day
                 more than a hundred years ago for its failure to see
                 Charles Babbage's difference engine brought to a
                 successful conclusion has still to be wiped out. It is
                 not too much to say that it cost Britain the leading
                 place in the art of mechanical computing. Babbage then
                 conceived and worked on his `analytical engine',
                 designed to store numbers and operate on them according
                 to a sequence of processes conveyed to the machine by
                 cards similar to those used in the Jacquard loom. This,
                 however, was never completed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
  remark =       "The title in the Nature archive index is completely
                 wrong: it says ``A Manual of Operation for the
                 Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator''. After the
                 critical introduction [see the abstract], the article
                 goes on to describe IBM's gift to Harvard of the
                 Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator. It reports
                 about the ASCC: ``The machine contains seventy-two
                 storage counters, capable of holding twenty-three
                 digits and a sign. \ldots{} When working to the full
                 23-figure capacity of the machine, multiplication takes
                 about six seconds, and division twice as long;
                 additions and subtractions are done at the rate of
                 three a second, whatever their length.'' It then
                 describes the computation of logarithms via the Taylor
                 series expansion of $ \log (1 + x) $, and reports that
                 it can do exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic
                 functions as well.",
}

@Article{Archibald:1947:PGS,
  author =       "Raymond C. Archibald",
  title =        "{P. G. Scheutz}, Publicist, Author, Scientific
                 Mechanician, and {Edvard Scheutz}, Engineer---Biography
                 and Bibliography",
  journal =      j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "238--245",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "MTTCAS",
  ISSN =         "0891-6837",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:44:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1940.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  note =         "Original journal has only `R. C. A.' as author:
                 Goldstine \cite [page 16--17]{Goldstine:1972:CPN}
                 confirms that the author of this paper is Raymond C.
                 Archibald.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
  remark =       "The Scheutzes (father and son) built the first working
                 version of Babbage's Difference Engine; see \cite
                 {Merzbach:1977:GSF,Lindgren:1982:SFD}.",
}

@Article{Comrie:1947:MOA,
  author =       "L. J. Comrie",
  title =        "A Manual of Operation for the {Automatic Sequence
                 Controlled Calculator}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "158",
  number =       "4017",
  pages =        "567--568",
  day =          "26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/158567a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 08:37:25 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v158/n4017/pdf/158567a0.pdf",
  abstract =     "The machine now described, \booktitle{The Automatic
                 Sequence Controlled Calculator}, is a realisation of
                 Babbage's project in principle, although its physical
                 form has the benefit of Twentieth-Century engineering
                 and mass-production methods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Book{Archibald:1948:MTM,
  author =       "Raymond Clare Archibald",
  title =        "Mathematical Table Makers: Portraits, Paintings,
                 Busts, Monuments: Bio-Bibliographical Notes",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    "Scripta Mathematica",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 82",
  year =         "1948",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 02 11:04:49 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scripta-math.bib",
  series =       "The Scripta Mathematica Studies",
  URL =          "https://ia802706.us.archive.org/6/items/mathematicaltabl00arch/mathematicaltabl00arch.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "John Robinson Airey (1868--1937); Charles Babbage
                 (1792--1871); Julius Bauschinger (1860--1934); Ernst
                 Emil Hugo Becker (1843--1912); Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
                 (1784--1846); David Bierens DE HAAN (1822--1895); Jean
                 Charles Borda (1733--1799); Ernest William Brown
                 (1866--1938); Joost B{\"u}rgi (1552--1632); Carl Burrau
                 (1867--); Berthold Cohn (1870--1930); Leslie John
                 Comrie (1893--); Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham
                 (1842--1928); Johann Martin Zacharias Dase
                 (1824--1861); Harold Thayer Davis (1892--); Leonard
                 Eugene Dickson (1874--); Herbert Bristol Dwight
                 (1885--); James Glaisher (1809--1903); James Whitbread
                 Lee Glaisher (1848--1928); J{\'o}zef Maria
                 Ho{\"e}ne-Wro{\'n}ski (1778--1853); Ernst Reinhold
                 Eduard Hoppe (1816--1900); Charles Hutton (1737--1823);
                 Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804--1851); Johann Kepler
                 (1572--1630); Joseph J{\`e}r{\^o}me le Fran{\c{c}}ois
                 de LaLande (1732--1807); Adrien Marie Legendre
                 (1752--1833); Derrick Henry Lehmer (1905--); Derrick
                 Norman Lehmer (1867--1938); Alfred Lodge (1854--1937);
                 Wilhelm Oswald Lohse (1845--1915); Eugen Cornelius
                 Joseph von Lommel (1837--1899); Arnold Noah Lowan
                 (1898--); Andre{\u{\i}} Andreevich Markov (1856--1922);
                 Artemas Martin (1835--1918); Jeffrey Charles Percy
                 Miller (1906--); John Napier (1550--1617); Niels
                 Nielsen (1865--1931); Karl Pearson (1857--1936);
                 Benjamin Osgood Peirce (1854--1914); Johann Theodor
                 Peters (1869--1941); Dominique Fran{\c{c}}ois Rivard
                 (1697--1778); Edward Sang (1805--1890); Abraham Sharp
                 (1651--1742); William Fleetwood Sheppard (1863--1936);
                 Simon Stevin (1548--1620); Thomas Jan Stieltjes
                 (1856--1894); Axel Henrik Hjalmar Tallqvist (1870--);
                 Alexander John Thompson (1885--); Herbert Hall Turner
                 (1861--1930); Horace Scudder Uhler (1872--);
                 Fran{\c{c}}ois Vi{\`e}te (1540--1603)",
  remark =       "Contains brief biographies and selected publication
                 lists of 51 table makers.",
}

@InProceedings{Babbage:1948:WCB,
  author =       "Richard H. Babbage",
  title =        "The Work of {Charles Babbage}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1948:PSL",
  pages =        "13--22",
  year =         "1948",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 18 10:39:44 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From the introduction: ``These notes of his were
                 written more than one hundred years ago when he was
                 wrestling with those problems at first-hand, and I
                 believe it may interest and entertain you now to hear,
                 in his own words, an account of some of the
                 difficulties which he met and overcame in his
                 pioneering efforts in this field of mechanical science.
                 His main purpose was to reproduce in mechanism the
                 human faculties of memory and foresight so as to free
                 mankind from the heavy brain drudgery which accompanied
                 prolonged calculation of intricate mathematical tables.
                 Our modern `Electronic Numerical Integrator and
                 Computer' is more marvelous than Babbage's `Analytical
                 Engine' because of the speed at which it delivers
                 results. But the application of machinery to perform
                 the functions of memory and foresight was successfully
                 accomplished more than 110 years ago in the two great
                 calculating machines, construction of which formed the
                 life work of their inventor, Charles Babbage of
                 London.''",
}

@Article{Hartree:1948:DCM,
  author =       "D. R. Hartree and M. H. A. Newman and Maurice V.
                 Wilkes and F. C. Williams and James H. Wilkinson and A.
                 D. Booth",
  title =        "A discussion on computing machines",
  journal =      j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS-SCI,
  volume =       "195",
  number =       "1042",
  pages =        "265--287 (2 plates)",
  day =          "22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PRLAAZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0118",
  ISSN =         "0962-8444 (print), 2053-9177 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0962-8444",
  MRclass =      "65.0X",
  MRnumber =     "28103",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 3 09:15:52 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hartree-douglas-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib",
  URL =          "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948RSPSA.195..265H",
  ZMnumber =     "0031.12904",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897--12 February
                 1958)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Royal Society. London. Series A.
                 Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Charles Babbage; ENIAC; IBM
                 automatic sequence-controlled calculator; IBM Selective
                 Sequence Electronic Calculator",
  remark =       "Hartree notes that while Babbage's Analytical Engine
                 design base-10 arithmetic on 50-digit numbers, a binary
                 base greatly simplifies arithmetic operations. He also
                 reports that it is essential that intermediate results
                 can be kept inside the machine for later use, without
                 human interaction.",
  tableofcontents = "A Historical Survey of Digital Computing Machines /
                 D. R. (Douglas Rayner) Hartree, F.R.S. / 265--271 /
                 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0118 \\
                 General principles of the design of all-purpose
                 computing machines / M. H. A. (Maxwell Herman
                 Alexander) / Newman, F.R.S. / 271--274 /
                 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0129 \\
                 The design of a practical high-speed computing machine.
                 The EDSAC / M. V. (Maurice Vincent) Wilkes / 274--279 /
                 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0130 \\
                 A Cathode-Ray Tube Digit Store / F. C. (Frederic
                 Calland) Williams / 279--284 /
                 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0131 \\
                 The automatic computing engine at the National Physical
                 Laboratory / J. H. (James Hardy) Wilkinson / 285--286 /
                 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0132 \\
                 Recent computer projects / A. D. (Andrew Donald) Booth
                 / 286--286 / https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0133",
  ZBmath =       "3048293",
}

@Article{Mullett:1948:CBS,
  author =       "Charles F. Mullett",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: a Scientific Gadfly",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "361--371",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/22300",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@InCollection{Hartree:1949:CBA,
  author =       "Douglas R. (Douglas Rayner) Hartree",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the {Analytical Engine}",
  crossref =     "Hartree:1949:CIM",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1949",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 19 06:41:01 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Morrison:1952:SLC,
  author =       "Philip Morrison and Emily Morrison",
  title =        "The Strange Life of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "186",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "66--73",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0452-66",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 18 15:57:27 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1950.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v186/n4/pdf/scientificamerican0452-66.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Book{Rathbone:1952:CBS,
  editor =       "Robert R. Rathbone",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} --- scientist and philosopher:
                 excerpts describing his work on mechanical computation
                 and his reflections on human behavior",
  volume =       "R-206",
  publisher =    "Digital Computer Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
                 of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "28",
  day =          "31",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1952",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5.M41 D57 no.R-206",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  series =       "Paper",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Project Whirlwind.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Whirlwind computer; Computers;
                 History; Electronic digital computers",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@InProceedings{Bowden:1953:BHC,
  author =       "{Baron} Bertram Vivian Bowden",
  title =        "A Brief History of Computation",
  crossref =     "Bowden:1953:FTT",
  pages =        "3--31",
  year =         "1953",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 08 08:26:36 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Augusta Ada Lovelace; Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Patterson:1960:FEC,
  author =       "George W. Patterson",
  title =        "The first electric computer, a magnetological
                 analysis",
  journal =      j-J-FRANKLIN-INST,
  volume =       "270",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "130--137",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "JFINAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(60)90115-0",
  ISSN =         "0016-0032 (print), 1879-2693 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0016-0032",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0016003260901150",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of {The Franklin Institute}",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00160032",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1961:BNR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Note Respecting the Origin of the
                 {Statistical Society}",
  journal =      j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL,
  volume =       "124",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "546--546",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "JSSAEF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2342933",
  ISSN =         "0035-9238",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 24 11:18:11 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/stable/i315928;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jrss-a-1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2342933",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A
                 (General)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00359238.html",
}

@Book{Morrison:1961:CBP,
  editor =       "Philip Morrison and Emily Morrison",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} on the principles and development of
                 the calculator: and other seminal writings",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "xxxviii + 400",
  year =         "1961",
  ISBN =         "0-486-24691-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-24691-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .C52 1961",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:15 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  price =        "US\$7.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Calculators; Babbage, Charles",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  tableofcontents = "Chapters from Passages from the life of a
                 philosopher \\
                 Selections from Babbage's calculating engines \\
                 Appendix of miscellaneous papers",
}

@Article{Booth:1962:BRB,
  author =       "A. D. Booth",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage and his
                 Calculating Engines: Selected Writings by Charles
                 Babbage and Others}}, by Philip Morrison, Emily
                 Morrison}",
  journal =      j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL,
  volume =       "125",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "491--493",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "JSSAEF",
  ISSN =         "0035-9238",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2982420",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A
                 (General)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00359238.html",
}

@Article{W:1962:BRB,
  author =       "J. W. W.",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage and His
                 Calculating Engines}}, by Philip Morrison, Emily
                 Morrison}",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "80",
  pages =        "509",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-5718",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2003156",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
}

@Article{Fraser:1963:BRB,
  author =       "W. Fraser",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage and his
                 Calculating Engines: Selected Writings by Charles
                 Babbage and Others}}, by Philip Morrison, Emily
                 Morrison}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "587",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2312104",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Fraser:1963:RPC,
  author =       "W. Fraser",
  title =        "Recent Publications: {Charles Babbage} and his
                 Calculating Engines: {{\em Selected Writings by Charles
                 Babbage and Others}}, by {Philip Morrison and Emily
                 Morrison}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "587--587",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:37:07 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Panov:1963:BRB,
  author =       "D. Yu. Panov",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage and his
                 calculating engines}}: Morrison, P. and Morrison, E.,
                 New York, 1961}",
  journal =      j-USSR-COMP-MATH-MATH-PHYS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "550--551",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMMPA9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-5553(63)90042-9",
  ISSN =         "0041-5553, 0502-9902",
  ISSN-L =       "0041-5553",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0041555363900429",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "U.S.S.R. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical
                 Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00415553",
}

@Book{Bernstein:1964:AEC,
  author =       "Jeremy Bernstein",
  title =        "The {Analytical Engine}: computers --- past, present,
                 and future",
  publisher =    "Random House",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 113",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .B45 1964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:53:58 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "Discusses the history of electronic computers; men
                 important to their development; and their design,
                 relation to the human brain, and service to science and
                 industry.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
  remark =       "See also revised edition \cite{Bernstein:1981:AEC}.",
  subject =      "Computers; Electronic digital computers",
}

@Book{Moseley:1964:IGLa,
  author =       "Maboth Moseley",
  title =        "Irascible genius: a life of {Charles Babbage},
                 inventor",
  publisher =    "Hutchinson",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "287 + 4",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA 29 .B3M6 1964A; T40.B25 M6",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "atrium.bib.umontreal.ca:210/advance;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01; pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Foreword by B. V. Bowden",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From \cite[page 63]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``[This is] the
                 first published bibliography of Babbage.''",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Inventor",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxpublisher =  "Hutchison",
}

@Book{Moseley:1964:IGLb,
  author =       "Maboth Moseley",
  title =        "Irascible genius; the life of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "H. Regnery Co.",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "287",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "T40.B11 M898 1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1964:BDA,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Dream in Action: [Book Reviews:
                 {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage and His Calculating
                 Engines}}, edited by Philip Morrison and Emily
                 Morrison, New York: Dover, London: Constable, 1961}]",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "202",
  number =       "4933",
  pages =        "631--632",
  day =          "16",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/202631a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 16 19:06:41 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v202/n4933/pdf/202631a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Book{Moseley:1965:IGL,
  author =       "Maboth Moseley",
  title =        "Irascible genius; a life of {Charles Babbage},
                 inventor",
  publisher =    "Augustus M. Kelley",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "287",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "T/40/B25/M67 SS",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:27 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "atrium.bib.umontreal.ca:210/advance;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprints of economic classics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculatrices",
  subject-dates = "1792--1871",
}

@Article{Ogborn:1965:BRB,
  author =       "M. E. Ogborn",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Irascible Genius. A life of
                 Charles Babbage, Inventor}}, by Maboth Moseley}",
  journal =      "Journal of the Institute of Actuaries (1886--1994)",
  volume =       "91",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "100--102",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41139814",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ord-Smith:1965:BRB,
  author =       "R. J. Ord-Smith",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Irascible Genius (Charles
                 Babbage)}}}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "277--277",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/7.4.277",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:32 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  note =         "See comments and corrections
                 \cite{Phillips:1965:IG}.",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/277.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Phillips:1965:IG,
  author =       "William Phillips",
  title =        "{``Irascible} Genius''",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--56",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/8.1.56",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:33 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/1.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Ord-Smith:1965:BRB}.",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/1/56.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "Alan M. Turing; Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Brock:1966:SAB,
  author =       "W. H. Brock",
  title =        "The selection of the authors of the
                 {{\booktitle{Bridgewater Treatises}}}",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "162--179",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1966.0016",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 10:50:50 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "1 December 1966",
  remark =       "Discussion of why Charles Babbage was not asked to
                 write one of the Bridgewater treatises, but did so
                 anyway, as the ninth such.",
}

@Article{Cannon:1966:BRB,
  author =       "Walter F. Cannon",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Irascible Genius: A Life of
                 Charles Babbage, Inventor}}, by Maboth Moseley}",
  journal =      j-VIC-STUD,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "225--226",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  ISSN =         "0042-5222 (print), 1527-2052 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-5222",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3825202",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Victorian Studies",
}

@Article{Payne:1966:BRB,
  author =       "N. P. Payne",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Analytical Engine}}, by
                 Jeremy Bernstein}",
  journal =      j-MATH-GAZ,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "372",
  pages =        "191--192",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "MAGAAS",
  ISSN =         "0025-5572 (print), 2056-6328 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3611982",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Gazette",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.m-a.org.uk/jsp/index.jsp?lnk=620",
}

@Article{Lieberman:1967:EDC,
  author =       "Henry D. Lieberman and Louis Robinson",
  title =        "The Electronic Digital Computer: How It Started, How
                 It Works and What It Does",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "136--137",
  day =          "9",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:15:30 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/118029058?accountid=14677",
  abstract =     "Lord Byron had a flair for poetry and for life, but
                 Lady Byron (the `Princess of Parallelograms') and their
                 only child Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace appear to
                 have been more intrigued by mathematics. In fact, Lady
                 Lovelace (1815--52) blazed a trail of her own in the
                 arts of computer analysts and programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  keywords =     "Alan M. Turing; Analytical Engine; Augusta Ada King,
                 Countess of Lovelace; Charles Babbage; Claude E.
                 Shannon; George Boole; Howard H. Aiken; IBM System/360;
                 John von Neumann; Joseph Marie Jacquard",
  remark =       "This appears to be the first reference to Charles
                 Babbage and his Difference Engine in the New York
                 Times.",
}

@Book{Bulferetti:1968:ACB,
  author =       "Luigi Bulferetti",
  title =        "Un amico di {Charles Babbage}, {Fortunato Prandi}",
  volume =       "30:2",
  publisher =    "Istituto lombardo di scienze e lettere",
  address =      "Milano, Italy",
  pages =        "86--164",
  year =         "1968",
  ISBN =         "99-0258041-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-99-0258041-7",
  LCCN =         "AS222.I85 A28 v.30",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  series =       "Memorie dell'Istituto lombardo-accademia di scienze e
                 lettere, Classe di lettere, scienze morali e storiche",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Informazioni sulle opinioni politische di scienziati
                 italiani (Archivio di State di Torino, Carte politiche
                 diverse, Cartella 21): p. 126-147. Bound with: Le
                 concordance di Iulius Ex(s)uperantius \ldots{} [et
                 al.].",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Prandi, Fortunato",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Calvert:1968:IGL,
  author =       "H. R. Calvert",
  title =        "{{\booktitle{Irascible Genius: a Life of Charles
                 Babbage, Inventor}} by Maboth Moseley} (review)",
  journal =      j-TECH-CULTURE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "122--123",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "TECUA3",
  ISSN =         "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0040-165X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 30 08:23:10 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/techculture1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3102064;
                 https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/894364/pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Tech. Culture",
  fjournal =     "Technology and Culture",
  journal-URL =  "https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/194",
}

@Article{Reingold:1968:BMS,
  author =       "Nathan Reingold",
  title =        "{Babbage} and {Moll} on the State of Science in {Great
                 Britain}: a Note on a Document",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "58--64",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400003198",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4024987",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{Cardwell:1969:BRE,
  author =       "D. S. L. Cardwell",
  title =        "Book Review: {Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: The
                 Ninth Bridgewater Treatise: A Fragment. By Charles
                 Babbage. Second edition. 1837. London: F. Cass. 1967.
                 90s}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "421--422",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400010499",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4025254",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{Garwig:1969:CB,
  author =       "Paul L. Garwig",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} (1792--1871)",
  journal =      j-AM-DOC,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "320--324",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "AMDOA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630200406",
  ISSN =         "0096-946X",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-946X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 11 06:21:32 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/amdoc.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Documentation",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2330-1643/",
  onlinedate =   "19 Apr 2007",
}

@InCollection{Nudds:1969:CB,
  author =       "Donald Nudds",
  booktitle =    "Mid-nineteenth century scientists",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} (1791--1871)",
  publisher =    pub-PERGAMON,
  address =      pub-PERGAMON:adr,
  pages =        "1--34",
  year =         "1969",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "0392344 (52 \#13161)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Halacy:1970:CBF,
  author =       "Daniel Stephen Halacy",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}, father of the computer",
  publisher =    "Crowell-Collier Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "170",
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 H35",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "atrium.bib.umontreal.ca:210/advance;
                 catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "The life and inventions of Charles Babbage, who, along
                 with numerous other creations, came up with the machine
                 that evolved into today's computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Babbage, Charles",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Barton:1971:CBB,
  author =       "H. Barton",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the beginning of die casting",
  journal =      "Machinery and Production Engineering",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "624--631",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 21:08:34 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check: is this a book chapter, or a journal
                 article??",
}

@InCollection{Bulferetti:1971:CIC,
  author =       "Luigi Bulferetti",
  booktitle =    "{Actes du XIIe Congr{\`e}s International d'Histoire
                 des Sciences (Paris, 1968), Tome XI: Sciences et
                 soci{\'e}t{\'e}s: relations-influences-{\'e}coles}",
  title =        "Les correspondants italiens de {Charles Babbage}.
                 ({French}) [{The} {Italian} correspondents of {Charles
                 Babbage}]",
  publisher =    "Librairie Sci. Tech. Blanchard, Paris",
  pages =        "29--38",
  year =         "1971",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "0392334 (52 \#13151)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@PhdThesis{Collier:1971:LEC,
  author =       "Bruce Collier",
  title =        "The little engines that could've: the calculating
                 machines of {Charles Babbage}",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "Harvard University",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "140",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 13 11:04:37 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://hollis.harvard.edu/?itemid=%7Clibrary/m/aleph%7C003811101;
                 http://search.proquest.com/docview/302590382",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From \cite[page vii]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``This study of
                 Babbage and his engines remains unsurpassed.",
}

@Article{Oppenheimer:1971:BRB,
  author =       "Jane Oppenheimer",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Irascible Genius, The Life
                 of Charles Babbage}}, by Maboth Moseley}",
  journal =      j-Q-REV-BIOL,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "170",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "QRBIAK",
  ISSN =         "0033-5770 (print), 1539-7718 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0033-5770",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2822076",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Quarterly Review of Biology",
}

@Article{Sendov:1971:CBO,
  author =       "Blagovest Sendov",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} (1791--1871) (on the occasion of the
                 100th anniversary of his death)",
  journal =      "Fiz.-Mat. Spis. B\cdprime lgar. Akad. Nauk.",
  volume =       "14(47)",
  pages =        "331--339",
  year =         "1971",
  ISSN =         "0015-3265",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A70 68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "0396162 (53 \#30)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "B\cdprime lgarska Akademiya na Naukite. Fizicheski
                 Institut. Matematicheski Institut.
                 Fiziko-Matematichesko Spisanie",
}

@Article{Smith:1971:ECI,
  author =       "William D. Smith",
  title =        "The Electronic Computer's Inventors: {Mauchly} and
                 {Eckert} To Mark Anniversary",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "F7--F7",
  day =          "1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:31:38 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/119265082",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  keywords =     "Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace; Charles
                 Babbage; Herman Hollerith; Institute for Advanced Study
                 (Princeton, NJ, USA); J. Presper Eckart; John William
                 Mauchly; Oswald Veblen; Vannevar Bush",
  remark =       "The article reports that the ENIAC was formally
                 dedicated on 15 February 1946 (the beginning of the Age
                 of the Electronic Computer), and operated until 11:45pm
                 on 2 October 1955.",
}

@Article{Barton:1972:PDE,
  author =       "H. Barton",
  title =        "Pressure Diecasting in the Eighteen-sixties: {Charles
                 Babbage}'s use of the technique on his ``calculating
                 engines''",
  journal =      "Diecasting and Metal Moulding",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "14--15",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:39:43 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Goldstine:1972:CPN,
  author =       "Herman Heine Goldstine",
  title =        "The Computer: {From} {Pascal} to {von Neumann}",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 378",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-691-02367-0 (paperback), 0-691-08104-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-02367-0 (paperback), 978-0-691-08104-5",
  LCCN =         "TK7885.A5 G64 1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 06 19:17:03 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/Matrix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/sparse.linear.systems.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/TUBScsd/1972.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1940.bib",
  note =         "Second printing, 1973. Paperback edition 1980. Fifth
                 printing, 1993 with new preface. Reprint 2000 by Books
                 on Demand, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7rvp0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  descriptor =   "Computer, ENIAC, Entwicklung, Geschichte, Pascal, Von
                 Neumann",
  kwds =         "book, history, computer",
  remark =       "Figure 1 facing page 20 is a photograph of a
                 reconstruction of the 1623 calculator (add, subtract,
                 multiply, and divide) of Wilhelm Schickard
                 (1592--1635), and Figure 2 on the same page is a
                 photograph of the 1642 calculator (add and subtract
                 only) of Blaise Pascal (1623--1666). Figure 3 shows the
                 1673 calculator (add and multiply-by-repeated-add) of
                 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646--1716). Figure 4
                 shows the Babbage Difference Engine (undated). Figure 6
                 shows the Scheutz version of the Difference Engine
                 (1854). Figures 12 to 14 show the ENIAC and the
                 Princeton IAS, the latter with John von Neumann and J.
                 Robert Oppenheimer.",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Part One: The historical background up to World War II
                 \\
                 Beginnings \\
                 Charles Babbage and his analytical engine \\
                 The astronomical ephemeris \\
                 The Universities: Maxwell and Boole \\
                 Integrators and planimeters \\
                 Michelson, Fourier Coefficients, and the Gibbs
                 Phenomenon \\
                 Boolean Algebra: $x^2 = xx = x$ \\
                 Billings, Hollerith, and the Census \\
                 Ballistics and the rise of the great mathematicians \\
                 Bush's differential analyzer and other analog devices
                 \\
                 Adaptation to scientific needs \\
                 Renascence and triumph of digital means of computation
                 \\
                 Part Two: Wartime developments: ENIAC and EDVAC \\
                 Electronic efforts prior to the ENIAC \\
                 The ballistic research laboratory \\
                 Differences between analog and digital machines \\
                 Beginnings of the ENIAC \\
                 The ENIAC as a mathematical instrument \\
                 John von Neumann and the computer \\
                 Beyond the ENIAC \\
                 The structure of the EDVAC \\
                 The spread of ideas \\
                 First Calculations on the ENIAC \\
                 Part Three: Post-World War II: The von Neumann Machine
                 and the institute for advanced study \\
                 Post-EDVAC days \\
                 The institute for advanced study computer \\
                 Automata theory and logic machines \\
                 Numerical Mathematics \\
                 Numerical Meteorology \\
                 Engineering activities and achievements \\
                 The computer and UNESCO \\
                 The Early Industrial Scene \\
                 Programming languages \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 Appendix: World-Wide Developments \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Losano:1972:CBP,
  author =       "Mario G. Losano",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} e la programmazione delle macchine
                 da calcolo",
  journal =      "Atti Accad. Sci. Torino Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur.",
  volume =       "106",
  pages =        "25--37",
  year =         "1972",
  ISSN =         "0001-4419",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "0313011 (47 \#1566)",
  MRreviewer =   "P. Bockstaele",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Atti della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Classe
                 di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali",
}

@InProceedings{Metropolis:1972:TEH,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and J. Worlton",
  title =        "A trilogy on errors in the history of computing",
  crossref =     "AFIPS:1972:FUJ",
  pages =        "683--691",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 21 09:15:36 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper emphasizes the inadequacies and
                 misunderstandings in published accounts of the history
                 of computing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tricomi:1972:PDM,
  author =       "Francesco Giacomo Tricomi",
  title =        "Un precursore delle moderne macchine calcolatrici:
                 {Charles Babbage} (1792--1871)",
  journal =      "Atti Accad. Sci. Torino Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur.",
  volume =       "106",
  pages =        "17--24",
  year =         "1972",
  ISSN =         "0001-4419",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "0313010 (47 \#1565)",
  MRreviewer =   "P. Bockstaele",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Atti della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Classe
                 di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali",
}

@InProceedings{Tukey:1972:HCS,
  author =       "John W. Tukey",
  booktitle =    "The {Babbage} Memorial Meeting: Report of
                 Proceedings",
  title =        "How computing and statistics affect each other",
  publisher =    "British Computer Society and Royal Statistical
                 Society",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "21--37",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 31 14:45:43 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/tukey-john-w.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ASnumber =     "244",
  PMnumber =     "none",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:1974:CBF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: father of the computer",
  publisher =    "U.S. Military Academy, Instructional Technology
                 Center",
  address =      "West Point, NY, USA",
  year =         "1974",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .C4x",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 10:42:34 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Videocassette (28 min.). Narrator, Bill Woodward;
                 director Warren F. Miller.",
  abstract =     "Documents Charles Babbage, the eccentric 19th century
                 genius known as the ``Father of the Computer,'' and his
                 amazing calculating engines. Produced from the
                 multi-image presentation at the 1974 IFIP Congress.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Computers; History",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Brewster:1975:DDS,
  editor =       "David Brewster",
  title =        "Debates on the decline of science",
  publisher =    "Arno Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "220 (est.)",
  year =         "1975",
  ISBN =         "0-405-06632-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-405-06632-0",
  LCCN =         "Q127.G4 D4",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:27 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "History, philosophy and sociology of science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprint of \booktitle{Review of Reflexions on the
                 decline of science in England and on some of its
                 causes} by Charles Babbage, by D. Brewster, first
                 published in 1830; \booktitle{On the alleged decline of
                 science in England}, by G. Moll, first published in
                 1831; \booktitle{A letter to the Board of Visitors of
                 the Greenwich Royal Observatory in reply to the
                 calumnies of Mr. Babbage at their meeting in June 1853,
                 and in his book entitled The exposition of 1851}, by R.
                 Sheepshanks, first published in 1860; and
                 \booktitle{Thoughts on the degradation of science in
                 England}, by F.R.S., first published in 1842.",
  subject =      "Science; England; History",
}

@Book{Buttmann:1974:ST,
  editor =       "G{\"u}nther Buttmann",
  title =        "The Shadow of the Telescope: a Biography of {John
                 Herschel}",
  publisher =    "Lutterworth Press",
  address =      "Guildford, UK",
  pages =        "xiv + 219",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-7188-2087-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7188-2087-9",
  LCCN =         "QB36.H59 B813 1974",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 23 14:24:27 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  note =         "Page 18 contains a letter from John Herschel to
                 Charles Babbage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Translated by B. E. J. Pagel. Edited and with an
                 introduction by David S. Evans.",
}

@Article{Forti:1975:BRB,
  author =       "Umberto Forti",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Babbage, la macchina
                 analitica}} [(Italian) [Babbage: the Analytical
                 Engine]]: By Mario G. Losano. Milan (Etas Kompas),
                 1973, 191 p}",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "350--353",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(75)90085-3",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:16:30 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086075900853",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
  keywords =     "Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1975:HBD,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "How {Babbage}'s dream came true",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "257",
  number =       "5527",
  pages =        "541--544",
  day =          "16",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/257541a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 16 19:10:37 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v257/n5527/pdf/257541a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@TechReport{Randell:1976:C,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "The {COLOSSUS}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "90",
  institution =  "Computing Laboratory, University of Newcastle upon
                 Tyne",
  address =      "Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  pages =        "48",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 25 15:32:00 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/trs/papers/90.pdf;
                 http://www.ncl.ac.uk/computing/research/publication/160056",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Alan Turing; Bletchley Park; Charles Babbage;
                 cryptanalysis; electronic computers; history of
                 computers; World War II",
  remark-1 =     "From page 5: ``A hitherto little known manuscript by
                 Babbage which has recently been published for the first
                 time makes it clear that Babbage had reached an almost
                 similar level of understanding ---in the manuscript he
                 points out that a fully detailed sequence of `formula
                 cards' might be prepared by the Analytical Engine from
                 a more abstract sequence. However, this is not to say
                 that Turing's work was in any way derived from
                 Babbage's: indeed there is no evidence that Turing even
                 knew of Babbage at this time\ldots{}.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 14: ``All of these machines [Zuse Z3, Bell
                 Laboratories Relay Interpolator and Ballistic Computer,
                 and Harvard Mark I] were tape controlled, and so could
                 have programs of considerable length and complexity,
                 but none had conditional branching facilities, an
                 omission which would have surprised Babbage.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 15: ``The ENIAC project was started in May
                 1943 and the machine was first used in late 1945 or
                 early 1946. It was a much larger machine than the
                 COLOSSUS, having about 18,000 valves, and being able to
                 store twenty ten digit decimal variables. It had
                 conditional branching facilities, and was programmed
                 using pluggable cables, a process that could take a day
                 or so, although later a method of programming which
                 involved manually setting values into a function table
                 was introduced''",
  remark-4 =     "From page 15: ``ENIAC had facilities for addition,
                 subtraction, multiplication, division, and the
                 extraction of square roots, and could test the sign of
                 a number and whether two numbers were equal. It used
                 punched card input and output.''",
  remark-5 =     "From page 15: ``it was amongst the ENIAC group that
                 the final step towards the modern computer was first
                 taken, namely the design of a practical stored program
                 computer, the EDVAC.''",
  remark-6 =     "From page 17: ``The Dollis Hill [NW London suburb]
                 people [who manufactured parts for the COLOSSUS] had
                 priority on stores and in the Post Office factories,
                 and did not have to account for anything. When they
                 asked for automatic typewriters instead of teleprinters
                 these were provided from the States and flown over,
                 with reserved places, no questions asked.''",
  remark-7 =     "From page 17: ``[I. J.] Good's post-war book
                 \booktitle{Probability and the Weighing of Evidence}
                 indicates that during the war Turing developed a
                 technique for facilitating Bayesian probability
                 calculations. Indeed Good has since written that Turing
                 `anticipated in classified work, a number of
                 statistical techniques which are usually attributed to
                 other people'. In fact his very important statistical
                 method was rediscovered and developed further by Wald
                 and called `Sequential Analysis'.''",
  remark-8 =     "From page 22: ``[Turing] did take some part in the
                 work of the [world's first stored program] computer
                 project [at Manchester], his most important
                 contribution being the specification of input/output
                 facilities. In addition, he did some programming, and
                 wrote the first Manchester programming manual.''",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction / 4 \\
                 2. Turing and Babbage / 4 \\
                 3. Bletchley Park / 5 \\
                 4. T. H. Flowers / 6 \\
                 5. Newmanry and Testery / 8 \\
                 6. Heath Robinson / 9 \\
                 7. The First COLOSSUS / 10 \\
                 8. The Mark 2 COLOSSUS / 12 \\
                 9. An Assessment / 14 \\
                 10. The COLOSSI in operation / 15 \\
                 11. Secrecy and Priority / 16 \\
                 12. Turing's Role / 17 \\
                 13. The American Scene / 19 \\
                 14. The Aftermath / 20 \\
                 15. Conclusions / 23 \\
                 16. Acknowledgements / 23 \\
                 17. References / 24 \\
                 Appendix: Explanatory Caption / 28 \\
                 Notes / 29",
}

@Article{Williams:1976:DE,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "The {Difference Engines}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--89",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/19.1.82",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:57 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/1/82.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C0200 (General computer topics)",
  classification = "912; 921",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary,
                 Alta., Canada",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "Babbage's machine; business machines; development;
                 difference engines; engine; history; mathematical
                 instruments; mathematical techniques --- Function
                 Evaluation; Scheutz",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Book{Wilmot-Buxton:1976:MLL,
  editor =       "H. J. (Harry John) Wilmot-Buxton",
  title =        "Memoir of the life and labours of {Charles Babbage}: a
                 descriptive and historical account of his analytical
                 and difference engines",
  publisher =    "Museum of the History of Science",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  pages =        "13",
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "QA75.B112 A3 1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Microedition produced for the Museum by Oxford
                 Microform Publications ltd. Microfiche of Ms. Buxton 16
                 and 17, in Oxford University, Museum of the History of
                 Science. Fiche title: The life of Charles Babbage.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators; History; Sources",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:1977:BAE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Babbage Analytical Engine}",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:27 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "1 photographic print [between 1971 and 1977]",
  URL =          "http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.24133",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "LOT 13231 no. 48",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Machinery; 1840--1850; Calculators",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Dubbey:1977:BPM,
  author =       "J. M. Dubbey",
  title =        "{Babbage}, {Peacock} and modern algebra",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "295--302",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(77)90057-X",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "0453441 (56 \#11704)",
  MRreviewer =   "J. L. Berggren",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:16:47 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/031508607790057X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
}

@Book{Merzbach:1977:GSF,
  author =       "Uta C. Merzbach",
  title =        "{Georg Scheutz} and the first printing calculator",
  volume =       "36",
  publisher =    "Smithsonian Institution Press",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "iii + 74",
  year =         "1977",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .M46",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 21:21:54 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Smithsonian studies in history and technology",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Calculators; History; Scheutz, George",
  subject-dates = "1785--1873",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1977:BCP,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes",
  title =        "{Babbage} as a computer pioneer",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "415--440",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(77)90079-9",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  MRclass =      "68-03 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "0502116 (58 \#19280)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:16:49 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086077900799",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
  keywords =     "Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace",
}

@Article{Yntema:1977:CB,
  author =       "L. Yntema",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} (1792/1871)",
  journal =      "Verzekerings-Arch.",
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "189--205",
  year =         "1977",
  MRclass =      "01A70",
  MRnumber =     "0505046 (58 \#21325)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Dubbey:1978:MWC,
  author =       "John Michael Dubbey",
  title =        "The mathematical work of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 235",
  year =         "1978",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511622397",
  ISBN =         "0-521-21649-4 (hardback), 0-521-52476-8 (paperback),
                 0-511-62239-2 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-21649-4 (hardback), 978-0-521-52476-6
                 (paperback), 978-0-511-62239-7 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA27.G7 D8; QA29.B2",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55 68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "0472412 (57 \#12113)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01; z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  price =        "\pounds 17.95: CIP entry (May)",
  URL =          "http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9780521524766.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Babbage, Charles, 1791--1871; computers --- history;
                 mathematics --- Great Britain --- history",
  subject =      "Babbage; Charles; 1791--1871; Computers; History;
                 Mathematics; Great Britain; Mathematics; Great Britain;
                 History; Computers",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Introduction \\
                 British mathematics 1800-30 \\
                 The Analytical Society \\
                 The calculus of functions \\
                 The Philosophy of Analysis \\
                 Miscellaneous papers in analysis, probability and
                 geometry \\
                 Notation \\
                 Babbage and his computers \\
                 Conclusion \\
                 Appendix \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Enros:1978:BRB,
  author =       "Philip C. Enros",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Mathematical Work of
                 Charles Babbage}}, by J. M. Dubbey}",
  journal =      j-AM-SCI,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "639",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "AMSCAC",
  ISSN =         "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-0996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27848947",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/past.aspx",
}

@Article{Gridgeman:1978:BRA,
  author =       "N. T. Gridgeman",
  title =        "Book Review: Another {Lucasian Professor}:
                 {{\booktitle{The Mathematical Work of Charles
                 Babbage}}}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "200",
  number =       "4342",
  pages =        "667",
  day =          "12",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1746963",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@InCollection{Maistrov:1978:CBD,
  author =       "L. E. Ma{\u\i}strov and I. S. {\`E}dlin",
  booktitle =    "History and methodology of the natural sciences, {No}.
                 {XX} ({Russian})",
  title =        "{C}. {Babbage}'s difference engine",
  publisher =    "Moskov. Gos. Univ.",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "99--105",
  year =         "1978",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "537138 (82g:01027)",
  MRreviewer =   "Siegfried Gottwald",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Beyer:1979:BRB,
  author =       "W. A. Beyer",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Mathematical Work of
                 Charles Babbage}} by J. M. Dubbey}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--67",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2320321",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Beyer:1979:RBM,
  author =       "W. A. Beyer",
  title =        "Reviews: {{\\booktitle{The Mathematical Work of
                 Charles Babbage}}, by J. M. Dubbey}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--67",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2320321",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  MRnumber =     "1538934",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Beyer:1979:RMW,
  author =       "W. A. Beyer",
  title =        "Reviews: {{\em The Mathematical Work of Charles
                 Babbage}}, by {J. M. Dubbey}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--67",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:39:17 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Grattan-Guinness:1979:BMT,
  author =       "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Mathematics in its Time",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--88",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400016848",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "553463 (80k:01033)",
  MRreviewer =   "Burnett Meyer",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4025665",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
  xxnumber =     "40, part 1",
}

@Article{Grattan-Guinness:1979:BRB,
  author =       "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  title =        "Book Review: {Babbage}'s Mathematics in Its Time:
                 {{\booktitle{The Mathematical Work of Charles
                 Babbage}}}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--88",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4025665",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{Hill:1979:BRB,
  author =       "I. D. Hill",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Mathematical Work of
                 Charles Babbage}}, by J. M. Dubbey}",
  journal =      j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL,
  volume =       "142",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--64",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "JSSAEF",
  ISSN =         "0035-9238",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2344654",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A
                 (General)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00359238.html",
}

@Article{Hyman:1979:RDM,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman and N. T. Gridgeman",
  title =        "Reviews: {D. L. Moore: Ada, Countess of Lovelace}; {J.
                 M. Dubbey: The Mathematical Work of Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--76",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:16 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1979/pdf/a1075.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1979/a1075abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Kemp:1979:BRB,
  author =       "Emory Kemp",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{John Scott Russell}}, by
                 George S. Emmerson; \booktitle{The Mathematical Work of
                 Charles Babbage}, by J. M. Dubbey; \booktitle{Sir
                 Charles Wheatstone}, by Brian Bowers}",
  journal =      j-VIC-STUD,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "127--129",
  month =        "Autumn",
  year =         "1979",
  ISSN =         "0042-5222 (print), 1527-2052 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-5222",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3827448",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Victorian Studies",
}

@Article{Petrenko:1979:BMO,
  author =       "A. K. Petrenko and O. L. Petrenko",
  title =        "The {Babbage} machine and the origins of programming",
  journal =      "Istor.-Mat. Issled.",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "340--360, 389",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IMAIAS",
  ISSN =         "0136-0949",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "550674 (83b:01045)",
  MRreviewer =   "Garry J. Tee",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Istoriko-Matematicheskie Issledovaniya",
}

@Article{Randell:1979:ABO,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "An Annotated Bibliography on the Origins of Digital
                 Computers",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "101--207",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1979.10016",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:16 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1979/pdf/a2101.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1979/a2101abs.htm",
  abstract =     "The bibliography contains nearly 750 annotated and
                 indexed citations to papers, books, and other items
                 relating to the origins of the modern electronic
                 computer. The topics covered range from early digital
                 calculating devices and mechanical automata to the
                 first stored program computers. New entries were added
                 up to June 1979.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Robinson:1979:BRJ,
  author =       "Stephen M. Robinson",
  title =        "Book Review: {J. M. Dubbey: \booktitle{The
                 Mathematical Work of Charles Babbage}}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "326--327",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:29:55 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i302333;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/230856",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1980:CBI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage Institute} Selects Permanent Home",
  journal =      j-SCI-TECHNOL-HUMAN-VALUES,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "33",
  pages =        "58--58",
  month =        "Autumn",
  year =         "1980",
  ISSN =         "0162-2439 (print),1552-8251 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0162-2439",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/689292",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science, Technology and Human Values",
}

@Article{Becher:1980:WBP,
  author =       "Harvey W. Becher",
  title =        "{Woodhouse}, {Babbage}, {Peacock}, and Modern
                 Algebra",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "389--400",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(80)90003-8",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "601287 (82i:01027)",
  MRreviewer =   "J. Dieudonn{\'e}",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:17:21 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086080900038",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
}

@Article{Enros:1980:BRB,
  author =       "Philip C. Enros",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The mathematical work of
                 Charles Babbage}}: By John Michael Dubbey. New
                 York\slash London (Cambridge University Press). 1978.
                 viii + 235 pp. \$26.50}",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "98--100",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(80)90085-3",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:17:15 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086080900853",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
}

@Article{Enros:1980:BRM,
  author =       "Philip C. Enros",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The mathematical work of
                 Charles Babbage}}: By John Michael Dubbey. New
                 York\slash London (Cambridge University Press). 1978.
                 viii + 235 pp. \$26.50}",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "98--100",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(80)90085-3",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:17:15 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086080900853",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860/",
}

@Article{Goto:1980:SHM,
  author =       "Eiichi Goto and Motoaki Terashima",
  title =        "Studies on Hashing --- 3. {MTAC} --- {Mathematical
                 Tabulative Automatic Computing}",
  journal =      j-J-INF-PROCESS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--30",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "JIPRDE",
  ISSN =         "0387-6101",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 17:38:12 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib",
  abstract =     "Tabulation vs. recomputation of mathematical function
                 is a typical space vs. time tradeoff problem in
                 computing. Two principles, (P1) on demand tabulation
                 and (P2) reclaimable tabulation, are proposed to widen
                 the range of applicability of tabulation. For some
                 cases these principles are shown to be similar in
                 effect to recursion elimination. The results of
                 software implementation of these principles are given.
                 Another MTAC (Mathematical Tabulative Architecture for
                 Computers) that relates to Babbage's difference engine,
                 to hardware hashing, and to a modified buffer (cache)
                 register is also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Information Processing",
  journalabr =   "J Inf Process",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer systems programming ---
                 Table Lookup",
}

@Article{Gullard:1980:CBI,
  author =       "Pamela Gullard",
  title =        "The {Charles Babbage Institute for the History of
                 Information Processing}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--74",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1980.10002",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:17 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1980/pdf/a1071.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1980/a1071abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Huskey:1980:LLC,
  author =       "Velma R. Huskey and Harry D. Huskey",
  title =        "{Lady Lovelace} and {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "299--329",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1980.10042",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "640773 (83d:01030)",
  MRreviewer =   "Willard Parker",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcw.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1980/pdf/a4299.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1980/a4299abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Metropolis:1980:TEH,
  author =       "N. Metropolis and J. Worlton",
  title =        "A Trilogy on Errors in the History of Computing",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "49--59",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1980.10007",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "68-03 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "MR554490 (81a:68003)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:17 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "An earlier version is published in
                 \cite{Metropolis:1972:TEH}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1980/pdf/a1049.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1980/a1049abs.htm",
  ZMnumber =     "0998.68501",
  abstract =     "This article identifies published errors and
                 misunderstandings in three areas of the history of
                 computing and provides the results of research intended
                 to correct these errors. The three areas addressed are:
                 (1) awareness of the work of Charles Babbage among the
                 originators of modern computers; (2) the origins of the
                 stored-program concept; (3) the distinction between the
                 MANIAC and the IAS machine. The conclusions reached
                 are: (1) some of the originators of modern computers
                 were indeed aware of the work of Babbage, but some were
                 not; (2) the stored-program concept was an integral
                 part of the EDVAC design, the result of the work of the
                 ENIAC design team; (3) the term MANIAC was properly
                 applied only to the computer designed and built at Los
                 Alamos Scientific Laboratory, not to the IAS machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; EDVAC; MANIAC (Los Alamos computer)",
}

@Article{Nagler:1980:ANB,
  author =       "Harry Nagler",
  title =        "Anecdotes: {Napier} and {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "186--187",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1980.10017",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:17 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1980/pdf/a2186a.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1980/a2186aabs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Nagler:1980:NB,
  author =       "Harry Nagler",
  title =        "{Napier} and {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "186--187",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A45",
  MRnumber =     "568714 (82e:01044)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{VanSinderen:1980:PPC,
  author =       "Alfred W. {Van Sinderen}",
  title =        "The Printed Papers of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "169--185",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1980.10020",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (01A70 01A99)",
  MRnumber =     "568713 (81m:01105)",
  MRreviewer =   "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1980/pdf/a2169.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1980/a2169abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@TechReport{Williams:1980:SLC,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "The Scientific Library of {Charles Babbage}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "80/46/4",
  institution =  "University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 10:31:19 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1981:CQD,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Query on {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "288--288",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1981.10029",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1981/pdf/a3288.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/a3288abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Book{Apokin:1981:CB,
  author =       "I. A. Apokin and L. E. Ma{\u\i}strov and I. S.
                 {\`E}dlin",
  title =        "Charlz {Bebidzh}",
  publisher =    "``Nauka''",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "128",
  year =         "1981",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "633338 (83b:01057)",
  MRreviewer =   "Garry J. Tee",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "1791--1871, Nauchno-Biograficheskaya Seriya.
                 [Scientific-Biographic Series]",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Bernstein:1981:AEC,
  author =       "Jeremy Bernstein",
  title =        "The {Analytical Engine}: computers --- past, present,
                 and future",
  publisher =    "Morrow",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "131",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-688-00484-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-688-00484-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .B45 1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:53:58 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Revision of \cite{Bernstein:1964:AEC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
  subject =      "Computers; Electronic digital computers",
}

@Article{Catanese:1981:BCC,
  author =       "F. Catanese",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s conjecture, contact of surfaces, symmetric
                 determinantal varieties and applications",
  journal =      j-INVENT-MATH,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "433--465",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "INVMBH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01389064",
  ISSN =         "0020-9910 (print), 1432-1297 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-9910",
  MRclass =      "14J25 (14M12)",
  MRnumber =     "620679 (83c:14026)",
  MRreviewer =   "Daniel Comenetz",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Inventiones Mathematicae",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/222",
}

@Article{Franksen:1981:MBD,
  author =       "Ole Immanuel Franksen",
  title =        "{Mr. Babbage}, the {Difference Engine}, and the
                 Problem of Notation: An Account of the Origin of
                 Recursiveness and Conditionals in Computer
                 Programming",
  journal =      j-INT-J-ENG-SCI,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1657--1694",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IJESAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(81)90158-0",
  ISSN =         "0020-7225 (print), 1879-2197 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-7225",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "663047 (83j:01023)",
  MRreviewer =   "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "Special issue dedicated to Prof. K. Kondo",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0020722581901580",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Engineering Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00207225",
}

@Article{Gullard:1981:CBI,
  author =       "Pamela Gullard",
  title =        "{The Charles Babbage Institute for the History of
                 Information Processing (CBI)}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "262--264",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:30:14 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i302343;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/230974",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Book{Morrell:1981:GSE,
  author =       "Jack Morrell and Arnold Thackray",
  title =        "Gentlemen of science: early years of the {British
                 Association for the Advancement of Science}",
  publisher =    pub-CLARENDON,
  address =      pub-CLARENDON:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 592 + 16",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-19-858163-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-858163-5",
  LCCN =         "Q41.B85 M67 1981",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 17:36:01 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$49.95 (U.S.)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "There are at least 85 mentions of Charles Babbage in
                 this book.",
}

@Book{Schweber:1981:ALT,
  editor =       "S. S. (Silvan S.) Schweber",
  title =        "Aspects of the life and thought of {Sir John Frederick
                 Herschel}",
  publisher =    "Arno Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-405-13898-9 (vol. 1), 0-405-13899-7 (vol. 2)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-405-13898-0 (vol. 1), 978-0-405-13899-7 (vol.
                 2)",
  LCCN =         "Q113 .H58 1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 10:47:45 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Contains a complete facsimile of Babbage, Herschel,
                 and Peacock's \booktitle{Memoirs of the Analytical
                 Society}.",
  price =        "US\$95.00 (set)",
  series =       "The Development of science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1792--1871",
  subject =      "Science",
}

@Article{Strachey:1981:AIP,
  author =       "C. Strachey and Velma R. Huskey and Harry D. Huskey",
  title =        "Anecdotes: An Impossible Program; {Charles Babbage and
                 Lady Lovelace}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "414--415",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1981.10040",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1981/pdf/a4414.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  remark =       "In this reprint of a short letter
                 \cite{Strachey:1965:LEI}, Christopher S. Strachey
                 (1916--1975) recalls a short proof that Alan Turing
                 once gave him on a railway journal in 1953 that ``it is
                 impossible to write a program which can examine any
                 other program and tell, in every case, if it will
                 terminate or get into a closed loop when it is run.''
                 That is Turing's famous uniform halting problem, also
                 called by its German name Entscheidungsproblem
                 [decision problem].",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1981:DCU,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes",
  title =        "The Design of a Control Unit --- Reflections on
                 Reading {Babbage}'s Notebooks",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "116--120",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1981.10019",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "641727 (83d:01040)",
  MRreviewer =   "Benjamin S. Hawkins",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1981/pdf/a2116.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/a2116abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Williams:1981:SLC,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "The Scientific Library of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "235--240",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1981.10028",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (00A20)",
  MRnumber =     "642079 (84i:01069)",
  MRreviewer =   "Ivan Rival",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1981/pdf/a3235.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/a3235abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1982:LWC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The life and work of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "485--485",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(82)90108-2",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:17:36 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086082901082",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1982:NNPb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "News and Notices: {Pioneer Day to Celebrate Harvard at
                 1983 NCC}; {Meeting on Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "373--373",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:19 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1982/pdf/a4373.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1982/a4373abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Aspray:1982:BRB,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage, A Scientist
                 and Reformer}}, by Anthony Hymanm, Princeton: Princeton
                 University Press}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "218",
  number =       "4573",
  pages =        "672--673",
  day =          "12",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.218.4573.672",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1688618",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@InCollection{Babbage:1982:BAE,
  author =       "H. P. Babbage",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s {Analytical Engine} (1910)",
  crossref =     "Randell:1982:ODC",
  pages =        "67--71",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 03 08:36:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Babbage:1982:BCE,
  editor =       "Henry Prevost Babbage",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s calculating engines: a collection of
                 papers",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-TOMASH,
  address =      pub-TOMASH:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 342 + 22",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-938228-04-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-938228-04-2",
  LCCN =         "QA75 B323 1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "alpha.lib.uwo.ca:210/INNOPAC;
                 clas.caltech.edu:210/INNOPAC;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 janus.uoregon.edu:210/INNOPAC;
                 libraries.colorado.edu:210/INNOPAC;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 library.usma.army.mil:210/INNOPAC;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  note =         "With a new introduction by Allan G. Bromley.",
  series =       "Charles Babbage Institute reprint series for the
                 history of computing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprint of \cite{Babbage:1889:BCB}. H. P. Babbage is
                 the son of Charles Babbage.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxpages =      "xix + 342 + 31",
}

@Book{Berg:1982:MQMb,
  author =       "Maxine Berg",
  title =        "The Machinery Question and the Making of Political
                 Economy",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 379",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-521-28759-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-28759-3",
  LCCN =         "HB85 .B47 1982",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:41:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
  subject =      "Economia; S. XIX; Maquin{\'a}ria en la ind{\'u}stria;
                 Tecnologia; Gran Bretanya",
}

@Article{Bromley:1982:CBA,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s {Analytical Engine}, 1838",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "196--217",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "684527 (84d:01027)",
  MRreviewer =   "Garry J. Tee",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1982/pdf/a3196.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1982/a3196abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Book{Hyman:1982:CBPa,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: pioneer of the computer",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 287 + 32",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-19-281491-5; 0-19-858170-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-281491-3; 978-0-19-858170-3",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 H93 1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "atrium.bib.umontreal.ca:210/advance;
                 catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  series =       "Oxford University Press paperback",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Babbage, Charles, 1791--1871; mathematicians --- Great
                 Britain --- biography",
  remark =       "From \cite[page vii]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``[this book]
                 contains the richest account of Babbage's life and the
                 context of his times.''",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Biography; Mathematicians, English",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxpages =      "xi + 287 + 33",
}

@Book{Hyman:1982:CBPb,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: pioneer of the computer",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 287 + 33",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-691-08303-7, 0-691-02377-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-08303-2, 978-0-691-02377-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 H93 1982; Q143.B2 H9",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55 68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "693093 (84g:01059)",
  MRreviewer =   "Garry J. Tee",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "atrium.bib.umontreal.ca:210/advance;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager; z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Babbage, Charles, 1791--1871; mathematicians --- Great
                 Britain --- biography",
  remark =       "``Published works of Charles Babbage'', s.
                 [256]-260.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematicians; Great Britain;
                 Biography",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxpages =      "xi + [iv] + 287 + [33]",
}

@Article{Lindgren:1982:SFD,
  author =       "Michael Lindgren and Svante Lindqvist",
  title =        "{Scheutz}'s First {Difference Engine} Rediscovered",
  journal =      j-TECH-CULTURE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "207--213",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "TECUA3",
  ISSN =         "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0040-165X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/techculture1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3104133",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Tech. Culture",
  fjournal =     "Technology and Culture",
  journal-URL =  "https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/194",
  remark-1 =     "Georg Scheutz (1785--1873) and his son Edvard Scheutz
                 (1821--1881) completed a Difference Engine in 1843, and
                 two more models in 1853 and 1859. The 1843 model was
                 long lost, but was discovered in Stockholm by the first
                 author (Michael Lindgren) in 1979.",
  remark-2 =     "From page 209: ``Manufactured by J. W. Bergstrom's
                 mechanical workshop in Stockholm, it [the second
                 Scheutz Difference Engine] was finished in 1853 after
                 one year of work. This engine was a mathematically
                 enlarged version of the first one: the first engine had
                 used five places and three differences, the second used
                 fifteen places and four differences.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 209: ``A third difference engine, built by
                 Bryan Donkin's mechanical workshop in London in 1859,
                 was used for many years at the Registrar's Office for
                 calculating and printing statistical tables, and that
                 is the one now at the Science Museum.''",
  remark-4 =     "From page 210: ``In December 1979 Lindgren located
                 that artifact [the first Scheutz Difference Engine] in
                 the storehouse of the museum, where it had remained
                 forgotten in its mahogany case for a hundred years.''",
  remark-5 =     "From page 213: ``only three difference engines of the
                 Scheutz type were ever made.''",
  remark-6 =     "From page 213: ``Georg Scheutz died impoverished in
                 1873 \ldots{} Merzbach \cite{Merzbach:1977:GSF} has
                 written, `In establishing Georg Scheutz's place in the
                 history of computation, we must credit him --- and his
                 son -- with the first complete construction of a
                 printing calculator.'\,''",
}

@InCollection{Merrifield:1982:RCL,
  author =       "C. W. Merrifield",
  title =        "Report of the Committee, consisting of {Professor
                 Cayley, Dr. Farr, Mr. J. W. L. Glaisher, Dr. Pole,
                 Professor Fuller, Professor A. B. W. Kennedy, Professor
                 Clifford, and Mr. C. W. Merrifield}, appointed to
                 consider the advisability and to estimate the expense
                 of constructing {Mr. Babbage}'s {Analytical Machine},
                 and of printing tables by its means (1879)",
  crossref =     "Randell:1982:ODC",
  pages =        "55--65",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 03 08:36:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{OHanlon:1982:BRB,
  author =       "Redmond O'Hanlon",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{A Calculating Man: Charles
                 Babbage, Pioneer of the Computer}}. By Anthony Hyman.
                 Illustrated. 287 pp. Princeton: Princeton University
                 Press. \$25}",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "BR26--BR26",
  day =          "14",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:37:02 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/122073847",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
}

@Article{Poitou:1982:PBA,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre Poitou",
  title =        "{Prony} et {Babbage}: aper{\c{c}}us sur l'histoire de
                 la division du travail mental. ({French}) [{Prony} and
                 {Babbage}: views on the history of the division of
                 mental labor]",
  journal =      "History of European Ideas",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "295--302",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(82)90018-3",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0191659982900183",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Randell:1982:AEE,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "From {Analytical Engine} to Electronic Digital
                 Computer: The Contributions of {Ludgate}, {Torres} and
                 {Bush}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "327--341",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:19 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1982/pdf/a4327.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1982/a4327abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Tee:1982:CBM,
  author =       "Garry J. Tee",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} materials in {New Zealand} and
                 {Australia}",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "344--345",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(82)90130-6",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  MRclass =      "01A70",
  MRnumber =     "667606 (84d:01068)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:17:35 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086082901306",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
}

@Article{Bromley:1983:RFM,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley and Martin Campbell-Kelly and K. W.
                 Smillie and Eric A. Weiss and Saul Rosen and Cipher A.
                 Deavours",
  title =        "Reviews: {O. I. Franksen: Mr. Babbage, the Difference
                 Engine, and the Problem of Notation: An Account of the
                 Origin of Recursiveness and Conditionals in Computer
                 Programming}; {H. Lukoff: from Dits to Bits}; {I.
                 Asimov: Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science
                 and Technology}; {J. Futrelle: Thinking Machine}; {R.
                 M. Hord: The Illiac IV}; {C. H. Meyer and S. M. Matyas:
                 Cryptography}; {T. J. Peters and R. H. Waterman: In
                 Search of Excellence}; {J. W. Stokes: 70 Years of Radio
                 Tubes and Valves}; {G. Welchman: The Hut Six Story};
                 Capsule Reviews",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "411--427",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 04 09:22:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1983/pdf/a4411.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1983/a4411abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Book{Ceruzzi:1983:RPD,
  author =       "Paul E. Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reckoners: the prehistory of the digital computer,
                 from relays to the stored program concept, 1935--1945",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    pub-GREENWOOD,
  address =      pub-GREENWOOD:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 181",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "0-313-23382-9 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-313-23382-1 (hardcover)",
  ISSN =         "0734-757X",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .C4164 1983",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 4 07:46:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  series =       "Contributions to the study of computer science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "electronic digital computers --- history",
}

@Article{Enros:1983:ASP,
  author =       "Philip C. Enros",
  title =        "The Analytical Society (1812--1813): Precursor of the
                 renewal of {Cambridge} mathematics",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--47",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:17:38 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0315086083900319",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860/",
}

@Book{Hyman:1983:CB,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  edition =      "Repr.",
  pages =        "287",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "0-691-08303-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-08303-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage; Charles; 1792--1871",
}

@Article{Mosconi:1983:CBV,
  author =       "Jean Mosconi",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: vers une th{\'e}orie du calcul
                 m{\'e}canique. ({French}) [{Charles Babbage}: toward a
                 theory of mechanical calculation]",
  journal =      j-REV-HIST-SCI-LEURS-APPL,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--107",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "RHSAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3406/rhs.1983.1904",
  ISSN =         "0048-7996, 0151-4105, 1969-6582",
  ISSN-L =       "0048-7996",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "708447 (85a:01040)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et de leurs
                 Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.olschki.it/riviste/17",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Randell:1983:MA,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "A Mysterious Advertisement",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--63",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1983.10005",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:19 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1983/pdf/a1060.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1983/a1060abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  remark =       "From the article: ``The Babbage papers discovered in
                 New Zealand and Australia by Garry J. Tee (described in
                 the preceding article in this issue) contain one very
                 curious item Babbage's handwriting, namely the text of
                 an advertisement that appeared in the Times on March 3,
                 1835.''",
}

@Article{Richards:1983:BRA,
  author =       "Joan L. Richards",
  title =        "Book Review: {Anthony Hyman: \booktitle{Charles
                 Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer}}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "292--292",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:22:46 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i211163;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/233151",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Article{Smillie:1983:BRB,
  author =       "K. W. Smillie",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage, Pioneer of
                 the Computer}}, by Anthony Hyman}",
  journal =      j-SIAM-REVIEW,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "422--423",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SIREAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1137/1025100",
  ISSN =         "0036-1445 (print), 1095-7200 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1445",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 29 09:53:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/toc/siread/25/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siamreview.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2029408",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIAM Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://epubs.siam.org/sirev",
  onlinedate =   "July 1983",
}

@Article{Tee:1983:HCB,
  author =       "Garry J. Tee",
  title =        "The Heritage of {Charles Babbage} in {Australasia}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--59",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "696633 (84k:01041a)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/allison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1983/pdf/a1045.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1983/a1045abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "jrnl, Babbage, difference engine, analytical engine",
}

@Article{VanSinderen:1983:BLQ,
  author =       "Alfred W. {Van Sinderen}",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Letter to {Quetelet}, {May 1835}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "263--267",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "714019 (85a:01041)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1983/pdf/a3263.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1983/a3263abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{VanSinderen:1983:RHC,
  author =       "Alfred W. {Van Sinderen} and Allan G. Bromley and
                 Bernard Cohen and Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews: {A. Hyman: Charles Babbage}; {N. Stern: from
                 ENIAC to UNIVAC I}; {C. Baum: The System Builders};
                 Capsule Reviews",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--85",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:19 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1983/pdf/a1076.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1983/a1076abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Book{Augarten:1984:BBI,
  author =       "Stan Augarten",
  title =        "Bit by Bit: an Illustrated History of Computers",
  publisher =    pub-TICKNOR,
  address =      pub-TICKNOR:adr,
  pages =        "324",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-89919-268-8 (hardcover), 0-89919-302-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89919-268-0 (hardcover), 978-0-89919-302-1
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.17 .A94 1984",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 04 13:17:59 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  price =        "US\$29.85 (hardcover), US\$17.95 (paperback)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computers --- history",
  tableofcontents = "The first mechanical calculators \\
                 The engines of Charles Babbage \\
                 The bridge between two centuries \\
                 The invention of ENIAC \\
                 The stored-program computer \\
                 The rise of IBM \\
                 The Whirlwind Project \\
                 The integrated circuit \\
                 The personal computer \\
                 Epilogue: the lesson of history \\
                 Appendix: The FBI dossier of John William Mauchly \\
                 Chronology of the history of computers",
}

@Article{Bell:1984:ADD,
  author =       "Gwen Bell",
  title =        "{ACM} doctoral dissertation award: {ACM} international
                 scholastic programming contest awards",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--43",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/952980.808620",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1980.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the 15th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on
                 Computer Science Education.",
  abstract =     "Dr. Bell is director of The Computer Museum in
                 Marlboro, Mass., a memeber of the Charles Babbage
                 Institute Program Committee and an editorial board
                 member for the Annals of the History of Computing. As
                 director of The Computer Museum since 1980, she has
                 interpreted computer history via exhibitions, programs
                 and public speeches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Book{Eckert:1984:PCM,
  author =       "W. J. (Wallace John) Eckert",
  title =        "Punched card methods in scientific computation",
  volume =       "5",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "xv + ix + 136 + 4",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-262-05030-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-262-05030-2",
  LCCN =         "QB51.3.E43 E28 1984",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:37:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  note =         "With a new introduction by J. C. McPherson.",
  series =       "Charles Babbage Institute reprint series for the
                 history of computing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1902--1971",
  remark =       "Reprint of \cite{Eckert:1940:PCM}.",
  subject =      "Punched card systems; Astronomy; History",
}

@Book{Franksen:1984:MBS,
  author =       "Ole Immanuel Franksen",
  title =        "{Mr. Babbage}'s secret: the tale of a cypher --- and
                 {APL}",
  publisher =    "Strandbergs Forlag",
  address =      "Birker{\o}d, Danmark",
  pages =        "320",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "87-87200-86-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-87-87200-86-8",
  LCCN =         "Z103.B2 F72 1984",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (00A69 68-03 94-03)",
  MRnumber =     "748667 (85k:01022)",
  MRreviewer =   "Garry J. Tee",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography.bib",
  note =         "The tale of a cypher---and APL, With a foreword by H.
                 H. Goldstine",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "APL (computer program language); Babbage, Charles,
                 1791--1871; ciphers --- history; cryptographers ---
                 Great Britain --- biography; cryptography --- history",
  xxpages =      "319",
}

@Article{Stein:1984:LLN,
  author =       "Dorothy K. Stein",
  title =        "{Lady Lovelace}'s Notes: Technical Text and Cultural
                 Context",
  journal =      j-VIC-STUD,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--67",
  month =        "Autumn",
  year =         "1984",
  ISSN =         "0042-5222 (print), 1527-2052 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-5222",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:21:37 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3826758",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Victorian Studies",
}

@Article{Tee:1984:CBH,
  author =       "Garry J. Tee",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} (1791--1871) and his {New Zealand}
                 connections",
  journal =      "Roy. Soc. New Zealand Bull.",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "81--90",
  year =         "1984",
  ISSN =         "0370-6559",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "767953 (86d:01036)",
  MRreviewer =   "J. J. Cross",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin",
}

@Article{Tropp:1984:CBP,
  author =       "Henry S. Tropp",
  title =        "{{\booktitle{Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the
                 Computer}} by Anthony Hyman} (review)",
  journal =      j-TECH-CULTURE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "651--653",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "TECUA3",
  ISSN =         "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0040-165X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 30 08:23:54 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/techculture1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3104217;
                 https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/890005/pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Tech. Culture",
  fjournal =     "Technology and Culture",
  journal-URL =  "https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/194",
}

@TechReport{Bromley:1985:BGE,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "{Babbage} general: the evolution of {Charles
                 Babbage}'s calculating engines",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "272",
  institution =  "Basser Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Sydney",
  address =      "Sydney, NSW, Australia",
  pages =        "30 + 20",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-949269-91-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-949269-91-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:44 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Calculators",
}

@Article{Crowley:1985:DBD,
  author =       "Mary L. Crowley",
  title =        "The {``Difference''} in {Babbage}'s {Difference
                 Engine}",
  journal =      j-MATH-TEACH,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "366--372",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  ISSN =         "0025-5769 (print), 2330-0582 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27964533",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Mathematics Teacher",
}

@Book{Franksen:1985:MBS,
  author =       "Ole Immanuel Franksen",
  title =        "{Mr. Babbage}'s secret: the tale of a cypher and
                 {APL}",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "319",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-13-604729-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-604729-2",
  LCCN =         "Z103.B2 F721 1985",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 4 07:46:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "APL (computer program language); Babbage, Charles,
                 1791--1871; ciphers --- history; cryptographers ---
                 Great Britain --- biography; cryptography --- history;
                 Kenneth E. Iverson",
}

@Article{Hill:1985:BRBa,
  author =       "I. D. Hill",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage --- Pioneer
                 of the Computer}}, by Anthony Hyman}",
  journal =      j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL,
  volume =       "148",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "171--171",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "JSSAEF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2981961",
  ISSN =         "0035-9238",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9238",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 24 11:18:15 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/stable/i349615;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jrss-a-1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2981961",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A
                 (General)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00359238.html",
}

@Book{Jennings:1985:PCM,
  editor =       "Humphrey Jennings",
  title =        "Pand{\ae}monium: the coming of the machine as seen by
                 contemporary observers, 1660--1886",
  publisher =    pub-FREE-PRESS,
  address =      pub-FREE-PRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxxviii + 376",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-02-916470-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-02-916470-9",
  LCCN =         "PR1111.I58 P3 1985",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 18 09:19:28 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Edited by Mary-Lou Jennings and Charles Madge.
                 Foreword by Frank Cottrell Boyce.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
  subject =      "English literature; Industries; Literary collections;
                 Machinery in the workplace; Industrialization; Social
                 conflict; Social history; Great Britain",
  tableofcontents = "Part One: 1660--1729: Observations and reports \\
                 Part Two: 1730--1790: Exploitation \\
                 Part Three: 1791--1850: Revolution \\
                 Part Four: 1851--1886: Confusion \\
                 Theme sequences \\
                 The man of science \\
                 Poetry and science \\
                 Theology and science \\
                 Industrial man \\
                 D{\ae}mons at work \\
                 Miners \\
                 Population and subsistence \\
                 The power to come \\
                 Man, animal, machine \\
                 The weather in the soul \\
                 Music and architecture \\
                 Earth and creation \\
                 Light \\
                 The railway \\
                 Men and molecules \\
                 London",
}

@Article{ODonnell:1985:BRB,
  author =       "John T. O'Donnell",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage: Pioneer of
                 the Computer}}, by Anthony Hyman}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "522--525",
  month =        aug # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2322530",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{ODonnell:1985:RCB,
  author =       "John T. O'Donnell",
  title =        "Reviews: {Charles Babbage}: {Pioneer} of the
                 {Computer}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "522--525",
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2322530",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  MRnumber =     "1540702",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Smillie:1985:RFM,
  author =       "K. W. Smillie and F. L. Bauer and Ralph Erskine and
                 Henry S. Tropp",
  title =        "Reviews: {O. I. Franksen, Mr. Babbage's Secret}; {F.
                 H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World
                 War}; {T. M. Thompson, From Error-Correcting Codes
                 Through Sphere Packings to Simple Groups}; Capsule
                 Reviews",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "185--191",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:22 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1985/pdf/a2185.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1985/a2185abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "The Thompson book review describes Hamming's July 1947
                 work in developing error-correcting codes, and
                 Shannon's later use of them in work on information
                 theory.",
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Vamos:1985:BRB,
  author =       "T. Vamos",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Babbage's secret. The
                 tale of a cypher --- and APL}}: Ole Immanuel
                 Franksen}",
  journal =      "Automatica",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "616",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(85)90013-5",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005109885900135",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Williams:1985:HCT,
  author =       "Michael R. (Michael Roy) Williams",
  title =        "A history of computing technology",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 432",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-13-389917-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-389917-7",
  LCCN =         "QA71 .W661 1985",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 4 07:46:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  series =       "Prentice-Hall series in computational mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "calculating-machines --- history; computers ---
                 history; mathematical instruments --- history",
  tableofcontents = "In the Beginning \\
                 Early Aids to Calculation \\
                 Mechanical Calculating Machines \\
                 The Babbage Machines \\
                 The Analog Animals \\
                 The Mechanical Monsters \\
                 The Electronic Revolution \\
                 The First Stored Program Electronic Computers \\
                 Later Developments",
}

@Book{Aspray:1986:GOH,
  editor =       "William Aspray and Bruce Bruemmer",
  title =        "Guide to the {Oral History Collection of the Charles
                 Babbage Institute}",
  publisher =    "Charles Babbage Institute, the Center for the History
                 of Information Processing, University of Minnesota",
  address =      "Minneapolis, MN, USA",
  pages =        "110",
  year =         "1986",
  LCCN =         "ZD16.14 .C53 1986; Z5640 .C46 1986",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  note =         "with the assistance of Hassan Melehy and Thomas
                 Traub.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computers; History; Bibliography",
}

@Article{Brooke:1986:BRB,
  author =       "N. Michael Brooke",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Babbage's secret: the
                 tale of a Cypher --- and APL}}: O. I. Franksen.
                 Strandbergs Forlag, Denmark (1984). 320 pp. Dkr.
                 320.00. ISBN: 87-872-0086-4}",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-MAN,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--68",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IPMADK",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(86)90018-X",
  ISSN =         "0306-4573 (print), 1873-5371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0306-4573",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030645738690018X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Information Processing and Management",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03064573",
}

@Unpublished{Dijkstra:1986:TCB,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "A theorem of {Charles Babbage}'s extended",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Circulated privately.",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd09xx/EWD990.PDF",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  filesize =     "118 KB",
  oldlabel =     "EWD:EWD990",
}

@Article{Franksen:1986:SHM,
  author =       "O. I. Franksen",
  title =        "The secret hobby of {Mr. Babbage}",
  journal =      "Systems Anal. Modelling Simulation",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "183--194",
  year =         "1986",
  ISSN =         "0232-9298",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (94-03)",
  MRnumber =     "846173 (87h:01035)",
  MRreviewer =   "Garry J. Tee",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Systems Analysis Modelling Simulation. Journal of
                 Mathematical Modelling and Simulation in Systems
                 Analysis",
}

@Article{Maddox:1986:BRB,
  author =       "Brenda Maddox",
  title =        "Book Review: {Byronic}, Despite Everything:
                 {{\booktitle{The Calculating Passion of Ada Byron}}, by
                 Joan Baum. Illustrated. 133 pp. Hamden, Conn. Archon
                 Books\slash The Shoe String Press. \$21.50}",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "519--519",
  day =          "5",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:40:39 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/110969134",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Augusta Ada King, Countess of
                 Lovelace; Charles Babbage; Difference Engine",
}

@Book{Martin:1986:RIE,
  author =       "Ernst Martin",
  title =        "{Die Rechenmaschinen und ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte:
                 Rechenmaschinen mit automatischer
                 Zehner{\"u}bertragung}. ({German}) [{The} Calculating
                 Machines and the history of their development. {Part
                 1}. {Calculating} machines with automatic tens carry]",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "K{\"o}ntopp",
  address =      "Leopoldsh{\"o}he, West Germany",
  year =         "1986",
  ISBN =         "3-9801485-2-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-9801485-2-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 11:34:35 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Martin:1925:RIE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Charles Babbage; Difference
                 Engine",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Two library catalogs list the author as both Ernst
                 Martin and Ernst Meyer. See remarks in
                 \cite{Martin:1925:RIE}.",
}

@Article{Tee:1986:CBH,
  author =       "Garry J. Tee",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} (1791--1871) and his {New Zealand}
                 connections",
  journal =      "New Zealand Math. Mag.",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "112--123",
  year =         "1986",
  ISSN =         "0549-0510",
  MRclass =      "01A70",
  MRnumber =     "836256 (87h:01084)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The New Zealand Mathematics Magazine",
}

@Article{W:1986:BRB,
  author =       "J. W. W.",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage, Pioneer of
                 the Computer}}, by Anthony Hyman}",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "174",
  pages =        "759",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-5718",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2008013",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
}

@Article{Williams:1986:BRBa,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Babbage's Secret: The
                 Tale of a Cypher --- and APL}} by Ole Immanuel
                 Franksen}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "156--156",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:23:13 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i211177;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/232545",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Article{Bromley:1987:EBC,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "The Evolution of {Babbage}'s Calculating Engines",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "113--136",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1987.10013",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1222274 (94a:01017)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:24 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1987/pdf/a2113.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1987/a2113abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Buchholz:1987:CQDa,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz and C. J. D. Roberts and Fred
                 Gruenberger and Bruce H. Bruemmer and Jakob Nielson and
                 Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage}'s {Difference
                 Engine No. 1} and the Production of Sine Tables; Query
                 on Hexadecimal Notation; {Burroughs B 5000} Oral
                 History; {DASK}, the first {Danish} Computer;
                 {Smithsonian} Exhibition on Computers and Flight",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "210--213",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:24 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "See response on hexadecimal query
                 \cite{Buchholz:1987:CQDb}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1987/pdf/a2210.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1987/a2210abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "DASK (Danish Arithmetic Sequential Calculator)",
}

@Article{Buchholz:1987:CQDb,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz and Ralph Erskine and Herb Grosch and
                 William Aspray and J. A. N. Lee and Paul M. McConnell",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Marian Rejewski} and
                 the Chronology of {Enigma}; Early {IBM} Computer
                 Conferences; The Computing Scene 1945--1955: Another
                 Perspective; Response; The {ENIAC} Collections;
                 Response to Query on Hexadecimal Notation",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3/4",
  pages =        "369--373",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:24 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "See original query on hexadecimal notation
                 \cite{Buchholz:1987:CQDa}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1987/pdf/a3369.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1987/a3369abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Book{Cortada:1987:HDD,
  author =       "James W. Cortada",
  title =        "Historical Dictionary of Data Processing:
                 Biographies",
  publisher =    pub-GREENWOOD,
  address =      pub-GREENWOOD:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 321",
  year =         "1987",
  ISBN =         "0-313-25651-9 (lib. bdg.)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-313-25651-6 (lib. bdg.)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.15 .C66 1987",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 07:59:47 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/shannon-claude-elwood.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Adam Osborne (1939--); Alan J. Perlis (1922--1990);
                 Alan Mathison Turing (1912--1954); Alfred Blake Dick
                 (1856--1934); Alfred Blake Dick, Jr. (1894--1954);
                 Alfred Tarski ( 1901--I983); Allan Marquand
                 (1853--1924); Allen Newell (1927--1992); Alston Scott
                 Householder (1904--); An Wang (1920--1990); Andrei
                 Petrovich Ershov (1931--1988); Andrew Donald Booth
                 (1918--); Annibale Pastore (1868--1936); Antonin
                 Svoboda (1907--1980); Arie Van Wijngaarden
                 (1933--1987); Arthur Walter Burks (1915--); Baron
                 Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier (1768--1830); Bernard
                 Aaron Galler (1928--); Blaise Pascal (1623--1666);
                 Boris Artybasheff (1899--1965); Borje Langefors
                 (1915--); Brian Randell (1936--); Carl George Lange
                 Barth (1860--1939); Charles Babbage (1791--1871);
                 Charles Katz (1927--); Charles Ranlett Flint
                 (1850--1934); Chester Gordon Bell (1934--); Christopher
                 Strachey (1916--1975); Clair D. Lake (1888--1958);
                 Clark Hull (1884--1952); Claude Elwood Shannon
                 (1916--); Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada
                 (1816--1852); Cuthbert C. Hurd (1911--); Dave Packard
                 (1912--); David John Wheeler (1927--); Dean Everett
                 Wooldridge (1913--); Derrick Henry Lehmer (1905--1991);
                 Donald Alexander Flanders (1900--1958); Donald Ervin
                 Knuth (1938--); Dorr Eugene Felt (1862--1930); Douglas
                 Rayner Hartree (1897--1958); Dov Chevion (1917--1983);
                 Edward Andrew Deeds (1874--1960); Emerson W. Pugh
                 (1929--); Emst Georg Fischer (1852--1935); Ernest Galen
                 Andrews (1898--1980); Fernando Jose Corbato (1926--);
                 Frank August Engel, Jr. (1917--); Frank Taylor Cary
                 (1920--); Frederic Calland Williams (1911--1977);
                 Frederick Phillips Brooks, Ir. (1931--); Gary A.
                 Kildall (1942--); Gaspard Schott (1608--1666); Gene
                 Myron Amdahl (1922--); George Barnard Grant
                 (1849--1917); George Bernard Dantzig (1914--); George
                 Boole (1815--1864); George Robert Stibitz (1914--1995);
                 George Winthrop Fairchild (1854--1924); Gordon E. Moore
                 (1929--); Gordon S. Brown (1907--); Gottfried Wilhelm
                 von Leibniz (1646--1716); Grace Brewster Murray Hopper
                 (1906--1992); Harold Locke Hazen (1901--1980); Harry
                 Douglas Huskey (1916--); Heinz Zemanek (1920--); Henry
                 Adams (1838--1918); Henry Briggs (1561--1630); Herbert
                 Alexander Simon (1916--); Herman Heine Goldstine
                 (1913--); Herman Hollerith (1860--1929); Herman Lukoff
                 (1923--1979); Howard Hathaway Aiken (1900--1973); Isaac
                 Levin Auerbach (1921--1992); J. Cliff Shaw
                 (1922--1991); Jack St. Clair Kilby (1923--); James
                 Franklin Forster (1908--1972); James Henry Rand
                 (1886--1968); James Wares Bryce (1880--1949); Jay
                 Wright Forrester (1918--); Jean E. Sammet (1928--);
                 John Aleksander Rajchman (1911--1989); John Backus
                 (1924--); John Diebold (1926--); John Grist Brainerd
                 (1904--1988); John Hamilton Curtiss (1909--1977); John
                 Henry Patterson (1844--1922); John K. Gore
                 (1845--1910); John McCarthy (1927--); John Napier
                 (1550--1617); John Presper Eckert, Jr. (1919--); John
                 R. Opel (1925--); John R. Pasta (1918--1981); John Shaw
                 Billings (1839--1913); John Vincent Atanasoff (1903--
                 ); John von Neumann (1903--1957); John Weber Carr
                 (1923--); John William Mauchly (1907--1980); Joseph
                 Boyer (1848--1905); Joseph Weizenbaum (1923--);
                 Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752--1834); Jule Gregory
                 Charney (1917--1981); Julian Bigelow (1913--); Julien
                 Green (1924--); Kenneth Harry Olsen (1926--); Konrad
                 Zuse (1910--); Kristen Nygaard (1926--); Leon Bollee
                 (1870--1913); Leonardo Torres y Quevedo (1852--1936);
                 Leslie John Comrie (1893--1950); Leslie Richard Groves
                 (1896--1970); Louis ``Moll'' Nicot Ridenour, Jr.
                 (1911--1959); Lyman Frank Baum (1856--1919); Martin
                 Wiberg (1826--1905); Marvin Lee Minsky (1927--);
                 Maurice d'Ocagne (1862--1938); Maurice Vincent Wilkes
                 (1913--); Mina Spiegel Rees (1902--); Nicholas C.
                 Metropolis (1915--); Niels Ivar Bech (1920--1975);
                 Norbert Wiener (1894--1964); Ole-Johan Dahl (1931--);
                 Overton Evans (1927--); Pehr Georg Scheutz
                 (1785--1873); Percy E. Ludgate (1883--1922); Peter Naur
                 (1928--); Philip Don Estridge (1938--1985); Pierre
                 Jacquet-Droz (1700s); Ralph E. Griswold (1934--); Ralph
                 Ernest Meagher (1917--); Ramon Lull (1235--1315);
                 Ram{\'o}n Verea (1838--1899); Rene Grillet (1600s);
                 Reynold B. Johnson (1906--); Richard Goodman
                 (1911--1966); Richard Utman (1926--); Robert (Bob);
                 Robert Mano Fano (1917--); Robert Norton Noyce
                 (1927--); Robert Rivers Everett (1921--); Robert
                 William Bemer (1920--); Samuel Morland (1625--1695);
                 Saul Rosen (1922--1991); Simon Ramo (1913--); Stanley
                 Gill (1926--1975); Stephen Gary Wozniak (1950--);
                 Steven Paul Jobs (1955--); Theodore Henry Brown
                 (1888--1973); Thomas John Watson (1874--1956); Thomas
                 John Watson, Jr. (1914--); Vannevar Bush (1890--1974);
                 Victor Mikhaylovich Glushkov (1923--1982); Vilhelm
                 Bjerknes (1862--1951); Wallace John Eckert
                 (1902--1971); Walter W. Jacobs (1914--1982); Wilhelm
                 Schickard (1592--1635); Willgodt Theophil Odhner
                 (1845--1905); William Bradford Shockley (1910--);
                 William Frederick Friedman (1891--1969); William H.
                 Gates (1955--); William Louis Van Den Poel (1926--);
                 William Michael Blumenthal (1926--); William Seward
                 Burroughs (1855--1898); William Stanley Jevons
                 (1835--1882); Willis Howard Ware (1920--); Wolfgang von
                 Kempelen (1734--1804)",
  subject =      "Electronic data processing; Dictionaries; Biography",
}

@Book{Hyman:1987:CBP,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage: 1791--1871; Philosoph, Mathematiker,
                 Computerpionier}. ({German}) [{Charles Babbage}:
                 1791--1871]: Philosopher, Mathematician, Computer
                 Pioneer",
  publisher =    "Klett-Cotta",
  address =      "Stuttgart, West Germany",
  pages =        "457",
  year =         "1987",
  ISBN =         "3-608-93095-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-608-93095-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 10:28:06 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Lindgren:1987:GFD,
  author =       "Michael Lindgren",
  title =        "Glory and failure: the difference engines of {Johann
                 M{\"u}ller}, {Charles Babbage} and {Georg and Edvard
                 Scheutz}",
  volume =       "9; 2017",
  publisher =    "Department of Technology and Social Change,
                 Link{\"o}ping University",
  address =      "Link{\"o}ping, Sweden",
  pages =        "415",
  year =         "1987",
  ISBN =         "91-7870-146-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-91-7870-146-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.A2 L51 1987",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:15 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  note =         "Originally presented as the author's doctoral thesis,
                 Link{\"o}ping University, 1987. Translation from
                 Swedish by Craig G. McKay",
  series =       "Link{\"o}ping studies in arts and science; Stockholm
                 papers in history and philosophy of technology",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "M{\"u}ller, Johann Helfrich, 1746--1830; Babbage,
                 Charles, 1791--1871; Scheutz, Georg, 1785--1873;
                 Scheutz, Edward, 1821--1881; calculators --- history",
  subject =      "Calculators; History; M{\"u}ller, Johann Helfrich;
                 Babbage, Charles; Scheutz, Georg; Scheutz, Edward",
  subject-dates = "1746--1830; 1791--1871; 1785--1873; 1821--1881",
}

@Article{Roberts:1987:CQD,
  author =       "C. J. D. (Jim) Roberts",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage}'s {Difference
                 Engine No. 1} and the Production of Sine Tables",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "210--212",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:35:25 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1987/pdf/a2210.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1987/a2210abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  xxtitle =      "On the feedback principle used in {Charles Babbage}'s
                 {First Difference Engine}",
}

@Article{Roberts:1987:FPU,
  author =       "C. J. D. (Jim) Roberts",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage}'s {Difference
                 Engine No. 1} and the Production of Sine Tables",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "210--212",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:35:25 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1987/pdf/a2210.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1987/a2210abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  xxtitle =      "On the feedback principle used in {Charles Babbage}'s
                 {First Difference Engine}",
}

@Article{Slater:1987:WIC,
  author =       "Robert Slater",
  title =        "Who Invented The Computer?",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--49",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "CPHYE2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4903432",
  ISSN =         "0894-1866 (print), 1558-4208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0894-1866",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 08:45:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computphys.bib",
  URL =          "https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4903432",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. Phys",
  fjournal =     "Computers in Physics",
  journal-URL =  "https://aip.scitation.org/journal/cip",
  keywords =     "ABC computer; Charles Babbage; Clifford Berry; ENIAC
                 computer; Howard Aiken; J. Presper Eckert; John
                 Atanasoff; John Mauchly; John von Neumann",
}

@Article{Tropp:1987:ABE,
  author =       "Henry S. Tropp and Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Anecdotes: {Babbage's Expectations for the Difference
                 Engine}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "203--204",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:24 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Math/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1987/pdf/a2203.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1987/a2203abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  xxnote =       "acc-stab-num-alg.bib may have incorrect page
                 numbers.",
}

@Article{Williams:1987:BBT,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "{Babbage} and {Bowditch}: a Transatlantic Connection",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3/4",
  pages =        "283--290",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:24 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1987/pdf/a3283.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1987/a3283abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Wortmann:1987:BRB,
  author =       "J. C. Wortmann",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Babbage's secret: The
                 tale of a Cypher --- and APL}}: Strandberg,
                 Birker{\o}d, (Denmark) 1984, 319 pages}",
  journal =      j-EUR-J-OPER-RES,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "216",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "EJORDT",
  ISSN =         "0377-2217 (print), 1872-6860 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0377-2217",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0221787901184",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "European Journal of Operational Research",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03772217",
}

@Article{B:1988:GM,
  author =       "T. M. B.",
  title =        "Ghost in the Machine",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "259",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "31--31",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1288-31a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 22 15:04:20 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v259/n6/pdf/scientificamerican1288-31a.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Difference Engine",
}

@Article{Buchholz:1988:CQDc,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz and Maurice V. Wilkes and Alfred W.
                 {Van Sinderen} and C. J. {Fern, Jr.} and W. L. van der
                 Poel",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage} and the
                 {Colossus}; {Babbage} and {Bowditch}; {Two Early
                 European Computers}; {Early Dutch Computer}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "218--221",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:13 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1988/pdf/a3218.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1988/a3218abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Bulow:1988:GFD,
  author =       "Ralf B{\"u}low",
  title =        "{{\booktitle{Glory and Failure: The Difference Engines
                 of Johann Muller, Charles Babbage and Georg and Edvard
                 Scheutz}} by Michael Lindgren} (review)",
  journal =      j-TECH-CULTURE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "956--958",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "TECUA3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1988.0080",
  ISSN =         "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0040-165X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 30 08:24:05 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/techculture1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3105078;
                 https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/889191/pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Tech. Culture",
  fjournal =     "Technology and Culture",
  journal-URL =  "https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/194",
}

@Book{Buxton:1988:MLL,
  editor =       "H. W. (Harry Wilmot) Buxton and Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "Memoir of the life and labours of the late {Charles
                 Babbage Esq., F.R.S.}",
  volume =       "13",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 401",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-585-36067-7 (e-book), 0-262-02269-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-585-36067-6 (e-book), 978-0-262-02269-9",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 B89 1988",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55 68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1100009 (92b:01050)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook3.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/typeset.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE; pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  note =         "Edited and with an introduction by Anthony Hyman; From
                 {\em Computing Reviews\/}: ``Charles Babbage was a
                 nineteenth-century polymath who initially studied
                 mathematics at Cambridge and subsequently pursued
                 interests in fields as diverse as philosophy, political
                 economy, and mechanical computing. While attempting to
                 realize a machine for calculating and printing
                 error-free mathematical tables, he visited factories to
                 learn metalworking techniques, invented a system of
                 mechanical notation to represent the states of the
                 machine, and devised a method for correct typesetting.
                 As the editor of this series notes, the scope of
                 Babbage's work makes him a difficult subject to
                 understand in our modern age of specialized
                 scholarship.''",
  series =       "Charles Babbage Institute reprint series for the
                 history of computing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Babbage, Charles, 1791--1871; computers --- history;
                 mathematicians --- Great Britain --- biography",
  remark =       "List of Mr. Babbage's contributions to science: pp.
                 375--379. For more on this unpublished work, and a
                 claim of its unreliability, see \cite{Fisch:2013:BTL}.
                 Babbage did not publish this in his lifetime, but
                 instructed that it be preserved in the Cambridge
                 University Library for public access after his death.
                 Buxton wrote this between 1872 and 1880 (see
                 \cite{Swade:2004:STA}).",
  review =       "ACM CR 8903-0095",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Computers; History; Mathematicians;
                 Great Britain; Biography",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  xxaddress =    "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  xxpages =      "xxii + 401",
  xxpublisher =  "Tomash",
}

@Article{C:1988:DE,
  author =       "E. C.",
  title =        "A Different Engine?",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "259",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "111--111",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1288-111",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 22 15:04:20 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v259/n6/pdf/scientificamerican1288-111.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Difference Engine",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1988:CBT,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s Table of Logarithms (1827)",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "159--169",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (11-03 65-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1221845 (94a:01018)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1988/pdf/a3159.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1988/a3159abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Cohen:1988:BAN,
  author =       "I. Bernard Cohen",
  title =        "{Babbage} and {Aiken}: with notes on {Henry Babbage}'s
                 gift to {Harvard}, and to other institutions, of a
                 portion of his father's {Difference Engine}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "171--193",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1221846",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1988/pdf/a3171.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1988/a3171abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Enros:1988:BRB,
  author =       "Philip C. Enros",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Memoir of the Life and
                 Labours of the Late Charles Babbage Esq. F.R.S.}}, by
                 H. W. Buxton, Anthony Hyman}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "544--544",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:23:41 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i211189;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/234735",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Book{Herken:1988:UTM,
  author =       "Rolf Herken",
  title =        "The {Universal Turing} machine: a half-century
                 survey",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 661",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-19-853741-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-853741-0",
  LCCN =         "QA267.U55 1988; QA267 .U941 1988",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 4 07:46:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "machine theory; Turing machines",
  tableofcontents = "Alan Turing and the Turing Machine / 3 \\
                 Turing's Analysis of Computability and Major
                 Applications of It / 15 \\
                 The Confluence of Ideas in 1936 / 51 \\
                 Turing in the Land of Oz / 103 \\
                 Mathematical Logic and the Origin of Modern Computers /
                 135 \\
                 Part II / 159 \\
                 From Universal Turing Machines to Self Reproduction /
                 161 \\
                 Logic and Computation / 173 \\
                 Logical Depth and Physical Complexity / 207 \\
                 The Busy Beaver Game and the Meaning of Life / 237 \\
                 An Algebraic Equation for the Halting Probability / 255
                 \\
                 The Price of Programmability Michael Conrad / 261 \\
                 Gandy's Principles for Mechanisms as a Model of
                 Parallel Computation / 283 \\
                 Influences of Mathematical Logic on Computer Science /
                 289 \\
                 Language and Computations / 301 \\
                 Finite Physics / 323 \\
                 Randomness Interactive Proofs and Zero Knowledge: A
                 Survey / 349 \\
                 Algorithms in the World of Bounded Resources / 377 \\
                 Beyond the Turing Machine / 387 \\
                 Structure / 403 \\
                 Mental Images and the Architecture of Concepts / 421
                 \\
                 The Fifth Generation's Unbridged Gap / 433 \\
                 On the Physics and Mathematics of Thought / 455 \\
                 Effective Processes and Natural Law / 485 \\
                 Von Neumann's Unfinished Project / 499 \\
                 Complexity Theory and Interaction / 519 \\
                 Mechanisms for Computing Over Arbitrary Structures /
                 537 \\
                 Two Prophetical Messages / 557 \\
                 Form and Content in Thinking Turing Machines / 583 \\
                 Appendix: List of Journal Abbreviations / 609",
}

@Book{Hyman:1988:SRS,
  editor =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "Science and reform: selected works of {Charles
                 Babbage}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 356 + 18",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-521-34311-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-34311-4",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B2 1988",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:41:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam023/88010294.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  keywords =     "Babbage, Charles, 1791--1871",
  remark =       "Chosen with introduction and discussion by Anthony
                 Hyman.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematics; Science",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Maulucci:1988:HCC,
  author =       "Ruth A. Maulucci and Arthur L. Norberg",
  title =        "Happenings: {Computing in the 21st Century: A Charles
                 Babbage Institute Symposium}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "127--132",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:12 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1988/pdf/a2127.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1988/a2127abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@InProceedings{Rosenberg:1988:CBC,
  author =       "Nathan Rosenberg",
  booktitle =    "Complexity and the history of economic thought:
                 perspectives on the history of economic thought:
                 selected papers from the History of Economics Society
                 Conference, 1998",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} in a complex world",
  publisher =    pub-ROUTLEDGE,
  address =      pub-ROUTLEDGE:adr,
  pages =        "47--57",
  year =         "1988",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1988:AAT,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko and Peter Hilton and Richard Louis
                 Weis and Alfred {Van Sinderen}",
  title =        "Anecdotes: {Alan Turing in the Home Guard};
                 {Overcoming Murphy's Law}; {Babbage and the Scheutz
                 Machine at Dudley Observatory}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "133--139",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:12 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1988/pdf/a2133b.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1988/a2133babs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Weiss:1988:BOP,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies: Oh, Pioneers!",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "348--361",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:13 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/a/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/shannon-claude-elwood.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/tukey-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Parallel/super.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Theory/cryptography.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/super.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1988/pdf/a4348.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1988/a4348abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "This paper contains a brief summary of the
                 contributions of 261 individuals to the development of
                 computing.",
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "A. Porter; Aard van Wijngaarden; Adin D. Falkoff; Alan
                 J. Perlis; Alan Kay; Alan M. Turing; Allen Newell;
                 Allen W. M. Coombes; Alonzo Church; Alston Scott
                 Householder; Amedee Mannheim; Andrei P. Ershov; Andrew
                 Donald Booth; Andrew Fluegelman; Arnold A. Cohen;
                 Arthur C. Clarke; Arthur Lee Samuel; Arthur Walter
                 Burks; Arturo Rosenblueth; Augusta Ada King (nee
                 Gordon); B. M. Derfee; Blaise Pascal; Bob O. Evans;
                 Brian Havens; Brian Josephson; Brian Randell; Bruce G.
                 Oldfield; C. Gordon Bell; C. J. Date; C. Sheldon
                 Roberts; Carl Adam Petri; Carver Mead; Charles A.
                 Phillips; Charles Antony Richard Hoare; Charles
                 Babbage; Charles Bachman; Charles Xavier Thomas (Thomas
                 de Colmar); Christopher S. Strachey; Clair D. Lake;
                 Claude Elwood Shannon; Clifford E. Berry; Cuthbert C.
                 Hurd; D. W. Davies; Dana Scott; Daniel Delbert
                 McCracken; David J. Wheeler; David Packard; David
                 Sarnoff; Dennis M. Ritchie; Derrick Henry Lehmer;
                 Dionysius Lardner; Donald Ervin Knuth; Donald Lewis
                 Shell; Donald Michie; Donn B. Parker; Dorr E. Felt;
                 Douglas R. Hartree; E. H. Lennaerts; E. T. Irons; Earl
                 R. Larson; Edgar F. Codd; Edmund C. Berkeley; Edsger W.
                 Dijkstra; Edward E. Feigenbaum; Edward Joseph
                 McCluskey; Edward L. (Ted) Glaser; Emil L. Post; Ernest
                 R. Moore; Erwin Tomash; Eugene Kleiner; Fairchild Eight
                 (Julius Blank, Victor H. Grinich, Jean A. Hoerni,
                 Eugene Kleiner, Jay T. Last, Gordon E. Moore, Robert N.
                 Noyce, and C. Sheldon Roberts); Fernando J.
                 Corbat{\'o}; Fletcher Jones; Frances Elizabeth (Betty)
                 Snyder Holberton; Francis Joseph Murray; Frank E.
                 Hamilton; Frank Gray; Frank Rosenblatt; Frederic
                 Calland Williams; Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.; Friedrich
                 L. Bauer; G. B. Grant; G. Truman Hunter; Gene M.
                 Amdahl; Georg and Edvard Scheub; George Bernard
                 Dantzig; George Boole; George Elmer Forsythe; George H.
                 Philbrick; George Robert Stibitz; Gerald M. Weinberg;
                 Gerard Salton; Gordon E. Moore; Gottfried Wilhelm
                 Leibniz; Grace Murray Hopper; Harlan D. Mills; Harlan
                 L. Herrick; Harold Chestnut; Harry Douglas Huskey;
                 Harry H. Goode; Heinz Rutishauser; Helmut Schreyer;
                 Henry Briggs; Henry P. Babbage; Herbert A. Simon;
                 Herbert Leo Gelernter; Herbert R. J. Grosch; Herbert S.
                 Bright; Herman Heine Goldstine; Herman Hollerith;
                 Herman Lukoff; Howard Bromberg; Howard Hathaway Aiken;
                 I. J. Good; Irven Travis; Isaac L. Auerbach; Ivan
                 Edward Sutherland; J. Daniel Cougar; J. Presper Eckert,
                 Jr.; Jack St. Clair Kilby; Jack Tramiel; Jackson
                 Granholm [``kludge'']; James Hardy Wilkinson; James M.
                 Henry; James William Cooley; Jan Aleksander Rajchman;
                 Jay T. Last; Jay W. Forrester; Jean A. Hoerni; Jean E.
                 Sammet; Jeffrey Chuan Chu; Jerrier A. Haddad; Jim
                 Pommerene; John Bardeen; John Burns; John C. McPherson;
                 John Clifford Shaw; John Diebold; John George Kemeny;
                 John Grist Brainerd; John H. Curtiss; John McCarthy;
                 John Napier; John Powers; John R. Pierce; John Todd;
                 John Vincent Atanasoff; John von Neumann; John Warner
                 Backus; John Weber Carr, III; John Wilder Tukey; John
                 William Mauchly; Johnathan Swift; Jonathan Swift;
                 Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider; Joseph Chedaker; Joseph
                 Clement; Joseph Frederick Traub; Joseph Marie Jacquard;
                 Joseph Weizenbaum; Jules I. Schwartz; Julian Bigelow;
                 Julius Blank; Karl Karlstrom; Ken Thompson; Kenneth
                 Eugene Iverson; Kenneth H. Olsen; Konrad Zuse; L. F.
                 Meabrea; Lejaren A. Hiller; Leonardo of Pisa a.k.a.
                 Fibonacci; Leonardo Torres y Quevedo; Leslie John
                 Comrie; Lord Kelvin (William Thomson); Louis
                 Couffignal; Lynn Conway; L{\'e}on Boll{\'e}e; Marian
                 Rejewski; Marvin L. Minsky; Maurice Howard Halstead;
                 Maurice V. Wilkes; Max Palevsky; Maxwell H. A. Newman;
                 Michael O. Rabin; Michael Woodger; Mina Rees; Mitchell
                 D. Kapor; Mohammed ibn Musa Al-Khowarizmi; Morton
                 Michael Astrahan; Nathaniel Rochester; Nicholas
                 Constantine Metropolis; Niklaus Wirth; Noam Chomsky;
                 Nolan Bushnell; Norbert Wiener; Oliver G. Selfridge;
                 Orrin Edison Taulbee; Paul Allen; Percy Ludgate; Perry
                 O. Crawford; Peter Naur; Ralph E. Gomory; Richard
                 Clippinger; Richard Courant; Richard Ernest Bellman;
                 Richard J. Canning; Richard M. Bloch; Richard P.
                 Feynman; Richard Snyder; Richard V. D. Campbell;
                 Richard Wesley Hamming; Robert H. Dennard; Robert N.
                 Noyce; Robert R. Everett; Robert S. Barton; Robert
                 Sarnoff; Robert W. Bemer; Robert W. Floyd; Roy Nutt; S.
                 B. Williams; Samuel H. Caldwell; Samuel Morland; Samuel
                 N. Alexander; Saul Rosen; Seymour Papert; Seymour R.
                 Cray; Sidney Fernbach; Stanley Gill; Stephen A. Cook;
                 Stephen Frank Baldwin; Stephen Wozniak; Steven Jobs; T.
                 Vincent Learson; Thomas Eugene Kurtz; Thomas H.
                 Flowers; Thomas J. Watson, Jr.; Thomas J. Watson, Sr.;
                 Thomas Kite Sharpless; Tom Kilburn; Vannevar E Bush;
                 Victor H. Grinich; Vladimar Zworykin; W. J. Deerhake;
                 W. Renwick; W. T. Odhner; Wallace J, Eckert; Walter
                 Pitts; Warren Sturgis McCulloch; Warren Weaver; Wassily
                 Leontieff; Watson Davis; Werner Buchholz; Wilhelm
                 Schikard; William C. Norris; William F. McClelland;
                 William Gates; William Hewlett; William Leybourn;
                 William Orchard-Hays; William Oughtred; William P.
                 Heising; William Seward Burroughs",
  remark =       "Norbert Wiener appears incorrectly as Norbert Weiner
                 in this article.",
}

@Article{Williams:1988:BBT,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "{Babbage} and {Bowditch}: a transatlantic connection",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3-4",
  pages =        "283--290",
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1221841 (93m:01040)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Williams:1988:MAI,
  author =       "M. R. Williams and Oliver B. R. Strimpel and Paul
                 Ceruzzi and William Jacobs and Doron Swade and Joachim
                 Fisher and W. Aspray and Joyce E. Bedi and Nancy R.
                 McGovern and Geoffrey Tweedale and Walter Carlson and
                 Pierre E. Mounier-Kuhn",
  title =        "Museums and Archives: Introduction; {The Computer
                 Museum, Boston}; {Beyond the Limits: A New Gallery at
                 the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian
                 Institution, Washington, DC}; {The Information Age:
                 Visions and Realities}; {Deutsches Museum, Munich
                 Computer Science and Automation Hall}; {Charles Babbage
                 Institute: Center for the History of Information
                 Processing}; {The IEEE Center for the History of
                 Electrical Engineering}; {Records in the National
                 Archives Relating to the Early Involvement of the U.S.
                 Government in Data Processing, 7880s to 7950s};
                 {British National Archive for the History of
                 Computing}; {AFIPS History of Computing Committee};
                 {History of Computing in France}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "305--329",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:13 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1988/pdf/a4305.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1988/a4305abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Aspray:1989:RDI,
  author =       "William Aspray and Kenneth Flamm and Ralf B{\"u}low
                 and Charles Hall and Doron Swade",
  title =        "Reviews: {Dorfman: Innovation and Market Structure:
                 Lessons from the Computer and Semiconductor
                 Industries}; {Herken: The Universal Machine: A
                 Half-Century Survey}; {Lindgren: Glory and Failure: The
                 Difference Engines of Johann Muller, Charles Babbage
                 and Georg and Edvard Scheutz}; {Stein: Ada: Life and
                 Legacy}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--60",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:13 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1989/pdf/a1054.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1989/a1054abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@InCollection{Baily:1989:MBN,
  author =       "Francis Baily",
  title =        "On {Mr. Babbage}'s new machines for calculating and
                 printing mathematical and astronomical tables (1823)",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-2",
  pages =        "44--56",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 17:17:59 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Buchholz:1989:CQDb,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz and Anthony Hyman and Ralf B{\"u}low
                 and Bernard A. Galler and Jack Minker",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage Studies}; {An
                 Ecological Computing Machine}; {The University of
                 Michigan's B-5000 Decision}; {ACM 20th Anniversary
                 Meeting}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "225--229",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:14 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1989/pdf/a3225.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1989/a3225abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1989:BRA,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Book Review: {Anthony Hyman, Editor,
                 \booktitle{Science and Reform. Selected Works of
                 Charles Babbage} (1989) Cambridge University Press, 356
                 pp.}",
  journal =      j-ENDEAVOUR,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "190",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "ENDEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-9327(89)80032-8",
  ISSN =         "0141-3058, 0013-7162, 0160-9327",
  ISSN-L =       "0160-9327",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160932789800328",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Endeavour",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01609327",
}

@InCollection{Campbell-Kelly:1989:CBT,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s table of logarithms (1823)",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-10",
  pages =        "159--169",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 17:21:39 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:E,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The {Exposition of 1851}",
  volume =       "10",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "5 + xi + 173",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 10; T690.B1",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:EMM,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The Economy of Machinery and Manufactures",
  volume =       "8",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "Washington Square, New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "8 + xxviii + 280",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 8; TJ153",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Machinery; Manufactures; Taxation; Income tax",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "11 v.",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-005-8, 1-85196-501-7 v.1, 1-85196-502-5 v.2,
                 1-85196-503-3 v.3, 1-85196-504-1 v.4, 1-85196-505-X
                 v.5, 1-85196-506-8 v.6, 1-85196-507-6 v.7,
                 1-85196-508-4 v.8, 1-85196-509-2 v.9, 1-85196-510-6
                 v.10, 1-85196-511-4 v.11",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-005-7, 978-1-85196-501-4 v.1,
                 978-1-85196-502-1 v.2, 978-1-85196-503-8 v.3,
                 978-1-85196-504-5 v.4, 978-1-85196-505-2 v.5,
                 978-1-85196-506-9 v.6, 978-1-85196-507-6 v.7,
                 978-1-85196-508-3 v.8, 978-1-85196-509-0 v.9,
                 978-1-85196-510-6 v.10, 978-1-85196-511-3 v.11",
  LCCN =         "QA37.2",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:41:46 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Mathematics",
  tableofcontents = "Vol. 1. Mathematical papers \\
                 Vol. 2. The difference engine and table making \\
                 Vol. 3. The analytical engine and mechanical notation
                 \\
                 Vol. 4. Scientific and miscellaneous papers 1 \\
                 Vol. 5. Scientific and miscellaneous papers 2 \\
                 Vol. 6. A comparative view of the various institutions
                 for the assurance of lives \\
                 Vol. 7. Reflections on the decline of science in
                 England and on some of its causes \\
                 Vol. 8. The economy of machinery and manufacturers \\
                 Vol. 9. The ninth Bridgewater treatise. A fragment \\
                 Vol. 10. The exposition of 1851 \\
                 Vol. 11. Passages from the life of a philosopher",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-1,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 1, \ Mathematical
                 papers",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "456",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-501-7, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-501-4, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (14-03 26-03 33-03 39-03 40-03)",
  MRnumber =     "998149 (90g:01062)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-11,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 11: Passages from
                 the life of a philosopher",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "425",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-511-4, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-511-3, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (39-03 62-03 68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "998159 (90g:01072)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-3,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 3, The analytical
                 engine and mechanical notation",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "253",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-503-3, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-503-8, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "998151 (90g:01064)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-4,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 4, \ Scientific
                 and miscellaneous papers, {I}",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "217",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-504-1, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-504-5, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75",
  MRnumber =     "998152 (90g:01065)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-5,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 5: Scientific and
                 miscellaneous papers, {II}",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "192",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-505-X, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-505-2, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "998153 (90g:01066)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-6a,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}. {Vol}. 6. {A}
                 comparative view of the various institutions for the
                 assurance of lives",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    "W. Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xx + 129",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-506-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-506-9",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 6HG9057",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (62-03)",
  MRnumber =     "998154 (90g:01067)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Insurance, Life; Life Tables; Great Britain",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-6b,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}. {Vol}. 6. {A}
                 comparative view of the various institutions for the
                 assurance of lives",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "6 + xx + 129",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 6HG9057",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (62-03)",
  MRnumber =     "998154 (90g:01067)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Insurance, Life; Life Tables; Great Britain",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-7a,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The Works of {Charles Babbage}. {Vol}. 7.
                 {Reflections} on the decline of science in {England}
                 and on some of its causes: with a new appendix of
                 correspondence by {Charles Babbage} and {Peter M.
                 Roget} from the {{\booktitle{Philosophical Magazine}}}:
                 Decline of science",
  volume =       "7",
  publisher =    "W. Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xvi + 133",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-507-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-507-6",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B32 1989 V.7",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:48 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "With a new appendix of correspondence by Charles
                 Babbage and Peter M. Roget from the Philosophical
                 Magazine.",
  series =       "The Works of Charles Babbage; The Pickering masters",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Spine title: Decline of Science.",
  subject =      "Science; history; England",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-7b,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The Works of {Charles Babbage}. {Vol}. 7.
                 {Reflections} on the decline of science in {England}
                 and on some of its causes: with a new appendix of
                 correspondence by {Charles Babbage} and {Peter M.
                 Roget} from the {{\booktitle{Philosophical Magazine}}}:
                 Decline of science",
  volume =       "7",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "5 + xvi + 133",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989 vol. 7Q127.G4",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "998155 (90g:01068)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Spine title: Decline of science.",
  subject =      "Science; Great Britain; History",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-8,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 8: The economy of
                 machinery and manufactures",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "280",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-508-4, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-508-3, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (62-03)",
  MRnumber =     "998156 (90g:01069)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-9,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles} {Babbage}. {Vol}. 9. {The Ninth
                 Bridgewater} treatise: a fragment",
  volume =       "9",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "7 + xx + 118",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B32 1989 V.9",
  MRclass =      "01A75",
  MRnumber =     "998157 (90g:01070)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  series =       "The Works of {Charles Babbage}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "Text is that of the 2nd ed., originally published in
                 1838.",
  subject =      "Natural theology",
  xxpages =      "8 + xxii + 118",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCBa,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989g",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  series =       "The Pickering Masters",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Mathematics",
  tableofcontents = "v. 1. Mathematical papers \\
                 v. 2. The difference engine and table making \\
                 v. 3. The analytical engine and mechanical notation \\
                 v. 4--5. Scientific and miscellaneous papers, I-II \\
                 v. 6. A comparative view of the various institutions
                 for the assurance of lives \\
                 v. 7. Reflections on the decline of science in England
                 and on some of its causes, with a new appendix of
                 correspondence by Charles Babbage and Peter M. Roget
                 from the Philosophical magazine \\
                 v. 8. The economy of machinery and manufactures \\
                 v. 9. The ninth Bridgewater treatise: a fragment. 2nd
                 ed. \\
                 v. 10. The exposition of 1851 \\
                 v. 11. Passage from the life of a philosopher \\
                 Index",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCBb,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-1113-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-1113-2 (set)",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .B18 1989; QA 3 .B18 1989",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science",
  tableofcontents = "v. 1. Mathematical papers \\
                 v. 2. The difference engine and table making \\
                 v. 3. The analytical engine and mechanical notation \\
                 v. 4--5. Scientific and miscellaneous papers \\
                 v. 6. A comparative view of the various institutions
                 for the assurance of lives \\
                 v. 7. Reflections on the decline of science in England
                 and on some of its causes \\
                 v. 8. The economy of machinery and manufactures \\
                 v. 9. The ninth Bridgewater treatise \\
                 v. 10. The exposition of 1851 \\
                 v. 11. Passages from the life of a Philosopher",
}

@InCollection{Herschel:1989:RBE,
  author =       "John F. W. Herschel",
  title =        "Report of the {Babbage} engine committee (1829)",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-2",
  pages =        "108--114",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 17:44:21 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Jerwood:1989:CPM,
  author =       "J. Jerwood",
  title =        "On the calculation of printing of mathematical tables
                 by machinery (1861)",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-1",
  pages =        "1--36",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 18:03:52 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Lardner:1989:BCE,
  author =       "Dionysius Lardner",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s calculating engine",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-2",
  pages =        "118--186",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 17:17:59 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Muller:1989:EDJ,
  author =       "J. H. M{\"u}ller and Ralf B{\"u}low",
  title =        "{Ein Entwurf f{\"u}r eine Differenzmaschine aus dem
                 Jahr 1784}. ({German}) [{A} design for a difference
                 engine from the year 1784]",
  journal =      j-SUDHOFFS-ARCH,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "219--222",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "SUARAH",
  ISSN =         "0039-4564",
  ISSN-L =       "0039-4564",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 2 18:25:03 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sudhoffs-arch.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20777242",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "{Sudhoffs Archiv: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r
                 Wissenschaftsgeschichte}",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sudharch",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Rudolf Mehmke; Johann Helfrich von
                 M{\"u}ller",
  language =     "German",
}

@InCollection{Swade:1989:UCM,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The Unerring Certainty of Mechanical Agency: Machines
                 and Table Making in the {Nineteenth Century}",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:2003:HMT",
  pages =        "143--174",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 09 07:58:05 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tweedale:1989:BRB,
  author =       "Geoffrey Tweedale",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Works of Charles
                 Babbage}}, by Martin Campbell-Kelly, Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "481--482",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4026950",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{Tweedale:1989:BRM,
  author =       "Geoffrey Tweedale",
  title =        "Book Review: {Martin Campbell-Kelly (ed.). The Works
                 of Charles Babbage. London: Pickering \& Chatto
                 (Publishers) Ltd, 1989. 11 vols. ISBN 1-85196-005-8.
                 \pounds 500}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "481--482",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400026686",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4026950",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@InCollection{Weld:1989:ECH,
  author =       "C. R. Weld",
  title =        "The eleventh chapter of the history of the {Royal
                 Society} (1849)",
  crossref =     "Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-10",
  pages =        "149--163",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 18:02:38 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprint of chapter 11 of an 1849 book.",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1990:BCC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The {Bicentennial Conference on Computing}: a
                 forthcoming event to commemorate the 200th anniversary
                 of the birth of {Charles Babbage London, 1--3 July
                 1991}",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "259--259",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(90)90004-W",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:18:24 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/031508609090004W",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
}

@InCollection{Bromley:1990:DAE,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "{Difference and Analytical Engines}",
  crossref =     "Aspray:1990:CBC",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:35:53 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Buchholz:1990:CQDa,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz and R. Anthony Hyman and Maurice V.
                 Wilkes and Richard E. Smith and George T. Jacobi and
                 Alice R. Burks and Arthur W. Burks and I. Bernard Cohen
                 and I. O. Grattan-Guinness and S. I. Gass and Mike
                 Woodger",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Whiggism in the
                 History of Science and the Study of the Life and Work
                 of Charles Babbage}; {Whirlwind and Microprogramming};
                 {More on Wilkes, Whirlwind, and Microprogramming};
                 {Pioneer Biographies}; {The Atanasoff Story --- A
                 Response}; {Notes on Babbage, Aiken, and Bowditch};
                 {Joseph Fourier's Anticipation of Linear Programming};
                 {What Does BNF Stand for?}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--72",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:14 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1990/pdf/a1062.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1990/a1062abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "BNF (Backus-Naur Form, NOT Backus Normal Form)",
}

@Article{Buchholz:1990:CQDb,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz and Donald Watts Davies and Mark
                 Halpern",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage}'s Friend;
                 Errors in the {FORTRAN} Issue",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "147--147",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:14 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1990/pdf/a2147a.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1990/a2147aabs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Caruzzi:1990:RHE,
  author =       "Paul Caruzzi and K. W. Smillie and Eric Weiss",
  title =        "Reviews: {Hyman, (ed.): Science and Reform. Selected
                 Works of Charles Babbage}; {Goldberg (ed.): A History
                 of Personal Workstations}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "291--293",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:15 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1990/pdf/a4291.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1990/a4291abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Book{Collier:1990:LEC,
  author =       "Bruce Collier",
  title =        "The little engines that could've: the calculating
                 machines of {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "Garland Publishing",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 319",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-8240-0043-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8240-0043-1",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .C635 1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:41:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Harvard dissertations in the history of science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Based on the author's Ph.D. thesis
                 \cite{Collier:1971:LEC}. From \cite[page
                 vii]{Swade:2001:DEC}: ``This study of Babbage and his
                 engines remains unsurpassed.''",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators; History;
                 Mathematicians; England; Biography; analytical engine",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Decker:1990:AEI,
  author =       "Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield",
  title =        "The {Analytical Engine}: an introduction to computer
                 science using {HyperCard}",
  publisher =    pub-WADSWORTH,
  address =      pub-WADSWORTH:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 410",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-534-12540-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-534-12540-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .D37 1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:57:50 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "System requirements for computer disks: Macintosh Plus
                 computer (will also run on Macintosh SE or Mac II)
                 requiring System 6.02 or later for SE30, Mac IIx, IIcx,
                 IIci, or portable; two 800K disk drives, or hard
                 disk.",
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; Macintosh (Computer);
                 Programming; HyperCard (Computer file)",
}

@Article{Grattan-Guinness:1990:WHP,
  author =       "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  title =        "Work for the Hairdressers: The Production of {de
                 Prony}'s Logarithmic and Trigonometric Tables",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "177--185",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:15 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 OCLC Contents1st database",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1990/pdf/a3177.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1990/a3177abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Johnson:1990:FHB,
  author =       "W. Johnson and S. Chandrasekar",
  title =        "Forming holes in brittle materials: An antique
                 technique and its report by {Charles Babbage},
                 1792--1871",
  journal =      "Journal of Materials Processing Technology",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--50",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(90)90028-S",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092401369090028S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{L:1990:BRB,
  author =       "K. L.",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Computing Before
                 Computers}}. William Aspray, ed. Iowa State University
                 Press, Ames, 1990. x, 266 pp., illus. \$27.95}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "248",
  number =       "4963",
  pages =        "1670--1670",
  day =          "29",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.248.4963.1670-a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 09:15:22 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/248/4963/1670.2.citation?",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Book{Lindgren:1990:GFD,
  author =       "Michael Lindgren",
  title =        "Glory and failure: the difference engines of {Johann
                 M{\"u}ller}, {Charles Babbage} and {Georg and Edvard
                 Scheutz}",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "414",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-585-35107-4 (e-book), 0-262-12146-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-585-35107-0 (e-book), 978-0-262-12146-0",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .L493 1990",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs1990.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Translation from German by Craig G. McKay.",
  series =       "The MIT Press series in the history of computing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "calculators --- history",
  subject =      "Calculators; History",
}

@Article{Matthews:1990:VNC,
  author =       "R. Matthews",
  title =        "{Victorian} number cruncher finally gets past the
                 drawing board",
  journal =      "Sunday Correspondent",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "5--5",
  day =          "16",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:46:34 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Difference Engine",
}

@Article{Rosmaita:1990:BRB,
  author =       "Brian J. Rosmaita",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Science and Reform: Selected
                 Works of Charles Babbage}} by Anthony Hyman, Charles
                 Babbage}",
  journal =      "Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with {British}
                 Studies",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "694--695",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4051416",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:1990:HPB,
  author =       "M. V. {Wilkes, F.R.S.}",
  title =        "{Herschel}, {Peacock}, {Babbage} and the development
                 of the {Cambridge} curriculum",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "205--219",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1990.0018",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A70 01A73)",
  MRnumber =     "1070676 (91j:01031)",
  MRreviewer =   "Hans Niels Jahnke",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 10:56:28 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "1 July 1990",
}

@Article{Aldenderfer:1991:AEC,
  author =       "Mark Aldenderfer",
  title =        "The {Analytical Engine}: Computer Simulation and
                 Archaeological Research",
  journal =      "Archaeological Method and Theory",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "195--247",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20170216",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Allison:1991:MAM,
  author =       "David Allison",
  title =        "Museums and archives. {Mus{\'e}e national des
                 techniques}. {Conservatoire national des arts et
                 M{\'e}tiers}. {National Museum of American History},
                 {Smithsonian Institution} Publications and Artifacts.
                 {Unisys} donates {Burroughs} historical records to
                 {Charles Babbage Institute}. {Digital Equipment
                 Corporation}'s historical collection program",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "351--353",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 14 18:57:39 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1991/pdf/a4351.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1991/a4351abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1991:ARB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Article Review: {{\booktitle{Forming Holes in Brittle
                 Materials. An Antique Technique and its Report by
                 Charles Babbage, 1792--1871}}: W. Johnson, S.
                 Chandrasekar, \booktitle{Journal of Materials
                 Processing Technology}, 21(1), pp. 43--50. (Jan
                 1990)}",
  journal =      "Precision Engineering",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-6359(91)90272-K",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014163599190272K",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1991:BE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s engines",
  journal =      j-LANCET,
  volume =       "338",
  number =       "8758",
  pages =        "24",
  day =          "6",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "LANCAO",
  ISSN =         "0140-6736 (print), 1474-547X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0140-6736",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014067369190012E",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Lancet (London, England)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01406736",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1991:HCC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "History of Computers and Computing: Reviews of
                 {William Aspray, \booktitle{John von Neumann and the
                 Origins of modern Computing}, (Cambridge: MIT Press,
                 1990 --- \$35.00, ISBN 0-262-01121-2, 376 pp.); Stephen
                 G. Nash, editor, \booktitle{A History of Scientific
                 Computing} (New York: Association for Computing
                 Machinery [ACM] Press; co-published by Addison-Wesley,
                 1990 --- price not given, ISBN 0-201-50814-1, 359 pp.);
                 Michael Lindgren, \booktitle{Glory and Failure: The
                 Difference Engines of Johann M{\"u}ller, Charles
                 Babbage and Edvard Scheutz} [translated by Craig G.
                 McKay] (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990 --- \$45.00, ISBN
                 0-262-12146-8, 414 pp.); Emerson W. Pugh, Lyle R.
                 Johnson, and John H. Palmer, \booktitle{IBM's 360 and
                 Early 370 Systems} (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991 ---
                 \$37.50, ISBN 0-262-16123-0, 819 pp.) }",
  journal =      j-COMMUN-BOOKNOTES-Q,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "78--78",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1991",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10948009109487995",
  ISSN =         "1094-8007 (print), 1532-6896 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-8007",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:27:55 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10948009109487995",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communication Booknotes Quarterly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hcbq20",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1991:HMW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "How the machine works: Seeking the Soul of an Old
                 Machine: {Charles Babbage}'s {Difference Engine} is
                 ready to run --- built for the first time 150 years
                 after it was designed",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "252",
  number =       "5011",
  pages =        "1370--1371",
  day =          "7",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5011.1370-a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 09:04:01 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/252/5011/1370.2.full",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
  remark =       "From the first paragraph: ``On 27 June [1991],
                 Britain's Science Museum will have the 3-ton machine
                 with its 4000 gears, levers, and wheels build of bronze
                 read to produce its first computations at the turn of a
                 crank.''",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1991:HST,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The History of science and technology: a listing and
                 guide to the microfilm collection: Papers of {Sir Hans
                 Sloane}, 1660--1754: Papers of {Sir Joseph Banks},
                 1743--1820: Papers of {Charles Babbage}, 1791--1871:
                 Science and society, 1660--1773.: Science and society,
                 1660--1773",
  publisher =    "Adam Matthew Publications",
  address =      "Wiltshire, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "1-85711-016-1 (Ser.1, pt.1), 1-85711-052-8 (Ser.2,
                 pt.1-3), 1-85711-128-1 (Ser.2, pt.4), 1-85711-101-X
                 (Ser.3, pt.1)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85711-016-6 (Ser.1, pt.1), 978-1-85711-052-4
                 (Ser.2, pt.1-3), 978-1-85711-128-6 (Ser.2, pt.4),
                 978-1-85711-101-9 (Ser.3, pt.1)",
  LCCN =         "Z7401 .H57 1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Sloane, Hans; Sir; Library; Catalogs; History;
                 Bibliography; Science; Technology",
  subject-dates = "1660--1753",
  tableofcontents = "Series 1. The papers of Sir Hans Sloane, 1660--1754
                 from the British Library, London \\
                 Part 1. Science and society, 1660--1773 \\
                 Series 2. The papers of Sir Joseph Banks, 1743--1820
                 \\
                 Part 1. Correspondence and papers relating to voyages
                 of discovery, 1740--1805, from the British Library,
                 London \\
                 Part 2. Papers relating to voyages of discovery,
                 1760--1800, from the British Library, London \\
                 Part 3. Correspondence and papers relating to voyages
                 of discovery, 1743--1853, from the British Library,
                 London \\
                 Part 4. Correspondence and papers relating to voyages
                 of discovery, 1767--1819, from the State Library of New
                 South Wales \\
                 Series 3. The papers of Charles Babbage, 1791--1871 \\
                 Part 1. A listing and Guide to Part 1 of the Microfilm
                 Collection",
}

@Article{Babbage:1991:ARB,
  author =       "Neville F. Babbage",
  title =        "Autopsy report on the body of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-MED-J-AUST,
  volume =       "154",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "758--759",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "MJAUAJ",
  ISSN =         "0025-729X (print), 1326-5377 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-729X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 07:31:31 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Medical journal of Australia",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mja.com.au/journal",
  remark =       "The author, who is the great-great-grandson of Charles
                 Babbage, found the autopsy report in family papers in
                 1983. See comments in \cite[page 214]{Swade:2001:DEC}.
                 The journal Web site has no issues before volume 164
                 (1996).",
}

@Book{Blaug:1991:WWD,
  editor =       "Mark Blaug",
  title =        "{William Whewell (1794--1866), Dionysius Lardner
                 (1793--1859), Charles Babbage (1792--1871)}",
  volume =       "19",
  publisher =    "E. Elgar",
  address =      "Aldershot, UK",
  pages =        "x + 273",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "1-85278-481-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85278-481-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:41:46 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  series =       "Pioneers in economics; An Elgar reference collection",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "An Elgar Reference collection",
  subject =      "Whewell, William; Lardner, Dionysius; Babbage,
                 Charles",
  subject-dates = "1794--1866; 1793--1859; 1791--1871",
}

@TechReport{Bramwell:1991:BB,
  author =       "Bob Bramwell",
  title =        "Back to {Babbage}",
  number =       "91/422/06",
  institution =  "University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 10:32:14 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Bromley:1991:BPS,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "The {Babbage} papers in the {Science Museum Library}:
                 a cross-referenced list",
  publisher =    "Science Museum",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "294 (est.)",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-901805-44-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-901805-44-7 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .B76 1991; QA75 .S35 1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "A catalogue of the Science Museum's archive of the
                 works of Charles Babbage.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Bibliography; Calculators",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1991:RPI,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi and Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Reviews: {Penzias: Ideas and Information: Managing in
                 a High-tech World}; {Rose: West of Eden: The End of
                 Innocence at Apple Computer}; {Lindgren: Glory \&
                 Failure: the Difference Engines of Johann M{\"u}ller,
                 Charles Babbage, and Edvard Scheutz}; {Jennings: The
                 Devouring Fungus: Tales of the Computer Age}; {Norberg:
                 High Technology Calculation in the Early 20th Century:
                 Punched Card Machinery in Business and Government};
                 {Hall and Barry: Sunburst: The Ascent of Sun
                 Microsystems}; {Heppenheimer: How von Neumann Showed
                 the Way}; {Aspray: Back to Basics: The Stored Program
                 Concept}; {Rosen: The Origins of Modern Computing};
                 {Taylor: In Memoriam: J. C. R. Licklider, 1915--1990};
                 {Mounier-Kuhn: Genese de l'informatique en France
                 (1945--1965): Diffusion de l'innovation et transfert de
                 technologie}; {Eisler: My Life with the Printed
                 Circuit}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "231--234",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:15 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1991/pdf/a2231.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1991/a2231abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Disch:1991:BRQ,
  author =       "Thomas M. Disch",
  title =        "Book Review: {Queen Victoria}'s Computers:
                 {{\booktitle{The Difference Engine}}, by William Gibson
                 and Bruce Sterling. 429 pp. New York: Bantam Books.
                 \$19.95}",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "BR5--BR6",
  day =          "10",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:46:08 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/108838347",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
}

@Article{Fahey:1991:RSD,
  author =       "Fin Fahey",
  title =        "Review: See the difference: {Making the Difference:
                 Charles Babbage and the Birth of the Computer An
                 exhibition at the Science Museum to 31 December}",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "1779",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "27",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:09:40 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13117795.800-review-see-the-difference.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
}

@Book{Gibson:1991:DE,
  author =       "William Gibson and Bruce Sterling",
  title =        "The {Difference Engine}",
  publisher =    pub-BANTAM,
  address =      pub-BANTAM:adr,
  pages =        "429",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-553-29461-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-553-29461-3",
  LCCN =         "PS3557.I2264 D54 1991; PR9199.3.G53 D54 1992",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:46:45 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  price =        "US\$5.99",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computers; Fiction",
}

@Article{Jones:1991:LTC,
  author =       "Glyn Jones",
  title =        "The life and times of a computing pioneer: {Charles
                 Babbage} invented all sorts of things besides automatic
                 calculating machines, including `cow catchers',
                 flashing lighthouses and speedometers. {Did} he spread
                 his talents too thinly?",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "1775",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "29",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:16:05 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13017755.600-the-life-and-times-of-a-computing-pioneer-charles-babbage-invented-all-sorts-of-things-besides-automatic-calculating-machines-including-cow-catchers-flashing-lighthouses-and-speedometers-did-he-spread-his-talents-too-thinly.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
}

@Article{Matthews:1991:CRG,
  author =       "Charles Matthews",
  title =        "Computer Revolutionaries: A Guide to the Literature on
                 Pioneers in Computing",
  journal =      j-SCI-TECHNOL-LIB,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--74",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1300/J122v11n04_03",
  ISSN =         "0194-262X (print), 1541-1109 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0194-262X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 08:20:14 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J122v11n04_03",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science \& Technology Libraries",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wstl20",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{ONeill:1991:HSP,
  author =       "Judy O'Neill and J. A. N. Lee and Paul Ceruzzi and
                 Gail Jennes",
  title =        "Happenings. {Sumptuous} piece of engineering
                 sculpture. {Babbage} stamp issued. {Fifty} years of
                 program-controlled calculating machines. {Celebration}
                 at the {Deutsches Museum}. {People} and computers
                 exhibition opens at the computer museum. {Deutsches
                 Museum} workshop on the technical history of electrical
                 information technology. {International} congress of
                 history of science. {Technological} competitiveness
                 conference, {Center for the History of Electrical
                 Engineering}. {Adelle and Erwin Tomash Fellowship} in
                 the history of information processing new book in
                 progress",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "353--358",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:16 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1991/pdf/a4353.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1991/a4353abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{ONeill:1991:RBD,
  author =       "Bill O'Neill",
  title =        "Review: Better described as a `great uncle': {Doron
                 Swade, \booktitle{Charles Babbage and his Calculating
                 Engines}, (Science Museum, pp 48, \pounds 3.50)}",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "1785",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:22:24 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13117855.000-review-better-described-as-a-great-uncle.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
}

@TechReport{Randell:1991:PBB,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "Programming: from {Babbage} to {Backus}",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "327",
  institution =  "University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing
                 Laboratory",
  address =      "Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  pages =        "17",
  year =         "1991",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:39:24 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  series =       "Technical report series / University of Newcastle upon
                 Tyne, Computing Laboratory",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; Programming; History",
}

@Article{Stigler:1991:CBI,
  author =       "George J. Stigler",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} ($ 1791 + 200 = 1991 $ )",
  journal =      j-J-ECON-LIT,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1149--1152",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "JECLB3",
  ISSN =         "0022-0515 (print), 1547-1101 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-0515",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2727614",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Economic Literature",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.aeaweb.org/journals/jel/issues",
}

@Article{Swade:1991:BBD,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "Building {Babbage}'s Dream Machine",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "1775",
  pages =        "37--39",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 18 09:47:05 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
}

@Article{Swade:1991:BRW,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "Book Review: The World Reduced to Number:
                 {{\booktitle{The Works of Charles Babbage}}}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "82",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "532--536",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:24:16 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i211204;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/233232",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Book{Swade:1991:CBH,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and his calculating engines",
  publisher =    "Science Museum",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xii + 48",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-901805-45-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-901805-45-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.B3 S8 1991; QA76.2 .B33 S93 1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Prepared as part of the 1991 Babbage celebration. The
                 author of this book led a team that successfully
                 constructed a modern working version of Charles
                 Babbage's Difference Engine Number 2 in 1991; see
                 \cite{Purbrick:1993:DMC,Swade:1991:CCB,Swade:1993:RCB,Swade:2000:CBC,Swade:2000:DEC,Swade:2001:CBC,Swade:2001:DEC,Swade:2005:CCB}.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators; History",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Swade:1991:CCB,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The construction of {Charles Babbage}'s difference
                 engine",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--83",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 14 17:44:19 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Distributed/felix-stabilization.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/allison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1991/pdf/a1081.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1991/a1081abs.htm",
  abstract =     "Science Museum UK is building Babbage's difference
                 engine (not his analytic engine which \ldots{}
                 computer) to celebrate 200-th anniversary of Babbage's
                 death (1771). 4000 parts, 3 tons, $ 10 \times 6 \times
                 1.5 $ feet, being built in materials and with accuracy
                 of Babbage's day. The D.E. calculates 7th order
                 polynomials to 30 decimal places.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Bowen \cite{Bowen:1993:SCS} cites another text by
                 Swade towards the concerns of Charles Babbage about the
                 `table crisis' which lead to the development of the
                 difference engine.",
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "Babbage, difference engine",
}

@Article{Turvey:1991:SJH,
  author =       "Peter J. Turvey",
  title =        "{Sir John Herschel} and the abandonment of {Charles
                 Babbage}'s {Difference Engine No. 1}",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "165--176",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1991.0016",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "1128457 (92g:01044)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 10:56:44 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "1 July 1991",
}

@Article{Tweedale:1991:BRM,
  author =       "Geoffrey Tweedale",
  title =        "Book Review: {Michael Lindgren. Glory and Failure: The
                 Difference Engines of Johann M{\"u}ller, Charles
                 Babbage and Georg and Edvard Scheutz, translated by
                 Craig C. McKay. Cambridge, Mass, and London: MIT Press,
                 1990. Pp. 414. ISBN 0-262-12146-8. \pounds 40.50}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "261--263",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400027254",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4027184",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{VanSinderen:1991:HBM,
  author =       "Alfred W. {Van Sinderen} and Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "Happy Birthday {Mr. Babbage}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "125--139",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "1227191 (94c:01036)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 OCLC Contents1st database",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1991/pdf/a2125.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1991/a2125abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "Computers -- History -- Periodicals; Electronic data
                 processing -- History -- Periodicals",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1991:BCP,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "{Babbage} as a Computer Pioneer",
  journal =      "{British Computer Society} and the {Royal Statistical
                 Society}",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:27:48 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite[page 330]{Swade:2001:DEC}; where was
                 this published??",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1991:BEH,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Expectations for his {Engines}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "141--145",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "1227192 (94c:01023)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 OCLC Contents1st database",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1991/pdf/a2141.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1991/a2141abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1991:PMB,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Pray {Mr. Babbage} --- a character study in dramatic
                 form",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "147--154",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:15 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 OCLC Contents1st database",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1991/pdf/a2147.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1991/a2147abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Berg:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Herman Berg",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: On Locating the
                 {Babbage--Quetelet} Letter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--9",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Berg:1992:LBQ,
  author =       "Herman Berg",
  title =        "On locating the {Babbage--Quetelet} letter. Comment
                 on: {``Babbage's letter to Quetelet, May 1835'' [Ann.\
                 Hist.\ Comput.\ \bf 5 (1983), no.\ 3, 263--267;
                 MR0714019 (85a:01041)] by A. W. Van Sinderen}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--9",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "1159167",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Brown:1992:CBM,
  author =       "Donald H. Brown",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: the man and his machines",
  publisher =    "Totnes Museum Society",
  address =      "Totnes, UK",
  pages =        "42",
  year =         "1992",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:41:46 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cover title.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators; History",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1992:CBI,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{The Charles Babbage Institute Reprint Series} for the
                 history of computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "44--48",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.969962",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4008.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Donnelly:1992:MDE,
  author =       "James Donnelly",
  title =        "A modern {Difference Engine}: software simulators for
                 {Charles Babbage}'s {Difference Engine No. 2}",
  publisher =    "Armstrong Pub. Co.",
  address =      "Corvallis, OR, USA",
  pages =        "viii + 36",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "1-879828-03-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-879828-03-2",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .D66 1992",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 09:34:14 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The disk contains PC and HP48 directories. The PC
                 programs may be run on any IBM compatible personal
                 computer, and include special screen formatting code
                 for the HP 95LX palmtop computer. The HP 48 programs
                 may be run on any version of the HP 48 calculator and
                 have been designed to simulate the operation of
                 Difference Engine No. 2.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators; History",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Durand-Richard:1992:CBE,
  author =       "Marie-Jos{\'e} Durand-Richard",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} (1791--1871): de l'{\'e}cole
                 alg{\'e}brique anglaise {\`a} la ``machine
                 analytique''. ({French}) [{Charles Babbage}
                 (1791--1871): from the {English} algebraic school to
                 the {Analytical Engine}]",
  journal =      "Math. Inform. Sci. Humaines",
  volume =       "118",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "5--31",
  year =         "1992",
  ISSN =         "0995-2314",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "1182250 (93k:01043a)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Durand-Richard:1992:ECB}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Math\'ematiques Informatique et Sciences Humaines",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Durand-Richard:1992:ECB,
  author =       "Marie-Jos{\'e} Durand-Richard",
  title =        "Erratum: ``{Charles Babbage} (1791--1871): from the
                 {English} algebraic school to the `{Analytical
                 Engine}'\,''",
  journal =      "Math. Inform. Sci. Humaines",
  volume =       "120",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "79--82",
  year =         "1992",
  ISSN =         "0995-2314",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "1209062 (93k:01043b)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Durand-Richard:1992:CBE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Math\'ematiques Informatique et Sciences Humaines",
}

@Article{Editors:1992:CBD,
  author =       "Editors",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} Describes His Calculating Engines",
  journal =      j-CHANCE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "56--62",
  month =        "Winter--Spring",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CNDCE4",
  ISSN =         "0933-2480 (print), 1867-2280 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0933-2480",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 08 07:20:10 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/chance.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Chance: a magazine for people interested in the
                 analysis of data",
  journal-URL =  "http://chance.amstat.org/;
                 http://link.springer.com/journal/144;
                 http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ucha20",
}

@Article{Friedman:1992:BBB,
  author =       "Linda Weiser Friedman",
  title =        "From {Babbage} to {Babel} and beyond: a brief history
                 of programming languages",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--17",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "COLADA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-0551(92)90019-J",
  ISSN =         "0096-0551 (print), 1873-6742 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-0551",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/009605519290019J",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "City Univ of New York",
  affiliationaddress = "New York, NY, USA",
  classcodes =   "C6140 (Programming languages); C6110 (Systems analysis
                 and programming); C5400 (Analogue and digital computers
                 and systems)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Stat. and Comput. Inf. Syst., Baruch Coll.,
                 City Univ. of New York, NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "Computer Languages",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00960551",
  journalabr =   "Comput Lang",
  keywords =     "Ada; Computer Programming Languages; computer
                 programming languages; Computer Software; digital
                 computers; early languages; Fourth Generation
                 Languages; fourth generation languages; high level
                 languages; history; machine; machine code; Modula-2
                 Language; oriented languages; programming; Second
                 Generation Languages; Snobol Language; Third Generation
                 Languages",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Grattan-Guinness:1992:BFB,
  author =       "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  title =        "{The Babbage\slash Faraday Bicentenary Conference:
                 Cambridge University, England, July 5--7, 1991}",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "207--207",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(92)90083-N",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:18:35 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/031508609290083N",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
}

@Article{Grattan-Guinness:1992:CBA,
  author =       "Ivor Grattan-Guinness",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} as an Algorithmic Thinker",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "34--48",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.150067",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1227194 (94d:01024)",
  MRreviewer =   "Henry S. Tropp",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3034.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3034abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Hyman:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: The Private {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Johnson:1992:BMW,
  author =       "Paul Johnson",
  title =        "The birth of the modern: world society, 1815--1830",
  publisher =    "HarperCollins Publishers",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  pages =        "xx + 1095",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-06-092282-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-06-092282-5",
  LCCN =         "D383 .J64 1992",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:49:39 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
  subject =      "History, Modern; 19th century; Civilization, Modern;
                 Histoire universelle; 19e si{\`e}cle; Civilisation",
  tableofcontents = "A Special Relationship \\
                 Battle of New Orleans, 8 January 1815 \\
                 Origins and character of General Jackson \\
                 How the War of 1812 started \\
                 Divisions within America \\
                 The war on the Canadian frontier \\
                 Robert Fulton and early high-technology naval warfare
                 \\
                 Captain Pasley, world strategy and rocket attacks \\
                 British naval weaknesses and strengths \\
                 The burning of Washington and mutual atrocities \\
                 Jackson in the South \\
                 The crushing of the Indians \\
                 Peace negotiations: John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay
                 \\
                 Significance of the Treaty of Ghent \\
                 Beginnings of the Anglo-American ``special
                 relationship'' \\
                 Castlereagh's statesmanship; the first disarmament
                 treaty \\
                 The American seizure of Florida \\
                 Russia and the Oregon Territory \\
                 How Britons and Americans saw each other \\
                 Pro-Americanism among British progressives \\
                 Sydney Smith, Cobbett and Mrs. Trollope on America \\
                 The development of American English \\
                 Washington Irving and the ``cultural cringe'' \\
                 The United States: a future world power \\
                 The Congress Dances \\
                 Wellington in Vienna in 1815: his career and character
                 \\
                 The fearful legacy of Bonaparte \\
                 Goya and the shift in European opinion \\
                 Revolt of the German intelligentsia \\
                 Metternich and the anti-French coalition \\
                 Bonaparte's exile and return \\
                 Before, during and after the Battle of Waterloo \\
                 Castlereagh, Metternich, Talleyrand and the Congress
                 \\
                 The ``loose cannon'' at Vienna, Tsar Alexander I \\
                 The Russians in London \\
                 Protocol and expertise at Vienna \\
                 The losers: Saxony, Poland and Italy",
}

@Article{Johnson:1992:DFT,
  author =       "W. Johnson",
  title =        "Developments in forming technology --- an engineering
                 educator's approach",
  journal =      "Journal of Materials Processing Technology",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "1--26",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(92)90003-B",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092401369290003B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Book{Martin:1992:CMR,
  editor =       "Ernst Martin and Peggy Aldrich Kidwell and Michael R.
                 (Michael Roy) Williams",
  title =        "The Calculating Machines ({Die Rechenmaschinen}):
                 Their History and Development",
  volume =       "16",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 367 + 25",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-262-13278-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-262-13278-7",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .M3513 1992",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  series =       "Charles Babbage Institute reprint series for the
                 history of computing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Charles Babbage; Difference
                 Engine",
  remark =       "Translated and edited by Peggy Aldrich Kidwell and
                 Michael R. Williams from the German original
                 \cite{Martin:1925:RIE}, reprinted in
                 \cite{Martin:1986:RIE}. Table of contents and book
                 information are sadly not available at the publisher
                 Web site, or in other online catalogs.",
  subject =      "Calculators; History",
}

@Article{Steel:1992:BD,
  author =       "D. I. Steel",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s dates",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "356",
  number =       "6371",
  pages =        "653--653",
  day =          "23",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/356653b0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 16 18:57:38 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Comments that Babbage's birthdate was 26 December
                 1791, even though Babbage himself long believed it was
                 1792.",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v356/n6371/pdf/356653b0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Taylor:1992:CBM,
  author =       "Nicholas K. Taylor",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s mini-computer---{Difference}
                 {Engine No}. 0",
  journal =      j-BULL-INST-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "6-8",
  pages =        "112--114",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IMTABW",
  ISSN =         "0905-5628",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1179487 (93k:01042)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and its
                 Applications",
}

@Article{Tweedale:1992:BRJ,
  author =       "Geoffrey Tweedale",
  title =        "Book Review: {John Napier, Rabdology, translated by W.
                 F. Richardson, introduction by R. E. Rider. Charles
                 Babbage Institute Series for the History of Computing,
                 15. Cambridge, Mass, and London: MIT Press\slash Los
                 Angeles and San Francisco: Tomash Publishers, 1990. Pp.
                 xxxvii + 135. ISBN 0-262-14046-2. \pounds 35.95}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "462--463",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400029654",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4027054",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:BEA,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss and Michael R. Williams and John W.
                 {Carr III} and Noah Prywes",
  title =        "Biographies: Eloge: {Arthur Lee Samuel} (1901--1990);
                 {Joseph Clement}: The First Computer Engineer; {Saul
                 Gorn} (1913--1992)",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--77",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:35:25 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3055.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3055abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  remark =       "Joseph Clement was the engineer hired by Charles
                 Babbage to build Babbage's {Difference Engine}.",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1992:CPC,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Computing Perspectives: {Charles Babbage}: The {Great
                 Uncle} of Computing?",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--16, 21",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/131295.214839",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1 148 946",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0001-0782/214839.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "human factors",
  subject =      "{\bf K.2}: Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING,
                 Charles Babbage. {\bf K.1}: Computing Milieux, THE
                 COMPUTER INDUSTRY.",
}

@Article{Williams:1992:BJC,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "Biographies --- {Joseph Clement}: the first computer
                 engineer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "69--76",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.150083",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 13 18:40:51 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "Joseph Clement was Charles Babbage's superb machinist
                 who worked for years on building Babbage's Difference
                 Engine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:FBT,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Fra {Babbage} til {Pentium}: en datahistoriebok.
                 ({Norwegian}) [{From} {Babbage} to {Pentium}: a
                 computer history book]",
  journal =      "Computerworld {Norge}",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "21",
  publisher =    "IDG Communications Norge",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  pages =        "130",
  year =         "1993",
  LCCN =         "(091) -055.2",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:27:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Norwegian",
  subject =      "Kvinner; utdanning; Datamaskiner; Historie; Kvinnelige
                 programmerere [Women; Education; Computers; History;
                 Women Programmers]",
}

@Book{Bowles:1993:IST,
  author =       "Mark D. Bowles",
  title =        "The Idealistic Stimulus of Technology: {Charles
                 Babbage} and the Drive for Reform",
  publisher =    "Case Western Reserve University",
  address =      "Cleveland, OH, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:50:02 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Cited in \cite[page 323]{Swade:2001:DEC} but with
                 `Cape' instead of `Case'; is this a thesis? Not in
                 Dissertation Abstracts, and not among the 50 or so
                 reports by Bowles in the CWU library catalog.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Bromley:1993:DE,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley and Anthony Ralston",
  booktitle =    "Encyclopedia of Computer Science",
  title =        "{Difference Engine}",
  crossref =     "Ralston:1993:ECS",
  pages =        "431--432",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 10:21:57 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Franksen:1993:BCM,
  author =       "Ole Immanuel Franksen",
  title =        "{Babbage} and cryptography. {Or}, the mystery of
                 {Admiral Beaufort}'s cipher",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMP-SIM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "327--367",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "MCSIDR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(93)90063-Z",
  ISSN =         "0378-4754 (print), 1872-7166 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0378-4754",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (94-03 94A60)",
  MRnumber =     "1245617 (94h:01036)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037847549390063Z",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematics and Computers in Simulation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03784754",
}

@Book{Goldstine:1993:CPN,
  author =       "Herman H. (Herman Heine) Goldstine",
  title =        "The Computer: from {Pascal} to {von Neumann}",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 378",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-691-02367-0 (paperback), 0-691-08104-2 (hardback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-02367-0 (paperback), 978-0-691-08104-5
                 (hardback)",
  LCCN =         "TK7885.A5 G64 1993",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 08:24:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 prodorbis.library.yale.edu:7090/voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7rvp0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1913--2004",
  remark =       "First Princeton paperback printing, 1980.",
  subject =      "Computers; History",
  tableofcontents = "Part 1. The historical background up to World War
                 II \\
                 Part 2. Wartime developments: ENIAC and EDVAC \\
                 Part 3. Post-World War II: the von Neumann machine and
                 the Institute for Advanced Study",
}

@Article{OBrien:1993:BRB,
  author =       "D. P. O'Brien",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 12:
                 Adam Smith (1723--1790), Volume I}}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 12: Adam Smith
                 (1723--1790), Volume II}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 13: Henry Thornton,
                 Jeremy Bentham, James Lauderdale Simonde de Sismondi},
                 by Mark Blaug; \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 14:
                 David Ricardo (1772--1823)}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 15: Jean-Baptiste Say
                 (1776--1832)}, by Mark Blaug; \booktitle{Pioneers in
                 Economics 16: Thomas Robert Malthus (1766--1834) and
                 John Stuart Mill (1806--1873)}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 17: Ramsay McCulloch
                 (1789--1864), Nassau Senior (1790--1864), Robert
                 Torrens (1780--1864)}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 18: Thomas Tooke
                 (1774--1858), Mountifort Longfield (1802--1884),
                 Richard Jones (1790--1855)}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 19: William Whewell
                 (1794--1866), Dionysius Lardner (1793--1859), Charles
                 Babbage (1792--1871)}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 20: George Scrope
                 (1797--1876), Thomas Attwood (1783--1856), Edwin
                 Chadwick (1800--1890), John Cairnes (1823--1875)};
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 21: James Mill
                 (1773--1836), John Rae (1796--1872), Edward West
                 (1782--1882), Thomas Joplin (1790--1847)}, by Mark
                 Blaug; \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 22: James
                 Wilson (1805--1860), Issac Butt (1813--1879), T. E.
                 Cliffe Leslie (1827--1882)}, by Mark Blaug;
                 \booktitle{Pioneers in Economics 23: Karl Marx
                 (1818--1883)}, by Mark Blaug}",
  journal =      "The Economic Journal",
  volume =       "103",
  number =       "416",
  pages =        "233--237",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2234352",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Purbrick:1993:DMC,
  author =       "Louise Purbrick",
  title =        "The Dream Machine: {Charles Babbage} and His Imaginary
                 Computers",
  journal =      j-J-DES-HIST,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--21",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0952-4649 (print), 1741-7279 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0952-4649",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 16:18:30 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315933",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Design History",
}

@Article{Roberts:1993:CQD,
  author =       "C. J. D. Roberts",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage} and
                 {Clement}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Swade:1993:RCB,
  author =       "Doron D. Swade",
  title =        "Redeeming {Charles Babbage}'s Mechanical Computer",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "268",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "86--91",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0293-86",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 08:35:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v268/n2/pdf/scientificamerican0293-86.pdf",
  abstract =     "Historians have argued that Charles Babbage was unable
                 to build his vast mechanical computers because his
                 conception exceeded the capacity of 19th-century
                 engineering. The construction in 1991 of a working,
                 three-ton calculating engine proves that his designs
                 were well within the realm of possibility.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  xxnewdata =    "1998.01.30",
  xxpages =      "86--91 (Intl. ed. 62--??)",
}

@Article{Tweedale:1993:BRE,
  author =       "Geoffrey Tweedale",
  title =        "Book Review: {Ernst Martin, The Calculating Machines
                 (Die Rechenmaschinen): Their History and Development,
                 translated and edited by Peggy Aldrich Kidwell and
                 Michael R. Williams. Volume 16 in the Charles Babbage
                 Institute Reprint Series for the History of Computing.
                 Cambridge, Mass, and London: MIT Press; Los Angeles and
                 San Francisco: Tomash Publishers, 1992. Pp. xvii + 367,
                 illus. ISBN 0-262-13278-8. \pounds 44.95}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "126--127",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400030648",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4027388",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{Ashworth:1994:CEB,
  author =       "William J. Ashworth",
  title =        "The calculating eye: {Baily}, {Herschel}, {Babbage}
                 and the business of astronomy",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "409--441",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400032428",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A74)",
  MRnumber =     "1312215 (95j:01016)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs1990.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4027624",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
  xxnumber =     "4(95)",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1994:CBA,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the {{\booktitle{Assurance of
                 lives}}}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--14",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1994.298416",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "1287529 (95d:01013)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3005.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3005abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Decker:1994:AEI,
  author =       "Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield",
  title =        "The {Analytical Engine}: an introduction to computer
                 science using {HyperCard 2.1}",
  publisher =    "PWS Publishing",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xxiv + 391",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-534-93696-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-534-93696-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .D37 1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:57:50 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "System requirements for computer disk: Macintosh;
                 HyperCard 2.0 or higher.",
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; Macintosh (Computer);
                 Programming; HyperCard (Computer file)",
}

@Article{Kanelopoulos:1994:BET,
  author =       "Charles Kanelopoulos",
  title =        "{Babbage}: entre la technologie et l'{\'e}conomie.
                 ({French}) [{Babbage}: between technology and
                 economy]",
  journal =      "{\'E}conomies et soci{\'e}t{\'e}s: cahiers de {l'ISMEA
                 (Paris)}",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--68",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0013-0567",
  ISSN-L =       "0013-0567",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  series =       "Cahiers de l'ISMEA PE, S{\'e}rie {\'E}conomia,
                 histoire de la pens{\'e}e {\'e}conomique",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "Babbage: between technology and economy.",
  xxvolume =     "19",
}

@InCollection{Rosenberg:1994:CBP,
  author =       "Nathan Rosenberg",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: pioneer economist",
  crossref =     "Rosenberg:1994:EBB",
  chapter =      "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 21:10:32 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sussman:1994:CMC,
  author =       "Herbert Sussman",
  title =        "Cyberpunk Meets {Charles Babbage}: {``The Difference
                 Engine''} as Alternative {Victorian} History",
  journal =      j-VIC-STUD,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--23",
  month =        "Autumn",
  year =         "1994",
  ISSN =         "0042-5222 (print), 1527-2052 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-5222",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4618879",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Victorian Studies",
}

@Article{Tee:1994:MAC,
  author =       "G. J. Tee",
  title =        "More about {Charles Babbage}'s difference engine
                 no.~$0$",
  journal =      j-BULL-INST-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "9-10",
  pages =        "134--137",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IMTABW",
  ISSN =         "0905-5628",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "1309526 (95j:01021)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and its
                 Applications",
}

@Book{Ackroyd:1995:DLL,
  author =       "Peter Ackroyd",
  title =        "{Dan Leno} and the {Limehouse Golem}",
  publisher =    "Minerva",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "281",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "0-7493-9659-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7493-9659-6",
  LCCN =         "PR6051.C64 D36 1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 07:16:05 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Detective and mystery stories; Historical fiction",
  remark =       "This novel of fiction features [the then late] Charles
                 Babbage and his Analytical Engine; see \cite[page
                 204]{Swade:2001:DEC}.",
  subject =      "Serial murders; Fiction; London (England)",
}

@Article{Johnson:1995:CCW,
  author =       "W. Johnson",
  title =        "Contents and commentary on {William Moore}'s
                 {{\booktitle{A treatise on the motion of rockets and an
                 essay on naval gunnery}}}",
  journal =      "International Journal of Impact Engineering",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "499--521",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-743X(94)00052-X",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0734743X9400052X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Lee:1995:BKH,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "On {``Babbage and Kings''} and {``How sausage was
                 made''}: and now for the rest of the story",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--23",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.477433",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477433.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Morrison:1995:NTW,
  author =       "Philip Morrison",
  title =        "Nothing is too wonderful to be true",
  volume =       "11",
  publisher =    pub-AIP,
  address =      pub-AIP:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 446",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-56396-363-9 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56396-363-6 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "Q173",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 17:31:56 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  series =       "Masters of modern physics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Physical sciences; Miscellanea; Physics; Science;
                 Physicists",
  tableofcontents = "Radio Days \\
                 Engineers in Kindergarten? \\
                 Searching for Our Ancestors \\
                 The Wonder of Time \\
                 The Fabric of the Atom \\
                 Why Man Explores \\
                 Two Dials \\
                 Science and the Nation \\
                 On the Causes of Wonderful Things \\
                 The Simulation of Intelligence \\
                 The Actuary of Our Species \\
                 Cause, Chance and Creation \\
                 On Broken Symmetries \\
                 Looking at the World \\
                 What Is Astronomy? \\
                 The Explosive Core \\
                 Is M82 Really Exploding? \\
                 A Whisper from Space \\
                 Life Beyond Earth and the Mind of Man \\
                 Twenty Years After \\
                 Life in the Universe \\
                 A Talk with Philip Morrison \\
                 The Search for Extraterrestrial Communications \\
                 Less May Be More \\
                 Ice that Sinks \\
                 The New General Physics \\
                 The Full and Open Classroom \\
                 Primary Science: Symbol or Substance? \\
                 Knowing Where You Are \\
                 If the Bomb Gets Out of Hand \\
                 Physics of the Bomb \\
                 Accidents with Atomic Weapons \\
                 Caught Between Asymptotes \\
                 The Spiral of Peril \\
                 Insecurity Through Technical Prowess \\
                 Nationalism, Science, and Individual Responsibility \\
                 Bruno Rossi \\
                 Robert Noyce and the First Chip \\
                 Niels Bohr: A Glimpse of the Other Side \\
                 Richard Feynman: An Old Friend \\
                 The Exploratorium: Frank and Jackie Oppenheimer \\
                 Heaven and Earth One Substance: Bernard Peters and the
                 Heavy Primaries \\
                 Charles Babbage: Far Ahead of His Time / Philip
                 Morrison and Emily Morrison",
}

@Article{Pilgrim:1995:TTT,
  author =       "Robert A. Pilgrim",
  title =        "{TIC-TAC-TOE}: introducing expert systems to middle
                 school students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "340--344",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199853",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Machines that play simple games have been a part of
                 the development and promotion of computers for years.
                 Charles Babbage conceived of a machine to play
                 tic-tac-toe in an effort to obtain funding for his
                 Analytical Engine. As part of the Summer Computer
                 Science Workshop, participants design and implement a
                 rule base for an expert system that plays the game of
                 X's and O's (tic-tac-toe). This simple game was
                 selected because most middle school age students are
                 already domain experts. The participant has to select
                 and order six or fewer rules with a seventh catch-all
                 rule, ``Take any available position.'' The designers
                 debug their own expert systems by playing the game and
                 modifying their rule bases. Once they are satisfied
                 with their own design, they play against each other's
                 expert systems in a round-robin tournament. The
                 development environment, written in Pascal to run under
                 MS-DOS, displays the current state of the game board
                 and lists the rules with the most recently ``fired''
                 rule being highlighted. This program is far from a
                 complete expert system, but it does illustrate a number
                 of principles of expert systems design. Like most
                 expert systems, a reasonable solution to the
                 tic-tac-toe problem can be embodied in a surprisingly
                 small rule base. No more than seven rules are needed to
                 play a perfect game of tic-tac-toe, and the same rule
                 base is valid whether the opponent or the computer
                 makes the first move.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Seidel:1995:CBI,
  author =       "R. W. Seidel",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage Institute Director}'s Column",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--5",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1995.477431",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477431.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Sibbett:1995:BRB,
  author =       "Trevor Sibbett",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Charles Babbage and the
                 Assurance of Lives}} by Martin Campbell-Kelly}",
  journal =      "British Actuarial Journal",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "592--592",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41141237",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stevenson:1995:CSP,
  author =       "Richard W. Stevenson",
  title =        "{Christie}'s Sells Part of a Pre-Computer",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "D4--D4",
  day =          "9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:49:45 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/109507261",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Difference Engine No. 1",
  remark =       "The story notes that the device was sold for
                 US\$282,000, more than three times the expected price.
                 It is in working condition, but can do only a simple
                 addition.",
}

@Article{Swade:1995:PBH,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "Piece of {Babbage} History Sold",
  journal =      "Resurrection: The Computer Conservation Society
                 Journal",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995--1996",
  ISSN =         "0958-7403",
  ISSN-L =       "0958-7403",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 21:43:17 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res14.htm#c",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From the introduction: ``A small demonstration piece
                 of Charles Babbage's famed Difference Engine No 1 was
                 auctioned at Christie's on 4 October 1995. The piece
                 was tentatively valued at \pounds 50,000 prior to the
                 sale. In the event bidding was fierce and foreign
                 interest strong. The hammer price was \pounds 160,000
                 and the piece went to the Powerhouse Museum, Sydney,
                 Australia.''",
}

@Article{Tee:1995:BP,
  author =       "Garry Tee",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s pocket",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "1985",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "8",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:20:38 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14719856.500-babbages-pocket.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
  remark =       "From the article: cartoonist Kate Charlesworth
                 depicted Charles Babbage attempting to patent a laptop
                 version of his ``Difference Engine''.",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1995:BRU,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Book Review: The Ubiquitous {Mr Babbage}:
                 {{\booktitle{Passages from the Life of a
                 Philosopher}}}",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "341--342",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1995.0037",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 10:58:00 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "1 July 1995",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1996:BHC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A Brief History of The Computer",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "D3--D3",
  day =          "19",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:54:06 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/109624296",
  abstract =     "In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented an adding machine. It
                 was the first example of a true adding machine where
                 tens were carried to the next column.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  keywords =     "1642: Blaise Pascal; 1822: Charles Babbage; 1936: Alan
                 M. Turing; 1939: John V. Atanasoff; 1941: Konrad Zuse;
                 1942: John Presper Eckert; 1942: John W. Mauchly; 1945:
                 ENIAC",
}

@Article{Ashworth:1996:MES,
  author =       "William J. Ashworth",
  title =        "Memory, efficiency, and symbolic analysis: {Charles}
                 {Babbage}, {John Herschel}, and the industrial mind",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "629--653",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/357650",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "1428332",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:25:13 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i211230;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/235196",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Article{Barbrook:1996:BRE,
  author =       "Richard Barbrook",
  title =        "Book Review: Engineering the changes:
                 {{\booktitle{Cultural Babbage}}, edited by Francis
                 Spufford and Jenny Uglow, Faber \& Faber, \pounds
                 14,99, ISBN 0-571-17242-3}",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "2021",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "16",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:13:19 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14920215.100-engineering-the-changes-cultural-babbage-edited-by-francis-spufford-and-jenny-uglow-faber--faber-1499-isbn-0-571-17242-3.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
}

@Article{Hunter:1996:BRD,
  author =       "Lawrence Hunter",
  title =        "Book Review: Digital Days: The story of the computer,
                 from the {17th Century} to the {Information Age}.
                 {{\booktitle{Computer: A History of the Information
                 Machine}}. By Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray.
                 Illustrated. 342 pp. New York: Basic Books. \$28}",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "BR29--BR29",
  day =          "17",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 17:02:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/109658057",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
}

@Article{Park:1996:OHW,
  author =       "Edwards Park",
  title =        "The Object at Hand: What a difference the {Difference
                 Engine} made: from {Charles Babbage}'s calculator
                 emerged today's computer",
  journal =      j-SMITHSONIAN,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "20--??",
  day =          "01",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "SMSNA5",
  ISSN =         "0037-7333 (print), 1930-5508 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0037-7333",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 21 14:38:22 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Smithsonian",
}

@Book{Spufford:1996:CBT,
  editor =       "Francis Spufford and Jennifer S. Uglow",
  title =        "Cultural {Babbage}: technology, time and invention",
  publisher =    pub-FABER-FABER,
  address =      pub-FABER-FABER:adr,
  pages =        "313",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-571-17242-3, 0-571-17243-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-571-17242-9, 978-0-571-17243-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "CB478 .C85 1996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "0571172431 (pbk)L.15.99: Formerly CIP",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Technology; Social aspects; Technology and
                 civilization",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction: ``Possibility'' / Jenny Uglow \\
                 Serbonian bog and wild gas: a note and a pamphlet / Tom
                 Paulin \\
                 ``It will not slice a pineapple'': Babbage, miracles,
                 and machines / Doron Swade \\
                 Babbage's dancer and the impresarios of mechanism /
                 Simon Schaffer \\
                 The Garden of Edison: invention and the American
                 imagination / Portia Dadley \\
                 Sliding scales: microphotography and the Victorian
                 obsession with the miniscule / Marina Benjamin \\
                 Transparency: towards a poetics of glass in the
                 nineteenth century / Isobel Armstrong \\
                 ``Wireless'': popular physics, radio, and modernism /
                 Gillian Beer \\
                 Dome days: Buckminster Fuller in the Cold War / Alex
                 Soojung-Kim Pang \\
                 Making the match: human traces, forensic experts, and
                 the public imagination / Anne Joseph and Alison Winter
                 \\
                 Unstable regions: poetry and science / Lavinia Greenlaw
                 \\
                 Tom Paine and the Internet / Jon Katz \\
                 Candied porkers: British scorn of the scientific / Neil
                 Belton \\
                 The difference engine and the Difference engine /
                 Francis Spufford",
}

@Book{Swade:1996:CBD,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s {Difference Engine No. 2}:
                 Technical Description",
  volume =       "5",
  publisher =    "Science Museum",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "147 + 22",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 18 09:48:55 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "Science Museum Papers in the History of Technology",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "No ISBN assigned, it seems.",
}

@Book{Uglow:1996:CBT,
  editor =       "Jennifer S. Uglow",
  title =        "Cultural Babbage: technology, time, and invention",
  publisher =    pub-FABER-FABER,
  address =      pub-FABER-FABER:adr,
  pages =        "313",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-571-17242-3, 0-571-17243-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-571-17242-9, 978-0-571-17243-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "CB478 .C85 1996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Technology; Social aspects; Technology and
                 civilization",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction: ``Possibility'' / Jenny Uglow \\
                 Serbonian bog and wild gas: a note and a pamphlet / Tom
                 Paulin \\
                 ``It will not slice a pineapple'': Babbage, miracles,
                 and machines / Doron Swade \\
                 Babbage's dancer and the impresarios of mechanism /
                 Simon Schaffer \\
                 The Garden of Edison: invention and the American
                 imagination / Portia Dadley \\
                 Sliding scales: microphotography and the Victorian
                 obsession with the miniscule / Marina Benjamin \\
                 Transparency: towards a poetics of glass in the
                 nineteenth century / Isobel Armstrong \\
                 ``Wireless'': popular physics, radio, and modernism /
                 Gillian Beer \\
                 Dome days: Buckminster Fuller in the Cold War / Alex
                 Soojung-Kim Pang \\
                 Making the match: human traces, forensic experts, and
                 the public imagination / Anne Joseph and Alison Winter
                 \\
                 Unstable regions: poetry and science / Lavinia Greenlaw
                 \\
                 Tom Paine and the Internet / Jon Katz \\
                 Candied porkers: British scorn of the scientific / Neil
                 Belton \\
                 The difference engine and the Difference engine /
                 Francis Spufford",
}

@Article{Dotzler:1997:TBU,
  author =       "Bernhard J. Dotzler",
  title =        "{Technotation: Babbage und die Macht der Zeichen}.
                 ({German}) [{Technotation}: {Babbage} and the Power of
                 Signs]",
  journal =      "{Weimarer Beitr{\"a}ge: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r
                 Literaturwissenschaft, {\"A}sthetik und
                 Kulturwissenschaften}",
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "99--109",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1997",
  ISSN =         "0043-2199",
  ISSN-L =       "0043-2199",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 11:06:53 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{McClain:1997:EC,
  author =       "Dylan Loeb McClain",
  title =        "The Evolution of the Calculator",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "D3--D3",
  day =          "1",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:58:52 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/109786292",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage: Difference Engine",
}

@Article{Rice:1997:IDA,
  author =       "Adrian Rice",
  title =        "Inspiration or desperation? {Augustus de Morgan}'s
                 appointment to the chair of mathematics at {London
                 University} in 1828",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "257--274",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087497003075",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (Mathematics in the 19th century); 01A70
                 (Biographies, obituaries, personalia, bibliographies);
                 01A73 (History of mathematics at universities); 01A80",
  MRnumber =     "1483152 (2000a:01018)",
  MRreviewer =   "Willard Parker",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs1990.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4027861",
  ZMnumber =     "0884.01019",
  abstract =     "In February 1828, when A. de Morgan was appointed on
                 the Mathematical Chair of the newly founded London
                 University, he was only twenty-one years of age and
                 youngest of over thirty applicants. With no teaching
                 experience whatsoever, he had only recently acquired
                 his BA degree from Cambridge, had published nothing and
                 was studying at Lincol's Inn to be a lawyer. Let cite:
                 ``Yet the council of the first English university to be
                 founded since the Middle Ages saw fit to appoint this
                 relative novice as their founder professor of
                 mathematics. This paper, therefore, seeks to pose and
                 answer a very obvious question: why?'' The London
                 University was officially founded on 11 February 1826.
                 Around Christmas advertisements appeared in various
                 newspapers. Among vacancies for twenty-four
                 professorships two mathematical chairs were offered.
                 The answer on the question posed above is based on a
                 list of candidates drawn by the author from two
                 sources: library of University College (letters of
                 application) and Cancel Minutes, Vol. I. This list is
                 analysed from several aspects. For ten de Morgan's
                 principal opponents there is examined why they were
                 rejected. Meanwhile the council had turned with
                 personal letters to Charles Babbage and John Herschel
                 offering the professorship of higher mathematics and
                 mathematical physics. Their replies, which turned the
                 offer down, are partly cited and analysed. From the
                 testimonials in favour of de Morgans's candidature from
                 this former tutors only four survive. The extracts are
                 cited, stressing his all-round mathematical talent and
                 knowledge. With the testimonials young de Morgan sent a
                 sixty-six folio manuscript ``Elements of Statics''
                 (unpublished, now in Univ. Coll. Archives). The author
                 of the present paper concludes: ``\dots the council of
                 London University made an excellent decision. De Morgan
                 was\dots one of the longest serving and highly
                 respected professors in what is now known as University
                 College London''.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
  keywords =     "de Morgan; London University",
  xxnumber =     "3(106)",
  ZMreviewer =   "{\"U}. Lumiste (Tartu)",
}

@Book{Williams:1997:HCT,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "A History of Computing Technology",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xi + 426",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-7739-2 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-7739-7 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.17 .W55 1997",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 5 15:21:04 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hartree-douglas-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib",
  URL =          "http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37514972q",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ABC; Antikythera device; Baldwin--Odhner machines;
                 Bell Relay Computers; Blaise Pascal; Cambridge machine
                 (EDSAC); Charles Babbage; Clifford Berry; Colossus
                 machine; Douglas Hartree; Eckert/Mauchly machines
                 (BINAC and UNIVAC); Electronic Discrete Variable
                 Arithmetic Computer (EDVAC); ENIAC; Ferranti Atlas;
                 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; Hartree Meccano model
                 differential analyser; Harvard Mark I--IV; Howard
                 Aiken; IBM Stretch; IBM/360; Institute for Advanced
                 Study machine (IAS); John Atanasoff; Konrad Zuze; LARC;
                 Manchester machine; Napier; NORC; NPL Pilot Ace; Percy
                 Ludgate; Project Whirlwind; Rene Grillet; Samuel
                 Morland; Scheutz Difference Engine; SEAC and SWAC
                 machines; Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator
                 (SSEC); Thomas Arithmometer; Vannevar Bush differential
                 analyzer; Wilhelm Schickard",
  remark =       "There are 11 mentions of Douglas Hartree in this book,
                 with reference to his Meccano model differential
                 analyzer, and his book on calculating machines
                 \cite{Hartree:1984:CMRa,Hartree:1984:CMRb}.",
  shorttableofcontents = "1. In the Beginning \\
                 2. Early Aids to Calculation \\
                 3. Mechanical Calculating Machines \\
                 4. The Babbage Machines \\
                 5. The Analog Animals \\
                 6. The Mechanical Monsters \\
                 7. The Electronic Revolution \\
                 8. The First Stored Program Electronic Computers \\
                 9. Later Developments \\
                 Appendix \\
                 Index",
  subject =      "Computers; History; Electronic data processing;
                 Ordinateurs; Histoire; Informatique; Computers;
                 Electronic data processing; Histoire; Num{\'e}eration;
                 Histoire; Informatique; Ordinateur; ordinateur;
                 origines; 20e s; origines.",
  subject-dates = "Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897--12 February
                 1958)",
  tableofcontents = "1: In the Beginning / 1 \\
                 1.1 Numeration / 1 \\
                 1.2 Written Number Systems / 6 \\
                 1.2.1 The Additive Number System / 7 \\
                 1.2.2 The Positional System / 8 \\
                 1.3 The Egyptians / 9 \\
                 1.4 The Greeks / 14 \\
                 1.5 The European Number System / 19 \\
                 1.6 The Far East / 27 \\
                 1.7 Other Forms of Notation / 32 \\
                 1.7.1. Knotted Cords for Record Keeping / 33 \\
                 1.7.2 Tally Sticks / 38 \\
                 1.7.3 Other Methods of Numerical Notation / 41 \\
                 Further Reading / 42 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 1 / 44 \\
                 \\
                 2: Early Aids to Calculation / 46 \\
                 2.1 Introduction / 46 \\
                 2.2 Finger Reckoning / 47 \\
                 2.3 The Abacus / 53 \\
                 2.4 The Quadrant / 66 \\
                 2.5 Two Legged Instruments / 74 \\
                 2.5.1 The Proportional Compass / 75 \\
                 2.5.2 The Sector / 76 \\
                 2.6 Napier's Bones / 83 \\
                 2.6.1 Napier and His Bones / 83 \\
                 2.6.2 Gaspard Schott and Athanasius Kircher / 89 \\
                 2.6.3 Early Versions of Napier's Bones / 93 \\
                 2.6.4 Genaille--Lucas Rulers / 93 \\
                 2.7 Logarithms / 96 \\
                 2.8 The Slide Rule / 105 \\
                 Further Reading / 112 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 2 / 116 \\
                 \\
                 3: Mechanical Calculating Machines / 118 \\
                 3.1 Introduction / 118 \\
                 3.2 Wilhelm Schickard (1592--1635) / 119 \\
                 3.3 Blaise Pascal (1623--1662) / 124 \\
                 3.4 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646--1716) / 129 \\
                 3.5 Samuel Morland (1625--1695) / 136 \\
                 3.6 Rene Grillet / 142 \\
                 3.7 Commercially Produced Machines / 145 \\
                 3.7.1 The Thomas Arithmometer / 145 \\
                 3.7.2 The Baldwin--Odhner Machines / 146 \\
                 3.7.3 Key-Driven Machines / 149 \\
                 Further Reading / 152 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 3 / 153 \\
                 \\
                 4: The Babbage Machines / 154 \\
                 4.1 Charles Babbage (1791--1871) / 154 \\
                 4.2 The Need for Accuracy / 160 \\
                 4.3 The Method of Differences / 161 \\
                 4.4 Babbage's Difference Engine / 163 \\
                 4.5 The Scheutz Difference Engine / 170 \\
                 4.6 Other Attempts At Difference Engines / 175 \\
                 4.7 Babbage's Analytical Engine / 177 \\
                 4.8 Percy Ludgate (1883--1922) / 186 \\
                 Further Reading / 188 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 4 / 190 \\
                 \\
                 5: The Analog Animals / 191 \\
                 5.1 Introduction / 191 \\
                 5.2 The Astrolabe / 192 \\
                 5.3 The Antikythera Device / 195 \\
                 5.4 Tide Predictors / 198 \\
                 5.5 Differential Analyzers / 201 \\
                 Further Reading / 207 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 5 / 208 \\
                 \\
                 6: The Mechanical Monsters / 209 \\
                 6.1 Introduction / 209 \\
                 6.2 The Zuse Machines / 210 \\
                 6.2.1 Konrad Zuse / 210 \\
                 6.2.2 The Z1 / 211 \\
                 6.2.3 The Z2 / 214 \\
                 6.2.4 The Z3 / 215 \\
                 6.2.5 The Z4 / 218 \\
                 6.2.6 The Other Zuse Machines / 220 \\
                 6.3 The Bell Relay Computers / 221 \\
                 6.3.1 The Situation / 221 \\
                 6.3.2 The Complex Number Calculator / 222 \\
                 6.3.3 The Relay Interpolator / 225 \\
                 6.3.4 The Models III and IV / 227 \\
                 6.3.5 The Model V (The Twin Machine) / 229 \\
                 6.3.6 The Model VI / 233 \\
                 6.4 The Harvard Machines of Howard Aiken / 235 \\
                 6.4.1 Introduction / 235 \\
                 6.4.2 The Harvard Mark I / 235 \\
                 6.4.3 The Harvard Mark II / 243 \\
                 6.4.4 The Harvard Mark III and Mark IV / 246 \\
                 6.5 The IBM Calculators / 248 \\
                 6.5.1 The Punched Card Systems / 248 \\
                 6.5.2 The Large IBM Calculators / 254 \\
                 6.5.3 The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator
                 (SSEC) / 255 \\
                 Further Reading / 258 \\
                 \\
                 7: The Electronic Revolution / 261 \\
                 7.1 Introduction / 261 \\
                 7.2 John Atanasoff, Clifford Berry, \& the ABC / 262
                 \\
                 7.3 The ENIAC / 266 \\
                 7.3.1 Introduction / 266 \\
                 7.3.2 The Place and the Problem / 267 \\
                 7.3.3 The People / 268 \\
                 7.3.4 The Machine / 270 \\
                 7.4 The Colossus Machines / 284 \\
                 7.4.1 The Enigma / 284 \\
                 7.4.2 Alan Turing (1912--1954) / 288 \\
                 7.4.3 The Robinsons / 289 \\
                 7.4.4 The Colossus / 291 \\
                 Further Reading / 294 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 7 / 295 \\
                 \\
                 8: The First Stored Program Electronic Computers / 296
                 \\
                 8.1 The Genesis of the Ideas / 296 \\
                 8.2 Computer Memory Systems / 301 \\
                 8.2.1 Introduction / 301 \\
                 8.2.2 Thermal Memories / 303 \\
                 8.2.3 Mechanical Memories / 304 \\
                 8.2.4 Delay Line Systems / 306 \\
                 8.2.5 Electrostatic Storage Mechanisms / 311 \\
                 8.2.6 Rotating Magnetic Memories / 316 \\
                 8.2.7 Static Magnetic Memories / 319 \\
                 8.3 The British Scene / 321 \\
                 8.3.1 Introduction / 321 \\
                 8.3.2 The Manchester Machine / 322 \\
                 8.3.3 The Cambridge Machine --- EDSAC / 329 \\
                 8.3.4 The NPL Pilot Ace / 336 \\
                 8.4 The American Scene / 336 \\
                 8.4.1 The American Background / 344 \\
                 8.4.2 The Electronic Discrete Variable Arithmetic
                 Computer (EDVAC) / 347 \\
                 8.4.3 The Institute for Advanced Study Machine (IAS) /
                 351 \\
                 8.4.4 The Eckert/Mauchly Machines, BINAC and UNIVAC /
                 358 \\
                 8.4.5 The SEAC and SWAC Machines / 365 \\
                 8.4.6 Project Whirlwind / 370 \\
                 Further Reading / 376 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 8 / 379 \\
                 \\
                 9: Later Developments / 381 \\
                 9.1 Introduction / 381 \\
                 9.2 The Early Machines of IBM / 383 \\
                 9.2.1 The NORC / 383 \\
                 9.2.2 The 700--7000 Series Machines / 385 \\
                 9.3 Early Super Computers / 391 \\
                 9.3.1 The Stretch / 391 \\
                 9.3.2 The LARC / 395 \\
                 9.3.3 The Ferranti Atlas / 397 \\
                 9.4 The IBM/360 Series of Machines / 400 \\
                 Further Reading / 405 \\
                 Endnotes for Chapter 9 / 406 \\
                 Appendix / 407 \\
                 \\
                 Index / 416",
}

@Article{Bromley:1998:CBA,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s {Analytical Engine}, 1838",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--45",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.728228",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1657571 (99i:01016)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728228.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Coldwell:1998:VDC,
  author =       "Roger A. Coldwell",
  title =        "Viewpoint: did {Chuck Babbage} predict software
                 piracy?",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "25--27",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 30 17:04:20 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/cacm/1998-41-8/p25-coldwelll/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Book{Collier:1998:CBE,
  author =       "Bruce Collier and James Henry MacLachlan",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the engines of perfection",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "123",
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "0-19-508997-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-508997-4",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 C65 1998",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  series =       "Oxford portraits in science",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0603/98017054-d.html;
                 http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?an=1013.01006",
  abstract =     "Traces the life and work of the man whose nineteenth
                 century inventions led to the development of the
                 computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-120) and
                 index. Traces the life and work of the man whose
                 nineteenth century inventions led to the development of
                 the computer.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematicians; Computers; History
                 Juvenile literature; England; Biography Juvenile
                 literature",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Decker:1998:AEI,
  author =       "Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield",
  title =        "The {Analytical Engine}: an introduction to computer
                 science using the {Internet}",
  publisher =    "PWS Publishing",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  pages =        "xx + 360",
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "0-534-95365-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-534-95365-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .D33344 1998",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:57:50 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; Internet",
}

@Article{Dolan:1998:RNC,
  author =       "Brian P. Dolan",
  title =        "Representing Novelty: {Charles Babbage}, {Charles
                 Lyell}, and Experiments in {Early Victorian} Geology",
  journal =      j-HIST-SCI-UK,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "299--327",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "HISCAR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1177/007327539803600303",
  ISSN =         "0073-2753 (print), 1753-8564 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0073-2753",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:00:44 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://hos.sagepub.com/content/vol36/issue3/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histsciuk.bib",
  URL =          "http://hos.sagepub.com/content/36/3/299.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "History of Science (UK)",
  journal-URL =  "http://hos.sagepub.com/content/by/year",
}

@Article{Williams:1998:LWC,
  author =       "M. R. (Michael R.) Williams",
  title =        "The {``Last} Word'' on {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--14",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.728225",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "01A55",
  MRnumber =     "1657567 (99i:01021)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/15706/00728225.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Andrews:1999:ABCa,
  author =       "George E. Andrews",
  title =        "$q$-analogs of the binomial coefficient congruences
                 of {Babbage}, {Wolstenholme} and {Glaisher}",
  journal =      j-DISCRETE-MATH,
  volume =       "204",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "15--25",
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "DSMHA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-365X(98)00364-1",
  ISSN =         "0012-365X (print), 1872-681X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0012-365X",
  MRclass =      "11B65 (05A30 11A07)",
  MRnumber =     "1691860 (2000f:11015)",
  MRreviewer =   "David M. Bressoud",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Discrete Mathematics",
}

@Article{Andrews:1999:ABCb,
  author =       "George E. Andrews",
  title =        "$q$-analogs of the binomial coefficient congruences of
                 {Babbage}, {Wolstenholme} and {Glaisher}",
  journal =      "Lithos",
  volume =       "151",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "15--25",
  day =          "6",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-365X(98)00364-1",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012365X98003641",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Daintith:1999:DS,
  editor =       "John Daintith and Derek Gjertsen",
  booktitle =    "A Dictionary of Scientists",
  title =        "A Dictionary of Scientists",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "586",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-585-11047-6 (e-book), 0-19-280086-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-585-11047-9 (e-book), 978-0-19-280086-2
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "Q141 .D52 1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:44 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/mandelbrot-benoit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  series =       "Oxford paperback reference",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0637/99488304-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0637/99488304-t.html;
                 http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=12306",
  abstract =     "From Archimedes and Copernicus to Stephen Hawking and
                 Stephen Jay Gould, this is the most authoritative and
                 up-to-date biographical dictionary of scientists
                 currently available. Compact yet comprehensive, it will
                 be invaluable reference for scientists, students, and
                 anyone with a general interest in science. Over 1,600
                 entries, spanning over 2,500 years; international range
                 covers all areas of science, from physics and astronomy
                 to medicine and ecology, including key figures in the
                 fields of mathematics and technology; clear
                 explanations of the science itself and its historical
                 significance; includes all Nobel Laureates in physics,
                 chemistry, and physiology or medicine; comprehensive
                 index of topics, and extensive network of
                 cross-references to related entries.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Albert Einstein; Alexander Fleming; Archimedes;
                 Beno{\^\i}t Mandlebrot; Bill Gates; Carl Sagan; Charles
                 Babbage; Charles Darwin; Copernicus; Cyril Burt;
                 Douglas Hofstadter; Ed Witten; Edmond Halley; Edwin
                 Hubble; Ernest Rutherford; Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger;
                 Francis Crick; Fred Hoyle; Galileo; Gregor Mendel;
                 Henri Poincar{\'e}; Isaac Newton; Jame Watson; Jonas
                 Salk; Julius Robert Oppenheimer; Konrad Lorenz; Lewis
                 Wolpert; Linus Pauling; Louis Pasteur; Marie Curie;
                 Michael Faraday; Peter Medawar; Pythagoras; Richard
                 Dawkins; Richard Leakey; Robert Boyle; Sigmund Freud;
                 Stephen Jay Gould; Edward Teller; Werner Heisenberg;
                 William Harvey",
  remark =       "Abridged and updated edition of \booktitle{The
                 encyclopedia of scientists}: Institute of Physics,
                 1993.",
  subject =      "scientists; biography; dictionaries",
}

@Article{Hershman:1999:DEI,
  author =       "Lynn Hershman",
  title =        "{Difference Engine \#3}",
  journal =      j-LEONARDO,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "269--270",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LEONDP",
  ISSN =         "0024-094X (print), 1530-9282 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0024-094X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1576718",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Leonardo (Oxford, England)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/leonardo",
}

@Article{Kim:1999:AFC,
  author =       "Eugene Eric Kim and Betty Alexandra Toole",
  title =        "{Ada} and the First Computer: The collaboration
                 between {Ada, Countess of Lovelace}, and computer
                 pioneer {Charles Babbage} resulted in a landmark
                 publication that described how to program the world's
                 first computer",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "280",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "76--81",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 13 06:19:18 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.sciam.com/1999/0509issue/0509quicksummary.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib; OCLC
                 Contents1st database",
  note =         "See also \cite{Almgren:2000:HWC}.",
  abstract =     "Augusta Ada King was countess of Lovelace and daughter
                 to the poet Lord Byron. More important, as a
                 mathematician, she extended Charles Babbage's work-on
                 his proposed Analytical Engine and published the first
                 in-depth paper on programming a computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  keywords =     "Bernoulli numbers",
  remark-1 =     "There are 11 page-range references to Charles Babbage
                 in the index of this book, and the section on pages
                 63--78 entitled \booktitle{Mr Babbage Versus the
                 Vigen{\`e}re Cipher} describes Babbage's cracking of
                 that cipher, which had recently been rediscovered by a
                 dentist in Bristol, UK, who, unaware of its first
                 discovery by Blaise de Vigen{\`e}re about 1565, applied
                 for a patent on the cipher. Babbage's papers contain an
                 extensive collection of work on cryptography, but a
                 planned book \booktitle{The Philosophy of Deciphering}
                 was never completed. Singh suggests that Babbage was
                 requested by the British Government to keep his
                 cryptographic work secret, because the Vigen{\`e}re
                 cipher was in wartime use by the British military in
                 the Crimea. Babbage's published works in this area
                 include only two brief papers in 1854 on decryption,
                 and a section in his 1864 book \booktitle{Passages from
                 the Life of a Philosopher}. Singh is, however,
                 incorrect in asserting that the Difference Engine No. 2
                 was a programmable device; it is Babbage's Analytical
                 Engine that has that honor.",
  remark-2 =     "From page 66: ``A century later, during the course of
                 the Second World War, the first electronic incarnations
                 of Babbage's machines would have a profound effect on
                 cryptanalysis, but, in his own lifetime, Babbage made
                 an equally important contribution to codebreaking: he
                 succeeded in breaking the Vigen{\`e}re cipher, and in
                 so doing he made the greatest breakthrough in
                 cryptanalysis since the Arab scholars of the ninth
                 century broke the monoalphabetic cipher by inventing
                 frequency analysis.''",
  tableofcontents = "The cipher of Mary Queen of Scots \\
                 Le chiffre ind{\'e}chiffrable \\
                 The mechanisation of secrecy \\
                 Cracking the Enigma \\
                 The language barrier \\
                 Alice and Bob go public \\
                 Pretty good privacy \\
                 A quantum leap into the future",
}

@Book{Singh:1999:CBE,
  author =       "Simon Singh",
  title =        "The code book: the evolution of secrecy from {Mary,
                 Queen of Scots}, to quantum cryptography",
  publisher =    pub-DOUBLEDAY,
  address =      pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 402",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-385-49531-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-385-49531-8",
  LCCN =         "Z103 .S56 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 06 16:25:40 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.sciam.com/1999/0509issue/0509quicksummary.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib; OCLC
                 Contents1st database",
  note =         "See also \cite{Almgren:2000:HWC}.",
  abstract =     "Augusta Ada King was countess of Lovelace and daughter
                 to the poet Lord Byron. More important, as a
                 mathematician, she extended Charles Babbage's work-on
                 his proposed Analytical Engine and published the first
                 in-depth paper on programming a computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  keywords =     "Bernoulli numbers",
  remark-1 =     "There are 11 page-range references to Charles Babbage
                 in the index of this book, and the section on pages
                 63--78 entitled \booktitle{Mr Babbage Versus the
                 Vigen{\`e}re Cipher} describes Babbage's cracking of
                 that cipher, which had recently been rediscovered by a
                 dentist in Bristol, UK, who, unaware of its first
                 discovery by Blaise de Vigen{\`e}re about 1565, applied
                 for a patent on the cipher. Babbage's papers contain an
                 extensive collection of work on cryptography, but a
                 planned book \booktitle{The Philosophy of Deciphering}
                 was never completed. Singh suggests that Babbage was
                 requested by the British Government to keep his
                 cryptographic work secret, because the Vigen{\`e}re
                 cipher was in wartime use by the British military in
                 the Crimea. Babbage's published works in this area
                 include only two brief papers in 1854 on decryption,
                 and a section in his 1864 book \booktitle{Passages from
                 the Life of a Philosopher}. Singh is, however,
                 incorrect in asserting that the Difference Engine No. 2
                 was a programmable device; it is Babbage's Analytical
                 Engine that has that honor.",
  remark-2 =     "From page 66: ``A century later, during the course of
                 the Second World War, the first electronic incarnations
                 of Babbage's machines would have a profound effect on
                 cryptanalysis, but, in his own lifetime, Babbage made
                 an equally important contribution to codebreaking: he
                 succeeded in breaking the Vigen{\`e}re cipher, and in
                 so doing he made the greatest breakthrough in
                 cryptanalysis since the Arab scholars of the ninth
                 century broke the monoalphabetic cipher by inventing
                 frequency analysis.''",
  tableofcontents = "The cipher of Mary Queen of Scots \\
                 Le chiffre ind{\'e}chiffrable \\
                 The mechanisation of secrecy \\
                 Cracking the Enigma \\
                 The language barrier \\
                 Alice and Bob go public \\
                 Pretty good privacy \\
                 A quantum leap into the future",
}

@Article{Spencer:1999:RAT,
  author =       "Nicholas Spencer",
  title =        "Rethinking Ambivalence: Technopolitics and the
                 {Luddites} in {William Gibson and Bruce Sterling's
                 ``The Difference Engine''}",
  journal =      "Contemporary Literature",
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "403--429",
  month =        "Autumn",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1208884",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Almgren:2000:HWC,
  author =       "Fredrik Almgren and Gunnar Andersson and Torbj{\"o}rn
                 Granlund and Lars Ivansson and Staffan Ulfberg",
  title =        "How We Cracked the {Code Book} Ciphers",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "40",
  day =          "11",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 17 10:51:00 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Singh:1999:CBE}.",
  URL =          "http://frode.home.cern.ch/frode/crypto/codebook_solution.pdf;
                 http://www.simonsingh.com/cipher.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:RPA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Reviews: {Peggy Aldrich Kidwell: The Cogwheel Brain:
                 Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First
                 Computer: Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush, Engineer of
                 the American Century: Dorothy Hodgkin: a Life: ENIAC:
                 The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First
                 Computer: Inventing the Internet: Meaning in
                 Technology}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--63",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2000.887990",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Atkinson:2000:DEE,
  author =       "Paul Atkinson",
  title =        "The (In){Difference} Engine: Explaining the
                 Disappearance of Diversity in the Design of the
                 Personal Computer",
  journal =      j-J-DES-HIST,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--72",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  ISSN =         "0952-4649 (print), 1741-7279 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0952-4649",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Design History",
}

@Article{Baran:2000:NVB,
  author =       "Nicholas Baran",
  title =        "News and Views: 108-bit Elliptic Curve Cryptographic
                 Key Found; New Algorithm Cracks the Stock Market; First
                 Complete {Babbage} Printer Unveiled; {XrML} View to Be
                 Digital Rights Standard; {PKWare} Founder [{Phil Katz}]
                 Dies Unexpectedly",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 08:25:16 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/dr-dobbs-2000.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ddj.com/",
}

@Article{Bromley:2000:BAE,
  author =       "Allan G. Bromley",
  title =        "{Babbage's Analytical Engine Plans 28 and 28a}. {The}
                 programmer's interface",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--19",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.887986",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "68-03 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "1790641",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "With an introduction by Maurice V. Wilkes",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4005.pdf;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887986.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/a4005abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  xxpages =      "5--19",
}

@Article{Buchholz:2000:WBC,
  author =       "W. Buchholz and M. Wilkes",
  title =        "Was {Babbage} caught in the act?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69--70",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2000.887996",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887996.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2000:CBE,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} eulogy",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20--21",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2000.887987",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4020.pdf;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887987.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Dodge:2000:CBE,
  author =       "Nathaniel Shatswell Dodge",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} eulogy (from the {Smithsonian Annual
                 Report of 1873})",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "22--43",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2000.887988",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "68-03 (01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "1790643",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of the 1873 original, With an introduction by
                 Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4022.pdf;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887988.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/a4022abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Jensen:2000:WWE,
  author =       "Peter R. Jensen",
  title =        "From the wireless to the web: the evolution of
                 telecommunications, 1901--2001",
  publisher =    "University of New South Wales Press",
  address =      "Sydney, NSW, Australia",
  pages =        "306",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-86840-458-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-86840-458-5",
  LCCN =         "TK5102.2 .J46 2000",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:41:46 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Telecommunication; History; 20th century",
  tableofcontents = "Early communications (before 1901) \\
                 Babbage --- frustrated genius (the mid-1800s) \\
                 Marconi's gamble (1901) \\
                 Telecommunication (1901 to 1914). Feature: Spark
                 transmission methods \\
                 The Mawson expedition (1911 to 1912) \\
                 Wireless in the First World War (1914 to 1918).
                 Feature: Reception before the valve \\
                 Radio dinosaurs (1918 to 1922) \\
                 Communications developments (1918 to 1938). Feature:
                 Farnsworth and Zworykin \\
                 Waves in the air (1918 to 1939) \\
                 Comptometry and analysis (1871 to 1939). Feature:
                 Typewriters and data entry \\
                 Radio at war (1939 to 1945) \\
                 Codes, ciphers and colossus (1939 to 1945) \\
                 Solid state and silicon chip (1945 to 1975). Feature:
                 Values, reception and transmission \\
                 Creation of the computer (1945 to 1975) \\
                 Links in the Web (1901 to 1995) \\
                 Communications on the move (1927 to the present).
                 Feature: Hams and hackers \\
                 Microcomputer revolution (1975 to the present) \\
                 Micro-comms (Beyond 2000)",
}

@Article{Sussman:2000:BRB,
  author =       "Herbert Sussman",
  title =        "Book Review: Machine Dreams: The Culture of
                 Technology",
  journal =      j-VIC-LIT-CULT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "197--204",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  ISSN =         "1060-1503 (print), 1470-1553 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1060-1503",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25058498",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Victorian Literature and Culture",
  remark =       "Review of several works by, and about, Charles
                 Babbage.",
}

@Article{Sussman:2000:BRM,
  author =       "Herbert Sussman",
  title =        "Book Review: Machine Dreams: The Culture of
                 Technology: {{\booktitle{The Economy of Machinery and
                 Manufactures}}}",
  journal =      j-VIC-LIT-CULT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "197--204",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  ISSN =         "1060-1503 (print), 1470-1553 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1060-1503",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25058498",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Victorian Literature and Culture",
}

@Book{Swade:2000:CBC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The Cogwheel Brain: {Charles Babbage} and the Quest to
                 Build the First Computer",
  publisher =    pub-LITTLE-BROWN,
  address =      pub-LITTLE-BROWN:adr,
  pages =        "x + 342 + 16",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-316-64847-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-316-64847-9",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S93 2000",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  URL =          "http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017.12/366197;
                 http://www.gbv.de/dms/bsz/toc/bsz086755331inh.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematicians; Great Britain;
                 Biography; Calculators; History",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgements / vii \\
                 A Note on the Value of Money in the Nineteenth Century
                 / x \\
                 Preface / 1 \\
                 Part I: The Difference Engine \\
                 1 The Tables Crisis / 9 \\
                 2 A Personal Question / 32 \\
                 3 Tragedy and Decline / 49 \\
                 4 Miracles and Machines / 72 \\
                 Part II: The Analytical Engine \\
                 5 Breakthrough / 91 \\
                 6 Applause in Turin / U4 \\
                 7 The Astronomer Royal Objects / 134 \\
                 8 The Enchantress of Number / 155 \\
                 9 Intrigues of Science / 172 \\
                 10 Visionaries and Pragmatists / 193 \\
                 11 Curtain Call / 210 \\
                 Part III: A Modern Sequel \\
                 12 Here We Go Again / 221 \\
                 13 The Trial Piece / 232 \\
                 14 The Money / 252 \\
                 15 The Deal / 269 \\
                 16 The Build / 283 \\
                 17 The `Irascible Genius' Redeemed / 296 \\
                 18 The Modern Legacy / 308 \\
                 Charles Babbage: Biographical Note / 319 \\
                 Bibliography / 321 \\
                 Credits / 332 \\
                 Index / 333",
}

@Book{Swade:2000:DEC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The {Difference Engine}: {Charles Babbage} and the
                 quest to build the first computer",
  publisher =    pub-PENGUIN,
  address =      pub-PENGUIN:adr,
  pages =        "x + 342 + 16",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-14-200144-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-14-200144-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S954 2002",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Calculators; Great Britain; History; 19th century;
                 Babbage, Charles",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  tableofcontents = "A: note on the value of money in the nineteenth
                 century \\
                 Part 1. The difference engine \\
                 1. The tables crisis \\
                 2. A personal question \\
                 3. Tragedy and decline \\
                 4. Miracles and machines \\
                 Part 2 The analytical engine \\
                 5. Breakthrough \\
                 6. Applause in Turin \\
                 7. The Astronomer Royal objects \\
                 8. The enchantress of number \\
                 9. Intrigues of science \\
                 10. Visionaries and pragmatists \\
                 11. Curtain call \\
                 Part 3. A modern sequel \\
                 12. Here we go again \\
                 13. The trial piece \\
                 14. The money \\
                 15. The deal \\
                 16 The build \\
                 17. The 'irascible genius' redeemed \\
                 18. The modern legacy",
  xxyear =       "2002",
}

@Article{Thimbleby:2000:CNB,
  author =       "Harold Thimbleby",
  title =        "Calculators are needlessly bad",
  journal =      "International Journal of Human-Computer Studies",
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1031--1069",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1999.0341",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581999903415",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Wilkes:2000:CBC,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes",
  title =        "The cogwheel brain: {Charles Babbage} and the quest to
                 build the first computer [Book Review]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--63",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2000.887990",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887990.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Wilkes:2000:CQD,
  author =       "Maurice Wilkes",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debates: Was {Babbage} caught
                 in the act?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69--70",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2000.887996",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:23:01 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4069.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Wilkes:2000:IBA,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Introduction to {``Babbage's Analytical Engine Plans
                 28 and 28a --- The Programmer's Interface''} by {Allan
                 Bromley}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--5",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2000.887985",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:47 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2000/pdf/a4004.pdf;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/85/19196/00887985.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2000/a4004abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Agar:2001:TUM,
  author =       "Jon Agar",
  title =        "{Turing} and the universal machine: the making of the
                 modern computer",
  publisher =    "Icon",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  pages =        "iv + 153",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-84046-250-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-84046-250-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.T87 A43 2001",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 19 18:28:11 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  series =       "Revolutions in science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  subject =      "Turing, Alan Mathison; Babbage, Charles; Computers;
                 History",
  subject-dates = "1912--1954; 1791--1871",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2001:BRB,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Book Review: Bits and Wheels: {Doron Swade,
                 \booktitle{The cogwheel brain: Charles Babbage and the
                 quest to build the first computer}. Little, Brown \&
                 Co., London, 2000. Pp. x + 342, \pounds 14.99
                 (hardback). ISBN 0-316-64847-7}",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "339--340",
  day =          "22",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2001.0148",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/532109",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2001:CBE,
  author =       "M. Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the engines of perfection
                 [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "78--78",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2001.948910",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3078abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:2001:CBI,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The {Charles Babbage Institute} Reprint Series for the
                 History of Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "44--48",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a4044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4044.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Champion:2001:CB,
  author =       "Neil Champion",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    "Heinemann Library",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  pages =        "48",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-431-10460-3 (paperback), 0-431-10448-4 (cased),
                 1-57572-367-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-431-10460-7 (paperback), 978-0-431-10448-5
                 (cased), 978-1-57572-367-9",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2 C48 2000",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:40:07 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  series =       "Groundbreakers",
  abstract =     "Examines the life and contributions of the English
                 mathematician and inventor, whose work with calculating
                 machines caused him to be called the father of the
                 modern computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Juvenile literature; Mathematicians;
                 Great Britain; Biography",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Fogg:2001:BR,
  author =       "G. E. {Fogg, C.B.E., F.R.S.}",
  title =        "Book reviews",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "331--346",
  day =          "22",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2001.0148",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 10:59:54 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  abstract =     "Nine book reviews in the May 2001 issue of
                 \booktitle{Notes and Records}: \booktitle{Voyages of
                 discovery: three centuries of natural history
                 exploration}, by T. Rice, reviewed by G. E. Fogg.
                 \booktitle{Charles Darwin's Zoology Notes \& specimen
                 lists from H.M.S. Beagle}, R. Keynes (ed.), reviewed by
                 P. R. Grant. \booktitle{Enlightenment: Britain and the
                 creation of the modern world}, by R. Porter, reviewed
                 by P. Fara. \booktitle{Ice blink: the tragic fate of
                 Sir John Franklin's lost polar expedition}, by S.
                 Cookman, reviewed by G. F. Hattersley-Smith.
                 \booktitle{The cogwheel brain: Charles Babbage and the
                 quest to build the first computer}, by D. Swade,
                 reviewed by M. Campbell-Kelly. \booktitle{The symbolic
                 species: the co-evolution of language and the human
                 brain}, by T. Deacon, reviewed by T. Briscoe.
                 \booktitle{Defining features: scientific and medical
                 portraits, 1660--2000}, by L. Jordanova, reviewed by J.
                 Rowlinson. \booktitle{Against the tide: an
                 autobiographical account of a professional outsider},
                 by L. C. Woods, reviewed by J. T. Stuart. \booktitle{A
                 passion for DNA}, by J. D. Watson, reviewed by J.
                 Postgate.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "22 May 2001",
}

@InCollection{Gigerenzer:2001:DCI,
  author =       "G. Gigerenzer",
  editor =       "Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes",
  booktitle =    "International Encyclopedia of the Social \& Behavioral
                 Sciences",
  title =        "Digital Computer: Impact on the Social Sciences",
  publisher =    pub-ELSEVIER,
  address =      pub-ELSEVIER:adr,
  pages =        "3684--3688",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2001",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/00101-7",
  ISBN =         "0-08-043076-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-08-043076-8",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080430767001017",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-URL =     "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/referenceworks/9780080430768",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@InCollection{Green:2001:CBA,
  author =       "Christopher D. Green",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}, the analytical engine, and the
                 possibility of a 19th-century cognitive science",
  crossref =     "Green:2001:TPI",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 08:12:28 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Norberg:2001:PHC,
  author =       "Arthur L. Norberg",
  title =        "A perspective on the history of the {Charles} {Babbage
                 Institute} and the {Charles Babbage} {Foundation}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12--23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.969958",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "01A74 (68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1871770 (2002i:01027)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a4012.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an2001/a4012abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Swade:2001:CBC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The cogwheel brain: {Charles Babbage} and the quest to
                 build the first computer",
  publisher =    "Abacus",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "352 + 16",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-349-11239-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-349-11239-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S954 2001",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:40:07 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Originally published: London: Little, Brown, 2000.",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Mathematicians; Great Britain;
                 Biography; Calculators; History",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Book{Swade:2001:DEC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  key =          "Swade-DE",
  booktitle =    "The {Difference Engine}: {Charles Babbage} and the
                 Quest to Build the First Computer",
  title =        "The {Difference Engine}: {Charles Babbage} and the
                 Quest to Build the First Computer",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "x + 342 + 16",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-670-91020-1, 0-14-200144-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-670-91020-5, 978-0-14-200144-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S954 2001",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9780670910205.pdf;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy034/00068643.html;
                 http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?an=1017.01006",
  abstract-1 =   "In 1821, Charles Babbage was reviewing a set of
                 mathematical tables with a colleague in preparation for
                 a scientific presentation when, after finding a wealth
                 of errors, he exclaimed in frustration, ``I wish to God
                 these calculations had been executed by steam!'' With
                 this outburst, Babbage began to envision an end to
                 human errors in the numerical tables upon which
                 finance, trade, science, and navigation relied. The
                 Difference Engine is the fascinating story of his
                 heroic quest, against all odds, to build the first
                 computing machine more than one hundred years before
                 the modern computer we use today was invented. Set
                 against the politics and science of the explosive early
                 Victorian era, The Difference Engine is a thrilling
                 tale of Babbage's exuberant determination. Like
                 Longitude, The Difference Engine is a fascinating
                 portrait of the human story behind a pivotal moment in
                 history and one of the most influential inventions of
                 our time. Forensic anthropologist Maples revisits his
                 strangest, most interesting, and most horrific
                 investigations, from gruesome and baffling
                 dismemberment cases to the revelation of the identity
                 of long-buried skeletons. ``These tales of crime
                 unmasked by science are compelling in their own
                 right.''.",
  abstract-2 =   "In 1821 an inventor and mathematician, Charles
                 Babbage, was poring over a set of mathematical tables.
                 Finding error after error Babbage exclaimed, ''I wish
                 to God these calculations had been executed by steam.``
                 His frustration was not simply at the grindingly
                 tedious labor of checking manually evaluated tables,
                 but at their daunting unreliability. Science,
                 engineering, construction, banking, and insurance
                 depended on tables for calculation. Ships navigating by
                 the stars relied on them to find their positions at
                 sea.''. ``Babbage launched himself on a grand venture
                 to design and build mechanical calculating engines that
                 would eliminate such errors. His bid to build
                 infallible machines is a saga of ingenuity and will,
                 which led beyond mechanized arithmetic into the
                 entirely new realm of computing. Through Ada, Countess
                 of Lovelace and daughter of Lord Byron, we gain
                 tantalizing insights into how at least one Victorian
                 glimpsed the promise of what was to come. Babbage
                 springs out of history like a jack-in-the-box: a
                 gentleman philosopher, a tireless inventor, a vigorous
                 socialite, and a mesmerizing raconteur. `Mr. Babbage is
                 coming to dinner' was a coup for any hostess.''
                 ``Drawing on previously unused archival material, The
                 Difference Engine is a tale of both Babbage's
                 nineteenth-century quest to build a calculating engine
                 and its twentieth-century sequel. For in 1991,
                 Babbage's vision was finally realized, at least in
                 part, by the completion at the Science Museum in London
                 of the first full-sized Babbage engine, finished in
                 time for the 200th anniversary of Babbage's birth. The
                 two quests are mutually illuminating and are recounted
                 here by the then Curator of Computing, Doron Swade ---
                 one of the main protagonists of the successful
                 resumption of Babbage's extraordinary work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Calculators; Great Britain; History; 19th century;
                 Babbage, Charles",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgements / vii \\
                 A Note on the Value of Money in the Nineteenth Century
                 / x \\
                 Preface / 1 \\
                 Part I. The Difference Engine \\
                 1: The Tables Crisis / 9 \\
                 2: A Personal Question / 32 \\
                 3: Tragedy and Decline / 49 \\
                 4: Miracles and Machines / 72 \\
                 Part II. The Analytical Engine \\
                 5: Breakthrough / 91 \\
                 6: Applause in Turin / 114 \\
                 7: The Astronomer Royal Objects / 134 \\
                 8: The Enchantress of Number / 155 \\
                 9: Intrigues of Science / 172 \\
                 10: Visionaries and Pragmatists / 193 \\
                 11: Curtain Call / 210 \\
                 Part III. A Modern Sequel \\
                 12: Here We Go Again / 221 \\
                 13: The Trial Piece / 232 \\
                 14: The Money / 252 \\
                 15: The Deal / 269 \\
                 16: The Build / 283 \\
                 17: The `Irascible Genius' Redeemed / 296 \\
                 18: The Modern Legacy / 308 \\
                 Charles Babbage: Biographical Note / 319 \\
                 Bibliography / 321 \\
                 Credits / 332 \\
                 Index / 333",
}

@InCollection{Swade:2001:EN,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The Enchantress of Number",
  crossref =     "Swade:2001:DEC",
  chapter =      "8",
  pages =        "155--171",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 12 06:40:32 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace; Charles
                 Babbage",
}

@Book{Allaby:2002:MS,
  author =       "Michael Allaby and Derek Gjertsen",
  title =        "Makers of Science",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "96 (vol. 1)",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-19-521680-6 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-521680-6 (set)",
  LCCN =         "Q141 .A44 2002",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  series =       "Makers of science",
  URL =          "http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/360423353.pdf;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0611/2001048396-d.html",
  abstract =     "Five volumes present the lives and work of more than
                 40 great Western physicists, chemists, biologists,
                 physiologists, and more. Each biography includes two
                 timelines: scientific and political-cultural.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Scientists; Biography; Science; History",
  tableofcontents = "Volume 1: \\
                 Aristotle (384 BC--322 BC)\\
                 Nicolaus Copernicus (1473--1543) \\
                 Galileo Galilei (1564--1642)\\
                 Johannes Kepler (1571--1630) \\
                 Isaac Newton (1642--1727) \\
                 Carolus Linnaeus (1707--1778) \\
                 Antoine Lavoisier (1743--1794) \\
                 Volume 2: \\
                 James Watt (1736--1819) / 6 \\
                 Edward Jenner (1749--1823) / 16 \\
                 Alexander Von Humboldt (1769--1859) / 24 \\
                 Michael Faraday (1791--1867) / 40 \\
                 Charles Darwin (1809--1882) / 54 \\
                 Charles Babbage \& Ada Lovelace (1792--1871,
                 1815--1852) / 68 \\
                 Louis Pasteur (1822--1895) / 76 \\
                 Gregor Mendel (1822--1884) / 86 \\
                 Index / 94 \\
                 Picture Credits / 96 \\
                 Volume 3: \\
                 Dmitri Mendeleev / 1834--1907 \\
                 Thomas Alva Edison / 1847--1931 \\
                 Alexander Graham Bell / 1847--1922 \\
                 Marie and Pierre Curie / 1867--1934, 1859--1906 \\
                 Fritz Haber / 1868--1934 \\
                 Albert Einstein / 1879--1955 \\
                 Alfred Wegener / 1880--1930 \\
                 Alexander Fleming / 1881--1955 \\
                 Volume 4: \\
                 Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg / 1885--1962,
                 1901--1976 \\
                 Edwin Hubble / 1889--1953 \\
                 Linus Pauling / 1901--1994 \\
                 Barbara McClintock / 1902--1992 \\
                 Louis, Mary, and Richard Leakey / 1903--1972,
                 1913--1996, 1944--present \\
                 Julius Robert Oppenheimer / 1904--1967 \\
                 Melvin Calvin / 1911--1997 \\
                 Alan Turing / 1912--1954 \\
                 Jonas Salk / 1914--1995 \\
                 Gertrude Belle Elion / 1918--1999 \\
                 Volume 5: \\
                 Richard Feynman / 1918--1988 \\
                 Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and James Watson /
                 1916--present, 1920--1958, 1928--present \\
                 Stephen Hawking / 1942--present",
}

@Article{Ashworth:2002:BRB,
  author =       "William J. Ashworth",
  title =        "Book Review: {Bruce Collier; James MacLachlan:
                 \booktitle{Charles Babbage and the Engines of
                 Perfection}}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "127--128",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/343300",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:30:39 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/isis.2002.93.issue-1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis2000.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/343300;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/10.1086/343300.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Article{Gooch:2002:LWC,
  author =       "Joanna Gooch",
  title =        "The life and works of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-MATH-TODAY,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "119--123",
  year =         "2002",
  ISSN =         "1361-2042",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "1927022",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://ima.org.uk/activities/publications/mathematics_today.cfm.html",
}

@Book{Harman:2002:CSM,
  editor =       "P. M. (Peter Michael) Harman and Simon Mitton",
  title =        "{Cambridge} scientific minds",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 343",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-521-78100-0 (hardback), 0-521-78612-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-78100-8 (hardback), 978-0-521-78612-6
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "Q141 .C1283 2002",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:48 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Science; history; England",
  tableofcontents = "William Gilbert / Stephen Pumfrey \\
                 William Harvey / Andrew Cunningham \\
                 Isaac Newton: creator of the Cambridge scientific
                 tradition / Rupert Hall \\
                 William Whewell: a Cambridge historian and philosopher
                 of science / Richard Yeo \\
                 Adam Sedgwick: a confident mind in turmoil / David
                 Oldroyd \\
                 Charles Babbage: science and reform / Anthony Hyman \\
                 Charles Darwin / Peter J. Bowler \\
                 Stokes and Kelvin, Cambridge and Glasgow, light and
                 heat / David B. Wilson \\
                 James Clerk Maxwell / Simon Schaffer \\
                 Duo from Trinity: A. N. Whitehead and Bertrand Russell
                 on the foundations of mathematics, 1895--1925 / Ivor
                 Grattan-Guinness \\
                 Thomson, Rutherford and atomic physics at the Cavendish
                 \\
                 / Brian Pippard \\
                 Hopkins and biochemistry / Harmke Kamminga \\
                 Charles Sherrington, E. D. Adrian, and Henry Dale: the
                 Cambridge Physiological Laboratory and the physiology
                 of the nervous system / E. M. Tansey \\
                 Hardy and Littlewood / Robin J. Wilson \\
                 Arthur Stanley Eddington / Malcolm Lonair \\
                 Paul Dirac: a quantum genius / Helge Kragh \\
                 Alan Turing / Andrew Hodges \\
                 Francis Crick and James Watson / Robert Olby \\
                 Mary Cartwright / Tom Korner \\
                 Joseph Needham / Gregory Blue \\
                 Molecular biology in Cambridge / M. F. Perutz \\
                 Discovery of pulsars-prelude and aftermath / Anthony
                 Hewish \\
                 Stephen W. Hawking / Simon Mitton",
}

@InCollection{Hyman:2002:CBS,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  booktitle =    "Cambridge scientific minds",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: science and reform",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "79--93",
  year =         "2002",
  MRclass =      "01A70",
  MRnumber =     "2132159",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mullins:2002:UDR,
  author =       "Justin Mullins",
  title =        "The ultimate domino rally",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "2367",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "2",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:18:36 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17623671.300-the-ultimate-domino-rally.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
  remark =       "From the article: ``His computer is unlike any desktop
                 PC's processor. For a start, it is a mechanical device
                 that has more in common with the Difference Engine
                 built by Charles Babbage in the 19th century than with
                 today's electronic chips. ''",
}

@Article{Richardson:2002:BO,
  author =       "Ruth Richardson",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s ophthalmoscope",
  journal =      j-LANCET,
  volume =       "359",
  number =       "9304",
  pages =        "450",
  day =          "2",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LANCAO",
  ISSN =         "0140-6736 (print), 1474-547X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0140-6736",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673602076109",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Lancet (London, England)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01406736",
}

@Article{Schwarz:2002:FB,
  author =       "K. K. Schwarz",
  title =        "{Faraday} and {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "367--381",
  day =          "22",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2002.0189",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "1938584 (2003i:01035)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 11:00:24 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "22 September 2002",
}

@Book{Spiller:2002:CR,
  author =       "Neil Spiller",
  title =        "Cyber reader",
  publisher =    "Phaidon",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "319",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-7148-4071-8 hardcover",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7148-4071-0 hardcover",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C66 C894 2002",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computers and civilization; Cyberspace; Social
                 aspects; Cyberspace in literature; Fiction",
  tableofcontents = "Of the Analytical Engine, 1864 / Charles Babbage
                 \\
                 The Machine Stops, 1909 / E. M. Forster \\
                 As We May Think, 1945 / Vannevar Bush \\
                 Essays of Operation, 1989 / J. D. Bolter \\
                 Organization of the Message, 1950 / Norbert Wiener \\
                 Man-Computer Symbiosis, 1960 / J. C. R. Licklider \\
                 Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework,
                 1962 / Douglas Engelbart \\
                 The Gadget Lover: Narcissus as Narcosis, 1964 /
                 Marshall McLuhan \\
                 The Architectural Relevance of Cybernetics, 1969 /
                 Gordon Pask \\
                 Generator Project, 1976 / Cedric Price \\
                 The Aesthetics of Disappearance, 1980 / Paul Virilio
                 \\
                 A Thousand Plateaux: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, 1980
                 / Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari \\
                 Neuromancer, 1984 / William Gibson \\
                 A Cyborg Manifesto, 1985 / Donna Haraway \\
                 Engines of Abundance, 1990 / K. Eric Drexler \\
                 Queen of Angels, 1990 / Greg Bear \\
                 The Difference Engine, 1991 / William Gibson and Bruce
                 Sterling \\
                 The Origins of Drama and the Future of Fun, 1991 /
                 Howard Rheingold \\
                 Policing the Spectrum, 1991 / Manuel De Landa \\
                 Liquid Architectures in Cyberspace, 1991 / Marcos Novak
                 \\
                 An Empirical Theory of the Mind: The Evolution of
                 Consciousness, 1992 / Daniel C. Dennett \\
                 Snow Crash, 1992 / Neal Stephenson \\
                 Indhold (fortsat): The Strong Claim, 1992 / Steven Levy
                 \\
                 Life in a Computer, 1993 / Roger Lewin \\
                 Stash Riders, 1993 / Jeff Noon \\
                 Techgnosis, Magic, Memory, and the Angels of
                 Information, 1993 / Erik Davis \\
                 Terminal Resistance/Cyborg Acceptance, 1993 / Scott
                 Bukatman \\
                 Feminism for the Incurably Informed, 1993 / Anne
                 Balsamo \\
                 Constructions and Reconstructions of the Self in
                 Virtual Reality, 1994 / Sherry Turkle \\
                 An Open Universe, 1994 / Kevin Kelly \\
                 Permutation City, 1994 / Greg Egan \\
                 Soft Cities, 1995 / William Mitchell \\
                 When I Enter Virtual Reality, What Body Will I Leave
                 Behind?, 1995 / Karen A. Franck \\
                 A Natural Model for Architecture/The Nature of the
                 Evolutionary Body, 1995 / John Frazer \\
                 Iconographics, 1995 / Nicholas Negroponte \\
                 Towards the Post-Human, 1995 / Stelarc \\
                 A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 1996 /
                 John Perry Barlow \\
                 Robocopulation: Sex Times Technology Equals the Future,
                 1996 / Mark Dery \\
                 The Senses Have No Future, 1998 / Hans Moravec \\
                 The Virtual Reality of the Tea Ceremony, 1998 / Michael
                 Heim \\
                 Hertzian Space, 1999 / Anthony Dunne \\
                 The Pearly Gates of Cyberspace, 1999 / Margaret
                 Wertheim \\
                 Vacillating Objects, 1999 / Neil Spiller",
}

@Book{Swade:2002:DEC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The {Difference Engine}: {Charles Babbage} and the
                 quest to build the first computer",
  publisher =    pub-PENGUIN,
  address =      pub-PENGUIN:adr,
  pages =        "x + 342 + 16",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-14-200144-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-14-200144-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S954 2002",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgements / vii \\
                 A Note on the Value of Money in the Nineteenth Century
                 / x \\
                 Preface / 1 \\
                 Part I. The Difference Engine \\
                 Chapter 1 The Tables Crisis / 9 \\
                 Chapter 2 A Personal Question / 32 \\
                 Chapter 3 Tragedy and Decline / 49 \\
                 Chapter 4 Miracles and Machines / 72 \\
                 Part II. The Analytical Engine \\
                 Chapter 5 Breakthrough / 91 \\
                 Chapter 6 Applause in Turin / 114 \\
                 Chapter 7 The Astronomer Royal Objects / 134 \\
                 Chapter 8 The Enchantress of Number / 155 \\
                 Chapter 9 Intrigues of Science / 172 \\
                 Chapter 10 Visionaries and Pragmatists / 193 \\
                 Chapter 11 Curtain Call / 210 \\
                 Part III. A Modern Sequel \\
                 Chapter 12 Here We Go Again / 221 \\
                 Chapter 13 The Trial Piece / 232 \\
                 Chapter 14 The Money / 252 \\
                 Chapter 15 The Deal / 269 \\
                 Chapter 16 The Build / 283 \\
                 Chapter 17 The 'Irascible Genius' Redeemed / 296 \\
                 Chapter 18 The Modern Legacy / 308 \\
                 Charles Babbage: Biographical Note / 319 \\
                 Bibliography / 321 \\
                 Credits / 332 \\
                 Index / 333",
}

@Book{Swade:2002:DEH,
  author =       "Doron Swade and Charles Babbage",
  title =        "The {Difference Engine}: {Charles Babbage} and the
                 quest to build the first computer",
  publisher =    "Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic",
  address =      "Princeton, NJ, USA",
  pages =        "1 sound disc + x + 342 + 16",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-14-200144-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-14-200144-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 10:30:56 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  abstract =     "In 1821 an inventor and mathematician named Charles
                 Babbage was reviewing a set of mathematical tables.
                 After finding an excess of errors in the results, he
                 exclaimed, ``I wish to God these calculations had been
                 executed by steam.'' Thus began Babbage's lifelong
                 enterprise to design and build a mechanical calculating
                 engine --- the world's first computer. Drawing on
                 Babbage's original notes and designs, [the author]
                 recounts both Babbage's nineteenth-century quest to
                 build a calculating machine --- the Difference Engine
                 --- and Swade's own successful attempt to build the
                 first complete Babbage engine to original designs in
                 time for the bicentenary of Babbage's birth.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Calculators; Great Britain; History;
                 19th century",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  tableofcontents = "The Difference engine \\
                 Tables crisis \\
                 Personal question \\
                 Tragedy and decline \\
                 Miracles and machines \\
                 Analytical engine \\
                 Breakthrough \\
                 Applause in Turin \\
                 Astronomer Royal objects \\
                 Enchantress of number \\
                 Intrigues of science \\
                 Visionaries and pragmatists \\
                 Curtain call \\
                 Modern sequel \\
                 Here we go again \\
                 Trial piece \\
                 Money \\
                 Deal \\
                 Build \\
                 'Irascible genius' redeemed \\
                 Modern legacy",
}

@InCollection{Tomas:2002:IHL,
  author =       "David Tomas",
  title =        "On the Imagination's Horizon Line: Uchronic Histories,
                 Protocybernetic Contact, and {Charles Babbage}'s
                 Calculating Engines",
  crossref =     "Clarke:2002:EIR",
  pages =        "217--234",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 10:16:42 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:2002:CBH,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and his world",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "353--365",
  day =          "22",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2002.0188",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (01A55 58-03)",
  MRnumber =     "1938583 (2003j:01040)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 11:00:24 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3557738",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "22 September 2002",
}

@Book{Yost:2002:BGR,
  author =       "Jeffrey R. Yost",
  title =        "A Bibliographic Guide to Resources in Scientific
                 Computing, 1945--1975",
  volume =       "15",
  publisher =    pub-GREENWOOD,
  address =      pub-GREENWOOD:adr,
  pages =        "263",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-313-31681-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-313-31681-4",
  LCCN =         "Z7405.D37 Y67 2002; Q183.9",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 08:05:33 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/numana2000.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Bibliographies and indexes in library and information
                 science, 0742-6879",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy035/2002069622.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Academic Press; Allen Newell; Annals of the History of
                 Computing; Charles Babbage Institute; Great Britain;
                 Harvard University New!; International Business
                 Machines; John Wiley; Kurt Enslein; Massachusetts
                 Institute of Technology; Medical Symposium; National
                 Bureau of Standards; National Physical Laboratory; New
                 York; Nicholas Metropolis; Rand Corporation; Scientific
                 American; Scientific Computing Symposium; Stanford
                 University; The Macmillan Company; United States;
                 University of Illinois; University of Michigan;
                 University of Minnesota; World War",
  remark =       "Includes indexes.",
  subject =      "Science; Data processing; Bibliography",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2003:BLT,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Logarithm Tables",
  year =         "2003",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:25 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.vu.edu.au:210/INNOPAC",
  URL =          "http://www.archive.org/details/BabbagesLogarithmTables",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Online reproduction of \cite{Babbage:1915:TLN}. Many
                 parts are faint, and often illegible.",
}

@Book{Bizup:2003:MCV,
  author =       "Joseph Bizup",
  title =        "Manufacturing culture: vindications of early
                 {Victorian} industry",
  publisher =    "University of Virginia Press",
  address =      "Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  pages =        "xii + 229",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-8139-2246-1 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8139-2246-1 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "DA533 .B57 2003",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:25 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN",
  series =       "Victorian literature and culture series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Industries; Great Britain; History; 19th century;
                 English literature; History and criticism; Industries
                 in literature; Civilization; Victoria, 1837--1901",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction: industry as culture in
                 nineteenth-century Britain \\
                 One co-operative body: the rhetoric of the factory
                 system \\
                 Beautiful combinations: abstraction and technological
                 beauty in the works of Charles Babbage \\
                 A debilitated race: savageness in social investigation
                 and design theory \\
                 Appropriate beauty: the work of ornament in the age of
                 mechanical reproduction \\
                 What you ought to learn: industrial culture and the
                 Exhibition of 1851 \\
                 Only a machine before: manliness and mechanism in
                 Ruskin and Morris",
}

@Book{Clayton:2003:CDC,
  author =       "Jay Clayton",
  title =        "{Charles Dickens} in cyberspace: the afterlife of the
                 nineteenth century in postmodern culture",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "x + 270",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-19-516051-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-516051-2",
  LCCN =         "PR451 .C58 2003",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:41:46 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "English literature; 19th century; History and
                 criticism; Theory, etc; Dickens, Charles; Appreciation;
                 United States; Criticism; History; 20th century;
                 Civilization; British influences; Great Britain;
                 Postmodernism (Literature); Literature and science;
                 Romanticism",
  subject-dates = "1812--1870",
  tableofcontents = "Dickens browses the World Wide Web \\
                 The past in the future of cultural studies: Crystal
                 Palace in Millennium Dome \\
                 The voice in the machine: Haslitt, Austen, Hardy, and
                 James \\
                 Undisciplined cultures: Peacock, Mary Somerville, and
                 Mr. Pickwick \\
                 Hacking the Nineteenth Century: Babbage and Lovelace in
                 The Difference Engine and Arcadia \\
                 Concealed circuits: Frankenstein's monster, replicants,
                 and cyborgs \\
                 Is pip postmodern? Or, Dickens at the turn of the
                 Millennium \\
                 Genome time: new age evolution, The Gold Bug
                 variations, and Gattaca \\
                 Convergence of the two cultures: a geek's guide",
}

@Book{Fuegi:2003:ABL,
  author =       "John Fuegi and Jo Francis and Maisie Tomlinson and
                 Steven Crossley and Georgina Terry and others",
  title =        "{Ada Byron Lovelace} [videorecording]: to dream
                 tomorrow",
  publisher =    "Flare Productions",
  address =      "Adelphi, MD, USA",
  pages =        "1 videodisc (53 min.)",
  year =         "2003",
  LCCN =         "QA29.L72 A333 2003",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager",
  series =       "Women of power series",
  abstract =     "A documentary about Ada Byron Lovelace, focusing on
                 her contributions to computers and computing. Lovelace,
                 the daughter of George Gordon Byron, was a
                 mathematician and an associate of Charles Babbage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Produced in association with SBS-TV and Australia
                 \ldots{} and others. Directed and produced by John
                 Fuegi and Jo Francis. Written by John Fuegi, Jo
                 Francis, and Charlotte Arnholtz. Voice: Maisie
                 Tomlinson, Steven Crossley, Georgina Terry. Narrator:
                 Steven Crossley.",
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Women mathematicians;
                 Great Britain; Biography; Mathematicians; Calculators;
                 History; Women computer programmers; Computers and
                 women",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852",
  xxtitle =      "To dream tomorrow: a portrait of {Ada Byron
                 Lovelace}",
}

@Book{Fuegi:2003:DTP,
  author =       "John Fuegi and Jo Francis",
  title =        "To dream tomorrow: a portrait of {Ada Byron
                 Lovelace}",
  publisher =    "Flare Productions",
  address =      "Adelphi, MD, USA",
  pages =        "Video DVD (53m)",
  year =         "2003",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:27:34 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Produced and directed by John Fuegi and Jo Francis",
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Lovelace, Ada Byron; mekaniske
                 systemer",
}

@Article{Fuegi:2003:LBC,
  author =       "John Fuegi and Jo Francis",
  title =        "{Lovelace} \& {Babbage} and the Creation of the 1843
                 {`\booktitle{Notes}'}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "68-03 (01A55)",
  MRnumber =     "2039609",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "Women and gender in the history of computing",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4016.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/an/2003/04/a4016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Holzl:2003:BPA,
  author =       "Werner H{\"o}lzl and Andreas Reinstaller",
  title =        "The {Babbage Principle} after evolutionary economics",
  volume =       "2003-013",
  publisher =    "MERIT",
  address =      "Maastricht, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "19",
  year =         "2003",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  series =       "MERIT-Infonomics research memorandum series",
  URL =          "http://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/rmpdf/2003/rm2003-013.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jarczyk:2003:BEC,
  author =       "Witold Jarczyk",
  title =        "{Babbage} equation on the circle",
  journal =      j-PUBL-MATH-DEBRECEN,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "389--400",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "PUMAAR",
  ISSN =         "0033-3883 (print), 2064-2849 (electronic)",
  MRclass =      "39B12 (26A18)",
  MRnumber =     "2018071 (2005h:39038)",
  MRreviewer =   "K. D. Magill, Jr.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen",
  journal-URL =  "http://publi.math.unideb.hu/",
}

@InCollection{Lewis:2003:BBO,
  author =       "Michael A. Lewis",
  editor =       "M. A. Lewis and N. Slack",
  booktitle =    "Operations management: Critical perspectives on
                 business and management",
  title =        "{Babbage} and the beginnings of {OM}: reappraising on
                 the economy of machinery and manufactures",
  chapter =      "6",
  publisher =    pub-ROUTLEDGE,
  address =      pub-ROUTLEDGE:adr,
  pages =        "54--72",
  year =         "2003",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-1 =     "From page 249: ``[Babbage] entered Trinity College,
                 Cambridge, in April 1810 to read mathematics,
                 eventually graduating from Peterhouse in 1814. Elected
                 to a fellowship of the Royal Society in 1816, he was
                 the Lucasian Chair of mathematics at Cambridge from
                 1828 until 1839 (a post previously held by Isaac
                 Newton).''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 249: ``Babbage contributed to a great many
                 different fields, publishing 6 full-length monographs
                 and at least 86 papers''.",
}

@InCollection{Segala:2003:BAE,
  author =       "Marco Segala",
  title =        "{Babbage}, the {Analytical Engine} and the {Turin
                 Academy of Sciences}",
  crossref =     "Simoes:2003:TLG",
  chapter =      "10",
  volume =       "233",
  pages =        "233--247",
  year =         "2003",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3584-1_10",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 12 15:29:04 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bsphs.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-3584-1_10",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Swade:2003:CTC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "Calculation and Tabulation in the {19th Century}:
                 {George Biddell Airy} versus {Charles Babbage}",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "University College London",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "353",
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 09 06:52:29 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/1752660629/1261A6EDAC064B26PQ/1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (1791--1871); George Bidden Airy
                 (1801--1891)",
  tableofcontents = "List of Illustrations / 4 \\
                 Introduction / 8 \\
                 Part I: Table Making \\
                 1. Calculation / 29 \\
                 2. Verification, and Generic Processes / 73 \\
                 Part II: Babbage and the Utopian Ideal \\
                 3. Babbage's Expectations for his Engines / 111 \\
                 Part III: Airy and Pragmatism \\
                 4. Airy and Babbage's Difference Engine No. 1 / 180 \\
                 5. Airy, Scheutz, Fowler and Bell / 240 \\
                 Conclusions / 302 \\
                 Bibliography / 317 \\
                 Appendix I: ``This is the Engine which Charles Built''
                 / 337 \\
                 Appendix II Airy's Questionnaires / 342 \\
                 Appendix III Illustrations / 348",
}

@Book{Byrd:2004:SS,
  author =       "Max Byrd",
  title =        "Shooting the sun",
  publisher =    pub-BANTAM,
  address =      pub-BANTAM:adr,
  pages =        "306",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-553-80208-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-553-80208-5",
  LCCN =         "PS3552.Y675 S47 2004",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:25 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 sirsi.library.utoronto.ca:2200/UNICORN",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/random0414/2003052403.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Fiction; Eccentrics and
                 eccentricities; British; West (U.S.); Solar eclipses;
                 Mathematicians; Photographers",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
}

@Article{Croarken:2004:BRB,
  author =       "Mary Croarken",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Cogwheel Brain: Charles
                 Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer}} by
                 Doron Swade}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "351--352",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 19 18:42:52 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4028434",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Article{Croarken:2004:BRD,
  author =       "Mary Croarken",
  title =        "Book Review: {Doron Swade, The Cogwheel Brain: Charles
                 Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer.
                 London: Little, Brown and Company, 2000. Pp. x + 342.
                 ISBN 0-316-64847-7. \pounds 14.99 (hardback)}",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "351--352",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087404286125",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs2000.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4028132;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4028434",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
}

@Book{Decker:2004:AEI,
  author =       "Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield",
  title =        "The {Analytical Engine}: an introduction to computer
                 science using the {Internet}",
  publisher =    "Thomson/Wadsworth",
  address =      "Belmont, CA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xx + 412",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-534-39159-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-534-39159-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .D33344 2004",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:57:50 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; Internet",
}

@Book{Essinger:2004:JWH,
  author =       "James Essinger",
  title =        "{Jacquard}'s Web: How a Hand-Loom Led to the Birth of
                 the Information Age",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 302",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-19-280577-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-280577-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.17 .E88 2004",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:24:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0620/2004276200-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0620/2004276200-t.html",
  abstract =     "Jacquard's Web is the story of some of the most
                 ingenious inventors the world has ever known, a
                 fascinating account of how a hand-loom invented in
                 Napoleonic France led to the development of the modern
                 information age. James Essinger, a master story-teller,
                 shows through a series of remarkable and meticulously
                 researched historical connections (spanning two
                 centuries and never investigated before) that the
                 Jacquard loom kick-started a process of scientific
                 evolution which would lead directly to the development
                 of the modern computer. The invention of Jacquard's
                 loom in 1804 enabled the master silk-weavers of Lyons
                 to weave fabrics 25 times faster than had previously
                 been possible. The device used punched cards, which
                 stored instructions for weaving whatever pattern or
                 design was required; it proved an outstanding success.
                 These cards can very reasonably be described as the
                 world's first computer programmes. In this engaging and
                 delightful book, James Essinger reveals a plethora of
                 extraordinary links between the nineteenth-century
                 world of weaving and today's computer age: to give just
                 one example, modern computer graphics displays are
                 based on exactly the same principles as those employed
                 in Jacquard's special woven tableaux. Jacquard's Web
                 also introduces some of the most colourful and
                 interesting characters in the history of science and
                 technology: the modest but exceptionally dedicated
                 Jacquard himself, the brilliant but temperamental
                 Victorian polymath Charles Babbage, who dreamt of a
                 cogwheel computer operated using Jacquard cards, and
                 the imaginative and perceptive Ada Lovelace, Lord
                 Byron's only legitimate daughter.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Jacquard, Joseph Marie; hullkort;
                 punched cards; computers; history; Jacquard knitting
                 machines; information technology",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgements \\
                 1. The engraving that wasn't \\
                 2. A better mouse-trap \\
                 3. The son of a master weaver \\
                 4. The Emperor's new clothes \\
                 5. From weaving to computing \\
                 6. The difference engine \\
                 7. The analytical engine \\
                 8. A question of faith and funding \\
                 9. The lady who loved the Jacquard loom \\
                 10. A crisis with the American census \\
                 11. The first Jacquard looms that wove information \\
                 12. The birth of IBM \\
                 13. The Thomas Watson phenomenon \\
                 14. Howard Aiken dreams of a computer \\
                 15. IBM and the Harvard Mark 1 \\
                 16. Weaving at the speed of light \\
                 17. The future \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Swade:2004:STA,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "The Shocking Truth about {Babbage} and his Calculating
                 Engines",
  journal =      "Resurrection: The Computer Conservation Society
                 Journal",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "32",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "New Year",
  year =         "2004",
  ISSN =         "0958-7403",
  ISSN-L =       "0958-7403",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 21:41:47 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res32.htm#d",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This is the edited text of a talk given by the author
                 to the Society at the Science Museum on 20 November
                 2003. It has a lengthy commentary on the long-term
                 opposition by Astronomer Royal Sir George Biddell Airy
                 to Babbage's plans for an Analytical Engine.",
}

@Article{Belanger:2005:SVS,
  author =       "Jay Belanger and Dorothy Stein",
  title =        "Shadowy vision: spanners in the mechanization of
                 mathematics",
  journal =      j-HIST-MATH,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--93",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "HIMADS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hm.2004.03.002",
  ISSN =         "0315-0860 (print), 1090-249X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0315-0860",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 26 06:20:28 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/histmath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0315086004000217",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historia Mathematica",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03150860",
  keywords =     "Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace; Charles
                 Babbage",
}

@Article{Cook:2005:MME,
  author =       "Simon Cook",
  title =        "Minds, machines and economic agents: {Cambridge}
                 receptions of {Boole} and {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-SCI,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "331--350",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SHPSB5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2005.04.001",
  ISSN =         "0039-3681 (print), 1879-2510 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0039-3681",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (03-03 68-03 91B08)",
  MRnumber =     "2225718 (2006m:01009)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/shps-a.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003936810500018X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00393681/",
}

@Book{DeAngelis:2005:CPD,
  author =       "Gina DeAngelis and David J. Bianco",
  title =        "Computers: processing the data",
  publisher =    "Oliver Press",
  address =      "Minneapolis, MN, USA",
  pages =        "143",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-881508-87-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-881508-87-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.17 D43 2005",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:57:50 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Innovators",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; History; Juvenile literature;
                 Computer scientists; Biography; Scientists",
  tableofcontents = "From clay tokens to calculating machines \\
                 Charles Babbage and the analytical engine \\
                 Alan Turing and the Turing Machine \\
                 John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert and the electronic
                 computer \\
                 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce and the integrated circuit
                 \\
                 Ted Hoff and the microprocessor \\
                 Steve Wozniak and the personal computer \\
                 Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web \\
                 The next big thing",
}

@Book{Eames:2005:FCR,
  author =       "Charles. Eames and Ray. Eames and Shelley. Mills and
                 Lucia Eames. Demetrios and Eames. Demetrios and Gregory
                 Peck",
  title =        "The films of {Charles and Ray Eames}, Volume 6
                 [videorecording]",
  publisher =    "Pyramid",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  pages =        "1 videodisc (60 min.)",
  year =         "2005",
  LCCN =         "PN1995.9.E96 .F557 2005 v.6",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager",
  note =         "Narrator, Gregory Peck (introduction).",
  URL =          "http://www.midwesttapes.com",
  abstract =     "The 1st film is a record of Day of the Dead
                 celebrations in Mexico. The 2nd film traces the design
                 and development of S-73, the Sofa Compact. The 3rd film
                 presents the feel of Babbage's Difference Engine, the
                 mechanical antecedent of the electronic computer. The
                 4th film is on an important concept in algebra. The 5th
                 film conveys the mathematical concept of exponents. The
                 6th film presents footage of the Eames' Solar
                 Do-Nothing Machine. The 7th film is a model, in film
                 form, of the National Aquarium design. The 7th film
                 presents a parade of robots, floating bulls' heads, toy
                 soldiers, and more.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "DVD release of short films originally produced in
                 1952. Midwest Tapes, Produced by Eames Demetrios and
                 Shelley Mills. Films of Charles and Ray Eames. Volume
                 6. Executive producer, Lucia Demetrios.",
  subject =      "Eames, Charles; Eames, Ray; Design; All Souls' Day;
                 Mexico; Mathematics",
  tableofcontents = "Day of the dead \\
                 S-73: sofa compact \\
                 Babbage \\
                 Alpha \\
                 Exponents: a study in generalization \\
                 Solar no-nothing machine \\
                 Aquarium (National Fisheries Center and Aquarium) \\
                 Parade",
}

@Book{Friedman:2005:EDC,
  author =       "Ted Friedman",
  title =        "Electric dreams: computers in {American} culture",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "x + 275",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-8147-2739-5 (hardcover), 0-8147-2740-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8147-2739-3 (hardcover), 978-0-8147-2740-9
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C66 F745 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0514/2005017512.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computers and civilization; Computers; Social aspects;
                 History",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction: the dialectic of technological
                 determinism \\
                 Part I. Mainframe culture. \\
                 1. Charles Babbage and the politics of computer memory
                 \\
                 2. Ideologies of information processing: from analog to
                 digital \\
                 3. Filming the ``electronic brain'' \\
                 Part II. The personal computer \\
                 4. The many creators of the personal computer \\
                 5. Apple's 1984 \\
                 6. The rise of the simulation game \\
                 Part III. The interpersonal computer \\
                 7. Imagining cyberspace \\
                 8. Dot-com politics \\
                 9. Beyond Napster \\
                 10. Linux and utopia \\
                 Conclusion: cybertopia today",
}

@InCollection{Grattan-Guinness:2005:GBI,
  author =       "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  editor =       "I. Grattan-Guinness and Roger Cooke and Leo Corry and
                 Pierre Cr{\'e}pel and Niccolo Guicciardini",
  booktitle =    "Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640--1940",
  title =        "{George Boole}, An investigation of the laws of
                 thought on which are founded the mathematical theory of
                 logic and probabilities (1854)",
  chapter =      "36",
  publisher =    pub-ELSEVIER,
  address =      pub-ELSEVIER:adr,
  pages =        "470--479",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044450871-3/50117-0",
  ISBN =         "0-444-50871-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-444-50871-3",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444508713501170",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-URL =     "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444508713",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@InCollection{Scollon:2005:BBC,
  author =       "Suzie Scollon",
  title =        "{Bentham}, {Babbage} and the census",
  crossref =     "Norris:2005:DAI",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 08:33:48 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Swade:2005:CCB,
  author =       "Doron D. Swade",
  title =        "The construction of {Charles Babbage}'s {Difference
                 Engine No. 2}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--88",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2005.45",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "68-03",
  MRnumber =     "2197478",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Anonymous:2006:MBI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Mr. Babbage}'s invention. {Copies} of the
                 correspondence between the lords commissioners of {His
                 Majesty's Treasury} and the president and council of
                 the {Royal Society}, relative to an invention of {Mr.
                 Babbage}",
  publisher =    "ProQuest LLC",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "2006",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:09 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Colclasure:2006:MBM,
  author =       "K. Colclasure",
  title =        "{Mr. Babbage}, Meet {Mr. Lego}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "26--27",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2006.1611756",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 18 12:29:46 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeespectrum2000.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
  keywords =     "Difference engines; Difference equations; Gears;
                 Plastics; Polynomials",
}

@Article{DeLiso:2006:CBT,
  author =       "Nicola {De Liso}",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}, Technological Change and the
                 National System of Innovation",
  journal =      "Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics
                 (JITE) / Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die gesamte
                 Staatswissenschaft",
  volume =       "162",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "470--485",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 11:19:29 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  URL =          "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mohr/jite/2006/00000162/00000003/art00005;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/40752596",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{GBPHC:2006:MBI,
  author =       "{Great Britain.Parliament.House of Commons}",
  title =        "Mr Babbage's invention Copies of the correspondence
                 between the lords commissioners of His Majesty's
                 Treasury and the president and council of the Royal
                 Society, relative to an invention of Mr. Babbage.: 19th
                 century House of Commons sessional papers:
                 Parliamentary papers",
  volume =       "(370)",
  publisher =    "Proquest LLC",
  address =      "Cambridge, England",
  pages =        "8",
  year =         "2006",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager",
  series =       "[1823]; ACCOUNTS AND PAPERS",
  URL =          "http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017.12/939089",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Correspondence between Treasury and Royal Society
                 relative to Invention of C. Babbage (on Application of
                 Machinery for calculating Mathematical Tables).
                 Transcribed from: \booktitle{Mr. Babbage's invention}.
                 Copies of the correspondence between the lords
                 commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury and the
                 president and council of the Royal Society, relative to
                 an invention of Mr. Babbage.",
  subject =      "Great Britain; History; 19th century; Sources;
                 Politics and government",
}

@Article{Grier:2006:CER,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "{CBQ} Essay Review: Computer Pioneer: Biographies of
                 and Writings by {Charles Babbage} (1791--1870)",
  journal =      j-COMMUN-BOOKNOTES-Q,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--13",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326896cbq3701_1",
  ISSN =         "1094-8007 (print), 1532-6896 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-8007",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 08:03:01 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15326896cbq3701_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communication Booknotes Quarterly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hcbq20",
  onlinedate =   "07 Jun 2010",
}

@Book{Musselman:2006:NCS,
  author =       "Elizabeth Green Musselman",
  title =        "Nervous conditions: science and the body politic in
                 early industrial {Britain}",
  publisher =    "State University of New York",
  address =      "Albany, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 276",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-7914-6679-5 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7914-6679-7 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "RC464.A1 G74 2006",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "SUNY series, studies in the long nineteenth century;
                 SUNY series in science, technology, and society",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0512/2005014025.html",
  abstract =     "Nervous Conditions explores the role of the body in
                 the development of modern science, challenging the myth
                 that modern science is built on a bedrock of
                 objectivity and confident empiricism. In this look into
                 the private world of British natural philosophers ---
                 including John Dalton, Lord Kelvin, Charles Babbage,
                 John Herschel, and many others --- Elizabeth Green
                 Musselman shows how the internal workings of their
                 bodies played an important part in the sciences'
                 movement to the center of modern life, and how a
                 scientific community and a nation struggled their way
                 into existence.\par

                 Many of these natural philosophers endured serious
                 nervous difficulties, particularly vision problems.
                 They turned these weaknesses into strengths, however,
                 by claiming that their well-disciplined mental skills
                 enabled them to transcend their bodily frailties. Their
                 adeptness at transcendence, they asserted, explained
                 why men of science belonged at the heart of modern
                 life, and qualified them to address such problems as
                 unifying the British provinces into one nation,
                 managing the industrial workplace, and accommodating
                 religious plurality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Scientists; Mental health; Great Britain; History;
                 19th century; Nervous system; Philosophy; Science",
  tableofcontents = "1. The nervous man of science \\
                 2. The social hierarchy of subjectivity \\
                 3. Provincialism and color blindness \\
                 4. Mental governance and hemiopsy \\
                 5. Rational faith and hallucination \\
                 6. Conclusion",
}

@Article{Ng:2006:AEL,
  author =       "Che Tat Ng and Weinian Zhang",
  title =        "An algebraic equation for linear operators",
  journal =      j-LINEAR-ALGEBRA-APPL,
  volume =       "412",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "303--325",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "LAAPAW",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2005.06.038",
  ISSN =         "0024-3795 (print), 1873-1856 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0024-3795",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024379505003484",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linear Algebra and its Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00243795",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Book{Pincock:2006:CHC,
  author =       "Stephen Pincock",
  title =        "Codebreaker: the history of codes and ciphers, from
                 the ancient pharaohs to quantum cryptography",
  publisher =    "Walker",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "176",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-8027-1547-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8027-1547-0",
  LCCN =         "Z104 .P56 2006",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:26:41 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cryptography; History; Ciphers",
  tableofcontents = "1. Originality \\
                 Unbroken codes: the Phaistos disk \\
                 Cultural codes: holy codes \\
                 Cultural codes: codes of the Kama Sutra \\
                 2. Ingenuity \\
                 Cultural codes: Rosslyn's secrets: hidden meaning in
                 architecture and music \\
                 Unbroken codes: the most mysterious book: the Voynich
                 manuscript \\
                 Unbroken codes: the man in the iron mask \\
                 3. Wit \\
                 Specific codes: the ingenious professor Babbage \\
                 Specific codes: the Playfair cipher \\
                 Unbroken codes: hidden treasure, hidden meaning, the
                 Beale papers \\
                 Unbroken codes: the Dorabella cipher, Elgar's other
                 enigma \\
                 4. Perseverance \\
                 Specific codes: the enigma machine \\
                 Specific codes: invisible ink and other tools of the
                 spying trade \\
                 Specific codes: purple and Pearl Harbor \\
                 5. Speed \\
                 Unbroken codes: the Zodiac killer \\
                 Specific codes: cracking Poe's Graham magazine cipher
                 \\
                 Cultural codes: codes in fiction \\
                 6. Vision \\
                 Specific codes: the cat came back \\
                 Specific codes: quantum cryptography, being in two
                 places at once \\
                 Specific codes: quantum cryptography in a box of
                 chocolates \\
                 Appendix. Code challenge \\
                 Glossary",
}

@Book{Sherman:2006:CBS,
  author =       "Josepha Sherman",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the story of the first
                 computer",
  publisher =    "Mitchell Lane Publishers",
  address =      "Newark, DE, USA",
  pages =        "48",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-58415-372-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58415-372-6",
  LCCN =         "QA29.B2",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  series =       "Uncharted, unexplored, and unexplained",
  URL =          "http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9781584153726.pdf;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip052/2004024613.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Juvenile literature; Mathematicians;
                 Great Britain; Biography",
  subject-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  tableofcontents = "An idea is born \\
                 A mathematician's boyhood \\
                 The difference engine \\
                 The analytical engine \\
                 Afterwards",
}

@Book{Smith:2006:C,
  author =       "Ludovic Smith",
  title =        "Crash",
  publisher =    "Corrillium Press",
  address =      "Staines, UK",
  pages =        "301",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-9552634-0-9 paperback",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-9552634-0-8 paperback",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The story of IT from Babbage to the era of Internet
                 worms, open source, web services, and SOA",
}

@Article{Aspray:2007:LCH,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "Leadership in Computing History: {Arthur Norberg} and
                 the {Charles Babbage Institute}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2007.4407441;
                 https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2007.61",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "Database Expansion Item",
  MRnumber =     "2412504",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Lewis:2007:CBR,
  author =       "Michael A. Lewis",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: Reclaiming an operations management
                 pioneer",
  journal =      j-J-OPER-MANAGE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "248--259",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2006.08.001",
  ISSN =         "0272-6963 (print), 1873-1317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-6963",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 11:32:01 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272696306000805",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Operations Management",
}

@Article{Mach:2007:SFE,
  author =       "Andrzej Mach",
  title =        "On some functional equations involving {Babbage}
                 equation",
  journal =      "Results Math.",
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1-2",
  pages =        "97--106",
  year =         "2007",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-007-0261-5",
  ISSN =         "1422-6383",
  MRclass =      "39B72 (39B82)",
  MRnumber =     "2375642 (2009a:39022)",
  MRreviewer =   "Kil-Woung Jun",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Results in Mathematics",
}

@Article{Misa:2007:ANC,
  author =       "Thomas J. Misa",
  title =        "{Arthur Norberg}, the {Charles Babbage Institute}, and
                 the History of Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--15",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2007.4407440;
                 https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2007.52",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "Database Expansion Item",
  MRnumber =     "2412503",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@InCollection{Ortiz:2007:BFI,
  author =       "Eduardo L. Ortiz",
  editor =       "Jeremy J. Gray and Karen Hunger Parshall",
  booktitle =    "Episodes in the history of modern algebra
                 (1800--1950)",
  title =        "{Babbage} and {French} id{\'e}ologie: functional
                 equations, language, and the analytical method",
  volume =       "32",
  publisher =    pub-AMS,
  address =      pub-AMS:adr,
  pages =        "13--47",
  year =         "2007",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (00A35)",
  MRnumber =     "2353490",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 08 19:11:36 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "Hist. Math.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ortiz:2007:LTS,
  author =       "Eduardo L. Ortiz",
  title =        "Languages, the theory of signs and {French}
                 ``ideology'' in the mathematical works of {Charles}
                 {Babbage}",
  journal =      "Rev. Bras. Hist. Mat.",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "Special Issue 1",
  pages =        "117--126",
  year =         "2007",
  ISSN =         "1519-955X",
  MRclass =      "01A55 (00A35 01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "2417732",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Revista Brasileira de Hist\'oria da Matem\'atica. An
                 International Journal on the History of Mathematics",
}

@Book{Porter:2007:CBG,
  author =       "Dorothy Porter",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and {George Birkbeck}: science,
                 reform and radicalism",
  publisher =    "Palgrave Macmillan",
  address =      "Basingstoke, England",
  pages =        "58--69",
  year =         "2007",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:48 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Birkbeck, George; Science; history;
                 History, 19th Century; Social Change; Great Britain",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871; 1776--1841",
}

@Article{Reinstaller:2007:DLF,
  author =       "Andreas Reinstaller",
  title =        "The division of labor in the firm: agency,
                 near-decomposability and the {Babbage Principle}",
  journal =      "Journal of Institutional Economics",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "293--322",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Schneider:2007:ICS,
  author =       "G. Michael Schneider and Judith L. Gersting and Keith
                 Miller",
  title =        "Invitation to computer science: {Java} version",
  publisher =    "Thomson Course Technology",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xxiii + 720",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-4188-3654-0, 1-4239-0143-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4188-3654-2, 978-1-4239-0143-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 S36 2007",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; Java (Computer program language)",
  tableofcontents = "Chapter 1. An Introduction to Computer Science \\
                 1.1. Introduction \\
                 1.2. The Definition of Computer Science \\
                 Special Interest Box: Abu Ja' far Muhammad ibn Musa
                 Al-Khowarizmi (a.d. 780--850?) \\
                 Special Interest Box: In the Beginning\ldots{} \\
                 1.3. Algorithms \\
                 1.3.1. The Formal Definition of an Algorithm \\
                 1.3.2. The Importance of Algorithmic Problem Solving
                 \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 1.4. A Brief History of Computing \\
                 1.4.1. The Early Period: Up to 1940 \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Original ``Technophobia'' \\
                 Special Interest Box: Charles Babbage (1791--1871) Ada
                 Augusta Byron, Countess of Lovelace (1815--1852) \\
                 1.4.2. The Birth of Computers: 1940--1950 \\
                 Special Interest Box: And the Verdict Is\ldots{} \\
                 Special Interest Box: John Von Neumann (1903--1957) \\
                 1.4.3. The Modern Era: 1950 to the Present \\
                 Special Interest Box: Good Evening, This Is Walter
                 Cronkite \\
                 Special Interest Box: The World's First Microcomputer
                 \\
                 1.5. Organization of the Text \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Level 1. The Algorithmic Foundations of Computer
                 Science \\
                 Chapter 2. Algorithm Discovery and Design \\
                 2.1. Introduction \\
                 2.2. Representing Algorithms \\
                 2.2.1. Pseudocode \\
                 2.2.2. Sequential Operations \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 2.2.3. Conditional and Iterative Operations \\
                 Special Interest Box: From Little Primitives Mighty
                 Algorithms Do Grow \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 2.3. Examples of Algorithmic Problem Solving \\
                 2.3.1. Example 1: Go Forth and Multiply \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 2.3.2. Example 2: Looking, Looking, Looking \\
                 2.3.3. Example 3: Big, Bigger, Biggest \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 2.3.4. Example 4: Meeting Your Match \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 2.4. Conclusion \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 3. The Efficiency of Algorithms \\
                 3.1. Introduction \\
                 3.2. Attributes of Algorithms \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 3.3. Measuring Efficiency \\
                 3.3.1. Sequential Search \\
                 3.3.2. Order of Magnitude-Order $n$ \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 3.3.3. Selection Sort \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 3.3.4. Order of Magnitude-Order $n^2$ \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Tortoise and the Hare \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 3.4. Analysis of Algorithms \\
                 3.4.1. Data Cleanup Algorithms \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 3.4.2. Binary Search \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 3.4.3. Pattern Matching \\
                 3.4.4. Summary \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 3.5. When Things Get Out of Hand \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 3.6. Summary of Level 1 \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Level 2. Hardware World \\
                 Chapter 4. The Building BLocks: Binary Numbers, Boolean
                 Logic, and Gates \\
                 4.1. Introduction \\
                 4.2. The Binary Numbering System \\
                 4.2.1. Binary Representation of Numeric and Textual
                 Information \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 4.2.2. Binary Representation of Sound and Images \\
                 4.2.3. The Reliability of Binary Representation \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 4.2.4. Binary Storage Devices \\
                 4.3. Boolean Logic and Gates \\
                 4.3.1. Boolean Logic \\
                 Special Interest Box: Dr. William Shockley (1910--1989)
                 \\
                 Special Interest Box: George Boole (1815--1864) \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 4.3.2. Gates \\
                 4.4. Building Computer Circuits \\
                 4.4.1. Introduction \\
                 4.4.2. A Circuit Construction Algorithm \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 4.4.3. Examples of Circuit Design and Construction \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 4.5. Control Circuits \\
                 4.6. Conclusion \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 5. Computer Systems Organization \\
                 5.1. Introduction \\
                 5.2. The Components of a Computer System \\
                 5.2.1. Memory and Cache \\
                 Special Interest Box: Powers of 10 \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 5.2.2. Input/Output and Mass Storage \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 5.2.3. The Arithmetic/Logic Unit \\
                 5.2.4. The Control Unit \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 5.3. Putting All the Pieces Together --- the von
                 Neumann Architecture \\
                 Special Interest Box: An Alphabet Soup of Speed
                 Measures --- MIPS, MFLOPS, MHz, and GHz \\
                 5.4. Non-von Neumann Architectures \\
                 Special Interest Box: Speed to Burn \\
                 5.5. Summary of Level 2 \\
                 Special Interest Box: Quantum Computing \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Level 3. The Virtual Machine \\
                 Chapter 6. An Introduction to System Software and
                 Virtual Machines \\
                 6.1. Introduction \\
                 6.2. System Software \\
                 6.2.1. The Virtual Machine \\
                 6.2.2. Types of System Software \\
                 6.3. Assemblers and Assembly Language \\
                 6.3.1. Assembly Language \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 6.3.2. Examples of Assembly Language Code \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 6.3.3. Translation and Loading \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 6.4. Operating Systems \\
                 6.4.1. Functions of an Operating System \\
                 Special Interest Box: A Machine for the Rest of Us \\
                 Special Interest Box: Hackers \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Open Source Movement \\
                 6.4.2. Historical Overview of Operating Systems
                 Development \\
                 Special Interest Box: Now That's Big! \\
                 6.4.3. The Future \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 7. Computer Networks, the Internet, and the
                 World Wide Web \\
                 7.1. Introduction \\
                 7.2. Basic Networking Concepts \\
                 7.2.1. Communication Links \\
                 Special Interest Box: Blogs \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 Special Interest Box: Ubiquitous Computing \\
                 7.2.2. Local Area Networks \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 7.2.3. Wide Area Networks \\
                 7.2.4. Overall Structure of the Internet \\
                 7.3. Communication Protocols \\
                 7.3.1. Physical Layer \\
                 7.3.2. Data Link Layer \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 7.3.3. Network Layer \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 7.3.4. Transport Layer \\
                 7.3.5. Application Layer \\
                 7.4. Network Services and Benefits \\
                 Special Interest Box: Spam \\
                 7.5. A Brief History of the Internet and the World Wide
                 Web \\
                 7.5.1. The Internet \\
                 7.5.2. The World Wide Web \\
                 Special Interest Box: Geography Lesson \\
                 7.6. Conclusion \\
                 7.7. Summary of Level 3 \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Level 4. The Software World \\
                 Chapter 8. Introduction to High-level Language
                 Programming \\
                 8.1. Where Do We Stand? \\
                 8.2. High-level Languages \\
                 8.3. Introduction to Java \\
                 8.3.1. A Simple Java Program \\
                 Special Interest Box: Java Is Born \\
                 8.3.2. Running a Java Program \\
                 8.4. Virtual Data Storage \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 8.5. Statement Types \\
                 8.5.1. Input Statements \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Console Class \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 8.5.2. Output Statements \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 8.5.3. The Assignment Statement \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 8.5.4. Control Statements \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 8.5.5. Another Example \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 8.6. Meeting Expectations \\
                 8.7. Managing Complexity \\
                 8.7.1. Divide and Conquer \\
                 Special Interest Box: Which Java? \\
                 8.7.2. Using Methods \\
                 8.7.3. Writing Methods \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 8.8. Object-Oriented Programming \\
                 8.8.1. What Is It? \\
                 8.8.2. Java and OOP \\
                 8.8.3. One More Example \\
                 8.8.4. What Have We Gained? \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 8.9. Graphical Programming \\
                 8.9.1. Graphics Hardware \\
                 8.9.2. Graphics Software \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 8.10. The Big Picture: Software Engineering \\
                 8.10.1. Scaling Up \\
                 8.10.2. The Software Life Cycle \\
                 Special Interest Box: Vital Statistics for Real Code
                 \\
                 8.10.3. Modern Environments \\
                 8.11. Conclusion \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 9. The Tower of Babel \\
                 9.1. Why Babel? \\
                 9.2. Procedural Languages \\
                 9.2.1. Fortran \\
                 Special Interest Box: Old Dog, New Tricks \#1 \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 9.2.2. Cobol \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 9.2.3. C/C++ \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 9.2.4. Ada \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 9.2.5. C\# and .NET \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 Special Interest Box: Old Dog, New Tricks \#2 \\
                 9.3. Special-purpose Languages \\
                 9.3.1. SQL \\
                 9.3.2. HTML \\
                 Special Interest Box: Beyond HTML \\
                 9.3.3. JavaScript \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 Special Interest Box: PHP \\
                 9.4. Alternative Programming Paradigms \\
                 9.4.1. Functional Programming \\
                 Practice Problems --- Special Interest Box: Simplicity
                 Is in the Eye of the Beholder \\
                 9.4.2. Logic Programming \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 9.4.3. Parallel Programming \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 9.5. Conclusion \\
                 Special Interest Box: Parallel Computing with Titanium
                 \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 10. Compilers and Language Translation \\
                 10.1. Introduction \\
                 10.2. The Compilation Process \\
                 10.2.1. Phase I: Lexical Analysis \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 10.2.2. Phase II: Parsing \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 10.2.3. Phase III: Semantics and Code Generation \\
                 10.2.4. Phase IV: Code Optimization \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 Special Interest Box: ``I Do Not Understand,'' Said the
                 Machine \\
                 10.3. Conclusion \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 11. Models of Computation \\
                 11.1. Introduction \\
                 11.2. What Is a Model? \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 11.3. A Model of a Computing Agent \\
                 11.3.1. Properties of a Computing Agent \\
                 11.3.2. The Turing Machine \\
                 Special Interest Box: Alan Turing, Brilliant Eccentric
                 \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 11.4. A Model of an Algorithm \\
                 11.5. Turing Machine Examples \\
                 11.5.1. A Bit Inverter \\
                 11.5.2. A Parity Bit Machine \\
                 11.5.3. Machines for Unary Incrementing \\
                 11.5.4. A Unary Addition Machine \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 11.6. The Church--Turing Thesis \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Turing Award \\
                 11.7. Unsolvable Problems \\
                 Special Interest Box: Couldn't Do, Can't Do, Never Will
                 Be Able to\ldots{} \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 11.8. Conclusion \\
                 11.9. Summary of Level 4 \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Level 5. Applications \\
                 Chapter 12. Simulation and Modeling \\
                 12.1. Introduction \\
                 12.2. Computational Modeling \\
                 12.2.1. Introduction to Systems and Models \\
                 12.2.2. Computational Models, Accuracy, and Errors \\
                 12.2.3. An Example of Model Building \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 12.3. Running the Model and Visualizing Results \\
                 12.4. Conclusion \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Mother of all Computations!
                 \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 13. Electronic Commerce and Information
                 Security \\
                 13.1. Introduction \\
                 Special Interest Box: Shopping on the Web \\
                 13.2. E-commerce \\
                 13.2.1. The Vision Thing \\
                 13.2.2. Decisions, Decisions \\
                 13.2.3. Anatomy of a Transaction \\
                 Special Interest Box: A Rose by Any Other Name\ldots{}
                 \\
                 Special Interest Box: Gone Phishin' \\
                 13.2.4. Designing Your Web Site \\
                 13.2.5. Behind the Scenes \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Price of Success \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 13.3. Databases \\
                 13.3.1. Data Organization \\
                 13.3.2. Database Management Systems \\
                 13.3.3. Other Considerations \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 13.4. Information Security \\
                 13.4.1. Encryption Overview \\
                 13.4.2. Simple Encryption Algorithms \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 13.4.3. DES \\
                 Special Interest Box: Cracking DES \\
                 13.4.4. Public-Key Systems \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 13.5. Conclusion \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Chapter 14. Artificial Intelligence \\
                 14.1. Introduction \\
                 Special Interest Box: To Whom Am I Speaking? \\
                 14.2. A Division of Labor \\
                 14.3. Knowledge Representation \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 14.4. Recognition Tasks \\
                 Special Interest Box: Read Me a Story \\
                 Practice Problem \\
                 14.5. Reasoning Tasks \\
                 14.5.1. Intelligent Searching \\
                 14.5.2. Swarm Intelligence \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Chess Challenge \\
                 14.5.3. Intelligent Agents \\
                 Special Interest Box: ANTS in Space! \\
                 14.5.4. Expert Systems \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 14.6. Robotics \\
                 14.7. Conclusion \\
                 14.8. Summary of Level 5 \\
                 Special Interest Box: Shall We Dance? \\
                 Challenge Work \\
                 Level 6. Social Issues in Computing \\
                 Chapter 15. Making Decisions about Computers,
                 Information, and Society \\
                 15.1. Introduction \\
                 15.2. Case Studies \\
                 15.2.1. Case 1: The Story of MP3-Compression Codes,
                 Musicians, and Money \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Sound of Music \\
                 15.2.2. Case 2: PGP: The U.S. Government vs. Phil
                 Zimmermann \\
                 15.2.3. Case 3: Hackers: Public Enemies or Gadflies?
                 \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 Special Interest Box: The Cyborg \\
                 Practice Problems \\
                 15.2.4. Thinking Straight about Technology and Ethics
                 \\
                 15.2.5. Case 4: Genetic Information and Medical
                 Research \\
                 15.3. What We Covered and What We Did Not \\
                 15.4. Summary of Level 6 \\
                 Answers to Practice Problems",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2008:CHM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The {Computer History Museum} Debuts {Charles
                 Babbage}'s {Difference Engine No. 2}, On Display for
                 the First Time in {North America}",
  howpublished = "Web press release",
  day =          "5",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 01 10:14:17 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://computerhistory.org/press-releases/babbage-engine-exhibit/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Bullock:2008:CBE,
  author =       "Seth Bullock",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the Emergence of Automated
                 Reason",
  crossref =     "Husbands:2008:MMH",
  pages =        "19--40",
  year =         "2008",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 07:54:22 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fu:2008:ELC,
  author =       "Xu Dan Fu and Xia Zhou and Xiao Dong Zhao",
  title =        "Extensions of {Lucas}' congruence and {Babbage}'s
                 congruence",
  journal =      "Acta Math. Sinica (Chin. Ser.)",
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "693--698",
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SHHPBO",
  ISSN =         "0583-1431",
  MRclass =      "11B65 (11A07)",
  MRnumber =     "2454006 (2009i:11020)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Acta Mathematica Sinica. Chinese Series",
}

@Article{Geary:2008:PPM,
  author =       "Frank Geary and Renee Prendergast",
  title =        "Philosophers and practical men: {Charles Babbage},
                 {Irish} merchants and the economics of information",
  journal =      "The European Journal of the History of Economic
                 Thought",
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "571--597",
  year =         "2008",
  ISSN =         "0967-2567 (print), 1469-5936 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0967-2567",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Markoff:2008:SCC,
  author =       "John Markoff",
  title =        "1800s-Style Computer Comes to {U.S.}",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "C6--C6",
  day =          "5",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 17:06:35 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://search.proquest.com/docview/897116572",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage; Difference Engine No. 2",
  remark =       "The story reports that the 11-foot-long, 7-foot-high
                 machine was on display at the Computer History Museum
                 in Mountain View, CA, USA until May 2009, when it moves
                 to the Seattle, WA, USA home of Microsoft Executive
                 Nathan Myhrvold, who bought a working replica for
                 himself.",
}

@Article{Niman:2008:CBI,
  author =       "Neil B. Niman",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s influence on the development of
                 {Alfred Marshall}'s theory of the firm",
  journal =      "Journal of the History of Economic Thought",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "479--49",
  year =         "2008",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Segala:2008:BRA,
  author =       "Marco Segala",
  title =        "Book Review: {Andrea Villa (ed.), \booktitle{Charles
                 Babbage. Passaggi dalla vita di uno scienziato.
                 Autobiografia dell'inventore del computer}. Torino:
                 Utet, 2007. xiii + 414 pp., ISBN 978-88-02-07715-4}",
  journal =      j-NUNCIUS,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "184--185",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1163/182539108x00517",
  ISSN =         "0394-7394 (print), 1825-3911 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0394-7394",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 09 07:01:23 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nuncius.bib",
  URL =          "http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/10.1163/182539108x00517",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nuncius",
  journal-URL =  "http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/18253911",
  pagecount =    "2",
}

@Book{Cleveland:2009:CEH,
  author =       "Cutler J. Cleveland",
  title =        "Concise Encyclopedia of the History of Energy",
  publisher =    pub-ELSEVIER,
  address =      pub-ELSEVIER:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 354",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-12-375117-9 (print), 0-12-375118-7 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-375117-1 (print), 978-0-12-375118-8
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "TJ163.16 .C657 2009",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  abstract =     "The Concise Encyclopedia of the History of Energy
                 draws together in a single volume a comprehensive
                 account of the field from the prestigious and
                 award-winning Encyclopedia of Energy (2004). This
                 volume covers all aspects of energy history with
                 authoritative articles authoritatively contributed and
                 edited by an interdisciplinary team of experts.
                 Extensively revised since the original publication of
                 they Encylopedia of Energy, this work describes the
                 most interesting historical developments of the past
                 five years in the energy sector. A co.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Description based upon print version of record.",
  subject =      "Power resources -- Encyclopedias; Power resources --
                 History; Power resources",
  tableofcontents = "Front cover \\
                 History of Energy \\
                 Copyright page \\
                 Contents \\
                 Editor's Preface \\
                 Alphabetical List of Articles \\
                 C \\
                 Coal Industry, History of \\
                 1. Introduction \\
                 2. Pre- and Early History \\
                 3. Middle Age and Renaissance \\
                 4. Precursors to the Industrial Revolution \\
                 5. Industrial Revolution \\
                 6. 19th Century \\
                 7. 20th Century \\
                 8. The Future \\
                 9. Coal and Culture \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Coal Mining in Appalachia, History of \\
                 1. Introduction \\
                 2. Historical Overview \\
                 3. Breaking Ground \\
                 4. Life in the Company Town \\
                 5. Working in a Coal Mine \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Conservation Measures for Energy, History of \\
                 1. Introduction \\
                 2. Decade of Crisis: 1970s \\
                 3. Decade of No- and Low-cost Options: 1980s \\
                 4. Decade of Globalization: 1990s \\
                 5. Decades Ahead \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Conservation of Energy Concept, History of \\
                 1. Motion and Mechanics Before 1800 \\
                 2. Caloric Theory and Heat Engines \\
                 3. Equivalence of Heat and Work \\
                 4. Conservation of Energy \\
                 5. Energy Physics \\
                 6. Energy in 20th Century Physics \\
                 7. Energy Conservation Beyond Physics \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 E \\
                 Early Industrial World, Energy Flow in \\
                 1. Agriculture and Urbanization \\
                 2. Competition for Energy Resources \\
                 3. Wood Energy \\
                 4. Wind and Water Energy \\
                 5. The Transition to Coal Energy \\
                 6. Steam Power \\
                 7. Steam Engines and Transportation \\
                 8. Petroleum \\
                 9. Electrical Power \\
                 10. Energy Flow and Industrial Momentum \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Economic Thought, History of Energy in \\
                 1. Introduction \\
                 2. Early Energy Ideas \\
                 3. Early Physiological Economics: Hobbes, Petty,
                 Boisguilbert \\
                 4. Fran{\c{c}}ois Quesnay: The Energetic Premises of
                 Physiocracy \\
                 5. Adam Smith: The Work and Powers of Nature and Labor
                 \\
                 6. J.-B. Say: General Theory of the Work of Nature,
                 Labor, and Machines \\
                 7. Malthus and Ricardo: Limits on Powers of Land \\
                 8. Late Classical Theory: Babbage, Senior, and J. Tms.
                 Mill \\
                 9. How Energy Came up Missing in Neoclassical Economics
                 \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Ecosystems and Energy: History and Overview \\
                 1. Introduction \\
                 2. Energy and the Structure of Ecosystems \\
                 3. Origin and Approach of Ecosystem Studies \\
                 4. Biogeochemical Cycles \\
                 5. Stability and Disturbance \\
                 6. The Future of Ecosystems \\
                 7. Conclusion \\
                 Acknowledgments \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Electricity Use, History of \\
                 1. Inventing and Promoting Electrification \\
                 2. The Telegraph, Alarm Systems, and the Telephone \\
                 3. Public Lighting \\
                 4. Industrial Applications \\
                 5. Electrified Transportation and the City \\
                 6. Personal Uses of Electricity \\
                 7. Domestic Electrification \\
                 8. Rural Electrification \\
                 9. Air-conditioning \\
                 10. Electricity Use and the Environment \\
                 11. The Future of Electricity Consumption \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Energy in the History and Philosophy of Science \\
                 1. The Puzzle of Energy \\
                 2. The Word Energy \\
                 3. The Concept of Energy \\
                 4. Energy Prior to 1800? \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Environmental Change and Energy \\
                 1. Human Access to Energy \\
                 2. Conceptual Frameworks \\
                 3. Historical Stages of Access to Energy \\
                 4. Overview From Today's Perspectives \\
                 Further Reading",
}

@Book{Cockshott:2009:CE,
  editor =       "W. Paul Cockshott and others",
  title =        "Classical econophysics",
  volume =       "12",
  publisher =    pub-ROUTLEDGE,
  address =      pub-ROUTLEDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 364",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-415-47848-0 (hardcover), 0-203-87754-3 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-415-47848-9 (hardcover), 978-0-203-87754-8
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "HB131 .C53 2009; HG131",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:28:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  series =       "Routledge advances in experimental and computable
                 economics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Economics; Methodology; Research; Statistical
                 physics",
  tableofcontents = "Problematizing labour \\
                 Problematizing information \\
                 Labour productivity \\
                 Babbage and the birth of digital technology \\
                 From machines to the universal machine \\
                 Political economy: value and labour \\
                 The probabilistic approach to economic variables \\
                 The statistical mechanics of money \\
                 A probabilistic approach to the law of value \\
                 Value in the capitalist economy \\
                 Money, credit, and the form of value \\
                 Banking and capital \\
                 A probabilistic model of the social relations of
                 capitalism \\
                 Understanding profit \\
                 Hayek, information and knowledge",
}

@Book{Hall:2009:GSP,
  editor =       "Derek Hall",
  title =        "Great scientists. Philosophy, invention, and
                 engineering",
  publisher =    "Brown Bear Books",
  address =      "Redding, CT, USA",
  pages =        "64",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "1-933834-48-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-933834-48-1",
  LCCN =         "T39 .P53 2009",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:27 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Facts at your fingertips",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Inventors; Biography; Juvenile literature; Scientists;
                 Philosophers; Inventions",
  tableofcontents = "Aristotle \\
                 James Watt \\
                 Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace \\
                 Thomas Alva Edison \\
                 Alexander Graham Bell \\
                 Fritz Haber \\
                 Alan Turing \\
                 Jonas Salk",
}

@Book{Rima:2009:DEA,
  author =       "Ingrid Rima",
  title =        "Development of economic analysis",
  publisher =    pub-ROUTLEDGE,
  address =      pub-ROUTLEDGE:adr,
  edition =      "Seventh",
  pages =        "xii + 606",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-415-77293-1, 0-415-77292-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-415-77293-8 hbk, 978-0-415-77292-1 pbk",
  LCCN =         "HB75 .R46 2009",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Economics; History",
  tableofcontents = "Part 1: Preclassical Economics \\
                 1. Early Masterworks as a source of Economic Thought
                 \\
                 2. The Origins of Analytic Economics \\
                 3. The Transition to Classical Economics \\
                 Part II: Classical Economics \\
                 4. Physiocracy: The Beginning of Analytical Economics
                 \\
                 5. Adam Smith: From Moral Philosophy to Political
                 Economy \\
                 6. Thomas Malthus and J. B. Say: The Political Economy
                 of Population Behaviour and Aggregate Demand \\
                 7. David Ricardo: Economic Analysis of the Distributive
                 Shares \\
                 8. Building on Ricardian Foundations: The Mills, W. N.
                 Senior and Charles Babbage \\
                 9. Classical Theory in Review \\
                 Part III: The Critics of Classicism \\
                 10. Socialism, Induction, and the Forerunners of
                 Marginalism \\
                 11. Karl Marx: An Inquiry into the Law of Motion of the
                 Capitalist System \\
                 12. First-Generation Marginalists: Jevons, Walras and
                 Menger \\
                 13. Second-Generation Marginalists \\
                 Part IV: The Neo-classical Tradition, 1980--1945 \\
                 14. Alfred Marshall and the Neo-classical Tradition \\
                 15. Chamberlain, Robinson and Other Price Theorists \\
                 16. The New Theory of Welfare and Consumer Behavior \\
                 17. Neo-classical Monetary and business-Cycle Theorists
                 \\
                 Part V: The Dissent form Neo-classicism, 1890--1945 \\
                 18. The Dissent of American Institutionalists \\
                 19. The Economics of Planning: Socialism without
                 Marxism \\
                 20. J. M. Keynes's Critique of the Mainstream Tradition
                 \\
                 21. Keynes's Theory of Employment, Output and Income
                 \\
                 Part VI: Beyond High Theory \\
                 22. The Emergence of Econometrics as a
                 Sister-Discipline of Economics \\
                 23. Neo-Keynesians, Neo-Walrasians and Monetarists \\
                 24. The Analytics of Economic Liberalism: The Theory of
                 Choice \\
                 Part VII: Competing Economic Paradigms \\
                 25. The Challenge of Competing Paradigms in
                 Contemporary Economics \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Roegel:2009:APF,
  author =       "Denis Roegel",
  title =        "Anecdotes: Prototype Fragments from {Babbage}'s First
                 {Difference Engine}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "70--75",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2009.31",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 1 19:39:15 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@InCollection{Swade:2009:BC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  booktitle =    "{Oxford} Dictionary of National Biography",
  title =        "{Babbage, Charles (1791--1871)}",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "21",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 23 14:18:54 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-962",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Sydell:2009:CMF,
  author =       "Laura Sydell",
  title =        "A {19th-Century} Mathematician Finally Proves Himself:
                 {Charles Babbage}'s `{Difference Engine}'",
  howpublished = "NPR Web site",
  day =          "10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 01 10:20:52 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121206408",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Wendling:2009:KMT,
  author =       "Amy E. Wendling",
  title =        "{Karl Marx} on technology and alienation",
  publisher =    "Palgrave Macmillan",
  address =      "Basingstoke, UK",
  pages =        "x + 252",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-230-22440-7 (hardback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-230-22440-7 (hardback)",
  LCCN =         "B3305.M74 W45 2009",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Marx, Karl; Technology; Philosophy; Alienation
                 (Philosophy)",
  subject-dates = "1818--1883",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Karl Marx's concept of alienation \\
                 Objectification, alienation, and estrangement: on
                 Marx's Hegelian inheritance \\
                 Other origins of ``alienation'' and ``objectification''
                 \\
                 Marx's account of alienation: from early to late \\
                 The alienated object of production: commodity fetishism
                 \\
                 The alienated means of production: machine fetishism
                 \\
                 Machines and the transformation of work \\
                 Marx's energeticist turn \\
                 The first law of thermodynamics: Kraft, Stoff, and the
                 discourse of energetics \\
                 From arbeit to arbeitskraft: Marx's transformation of
                 work from self-actualization to energy expenditure \\
                 The second law of thermodynamics: entropy, the heat
                 death of the universe, and revolution \\
                 Machines in the communist future \\
                 Technology and the boundaries of nature \\
                 Material wealth and value: the Grundrisse's ``fragment
                 on machines'' \\
                 The strife between technology and capital: the fall in
                 the rate of profit \\
                 Enjoyment not value: challenging the capitalist logic
                 of exhaustion \\
                 Man himself as fixed capital: the symbiosis of human
                 and machine in the production of material wealth \\
                 Class kinship and the redistribution of the means of
                 production \\
                 Machines in the capitalist reality \\
                 Between thermodynamics and humanism: approaching
                 Capital \\
                 Machinery as an historical category of production \\
                 Machines, trains, and other capitalist monsters \\
                 Rough, foul-mouthed boys: women's monstrous laboring
                 bodies \\
                 Wage labor and race \\
                 Wage labor and sexuality \\
                 Machinery and revolution \\
                 Alienation beyond Marx \\
                 Science and technology in Marx's excerpt notebooks \\
                 Karl Marx and Charles Babbage: the speed of production
                 in the Economic manuscripts of 1861--1863 \\
                 Machines and temporality: the treadmill effect and free
                 time \\
                 Technophobia and technophilia \\
                 Technophobia and twentieth-century theory",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2010:MBM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Mini {Babbage} machine promises energy efficient
                 computing",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "205",
  number =       "2753",
  pages =        "19",
  day =          "24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(10)60701-4",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262407910607014",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2010:RSS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Random Samples: Start the {Engine}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "330",
  number =       "6002",
  pages =        "301--301",
  day =          "15",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.330.6002.301-a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 09:09:10 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://plan28.org/;
                 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6002/301.1.full",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Charles Babbage",
  remark =       "From the article: ``A computer programmer in the
                 United Kingdom wants to construct a never-built
                 Victorian computer, more than 150 years after it was
                 designed. British mathematician Charles Babbage first
                 dreamed up his Analytical Engine in 1837.''",
}

@Book{Babbage:2010:BCE,
  editor =       "Henry P. Babbage",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s Calculating Engines: Being a Collection of
                 Papers Relating to them; their History and
                 Construction, by {Charles Babbage}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  year =         "2010",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511694721",
  ISBN =         "1-108-00096-7 (paperback), 0-511-69472-5 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-108-00096-3 (paperback), 978-0-511-69472-1
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (01-06 68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "2885312 (2012k:01016)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  series =       "Cambridge Library Collection --- Mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "H. P. Babbage is the son of Charles Babbage.",
}

@Book{Curley:2010:MII,
  editor =       "Robert Curley",
  title =        "The 100 most influential inventors of all time",
  publisher =    "Britannica Educational Publishers in association with
                 Rosen Educational Services",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  pages =        "336",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "1-61530-003-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-61530-003-7",
  LCCN =         "T39 .A14 2010",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:27 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The Britannica guide to the world's most influential
                 people",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Inventors; Biography; Popular works; Inventions;
                 History",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Cro-Magnon \\
                 Imhotep \\
                 Archimedes \\
                 Cai Lun \\
                 Heron of Alexandria \\
                 Johannes Gutenberg \\
                 Christiaan Huygens \\
                 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek \\
                 Benjamin Franklin \\
                 James Watt \\
                 Joseph and {\'E}tienne Montgolfier \\
                 Alessandro Volta \\
                 Joseph-Marie Jacquard \\
                 John Loudon McAdam \\
                 Nic{\'e}phore Ni{\'e}pce \\
                 Robert Fulton \\
                 Eli Whitney \\
                 Alois Senefelder \\
                 Sir William Congreve \\
                 Ren{\'e} La{\"e}nnec \\
                 George Stephenson \\
                 Louis Daguerre \\
                 Samuel F. B. Morse \\
                 Charles Babbage \\
                 Sir Rowland Hill \\
                 Charles Goodyear \\
                 John Deere \\
                 Claude-{\'E}tienne Mini{\'e} \\
                 Louis Braille \\
                 Cyrus McCormick \\
                 Elisha Graves Otis \\
                 Sir Henry Bessemer \\
                 Samuel Colt \\
                 Richard J. Gatling \\
                 James Starley \\
                 Alfred Nobel \\
                 John Wesley Hyatt \\
                 Ferdinand von Zeppelin \\
                 Georges Leclanch{\'e} \\
                 Hiram Maxim \\
                 John P. Holland \\
                 Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler \\
                 Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen \\
                 Thomas Edison \\
                 Alexander Graham Bell \\
                 Otto Lilienthal \\
                 Emil Berliner \\
                 Nikola Tesla \\
                 Rudlof Kiesel \\
                 George Washington Carver \\
                 James A. Naismith \\
                 Auguste and Louis Lumi{\'e}re \\
                 Henry Ford \\
                 Reginald Fessenden \\
                 Wilbur and Orville Wright \\
                 Lee de Forest \\
                 Guglielmo Marconi \\
                 Robert Goddard \\
                 Clarence Birdseye \\
                 Igor Sikorsky \\
                 Vladimir Zworykin \\
                 Edwin H. Armstrong \\
                 R. Buckminster Fuller \\
                 Paul M{\"u}ller \\
                 Ernest O. Lawrence \\
                 Charles Stark Draper \\
                 Walt Disney \\
                 William P. Lear \\
                 Felix Wankel \\
                 John von Neumann \\
                 Chester F. Carlson \\
                 Grace Murray Hopper \\
                 Frank Whittle \\
                 John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert \\
                 Edward Teller \\
                 Michael DeBakey \\
                 Willard Libby \\
                 Edwin Herbert Land \\
                 Virginia Apgar \\
                 Leo Fender \\
                 William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain \\
                 Wernher von Braun \\
                 Charles Townes \\
                 Gertrude B. Elion \\
                 Frederick Sanger \\
                 Tom Kilburn \\
                 Stephanie Kwolek \\
                 Douglas Engelbart \\
                 Robert Noyce \\
                 Ron Toomer \\
                 Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig \\
                 Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield \\
                 Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf \\
                 Ian Wilmut \\
                 Rodney Brooks \\
                 Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak \\
                 Tim Berners-Lee \\
                 Bill Gates \\
                 Linus Torvalds \\
                 Sergey Brin and Larry Page",
}

@Article{Fisher:2010:TFI,
  author =       "Richard Fisher",
  title =        "Toy-de-force: Inside the steampunk {Lego} lab",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "2792",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 18:11:27 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19848-toydeforce-inside-the-steampunk-lego-lab.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
  remark =       "One of his [Andrew Carol's] machines is a 1000-piece
                 Lego reconstruction of the Difference Engine, a
                 Victorian mechanical \ldots{}",
}

@Article{Graham-Cumming:2010:LBB,
  author =       "John Graham-Cumming",
  title =        "{Let}'s build {Babbage's Analytical Engine}",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "208",
  number =       "2791",
  pages =        "26--27",
  day =          "18",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(10)63100-4",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262407910631004",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
}

@Article{Grier:2010:IYC,
  author =       "David Alan Grier",
  title =        "The Inconsistent Youth of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--31",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2010.67",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  MRclass =      "68-03 (01A70)",
  MRnumber =     "2779501",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 15 11:49:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Kilgore:2010:DEA,
  author =       "De Witt Douglas Kilgore",
  title =        "{Difference Engine}: Aliens, Robots, and Other Racial
                 Matters in the History of Science Fiction",
  journal =      j-SCI-FICT-STUD,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--22",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2010",
  ISSN =         "0091-7729 (print), 2327-6207 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science Fiction Studies",
}

@Article{Ozgur:2010:CBI,
  author =       "Erdem Ozgur",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}: an inadvertent development
                 economist",
  journal =      "History of economic ideas",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--31",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2010",
  ISSN =         "1122-8792 (print), 1724-2169 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1122-8792",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 11:22:57 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Shapcott:2010:PU,
  author =       "Thomas W. Shapcott",
  title =        "Parts of us",
  publisher =    "University of Queensland Press",
  address =      "St Lucia, QLD, Australia",
  pages =        "124",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-7022-3769-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7022-3769-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "PR9619.3.S47 P37 2010",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:39:29 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  price =        "US\$24.95",
  URL =          "http://www.uqp.com.au",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Poems.",
  tableofcontents = "1. Parts of Us \\
                 Parts of Us \\
                 Weeding \\
                 To Music \\
                 Stravinsky in Melbourne \\
                 Vivaldi in Vienna \\
                 Schoenberg in Melbourne \\
                 Monteverdi at 74 \\
                 A Latter-day Polonius \\
                 Parable of the Second Stone \\
                 2. Bound to It All \\
                 Bound to It All: Sonnets \\
                 My Father's Feet \\
                 Storm Weather \\
                 Suburban Autumn \\
                 Eating Dried Fruit \\
                 Words \\
                 Charles Babbage \\
                 Miranda at Two \\
                 Cicadas \\
                 At Pine Lake, Tasmania \\
                 Legacy \\
                 Four Transformations \\
                 Nocturne \\
                 Growing Old Ungraciously \\
                 The Old Itch \\
                 Exile \\
                 Want \\
                 Night Fishing \\
                 I am not in this poem \\
                 Old Man Singing \\
                 3. Adelaide Lunch Sonnets \\
                 Adelaide Lunch Sonnets \\
                 Eating in Adelaide \\
                 The Splendid Lunch \\
                 The Pub Lunch \\
                 Oysters at the Astor \\
                 Chessers \\
                 Lady of the Birds \\
                 Sunday Lunch with Eva \\
                 At the Sea \\
                 Chinese Elm, Late Spring, North Adelaide \\
                 Lenzerbeide \\
                 Pavement Lunch at the Botanical \\
                 15 Haiku \\
                 The Greek on Halifax \\
                 A Celebration in the Treasury \\
                 At the Treasury 2 \\
                 Not a Lunch Sonnet \\
                 Walking through Parkland at Lake Torrens \\
                 Bridgewater Mill \\
                 The Queen's Head \\
                 The Auge Ristorante in Grote Street \\
                 The Urban on Fullarton Road \\
                 The Art Gallery Cafe \\
                 Treasury Again \\
                 At the Tin Cat \\
                 A Melbourne Lunch Sonnet \\
                 8 Haiku \\
                 Food \\
                 Bequest \\
                 4. Still Life \\
                 Still Life with Skull \\
                 The Haunting \\
                 Drought Flowers \\
                 Three Pieces \\
                 Little Boys \\
                 Little Girls \\
                 Parents \\
                 The Rat \\
                 Loss \\
                 Sestina \\
                 What Happened to Love \\
                 Skin Deep \\
                 Night Mugging \\
                 Period Portraits \\
                 Widow \\
                 The Smell of Coal-dust \\
                 Gloves \\
                 Genevieve \\
                 Class Act \\
                 Nephew \\
                 Thelma \\
                 Autobiography \\
                 Solitude",
}

@Book{Smiley:2010:MWI,
  author =       "Jane Smiley",
  title =        "The man who invented the computer: the biography of
                 {John Atanasoff}, digital pioneer",
  publisher =    pub-DOUBLEDAY,
  address =      pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr,
  pages =        "246 + 8",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-385-52713-6, 0-385-53372-1 (e-book), 1-299-11995-6
                 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-385-52713-2, 978-0-385-53372-0 (e-book),
                 978-1-299-11995-6 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.A75 S64 2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 25 10:49:42 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  price =        "US\$25.95",
  abstract =     "One night in the late 1930s, in a bar on the
                 Illinois--Iowa border, John Vincent Atanasoff, a
                 professor of physics at Iowa State University, after a
                 frustrating day performing tedious mathematical
                 calculations in his lab, hit on the idea that the
                 binary number system and electronic switches, combined
                 with an array of capacitors on a moving drum to serve
                 as memory, could yield a computing machine that would
                 make his life easier. Then he went back and built the
                 machine. It worked, but he never patented the device,
                 and the developers of the far-better-known ENIAC almost
                 certainly stole critical ideas from him. But in 1973 a
                 court declared that the patent on that Sperry Rand
                 device was invalid, opening the gates to the computer
                 revolution. Biographer Jane Smiley makes the race to
                 develop digital computing as gripping as a real-life
                 techno-thriller.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ABC computer; Alan Turing; Charles Babbage; Clifford
                 Berry; J. Presper Eckert; John V (John Vincent)
                 Atanasoff; John von Neumann; John W. Mauchly; Konrad
                 Zuse; Max Newman",
  remark-1 =     "This book contains discussions of the patent battles
                 over early computer designs (pp 131--133 and Chapter
                 9), and some limited information about arithmetic
                 choices, such as on pp. 162--163 ``Howard Aiken, who
                 was still advocating for decimal numbers for
                 computers''. It also contains statements of how Konrad
                 Zuse's early work on electromechanical computers was
                 finally made known in the 1950s in the US (see p.
                 159).",
  remark-2 =     "The chapters are numbered, but without titles, so
                 there is no tableofcontents field in this entry.",
  remark-3 =     "Chapters 10--12 on the Honeywell vs Sperry lawsuit
                 (1968--1971) over who discovered the computer present a
                 strong rebuttal to the views in
                 \cite{McCartney:2001:ETT}.",
  remark-4 =     "Pages 188--189 mention Edward Teller's testimony in
                 August 1971 in the Honeywell vs Sperry lawsuit that the
                 ENIAC had been used for calculations by Los Alamos
                 scientists in 1945--1945, almost two years before the
                 Mauchly and Eckert (i.e., Sperry) patent claims on
                 ENIAC technology. That is `prior art' that led to
                 Sperry losing its patent claims for ENIAC.",
  subject =      "Atanasoff, John V (John Vincent); Computer scientists;
                 United States; Biography; Inventors; Physicists; Iowa;
                 College teachers; Electronic digital computers;
                 History; 20th century; Patents; Intellectual property",
}

@Article{Swade:2010:ACC,
  author =       "Doron D. Swade",
  title =        "Automatic Computation: {Charles Babbage} and
                 Computational Method",
  journal =      j-RUTHERFORD-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1177-1380",
  ISSN-L =       "1177-1380",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 4 09:52:24 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/rutherfordj.bib",
  URL =          "http://rutherfordjournal.org/article030106.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Rutherford Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://rutherfordjournal.org/",
}

@Book{Anonymous:2011:BBB,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The best business books ever: the most influential
                 management books you'll never have time to read",
  publisher =    pub-BASIC-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr,
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "ix + 269",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-465-02236-7 (paperback), 0-465-02634-6 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-02236-6 (paperback), 978-0-465-02634-0
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "Z7164.O7 B323 2011",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:39:29 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Management; Bibliography; Business",
  tableofcontents = "Machine generated contents note: Action Learning /
                 Reg Revans \\
                 Administrative Behavior / Herbert Simon \\
                 The Age of Discontinuity / Peter F. Drucker \\
                 The Age of E-tail / Dirk Schneider \\
                 The Age of Unreason / Charles Handy \\
                 The Art of Japanese Management / Anthony Athos \\
                 The Art of the Long View / Peter Schwartz \\
                 The Art of War / Sun Tzu \\
                 Barbarians at the Gate / John Helyar \\
                 A Behavioral Theory of the Firm / James G. March \\
                 Being Digital / Nicholas Negroponte \\
                 Blown to Bits / Thomas Wurster \\
                 Blur / Christopher Meyer \\
                 The Borderless World / Kenichi Ohmae \\
                 The Brand You 50 / Tom Peters \\
                 Built to Last / Jerry Porras \\
                 A Business and Its Beliefs / Thomas Watson Jr. \\
                 Capital / Karl Marx \\
                 The Caring Economy / Gerry McGovern \\
                 The Change Masters / Rosabeth Moss Kanter \\
                 The Changing Culture of a Factory / Elliot Jaques \\
                 The Clickable Corporation / J. Russell Gates \\
                 Clicks and Mortar / Terry Pearce \\
                 Competing for the Future / C. K. Prahalad \\
                 The Competitive Advantage of Nations / Michael Porter
                 \\
                 Competitive Strategy / Michael Porter \\
                 Complexity / M. Mitchell Waldrop \\
                 Co-opetition / Adam M. Brandenburger \\
                 Corporate-level Strategy / Andrew Campbell \\
                 Corporate Strategy / Igor Ansoff \\
                 Digital Capital / Alex Lowy \\
                 Digital Darwinism / Evan I. Schwartz \\
                 Direct from Dell / Michael Dell \\
                 The Discipline of Market Leaders / Fred Wiersema \\
                 Dynamic Administration / Mary Parker Follett \\
                 Emotional Intelligence / Daniel Goleman \\
                 The E-myth Revisited / Michael E. Gerber \\
                 The Entertainment Economy / Michael J. Wolf \\
                 E-shock 2000 / Michael de Kare-Silver \\
                 The Experience Economy / James H. Gilmore \\
                 The Fifth Discipline / Peter Senge \\
                 A Future Perfect / Adrian Wooldridge \\
                 Futurize Your Enterprise / David Siegel \\
                 General and Industrial Management / Henri Fayol \\
                 The General Theory of Employment / John Maynard Keynes
                 \\
                 Getting Things Done / David Allen \\
                 Getting to Yes / William Ury \\
                 The Goal / Jeff Cox \\
                 High Stakes, No Prisoners / Charles H. Ferguson \\
                 How to Win Friends and Influence People / Dale Carnegie
                 \\
                 The HP Way / David Packard \\
                 The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization /
                 Elton Mayo \\
                 The Human Side of Enterprise / Douglas McGregor \\
                 In Search of Excellence / Robert Waterman \\
                 The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture /
                 Manuel Castells \\
                 Information Rules / Hal R. Varian \\
                 Innovation in Marketing / Theodore Levitt \\
                 The Innovator's Dilemma / Clayton M. Christensen \\
                 Intellectual Capital / Thomas Stewart \\
                 Jack: Straight from the Gut / John A. Byrne \\
                 The Knowledge-creating Company / Hirotaka Takeuchi \\
                 Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge / Burt Nanus \\
                 Leadership / Rudolph W. Giuliani \\
                 Leadership / James MacGregor Burns \\
                 Leading Change / John P. Kotter \\
                 Liar's Poker / Michael Lewis \\
                 The Living Company: Habits for Survival in a Turbulent
                 Business Environment / Arie de Geus \\
                 The Long Tail / Chris Anderson \\
                 The Machine That Changed the World / Daniel Roos \\
                 Made in Japan / Akio Morita \\
                 Management Teams: Why They Succeed or Fail / R.
                 Meredith Belbin \\
                 The Managerial Grid / Jane Mouton \\
                 Managing / Harold Geneen \\
                 Managing across Borders / Sumantra Ghoshal \\
                 Managing on the Edge / Richard T. Pascale \\
                 Managing Transitions / William Bridges \\
                 Marketing Management / Kevin Keller \\
                 Megatrends / John Naisbitt \\
                 The Mind of the Strategist / Kenichi Ohmae \\
                 Moments of Truth / Jan Carlzon \\
                 Motion Study: A Method for Increasing the Efficiency of
                 the Workman / Frank Gilbreth \\
                 Motivation and Personality / Abraham Maslow \\
                 The Motivation to Work / Barbara Bloch Snyderman \\
                 My Life and Work / Henry Ford \\
                 My Years with General Motors / Alfred P. Sloan Jr. \\
                 Natural Capitalism / L. Hunter Lovins \\
                 The Nature of Managerial Work / Henry Mintzberg \\
                 The New Corporate Cultures / Allan Kennedy \\
                 New Patterns of Management / Rensis Likert \\
                 No Logo / Naomi Klein \\
                 Now, Discover Your Strengths / Donald Clifton \\
                 On Becoming a Leader / Warren Bennis \\
                 On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures / Charles
                 Babbage \\
                 On War / Karl von Clausewitz \\
                 Onward Industry / Alan Reiley \\
                 The Organization Man / William Whyte \\
                 Organizational Culture and Leadership / Edgar H. Schein
                 \\
                 Organizational Learning / Donald Schon \\
                 Out of the Crisis / W. Edwards Deming \\
                 Parkinson's Law / C. Northcote Parkinson \\
                 The Peter Principle / Laurence Peter \\
                 Planning for Quality / Joseph M. Juran \\
                 The Practice of Management / Peter F. Drucker \\
                 The Prince / Niccolo Machiavelli \\
                 Principles of Political Economy / John Stuart Mill \\
                 Principles of Political Economy and Taxation / David
                 Ricardo \\
                 The Principles of Scientific Management / Frederick
                 Winslow Taylor \\
                 Purple Cow: Transform Your Business by Being Remarkable
                 / Seth Godin \\
                 Quest for Prosperity / Konosuke Matsushita \\
                 Real Time / Regis McKenna \\
                 Reengineering the Corporation / Michael Hammer \\
                 Relationship Marketing / Regis McKenna \\
                 Riding the Waves of Culture / Charles Hampden-Turner
                 \\
                 The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning / Henry
                 Mintzberg \\
                 Small Is Beautiful / E. F. Schumacher \\
                 Strategy and Structure / Alfred Chandler \\
                 The Theory of Economic Development / Joseph A.
                 Schumpeter \\
                 The Theory of Social and Economic Organization / Max
                 Weber \\
                 Theory Z / William Ouchi \\
                 The Third Wave / Alvin Toffler \\
                 The Tipping Point / Malcolm Gladwell \\
                 Toyota Production System / Taiichi Ohno \\
                 Up the Organization / Robert Townsend \\
                 Valuation / Tom Koller \\
                 The Visionary's Handbook / Jim Taylor \\
                 The Visual Display of Quantitative Information / Edward
                 R. Tufte \\
                 The Wealth of Nations / Adam Smith \\
                 What They Don't Teach You at Harvard Business School /
                 Mark H. McCormack \\
                 The Will to Manage / Marvin Bower \\
                 The Wisdom of Crowds / James Surowiecki \\
                 Work This Way / Bruce Tulgan \\
                 The World Is Flat / Thomas Friedman",
}

@Article{Bessenyei:2011:FEG,
  author =       "Mih{\'a}ly Bessenyei and Csaba G. K{\'e}zi",
  title =        "Functional equations and group substitutions",
  journal =      j-LINEAR-ALGEBRA-APPL,
  volume =       "434",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1525--1531",
  day =          "15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "LAAPAW",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2010.11.029",
  ISSN =         "0024-3795 (print), 1873-1856 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0024-3795",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024379510006051",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linear Algebra and its Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00243795",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Article{Cassata:2011:TPE,
  author =       "Francesco Cassata and Roberto Marchionatti",
  title =        "A transdisciplinary perspective on economic
                 complexity. {Marshall}'s problem revisited",
  journal =      "Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization",
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "122--136",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.03.002",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268111000886",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Alfred Marshall; Charles Babbage; Charles Darwin",
}

@Book{Gibson:2011:DE,
  author =       "William Gibson and Bruce Sterling",
  title =        "The {Difference Engine}",
  publisher =    pub-BALLANTINE,
  address =      pub-BALLANTINE:adr,
  edition =      "20th anniversary",
  pages =        "xi + 492",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-440-42362-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-440-42362-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "PS3557.I2264 D55 2011",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:44:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Gibson:1991:DE}, with a new
                 introduction.",
  abstract =     "In London of 1855, celebrated paleontologist Edward
                 Mallory gets mixed up with Charles Babbage, the
                 inventor of an advanced calculating machine run by his
                 elite group of clackers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; Fiction; Oliphant, Laurence;
                 Computer engineering",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871; 1829--1888",
}

@Book{Gleick:2011:IHT,
  author =       "James Gleick",
  title =        "The information: a history, a theory, a flood",
  publisher =    "Fourth Estate",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "526",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-00-722573-3, 0-00-742311-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-00-722573-6, 978-0-00-742311-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:24:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  abstract =     "From the invention of scripts and alphabets to the
                 long misunderstood ``talking drums'' of Africa, James
                 Gleick tells the story of information technologies that
                 changed the very nature of human consciousness. He also
                 provides portraits of the key figures contributing to
                 the inexorable development of our modern understanding
                 of information, including Charles Babbage, Ada Byron,
                 Samuel Morse, Alan Turing, and Claude Shannon.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Babbage, Charles; communication theory; history;
                 kommunikasjonsteori; historie",
  tableofcontents = "Drums that talk \\
                 Persistence of the word \\
                 Two wordbooks \\
                 To throw the powers of thought into wheel-work \\
                 A nervous system for the Earth \\
                 New wires, new logic \\
                 Information theory \\
                 The informational turn \\
                 Entropy and its demons \\
                 Life's own code \\
                 Into the meme pool \\
                 The sense of randomness \\
                 Information is physical \\
                 After the flood \\
                 New news every day",
}

@Book{Moore:2011:NC,
  author =       "Christopher Moore and Stephan Mertens",
  title =        "The nature of computation",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 985",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-19-923321-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-923321-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:24:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Alan Turing; Charles Babbage",
}

@Book{Snyder:2011:PBC,
  author =       "Laura J. Snyder",
  title =        "The philosophical breakfast club: four remarkable
                 friends who transformed science and changed the world",
  publisher =    "Broadway Books",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "439 + 4",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-7679-3048-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7679-3048-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:24:21 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "19th century; Babbage, Charles; Biography; Great
                 Britain; Herschel, Friedrich Wilhelm; Herschel, John F.
                 W. (John Frederick William); Intellectual life; Jones,
                 Richard; Philosophy; Science; Scientists;
                 Storbritannia; Whewell, William",
  subject-dates = "1791--1871; 1792--1871; 1794--1866; 1790--1855",
  tableofcontents = "Inventing the scientist \\
                 Waterworks \\
                 Philosophical breakfasts \\
                 Experimental lives \\
                 Mechanical toys \\
                 Dismal science \\
                 The great battle \\
                 Mapping the world \\
                 A divine programmer \\
                 Sciences of shadow and light \\
                 Angels and fairies \\
                 New worlds \\
                 Nature decoded \\
                 Endings \\
                 A new horizon",
}

@Book{Stanoyevitch:2011:ICM,
  author =       "Alexander Stanoyevitch",
  title =        "Introduction to cryptography with mathematical
                 foundations and computer implementations",
  publisher =    pub-CHAPMAN-HALL-CRC,
  address =      pub-CHAPMAN-HALL-CRC:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 649",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "1-4398-1763-4 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4398-1763-6 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QA268 .S693 2011",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:39:29 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib",
  series =       "Discrete mathematics and its applications",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Coding theory; Cryptography; Data processing;
                 Mathematics; Data encryption (Computer science)",
  tableofcontents = "1. An Overview of the Subject \\
                 Basic Concepts \\
                 Functions \\
                 One-to-One and Onto Functions, Bijections \\
                 Inverse Functions \\
                 Substitution Ciphers \\
                 Attacks on Cryptosystems \\
                 The Vigenere Cipher \\
                 The Playfair Cipher \\
                 The One-Time Pad, Perfect Secrecy \\
                 Chapter 1. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 1. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 Vector/String Conversions \\
                 Integer/Text Conversions \\
                 Programming Basic Ciphers with Integer Arithmetic \\
                 Computer-Generated Random Numbers \\
                 2. Divisibility and Modular Arithmetic \\
                 Divisibility \\
                 Primes \\
                 Greatest Common Divisors and Relatively Prime Integers
                 \\
                 The Division Algorithm \\
                 The Euclidean Algorithm \\
                 Modular Arithmetic and Congruences \\
                 Modular Integer Systems \\
                 Modular Inverses \\
                 Extended Euclidean Algorithm \\
                 Solving Linear Congruences \\
                 Summary of Procedure for Solving the Single Linear
                 Congruence (Equation 2.2) \\
                 The Chinese Remainder Theorem \\
                 Chapter 2. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 2. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 3. The Evolution of Codemaking until the Computer Era
                 \\
                 Ancient Codes \\
                 Formal Definition of a Cryptosystem \\
                 Affine Ciphers \\
                 Steganography \\
                 Nulls \\
                 Homophones \\
                 Composition of Functions \\
                 Tabular Form Notation for Permutations \\
                 The Enigma Machines \\
                 Cycles (Cyclic Permutations) \\
                 Dissection of the Enigma Machine into Permutations \\
                 Special Properties of All Enigma Machines \\
                 Chapter 3. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 3. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 Computer Representations of Permutations \\
                 4. Matrices and the Hill Cryptosystem \\
                 The Anatomy of a Matrix \\
                 Matrix Addition, Subtraction, and Scalar Multiplication
                 \\
                 Matrix Multiplication \\
                 Preview of the Fact That Matrix Multiplication is
                 Associative \\
                 Matrix Arithmetic \\
                 Definition of an Invertible (Square) Matrix \\
                 The Determinant of a Square Matrix \\
                 Inverses of 2 and times; 2 Matrices \\
                 The Transpose of a Matrix \\
                 Modular Integer Matrices \\
                 The Classical Adjoint (for Matrix Inversions) \\
                 The Hill Cryptosystem \\
                 Chapter 4. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 4. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 5. The Evolution of Codebreaking until the Computer Era
                 \\
                 Frequency Analysis Attacks \\
                 The Demise of the Vigenere Cipher \\
                 The Babbage/Kasiski Attack \\
                 The Fridman Attack \\
                 The Index of Coincidence \\
                 Expected Values of the Index of Coincidence \\
                 How Enigmas Were Attacked \\
                 German Usage Protocols for Enigmas \\
                 The Polish Codebreakers \\
                 Rejewski's Attack \\
                 Invariance of Cycle Decomposition Form \\
                 Alan Turing and Bletchley Park \\
                 Chapter 5. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 5. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 Programs to Aid in Frequency Analysis \\
                 Programs to Aid in the Babbage/Kasiski Attack \\
                 Programs Related to the Friedman Attack \\
                 6. Representation and Arithmetic of Integers in
                 Different Bases \\
                 Representation of Integers in Different Bases \\
                 Hex(adecimal) and Binary Expansions \\
                 Addition Algorithm with Base b Expansions \\
                 Subtraction Algorithm in Base b Expansions \\
                 Multiplication Algorithm in Base b Expansions \\
                 Arithmetic with Large Integers \\
                 Fast Modular Exponentiation \\
                 Chapter 6. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 6. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 7. Block Cryptosystems and the Data Encryption Standard
                 (DES) \\
                 The Evolution of Computers into Cryptosystems \\
                 DES is Adopted to Fulfill an Important Need \\
                 The XOR Operation \\
                 Feistel Cryptosystems \\
                 A Scaled-Down Version of DES \\
                 DES \\
                 The Fall of DES \\
                 Triple DES \\
                 Modes of Operation for Block Cryptosystems \\
                 Electronic Codebook (ECB) Mode \\
                 Cipherblock Chaining (CBC) Mode \\
                 Cipher Feedback (CFB) Mode \\
                 Output Feedback (OFB) Mode \\
                 Chapter 7. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 7. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 8. Some Number Theory and Algorithms \\
                 The Prime Number Theorem \\
                 Fermat's Little Theorem \\
                 The Euler Phi Function \\
                 Euler's Theorem \\
                 Modular Orders of Invertible Modular Integers \\
                 Primitive Roots \\
                 Existence of Primitive Roots \\
                 Determination of Primitive Roots \\
                 Order of Powers Formula \\
                 Prime Number Generation \\
                 Fermat's Primality Test \\
                 Carmichael Numbers \\
                 The Miller-Rabin Test \\
                 The Miller-Rabin Test with a Factoring Enhancement \\
                 The Pollard p - 1 Factoring Algorithm \\
                 Chapter 8. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 8. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 9. Public Key Cryptography \\
                 An Informal Analogy for a Public Key Cryptosystem \\
                 The Quest for Secure Electronic Key Exchange \\
                 One-Way Functions \\
                 Review of the Discrete Logarithm Problem \\
                 The Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange \\
                 The Quest for a Complete Public Key Cryptosystem \\
                 The RSA Cryptosystem \\
                 Digital Signatures and Authentication \\
                 The ElGamal Cryptosystem \\
                 Digital Signatures with ElGamal \\
                 Knapsack Problems \\
                 The Merkle-Hellman Knapsack Cryptosystem \\
                 Government Controls on Cryptography \\
                 A Security Guarantee for RSA \\
                 Chapter 9. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 9. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 10. Finite Fields in General, and GF(28) in Particular
                 \\
                 Binary Operations \\
                 Rings \\
                 Fields \\
                 Zp[X] = the Polynomials with Coefficients in Zp \\
                 Addition and Multiplication of Polynomials in Zp[X] \\
                 Vector Representation of Polynomials \\
                 Zp[X] is a Ring \\
                 Divisibility in Zp[X] \\
                 The Division Algorithm for Zp[X] \\
                 Congruences in Zp[X] Modulo a Fixed Polynomial \\
                 Building Finite Fields from Zp[X] \\
                 The Fields GF(24) and GF(28) \\
                 The Euclidean Algorithm for Polynomials \\
                 Chapter 10. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 10. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 11. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Protocol \\
                 An Open Call for a Replacement to DES \\
                 Nibbles \\
                 A Scaled-Down Version of AES \\
                 Decryption in the Scaled-Down Version of AES \\
                 AES \\
                 Byte Representation and Arithmetic \\
                 The AES Encryption Algorithm \\
                 The AES Decryption Algorithm \\
                 Security of the AES \\
                 Chapter 11. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 11. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 12. Elliptic Curve Cryptography \\
                 Elliptic Curves over the Real Numbers \\
                 The Addition Operation for Elliptic Curves \\
                 Groups \\
                 Elliptic Curves over Zp \\
                 The Variety of Sizes of Modular Elliptic Curves \\
                 The Addition Operation for Elliptic Curves over Zp \\
                 The Discrete Logarithm Problem on Modular Elliptic
                 Curves \\
                 An Elliptic Curve Version of the Diffie-Hellman Key
                 Exchange \\
                 Fast Integer Multiplication of Points on Modular
                 Elliptic Curves \\
                 Representing Plaintexts on Modular Elliptic Curves \\
                 An Elliptic Curve Version of the ElGamal Cryptosystem
                 \\
                 A Factoring Algorithm Based on Elliptic Curves \\
                 Chapter 12. Exercises \\
                 Chapter 12. Computer Implementations and Exercises \\
                 Appendices \\
                 Appendix A. Sets and Basic Counting Principles \\
                 Concepts and Notations for Sets \\
                 Two Basic Counting Principles \\
                 Appendix B. Randomness and Probability \\
                 Probability Terminology and Axioms \\
                 Conditional Probability \\
                 Conditioning and Bayes' Formula \\
                 Random Variables \\
                 Appendix C. Solutions to All Exercises for the Reader
                 \\
                 Chapter 1. An Overview of the Subject \\
                 Chapter 2. Divisibility and Modular Arithmetic \\
                 Chapter 3. The Evolution of Codemaking until the
                 Computer Era \\
                 Chapter 4. Matrices and the Hill Cryptosystem \\
                 Chapter 5. The Evolution of Codebreaking until the
                 Computer Era \\
                 Chapter 6. Representation and Arithmetic of Integers in
                 Different Bases \\
                 Chapter 7. Block Cryptosystems and the Data Encryption
                 Standard (DES) \\
                 Chapter 8. Some Number Theory and Algorithms \\
                 Chapter 9. Public Key Cryptography \\
                 Chapter 10. Finite Fields in General, and GF(28) in
                 Particular \\
                 Chapter 11. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
                 Protocol \\
                 Chapter 12. Elliptic Curve Cryptography \\
                 Appendix D. Answers and Brief Solutions to Selected
                 Odd-Numbered Exercises \\
                 Chapter 1 \\
                 Chapter 2 \\
                 Chapter 3 \\
                 Chapter 4 \\
                 Chapter 5 \\
                 Chapter 6 \\
                 Chapter 7 \\
                 Chapter 8 \\
                 Chapter 9 \\
                 Chapter 10 \\
                 Chapter 11 \\
                 Chapter 12 \\
                 Appendix E. Suggestions for Further Reading \\
                 Synopsis \\
                 History of Cryptography \\
                 Mathematical Foundations \\
                 Computer Implementations \\
                 Elliptic Curves \\
                 Additional Topics in Cryptography",
}

@Article{Sussman:2011:BRS,
  author =       "Herbert Sussman",
  title =        "Book Review: Steampunk at {Oxford}:
                 {{\booktitle{Steampunk}}, by Art Donovan.
                 \booktitle{Steampunk Neuromancer}, by William Gibson.
                 \booktitle{The Difference Engine} by William Gibson and
                 Bruce Sterling. \booktitle{League of Extraordinary
                 Gentlemen}, by Stephen Norrington. \booktitle{The War
                 Lord of the Air} by Michael Moorcock. \booktitle{League
                 of Extraordinary Gentlemen}, Vol. 1, by Alan Moore and
                 Kevin O'Neill; \booktitle{The Thrilling Adventures of
                 Lovelace and Babbage} by Sydney Padua, The Museum of
                 the History of Science}",
  journal =      j-VIC-LIT-CULT,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "278--284",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2011",
  ISSN =         "1060-1503 (print), 1470-1553 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1060-1503",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 14:11:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Victorian Literature and Culture",
}

@Article{Swade:2011:PPA,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "Pioneer Profile: {Ada Lovelace}",
  journal =      "Resurrection: The Computer Conservation Society
                 Journal",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "53",
  pages =        "31--33",
  year =         "2011",
  ISSN =         "0958-7403",
  ISSN-L =       "0958-7403",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 21:28:26 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib",
  URL =          "https://computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res53.htm#g",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Swade:2011:PEC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "Pre-electronic Computing",
  crossref =     "Jones:2011:DHC",
  pages =        "58--83",
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24541-1_7",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 07 13:52:38 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-24541-1_7",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bessenyei:2012:FEF,
  author =       "Mih{\'a}ly Bessenyei and G{\'a}bor Horv{\'a}th and
                 Csaba G. K{\'e}zi",
  title =        "Functional equations on finite groups of
                 substitutions",
  journal =      j-EXPO-MATH,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "283--294",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exmath.2012.03.004",
  ISSN =         "????",
  ISSN-L =       "0723-0869",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0723086912000266",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Expositiones Mathematicae",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07230869",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Book{Chaline:2012:FMC,
  author =       "Eric Chaline",
  title =        "Fifty machines that changed the course of history",
  publisher =    "Firefly Books",
  address =      "Buffalo, NY, USA",
  pages =        "224",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "1-77085-090-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-77085-090-3",
  LCCN =         "T19 .C47 2012",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:39:29 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  abstract =     "Gives the historical and technological context behind
                 fifty machines that influenced the development of human
                 civilization. ``Survey of the mechanical devices that
                 propelled 18th-century society into the 19th and 20th
                 centuries. The book celebrates more than 200 years of
                 technological development at the height of the
                 Industrial Revolution. These are not generic inventions
                 but rather specific, branded machines whose names in
                 many cases have become synonymous with the machine or
                 its purpose. The entries fall into eight categories
                 relating to their sphere of influence: Industry,
                 Agriculture, Media, Transport, Science, Computing,
                 Energy and Home. Concise text describes the machines,
                 what led to their invention, and the effects on
                 society.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Inventions; History; Machinery",
  tableofcontents = "Jacquard loom \\
                 Roberts' lathe \\
                 Stephenson's ``rocket'' \\
                 Roberts' loom \\
                 Whitworth planing machines \\
                 Corliss steam engine \\
                 Babbage Difference Engine \\
                 Singer ``turtle back'' sewing machine \\
                 SS Great Eastern \\
                 Hyatt stuffing machine \\
                 Gramme machine \\
                 Linotype machine \\
                 Parsons' steam turbine \\
                 ``Rover'' safety bicycle \\
                 Westinghouse AC system \\
                 Berliner ``gramophone'' \\
                 Lumi{\~A}{\"r}e ``cin{\~A}\copyright{}matographe'' \\
                 Marconi radio \\
                 Diesel engine \\
                 Underwood no. 1 typewriter \\
                 Kodak ``brownie'' camera \\
                 Tungsram light bulb \\
                 Automatic electric candlestick telephone \\
                 Model T Ford \\
                 Hoover suction sweeper \\
                 Holt Caterpillar combine harvester \\
                 Black and Decker electric drill \\
                 G.E. ``monitor top'' refrigerator \\
                 LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin \\
                 Baird ``televisor'' \\
                 Philco-York air conditioner \\
                 Siemens electron microscope \\
                 Mittlewerk V-2 rocket \\
                 G.E. top-loading washing machine \\
                 Ampex model 200A tape recorder \\
                 De Havilland DH106 Comet \\
                 Victa Rotomo fan mower \\
                 Magnox nuclear reactor \\
                 Unimate 1900 \\
                 Saturn V rocket \\
                 EMI CT scanner \\
                 JVC HR-3300EK \\
                 Atari 2600 \\
                 Sony TPS-L2 ``walkman'' \\
                 Vestas HVK10 \\
                 IBM PC 5150 \\
                 Hayes smartmodem 300 \\
                 ABI 370A DNA sequencer \\
                 Hubble space telescope \\
                 Motorola StarTAC",
}

@Book{Curley:2012:AIA,
  author =       "Robert Curley",
  title =        "Architects of the Information Age",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "Britannica Educational Publishing",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "178 (est.)",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "1-61530-717-6 (print), 1-61530-661-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-61530-717-3 (print), 978-1-61530-661-9",
  ISSN =         "",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  price =        "29.95 (NL)",
  series =       "Computing and Connecting in the 21st Century",
  abstract =     "The rapid development of computer technology since the
                 mid-20th century would not have even been imaginable
                 without the brainpower of individuals dedicated to
                 innovation and turning the seemingly impossible into
                 reality. As far back as the eighteenth century,
                 inventors began setting the stage for future minds to
                 advance hardware and software that would change our
                 world forever. This engaging volume introduces readers
                 to the titans of the technology industry, including
                 Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Mark Zuckerberg, among many
                 others.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Description based upon print version of record.",
  tableofcontents = "Cover \\
                 Half Title \\
                 Title \\
                 Copyright \\
                 Contents \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Chapter 1 Joseph-Marie Jacquard \\
                 Chapter 2 Charles Babbage \\
                 Chapter 3 Lady Lovelace \\
                 Chapter 4 George Boole \\
                 Chapter 5 Herman Hollerith \\
                 Chapter 6 Thomas Watson, Sr., and Thomas Watson, Jr.
                 \\
                 Chapter 7 Vannevar Bush \\
                 Chapter 8 John Vincent Atanasoff \\
                 Chapter 9 Grace Hopper \\
                 Chapter 10 John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert \\
                 Chapter 11 Howard Aiken \\
                 Chapter 12 William Shockley \\
                 Chapter 13 Alan Turing / Ultra Wins the War \\
                 Chapter 14 William Hewlett and David Packard \\
                 Chapter 15 Maurice Wilkes \\
                 Chapter 16 Claude Shannon \\
                 Chapter 17 Tom Kilburn \\
                 Chapter 18 Alan Perlis \\
                 Chapter 19 Seymour Cray \\
                 Chapter 20 Douglas Engelbart \\
                 Chapter 21 Marvin Minsky \\
                 Chapter 22 Robert Noyce / The ``traitorous Eight''
                 Found Fairchild Semiconductor \\
                 Chapter 23 Gordon Moore \\
                 Chapter 24 Manuel Blum / Captcha \\
                 Chapter 25 Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf \\
                 Chapter 26 Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson \\
                 Chapter 27 Charles Thacker \\
                 Chapter 28 Narayana Murthy \\
                 Chapter 29 Stephen Wozniak \\
                 Chapter 30 Richard Stallman \\
                 Chapter 31 Rodney Brooks \\
                 Chapter 32 Carly Fiorina \\
                 Chapter 33 Steve Jobs / The GUI \\
                 Chapter 34 Tim Berners-Lee \\
                 Chapter 35 Bill Gates \\
                 Chapter 36 Danny Hillis \\
                 Chapter 37 Meg Whitman \\
                 Chapter 38 Michael Dell \\
                 Chapter 39 Jimmy Wales / Wikiwiki \\
                 Chapter 40 Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis \\
                 Chapter 41 Linus Torvalds \\
                 Chapter 42 Marc Andreessen \\
                 Chapter 43 Julian Assange \\
                 Chapter 44 Sergey Brin and Larry Page \\
                 Chapter 45 Jack Dorsey, ``Biz'' Stone, and Evan Willams
                 / 140 Characters At a Time \\
                 Chapter 46 Sean Parker \\
                 Chapter 47 Mark Zuckerberg \\
                 Glossary \\
                 Bibliography \\
                 Index \\
                 Back Cover",
}

@Book{Hartree:2012:CIM,
  author =       "Douglas R. Hartree",
  title =        "Calculating Instruments and Machines",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "1-107-63065-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-107-63065-9 (paperback)",
  MRclass =      "01A75, 68-03, 68Q05, 65-03",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 5 11:08:56 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hartree-douglas-r.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Hartree:1950:CIM}.",
  URL =          "https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/mathematics/historical-mathematical-texts/calculating-instruments-and-machines",
  ZMnumber =     "1250.01026",
  abstract =     "Originally published in 1950, this book was based on a
                 short series of lectures given by the author at the
                 University of Illinois in 1948. Aimed at the
                 non-specialist, the chief aim of the text was to
                 provide a general introduction to contemporary
                 developments in the field of calculating instruments
                 and machines. But there is some treatment of the
                 historical side of the subject, with appreciation shown
                 for the vision and foresight of key pioneers Charles
                 Babbage and Lord Kelvin. This is a concise and
                 informative volume that will be of value to anyone with
                 an interest in the development and history of
                 computation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897--12 February
                 1958)",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction \\
                 2. The differential analyser \\
                 3. The differential analyser and partial differential
                 equations \\
                 4. Some other instruments \\
                 5. Introduction to large automatic digital machines \\
                 6. Charles Babbage and the analytical engine \\
                 7. The first stage of development \\
                 8. Projects and prospects \\
                 9. High-speed automatic digital machines and numerical
                 analysis \\
                 References \\
                 Names index \\
                 Subject index",
  ZBmath =       "6093528",
}

@Article{Hooper:2012:ALM,
  author =       "Rowan Hooper",
  title =        "{Ada Lovelace}: My brain is more than merely mortal",
  journal =      j-NEW-SCIENTIST,
  volume =       "216",
  number =       "2886",
  pages =        "29",
  day =          "13",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "NWSCAL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(12)62633-5",
  ISSN =         "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0262-4079",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 21:51:39 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262407912626335",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079",
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
}

@Book{Krysa:2012:ALN,
  author =       "Joasia Krysa and Luigi Federico Menabrea",
  title =        "{Ada Lovelace}: 100 Notes, 100 Thought",
  volume =       "055",
  publisher =    "Hatje Cantz Verlag",
  address =      "Kassel, Germany",
  pages =        "34",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "3-7757-2904-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-7757-2904-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA29.L72 A33 2011",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:30:19 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Published in conjunction with the exhibition Documenta
                 13, held June 9--September 16, 2012.",
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Babbage, Charles;
                 Punched card systems; History",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852; 1791--1871",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction / Joasia Krysa \\
                 Einf{\"u}hrung / Joasia Krysa \\
                 Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles
                 Babbage, Esq. / by L. F. Menabrea, of Turin, officer of
                 the military engineers \\
                 Letter from Mr. C. Babbage to Augusta, Ada, Countess of
                 Lovelace \\
                 Letter from Augusta, Ada, Countess of Lovelace to Mr.
                 C. Babbage: Sunday, 2 July 1843 \\
                 Letter from Augusta, Ada, Countess of Lovelace to Mr.
                 C. Babbage: Thursday, 4 July 1843 \\
                 Ada Lovelace, The Rainbow, 1851",
}

@Book{Lovelace:2012:AL,
  author =       "Ada Lovelace",
  title =        "{Ada Lovelace}",
  publisher =    "Hatje Cantz Verlag",
  address =      "Kassel, Germany",
  pages =        "34",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "3-7757-2904-6, 3-7757-3084-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-7757-2904-8, 978-3-7757-3084-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 04 05:51:28 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  URL =          "http://ebooks.ciando.com/book/index.cfm/bok_id/304705;
                 http://www.ciando.com/img/books/width167/3775730842_k.jpg;
                 http://www.ciando.com/pictures/bib/3775730842bib_t_1.jpg",
  abstract =     "Die englische Schriftstellerin Augusta Ada King,
                 Countess of Lovelace, Tochter Lord Byrons, entwickelte
                 bereits in ihrer Jugend ein tiefes Interesse f{\"u}r
                 die Mathematik, insbesondere f{\"u}r Charles Babbages
                 Arbeit an der Analytical Engine (Analytischen
                 Maschine). In diesem Notizbuch findet sich,
                 eingef{\"u}hrt von Joasia Krysa, die vollst{\"a}ndige
                 Reproduktion ihrer ber{\"u}hmten {\em Anmerkung G},
                 eine aus einer ganzen Reihe von Anmerkungen, mit denen
                 sie ihre {\"U}bersetzung eines Textes von Luigi
                 Federico Menebrae {\"u}ber Babbages Recherchen
                 kommentierte. Die Anmerkung G enth{\"a}lt einen
                 Algorithmus, eine Art Software, die Babbages Maschine
                 --- die zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch gar nicht existierte
                 --- in die Lage versetzen sollte, bestimmte
                 Rechenprozesse durchzuf{\"u}hren, und die gemeinhin als
                 erstes Computerprogramm gilt. W{\"a}hrend Lovelace in
                 der Anmerkung G Zweifel an der F{\"a}higkeit eines
                 Computers, {\em k{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz zu
                 entwickeln}, {\"a}u{\ss}ert, sieht sie an anderer
                 Stelle voraus, dass die T{\"a}tigkeit der Maschine
                 {\"u}ber das reine Rechnen hinausgehen k{\"o}nnte. In
                 ihrem Denken gelang es ihr, {\em den wissenschaftlichen
                 Rationalismus mit einer subjektiven Vorstellungskraft
                 zu verbinden}. Die Anmerkung G wird erg{\"a}nzt durch
                 ausgew{\"a}hlte Briefe aus Lovelaces Korrespondenz mit
                 Babbage sowie ihr Sonett \booktitle{The Rainbow}. Ada
                 Lovelace (1815--1852) war eine englische
                 Schriftstellerin. Joasia Krysa is a Kuratorin,
                 Wissenschaftlerin und Agentin der DOCUMENTA (13).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Introduction / Joasia Krysa \\
                 Einf{\"u}hrung / Joasia Krysa \\
                 Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles
                 Babbage, Esq. / by L. F. Menabrea, of Turin, officer of
                 the military engineers \\
                 Letter from Mr. C. Babbage to Augusta, Ada, Countess of
                 Lovelace \\
                 Letter from Augusta, Ada, Countess of Lovelace to Mr.
                 C. Babbage: Sunday, 2 July 1843 \\
                 Letter from Augusta, Ada, Countess of Lovelace to Mr.
                 C. Babbage: Thursday, 4 July 1843 \\
                 Ada Lovelace, The Rainbow, 1851",
}

@Book{ORegan:2012:BHC,
  author =       "Gerard O'Regan",
  title =        "A brief history of computing",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  edition =      "2.",
  year =         "2012",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2359-0",
  ISBN =         "1-4471-2359-X (e-book), 1-4471-2358-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4471-2359-0 (e-book), 978-1-4471-2358-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  abstract =     "This lively and fascinating text traces the key
                 developments in computation --- from 3000 B.C. to the
                 present day --- in an easy-to-follow and concise
                 manner. Topics and features: ideal for self-study,
                 offering many pedagogical features such as
                 chapter-opening key topics, chapter introductions and
                 summaries, exercises, and a glossary; presents detailed
                 information on major figures in computing, such as
                 Boole, Babbage, Shannon, Turing, Zuse and Von Neumann;
                 reviews the history of software engineering and of
                 programming languages, including syntax and semantics;
                 discusses the progress of artificial intelligence, with
                 extension to such key disciplines as philosophy,
                 psychology, linguistics, neural networks and
                 cybernetics; examines the impact on society of the
                 introduction of the personal computer, the World Wide
                 Web, and the development of mobile phone technology;
                 follows the evolution of a number of major technology
                 companies, including IBM, Microsoft and Apple. Dr.
                 Gerard O'Regan is a CMMI software process improvement
                 consultant at SQC Consulting, and a visiting lecturer
                 at Limkokwing University of Creative Technology,
                 Malaysia. He is the author of the Springer titles
                 Introduction to Software Process Improvement,
                 Mathematical Approaches to Software Quality and A
                 Practical Approach to Software Quality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; History",
  tableofcontents = "Computing in Early Civilisations \\
                 What Is a Computer? \\
                 Early Computers \\
                 Developments in the 1950s-1970s \\
                 Revolutions in the 1980s and 1990s IBM \\
                 Technology Companies \\
                 The Internet Revolution \\
                 History of Programming Languages \\
                 History of Software Engineering \\
                 People in Computing Foundations (Boole and Babbage) \\
                 Claude Shannon Alan Turing \\
                 Artificial Intelligence",
}

@Book{Plotkin:2012:CSM,
  author =       "Robert Plotkin",
  title =        "Computers in science and mathematics",
  publisher =    "Facts on File",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xxiii + 168",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "0-8160-7757-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8160-7757-1",
  LCCN =         "Q183.9 .P56 2012",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:39:29 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "cat.libraries.psu.edu:2200/Unicorn;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "Computers, internet, and society",
  abstract =     "Explores how computers have enhanced the study of
                 science and mathematics by improving calculation speeds
                 in such areas as simulation, weather, and
                 cryptography.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Science; Data processing; Mathematics; Computers;
                 History",
  tableofcontents = "1. Before Computers: Mechanizing Arithmetic,
                 Counting, and Sorting \\
                 Mathematics before Written Mathematical Notation \\
                 Written Number Systems \\
                 Early Mechanical Calculators \\
                 The Abacus \\
                 Mechanical Calculators in the Nineteenth Century \\
                 The Analytical Engine \\
                 Charles Babbage: Inventor of Nineteenth-Century
                 Computer Known as the Analytical Engine \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 2. Early Computers: Automating Computation \\
                 The Hollerith Tabulator \\
                 The Harvard Mark I \\
                 The Bombe: The Decryption Machine That Ended World War
                 II \\
                 The ENIAC: The First Modern Computer \\
                 The EDVAC: The von Neumann Architecture \\
                 From Special-Purpose to General-Purpose Computers \\
                 Electronic Processors and Memory Make Modern Computers
                 Possible \\
                 Alan Turing: Creator of the Concept of the Modern
                 Computer and Inventor of Early Computers \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 3. Cryptography: Sending Secret Messages \\
                 Cryptography in the Ancient World \\
                 Cryptography in World War II \\
                 The Problem with Shared Keys: The Man-in-the-Middle
                 Attack \\
                 The Solution: Public-Key Cryptography \\
                 Using Public-Key Cryptography for Digital Signatures
                 \\
                 Cryptography in Everyday Life \\
                 Challenges in Cryptography Today \\
                 Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman: Inventors of RSA
                 Encryption Algorithm \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 4. Mathematical Proofs: Computers Find Truth \\
                 Types of Mathematical Proofs \\
                 Proof: The Square Root of 2 Is an Irrational Number \\
                 What Is a Computer-Assisted Proof? \\
                 Benefits of Computer-Assisted Proofs \\
                 Objections to Computer-Assisted Proofs \\
                 Role of Mathematicians in Computer-Assisted Proofs \\
                 Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken: Mathematicians Who
                 Used Computer Software to Prove the ``Four-Color
                 Theorem'' \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 5. Simulation: Creating Worlds Inside a Computer \\
                 Simulators for Training \\
                 Simulators for Entertainment \\
                 Second Life \\
                 Simulators for Scientific Experimentation \\
                 Simulators in the Social Sciences \\
                 Simulators for Engineering \\
                 Jay Forrester, Creator of Some of the Earliest Computer
                 Simulators \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 6. Weather: Mapping the Past, Predicting the Future \\
                 Early Weather Prediction Machines \\
                 Why Predicting Weather Is So Difficult: The ``Butterfly
                 Effect'' \\
                 The Role of Computer Models in Weather Prediction \\
                 Long-term Climate Models \\
                 Sensors and Weather Prediction \\
                 Understanding Weather Prediction Accuracy \\
                 Francis Beaufort, Creator of the ``Beaufort Scale'' for
                 Measuring Wind Speed \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 7. Computer-Inspired Biology: Making Computers from
                 Living Things \\
                 What Is DNA? \\
                 DNA Computing \\
                 Using DNA to Solve the Traveling Salesman Problem \\
                 The Benefits of DNA Computing \\
                 The Challenges of DNA Computing \\
                 Objections to DNA Computing \\
                 Tom Knight, MIT Computer Science Professor and Pioneer
                 in Using Biological Materials to Perform Computations
                 \\
                 Conclusions \\
                 8. Biology-Inspired Computing: Learning from Nature \\
                 Limitations of Traditional Computers \\
                 An Allegory: Software CEO Meets Automobile CEO \\
                 Artificial Neural Networks \\
                 Evolutionary Computation \\
                 Artificial Immune Systems and Autonomic Computing \\
                 Simulated Annealing \\
                 Swarm Intelligence \\
                 Peter Bentley, Author and Expert on Biology-Inspired
                 Computing \\
                 Conclusions",
}

@Book{Watson:2012:UMH,
  author =       "Ian Watson",
  title =        "The Universal Machine: From the Dawn of Computing to
                 Digital Consciousness",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 353",
  year =         "2012",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28102-0",
  ISBN =         "3-642-28101-X, 3-642-28102-8 (print)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-642-28101-3, 978-3-642-28102-0 (print)",
  LCCN =         "QA75.5-76.95",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:40:11 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  abstract =     "The computer unlike other inventions is universal; you
                 can use a computer for many tasks: writing, composing
                 music, designing buildings, creating movies, inhabiting
                 virtual worlds, communicating\ldots{} \par

                 This popular science history isn't just about
                 technology but introduces the pioneers: Babbage,
                 Turing, Apple's Wozniak and Jobs, Bill Gates, Tim
                 Berners-Lee, Mark Zuckerberg. This story is about
                 people and the changes computers have caused. In the
                 future ubiquitous computing, AI, quantum and molecular
                 computing could even make us immortal. The computer has
                 been a radical invention. In less than a single human
                 life computers are transforming economies and societies
                 like no human invention before.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; Mathematics; Computer Science,
                 general; Popular Science in Mathematics/Computer
                 Science/Natural Science/Technology",
  tableofcontents = "What is a Universal Tool? \\
                 Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine \\
                 Office Automation \\
                 Computers go to War \\
                 Computers go to Work \\
                 Deadheads \& Propeller Heads \\
                 The Computer gets Personal \\
                 The Computer Revolution \\
                 Weaving the Web \\
                 Apple is Reborn \\
                 Over the Horizon \\
                 Resources \\
                 Competitors \\
                 About the Author \\
                 Published books",
}

@Article{Mobbs:2013:ABB,
  author =       "Tessa Mobbs and Robert William Unwin",
  title =        "Additions to the {Babbage} bibliography",
  journal =      j-NOTES-REC-R-SOC-LOND,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "91--93",
  day =          "20",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "NOREAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2012.0061",
  ISSN =         "0035-9149 (print), 1743-0178 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9149",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 11:05:07 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.",
  fjournal =     "Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London",
  journal-URL =  "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr",
  published =    "21 November 2012",
}

@Article{Severance:2013:JCH,
  author =       "Charles Severance",
  title =        "{John C. Hollar}: History of Computing",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "13--14",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2013.318",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 13 15:10:18 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/computer",
  keywords =     "Atanasoff--Berry Computer (ABC); Charles Babbage;
                 Computer History Museum; Difference Engine; ENIAC;
                 Enigma coding machine; IBM System/360; Jack Kilby;
                 Johnniac",
}

@InCollection{Swade:2013:ODC,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "Origins of Digital Computing: {Alan Turing}, {Charles
                 Babbage}, and {Ada Lovelace}",
  crossref =     "Zenil:2013:CUU",
  pages =        "23--43",
  year =         "2013",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814374309_0002",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 01 11:10:58 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Dasgupta:2014:IBB,
  author =       "Subrata Dasgupta",
  title =        "It began with {Babbage}: the genesis of computer
                 science",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "x + 328",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "0-19-930941-8 (hardcover), 0-19-930942-6 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-930941-2 (hardcover), 978-0-19-930942-9
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.17 .D36 2014",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 1 07:14:17 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; History; 19th century; 20th
                 century",
  tableofcontents = "Prologue \\
                 1. Leibniz's Theme, Babbage's Dream \\
                 2. Weaving Algebraic Pattern 3. Missing Links \\
                 4. Entscheidungsproblem: What's in a Word? \\
                 5. Towards a Holy Grail \\
                 6. Intermezzo \\
                 7. A Tangled Web of Inventions \\
                 8. A Paradigm is Born \\
                 9. A Liminal Artifact of an Uncommon Nature \\
                 10. Glimpses of a Scientific Style \\
                 11. I Compute, Therefore I Am \\
                 12. `The Best Way to Design EL' \\
                 13. Language Games \\
                 14. Going Heuristic \\
                 15. An Explosion of Subparadigms \\
                 16. Aesthetica \\
                 Epilogue \\
                 Dramatis personae \\
                 Bibliography",
}

@Book{Essinger:2014:AAH,
  author =       "James Essinger",
  title =        "{Ada}'s algorithm: how {Lord Byron}'s daughter {Ada
                 Lovelace} launched the digital age",
  publisher =    "Melville House",
  address =      "Brooklyn, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xvi + 254",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-61219-408-7 (hardcover), 1-61219-409-5 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-61219-408-0 (hardcover), 978-1-61219-409-7
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA29.L72 E87 2014",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 3 08:18:00 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "The world's first computer programmer and daughter of
                 Lord Byron finally gets credit for her research in this
                 gossipy short biography. Over 150 years after her
                 death, a widely-used scientific computer program was
                 named ``Ada,'' after Ada Lovelace, the only legitimate
                 daughter of the eighteenth century's version of a rock
                 star, Lord Byron. Why? Because, after computer pioneers
                 such as Alan Turing began to rediscover her, it slowly
                 became apparent that she had been a key but overlooked
                 figure in the invention of the computer. In Ada
                 Lovelace, James Essinger makes the case that the
                 computer age could have started two centuries ago if
                 Lovelace's contemporaries had recognized her research
                 and fully grasped its implications. It's a remarkable
                 tale, starting with the outrageous behavior of her
                 father, which made Ada instantly famous upon birth. Ada
                 would go on to overcome numerous obstacles to obtain a
                 level of education typically forbidden to women of her
                 day. She would eventually join forces with Charles
                 Babbage, generally credited with inventing the
                 computer, although as Essinger makes clear, Babbage
                 couldn't have done it without Lovelace. Indeed,
                 Lovelace wrote what is today considered the world's
                 first computer program --- despite opposition that the
                 principles of science were ``beyond the strength of a
                 woman's physical power of application.'' Based on ten
                 years of research and filled with fascinating
                 characters and observations of the period, not to
                 mention numerous illustrations, Essinger tells Ada's
                 fascinating story in unprecedented detail to absorbing
                 and inspiring effect.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1957--",
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Babbage, Charles;
                 Women mathematicians; Great Britain; Biography;
                 Mathematicians; Computers; History; 19th century;
                 COMPUTERS / History; BIOGRAPHY and AUTOBIOGRAPHY /
                 Women; HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852; 1791--1871",
  tableofcontents = "Poetic beginnings \\
                 Lord Byron: a scandalous ancestry \\
                 Annabella: Anglo-Saxon attitudes \\
                 The manor of parallelograms \\
                 The art of flying \\
                 Love \\
                 Silken threads \\
                 When Ada met Charles \\
                 The thinking machine \\
                 Kinship \\
                 Mad scientist \\
                 The analytical engine \\
                 The Jacquard loom \\
                 A mind with a view \\
                 Ada's offer to Babbage \\
                 The Enchantress of Number \\
                 A horrible death \\
                 Redemption",
}

@Book{Essinger:2014:FGH,
  author =       "James Essinger",
  title =        "A female genius: how {Ada Lovelace} {Lord Byron}'s
                 daughter, started the computer age",
  publisher =    "Gibson Square",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "256",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-908096-66-7 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-908096-66-1 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QA29.L72 E87 2014",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 15 13:45:31 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1957--",
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Babbage, Charles;
                 Women mathematicians; Great Britain; Biography;
                 Mathematicians; Computers; History; 19th century;
                 Calculators",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852 (Ada Lovelace); 1791--1871 (Charles
                 Babbage)",
}

@Article{Fisch:2014:BTL,
  author =       "Menachem Fisch",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s two lives",
  journal =      j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "95--118",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "BJHSAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S000708741300037X",
  ISSN =         "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0007-0874",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 5 15:49:57 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs2010.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "British J. Hist. Sci.",
  fjournal =     "British Journal for the History of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH",
  onlinedate =   "04 July 2013",
}

@Book{Isaacson:2014:IHG,
  author =       "Walter Isaacson",
  title =        "The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses and
                 Geeks Created the Digital Revolution",
  publisher =    pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER,
  address =      pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 542",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-4711-3879-8 (hardcover), 1-4767-0869-X (cloth),
                 1-4711-3897-6 (paperback), 1-4104-7497-6 (cloth),
                 1-4767-0870-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4711-3879-9 (hardcover), 978-1-4767-0869-0
                 (cloth), 978-1-4711-3897-3 (paperback),
                 978-1-4104-7497-1 (cloth), 978-1-4767-0870-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.A2",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 21:35:36 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  abstract =     "\booktitle{The Innovators} is Walter Isaacson's
                 revealing story of the people who created the computer
                 and the Internet. It is also a history of the digital
                 revolution and a guide to how innovation really
                 happens. What were the talents that allowed certain
                 inventors and entrepreneurs to turn their visionary
                 ideas into disruptive realities? What led to their
                 creative leaps? Why did some succeed and others fail?
                 Isaacson begins with Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron's
                 daughter, who pioneered computer programming in the
                 1840s. He explores the fascinating personalities that
                 created our current digital revolution, such as
                 Vannevar Bush, Alan Turing, John von Neumann, J. C. R.
                 Licklider, Doug Engelbart, Robert Noyce, Bill Gates,
                 Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, Tim Berners-Lee, and Larry
                 Page. This is the story of how their minds worked and
                 what made them so inventive. It's also a narrative of
                 how their ability to collaborate and master the art of
                 teamwork made them even more creative. For an era that
                 seeks to foster innovation, creativity, and teamwork,
                 \booktitle{The Innovators} shows how they happen",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Babbage, Charles;
                 Bush, Vannevar; Eckert, John Presper; Licklider, J. C.
                 R; Mauchly, John William; Noyce, Robert Norton;
                 Roberts, Lawrence G; Shockley, William; Computer
                 scientists; Biography; Computer science; History;
                 Internet; Creative ability in technology",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852; 1791--1871; 1890--1974; 1919--1995;
                 1907--1980; 1927--1990; 1910--1989",
  tableofcontents = "Illustrated Timeline / x \\
                 Introduction / 1 \\
                 Ada, Countess of Lovelace / 7 \\
                 The computer / 35 \\
                 Programming / 82 \\
                 The transistor / 131 \\
                 The microchip / 171 \\
                 Video games / 201 \\
                 The Internet / 212 \\
                 The personal computer / 263 \\
                 Software / 313 \\
                 Online / 383 \\
                 The Web / 405 \\
                 Ada forever / 467 \\
                 Acknowledgments / 491 \\
                 Notes / 493 \\
                 Photo Credits / 525 \\
                 Index / 529",
}

@Article{Koutalis:2014:MDB,
  author =       "Vangelis Koutalis",
  title =        "Making discoveries for a better life vs. bringing
                 fruits to the national treasury: {Davy}, {Babbage},
                 {Brewster} and the (ongoing) struggle for the soul of
                 science",
  journal =      j-ALMAGEST,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "52--109",
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1484/J.ALMAGEST.5.102473",
  ISSN =         "1792-2593",
  ISSN-L =       "1792-2593",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 7 18:15:00 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/almagest.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/epdf/10.1484/J.ALMAGEST.5.102473",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Almagest",
  fjournal =     "Almagest: International Journal for the History of
                 Scientific Ideas",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.brepolsonline.net/loi/almagest",
}

@Article{Lavington:2014:BRI,
  author =       "Simon Lavington",
  title =        "Book Review: It Began with {Babbage}",
  journal =      "Resurrection: The Computer Conservation Society
                 Journal",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "65",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "2014",
  ISSN =         "0958-7403",
  ISSN-L =       "0958-7403",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 21:40:15 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res65.htm#f",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Short review of \cite{Dasgupta:2014:IBB}.",
}

@Article{Bowen:2015:BRI,
  author =       "Jonathan P. Bowen",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{It began with Babbage: the
                 genesis of computer science}}, by Subrata Dasgupta}",
  journal =      j-BSHM-BULL,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "263--265",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2015.1036336",
  ISSN =         "1749-8430 (print), 1749-8341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1749-8341",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 20 11:40:34 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bshm.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2015.1036336",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "BSHM Bull.",
  fjournal =     "BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the
                 History of Mathematics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tbsh20",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2015",
}

@Article{Fuegi:2015:LBC,
  author =       "J. Fuegi and J. Francis",
  title =        "{Lovelace} \& {Babbage} and the Creation of the 1843
                 '{{\booktitle{Notes}}}'",
  journal =      j-ADA-USER-J,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "89--98",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "AUJOET",
  ISSN =         "1381-6551",
  ISSN-L =       "1381-6551",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 11 07:34:19 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adauserj.bib",
  note =         "Bicentennial Ada Lovelace articles.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Ada User Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ada-europe.org/auj/archive",
}

@Article{Nofre:2015:IBB,
  author =       "David Nofre",
  title =        "{{\booktitle{It Began with Babbage: The Genesis of
                 Computer Science}} by Subrata Dasgupta} (review)",
  journal =      j-TECH-CULTURE,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "537--538",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "TECUA3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2015.0073",
  ISSN =         "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0040-165X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 30 08:25:24 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/techculture2010.bib",
  URL =          "https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/582325",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Tech. Culture",
  fjournal =     "Technology and Culture",
  journal-URL =  "https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/194",
}

@Book{Padua:2015:TAL,
  author =       "Sydney Padua",
  title =        "The Thrilling Adventures of {Lovelace} and {Babbage}",
  publisher =    pub-PANTHEON,
  address =      pub-PANTHEON:adr,
  pages =        "315",
  year =         "2015",
  ISBN =         "0-307-90827-5 (hardcover), 0-307-90828-3 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-307-90827-8 (hardcover), 978-0-307-90828-5
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "PN6737.P34 T48 2015",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 3 08:48:30 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  abstract =     "Meet Victorian London's most dynamic duo: Charles
                 Babbage, the unrealized inventor of the computer, and
                 his accomplice, Ada, Countess of Lovelace, the peculiar
                 protoprogrammer and daughter of Lord Byron. When
                 Lovelace translated a description of Babbage's plans
                 for an enormous mechanical calculating machine in 1842,
                 she added annotations three times longer than the
                 original work. Her footnotes contained the first
                 appearance of the general computing theory, a hundred
                 years before an actual computer was built. Sadly,
                 Lovelace died of cancer a decade after publishing the
                 paper, and Babbage never built any of his machines. But
                 do not despair! \booktitle{The Thrilling Adventures of
                 Lovelace and Babbage} presents a rollicking alternate
                 reality in which Lovelace and Babbage do build the
                 Difference Engine and then use it to build runaway
                 economic models, battle the scourge of spelling errors,
                 explore the wilder realms of mathematics, and, of
                 course, fight crime --- for the sake of both London and
                 science. Complete with extensive footnotes that rival
                 those penned by Lovelace herself, historical
                 curiosities, and never-before-seen diagrams of
                 Babbage's mechanical, steam-powered computer,
                 \booktitle{The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and
                 Babbage} is wonderfully whimsical, utterly unusual,
                 and, above all, entirely irresistible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Comic books, strips,
                 etc; Babbage, Charles; Computers; History",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852; 1791--1871",
  tableofcontents = "Ada Lovelace: the secret origin! \\
                 The pocket universe \\
                 The person from Porlock \\
                 Lovelace and Babbage vs. the client! \\
                 Primary sources \\
                 Lovelace and Babbage vs. the economic model! \\
                 Luddites! \\
                 User experience! \\
                 Mr. Boole comes to tea \\
                 Imaginary quantities \\
                 Appendix I: some amusing primary documents \\
                 Appendix II: the analytical engine",
}

@Article{Aitken:2016:BCS,
  author =       "Neil Aitken",
  title =        "{Babbage} and {Carroll} in the {Silent Workshop},
                 1867",
  journal =      j-COLLEGE-MATH-J,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "215--215",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.4169/college.math.j.47.3.215",
  ISSN =         "0746-8342 (print), 1931-1346 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0746-8342",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 14 10:09:47 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/collegemathj.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4169/college.math.j.47.3.215",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "College Mathematics Journal",
  journal-URL =  "https://maa.tandfonline.com/loi/ucmj20;
                 https://www.jstor.org/journal/collmathj",
  onlinedate =   "27 Nov 2017",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2016:ICCb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{2016 IEEE-CS Charles Babbage Award}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "c3--c3",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CSENFA",
  ISSN =         "1521-9615 (print), 1558-366X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1521-9615",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 1 14:30:16 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computscieng.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/cs/2016/06/mcs20160600c3.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing in Science and Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5992",
}

@Article{Haigh:2016:HRW,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh and Mark Priestley",
  title =        "Historical reflections: Where code comes from:
                 architectures of automatic control from {Babbage} to
                 {Algol}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--44",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2846088",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 15 16:12:33 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib",
  URL =          "http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2015/1/195721/fulltext",
  abstract =     "Considering the evolving concept of programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Book{Hammerman:2016:AL,
  author =       "Robin Hammerman and Andrew L. Russell",
  title =        "{Ada}'s legacy: cultures of computing from the
                 {Victorian} to the digital age",
  volume =       "7",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 249",
  year =         "2016",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2809523",
  ISBN =         "1-970001-51-8 (hardcover), 1-970001-48-8 (paperback),
                 1-970001-49-6 (e-book), 1-970001-50-X (ePub)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-970001-51-8 (hardcover), 978-1-970001-48-8
                 (paperback), 978-1-970001-49-5 (e-book),
                 978-1-970001-50-1 (ePub)",
  ISSN =         "2374-6777",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.L72 H252 2016",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 14 10:45:38 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "ACM books",
  abstract =     "\booktitle{Ada's Legacy} illustrates the depth and
                 diversity of writers, thinkers, and makers who have
                 been inspired by Ada Lovelace, the English
                 mathematician and writer. The volume, which
                 commemorates the bicentennial of Ada's birth in
                 December 1815, celebrates Lovelace's many achievements
                 as well as the impact of her life and work, which
                 reverberated widely since the late 19th century. In the
                 21st century we have seen a resurgence in Lovelace
                 scholarship, thanks to the growth of interdisciplinary
                 thinking and the expanding influence of women in
                 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
                 \booktitle{Ada's Legacy} is a unique contribution to
                 this scholarship. Here, the editors present work on
                 topics previously unknown to coexist in print: Ada's
                 collaboration with Charles Babbage, the development of
                 the Ada programming language, Ada's position in the
                 Victorian and Steampunk literary genres, Ada's
                 representation in and inspiration of contemporary art
                 and comics, and Ada's continued relevance in
                 discussions around gender and technology in the digital
                 age. With the 200th anniversary of Ada Lovelace's birth
                 on December 10, 2015, we believe that the timing is
                 perfect to publish this collection. Because of its
                 broad focus on subjects that reach far beyond the life
                 and work of Ada herself, \booktitle{Ada's Legacy} will
                 appeal to readers who are curious about Ada's enduring
                 importance in computing and the wider world.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Influence; Computer
                 scientists; England; Biography; Ada (Computer program
                 language); Steampunk culture",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction / Robin Hammerman, Andrew L.
                 Russell \\
                 Part I. Ada's legacy in computing \\
                 2. Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and the Bernoulli
                 Numbers / Thomas J. Misa \\
                 2.1 Babbage and Lovelace \\
                 2.2 Steps to the sketch \\
                 3. Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles
                 Babbage, Esq. / L. F. Menabrea; translated by Augusta
                 Ada Lovelace, with notes by the translator \\
                 4. Ada: past, present, future / Jean Ichbiah \\
                 4.1 References \\
                 5. The Ada programming language / Jean E. Sammet,
                 Thomas J. (Tim) Bergin \\
                 6. The rise, fall, and persistence of Ada / Ricky E.
                 Sward \\
                 6.1 Introduction \\
                 6.2 The history of Ada \\
                 6.3 The persistence of Ada \\
                 6.4 Ada organizations \\
                 6.5 Ada projects \\
                 6.6 Conclusions \\
                 6.7 References \\
                 Part II. Ada's legacy in literature \\
                 7. ``I shall in due time be a poet'': Ada Lovelace's
                 poetical science in its literary context / Imogen
                 Forbes-Macphail \\
                 7.1 Literary ambitions \\
                 7.2 Poetical science \\
                 7.3 Mechanical composition \\
                 7.4 Conclusion \\
                 8 ``A different sort of bird'' / Victoria Ludas
                 Orlofsky \\
                 8.1 Introduction: Ada Lovelace in steampunk literature
                 \\
                 8.2 Ada Lovelace day \\
                 8.3 Steampunk \\
                 8.4 Steampunk Ada \\
                 8.5 Conclusion \\
                 9. Ada bright and dark: steampunk representations of
                 the enchantress of numbers / Catherine Siemann \\
                 Part III. Ada's legacy in the digital age \\
                 10. Oracle: the engine weaves / Amy Cunningham \\
                 10.1 Introduction \\
                 10.2 Context and process \\
                 10.3 Extracts of Oracle \\
                 11. ``Genderless'' online discourse in the 1970s: muted
                 group theory in early social computing / Jenny Ungbha
                 Korn \\
                 11.1 A review of muted group theory and its
                 applications \\
                 11.2 A review of gendered electronic communication \\
                 11.3 Applying muted group theory to gendered electronic
                 communication \\
                 11.4 The muted role of women as PLATO experts \\
                 11.5 Genderlessness as muting of women by women \\
                 11.6 Conclusions \\
                 Acknowledgements \\
                 12. Rebooting the Ada Lovelace mythos / Valerie Aurora
                 \\
                 Index \\
                 Contributor biographies",
}

@Book{Jones:2016:RMC,
  author =       "Matthew L. (Matthew Laurence) Jones",
  title =        "Reckoning with Matter: Calculating Machines,
                 Innovation, and Thinking About Thinking from {Pascal}
                 to {Babbage}",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "331",
  year =         "2016",
  ISBN =         "0-226-41146-X (hardcover), 0-226-41163-X (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-41146-0 (hardcover), 978-0-226-41163-7
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .J66 2016",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 7 08:41:32 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "Tells the story of early modern European calculating
                 machines, from the early attempts of Blaise Pascal in
                 the 1640s through Charles Babbage's efforts of the
                 1820s to 40s. All failed spectacularly. By exploring
                 these failed technologies, Matthew L. Jones tracks
                 diverse forms of technical life --- different social
                 arrangements of practitioners, different legal
                 conceptions of the ownership of work and ideas, and
                 different philosophical conceptions of knowledge and
                 skill. Philosophers, engineers, and craftspeople wrote
                 about their distinctive competencies, about technical
                 novelty, and about the best way to coordinate their
                 efforts, and drawing on these remarkably well-preserved
                 records, Jones reveals the concrete processes of
                 imagining, elaborating, testing, and building key
                 components for calculating machines. By highlighting
                 the makers and their conceptions of invention right up
                 to the instauration of modern patent regimes and the
                 solidification of the concept of Romantic genius, Jones
                 argues that these conceptions of creativity and of
                 making are often more incisive --- and more honest ---
                 than those still dominating our own legal, political,
                 and aesthetic culture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1972--",
  subject =      "Calculators; History; Computers; Technology",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 1: Carrying tens: Pascal, Morland, and the challenge of
                 machine calculation \\
                 First carry: Babbage and Clement mechanize table making
                 \\
                 2: Artisans and their philosophers: Leibniz and Hooke
                 coordinate minds, metal, and wood \\
                 Second carry: Babbage gets funded \\
                 3: Improvement for profit: calculating machines and the
                 prehistory of intellectual property \\
                 Third carry: Babbage claims his property \\
                 4: Reinventing the wheel: emulation in the European
                 enlightenment \\
                 Fourth carry: Babbage confronts prior art \\
                 5: Teething problems: Charles Stanhope and the
                 coordination of technical knowledge from Geneva to Kent
                 \\
                 Fifth carry: Babbage's collaborators emulate \\
                 6L Calculating machines, creativity, and humility from
                 Leibniz to Turing \\
                 Final carry: Epilogue \ Acknowledgments \\
                 Conventions \\
                 Abbreviations \\
                 Notes \\
                 References \\
                 Index",
}

@Book{Wolfram:2016:IMP,
  author =       "Stephen Wolfram",
  title =        "Idea makers: personal perspectives on the lives and
                 ideas of some notable people",
  publisher =    "Wolfram Media, Inc.",
  address =      "Champaign, IL, USA",
  pages =        "250 (est.)",
  year =         "2016",
  ISBN =         "1-57955-003-7 (hardcover), 1-57955-005-3 (e-book),
                 1-57955-011-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57955-003-5 (hardcover), 978-1-57955-005-9
                 (e-book), 978-1-57955-011-0",
  LCCN =         "Q141 .W678562 2016",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 15 16:08:15 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/crandall-richard-e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/mandelbrot-benoit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathematica.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.wolfram-media.com/products/idea-makers.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Ada Lovelace; Alan Turing; Beno{\^\i}t Mandelbrot;
                 Bertrand Russell; Alfred North Whitehead; George Boole;
                 Gottfried Leibniz; John von Neumann; Kurt G{\"o}del;
                 Marvin Minsky; Richard Crandall; Richard Feynman;
                 Russell Towle; Solomon Golomb; Srinivasa Ramanujan;
                 Steve Jobs",
  subject =      "Biography; History; Science; Scientists",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Richard Feynman \\
                 Kurt G{\"o}del \\
                 Alan Turing \\
                 John von Neumann \\
                 George Boole \\
                 Ada Lovelace \\
                 Gottfried Leibniz \\
                 Beno{\^\i}t Mandelbrot \\
                 Steve Jobs \\
                 Marvin Minsky \\
                 Russell Towle \\
                 Bertrand Russell \& Alfred Whitehead \\
                 Richard Crandall \\
                 Srinivasa Ramanujan \\
                 Solomon Golomb",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2017:ICC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{2017 IEEE-CS Charles Babbage Award}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 08:02:09 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/an/2017/03/man2017030008.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Book{Fisch:2017:CUT,
  author =       "Menachem Fisch",
  title =        "Creatively undecided toward a history and philosophy
                 of scientific agency",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 295",
  year =         "2017",
  ISBN =         "0-226-51448-X (hardcover), 0-226-51451-X (paperback),
                 0-226-51465-X (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-51448-2 (hardcover), 978-0-226-51451-2
                 (paperback), 978-0-226-51465-9 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "Q175 .F5452 2017",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 22 12:13:37 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hopos.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Part one. I (orientations) \\
                 Two beginnings: an overture in the first person \\
                 Part two. We (philosophers) \\
                 The philosophical framework \\
                 The problem for science \\
                 Toward a narratology of scientific framework
                 transitions \\
                 Interlude: the story so far and that to come \\
                 Part three. They (a history) \\
                 Peacock, Babbage, and the ``heresy of the dots'' \\
                 Creatively undecided: the making of Peacock's two
                 algebras \\
                 Peacock's impact",
}

@Article{Padua:2017:PLB,
  author =       "Sydney Padua",
  title =        "Picturing {Lovelace}, {Babbage}, and the {Analytical
                 Engine}: a cartoonist in mathematical biography",
  journal =      j-BSHM-BULL,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "214--220",
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2017.1315520",
  ISSN =         "1749-8430 (print), 1749-8341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1749-8341",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 10 18:09:56 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bshm.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2017.1315520",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "BSHM Bull.",
  fjournal =     "BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the
                 History of Mathematics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tbsh20",
  onlinedate =   "30 May 2017",
}

@InCollection{Swade:2017:TLB,
  author =       "Doron Swade",
  title =        "{Turing}, {Lovelace}, and {Babbage}",
  crossref =     "Copeland:2017:TG",
  chapter =      "24",
  pages =        "249--262",
  year =         "2017",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 14 18:20:53 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Agar:2018:BRM,
  author =       "Jon Agar",
  title =        "Book Review: {Matthew L. Jones. \booktitle{Reckoning
                 with Matter: Calculating Machines, Innovation, and
                 Thinking about Thinking from Pascal to Babbage}}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "109",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "634--635",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/700017",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 15:39:56 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis2010.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/loi/isis",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2018:ICCa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{2019 IEEE-CS Charles Babbage Award}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--43",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2018.2801550",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 1937-4194 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 2 09:25:48 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2018:ICCb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{2019 IEEE-CS Charles Babbage Award}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "c4--c4",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 05:53:38 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2018/05/mco20180500c4.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/computer",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2018:ICCc,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{2019 IEEE-CS Charles Babbage Award}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "29",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 28 07:41:55 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2018/06/mco2018060029.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/computer",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2018:OH,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Our history",
  howpublished = "British Science Association Web site.",
  year =         "2018",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 23 08:47:14 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.britishscienceassociation.org/history",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From the site: ``\ldots{} in 1830, Professor Charles
                 Babbage of Cambridge published \booktitle{Reflections
                 on the Decline of Science in England}. It was to
                 redress this balance that the British Association was
                 founded.''",
}

@Book{Essinger:2019:CACe,
  author =       "James Essinger and Lisa Noel Babbage",
  title =        "{Charles} and {Ada}: the Computer's Most Passionate
                 Partnership",
  publisher =    "The History Press",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "256",
  year =         "2019",
  ISBN =         "0-7509-9286-7, 0-7509-9286-7 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7509-9095-0, 978-0-7509-9286-2 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA29.L72 E87 2019",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 27 18:47:25 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=none\%26isbn=9780750992862",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "1: Britain transformed \\
                 2: Boyhood \\
                 3: Cambridge Days, and Ada is Born \\
                 4: Family Matters \\
                 5: The Epiphany that Changed Charles' and Ada's Lives
                 \\
                 6: 1827: Charles' Year of Disaster \\
                 7: Ada Dreams of a Flying Machine \\
                 8: The Solitary Widower \\
                 9: \booktitle{On the Economy of Machinery and
                 Manufactures} \\
                 10: Charles and Ada Meet \\
                 11: The Remarkable Ada Byron \\
                 12: A Fresh Tragedy; the Analytical Engine; and Ada's
                 Marriage \\
                 13: Dabbling in Politics \\
                 14: A Stage Play that Held UP a Mirror to Charles'
                 Heart \\
                 15: Ada the Fairy \\
                 16: Enchanted \\
                 17: Last Days \\
                 18: So Why Did Charles and Ada Fail? \\
                 Appendix: Information on Sources \\
                 Select Bibliography \\
                 Acknowledgements",
}

@Book{Gibson:2019:SIH,
  author =       "Susannah Gibson",
  title =        "The Spirit of Inquiry: How One Extraordinary Society
                 Shaped Modern Science",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 377",
  year =         "2019",
  ISBN =         "0-19-883337-7 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-883337-6 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "Q41.C194 G537 2019",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 1 13:51:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/clerk-maxwell-james.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  abstract =     "Cambridge is now world-famous as a centre of science,
                 but it wasn't always so. Before the nineteenth century,
                 the sciences were of little importance in the
                 University of Cambridge. But that began to change in
                 1819 when two young Cambridge fellows took a geological
                 fieldtrip to the Isle of Wight. Adam Sedgwick and John
                 Stevens Henslow spent their days there exploring,
                 unearthing dazzling fossils, dreaming up elaborate
                 theories about the formation of the earth, and
                 bemoaning the lack of serious science in their ancient
                 university. As they threw themselves into the exciting
                 new science of geology --- conjuring millions of years
                 of history from the evidence they found in the island's
                 rocks --- they also began to dream of a new scientific
                 society for Cambridge. This society would bring
                 together like-minded young men who wished to learn of
                 the latest science from overseas, and would encourage
                 original research in Cambridge. It would be, they
                 wrote, a society ``to keep alive the spirit of
                 inquiry''. Their vision was realised when they founded
                 the Cambridge Philosophical Society later that same
                 year. Its founders could not have imagined the impact
                 the Cambridge Philosophical Society would have: it was
                 responsible for the first publication of Charles
                 Darwin's scientific writings, and hosted some of the
                 most heated debates about evolutionary theory in the
                 nineteenth century; it saw the first announcement of
                 X-ray diffraction by a young Lawrence Bragg --- a
                 technique that would revolutionise the physical,
                 chemical and life sciences; it published the first
                 paper by C.T.R. Wilson on his cloud chamber --- a
                 device that opened up a previously-unimaginable world
                 of sub-atomic particles. 200 years on from the
                 Society's foundation, this book reflects on the
                 achievements of Sedgwick, Henslow, their peers, and
                 their successors. Susannah Gibson explains how
                 Cambridge moved from what Sedgwick saw as a
                 ``death-like stagnation'' (really little more than a
                 provincial training school for Church of England
                 clergy) to being a world-leader in the sciences. And
                 she shows how science, once a peripheral activity
                 undertaken for interest by a small number of wealthy
                 gentlemen, has transformed into an enormously
                 well-funded activity that can affect every aspect of
                 our lives.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "02.14 organization of science and culture; Science /
                 General",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgements / xi \\
                 Foreword by Simon Conway Morris (FRS) / xiii \\
                 Preface / xvii \\
                 1: The Fenland Philosophers / 1 \\
                 2: The house on All Saints' Passage / 33 \\
                 3: Letters from the south / 78 \\
                 4: `A new prosperity' / 113 \\
                 5: The misdeeds of Mr Crouch / 141 \\
                 6: A workbench of one's own / 176 \\
                 7: The laboratory in the library / 210 \\
                 8: `May it never be of any use to anybody' / 238 \\
                 9: Following the footsteps / 271 \\
                 Endnotes / 283 \\
                 Figure and Plate Credits / 339 \\
                 Bibliography / 341 \\
                 Index / 367",
}

@Article{Leatherdale:2020:BRC,
  author =       "Dik Leatherdale",
  title =        "Book Review: {Charles} \& {Ada}: The Computer's most
                 Passionate Partnership",
  journal =      "Resurrection: The Journal of the Computer Conservation
                 Society",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "89",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "2020",
  ISSN =         "0958-7403",
  ISSN-L =       "0958-7403",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 27 18:43:12 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib",
  URL =          "https://computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res89.htm#e",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2021:CBA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage Award}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "14--14",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2021.3109410",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 12 15:50:34 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2021:E,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The Engines",
  howpublished = "Computer History Museum, Mountain View, CA, USA",
  year =         "2021",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 01 07:33:52 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/engines/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Charles Babbage; Difference
                 Engine",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2021:ICC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{2022 IEEE CS: Charles Babbage Award}: Call for Award
                 Nominations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--5",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2021.3111355",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 23 05:58:07 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Dutz:2021:BGD,
  author =       "Jonah Dutz and Dirk Schlimm",
  title =        "{Babbage}'s guidelines for the design of mathematical
                 notations",
  journal =      j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-SCI,
  volume =       "88",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "92--101",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "SHPSB5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.03.001",
  ISSN =         "0039-3681 (print), 1879-2510 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0039-3681",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 1 06:23:57 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/shps-a.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368121000315",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci.",
  fjournal =     "Studies in History and Philosophy of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00393681",
}

@InCollection{Menabrea:2021:SAEa,
  author =       "L. F. Menabrea",
  title =        "Sketch of the {Analytical Engine} (1843) / with notes
                 by the translator, {Ada Agusta, Countess of Lovelace}",
  crossref =     "Lewis:2021:ICF",
  chapter =      "3",
  pages =        "9--26",
  year =         "2021",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12274.003.0005",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 01 07:21:28 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib",
}

@Book{Menabrea:2021:SAEb,
  author =       "Luigi Federico Menabrea",
  title =        "Sketch of the {Analytical Engine} Invented by {Charles
                 Babbage}: Translation and Notes by {Ada Lovelace}",
  publisher =    "Quaternion Books",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "99",
  year =         "2021",
  ISBN-13 =      "979-86-29-94909-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 01 10:40:35 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib",
  URL =          "https://quaternionbooks.com/product/sketch-of-the-analytical-engine-translation-and-notes-by-ada-lovelace/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rojas:2021:CPC,
  author =       "R. Rojas",
  title =        "The Computer Programs of {Charles Babbage}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--18",
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2020.3045717",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 8 13:14:10 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Yost:2021:CBI,
  author =       "J. R. Yost",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage Institute for Computing, Information,
                 and Culture}: a Major Interdisciplinary Turn",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--93",
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2021.3050697",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 8 13:14:10 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2022:ICC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{2023 IEEE CS Charles Babbage Award}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--87",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CSENFA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2022.3159398",
  ISSN =         "1521-9615 (print), 1558-366X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1521-9615",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 17 07:23:22 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computscieng.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing in Science and Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5992",
}

@Article{DeFranco:2022:CCL,
  author =       "Joanna F. DeFranco",
  title =        "From Calculations to Computations: A Look Back at the
                 First Computer",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--87",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2021.3102500",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 31 16:02:29 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2020.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  keywords =     "Ada Augusta King, Countess of Lovelace; Analytical
                 Engine; Charles Babbage; Difference Engine",
}

@Article{Hazzan:2022:BDS,
  author =       "Orit Hazzan and Koby Mike and Herbert Bruderer",
  title =        "{BLOG@CACM}: Up with data science, and the first
                 programmer",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "10--11",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3563107",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 24 14:20:38 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2020.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563107",
  abstract =     "The Communications website, https://cacm.acm.org,
                 features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM
                 community. In each issue of Communications, we'll
                 publish selected posts or excerpts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Ada Augusta Lovelace; Charles Babbage",
  remark =       "Herbert Bruderer argues that Charles Babbage created
                 the programs for solving linear equations and computing
                 Bernoulli numbers, and that Ada Augusta, Countess of
                 Lovelace, wrote them under his guidance.",
}

@Article{Marsh:2022:CBD,
  author =       "Allison Marsh",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage}'s {Difference Engine} Turns 200:
                 Error-riddled astronomical tables inspired the first
                 computer --- and the first vaporware",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "27",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 02 10:11:19 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  URL =          "https://spectrum.ieee.org/charles-babbage-difference-engine",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
}

@Book{Kirpal:20xx:BC,
  author =       "Alfred Kirpal",
  title =        "{Babbage, Charles (1791--1871)}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "20xx",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Schneider:20xx:VLK,
  author =       "Dieter Schneider",
  title =        "Vorl{\"a}ufer der Lehre von den Kernkompetenzen: von
                 Xenophons Kyrupaedie {\"u}ber Babbage's Prinzip zu
                 Lists {``Gesetz} der Kraftvereinigung''. ({German})
                 [{Progenitor} of the theory of core competence: from
                 {Xenophon Kyrupaedi} to {Babbage}'s principle to
                 channels {``Law of force unification''}]",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "20xx",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:33:23 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Cross-referenced entries must come last.  Bibliography entries are
%%% ordered by year, and then by citation label, with `bibsort
%%% --byyear'.
@Book{Knott:1915:NTM,
  editor =       "Cargill Gilston Knott",
  booktitle =    "{Napier} tercentenary memorial volume",
  title =        "{Napier} tercentenary memorial volume",
  publisher =    "Published for the Royal society of Edinburgh, by
                 Longmans, Green and Company",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xi + 441 + 1",
  year =         "1915",
  LCCN =         "QA29.N2 K5",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 18:16:30 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://resolver.library.cornell.edu/math/2013807",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1856--1922",
  subject =      "Napier, John; bibliography; logarithms; trigonometry",
  subject-dates = "1550--1617",
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:1948:PSL,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of a {Symposium on Large-Scale Digital
                 Calculating Machinery}: Jointly Sponsored by {The Navy
                 Department Bureau of Ordnance and Harvard University at
                 The Computation Laboratory 7--10 January 1947}",
  title =        "Proceedings of a {Symposium on Large-Scale Digital
                 Calculating Machinery}: Jointly Sponsored by {The Navy
                 Department Bureau of Ordnance and Harvard University at
                 The Computation Laboratory 7--10 January 1947}",
  volume =       "16",
  publisher =    pub-HARVARD,
  address =      pub-HARVARD:adr,
  pages =        "xxix + 302",
  year =         "1948",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .S96 1947",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 4 07:46:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "The Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard
                 University",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "calculators --- congresses; electronic digital
                 computers --- congresses",
  remark =       "Goldstine's paper is listed in the table of contents,
                 but is absent from the volume. The printed order of a
                 few papers differs from that shown in the table of
                 contents; the order has been corrected in the data in
                 this entry.",
  tableofcontents = "Program of the Symposium on Large-Scale Digital
                 Calculating Machinery: 7--10 January 1947 \\
                 First Session: Tuesday, 7 January 1947 1O:00 a.m. \\
                 Opening Addresses \\
                 Mr. Edward Reynolds, Administrative Vice President of
                 Harvard University / 3--3 \\
                 Rear Admiral C. T. Joy, USN, Naval Proving Ground,
                 Dahlgren, Virginia / 4--6 \\
                 Professor Howard H. Aiken, Chairman, Harvard University
                 / 7--7 \\
                 11:00 a.m. Inspection of the Computation Laboratory and
                 of Mark II Calculator \\
                 Second Session: Tuesday, 7 January 1947, 2:00 p.m. \\
                 Existing Calculating Machines / \\
                 Professor Willard E. Bleick, Chairman, Post Graduate
                 School, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis / \\
                 Mr. Richard H. Babbage, Montreal, Canada / The Work of
                 Charles Babbage / 13--22 \\
                 Mr. Richard M. Bloch, Harvard University / Mark I
                 Calculator / 23--30 \\
                 Dr. Lewis P. Tabor, University of Pennsylvania / Brief
                 Description and Operating Characteristics of the ENIAC
                 / 31--40 \\
                 Mr. Samuel B. Williams, Consulting Electrical Engineer
                 / Bell Telephone Laboratories' Relay Computing System /
                 41--68 \\
                 Mr. Robert V. D. Campbell, Harvard University / Mark II
                 Calculator / 69--79 \\
                 Third Session: Wednesday, 8 January 1947, 9:30 a.m. \\
                 The Logic of Large-Scale Calculating Machinery / \\
                 Professor \Vendell H. Furry, Chairman, Harvard
                 University \\
                 Dr. Alexander W. Wundheiler, Bureau of Ordnance /
                 Problems of Mathematical Analysis Involved in Machine
                 Computations / 83--90 \\
                 Dr. George R. Stibitz, University of Vermont / The
                 Organization of Large-Scale Calculating Machinery /
                 91--100 \\
                 Fourth Session: Wednesday, 8 January 1947, 2:00 p.m.
                 \\
                 Storage Devices \\
                 Dr. John H. Curtiss, Chairman / National Bureau of
                 Standards / \\
                 Dr. T. Kite Sharpless, University of Pennsylvania /
                 Mercury Delay Lines as a Memory Unit / 103--109 \\
                 Professor Leon Brillouin, Harvard University / Slow
                 Electromagnetic Waves / 110--124 \\
                 Dr. Jay W. Forrester, Massachusetts Institute of
                 Technology / High-Speed Electrostatic Storage /
                 125--129 \\
                 Dr. Benjamin L. Moore, Harvard University / Magnetic
                 and Phosphor Coated Discs / 130--132 \\
                 Dr. Jan Rajchman, Radio Corporation of America / The
                 Selectron --- A Tube for Selective Electrostatic
                 Storage / 133--145 \\
                 Dr. Arthur W. Tyler, Eastman Kodak Company / Optical
                 and Photographic Storage Techniques / 146--150 \\
                 Fifth Session: Thursday, 9 January 1947, 9:30 a.m. \\
                 Numerical Methods and Suggested Problems for Solution
                 \\
                 Dr. Mina Rees, Chairman, Office of Naval Research \\
                 Professor Richard Courant, New York University / Method
                 of Finite Differences for the Solution of Partial
                 Differential Equations / 153--156 \\
                 Dr. Raymond J. Seeger, Naval Ordnance Laboratory / On
                 Computational Techniques for Certain Problems in Fluid
                 Dynamics / 157--168 \\
                 Professor Wassily W. Leontief, Harvard University /
                 Computational Problems Arising in Connection with
                 Economic Analysis of interindustrial Relationships /
                 169--175 \\
                 Professor Hans A. Rademacher, University of
                 Pennsylvania / On the Accumulation of Errors in
                 Processes of Integration on High-Speed Calculating
                 Machines / 176--187 \\
                 Professor Howard W. Emmons, Harvard University / Fluid
                 Mechanics Computations / 188--193 \\
                 Dr. L. S. Dederick, Ballistic Research Laboratory,
                 Aberdeen, Maryland / Firing Tables / 194--199 \\
                 Sixth Session: Thursday, 9 January 1947, 2:00 p.m. \\
                 Sequencing, Coding, and Problem Preparation \\
                 Dr. Julius A. Stratton, Chairman, Massachusetts
                 Institute of Technology \\
                 Dr. John W. Mauchly, Electronic Control Company /
                 Preparation of Problems for EDVAC-Type Machines /
                 203--207 \\
                 Mr. Joseph 0. Harrison, Jr., Harvard University / The
                 Preparation of Problems for the Mark I Calculator /
                 208--210 \\
                 Dr. Herman H. Goldstine, Institute for Advanced Study /
                 Coding for Large-Scale Calculating Machinery / ??--??
                 \\
                 Seventh Session: Friday, 10 January 1947, 9:30 a.m. \\
                 Input and Output Devices \\
                 Professor E. Leon Chaffee, Chairman, Harvard University
                 \\
                 Mr. Frederick G. Miller, Harvard University /
                 Application of Printing Telegraph Techniques to
                 Large-Scale Calculating Machinery / 213--222 \\
                 Mr. Otto Kornei, The Brush Development Company / Survey
                 of Magnetic Recording / 223--237 \\
                 Mr. Harrison W. Fuller, Harvard University / The
                 Numeroscope / 238--247 \\
                 Dr. Samuel N. Alexander, National Bureau of Standards /
                 Input and Output Devices for Electronic Digital
                 Calculating Machinery / 248--253 \\
                 Dr. Morris Rubinoff, Harvard University / An Input
                 Device Using Multiple Gates / 254--259 \\
                 Dr. R. D. O'Neal, Eastman Kodak Company / Photographic
                 Methods of Handling Input and Output Data / 260--266
                 \\
                 Mr. C. Bradford Sheppard, Electronic Control Company /
                 Transfer Between External and Internal Memory /
                 267--273 \\
                 Eighth Session: Friday, 10 January 1947, 2:00 p.m. \\
                 Conclusions and Open Discussion \\
                 Professor Charles C. Bramble, Chairman, Post Graduate
                 School, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis / \\
                 Professor Samuel H. Caldwell, Massachusetts Institute
                 of Technology / Publication, Classification, and
                 Patents / 277--283 \\
                 Dr. Louis Couffignal (in absentia), Centre National de
                 la Recherche Scientifique / Le Domaine du Calcul
                 M{\'e}canique / 284--296 \\
                 Dr. Alan T. Waterman, Office of Naval Research / New
                 Vistas in Mathematics / 298--302",
}

@Book{Hartree:1949:CIM,
  author =       "Douglas R. (Douglas Rayner) Hartree",
  booktitle =    "Calculating Instruments and Machines",
  title =        "Calculating Instruments and Machines",
  publisher =    pub-U-ILL,
  address =      pub-U-ILL:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 138",
  year =         "1949",
  LCCN =         "QA85 .H29",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 4 07:46:57 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "calculators; mathematical instruments",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction \\
                 2. The differential analyser \\
                 3. The differential analyser and partial differential
                 equations \\
                 4. Some other instruments: solution of simultaneous
                 linear algebraic equations, the isograph, Fourier
                 synthesizers, integrating instruments, directors \\
                 5. Large automatic digital machines \\
                 6. Charles Babbage and the Analytical Engine \\
                 7. Historical development \\
                 8. Projects and prospects \\
                 9. High speed automatic digital machines and numerical
                 analysis: iterative methods, simultaneous algebraic
                 equations, ordinary differential equations with
                 one-point boundary conditions, ordinary differential
                 equations with two-point boundary conditions, partial
                 differential equations",
}

@Proceedings{Bowden:1953:FTT,
  editor =       "{Baron} Bertram Vivian Bowden",
  booktitle =    "Faster Than Thought: a Symposium on Digital Computing
                 Machines",
  title =        "Faster Than Thought: a Symposium on Digital Computing
                 Machines",
  publisher =    "Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd.",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "xix + 416 + 21",
  year =         "1953",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .B66",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 15 10:03:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "With a foreword by the Right Honourable the Earl of
                 Halsbury.",
  URL =          "https://archive.org/details/FasterThanThought",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  listofcontributors = "Miss M. Audrey Bates, Ferranti Ltd., Moston,
                 Manchester (Chapter 25) \\
                 Dr. J. M. Bennett, Ferranti Ltd., Moston, Manchester
                 (Chapters 5, 17, 20) \\
                 Dr. A. D. Booth, Director of the Electronic Computation
                 Laboratory, Birkbeck College, London (Chapter 13) \\
                 Dr. B. V. Bowden, Ferranti Ltd., Moston, Manchester
                 (Chapters 1--4, 14, 22, 25, 26) \\
                 Mr. R. H. A. Carter, Telecommunications Research
                 Establishment, Malvern (M.O.S.) (Chapter 10) \\
                 Mr. E. H. Cooke-Yarborough, Atomic Energy Research
                 Establishment, Harwell (M.O.S.) (Chapter 9) \\
                 Mr. A. E. Glennie, Research Establishment, Fort
                 Halstead (M.O.S.) (Chapters 5, 19) \\
                 Dr. S. H. Hollingdale, Head of the Mathematical
                 Services Department, Royal Aircraft Establishment,
                 Farnborough (M.O.S.) \\
                 (Chapter 12) \\
                 Dr. T. Kilburn, Senior Lecturer, Electrical Engineering
                 Dept., Manchester University (Chapter 6) \\
                 Mr. S. Michaelson, Imperial College of Science and
                 Technology, London (Chapter 11) \\
                 Dr. G. Morton, Lecturer In Economics, London School of
                 Economics And Political Science (Chapter 23) \\
                 Mr. B. W. Pollard, Ferranti Ltd., Moston, Manchester
                 (Chapter 2) \\
                 Miss Cicely M. Popplewell, Staff Member of the Royal
                 Society Computing Laboratory, Manchester University
                 (Chapter 24) \\
                 Dr. D. G. Prinz, Ferranti Ltd., Moston, Manchester
                 (Chapter 15) \\
                 Dr. R. S. Scorer, Lecturer, Department of Meteorology,
                 Imperial College of Science and Technology, London
                 (Chapter 18) \\
                 Mr. J. B. Smith, Ferranti Ltd., Crewe Toll, Edinburgh
                 (Chapter 15) \\
                 Mr. R. Stuart-Williams, Sometime of Ferranti Ltd.,
                 Moston, Manchester, now at the R.C.A. Research
                 Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A. (Chapter
                 16) \\
                 Mr. B. B. Swann, Ferranti Ltd., Moston, Manchester
                 (Chapter 21) \\
                 Mr. C. Strachey, National Research Development
                 Corporation (Chapter 25) \\
                 Dr. K. D. Tocher, Imperial College of Science and
                 Technology, London (Chapter 11) \\
                 Dr. A. M. Turing, F.R.S., Assistant Director of the
                 Royal Society Computing Laboratory, Manchester
                 University (Chapter 25) \\
                 Dr. A. M. Uttley, Telecommunications Research
                 Establishment, Malvern (M.O.S.) (Chapter 10) \\
                 Dr. M. V. Wilkes, Director of the University
                 Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge (Chapter 17) \\
                 Professor F. C. Williams, O.B.E., F.R.S. (Professor of
                 Electrical Engineering) Director of the Royal Society
                 Computing Laboratory, Manchester University (Chapter 6)
                 \\
                 Chapter 8 is reprinted from \booktitle{Engineering} by
                 kind permission of the Publishers",
  listofplates = "Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace / Frontispiece \\
                 I. Charles Babbage / 12 \\
                 II. Part of Babbage's Difference Engine / 28 \\
                 III. Two Hollerith Punch Cards of the Type Used in the
                 A.C.E. / 29 \\
                 IV. The Magnetic Drum of the Manchester Machine / 60
                 \\
                 V. The Photo-Electric Tape-Reader of the Manchester
                 Machine / 112 \\
                 VI. A Typical Stored Pattern on a Cathode-Ray-Tube
                 Screen / 120 \\
                 VII. The First Manchester University Computer / 121 \\
                 VIII. A General View of the Manchester University
                 Computer Without Covers / 124 \\
                 IX. A General View of the Manchester University
                 Computer and Control Desk / 126 \\
                 X. The Control Desk of the Manchester University
                 Computer, Showing the Console / 127 \\
                 XI. A General View of the E.D.S.A.C. / 132 \\
                 XII. One Unit of the A.C.E. / 136 \\
                 XIII. A View of the A.C.E. Showing Delay Units / 138
                 \\
                 XIV. A View of the A.C.E. Showing the Hollerith
                 Equipment Used for Input and Output / 139 \\
                 XV. A Cathode-Ray-Tube Store Pattern / 148 \\
                 XVI. The Ferranti (Edinburgh) Logical Computer and
                 Feedback Computer / 188 \\
                 XVII. ``Nimrod'' at the Science Exhibition, South
                 Kensington / 200 \\
                 XVIII. The $b$ Patterson Projection of Whale Myoglobin
                 Printed in Contour Form / 204",
  remark-01 =    "Portrait of Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace, faces
                 title page.",
  remark-02 =    "Chapter authors are credited only in the List of
                 Contributors on page xv; their names, and order, fail
                 to appear on chapter papers. No author is credited for
                 Chapters 7 and 8",
  remark-03 =    "From page ix: ``The principles on which all modern
                 computing machines are based were enunciated more than
                 a hundred years ago by a Cambridge mathematician named
                 Charles Babbage, who devoted his life and fortune to an
                 unsuccessful attempt to construct one. Modern
                 developments in electronics have made his dream come
                 true in the last decade, and there are now a dozen or
                 more machines in the world which do all and more than
                 he expected.",
  remark-04 =    "From page ix: ``A rough count showed that about 150
                 digital computers are being built at this moment, most
                 of them in universities and other research
                 establishments. It will be interesting to see if these
                 machines play in the next decade the part of the
                 cyclotrons and high voltage generators in the
                 `thirties'.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page x: ``It seems probable that we shall have a
                 second Industrial Revolution on our hands before long.
                 The first one replaced men's muscles by machines, and
                 eve1y worker in England now has an average of more than
                 3 horse power to help him. In the next revolution
                 machines may replace men's brains and relieve them of
                 much of the drudgery and boredom which is now the lot
                 of so many white collar workers.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page x: ``Nowadays many of these dedicated men
                 spend their time in computing prime numbers. The search
                 for the largest known prime is a hobby which is at
                 least as useful and interesting as playing bridge, and
                 computing machines have helped enormously. The reader
                 will not be surprised to hear that nowadays the biggest
                 primes are found in America. The largest which has been
                 discovered so far (January, 1953) consists of 2281
                 consecutive `ones,' when it is expressed in the binary
                 scale (see page 33).''",
  remark-07 =    "From page xi: ``The early history of these machines
                 and the story of poor Babbage's struggles is very
                 interesting. We owe our best account of Babbage's
                 `Engines' to the Countess of Lovelace, who was a
                 mathematician of great competence and one of the very
                 few people who understood what Babbage was trying to
                 do. Her ideas are so modern that they have become of
                 great topical interest once again, and since her paper
                 has long been out of print (it appeared more than a
                 hundred years ago) it has been reproduced as an
                 appendix to this book. Lady Lovelace's grand-daughter,
                 the Right Hon. Lady Wentworth, has very kindly allowed
                 me to read many of Lady Lovelace's most interesting
                 papers; I was so surprised by the connexion that I
                 found between digital computers and thoroughbred horses
                 that I have given a brief account of the story, for
                 further details of which the reader is referred to Lady
                 Wentworth's own books.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page xi: ``After I had finished the book, I saw a
                 microfilm of a life of Babbage which had been written
                 by his executor, the late Mr. L. H. D. Buxton. Mr.
                 Whitwell of the Powers Samas Company found the
                 manuscript in the Museum of the History of Science in
                 Oxford. It contains a more detailed account of the
                 construction of Babbage's Engines than any I have seen
                 elsewhere, and it is to be hoped that the material will
                 some day be published.''",
  remark-09 =    "From page xiii: ``Much of this book derives from the
                 work of those prolific authors `Anon' and `Ibid' who
                 have done so much to put our English platitudes on a
                 sound literary basis.''",
  remark-10 =    "From page xiii: ``I must express my thanks to all my
                 collaborators; to Lord Halsbury for writing the
                 foreword; to Lady Wentworth who gave me so much
                 information about Lady Lovelace, and who allowed me to
                 reproduce the portrait which has been used as a
                 frontispiece. I am also indebted to Miss Draper who
                 read all the Lovelace paper; and gave me a great deal
                 of help. I must thank Miss Dyke for preparing the flow
                 sheets which I used in Chapter 22. Dr. Gilles and Mr.
                 Whitewell told me the story of Dr. Comrie; Dr. Bullard
                 found some of Babbage's writing in the archives of the
                 National Physical Laboratory; and Professor Aitken, Mr.
                 W. Klein, Dr. van Wijngaarten, Dr. Stokvis, Mr. Seeber,
                 Mr. Ferris and Dr. Gabor gave me much of the
                 information on which Chapter 26 is based. The Portrait
                 of Babbage is included by courtesy of the Director of
                 the Science Museum, South Kensington.''",
  remark-11 =    "From glossary entry on page 411: ``{\em Computor}.
                 `Bad spelling of Computer' --- Oxford English
                 Dictionary.''",
  remark-12 =    "From glossary entry on page 411: ``{\em Cybernetics}.
                 A word invented by Professor Wiener to describe the
                 field of control and communication theory, whether in
                 the machine or in the animal. None of the authors quite
                 understands what the word means, so it has not been
                 used in this book.",
  remark-13 =    "From glossary entry on page 412: ``{\em Hartree
                 Constant}. The time which is expected to elapse before
                 a particular electronic computing machine is finished
                 and working. It was Professor Hartree who first pointed
                 out that this estimated time usually remains constant
                 at about six months for a period of several years
                 during the development of a machine. This phenomenon
                 was well known to Babbage. Few engineers are worried
                 unless the `constant' shows signs of increasing
                 monotonically as the years go by.''",
  remark-14 =    "From glossary entry on page 413: ``{\em Mill}.
                 Babbage's name for the arithmetic unit of his
                 machine.''",
  remark-15 =    "From glossary entry on page 414: ``{\em Programmer}.
                 One who prepares programmes for a machine, `a harmless
                 drudge'.''",
  remark-16 =    "From glossary entry on page 414: ``{\em T{\"u}ring
                 Machine}. In 1936 Dr. Turing wrote a paper on the
                 design and the limitations of computing machines. For
                 this reason they are sometimes known by his name. The
                 umlaut is an unearned and undesirable addition, due,
                 presumably, to an impression that anything so
                 incomprehensible must be Teutonic.''",
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword / v \\
                 Preface / vii \\
                 List of Contributors / xv \\
                 Part One: The History and Theory of Computing Machines
                 \\
                 1. A Brief History of Computation / B. V. Bowden / 3
                 \\
                 2. The Circuit Components of Digital Computers / B. V.
                 Bowden and B. W. Pollard / 32 \\
                 3. The Organization of a Typical Machine / B. V. Bowden
                 / 67 \\
                 4. The Construction, Performance and Maintenance of
                 Digital Computers / B. V. Bowden / 78 \\
                 5. Programming For High-Speed Digital Calculating
                 Machines / J. M. Bennett and A. E. Glennie / 101 \\
                 Part Two: Electronic Computing Machines in Britain and
                 America / \\
                 6. The University of Manchester Computing Machine / T.
                 Kilburn and F. C. Williams / 117 \\
                 7. Calculating Machine Development at Cambridge / 130
                 \\
                 8. Automatic Computation at the National Physical
                 Laboratory / 135 \\
                 9. The Harwell Electronic Digital Computer / E. H.
                 Cooke-Yarborough / 140 \\
                 10. The Telecommunications Research Establishment
                 Parallel Electronic Digital Computer / R. H. A. Carter
                 and A. M. Uttley / 144 \\
                 11. The Imperial College Computing Engine / S.
                 Michaelson and K. D. Tocher / 161 \\
                 12. The Royal Aircraft Establishment
                 Sequence-Controlled Calculator / S. H. Hollingdale /
                 165 \\
                 13. Calculating Machines at the Birkbeck College
                 Computation Laboratory / A. D. Booth / 170 \\
                 14. Computers in America / B. V. Bowden / 173 \\
                 Part Three: Applications of Electronic Computing
                 Machines \\
                 15. Machines for the Solution of Logical Problems / D.
                 G. Prinz and J. B. Smith / 181 \\
                 16. Special-Purpose Automatic Computers / R.
                 Stuart-Williams / 199 \\
                 17. Digital Computation and the Crystallographer / J.
                 M. Bennett and M. V. Wilkes / 203 \\
                 18. The Use of High-Speed Computing Machines in
                 Meteorology / R. S. Scorer / 210 \\
                 19. An Application to Ballistics / A. E. Glennie / 216
                 \\
                 20. Digital Computers and the Engineer / J. M. Bennett
                 / 223 \\
                 21. Machines in Government Calculations / B. B. Swann /
                 234 \\
                 22. The Application of Digital Computers to Business
                 and Commerce / B. V. Bowden / 246 \\
                 23. Electronic Machines and Economics / G. Morton / 272
                 \\
                 24. Problems of Dynamical Astronomy / Cicely M.
                 Popplewell / 282 \\
                 25. Digital Computers Applied to Games / M. Audrey
                 Bates, B. V. Bowden, C. Strachey, and A. M. Turing /
                 286 \\
                 26. Thought and Machine Processes / B. V. Bowden / 311
                 \\
                 Appendix 1: Extracts From \booktitle{Taylor's
                 Scientific Memoirs}, Vol. III / 341 \\
                 Appendix 2: Extracts From the \booktitle{Lovelace
                 Papers} / 409 \\
                 Glossary / 411 \\
                 Index / 415 \\
                 Insets \\
                 Flow Sheet For P.A.Y.E. Calculation / 254 \\
                 Computation of Bernoulli Numbers / 404",
}

@Book{Morrison:1961:CBH,
  editor =       "Philip Morrison and Emily Morrison",
  booktitle =    "{Charles Babbage} and his calculating engines:
                 selected writings",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and his calculating engines:
                 selected writings",
  volume =       "T12",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "xxxviii + 400",
  year =         "1961",
  LCCN =         "QA75 .B112",
  MRclass =      "01.60 (68.00)",
  MRnumber =     "0137319 (25 \#771)",
  MRreviewer =   "W. Freiberger",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:44:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01; pulse.uta.edu:7099/pulse;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager; z3950.nls.uk:7290/voyager",
  series =       "Dover books",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Babbage (26 December 1791--18 October 1871)",
  remark =       "List of Mr. Babbage's printed papers, pp. 372--377.",
  subject =      "Automatic Data Processing; Mathematics",
}

@Proceedings{AFIPS:1972:FUJ,
  editor =       "{AFIPS}",
  booktitle =    "{First USA--Japan Computer Conference, Proceedings:
                 October 3--5, 1972, Tokyo, Japan}",
  title =        "{First USA--Japan Computer Conference, Proceedings:
                 October 3--5, 1972, Tokyo, Japan}",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "717",
  year =         "1972",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .U2 1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 21 09:17:41 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Randell:1973:ODC,
  editor =       "Brian Randell",
  booktitle =    "The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers",
  title =        "The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  edition =      "First",
  pages =        "xvi + 464",
  year =         "1973",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96145-8",
  ISBN =         "0-387-06169-X (New York), 3-540-06169-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-06169-6 (New York), 978-3-540-06169-4",
  LCCN =         "TK7888.3 .R36",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 9 08:36:09 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1936--",
  shorttableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Analytical engines \\
                 Tabulating machines \\
                 Zuse and Schreyer \\
                 Aiken and IBM \\
                 Bell Telephone Laboratories \\
                 The advent of electronic computers \\
                 Stored program electronic computers",
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; History; Calculators;
                 Ordinateurs; Histoire; Calculatrices; Calculators;
                 Electronic digital computers; Computer; Geschichte;
                 Informatik; Ciencia Da Computacao Ou Informatica;
                 Programacao De Computadores; History; Histoire;
                 Computer; Geschichte; Informatik",
  tableofcontents = "I Introduction \\
                 II Analytical Engines \\
                 2.1. On the Mathematical Powers of the Calculating
                 Engine. C. Babbage (1837) \\
                 2.2. Report of the Committee appointed to consider the
                 advisability and to estimate the expense of
                 constructing Mr. Babbage's Analytical Machine, and of
                 printing tables by its means. C. W. Merrifield (1879)
                 \\
                 2.3. Babbage's Analytical Engine. H. P. Babbage (1910)
                 \\
                 2.4. On a Proposed Analytical Machine. P. E. Ludgate
                 (1909) \\
                 2.5. Essays on Automatics \\
                 Its Definition \\
                 Theoretical Extent of its Applications. L. Torres y
                 Quevedo (1914) \\
                 2.6. Electromechanical Calculating Machine. L. Torres y
                 Quevedo (1920) \\
                 2.7. Scheme of Assembly of a Machine Suitable for the
                 Calculations of Celestial Mechanics. L. Couffignal
                 (1938) \\
                 III Tabulating Machines \\
                 3.1. An Electric Tabulating System. H. Hollerith (1889)
                 \\
                 3.2. Calculating Machines: Their Principles and
                 Evolution. L. Couffignal (1933) \\
                 3.3. The Automatic Calculator IPM. H.-J. Dreyer and A.
                 Walther (1946) \\
                 IV Zuse and Schreyer \\
                 4.1. Method for Automatic Execution of Calculations
                 with the aid of Computers. K. Zuse (1936) \\
                 4.2. Technical Computing Machines. H. Schreyer (1939)
                 \\
                 4.3. The Outline of a Computer Development from
                 Mechanics to Electronics. K. Zuse (1962) \\
                 V Aiken and IBM \\
                 5.1. Proposed Automatic Calculating Machine. H. H.
                 Aiken (1937) \\
                 5.2. The Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator. H.
                 H. Aiken and G. M. Hopper (1946) \\
                 5.3. Electrons and Computation. W. J. Eckert (1948) \\
                 5.4. The IBM Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator. J.
                 W. Sheldon and L. Tatum (1951) \\
                 VI Bell Telephone Laboratories \\
                 6.1. Computer. G. R. Stibitz (1940) \\
                 6.2. The Relay Interpolator. O. Cesareo (1946) \\
                 6.3. The Ballistic Computer. J. Juley (1947) \\
                 6.4. A Bell Telephone Laboratories' Computing Machine.
                 F. L. Alt (1948) \\
                 VII The Advent of Electronic Computers \\
                 7.1. Binary Calculation. E. W. Phillips (1936) \\
                 7.2. Computing Machine for the Solution of Large
                 Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations. J. V. Atanasoff
                 (1940) \\
                 7.3. The Bletchley Machines. D. Michie (1972) \\
                 7.4. The Use of High Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for
                 Calculating. J. W. Mauchly (1942) \\
                 7.5. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
                 (ENIAC). H. H. Goldstine and A. Goldstine (1946) \\
                 VIII Stored Program Electronic Computers \\
                 8.1. First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. J. von
                 Neumann (1945) \\
                 8.2. Preparation of Problems for EDVAC-type Machines.
                 J. W. Mauchly (1947) \\
                 8.3. Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an
                 Electronic Computing Instrument. A. W. Burks et al.
                 (1946) \\
                 8.4. Electronic Digital Computers. F. C. Williams and
                 T. Kilburn (1948) \\
                 8.5. The EDSAC. M. V. Wilkes and W. Renwick (1949) \\
                 8.6. The EDSAC Demonstration. B. H. Worsley (1949) \\
                 Index to Bibliography",
}

@Book{Randell:1975:ODC,
  editor =       "Brian Randell",
  booktitle =    "The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers",
  title =        "The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xvi + 464",
  year =         "1975",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96242-4",
  ISBN =         "0-387-07114-8, 3-540-07114-8, 3-642-96244-0,
                 3-642-96242-4 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-07114-5, 978-3-540-07114-3,
                 978-3-642-96244-8, 978-3-642-96242-4 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "?TK7888.3 .R36 1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 13 09:24:25 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Texts and monographs in computer science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See also other editions
                 \cite{Randell:1973:ODC,Randell:1982:ODC}.",
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; History; Calculators",
  tableofcontents = "Front Matter / / i--xvi \\
                 Introduction / Brian Randell / 1--6 \\
                 Analytical Engines / Charles Babbage, Mr. C. W.
                 Merrifield, H. P. Babbage, Percy E. Ludgate, \ldots{} /
                 7--123 \\
                 Tabulating Machines / H. Hollerith, L. Couffignal,
                 H.-J. Dreyer, A. Walther / 125--153 \\
                 Zuse and Schreyer / Konrad Zuse, Helmut Schreyer /
                 155--186 \\
                 Aiken and IBM / Howard H. Aiken, Grace M. Hopper, W. J.
                 Eckert, John W. Sheldon, Liston Tatum / 187--235 \\
                 Bell Telephone Laboratories / G. R. Stibitz, O.
                 Cesareo, Joseph Juley, Franz L. Alt / 237--286 \\
                 The Advent of Electronic Computers / E. William
                 Phillips O.B.E., F.I.A., John V. Atanasoff, D. Michie,
                 John W. Mauchly, \ldots{} / 287--347 Stored Program
                 Electronic Computers / John von Neumann, John W.
                 Mauchly, Arthur W. Burks, Herman H. Goldstine, F. C.
                 Williams, \ldots{} / 349--401 \\
                 Back Matter / / 403--464",
}

@Book{Austrian:1982:HHF,
  author =       "Geoffrey D. Austrian",
  booktitle =    "{Herman Hollerith} --- Forgotten Giant of Information
                 Processing",
  title =        "{Herman Hollerith} --- Forgotten Giant of Information
                 Processing",
  publisher =    pub-COLUMBIA,
  address =      pub-COLUMBIA:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 418",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-231-05146-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-231-05146-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.2.H64 .A97",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 14 22:40:03 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/css.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Brief mention of Charles Babbage.",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / ix \\
                 Acknowledgments / xiii \\
                 1. Discovering the Census Problem / 1 \\
                 2. Instructor at M.I.T. / 11 \\
                 3. Grounding as a Patent Expert / 19 \\
                 4. Experiments with Air Brakes / 24 \\
                 5. Trials for a Census System / 39 \\
                 6. 1890: Beating the Mills of the Gods / 58 \\
                 7. Taking the Census Abroad / 74 \\
                 8. Setting Up Shop in Georgetown / 97 \\
                 9. Railroad Experiments / 107 \\
                 10. Persuading the Russians / 115 \\
                 11. Taking on the Central / 124 \\
                 12. The Russian Census / 142 \\
                 13. The Tabulating Machine Company / 152 \\
                 14. 1900: Putting Information on the Assembly Line /
                 168 \\
                 15. Probing the Commercial Market / 197 \\
                 16. Getting Started in Britain / 212 \\
                 17. ``My Row with North'' / 221 \\
                 18. Commercial Success / 238 \\
                 19. An Unusual Competitor: the Government / 258 \\
                 20. Enter Mr. Powers / 267 \\
                 21. The Growing Impasse / 277 \\
                 22. {\em Tabulating Machine Co.} v. {\em Durand} / 296
                 \\
                 23. Hollerith Sells Out / 306 \\
                 24. A Life of Leisure / 315 \\
                 25. The Rise of IBM / 323 \\
                 Notes / 349 \\
                 Selected Bibliography / 403 \\
                 Index / 407",
}

@Book{Randell:1982:ODC,
  editor =       "Brian Randell",
  booktitle =    "The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers",
  title =        "The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xvi + 580",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-387-11319-3, 3-540-11319-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-11319-7, 978-3-540-11319-5",
  LCCN =         "TK7885.A5 O741 1982",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 03 08:28:47 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcw.bib",
  series =       "Texts and monographs in computer science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See also other editions
                 \cite{Randell:1973:ODC,Randell:1975:ODC}.",
  tableofcontents = "Chapter I: Introduction / 1 \par

                 Chapter II: Analytical Engines / 9 \\
                 2.1. On the Mathematical Powers of the Calculating
                 Engine / C. Babbage (1837) / 19 \\
                 2.2. Report of the Committee \ldots{} appointed to
                 consider the advisability and to estimate the expense
                 of constructing Mr. Babbage's Analytical Machine, and
                 of printing tables by its means / C. W. Merrifield
                 (1879) / 55 \\
                 2.3. Babbage's Analytical Engine / H. P. Babbage (1910)
                 / 67 \\
                 2.4. On a Proposed Analytical Machine / P. E. Ludgate
                 (1909) / 73 \\
                 2.5. Essays on Automatics -- Its Definition --
                 Theoretical Extent of its Applications / L. Torres Y
                 Quevedo 1914 / 89 \\
                 2.6. Electromechanical Calculating Machine / L. Torres
                 y Quevedo (1920) / 109 \\
                 2.7. Scheme of Assembly of a Machine Suitable for the
                 Calculations of Celestial Mechanics / L. Couffignal
                 (1938) / 121 \par

                 Chapter III: Tabulating Machines / 127 \\
                 3.1. An Electric Tabulating System / H. Hollerith
                 (1889) / 133 \\
                 3.2. Calculating Machines: Their Principles and
                 Evolution / L. Couffignal (1933) / 145 \\
                 3.3. The Automatic Calculator IPM / H.-J. Dreyer and A.
                 Walther (1946) / 155 \par

                 Chapter IV: Zuse and Schreyer / 159 \\
                 4.1. Method for Automatic Execution of Calculations
                 with the aid of Computers / K. Zuse 1936 / 163 \\
                 4.2. Technical Computing Machines / H. Schreyer (1939)
                 / 171 \\
                 4.3. The Outline of a Computer Development from
                 Mechanics to Electronics / K. Zuse 1962 / 175
                 \par

                 Chapter V: Aiken and IBM / 191 \\
                 5.1. Proposed Automatic Calculating Machine / H. H.
                 Aiken (1937) / 195 \\
                 5.2. The Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator / H.
                 H. Aiken and G. M. Hopper (1946) / 203 \\
                 5.3. Electrons and Computation / W. J. Eckert (1948) /
                 223 \\
                 5.4. The IBM Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator / J.
                 W. Sheldon and L. Tatum (1951) / 233 \par

                 Chapter VI: Bell Telephone Laboratories / 241 \\
                 6.1. Computer / G. R. Stibitz (1940) / 247 \\
                 6.2. The Relay Interpolator / O. Cesareo (1946) / 253
                 \\
                 6.3. The Ballistic Computer / J. Juley (1947) / 257 \\
                 6.4. A Bell Telephone Laboratories' Computing Machine /
                 F. L. Alt (1948) / 263 \par

                 Chapter VII: The Advent of Electronic Computers / 293
                 \\
                 7.1. Binary Calculation / E. W. Phillips (1936) / 303
                 \\
                 7.2. Computing Machine for the Solution of Large
                 Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations / J. V. Atanasoff
                 (1940) / 315 \\
                 7.3. Arithmetical Machine / V. Bush (1940) / 337 \\
                 7.4. Report on Electronic Predictors for Anti-Aircraft
                 Fire Control / J. A. Rajchman et al. (1942) / 345 \\
                 7.5. Colossus: Godfather of the Computer / B. Randell
                 (1977) / 349 \\
                 7.6. The Use of High Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for
                 Calculating / J. W. Mauchly (1942) / 355 \\
                 7.7. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
                 (ENIAC) / H. H. Goldstine and A. Goldstine (1946) / 359
                 \par

                 Chapter VIII: Stored Program Electronic Computers / 375
                 \\
                 8.1. First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC / J. von
                 Neumann (1945) / 383 \\
                 8.2. Preparation of Problems for EDVAC-type Machines /
                 J. W. Mauchly (1947) / 393 \\
                 8.3. Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an
                 Electronic Computing Instrument / A. W. Burks et al.
                 (1946) / 399 \\
                 8.4. Electronic Digital Computers / F. C. Williams and
                 T. Kilburn (1948) / 415 \\
                 8.5. The EDSAC / M. V. Wilkes and W. Renwick (1949) /
                 417 \\
                 8.6. The EDSAC Demonstration / B. H. Worsley (1949) /
                 423 \par

                 Bibliography / 431 \\
                 Index to Bibliography / 545 \\
                 Subject Index / 563",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-10,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  booktitle =    "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 10: The
                 {Exposition of 1851}",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 10: The
                 {Exposition of 1851}",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "173",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-510-6, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-510-6, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75",
  MRnumber =     "998158 (90g:01071)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:1989:WCB-2,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  booktitle =    "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 2, The
                 {Difference Engine} and table making",
  title =        "The works of {Charles Babbage}, Vol. 2, The
                 {Difference Engine} and table making",
  publisher =    "William Pickering",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "233",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "1-85196-502-5, 1-85196-005-8 (set)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85196-502-1, 978-1-85196-005-7 (set)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (39-03 65-03 68-03)",
  MRnumber =     "998150 (90g:01063)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:42:35 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; 1961; mathematics",
}

@Book{Aspray:1990:CBC,
  editor =       "William Aspray and Allan G. Bromley and Martin
                 Campbell-Kelly and Paul E. Ceruzzi and Michael R.
                 Williams",
  booktitle =    "Computing before computers",
  title =        "Computing before computers",
  publisher =    "Iowa State University Press",
  address =      "Ames, IA, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 266",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-8138-0047-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8138-0047-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .C5834 1990",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 21 13:31:55 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/DocumentArchive/Documents/Books/Computing\%20Before\%20Computers/CBC.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Charles Babbage",
  subject =      "Calculators; History; Computers; Computers;
                 Informatique; Histoire; Ordinateurs; Rechenmaschine",
  tableofcontents = "Early calculation / Michael R. Williams \\
                 Difference and Analytical Engines / Allan G. Bromley
                 \\
                 Logic machines / William Aspray \\
                 Punched-card machinery / Martin Campbell-Kelly \\
                 Analog computing devices / Allan G. Bromley \\
                 Relay calculators / Paul E. Ceruzzi \\
                 Electronic calculators / Paul E. Ceruzzi",
  xxpages =      "x + 266",
}

@Book{Ralston:1993:ECS,
  editor =       "Anthony Ralston and Edwin D. {Reilly, Jr.}",
  booktitle =    "Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering",
  title =        "Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering",
  publisher =    pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD,
  address =      pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xxv + 1558",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-442-27679-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-442-27679-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.15 .E48 1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 02 10:58:31 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/marsaglia-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Rosenberg:1994:EBB,
  author =       "Nathan Rosenberg",
  booktitle =    "Exploring the black box: technology, economics, and
                 history",
  title =        "Exploring the black box: technology, economics, and
                 history",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 274",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-521-45270-8 (hardback), 0-521-45955-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-45270-0 (hardback), 978-0-521-45955-6
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "T173.8 .R66 1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:44 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam025/93004681.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam021/93004681.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Technological innovations; United States; Economic
                 aspects",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Part I. Dealing With an Uncertain Future: 1.
                 Path-dependent aspects of technological change \\
                 2. Charles Babbage: pioneer economist \\
                 3. Joseph Schumpeter: radical economist \\
                 4. Technological innovation and long waves \\
                 Part II. Technology in Context: 5. Economic experiments
                 \\
                 6. Why in America? \\
                 7. Can Americans learn to become better imitators? \\
                 8. Critical issues in science policy research \\
                 Part III. Sectoral Studies in Technological Change: 9.
                 Energy-efficient technologies: past and future
                 perspectives \\
                 10. Innovation in the chemical processing industries
                 \\
                 11. Telecommunications: complex, uncertain, and
                 path-dependent \\
                 12. Understanding the adoption of new technology in the
                 forest products industry \\
                 13. Scientific instrumentation and university
                 research",
}

@Book{Dotzler:1996:BRA,
  editor =       "Bernhard Dotzler",
  booktitle =    "{Babbages Rechen-Automate: ausgew{\"a}hlte Schriften}.
                 ({German}) [{Babbage}'s calculating machines: selected
                 works]",
  title =        "{Babbages Rechen-Automate: ausgew{\"a}hlte Schriften}.
                 ({German}) [{Babbage}'s calculating machines: selected
                 works]",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 502",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "3-211-82640-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-211-82640-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 20 09:52:02 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  series =       "Computerkultur",
  URL =          "http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?an=0853.01012",
  ZMnumber =     "0853.01012",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classmath =    "{01A55 (Mathematics in the 19th century) 01A70
                 (Biographies, obituaries, personalia, bibliographies)
                 68-03 (Historical (computer science)) 01-02 (Research
                 monographs (history)) }",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Contains German translations of 26 papers by or about
                 Charles Babbage.",
}

@Book{Woolley:1999:BSR,
  author =       "Benjamin Woolley",
  booktitle =    "The bride of science: romance, reason, and {Byron}'s
                 daughter",
  title =        "The bride of science: romance, reason, and {Byron}'s
                 daughter",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 416",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-07-137329-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-137329-6",
  LCCN =         "QA29.L72 W66 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 14 18:27:04 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/mh041/2001274424.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/mh021/2001274424.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/mh021/2001274424.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Originally published: London: Macmillan, 1999.",
  subject =      "Lovelace, Ada King; Countess of; Women mathematicians;
                 Great Britain; Biography; Computers and women; History;
                 19th century; Aristocracy (Social class)",
  subject-dates = "1815--1852",
}

@Book{Green:2001:TPI,
  editor =       "Christopher D. Green and Marlene Gay Shore and Thomas
                 Teo",
  booktitle =    "The transformation of psychology: influences of 19th
                 century philosophy, technology, and natural science",
  title =        "The transformation of psychology: influences of 19th
                 century philosophy, technology, and natural science",
  publisher =    pub-APA,
  address =      pub-APA:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 245",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-55798-776-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-55798-776-1",
  LCCN =         "BF103 .T73 2001",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:39:48 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 tegument.nlm.nih.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Psychology; history; History, 19th Century",
  tableofcontents = "Eugenics and other Victorian ``secular religions''
                 / Raymond E. Fancher \\
                 Practical phrenology as psychological counseling in the
                 19th-century United States / Michael M. Sokal \\
                 Sealing off the discipline: Wilhelm Wundt and the
                 psychology of memory / Kurt Danziger \\
                 Psychology and memory in the midst of change: the
                 social concerns of late-19th-century North American
                 psychologists / Marlene Shore \\
                 The psychology of mathematical beauty in the 19th
                 century: the golden section / John G. Benjafield \\
                 Cause into function: Ernst Mach and the reconstruction
                 of explanation in psychology / Andrew S. Winston \\
                 Charles Babbage, the analytical engine, and the
                 possibility of a 19th-century cognitive science /
                 Christopher D. Green \\
                 Instincts and instruments / Katharine Anderson \\
                 Philosophic doubts about psychology as a natural
                 science / Charles W. Tolman \\
                 Karl Marx and Wilhelm Dilthey on the socio-historical
                 conceptualization of the mind / Thomas Teo \\
                 Early development and psychology: genetic and
                 embryological influences, 1880--1920 / Fredric
                 Weizmann",
}

@Book{Black:2002:IHS,
  author =       "Edwin Black",
  booktitle =    "{IBM} and the {Holocaust}: the strategic alliance
                 between {Nazi Germany} and {America}'s most powerful
                 corporation",
  title =        "{IBM} and the {Holocaust}: the strategic alliance
                 between {Nazi Germany} and {America}'s most powerful
                 corporation",
  publisher =    "Three Rivers Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "551",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-609-80899-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-609-80899-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "HD9696.2.U64 I253 2002",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 13 17:24:54 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Originally published: New York: Crown Publishers,
                 c2001. With a new afterword.",
  subject =      "Germany; Statistical services; History; 20th century;
                 Holocaust, Jewish (1939--1945); Data processing; Jews;
                 1933--1945",
  tableofcontents = "Numbered people \\
                 The IBM--Hitler intersection \\
                 Identifying the Jews \\
                 The IBM--Nazi alliance \\
                 A Nazi medal for Watson \\
                 War cards \\
                 Deadly count \\
                 With Blitzkrieg efficiency \\
                 The Dehomag revolt \\
                 The struggle to stay in the Axis \\
                 France and Holland \\
                 IBM and the war \\
                 Extermination \\
                 The spoils of genocide \\
                 Afterword: the next chapter \\
                 Revelation and responsibility",
}

@Book{Clarke:2002:EIR,
  editor =       "Bruce Clarke and Linda Dalrymple Henderson",
  booktitle =    "From energy to information: representation in science
                 and technology, art, and literature",
  title =        "From energy to information: representation in science
                 and technology, art, and literature",
  publisher =    pub-STANFORD,
  address =      pub-STANFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 440",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-8047-4176-X, 0-8047-4210-3 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8047-4176-7, 978-0-8047-4210-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "T15 .F78 2002",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 10:10:15 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Writing science",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0710/2002070594-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0710/2002070594-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy033/2002070594.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Technology; History; Science",
  tableofcontents = "Illustrations \\
                 Contributors \\
                 Acknowledgments \\
                 Introduction / Bruce Clarke and Linda Dalrymple
                 Henderson \\
                 From Thermodynamics to Virtuality / Bruce Clarke \\
                 Part One. The Cultures of Thermodynamics \\
                 Introduction \\
                 1. Time Discovered and Time Gendered in Victorian
                 Science and Culture / M. Norton Wise \\
                 2. Dark Star Crashes: Classical Thermodynamics and the
                 Allegory of Cosmic Catastrophe / Bruce Clarke \\
                 3. Energetic Abstraction: Ostwald, Bogdanov, and
                 Russian Post-Revolutionary Art / Charlotte Douglas \\
                 Part Two. Ether and Electromagnetism: Capturing the
                 Invisible \\
                 Introduction \\
                 4. Lines of Force, Swirls of Ether / Bruce J. Hunt \\
                 5. The Real and the Ethereal: Modernist Energies in
                 Eliot and Pound / Ian F. A. Bell \\
                 6. Vibratory Modernism: Boccioni, Kupka, and the Ether
                 of Space / Linda Dalrymple Henderson \\
                 Part Three. Traces and Inscriptions: Diagramming Forces
                 \\
                 Introduction \\
                 7. Representation on the Line: Graphic Recording
                 Instruments and Scientific Modernism / Robert M. Brain
                 \\
                 8. Concerning the Line: Music, Noise, and Phonography /
                 Douglas Kahn \\
                 9. Bodies in Force Fields: Design Between the Wars /
                 Christoph Asendorf \\
                 Part Four. Representing Information \\
                 Introduction \\
                 10. On the Imagination's Horizon Line: Uchronic
                 Histories, Protocybernetic Contact, and Charles
                 Babbage's Calculating Engines / David Tomas \\
                 11. Escape and Constraint: Three Fictions Dream of
                 Moving from Energy to Information / N. Katherine Hayles
                 \\
                 Part Five. Voxels and Sensels: Bodies in Virtual Space
                 \\
                 Introduction \\
                 13. Authorship and Surgery: The Shifting Ontology of
                 the Virtual Surgeon / Timothy Lenoir and Sha Xin Wei
                 \\
                 14. Eversion: Brushing against Avatars, Aliens, and
                 Angels / Marcos Novak \\
                 Part Six. Representation from Pre- to Post-Modernity
                 \\
                 Introduction \\
                 5. Puppet and Test Pattern: Mechanicity and Materiality
                 in Modern Pictorial Representation / Richard Shiff \\
                 16. Dinosaurs and Modernity / W. J. T. Mitchell \\
                 Notes \\
                 Index",
}

@Book{Campbell-Kelly:2003:HMT,
  editor =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly and Mary Croarken and Raymond
                 Flood and Eleanor Robson",
  booktitle =    "The History of Mathematical Tables: From {Sumer} to
                 Spreadsheets",
  title =        "The History of Mathematical Tables: From {Sumer} to
                 Spreadsheets",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "372",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-19-850841-7 (print)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-850841-0 (print)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 9 08:01:25 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Tables; History; Math{\'e}matiques;
                 Histoire; Mathematics.; Tables.; Matematiska tabeller;
                 historia.",
  tableofcontents = "Tables and tabular formatting in Sumer, Babylonia,
                 and Assyria, 2500 BCE--50 CE / Eleanor Robson / 19 \\
                 The making of logarithm tables / Graham Jagger / 49 \\
                 History of actuarial tables / Christopher Lewin and
                 Margaret de Valois / 79 \\
                 The computation factory: de Prony's project for making
                 tables in the 1790s / Ivor Grattan-Guinness / 105 \\
                 Difference engines: from Muller to Comrie / Michael R.
                 Williams / 123 \\
                 The 'unerring certainty of mechanical agency': machines
                 and table making in the nineteenth century / Doron
                 Swade / 145 \\
                 Table making in astronomy / Arthur L. Norberg / 177 \\
                 The General Register Office and the tabulation of data,
                 1837--1939 / Edward higgs / 209 \\
                 Table making by committee: British table makers,
                 1871--1965 / Mary Croarken / 235 \\
                 Table making for the relief of labour / David Alan
                 Grier / 265 \\
                 The making of astronomical tables in HM Nautical
                 Almanac Office / George A. Wilkins / 295 \\
                 The rise and rise of the spreadsheet / Martin
                 Campbell-Kelly / 323",
}

@Book{Freedgood:2003:FPN,
  editor =       "Elaine Freedgood",
  booktitle =    "Factory production in nineteenth-century {Britain}",
  title =        "Factory production in nineteenth-century {Britain}",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 321",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-19-514872-X (paperback), 0-19-516101-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-514872-5 (paperback), 978-0-19-516101-4",
  LCCN =         "TS155 .F4855 2003",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:27:05 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  series =       "The Victorian archives series",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0613/2002025781-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0613/2002025781-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Production management; Great Britain; History; 19th
                 century; Factory management; Social conditions",
  tableofcontents = "1. Looking Inside \\
                 A Day at a Hat-Factory (1843) / George Dodd \\
                 What There Is in a Button (1852) / Harriet Martineau
                 \\
                 The Process of Ironmaking (1907) / Lady Bell \\
                 On the Method of Observing Manufactories (1832) /
                 Charles Babbage \\
                 The Industrial Position of Women (1893) / Emilia Dilke
                 \\
                 Inventions in Spinning Machines (1835) / Edward Baines,
                 Jr. \\
                 2. Machines and Management \\
                 Of the Division of Labor (1776) / Adam Smith \\
                 From A Statement Regarding the New Lanark Establishment
                 (1812) / Robert Owen \\
                 On Machinery (1821) / David Ricardo \\
                 Captains of Industry (1843) / Thomas Carlyle \\
                 The Factory (1867) / Karl Marx \\
                 From The Beggar's Complaint (1813) / George Beaumont
                 \\
                 From On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures
                 (1832) / Charles Babbage \\
                 General View of Manufacturing Industry (1835) / Andrew
                 Ure \\
                 Hand Loom Weavers and Factory Workers: A Letter to
                 James Turner, Cotton Spinner (1835) / Francis Place \\
                 The Effects of Machinery on Manual Labor, and on the
                 Distribution of the Produce of Industry (1842) \\
                 3. Calculating Losses \\
                 From The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working
                 Classes (1832) / James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth \\
                 Separation of Families (1833) / Peter Gaskell \\
                 Speech on the Ten Hours Act: Delivered in the House of
                 Commons on the 22d of May, 1846 (1846) / Thomas
                 Macaulay \\
                 Yorkshire Slavery (1830) / Richard Oastler \\
                 Parliamentary Testimony on Child Labour (1837) /
                 Charles Wing \\
                 From Single Branches of Industry (1845) / Friedrich
                 Engels \\
                 Ground in the Mill (1854) / Henry Morley \\
                 From His Diary (1860) / John Ward (O'Neil) \\
                 4. By Hand \\
                 The Nature of Gothic (1853) / John Ruskin \\
                 The Revival of Handicraft: An Article in the
                 ``Fortnightly Review,'' November 1888 (1888) / William
                 Morris \\
                 The Duty of Spinning (1921) / Mahatma Gandhi \\
                 Hand-Spinning Again (1921) \\
                 The Secret of Swaraj (1921)",
}

@Book{Simoes:2003:TLG,
  editor =       "Ana Sim{\~o}es and Ana Carneiro and Maria Paula
                 Diogo",
  booktitle =    "Travels of learning: a geography of science in
                 {Europe}",
  title =        "Travels of learning: a geography of science in
                 {Europe}",
  volume =       "233",
  publisher =    pub-KLUWER,
  address =      pub-KLUWER:adr,
  bookpages =    "xiv + 353",
  pages =        "xiv + 353",
  year =         "2003",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3584-1",
  ISBN =         "1-4020-1259-4, 94-017-3584-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4020-1259-4, 978-94-017-3584-1",
  ISSN =         "0068-0346",
  ISSN-L =       "0068-0346",
  LCCN =         "Q174 .B67 v. 233",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 10 09:55:13 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bsphs.bib;
                 libdb.lib.upenn.edu:7090/voyager",
  series =       ser-BOSTON-STUD-PHILOS-SCI,
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-017-3584-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  series-URL =   "https://link.springer.com/bookseries/5710",
  subject =      "Communication in science; Europe; History; Knowledge,
                 Sociology of; Travel",
  tableofcontents = "Travels of learning: introductory remarks / Ana
                 Sim{\~o}es, Ana Carneiro, and Maria Paula Diogo \\
                 A periphery between two centres?: Portugal in the
                 scientific route from Europe to China / Henrique
                 Leit{\~a}o \\
                 Scientific travels of the Greek scholars in the
                 eighteenth century / Manolis Patiniotis \\
                 Yirmisekiz Mehmed {\c{C}}elebi's travelogue and the
                 wonders that make a scientific centre / Berna
                 Kilin{\c{c}} \\
                 Emmanuel Mendes da Costa (1717--1791): a case study in
                 scientific reputation / Rhodri Hayward \\
                 Embodied skills and travelling savants: experimental
                 chemistry in eighteenth-century Sweden and England /
                 Brian Dolan \\
                 Constructing the centre from the periphery: Spanish
                 travellers to France at the time of the chemical
                 revolution / Antonio Garc{\'\i}a Belmar, Jos{\'e}
                 Ram{\'o}n Bertomeu S{\'a}nchez \\
                 Under the banner of Catalan industry: scientific
                 journeys and technology transfer in nineteenth-century
                 Barcelona / Agust{\'\i} Nieto-Galan \\
                 Travelling interchanges between the Russian empire and
                 Western Europe: travels of engineers during the first
                 half of the nineteenth century / Irina Gouz{\'e}vitch
                 and Dmitri Gouz{\'e}vitch \\
                 Babbage, the analytical engine and the Turin academy of
                 sciences / Marco Segala \\
                 The role of travels in the internationalisation of
                 nineteenth-century Portuguese geological science / Ana
                 Carneiro \ldots{} [et al.] \\
                 Discovering Switzerland: internationalisation of Nordic
                 students prior to World War II / Timo Myllyntaus \\
                 Accommodation to a new centre: Albert
                 Szent-Gy{\"o}rgyi's trip to the Soviet Union /
                 G{\'a}bor Pall{\'o}",
}

@Book{Norris:2005:DAI,
  editor =       "Sigrid Norris and Rodney H. Jones",
  booktitle =    "Discourse in action: introducing mediated discourse
                 analysis",
  title =        "Discourse in action: introducing mediated discourse
                 analysis",
  publisher =    pub-ROUTLEDGE,
  address =      pub-ROUTLEDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 229",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-415-36617-8 (paperback), 0-415-35429-3 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-415-36617-5 (paperback), 978-0-415-35429-5
                 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "P302.84 .D574 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:41:43 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 library.usc.edu:2200/unicorn",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0653/2004023214-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip051/2004023214.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Discourse analysis; Social aspects",
  tableofcontents = "Discourse as action/discourse in action / Rodney H.
                 Jones and Sigrid Norris \\
                 Introducing mediated action / Sigrid Norris and Rodney
                 H. Jones \\
                 The rhythmic integration of action and discourse: work,
                 the body and the earth / Ron Scollon \\
                 You always have to land: accomplishing the sequential
                 organization of actions to land an airliner / Maurice
                 Neville \\
                 Introducing mediational means/cultural tools / Rodney
                 H. Jones and Sigrid Norris \\
                 Vygotsky's two approaches to mediation / James V.
                 Wertsch \\
                 Mediating discourses of transnational adoption on the
                 internet / Paul McIlvenny and Pirkko Raudaskoski \\
                 Multimodality, genre and design / Theo Van Leeuwen \\
                 Introducing practice / Rodney H. Jones and Sigrid
                 Norris \\
                 Mediated actions, social practices, and
                 contextualization: a case study from service encounters
                 / Laurent Filliettaz \\
                 Place, pace, and meaning: multimedia chronotypes / Jay
                 Lemke \\
                 Using multiple situation definitions to create hybrid
                 activity space / Shawn Rowe \\
                 Introducing sites of engagement / Sigrid Norris and
                 Rodney H. Jones \\
                 Sites of engagement as sites of attention: time, space
                 and culture in electronic discourse / Rodney H. Jones
                 \\
                 From anticipation to performance: sites of engagement
                 as process / Ingrid de Saint-Georges \\
                 Introducing agency / Rodney H. Jones and Sigrid Norris
                 \\
                 Agency distributed through time, space and tools:
                 Bentham, Babbage and the census / Suzie Scollon \\
                 Habitus, social identity, the perception of male
                 domination - and agency? / Sigrid Norris \\
                 Methodological principles and new directions in MDA /
                 Sigrid Norris and Rodney H. Jones \\
                 Postscript / Gunther Kress",
}

@Book{Husbands:2008:MMH,
  editor =       "Philip Husbands and Owen Holland and Michael Wheeler",
  booktitle =    "The mechanical mind in history",
  title =        "The mechanical mind in history",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 458",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-262-08377-9 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-262-08377-5 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "Q335 .M3956 2008",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:31:58 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Artificial intelligence; History; Philosophy;
                 Biological systems; Simulation methods; Cognitive
                 science; Cybernetics; Philosophy of mind",
  tableofcontents = "Preface vii \\
                 1 Introduction: The Mechanical Mind / Philip Husbands,
                 Michael Wheeler and Owen Holland / 1 \\
                 2 Charles Babbage and the Emergence of Automated Reason
                 / Seth Bullock / 19 \\
                 3 D'Arcy Thompson: A Grandfather of A-Life / Margaret
                 A. Boden / 41 \\
                 4 Alan Turing's Mind Machines / Donald Michie / 61 \\
                 5 What Did Alan Turing Mean by ``Machine''? / Andrew
                 Hodges / 75 \\
                 6 The Ratio Club: A Hub of British Cybernetics / Philip
                 Husbands and Owen Holland / 91 \\
                 7 From Mechanisms of Adaptation to Intelligence
                 Amplifiers The Philosophy of W. Ross Ashby / Peter M.
                 Asaro / 149 \\
                 8 Gordon Pask and His Maverick Machines / Jon Bird and
                 Ezequiel A. Di Paolo / 185 \\
                 9 Santiago Dreaming / Andy Beckett / 213 \\
                 10 Steps Toward the Synthetic Method Symbolic
                 Information Processing and Self-Organizing Systems in
                 Early Artificial Intelligence Modeling / Roberto
                 Cordeschi / 219 \\
                 11 The Mechanization of Art / Paul Brown / 259 \\
                 12 The Robot Story: Why Robots Were Born and How They
                 Grew Up / Jana Horakova and Jozef Kelemen / 283 \\
                 13 God's Machines: Descartes on the Mechanization of
                 Mind / Michael Wheeler / 307 \\
                 14 Why Heideggerian AI Failed and How Fixing It Would
                 Require Making It More Heideggerian / Hubert L. Dreyfus
                 / 331 \\
                 15 An Interview with John Maynard Smith / 373 \\
                 16 An Interview with John Holland / 383 \\
                 17 An Interview with Oliver Selfridge / 397 \\
                 18 An Interview with Horace Barlow / 409 \\
                 19 An Interview with Jack Cowan / 431",
}

@Book{Adamson:2010:CR,
  editor =       "Glenn Adamson",
  booktitle =    "The craft reader",
  title =        "The craft reader",
  publisher =    "Berg Publishers",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  pages =        "xii + 641",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "1-84788-304-4 (hardcover), 1-84788-303-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-84788-304-9 (hardcover), 978-1-84788-303-2
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 TT149 .C733 2010",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 3 11:26:41 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "clavis.ucalgary.ca:2200/UNICORN;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Theodor Adorno; Anni Albers; Amadou H{\^a}mpat{\'e}
                 B{\^a}; Charles Babbage; Roland Barthes; Andrea Branzi;
                 Alison Britton; Rafael Cardoso; Johanna Drucker;
                 Charles Eames; Salvatore Ferragamo; Kenneth Frampton;
                 Alfred Gell; Walter Gropius; Tanya Harrod; Martin
                 Heidegger; Patrick Heron; Bernard Leach; Esther Leslie;
                 W. R. Lethaby; Lucy Lippard; Adolf Loos; Karl Marx;
                 William Morris; Robert Morris; L{\'a}szl{\'o}
                 Moholy-Nagy; Stefan Muthesius; George Nakashima;
                 Octavio Paz; Grayson Perry; M. C. Richards; John
                 Ruskin; Raphael Samuel; Ellen Gates Starr; Debbie
                 Stoller; Alexis de Tocqueville; Lee Ufan; Frank Lloyd
                 Wright",
  subject =      "Handicraft; Decorative arts; Industrial arts",
  tableofcontents = "Part 1. How-to \\
                 `Introductory remarks', from The Teacher's Handbook of
                 Sl{\"o}jd / Otto Salomon \\
                 Elements of handicraft and design / W. A. S. Benson \\
                 The wheelwright's shop / George Sturt \\
                 On weaving / Anni Albers \\
                 Primitive pottery / Hal Riegger \\
                 Part 2. Craft and the Industrial Revolution \\
                 On the economy of machines and manufactures / Charles
                 Babbage \\
                 Artisans and machinery / Peter Gaskell \\
                 `How an aristocracy may emerge from industry', from
                 Democracy in America / Alexis de Tocqueville \\
                 Industrial biography: iron workers and tool makers /
                 Samuel Smiles \\
                 Capital / Karl Marx \\
                 `The primary effects of scientific management', from
                 Labor and monopoly capitalism / Harry Braverman \\
                 The workshop of the world: steam power and hand
                 technology in mid-Victorian Britain / Raphael Samuel
                 --Technological innovation and design economics in
                 furniture manufacture / Michael Ettema \\
                 Artistic America / Siegried Bing \\
                 In the cause of architecture: the architect and the
                 machine / Frank Lloyd Wright \\
                 Art and the machine / Hermann Muthesius \\
                 Building materials / Adolf Loos \\
                 Handwerk/kunsthandwerk / Stefan Muthesius \\
                 Part 3. Modern craft: idealism and reform \\
                 `The nature of Gothic', from The Stones of Venice /
                 John Ruskin \\
                 The revival of handicraft / William Morris \\
                 Art and labor / Ellen Gates Starr \\
                 Art and workmanship / W. R. Lethaby \\
                 `Slogans', `the work ahead of us' and `the problem of
                 the relationship between man and object' / Vladimir
                 Tatlin \\
                 `The way of craftsmanship', from The Unknown craftsman:
                 a Japanese insight into beauty / S{\^o}etsu Yanagi \\
                 A potter's book / Bernard Leach \\
                 Initiation and the crafts / Ren{\'e} Gu{\'e}ron \\
                 Indian handicrafts / Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay \\
                 `The relation of the past to the demands of the
                 present', World Crafts Conference Proceedings (1964)
                 \\
                 Centering / M. C. Richards \\
                 Introduction to Craftsman lifestyle: the gentle
                 revolution / Eudorah Moore \\
                 The soul of a tree / George Nakashima \\
                 The long shadow of William Morris: paradigmatic
                 problems of twentieth-century American furniture /
                 Edward S. Cooke, Jr. \\
                 Part 4. The persistence of craft in the age of mass
                 production \\
                 Shoemaker of dreams / Salvatore Ferragamo \\
                 Crafting grand cru chocolates in contemporary France /
                 Susan J. Terrio \\
                 From peasant to artisan: motor mechanics in a Nigerian
                 town / Sara Berry \\
                 Destiny world: textile casualties in southern Nigeria /
                 David T. Doris \\
                 On a particular kind of love and the specificity of
                 Soviet production / Sergei Alasheev \\
                 Original copies / Philip Tinari \\
                 `What is cybernetics?', from The Human use of humans /
                 Norbert Wiener \\
                 Abstracting craft: the practiced digital hand / Malcolm
                 McCullough \\
                 `Digital artisans manifesto', European Digital Artisans
                 Network / Richard Barbrook and Pit Schultz \\
                 Craft versus design: moving beyond a tired dichotomy /
                 Rafael Cardoso \\
                 Part 5. Craft in theory: aesthetics, essence, status
                 \\
                 The nature and art of workmanship / David Pye \\
                 `The genesis of the technical object: the process of
                 concretization, from Du Mode d'existence des objets
                 techniques / Gilbert Simondon \\
                 `Forms in the realms of matter', from The Life of forms
                 in art / Henri Focillon \\
                 Rhythm / Elsie Fogerty \\
                 The Mande blacksmiths: knowledge, power and art in West
                 Africa / Patrick R. McNaughton \\
                 African art: where the hand has ears / Amadou
                 H{\^a}mpat{\'e} B{\^a} \\
                 Walter Benjamin: traces of craft / Esther Leslie \\
                 Functionalism today / Theodor Adorno --The thing /
                 Martin Heidegger \\
                 Rappel {\`a} l'ordre: the case for the tectonic /
                 Kenneth Frampton \\
                 `Art and craft', from The Principles of art / R. G.
                 Collingwood \\
                 Art and work / Harold Rosenberg \\
                 `Comment' and responses / John Bentley Mays \\
                 Curatorial comment from The Maker's eye / Alison
                 Britton \\
                 How envy killed the crafts / Garth Clark \\
                 Part 6. Craft in action: life, art, design \\
                 The enchantment of technology and the technology of
                 enchantment / Alfred Gell \\
                 Making something from nothing (toward a definition of
                 women's `hobby art') / Lucy Lippard \\
                 `The creation of femininity', from The Subversive
                 stitch: embroidery and the making of the feminine /
                 Rozsika Parker \\
                 There's no place like home: home dressmaking and
                 creativity in the Jamaican community of the 1940s to
                 the 1960s / Carole Tulloch \\
                 House-trained objects: notes towards writing an
                 alternative history of modern art / Tanya Harrod \\
                 The new ceramic presence / Rose Slivka \\
                 How I spent my summer vacation or, art and politics in
                 Nevada, Berkeley, San Francisco and Utah / Philip
                 Leider \\
                 Some notes on the phenomenology of making: the search
                 for the motivated / Robert Morris \\
                 The art of encounter / Lee Ufan \\
                 Let the artisans craft our future / Grayson Perry \\
                 `Manifesto of the bauhaus' and `Education and the
                 bauhaus' / Walter Gropius and L\'aszl\'o Moholy-Nagy
                 \\
                 Shaping America's products / Don Wallance \\
                 Asilomar Conference Proceedings 1957 / Marguerite
                 Wildenhain and Charles Eames \\
                 `The new handicrafts,' from Hot house / Andrea Branzi
                 \\
                 Part 7. Contemporary approaches \\
                 Affectivity and entropy: production aesthetics in
                 contemporary sculpture / Johanna Drucker \\
                 `Craftsmen in the factory of images', from BoysCraft /
                 Tami Katz-Freiman \\
                 And what is your title? / Zandra Ahl \\
                 Craft hard, die free: radical curatorial strategies for
                 craftivism in unruly contexts / Anthea Black and Nicole
                 Burisch \\
                 The politics of craft: a roundtable / Julia
                 Bryan-White, [et al]",
}

@Book{Flood:2011:MVB,
  editor =       "Raymond Flood and Adrian C. (Adrian Clifford) Rice and
                 Robin Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Mathematics in {Victorian Britain}",
  title =        "Mathematics in {Victorian Britain}",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 466",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-19-960139-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-960139-4",
  LCCN =         "QA26 .M37 2011",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 10 18:27:57 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annscience.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1211/2011938072-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1211/2011938072-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1211/2011938072-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Analytical Engine; Charles Babbage; Difference
                 Engine",
  subject =      "Mathematics; History; 19th century; Mathematiker.;
                 Mathematikerin.; Grossbritannien.",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 1. Cambridge: The rise and fall of the mathematical
                 tripos / Tony Crilly \\
                 2. Mathematics in Victorian Oxford: A tale of three
                 professors / Keith Hannabuss \\
                 3. Mathematics in the metropolis: A survey of Victorian
                 London / Adrian Rice \\
                 4. Scotland: Land of opportunity but few rewards / A.
                 J. S. Mann and A. D. D. Craik \\
                 5. Taking root: Mathematics in Victorian Ireland /
                 Raymond Flood \\
                 6. Wranglers in exile: Mathematics in the British
                 empire / June Barrow-Green \\
                 7. A voice for mathematics: Victorian mathematical
                 journals and societies / Sloan Evans Despeaux \\
                 8. Victorian 'applied mathematics' / A. D. D. Craik \\
                 9. Victorian astronomy: The age of the 'Grand Amateur'
                 / Allan Chapman \\
                 10. Calculating engines: Machines, mathematics, and
                 misconceptions / Doron D. Swade \\
                 11. Vital statistics: The measurement of public health
                 / M. Eileen Magnello \\
                 13. Instruction in the calculus and differential
                 equations in Victorian and Edwardian Britain / I.
                 Grattan-Guinness \\
                 14. Geometry: The Euclid debate / Amirouche Moktefi \\
                 15. Victorian algebra: The freedom to create new
                 mathematical entities / Karen Hunger Parshall \\
                 16. Victorian logic: From Whately to Russell / I.
                 Grattan-Guinness \\
                 17. Combinatorics: A very Victorian recreation / Robin
                 Wilson \\
                 18. Overstating their case? Reflections on British pure
                 mathematics in the 19th century / Jeremy Gray",
}

@Book{Jones:2011:DHC,
  editor =       "Cliff B. Jones and John L. Lloyd",
  booktitle =    "Dependable and Historic Computing: Essays Dedicated to
                 {Brian Randell} on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday",
  title =        "Dependable and Historic Computing: Essays Dedicated to
                 {Brian Randell} on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday",
  volume =       "6875",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 523 + 137",
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24541-1",
  ISBN =         "3-642-24540-4 (paperback), 3-642-24541-2 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-642-24540-4 (paperback), 978-3-642-24541-1
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.17",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 7 13:43:34 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  abstract =     "This Festschrift volume, published in honor of Brian
                 Randell on the occasion of his 75th birthday, contains
                 a total of 37 refereed contributions. Two biographical
                 papers are followed by the six invited papers that were
                 presented at the conference 'Dependable and Historic
                 Computing: The Randell Tales', held during April 7--8,
                 2011 at Newcastle University, UK. The remaining
                 contributions are authored by former scientific
                 colleagues of Brian Randell. The papers focus on the
                 core of Brian Randell's work: the development of
                 computing science and the study of its history.
                 Moreover, his wider interests are reflected and so the
                 collection comprises papers on software engineering,
                 storage fragmentation, computer architecture,
                 programming languages and dependability. There is even
                 a paper that echoes Randell's love of maps. After an
                 early career with English Electric and then with IBM in
                 New York and California, Brian Randell joined Newcastle
                 University. His main research has been on dependable
                 computing in all its forms, especially reliability,
                 safety and security aspects, and he has led several
                 major European collaborative projects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Ada Augusta Lovelace; Charles Babbage; Douglas Rayner
                 Hartree; Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare",
  subject =      "Computer science; Microprogramming; Software
                 engineering; Operating systems (Computers); Data
                 protection; Electronic data processing; Informatique;
                 Microprogrammation; G{\'e}nie logiciel; Syst{\`e}mes
                 d'exploitation (Ordinateurs); Protection de
                 l'information (Informatique); computer science.; data
                 processing.; operating systems.; Electronic data
                 processing.; Computer science.; Data protection.;
                 Microprogramming.; Operating systems (Computers);
                 Software engineering.; Computersicherheit;
                 Fehlertoleranz; Informatik; Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit",
  subject-dates = "Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897--12 February
                 1958)",
  tableofcontents = "Front Matter \\
                 Part A: Biographical \\
                 What I Learned from Brian / Hermann Kopetz / 1--6 \\
                 Brian Randell: A Biographical Note / John L. Lloyd, Tom
                 Anderson / 7--14 \\
                 Part B: Conference Papers \\
                 On Building a Referee's Avatar / Algirdas
                 Avi{\v{z}}ienis / 15--22 \\
                 From Theory to Practice: The Invention of Programming,
                 1947--51 / Martin Campbell-Kelly / 23--37 \\
                 Transactions: From Local Atomicity to Atomicity in the
                 Cloud / David Lomet / 38--52 \\
                 From DSS to MILS / John Rushby / 53--57 \\
                 Pre-electronic Computing / Doron Swade / 58--83 \\
                 Whetstone Wanderings / Brian Wichmann / 84--92 \\
                 Part C: Contributed Papers \\
                 Using Real-Time Road Traffic Data to Evaluate
                 Congestion / Jean Bacon, Andrei Iu. Bejan, Alastair R.
                 Beresford, David Evans, Richard J. Gibbens, Ken Moody /
                 93--117 \\
                 Fault Tolerant Autonomic Computing Systems in a
                 Chemical Setting / Jean-Pierre Ban{\^a}tre, Christine
                 Morin, Thierry Priol / 118--129 \\
                 Out of a Closet: The Early Years of The Computer Museum
                 / Gordon Bell / 130--146 \\
                 Timing Faults and Mixed Criticality Systems / Alan
                 Burns, Sanjoy Baruah / 147--166 \\
                 Professor Brian Randell and the History of Computing /
                 Paul E. Ceruzzi / 167--173 \\
                 Computer Storage Fragmentation: Pioneering Work of
                 Brian Randell / Ed Coffman / 174--184 \\
                 IBM-ACS: Reminiscences and Lessons Learned from a
                 1960's Supercomputer Project / Lynn Conway / 185--224
                 \\
                 The Belgian Electronic Mathematical Machine
                 (1951--1962): an Account / Pierre-Jacques Courtois /
                 225--237 \\
                 On the Resilience of the Dependability Framework to the
                 Intrusion of New Security Threats / Marc Dacier /
                 238--250 \\
                 Virtual Fault Tolerance / Peter J. Denning / 251--260
                 \\
                 Recovery Blocks / Tony Hoare / 261--266 \\
                 The Development and Writing of ``Process Structuring''
                 / J. J. Horning / 267--272 \\
                 A Tolerant Approach to Faults / Michael Jackson /
                 273--282 \\
                 Causality in Structured Occurrence Nets / Jetty Kleijn
                 and Maciej Koutny / 283--297 \\
                 Diversity / John C. Knight / 298--312 \\
                 Swords and Ploughshares: Connections between Computer
                 Projects for War and Peace, 1945--55 / Simon Lavington
                 / 313--322 \\
                 The Evolution of the Arjuna Transaction Processing
                 System / M. C. Little and S. K. Shrivastava / 323--343
                 \\
                 Making Experiments Dependable / Roy Maxion / 344--357
                 \\
                 Wallpaper Maps / M. Douglas McIlroy / 358--375 \\
                 Incremental Design: Programming with Holes and Evolvers
                 / Ron Morrison, Dharini Balasubramaniam, and Brian
                 Warboys / 376--386 \\
                 Carrying Goals to Newcastle: A Tribute to Brian Randell
                 / Peter G. Neumann / 387--392 \\
                 Distributed Computing in the 21st Century: Some Aspects
                 of Cloud Computing / Fabio Panzieri, Ozalp
                 Babao{\u{g}}lu, Stefano Ferretti, Vittorio Ghini, and
                 Moreno Marzolla / 393--412 \\
                 Software Engineering: Multi-person Development of
                 Multi-version Programs / David Lorge Parnas / 413--427
                 \\
                 Tolerance of Design Faults / David Powell, Jean Arlat,
                 Yves Deswarte, and Karama Kanoun / 428--452 \\
                 On the Implementation of Concurrent Objects / Michel
                 Raynal / 453--478 \\
                 Beyond Traces and Independence / Fred B. Schneider /
                 479--485 \\
                 Socio-technical Complex Systems of Systems: Can We
                 Justifiably Trust Their Resilience? / Luca Simoncini /
                 486--497 \\
                 Safety, Security and Dependability in Crowd Computing /
                 W{\l}adys{\l}aw M. Turski / 498--503 \\
                 Achieving Dependability in Service-Oriented Systems /
                 Jie Xu / 504--522 \\
                 Author Index / 523--523",
}

@Book{Zenil:2013:CUU,
  editor =       "Hector Zenil",
  booktitle =    "A computable universe: understanding and exploring
                 nature as computation",
  title =        "A computable universe: understanding and exploring
                 nature as computation",
  publisher =    pub-WORLD-SCI,
  address =      pub-WORLD-SCI:adr,
  pages =        "xliv + 810",
  year =         "2013",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1142/8306",
  ISBN =         "981-4374-29-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-981-4374-29-3",
  LCCN =         "QA267.7 .C676 2013",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 1 11:03:49 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Foreword by Roger Penrose.",
  URL =          "http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8306",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computational complexity",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword / R. Penrose \\
                 Preface \\
                 Acknowledgements \\
                 Introducing the Computable Universe / H. Zenil \\
                 Historical, Philosophical and Foundational Aspects of
                 Computation: \\
                 Origins of Digital Computing: Alan Turing, Charles
                 Babbage, and Ada Lovelace / D. Swade \\
                 Generating, Solving and the Mathematics of Homo
                 Sapiens. E. Post's Views on Computation / L. De Mol \\
                 Machines / R. Turner \\
                 Effectiveness / N. Dershowitz and E. Falkovich \\
                 Axioms for Computability: Do They Allow a Proof of
                 Church's Thesis? / W. Sieg \\
                 The Mathematician's Bias and the Return to Embodied
                 Computation / S. B. Cooper \\
                 Intuitionistic Mathematics and Realizability in the
                 Physical World / A. Bauer \\
                 What is Computation? Actor Model versus Turing's Model
                 / C. Hewitt \\
                 Computation in Nature and the Real World: \\
                 Reaction Systems: A Natural Computing Approach to the
                 Functioning of Living Cells / A. Ehrenfeucht, J.
                 Kleijn, M. Koutny and G. Rozenberg \\
                 Bacteria, Turing Machines and Hyperbolic Cellular
                 Automata / M. Margenstern \\
                 Computation and Communication in Unorganized Systems /
                 C. Teuscher \\
                 The Many Forms of Amorphous Computational Systems / J.
                 Wiedermann \\
                 Computing on Rings / G. J. Mart{\'\i}nez, A. Adamatzky
                 and H. V. McIntosh \\
                 Life as Evolving Software / G. J. Chaitin \\
                 Computability and Algorithmic Complexity in Economics /
                 K. V. Velupillai and S. Zambelli \\
                 Blueprint for a Hypercomputer / F. A. Doria \\
                 Computation and Physics and the Physics of Computation:
                 \\
                 Information-Theoretic Teleodynamics in Natural and
                 Artificial Systems / A. F. Beavers and C. D. Harrison
                 \\
                 Discrete Theoretical Processes (DTP) / E. Fredkin \\
                 The Fastest Way of Computing All Universes / J.
                 Schmidhuber \\
                 The Subjective Computable Universe / M. Hutter \\
                 What Is Ultimately Possible in Physics? / S. Wolfram
                 \\
                 Universality, Turing Incompleteness and Observers / K.
                 Sutner \\
                 Algorithmic Causal Sets for a Computational Spacetime /
                 T. Bolognesi \\
                 The Computable Universe Hypothesis / M. P. Szudzik \\
                 The Universe is Lawless or Pant{\^o}n chr{\^e}mat{\^o}n
                 metron anthr{\^o}pon einai / C. S. Calude, F. W.
                 Meyerstein and A. Salomaa \\
                 Is Feasibility in Physics Limited by Fantasy Alone? /
                 C. S. Calude and K. Svozil \\
                 The Quantum, Computation and Information: \\
                 What is Computation? / How Does Nature Compute? / D.
                 Deutsch \\
                 The Universe as Quantum Computer / S. Lloyd \\
                 Quantum Speedup and Temporal Inequalities for
                 Sequential Actions / M. ukowski \\
                 The Contextual Computer / A. Cabello \\
                 A G{\"o}del--Turing Perspective on Quantum States
                 Indistinguishable from Inside / T. Breuer \\
                 When Humans Do Compute Quantum / P. Zizzi \\
                 Open Discussion Section: \\
                 Open Discussion on A Computable Universe / A. Bauer, T.
                 Bolognesi, A. Cabello, C. S. Calude, L. De Mol, F.
                 Doria, E. Fredkin, C. Hewitt, M. Hutter, M.
                 Margenstern, K. Svozil, M. Szudzik, C. Teuscher, S.
                 Wolfram and H. Zenil \\
                 Live Panel Discussion / transcription: \\
                 What is Computation? / How Does Nature Compute? / C. S.
                 Calude, G. J. Chaitin, E. Fredkin, A. J. Leggett, R. de
                 Ruyter, T. Toffoli and S. Wolfram \\
                 Zuse's Calculating Space: \\
                 Calculating Space / Rechnender Raum / K. Zuse \\
                 Afterword to Konrad Zuse's Calculating Space / A.
                 German and H. Zenil",
}

@Book{Copeland:2017:TG,
  editor =       "B. Jack Copeland and Jonathan Bowen and Mark Sprevak
                 and Robin Wilson",
  booktitle =    "The {Turing} guide",
  title =        "The {Turing} guide",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 546",
  year =         "2017",
  ISBN =         "0-19-874782-9 (hardcover), 0-19-874783-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-874782-6 (hardcover), 978-0-19-874783-3
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA29.T8 C67 2017",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 14 17:57:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "Alan Turing has long proved a subject of fascination,
                 but following the centenary of his birth in 2012, the
                 code-breaker, computer pioneer, mathematician (and much
                 more) has become even more celebrated with much media
                 coverage, and several meetings, conferences and books
                 raising public awareness of Turing's life and work.
                 This volume will bring together contributions from some
                 of the leading experts on Alan Turing to create a
                 comprehensive guide to Turing that will serve as a
                 useful resource for researchers in the area as well as
                 the increasingly interested general reader. The book
                 will cover aspects of Turing's life and the wide range
                 of his intellectual activities, including mathematics,
                 code-breaking, computer science, logic, artificial
                 intelligence and mathematical biology, as well as his
                 subsequent influence.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Turing, Alan Mathison; Mathematicians; Great Britain;
                 Biography; Mathematics; Computers; History; Computer
                 engineering; Cryptography",
  subject-dates = "Alan Mathison Turing (1912--1954)",
  tableofcontents = "Part I. Biography / 1 \\
                 1: Life and work / Jack Copeland and Jonathan Bowen / 3
                 \\
                 2: The man with the terrible trousers / Sir John Dermot
                 Turing / 19 \\
                 3: Meeting a genius / Peter Hilton / 31 \\
                 4: Crime and punishment / Jack Copeland / 35 \\
                 Part II. The universal machine and beyond / 41 \\
                 5: A century of Turing / Stephen Wolfram / 43 \\
                 6: Turing's great invention: the universal computing
                 machine / Jack Copeland / 49 \\
                 7: Hilbert and his famous problem / Jack Copeland / 57
                 \\
                 8: Turing and origins of digital computers / Brian
                 Randell / 67 \\
                 Part III. Codebreaker / 77 \\
                 9: At Bletchley Park / Jack Copeland / 79 \\
                 10: The Enigma machine / Joel Greenberg / 85 \\
                 11: Breaking machines with a pencil / Mavis Batey / 97
                 \\
                 12: Bombes / Jack Copeland (with Jean Valentine and
                 Catherine Caughey) / 109 \\
                 13: Introducing Banburisms / Edward Simpson / 129 \\
                 14: Tunny: Hitler's biggest fish / Jack Copeland / 143
                 \\
                 15: We were the world's first computer operators /
                 Eleanor Ireland / 161 \\
                 16: The Testery: breaking Hitler's most secret code /
                 Jerry Roberts / 167 \\
                 17: Ultra revelations / Brian Randell / 175 \\
                 18: Delilah --- encrypting speech / Jack Copeland / 183
                 \\
                 19: Turing's monument / Simon Greenish, Jonathan Bowen
                 and Jack Copeland / 189 \\
                 Part IV. Computers after the war / 197 \\
                 20: Baby / Jack Copeland / 199 \\
                 21: ACE / Martin Campbell-Kelly / 213 \\
                 22: Turing's zeitgeist / Brian Carpenter and Robert
                 Doran / 223 \\
                 23: Computer music / Jack Copeland and Jason Long / 233
                 \\
                 24: Turing, Lovelace, and Babbage / Doron Swade / 249
                 \\
                 Part V. Artificial Intelligence and the mind / 263 \\
                 25: Intelligent machinery / Jack Copeland / 265 \\
                 26: Turing's model of the mind / Mark Sprevak / 277 \\
                 27: The Turing test from every angle / Diane Proudfoot
                 / 287 \\
                 28: Turing's concept of intelligence / Diane Proudfoot
                 / 301 \\
                 29: Connectionism: computing with neurons / Jack
                 Copeland and Diane Proudfoot / 309 \\
                 30: Child machines / Diane Proudfoot / 315 \\
                 31: Computer chess --- the first moments / Jack
                 Copeland and Dani Prinz / 327 \\
                 32: Turing and the paranormal / David Leavitt / 347 \\
                 Part VI. Biological growth / 357 \\
                 33: Pioneer of artificial life / Margaret Boden / 359
                 \\
                 34: Turing's theory of morphogenesis / Thomas Woolley,
                 Ruth Baker, and Philip Maini / 373 \\
                 35: Radiolaria: validating the Turing theory / Bernard
                 Richards / 383 \\
                 Part VII. Mathematics / 389 \\
                 36: Introducing Turing's mathematics / Robin Whitty and
                 Robin Wilson / 391 \\
                 37: Decidability and the {\em Entscheidungsproblem\/} /
                 Robin Whitty / 405 \\
                 38: Banburismus revisited: depths and Bayes / Edward
                 Simpson / 415 \\
                 39: Turing and randomness / Rod Downey / 427 \\
                 40: Turing's mentor, Max Newman / Ivor Gratton-Guinness
                 / 437 \\
                 Part VIII. Finale / 443 \\
                 41: Is the whole universe a computer? / Jack Copeland,
                 Mark Sprevak, and Oron Shagrir / 445 \\
                 42: Turing's legacy / Jonathan Bowen and Jack Copeland
                 / 463 \\
                 Notes on the contributors / 475 \\
                 Further reading, notes, and references / 481 \\
                 Chapter notes / 484 \\
                 Index / 533",
}

@Book{Lewis:2021:ICF,
  author =       "Harry R. Lewis",
  booktitle =    "Ideas That Created the Future: Classic Papers of
                 Computer Science",
  title =        "Ideas That Created the Future: Classic Papers of
                 Computer Science",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 495",
  year =         "2021",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12274.001.0001",
  ISBN =         "0-262-04530-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-262-04530-8",
  LCCN =         "Q124.6-127.2",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 1 07:01:34 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hamming-richard-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lovelace-ada-augusta.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/shannon-claude-elwood.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  abstract =     "This book includes classic papers by thinkers ranging
                 from Aristotle and Leibniz to Norbert Wiener and Gordon
                 Moore that chart the evolution of computer science.
                 Ideas That Created the Future collects forty-six
                 classic papers in computer science that map the
                 evolution of the field. It covers all aspects of
                 computer science: theory and practice, architectures
                 and algorithms, and logic and software systems, with an
                 emphasis on the period of 1936--1980 but also including
                 important earlier work. Offering papers by thinkers
                 ranging from Aristotle and Leibniz to Alan Turing and
                 Nobert Wiener, the book documents the discoveries and
                 inventions that created today's digital world. A brief
                 essay by volume editor Harry Lewis, offering historical
                 and intellectual context, accompanies each paper.
                 Readers will learn that we owe to Aristotle the
                 realization that fixed rules of logic can apply to
                 different phenomena --- that logic provides a general
                 framework for reasoning --- and that Leibniz recognized
                 the merits of binary notation. They can read Ada
                 Lovelace's notes on L. F. Menabrea's sketch of an
                 analytical engine, George Boole's attempt to capture
                 the rules of reason in mathematical form, David
                 Hilbert's famous 1900 address, ``Mathematical
                 Problems,'' and Alan Turing's illumination of a
                 metamathematical world. Later papers document the
                 ``Cambrian era'' of 1950s computer design, Maurice
                 Wilkes's invention of microcode, Grace Hopper's vision
                 of a computer's ``education,'' Ivan Sutherland's
                 invention of computer graphics at MIT, Whitfield Diffie
                 and Martin Hellman's pioneering work on encryption, and
                 much more. Lewis's guided tour of a burgeoning field is
                 especially welcome at a time when computer education is
                 increasingly specialized.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer science; Geschichte; Computerarchitektur;
                 Informatik; Mathematics / General",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction: The Roots and Growth of Computer
                 Science \\
                 Prior Analytics (ca. 350 BCE) / Aristotle \\
                 The True Method (1677) / Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz \\
                 Sketch of the Analytical Engine (1843) / L. F.
                 Menabrea, with notes by the translator, Ada Agusta,
                 Countess of Lovelace \\
                 An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which Are
                 Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and
                 Probabilities (1854) / George Boole \\
                 Mathematical Problems (1900) / David Hilbert \\
                 On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the
                 Entscheidungsproblem (1936) / Alan Mathison Turing \\
                 Proposed Automatic Calculating Machine (1937) / Howard
                 Hathaway Aiken \\
                 A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits
                 (1938) / Claude Shannon \\
                 A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous
                 Activity (1943) / Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts \\
                 First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (1945) / John von
                 Neumann \\
                 As We May Think (1945) / Vannevar Bush \\
                 A Mathematical Theory of Communication (1948) / Claude
                 Shannon \\
                 Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes (1950) / R.
                 W. Hamming \\
                 Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950) / Alan
                 Mathison Turing \\
                 The Best Way to Design an Automatic Calculating Machine
                 (1951) / Maurice Wilkes \\
                 The Education of a Computer (1952) / Grace Murray
                 Hopper \\
                 On the Shortest Spanning Subtree of a Graph and the
                 Traveling Salesman Problem (1956) / Joseph B. Kruskal,
                 Jr., The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for
                 Information Storage and Organization (1958) / Frank
                 Rosenblatt \\
                 Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation
                 (1960) / Norbert Wiener \\
                 Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960) / J. C. R. Licklider \\
                 Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their
                 Computation by Machine (1960) / John McCarthy \\
                 Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework
                 (1962) / Douglas C. Engelbart \\
                 An Experimental Time-Sharing System (1962) / Fernando
                 Corbat{\'y}o, Marjorie Merwin Daggett, and Robert C.
                 Daley \\
                 Sketchpad (1963) / Ivan E. Sutherland \\
                 Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits
                 (1965) / Gordon Moore \\
                 Solution of a Problem in Concurrent Program Control
                 (1965) / Edsger Dijkstra \\
                 ELIZA-A Computer Program for the Study of Natural
                 Language Communication between Man and Machine (1966) /
                 Joseph Weizenbaum \\
                 The Structure of the ``THE''-Multiprogramming System
                 (1968) / Edsger Dijkstra \\
                 Go To Statement Considered Harmful (1968) / Edsger
                 Dijkstra \\
                 Gaussian Elimination is Not Optimal (1969) / Volker
                 Strassen \\
                 An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming (1969) / C.
                 A. R. Hoare \\
                 A Relational Model of Large Shared Data Banks (1970) /
                 Edgar F. Codd \\
                 Managing the Development of Large Software Systems
                 (1970) / Winston W. Royce \\
                 The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures (1971) /
                 Stephen A. Cook \\
                 A Statistical Interpretation of Term Specificity and
                 Its Application in Retrieval (1972) / Karen Sp{\'y}arck
                 Jones \\
                 Reducibility among Combinatorial Problems (1972) /
                 Richard Karp \\
                 The Unix Time-Sharing System (1974) / Dennis Ritchie
                 and Kenneth Thompson \\
                 A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication (1974)
                 / Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn \\
                 Programming with Abstract Data Types (1974) / Barbara
                 Liskov and Stephen Zilles \\
                 The Mythical Man-Month (1975) / Frederick C. Brooks \\
                 Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local
                 Computer Networks (1976) / Robert Metcalfe and David R.
                 Boggs \\
                 New Directions in Cryptography (1976) / Whitfield
                 Diffie and Martin Hellman \\
                 Big Omicron and Big Omega and Big Theta (1976) / Donald
                 E. Knuth: Social Processes and Proofs of Theorems and
                 Programs (1977) / Richard DeMillo, Richard Lipton, and
                 Alan Perlis \\
                 A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and
                 Public-Key Cryptosystems (1978) / Ronald Rivest, Adi
                 Shamir, and Len Adleman \\
                 How to Share a Secret (1979) / Adi Shamir",
}