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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "3.260",
%%%     date            = "29 August 2024",
%%%     time            = "09:53:10 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "gnu.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "28611 62270 266244 2726928",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography; BibTeX; FSF; Free Software
%%%                        Foundation; GNU; gcc (GNU Compiler
%%%                        Collection); g++; gawk; gimp; gnome; gnat;
%%%                        IBM SHARE; open source; Quantum Chemistry
%%%                        Program Exchange (QCPE); Richard M.
%%%                        Stallman",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a bibliography of publications about
%%%                        the GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) system.  It also
%%%                        includes coverage of
%%%
%%%                        * emacs, gawk, gcc, g++, and many other GNU
%%%                          software tools;
%%%
%%%                        * some early references to TECO, the
%%%                          implementation language on the DEC PDP-10
%%%                          (1974--1990) of the first Emacs text editor;
%%%
%%%                        * writings by, and about, Richard M.
%%%                          Stallman, the founder of the Free Software
%%%                          Foundation and the GNU Project, and a
%%%                          strong proponent of sharing software with
%%%                          the entire world;
%%%
%%%                        * free software; and
%%%
%%%                        * open-source hardware and software.
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography does NOT cover GNU/Linux,
%%%                        one of the kernels of the GNU operating
%%%                        system; that subject is covered in a
%%%                        companion bibliography, linux.bib, which is a
%%%                        subset of unix.bib.
%%%
%%%                        At version 3.00, this bibliography was
%%%                        significantly extended with more than 530
%%%                        additional entries, thanks to the search
%%%                        capabilities provided by bibsql,
%%%
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibsql
%%%
%%%                        an interface to multiple SQL databases
%%%                        containing BibTeX-format data from the TeX
%%%                        User Group and BibNet Project bibliography
%%%                        archives.  Those archives are freely
%%%                        available at
%%%
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/index-table.html
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet
%%%                            http://www.netlib.org/bib
%%%                            http://www.netlib.org/bibnet
%%%
%%%                        and many other mirrors around the world.
%%%
%%%                        The bibsql interface now makes it easy to
%%%                        mine those collections automatically to find
%%%                        new entries for this bibliography. However,
%%%                        from version 3.00 of gnu.bib, to avoid
%%%                        significant duplication, additional entries
%%%                        from linux.bib, linux-journal.bib, and
%%%                        unix.bib are henceforth excluded.  Entries
%%%                        from those sources that were in version 2.50
%%%                        (or earlier) of this bibliography have,
%%%                        however, been retained.
%%%
%%%                        At version 3.260, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1960 (   1)    1982 (   7)    2004 ( 109)
%%%                             1961 (   0)    1983 (   1)    2005 ( 113)
%%%                             1962 (   0)    1984 (  11)    2006 (  66)
%%%                             1963 (   0)    1985 (  12)    2007 (  60)
%%%                             1964 (   0)    1986 (   8)    2008 (  55)
%%%                             1965 (   0)    1987 (  20)    2009 (  59)
%%%                             1966 (   0)    1988 (  33)    2010 (  47)
%%%                             1967 (   0)    1989 (  26)    2011 (  58)
%%%                             1968 (   0)    1990 (  37)    2012 (  63)
%%%                             1969 (   1)    1991 (  42)    2013 (  38)
%%%                             1970 (   0)    1992 (  53)    2014 (  66)
%%%                             1971 (   3)    1993 (  50)    2015 (  58)
%%%                             1972 (   0)    1994 (  66)    2016 (  62)
%%%                             1973 (   0)    1995 (  56)    2017 (  62)
%%%                             1974 (   2)    1996 (  34)    2018 (  43)
%%%                             1975 (   3)    1997 (  36)    2019 (  64)
%%%                             1976 (   2)    1998 (  25)    2020 (  57)
%%%                             1977 (   3)    1999 (  85)    2021 (  70)
%%%                             1978 (   6)    2000 (  92)    2022 (  79)
%%%                             1979 (   2)    2001 ( 123)    2023 (  68)
%%%                             1980 (   7)    2002 ( 100)    2024 (   2)
%%%                             1981 (   9)    2003 ( 107)
%%%                             19xx (   5)
%%%                             20xx (   3)
%%%
%%%                             Article:       1619
%%%                             Book:           278
%%%                             InBook:          11
%%%                             InCollection:    10
%%%                             InProceedings:  145
%%%                             Manual:          47
%%%                             MastersThesis:   19
%%%                             Misc:            78
%%%                             Periodical:       4
%%%                             PhdThesis:        2
%%%                             Proceedings:     96
%%%                             TechReport:      60
%%%                             Unpublished:      1
%%%
%%%                             Total entries: 2370
%%%
%%%                        Many people in the current GNU,
%%%                        free-software, and open-source communities
%%%                        are likely unaware of important precursors
%%%                        to the modern free-software movement.  The
%%%                        next several paragraphs provide a compact
%%%                        history, and the bibliography files mentioned
%%%                        here can all be found in the TeX User Group
%%%                        and BibNet Project bibliography archives.
%%%
%%%                            --- begin historical remarks ---
%%%
%%%                        In his 1830 book, ``Reflections on the
%%%                        Decline of Science in England, and some of
%%%                        its Causes'', Charles Babbage, inventor of
%%%                        the Difference Engine and the Analytical
%%%                        Engine, and thus regarded by some as the
%%%                        father of the programmable computer, wrote in
%%%                        opposition to patents and intellectual
%%%                        property restrictions:
%%%
%%%                            ``An invention in science or in art, may
%%%                            justly be considered as possessing the
%%%                            rights of property in the highest degree.
%%%                            The lands we inherit from our fathers,
%%%                            were cultivated ere they were born, and
%%%                            yielded produce before they were
%%%                            cultivated.  The products of genius are
%%%                            the actual creations of the individual;
%%%                            and, after yielding profit or honour to
%%%                            him, they remain the permanent endowments
%%%                            of the human race.  If the institutions
%%%                            of our country, and the opinions of
%%%                            society, support us fully in the absolute
%%%                            disposal of our fields, of which we can,
%%%                            by the laws of nature, be only the
%%%                            transitory possessors, who shall justly
%%%                            restrict our discretion in the disposal
%%%                            of those richer possessions, the products
%%%                            of intellectual exertion?
%%%
%%%                            Two courses are open to those individuals
%%%                            who are thus endowed with Nature's
%%%                            wealth.  They may lock up in their own
%%%                            bosoms the mysteries they have
%%%                            penetrated, and by applying their
%%%                            knowledge to the production of some
%%%                            substance in demand in commerce, thus
%%%                            minister to the wants or comforts of
%%%                            their species, whilst they reap in
%%%                            pecuniary profit the legitimate reward of
%%%                            their exertions.
%%%
%%%                            It is open to them, on the other hand, to
%%%                            disclose the secret they have torn from
%%%                            Nature, and by allowing mankind to
%%%                            participate with them, to claim at once
%%%                            that splendid reputation which is rarely
%%%                            refused to the inventors of valuable
%%%                            discoveries in the arts of life.
%%%
%%%                            The two courses are rarely compatible,
%%%                            only indeed when the discoverer, having
%%%                            published his process, enters into equal
%%%                            competition with other manufacturers.''
%%%
%%%                        In 1849, Joseph Henry, President of the
%%%                        American Association for the Advancement of
%%%                        Science, wrote (quoted on the back cover of
%%%                        the October 1963 Bulletin of the Atomic
%%%                        Scientists):
%%%
%%%                            ``I have sought ... no patent for
%%%                            inventions and solicited no remuneration
%%%                            for my labors, but have freely given
%%%                            their results to the world ... The only
%%%                            reward I ever expected was the
%%%                            consciousness of advancing science and
%%%                            the pleasure of discovering new truths.''
%%%
%%%                        In 1955, the IBM SHARE group was formed to
%%%                        provide a mechanism for sharing software for
%%%                        IBM mainframe computers; see entry
%%%                        Anonymous:2015:BHS for a one-page timeline of
%%%                        SHARE. The group has a Web site at
%%%
%%%                            https://www.share.org/
%%%
%%%                        In 1962, the Quantum Chemistry Program
%%%                        Exchange (QCPE) was founded by Professor
%%%                        Harrison G. Shull at the University of
%%%                        Indiana, Bloomington, IN, USA, as an early
%%%                        service for collecting and distributing open
%%%                        source software in quantum and computational
%%%                        chemistry.  See entry Boyd:2013:QCP for a
%%%                        history of that service.
%%%
%%%                        In 1965, Jim Wilkinson (see
%%%                        wilkinson-james-hardy.bib) at the National
%%%                        Physical Laboratory in Teddington, England (a
%%%                        southwest London suburb), and several other
%%%                        prominent, and mainly European, numerical
%%%                        analysts, began an influential free-software
%%%                        publication program in the journal Numerische
%%%                        Mathematik.  Despite its name, that journal
%%%                        publishes numerical-computing research
%%%                        articles mostly in English, with less than
%%%                        fifteen percent of the articles in French or
%%%                        German. The published software is written in
%%%                        the Algol 60 programming language, and
%%%                        implements reliable numerical algorithms for
%%%                        matrix-algebra problems that are commonly met
%%%                        in engineering and scientific computations,
%%%                        and are now pervasive in numerical computing
%%%                        throughout the world, and across many
%%%                        disciplines in academia, commerce, industry,
%%%                        government, and the military.
%%%
%%%                        A subsequent book \cite{Wilkinson:1971:LA}
%%%                        republished 29 of those original journal
%%%                        articles, with commentary, corrections, and
%%%                        updates. They provide algorithmically-solid
%%%                        and extensively-tested computer programs for
%%%                        solving various types of linear-equation,
%%%                        linear-programming, and least-squares
%%%                        problems, finding singular-value
%%%                        decompositions, and solving eigenvalue
%%%                        problems.
%%%
%%%                        The Algol 60 language was chosen for the
%%%                        Numerische Mathematik articles because it had
%%%                        an international design and development team,
%%%                        was intended to be clean, clear, concise, and
%%%                        unencombered by computer-architectural
%%%                        considerations (of which Fortran possessed
%%%                        many), and was widely implemented in Europe.
%%%
%%%                        However, Algol 60 was peculiar in leaving
%%%                        input and output up to the implementation,
%%%                        and in having both a standard mixed-case
%%%                        publication-language form (used in typeset
%%%                        journal articles and books), and an
%%%                        implementation-dependent source-code form
%%%                        that was usually restricted to uppercase, and
%%%                        was commonly recorded on punched cards or
%%%                        paper tape.
%%%
%%%                        Algol 60 saw little use in North America,
%%%                        except at the relatively few academic sites
%%%                        with Burroughs computers, and the
%%%                        aforementioned peculiarities in practice made
%%%                        its code highly nonportable.
%%%
%%%                        The limitations of Algol 60, and the
%%%                        dominance of Fortran in numerical computing
%%%                        in North America, led to an effort there to
%%%                        translate all of the algorithms in the
%%%                        Wilkinson/Reinsch book to carefully-written,
%%%                        and highly-portable, Fortran, using the
%%%                        programmer team's wide experience on many
%%%                        commercial architectures, and the existence
%%%                        of the ANSI Fortran X3.9-1966 Standard, to
%%%                        guide their programming work.
%%%
%%%                        The programmer team originally called their
%%%                        effort the NATS Project, after the initial
%%%                        letters of their employing institutions:
%%%                        Northwestern University (Chicago, IL),
%%%                        Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, IL, a
%%%                        Chicago suburb), the University of Texas at
%%%                        Austin, and Stanford University (Stanford,
%%%                        CA).  As more numerical analysts joined the
%%%                        work, the NATS acronym was redefined to mean
%%%                        National Activity to Test Software.
%%%
%%%                        The first major result of the NATS work was
%%%                        the EISPACK library \cite{Smith:1976:MER,
%%%                        Garbow:1977:MER}, which provided Fortran
%%%                        translations of the eigensolution algorithms
%%%                        from Part II of the Wilkinson/Reinsch book.
%%%
%%%                        The second result of the NATS Project was the
%%%                        LINPACK library \cite{Dongarra:1979:LUG},
%%%                        which covered Part I of the Wilkinson/Reinsch
%%%                        book.
%%%
%%%                        The EISPACK library code was mainly a
%%%                        straightforward translation of Algol 60 to
%%%                        Fortran.  However, the LINPACK library made a
%%%                        significant change in the original Algol 60
%%%                        implementations, by identifying common code
%%%                        in time-critical inner loops that could be
%%%                        implemented in separate highly-optimized
%%%                        routines, called the Basic Linear Algebra
%%%                        Subroutines (BLAS), and which were well
%%%                        matched for the hardware capabilities of
%%%                        vector supercomputers of the 1970s.
%%%
%%%                        The third important result of the NATS
%%%                        Project was the LAPACK library, which
%%%                        replaced the functionality of both EISPACK
%%%                        and LINPACK, but under new, albeit similar,
%%%                        routine names.  About a dozen members of the
%%%                        team coauthored three editions of a book on
%%%                        the LAPACK software \cite{Anderson:1992:LUG,
%%%                        Anderson:1995:LUG, Anderson:1999:LUG}.  Their
%%%                        work continues today in a series of
%%%                        publications called the LAPACK Working Notes
%%%                        (LAWN) (documented in a separate
%%%                        bibliography, lawn.bib, and in some
%%%                        author-specific bibliographies of the BibNet
%%%                        Project, notably, dongarra-jack-j.bib,
%%%                        duff-iain-s.bib, golub-gene-h.bib,
%%%                        kincaid-david-r.bib, moler-cleve-b.bib,
%%%                        parlett-beresford-n.bib, rice-john-r.bib,
%%%                        wilkinson-james-hardy.bib, and
%%%                        young-david-m.bib).  Many of the LAWN
%%%                        documents have later appeared as refereed
%%%                        journal articles.
%%%
%%%                        Besides implementing many more algorithms,
%%%                        improving reliability and robustness, and
%%%                        incorporating the BLAS in the EISPACK
%%%                        replacements, LAPACK introduced many more
%%%                        numerical kernels that are called the Level 2
%%%                        and 3 BLAS.  The new BLAS routines implement
%%%                        time-critical inner double and triple loops
%%%                        that are common in many algorithms for matrix
%%%                        algebra.
%%%
%%%                        The higher-level BLAS routines simplify
%%%                        coding, and allow hiding of machine-dependent
%%%                        optimizations that exploit features of both
%%%                        vector and parallel hardware, including
%%%                        multicore and multithread CPUs, graphics
%%%                        processing units (GPUs), and multilevel
%%%                        memories whose worst-case access times can
%%%                        exceed instruction times by as much as a
%%%                        factor of 500 on 2010-vintage hardware.
%%%
%%%                        The NATS Project spawned many other
%%%                        collaborative efforts to produce free, and
%%%                        widely-needed, software, including FUNPACK
%%%                        (for mathematical elementary functions and a
%%%                        limited selection of special functions: see
%%%                        \cite{Cody:1975:FPS}, cody-william-j.bib, and
%%%                        elefunt.bib), ELLPACK (for elliptic
%%%                        differential equations: see rice-john-r.bib),
%%%                        LAPACK++ (object-oriented extensions),
%%%                        LAPACK3E (Fortran 90 extensions), ScaLAPACK
%%%                        and ScaLAPACK++ (for distributed memory
%%%                        concurrent computers), SPARSPACK (for large
%%%                        sparse linear equations and eigenvalue
%%%                        problems where conventional dense-matrix
%%%                        methods that require O(N**3) work and O(N**2)
%%%                        storage are impractical or infeasible), and
%%%                        TOOLPACK for Unix-like software tools (see
%%%                        fortran2.bib, signum.bib, fortran-forum.bib,
%%%                        and \cite{Kernighan:1976:ST,
%%%                        Kernighan:1981:STP,Kernighan:1984:UPE,
%%%                        Kernighan:1999:PP}).
%%%
%%%                        None of the three NATS software packages
%%%                        carries a license statement.  They were
%%%                        produced, often at academic and government
%%%                        expense, for the entire world to use freely
%%%                        and without any restrictions whatsoever.
%%%                        Users are free to modify and extend the
%%%                        software, and commercial vendors are free to
%%%                        reimplement it, or otherwise optimize it, in
%%%                        order to exploit particular features of their
%%%                        hardware and/or software.  Those
%%%                        reimplementations may be held proprietary if
%%%                        the vendor chooses, although the user
%%%                        interface (the routine calling sequence)
%%%                        remains unchanged from the public code.
%%%
%%%                        The main programming language for those
%%%                        numerical software libraries has remained
%%%                        Fortran: both LINPACK and LAPACK assume the
%%%                        1977 ANSI and 1978 ISO Fortran Standards, and
%%%                        LAPACK3e uses extensions from the 1990
%%%                        Fortran ISO Standard.  That practice is not
%%%                        particularly restrictive, because on modern
%%%                        (roughly post-1985) operating systems,
%%%                        Fortran routines are usually callable from
%%%                        other programming languages, albeit sometimes
%%%                        with platform-specific assumptions or
%%%                        compiler extensions.  However, with some
%%%                        subsequent manual cleanup, the CLAPACK
%%%                        distribution provides machine-translated
%%%                        C-language equivalents of a large subset of
%%%                        LAPACK, eliminating the need for numerical C
%%%                        programmers to concern themselves with the
%%%                        details of interlanguage calling conventions.
%%%                        However, efficiency may be lost because of
%%%                        the differing array storage-order conventions
%%%                        between the Fortran and C language families.
%%%                        The translations do NOT exchange loop order,
%%%                        with possibly severe effects on memory cache
%%%                        access efficiency.
%%%
%%%                        Starting in 1960, the journal Communications
%%%                        of the ACM (CACM), began publication of
%%%                        usually-short computer algorithms for a broad
%%%                        range of problems, including nonnumerical
%%%                        ones.  Eventually, there were almost 500
%%%                        of them, including Tony Hoare's famous
%%%                        partition and quicksort algorithms (see
%%%                        cacm1960.bib and cacm1970.bib).
%%%
%%%                        In 1975, a new journal, ACM Transactions on
%%%                        Mathematical Software (TOMS) (see toms.bib)
%%%                        was founded to continue publication of
%%%                        numerical algorithms, to allow publication of
%%%                        much larger packages that are too big to list
%%%                        in journal articles, and to provide
%%%                        developers an opportunity to publish
%%%                        descriptions of algorithms separate from
%%%                        papers about their implementations in
%%%                        computer languages.
%%%
%%%                        All code published in TOMS is required to be
%%%                        free software, although certain free-software
%%%                        or open-source software licenses are now
%%%                        permitted.  All software from TOMS articles
%%%                        is available for unrestricted downloads via
%%%                        the Netlib Project Web site and its mirrors.
%%%
%%%                        The TOMS journal has published research
%%%                        articles about many packages with names
%%%                        inspired by the original ones, including
%%%                        ABBPACK, ABDPACK, APPSPACK, CSRFPACK,
%%%                        CUBPACK, ELLPACK, FFPACK, FUNPACK, HOMPACK,
%%%                        HOMPACK90, IQPACK, ITPACK, LAPACK, NITPACK,
%%%                        ODRPACK, ODRPACK95, PELLPACK, PHCPACK,
%%%                        QMRPACK, QUADPACK, SRFPACK, SSRFPACK,
%%%                        STRIPACK, ScaLAPACK, TENPACK, TNPACK,
%%%                        TRIPACK, TSPACK, and UMFPACK.
%%%
%%%                        As far as this author knows, only three other
%%%                        journals provide for publication of numerical
%%%                        algorithms with accompanying free software:
%%%                        Applied Statistics (see as1950.bib,
%%%                        as1960.bib, as1970.bib, as1980.bib,
%%%                        as1990.bib, as2000.bib, as2010.bib, ...),
%%%                        Computing (27 algorithms up to 1976, and none
%%%                        since: see computing.bib), and the Journal of
%%%                        Statistical Software (see jstatsoft.bib).
%%%
%%%                        The journal Computer Physics Communications
%%%                        publishes many computer programs, but their
%%%                        copyright must be transferred to the journal
%%%                        publisher, which then sells them under
%%%                        restrictive nondisclosure licenses.  The
%%%                        well-known book series Numerical Recipes (in
%%%                        Fortran, C, C++, and Pascal) contains a lot
%%%                        of potentially useful computer code, but
%%%                        cripples their use by restrictive licensing.
%%%
%%%                        In 1980, Cleve Moler (see moler-cleve-b.bib),
%%%                        one of the original NATS developers,
%%%                        announced an interactive matrix calculator
%%%                        program, based on EISPACK and LINPACK, called
%%%                        Matlab.  The program attracted such wide
%%%                        interest that he, with Jack Little, founded a
%%%                        company, The MathWorks, Inc., in 1984 to
%%%                        further develop, market, and support Matlab
%%%                        (see matlab.bib).
%%%
%%%                        Although the original prototype calculator,
%%%                        now called Classic Matlab, was written
%%%                        entirely in Fortran, the current commercial
%%%                        Matlab is written mainly in C and C++.  The
%%%                        Mathworks, Inc., remains privately held, and
%%%                        is believed to be a multi-billion-dollar
%%%                        business.  The GNU Octave program implements
%%%                        a subset of Matlab, but The Mathworks now also
%%%                        offers much more software for matrix analysis,
%%%                        simulation, graphics, and others: see
%%%
%%%                            http://www.mathworks.com/
%%%
%%%                        Finally, it should be noted that another
%%%                        important offshoot of the MIT Artificial
%%%                        Intelligence Laboratory where Richard
%%%                        Stallman did much of his early work is the
%%%                        Lisp programming language (see
%%%                        common-lisp.bib and lispsymbcomput.bib),
%%%                        dialects of which have been used to implement
%%%                        several computer algebra systems, including
%%%                        Macsyma (now available as GNU Maxima; see
%%%                        maxima.bib), Reduce (released in open-source
%%%                        form in 2009: see
%%%
%%%                            http://www.reduce-algebra.com/
%%%                            http://reduce-algebra.sourceforge.net/
%%%
%%%                        \cite{Hearn:2009:RFS}, red-a-f.bib,
%%%                        red-g-l.bib, red-m-z.bib, redbooks.bib,
%%%                        redextra.bib, and reduce.bib), and SCRATCHPAD
%%%                        (now known as Axiom: see axiom.bib).  Axiom
%%%                        is being completely reimplemented as a
%%%                        literate program, on the grounds that the
%%%                        history, practices, and rigor of mathematics
%%%                        require computer-algebra software to be
%%%                        extendable, free, long-lived, open, and
%%%                        portable: see \cite{Page:2007:AOS}.
%%%
%%%                            --- end historical remarks ---
%%%
%%%                        The initial draft of this bibliography was
%%%                        derived almost entirely from the OCLC
%%%                        Article1st, Contents1st, Papers1st,
%%%                        Proceedings, and WorldCat databases.
%%%                        Additions were then made from all of the
%%%                        bibliographies in the TeX User Group
%%%                        collection, from the Uncover library
%%%                        database, from the University of California
%%%                        Melvyl catalog, from the U.S. Library of
%%%                        Congress catalog, from the IEEE INSPEC
%%%                        1989--1995 CD-ROM database, from
%%%                        bibliographies in the author's personal
%%%                        files, and from the computer science
%%%                        bibliography collection on ftp.ira.uka.de in
%%%                        /pub/bibliography to which many people of
%%%                        have contributed.  The snapshot of this
%%%                        collection was taken on 5-May-1994, and it
%%%                        consists of 441 BibTeX files, 2,672,675
%%%                        lines, 205,289 entries, and 6,375
%%%                        <at>String{} abbreviations, occupying 94.8MB
%%%                        of disk space.
%%%
%%%                        Regrettably, the OCLC databases often do not
%%%                        record final page numbers of journal
%%%                        articles, so there are many page ranges of
%%%                        the form 123--?? in this bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        Numerous errors in the sources noted above
%%%                        have been corrected.   Spelling has been
%%%                        verified with the UNIX spell and GNU ispell
%%%                        programs using the exception dictionary
%%%                        stored in the companion file with extension
%%%                        .sok.
%%%
%%%                        BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen
%%%                        as name:year:abbrev, where name is the
%%%                        family name of the first author or editor,
%%%                        year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a
%%%                        3-letter condensation of important title
%%%                        words. Citation tags were automatically
%%%                        generated by software developed for the
%%%                        BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        year order, using bibsort -byyear, to
%%%                        facilitate locating most recent work.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
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    "\ifx \undefined \La         \def \La {{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em}} \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \LyX        \def \LyX {L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\spacefactor1000} \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \manual     \font \manual = manfnt \hyphenchar \manual = -1 \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \MP         \def \MP {{\manual META}\-{\manual POST}\spacefactor1000 } \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \ocirc      \def \ocirc   #1{{\accent'27#1}}\fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \pkg        \def \pkg     #1{{{\tt #1}}} \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \POSTSCRIPT \def \POSTSCRIPT {{Post\-Script}} \fi"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:
@String{ack-bc =     "S. Bart Childs,
                    e-mail: \path|bart@cs.tamu.edu|"}

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

@String{ack-njh =  "Nick Higham,
                    e-mail: \path|higham@vtx.ma.man.ac.uk|"}

@String{ack-sk =     "Samuel Ko,
                    e-mail: \path|kko@sfu.ca|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Institution abbreviations:
@String{inst-CLSC               = "College of Science Computer, University of
                                  Utah"}
@String{inst-CLSC:adr           = "Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}

@String{inst-CSC                = "Center for Scientific Computing and
                                  Department of Mathematics, University of
                                  Utah"}
@String{inst-CSC:adr            = "Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}

@String{inst-MIT                = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}
@String{inst-MIT:adr            = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{inst-MIT-AI             = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
                                  Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"}
@String{inst-MIT-AI:adr         = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{inst-MIT-EECS           = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
                                  Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
                                  Department"}
@String{inst-MIT-EECS:adr       = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{inst-U-MARYLAND         = "University of Maryland"}
@String{inst-U-MARYLAND:adr     = "College Park, MD, USA"}

@String{inst-UTAH-MATH          = "University of Utah, Department of
                                  Mathematics"}
@String{inst-UTAH-MATH:adr      = "Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:
@String{j-ACM-COMM-COMP-ALGEBRA = "ACM Communications in Computer Algebra"}

@String{j-ACTA-OPHTHALMOL       = "Acta Ophthalmologica"}

@String{j-ADA-USER-J            = "Ada User Journal"}

@String{j-AI-EXPERT             = "AI Expert"}

@String{j-ALGORITHMS-BASEL      = "Algorithms ({Basel})"}

@String{j-AM-J-ECON-SOCIOL      = "The American Journal of Economics and Sociology"}

@String{j-ANN-SCIENCE           = "Annals of Science"}

@String{j-ANRITSU-TECHNICAL-BULL = "Anritsu Technical Bulletin"}

@String{j-BEHAV-RES-METH-INSTR-COMP = "Behavior Research Methods, Instruments,
                                  and Computers"}

@String{j-BULL-AT-SCI           = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"}

@String{j-BULL-SCI-ASSOC-INGEN-ELECTRICIENS-MONTEFIORE = "Bulletin
                                  Scientifique de l'Association des
                                  Ing{\'e}nieurs Electriciens sortis de
                                  l'Institut Electrotechnique Montefiore"}

@String{j-BYTE                  = "BYTE Magazine"}

@String{j-C-PLUS-PLUS-REPORT    = "C++ Report"}

@String{j-CACM                  = "Communications of the ACM"}

@String{j-CAN-J-FISH-AQUAT-SCI  = "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
                                  Sciences = Journal canadien des sciences
                                  halieutiques et aquatiques"}

@String{j-CCCUJ                 = "C/C++ Users Journal"}

@String{j-CCPE                  = "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                                   Experience"}

@String{j-COLLEGE-MATH-J        = "College Mathematics Journal"}

@String{j-COMMUN-STAT-THEORY-METH = "Communications in Statistics:
                                  Theory and Methods"}

@String{j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS        = "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News"}

@String{j-COMP-GEOSCI           = "Computers and Geosciences"}

@String{j-COMP-GRAPHICS         = "Computer Graphics"}

@String{j-COMP-HUM              = "Computers and the Humanities"}

@String{j-COMP-J                = "The Computer Journal"}

@String{j-COMP-LANGS-SYS-STRUCT = "Computer Languages, Systems and Structures"}

@String{j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM    = "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands:
                                  1999)"}

@String{j-COMP-PHYS-COMM        = "Computer Physics Communications"}

@String{j-COMP-STANDARDS-INTERFACES = "Computer Standards and Interfaces"}

@String{j-COMP-STAT             = "Computational Statistics"}

@String{j-COMP-SURV             = "ACM Computing Surveys"}

@String{j-COMP-SYS              = "Computing Systems"}

@String{j-COMP-VIS-IMAGE-UNDERSTANDING = "Computer Vision and Image
                                  Understanding: CVIU"}

@String{j-COMPUT-APPL-ENG-EDUC  = "Computer Applications in Engineering
                                  Education"}

@String{j-COMPUT-INTELL         = "Computational Intelligence"}

@String{j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL      = "Computers and Mathematics with Applications"}

@String{j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL      = "Computers and Mathematics with
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-COMPUT-PHYS           = "Computers in physics"}

@String{j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG        = "Computing in Science and Engineering"}

@String{j-COMPUT-SECUR          = "Computers \& Security"}

@String{j-COMPUTER              = "Computer"}

@String{j-COMPUTER-SHOPPER      = "Computer Shopper"}

@String{j-COMPUTERWOCHE         = "Computerwoche"}

@String{j-COMPUTING             = "Computing"}

@String{j-CONSERV-BIOL          = "Conservation Biology"}

@String{j-CONTEMP-PHYS          = "Contemporary Physics"}

@String{j-CPE                   = "Concurrency, practice and experience"}

@String{j-CRYPTOLOGIA           = "Cryptologia"}

@String{j-CUJ                   = "C Users Journal"}

@String{j-DATAMATION            = "Datamation"}

@String{j-DDDU                  = "Dr. Dobb's Developer Update"}

@String{j-DDJ                   = "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools"}

@String{j-ECOL-MODELL           = "Ecological Modelling"}

@String{j-ECOLOGY               = "Ecology"}

@String{j-EDN                   = "EDN"}

@String{j-EMBED-SYS-PROG        = "Embedded Systems Programming"}

@String{j-EMBEDDED-LINUX-J      = "Embedded Linux Journal"}

@String{j-EMBEDDED-LINUX-J-ONLINE = "Embedded Linux Journal Online"}

@String{j-EMPIR-SOFTWARE-ENG    = "Empirical Software Engineering"}

@String{j-EPODD                 = "Electronic
                                  Pub\-lish\-ing\emdash{}Orig\-i\-na\-tion,
                                  Dissemination, and Design"}

@String{j-FISH-RES              = "Fisheries Research"}

@String{j-FISHES                = "Fishes"}

@String{j-FORTRAN-FORUM         = "ACM Fortran Forum"}

@String{j-FRONTIERS-MAR-SCI     = "Frontiers in Marine Science"}

@String{j-FUND-INFO             = "Fundamenta Informaticae"}

@String{j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS      = "Future Generation Computer Systems"}

@String{j-FUTURE-INTERNET       = "Future Internet"}

@String{j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI     = "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences"}

@String{j-HYPERMEDIA            = "Hypermedia"}

@String{j-IBM-JRD               = "IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

@String{j-IBM-SYS-J             = "IBM Systems Journal"}

@String{j-ICES-J-MAR-SCI        = "ICES Journal of Marine Science"}

@String{j-IEEE-ACM-TASLP        = "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech,
                                  and Language Processing"}

@String{j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT  = "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT = "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters"}

@String{j-IEEE-DISTRIB-SYST-ONLINE = "IEEE Distributed Systems Online"}

@String{j-IEEE-CGA              = "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"}

@String{j-IEEE-COMPUT-SCI-ENG   = "IEEE Computational Science \& Engineering"}

@String{j-IEEE-MICRO            = "IEEE Micro"}

@String{j-IEEE-MULTIMEDIA       = "IEEE MultiMedia"}

@String{j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV         = "IEEE Security \& Privacy"}

@String{j-IEEE-SOFTWARE         = "IEEE Software"}

@String{j-IEEE-SPECTRUM         = "IEEE Spectrum"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT     = "IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-EMERG-TOP-COMPUT = "IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in
                                  Computing"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS = "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and
                                    Distributed Systems"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-PROF-COMMUN = "IEEE Transactions on Professional
                                  Communication"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG  = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

@String{j-IJHPCA                = "The International Journal of High Performance
                                  Computing Applications"}

@String{j-IJQC                  = "International Journal of Quantum Chemistry"}

@String{j-INFO-DECISION-TECHNOLOGIES = "Information and Decision Technologies"}

@String{j-INFO-RETRIEVAL-LIB-AUTO = "Information Retrieval and Library
                                  Automation"}

@String{j-INFO-SEC-TECH-REP =     "Information Security Technical Report"}

@String{j-INFO-SOFTWARE-TECH    = "Information and Software Technology"}

@String{j-INFO-SYST-J           = "Information Systems Journal"}

@String{j-INFORMATIK-INFORMATIONEN-REPORTE = "Informatik, Informationen
                                  Reporte"}

@String{j-INFORMATION-WEEK      = "Information Week"}

@String{j-INFORMS-J-COMPUT      = "INFORMS Journal on Computing"}

@String{j-INT-J-COMPUT-SYST-SCI-ENG = "International Journal of Computer
                                  Systems Science and Engineering"}

@String{j-INT-J-INFO-SEC        = "International Journal of Information
                                  Security"}

@String{j-INT-J-MAN-MACHINE-STUDIES = "International Journal of Man-Machine
                                  Studies"}

@String{j-INT-J-MINI-MICROCOMPUTERS = "International Journal of Mini and
                                  Microcomputers"}

@String{j-INT-J-PAR-EMER-DIST-SYS = "International Journal of Parallel, Emergent
                                  and Distributed Systems: IJPEDS"}

@String{j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG   = "International Journal of Parallel
                                   Programming"}

@String{j-INT-J-SOFTW-TOOLS-TECHNOL-TRANSFER = "International Journal on
                                 Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)"}

@String{j-INTEL-TECH-J          = "Intel Technology Journal"}

@String{j-ISIS                  = "Isis"}

@String{j-J-ACM                 = "Journal of the ACM"}

@String{j-J-AM-SOC-INF-SCI      = "Journal of the American Society for
                                  Information Science"}

@String{j-J-AM-SOC-INF-SCI-TECHNOL = "Journal of the American Society for
                                  Information Science and Technology: JASIST"}

@String{j-J-APPL-CRYSTAL        = "Journal of Applied Crystallography"}

@String{j-J-APPL-ECONOMETRICS   = "Journal of Applied Econometrics"}

@String{j-J-ASSOC-INF-SCI-TECHNOL = "Journal of the Association for Information
                                  Science and Technology"}

@String{j-J-AUTOM-REASON        = "Journal of Automated Reasoning"}

@String{j-J-BIOMED-INF          = "Journal of Biomedical Informatics"}

@String{j-J-CELL-BIOL           = "Journal of Cell Biology"}

@String{j-J-COMPUT-APPL-MATH    = "Journal of Computational and Applied
                                  Mathematics"}

@String{j-J-COMPUT-BIOL         = "Journal of Computational Biology"}

@String{j-J-COMPUT-CHEM         = "Journal of Computational Chemistry"}

@String{j-J-COMPUT-GRAPH-STAT   = "Journal of Computational and Graphical
                                  Statistics"}

@String{j-J-COMPUT-PHYS         = "Journal of Computational Physics"}

@String{j-J-COMPUT-SCI          = "Journal of Computational Science"}

@String{j-J-CRYPTOLOGY          = "Journal of Cryptology: the journal of the
                                  International Association for Cryptologic
                                  Research"}

@String{j-J-GRID-COMP           = "Journal of Grid Computing"}

@String{j-J-INFO-SEC-APPL       = "Journal of Information Security and
                                  Applications (JISA)"}

@String{j-J-MICROCOMPUT-APPL    = "Journal of Microcomputer Applications"}

@String{j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL    = "Journal of Network and Computer
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP       = "Journal of Parallel and Distributed
                                  Computing"}

@String{j-J-SIMUL               = "Journal of Simulation"}

@String{j-J-SOFTW-EVOL-PROC     = "Journal of Software: Evolution and Process"}

@String{j-J-SOFTW-MAINT-EVOL    = "Journal of Software Maintenance and
                                  Evolution: Research and Practice"}

@String{j-J-STAT-SOFT           = "Journal of Statistical Software"}

@String{j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING      = "The Journal of Supercomputing"}

@String{j-J-SYMBOLIC-COMP       = "Journal of Symbolic Computation"}

@String{j-J-SYST-SOFTW          = "The Journal of Systems and Software"}

@String{j-J-UCS                 = "J.UCS: Journal of Universal Computer
                                  Science"}

@String{j-J-VIS-COMP-ANIMATION  = "Journal of Visualization and Computer
                                  Animation"}

@String{j-JAVAWORLD             = "JavaWorld: IDG's magazine for the
                                  Java community"}

@String{j-JOCCH                 = "Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
                                  (JOCCH)"}

@String{j-JOHO-SHORI            = "Joho-Shori (J. Information Processing Soc.
                                  Japan)"}

@String{j-LEARN-PUBL            = "Learned Publishing"}

@String{j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI   = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}

@String{j-LINUX-J               = "Linux Journal"}

@String{j-LOGIN                 = ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter"}

@String{j-MANAGEMENT-SCIENCE    = "Management Science"}

@String{j-MARKUP-LANG           = "Markup Languages: Theory \& Practice"}

@String{j-MATH-COMPUT-SCI       = "Mathematics in Computer Science"}

@String{j-MED-PHYS              = "Medical Physics"}

@String{j-MICROPROC-MICROPROG   = "Microprocessing and Microprogramming"}

@String{j-NACHR-CHEM            = "{Nachrichten aus der Chemie}"}

@String{j-NAMS                  = "Notices of the American Mathematical
                                  Society"}

@String{j-NETWORK-SECURITY      = "Network Security"}

@String{j-NETWORK-WORLD         = "Network World"}

@String{j-NORDIC-J-COMPUT       = "Nordic Journal of Computing"}

@String{j-NUMER-ALGORITHMS      = "Numerical Algorithms"}

@String{j-OPER-SYS-REV          = "Operating Systems Review"}

@String{j-PACMHCI               = "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer
                                   Interaction (PACMHCI)"}

@String{j-PACMPL                = "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming
                                   Languages (PACMPL)"}

@String{j-PARALLEL-DIST-COMP-PRACT = "PDCP: Parallel and Distributed Computing
                                  Practices"}

@String{j-PERFORM-COMPUT        = "Performance Computing"}

@String{j-PERS-COMPUT-WORLD     = "Personal computer world"}

@String{j-PHYS-REV-LET          = "Physical Review Letters"}

@String{j-PHYS-WORLD            = "Physics World"}

@String{j-PROC-SPIE             = "Proceedings of the SPIE --- The
                                  International Society for Optical
                                  Engineering"}

@String{j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT = "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"}

@String{j-QUEUE                 = "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today"}

@String{j-RELIABLE-COMPUTING    = "Reliable Computing = Nadezhnye vychisleniia"}

@String{j-RES-POLICY            = "Research Policy"}

@String{j-REV-NETW-ECON         = "Review of Network Economics"}

@String{j-SCI-AMER              = "Scientific American"}

@String{j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM    = "Science of Computer Programming"}

@String{j-SCI-PROG              = "Scientific Programming"}

@String{j-SCI-PUBLIC-POL        = "Science and Public Policy"}

@String{j-SCIENTOMETRICS        = "Scientometrics"}

@String{j-SCPE                  = "Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience"}

@String{j-SIGACT                = "ACM SIGACT News"}

@String{j-SIGADA-LETTERS        = "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters"}

@String{j-SIGAPP                = "ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review"}

@String{j-SIGCSE                = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Computer Science Education)"}

@String{j-SIGMETRICS            = "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review"}

@String{j-SIGMOD                = "SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on
                                  Management of Data)"}

@String{j-SIGPLAN               = "ACM SIG{\-}PLAN Notices"}

@String{j-SIGSAM                = "SIGSAM Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation)"}

@String{j-SIGSOFT               = "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"}

@String{j-SOFTWARE-MAG          = "Software Magazine"}

@String{j-SPE                   = "Soft{\-}ware\emdash Prac{\-}tice and
                                  Experience"}

@String{j-SPIP                  = "Software Process: Improvement and Practice"}

@String{j-STAT-SCI              = "Statistical Science"}

@String{j-SUNEXPERT             = "SunExpert Magazine"}

@String{j-SYS-ADMIN            = "Sys Admin: The Journal for UNIX Systems
                                  Administrators"}

@String{j-TACCESS               = "ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing"}

@String{j-TACO                  = "ACM Transactions on Architecture and
                                  Code Optimization"}

@String{j-TECH-CULTURE          = "Technology and Culture"}

@String{j-TECHNIQUE-SCI-INFORMATIQUES = "Technique et Science Informatiques"}

@String{j-TECHNOVATION          = "Technovation"}

@String{j-TECS                  = "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing
                                  Systems"}

@String{j-TEXNIQUES             = "{\TeX}{\-}niques, Publications for the
                                  {\TeX} community"}

@String{j-THRI                  = "ACM Transactions on Human--Robot Interaction
                                  (THRI)"}

@String{j-TIOT                  = "ACM Transactions on Internet of Things
                                  (TIOT)"}

@String{j-TMIS                  = "ACM Transactions on Management Information
                                  Systems (TMIS)"}

@String{j-TOCE                  = "ACM Transactions on Computing Education"}

@String{j-TOCH                  = "ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare
                                  (HEALTH)"}

@String{j-TODAES                = "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of
                                   Electronic Systems."}

@String{j-TODS                  = "ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

@String{j-TOIS                  = "ACM Transactions on Information Systems"}

@String{j-TOIT                  = "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology
                                  (TOIT)"}

@String{j-TOMS                  = "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

@String{j-TOPLAS                = "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages
                                  and Systems"}

@String{j-TOPS                  = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security
                                  (TOPS)"}

@String{j-TOSEM                 = "ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and
                                  Methodology"}

@String{j-TRANS-GIS             = "Transactions in {GIS}"}

@String{j-TRANS-INFO-PROCESSING-SOC-JAPAN = "Transactions of the Information
                                  Processing Society of Japan"}

@String{j-TRANS-SOC-COMP-SIM    = "Transactions of the Society for Computer
                                  Simulation"}

@String{j-TRETS                 = "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology
                                  and Systems"}

@String{j-TUGboat               = "TUGboat"}

@String{j-UNIX-DEVELOPER        = "UNIX Developer"}

@String{j-UNIX-REVIEW           = "UNIX review"}

@String{j-UNIX-WORLD            = "UNIX/world"}

@String{j-VAX-PROF              = "The VAX professional"}

@String{j-WIRES                 = "WIREs Computational Statistics"}

@String{j-X-J                   = "{The {X} Journal: Computing Technology with
                                  the {X Window System}}"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Publisher abbreviations:
@String{pub-ACM                 = "ACM Press"}
@String{pub-ACM:adr             = "New York, NY 10036, USA"}

@String{pub-APRESS              = "Apress"}
@String{pub-APRESS:adr          = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-AW                  = "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey"}
@String{pub-AW:adr              = "Reading, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE           = "Cambridge University Press"}
@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr       = "Cambridge, UK"}

@String{pub-CMP-BOOKS           = "CMP Books"}
@String{pub-CMP-BOOKS:adr       = "6600 Silacci Way, Gilroy, CA 95020, USA"}

@String{pub-CORIOLIS            = "Coriolis Group Books"}
@String{pub-CORIOLIS:adr        = "Scottsdale, AZ, USA"}

@String{pub-DEC                 = "Digital Equipment Corporation"}
@String{pub-DEC:adr             = "Maynard, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-DP                  = "Digital Press"}
@String{pub-DP:adr              = "12 Crosby Drive, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"}

@String{pub-DPUNKT-VERLAG       = "dpunkt-Verlag"}
@String{pub-DPUNKT-VERLAG:adr   = "Heidelberg, Germany"}

@String{pub-ELS                 = "Elsevier"}
@String{pub-ELS:adr             = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-EUROPEN             = "EurOpen"}
@String{pub-EUROPEN:adr         = "Buntingford, Herts, UK"}

@String{pub-EYROLLES            = "Eyrolles"}
@String{pub-EYROLLES:adr        = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-FSF                 = "{Free Software Foundation, Inc.}"}
@String{pub-FSF:adr             = "51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
                                  MA 02110-1301, USA, Tel: (617) 876-3296"}

@String{pub-GNU-PRESS           = "GNU Press"}
@String{pub-GNU-PRESS:adr       = "Boston, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-HARVARD             = "Harvard University Press"}
@String{pub-HARVARD:adr         = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-HAYDEN              = "Hayden Books"}
@String{pub-HAYDEN:adr          = "4300 West 62nd Street,
                                  Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA"}

@String{pub-IBM                 = "IBM Corporation"}
@String{pub-IBM:adr             = "San Jose, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-IDG-WORLDWIDE       = "I D G Books Worldwide"}
@String{pub-IDG-WORLDWIDE:adr   = "Indianapolis, IN, USA"}

@String{pub-IEEE                = "IEEE Computer Society Press"}
@String{pub-IEEE:adr            = "1109 Spring Street, Suite 300, Silver
                                  Spring, MD 20910, USA"}

@String{pub-INTERNET-SOCIETY    = "Internet Society"}
@String{pub-INTERNET-SOCIETY:adr = "Reston, VA, USA"}

@String{pub-IOS                 = "IOS Press"}
@String{pub-IOS:adr             = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-KLUWER              = "Kluwer Academic Publishers Group"}
@String{pub-KLUWER:adr          = "Norwell, MA, USA, and Dordrecht,
                                  The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-LEARNED-INF         = "Learned Information"}
@String{pub-LEARNED-INF:adr     = "Medford, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-MANNING             = "Manning Publications"}
@String{pub-MANNING:adr         = "Greenwich, CT, USA"}

@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL         = "Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"}
@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-MF                  = "Miller Freeman Publications"}
@String{pub-MF:adr              = "San Francisco, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-MIT                 = "MIT Press"}
@String{pub-MIT:adr             = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-NETWORK-THEORY      = "Network Theory Ltd."}
@String{pub-NETWORK-THEORY:adr  = "Bristol, UK"}

@String{pub-NEW-RIDERS          = "New Riders Publishing"}
@String{pub-NEW-RIDERS:adr      = "Carmel, IN, USA"}

@String{pub-NH                  = "North-Holland Publishing Co."}
@String{pub-NH:adr              = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-NO-STARCH           = "No Starch Press"}
@String{pub-NO-STARCH:adr       = "San Francisco, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-OSBORNE-MCGRAW-HILL = "Osborne\slash Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"}
@String{pub-OSBORNE-MCGRAW-HILL:adr = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-ORA                 = "O'Reilly \& Associates, Inc."}
@String{pub-ORA:adr             = "981 Chestnut Street, Newton, MA 02164, USA"}

@String{pub-ORA-FRANCE          = "O'Reilly"}
@String{pub-ORA-FRANCE:adr      = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-ORA-MEDIA           = "O'Reilly Media"}
@String{pub-ORA-MEDIA:adr       = "Sebastopol, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-ORCP                = "O'Reilly Community Press"}
@String{pub-ORCP:adr            = "Sebastopol, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-OSBORNE             = "Osborne/McGraw-Hill"}
@String{pub-OSBORNE:adr         = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-PERSEUS             = "Perseus Publishers"}
@String{pub-PERSEUS:adr         = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-PH                  = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall"}
@String{pub-PH:adr              = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, USA"}

@String{pub-PHPTR               = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall PTR"}
@String{pub-PHPTR:adr           = "Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA"}

@String{pub-PRIMA               = "Prima Publishing"}
@String{pub-PRIMA:adr           = "Roseville, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-QUE                 = "Que Corporation"}
@String{pub-QUE:adr             = "Indianapolis, IN, USA"}

@String{pub-SAMS-NET            = "Sams.net Pub."}
@String{pub-SAMS-NET:adr        = "Indianapolis, IN, USA"}

@String{pub-SIAM                = "Society for Industrial and Applied
                                  Mathematics"}
@String{pub-SIAM:adr            = "Philadelphia, PA, USA"}

@String{pub-SPIE                = "SPIE Optical Engineering Press"}
@String{pub-SPIE:adr            = "Bellingham, WA, USA"}

@String{pub-SSC                 = "Specialized Systems Consultants"}
@String{pub-SSC:adr             = "P.O. Box 55549, Seattle, WA 98155"}

@String{pub-STUDENTLITTERATUR   = "Studentlitteratur"}
@String{pub-STUDENTLITTERATUR:adr = "Lund, Sweden"}

@String{pub-SV                  = "Springer-Verlag"}
@String{pub-SV:adr              = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg, Germany~/
                                  London, UK~/ etc."}

@String{pub-SYBEX               = "Sybex"}
@String{pub-SYBEX:adr           = "2021 Challenger Driver, Suite 100,
                                  Alameda, CA 94501, USA"}

@String{pub-UNICODE             = "The Unicode Consortium"}
@String{pub-UNICODE-SAN-JOSE:adr = "P.O. Box 700519, San Jose, CA 95170-0519,
                                  USA, Phone: +1-408-777-5870, Fax:
                                  +1-408-777-5082, E-mail:
                                  \path=unicode-inc@unicode.org="}

@String{pub-USENIX              = "USENIX Association"}
@String{pub-USENIX:adr          = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-VOGEL               = "Vogel-Verlag"}
@String{pub-VOGEL:adr           = "Postfach 67 40, D-8700 W{\"u}rzburg,
                                  Germany"}

@String{pub-WILEY               = "Wiley"}
@String{pub-WILEY:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-WORLD-SCI           = "World Scientific Publishing Co."}
@String{pub-WORLD-SCI:adr       = "Singapore; Philadelphia, PA, USA; River
                                  Edge, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-WROX                = "Wrox Press"}
@String{pub-WROX:adr            = "Chicago, IL, USA"}

@String{pub-YGGDRASIL           = "Yggdrasil Computing, Inc."}
@String{pub-YGGDRASIL:adr       = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Series abbreviations:
@String{ser-LNAI                = "Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence"}

@String{ser-LNCS                = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}

@String{ser-LNCSE               = "Lecture Notes in Computational
                                   Science and Engineering"}

@String{ser-SIGPLAN             = "ACM SIG{\-}PLAN Notices"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries (sorted by year, and then by citation label
%%% with `bibsort -byyear'):
@Article{Galler:1960:LEC,
  author =       "Bernard A. Galler",
  title =        "Letters to the {Editor}: Cost of software",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "A12--A12",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  remark =       "From the letter: ``\ldots{} it is clear that what is
                 being charged for is the development of the program,
                 and while I am particularly unhappy that it comes from
                 a university, I believe it is damaging to the whole
                 profession. There isn't a 704 installation that hasn't
                 directly benefited from the free exchange of programs
                 made possible by the distribution facilities of SHARE.
                 If we start to sell our programs, this will set very
                 undesirable precedents.''",
}

@Book{Fischer:1969:GS,
  author =       "Heinz Eduard Fischer",
  title =        "Gnu soup",
  publisher =    "Printed for Fred Cogswell",
  address =      "Fiddlehead Poetry Books",
  pages =        "48",
  year =         "1969",
  LCCN =         "PR6056.I77 G6",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 31 08:43:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Limited ed. of 500 copies. Poems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The `Gnu soup' book has nothing to do with the GNU
                 Project, but I found the title amusing, and it might be
                 fun to read some time!",
}

@TechReport{Matsen:1971:CST,
  author =       "F. A. Matsen and Harrison Shull and Peter Lykos and
                 Frank Harris",
  title =        "Computational Support for Theoretical Chemistry:
                 report of a conference held at the {National Institutes
                 of Health Bethesda, Maryland, May 8--9, 1970}",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "National Academy of Sciences",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 51",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 20 18:20:55 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/harris-frank-e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See also the sequel report \cite{Wiberg:1974:SNC}.",
  URL =          "https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUArAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The authors are not credited on the report, but are
                 noted in \cite[page 47]{Bolcer:2007:DCC}. The report is
                 hard to find in international library catalogs, and is
                 absent from the US Library of Congress catalog.
                 However, the complete text is readable at the Google
                 Books project URL in this entry.",
}

@Article{Wilkinson:1971:SCN,
  author =       "J. H. Wilkinson",
  title =        "Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "137--147",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/321637.321638",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 10 15:00:46 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J401",
  remark =       "This is the 1970 ACM Turing Award Lecture. Subsequent
                 lectures are published in {\em Communications of the
                 ACM}. Wilkinson comments ``It is perhaps salutary to be
                 reminded that as early as 1946 Turing had considered
                 the possibility of working with both interval and
                 significant digit arithmetic and the report recalled
                 forgotten conversations, not to mention heated
                 arguments, which we had on this topic.'' He also says
                 ``I think it is of vital importance that all the work
                 that has been expended on the development of
                 satisfactory algorithms should be made fully available
                 to the people who need to use it. I would go further
                 than this and claim that it is a social duty to see
                 that this is achieved.''",
}

@Manual{DEC:1974:TUG,
  title =        "{TECO} user's guide",
  organization = pub-DEC,
  address =      pub-DEC:adr,
  pages =        "v + 61 + 30",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Order no.: DEC-11-UTECA-A-D. Operating system and
                 version: RT-11 V03; software version: TECO V28.",
  keywords =     "Text editors (Computer programs).",
}

@TechReport{Wiberg:1974:SNC,
  author =       "Kenneth B. Wiberg and Lawrence S. Bartell and Jacob
                 Bigeleisen and Robert B. K. Dewar and Frank E. Harris
                 and F. A. Matsen and Harrison Shull and Lawrence C.
                 Snyder",
  title =        "A Study of a National Center for Computation in
                 Chemistry",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "National Academy of Sciences",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 79",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 20 18:34:19 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/harris-frank-e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "This is a sequel to an earlier report
                 \cite{Matsen:1971:CST}.",
  URL =          "https://books.google.com/books?id=qTYrAAAAYAAJ",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The authors are not credited on the report cover, but
                 are noted in the Planning Committee membership list on
                 page 76, and the report is mentioned in \cite[page
                 48]{Bolcer:2007:DCC}. The report is hard to find in
                 international library catalogs, and is absent from the
                 US Library of Congress catalog. However, the complete
                 text is readable at the Google Books project URL in
                 this entry.",
}

@Article{Cody:1975:FPS,
  author =       "W. J. Cody",
  title =        "The {FUNPACK} Package of Special Function
                 Subroutines",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/355626.355631",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 26 23:44:16 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?idx=J782",
}

@Manual{DEC:1975:DSI,
  title =        "{DEC} system 10: introduction to {TECO} ({Text Editor
                 and Corrector})",
  organization = pub-DEC,
  address =      pub-DEC:adr,
  pages =        "34",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Electronic digital computers --- Handbooks, manuals,
                 etc.",
}

@Manual{DEC:1975:TEC,
  title =        "{Text Editor and Corrector} program: programmer's
                 reference manual",
  organization = pub-DEC,
  address =      pub-DEC:adr,
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "This manual reflects the software version as of
                 version 23B of TECO. DEC-10-UTPRA-A-D.",
  keywords =     "DECsystem-10 (Computer); TECO (Computer program); Text
                 editors (Computer programs)",
}

@Book{Kernighan:1976:ST,
  author =       "Brian W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger",
  title =        "Software Tools",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "338",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "0-201-03669-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-03669-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .K42 1976",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 25 16:01:54 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
}

@Book{Smith:1976:MER,
  author =       "B. T. Smith and J. M. Boyle and J. J. Dongarra and B.
                 S. Garbow and Y. Ikebe and V. C. Klema and C. B.
                 Moler",
  title =        "Matrix Eigensystem Routines\emdash {EISPACK} Guide",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 387",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "0-387-06710-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-06710-0",
  LCCN =         "QA193 .M37, QA267.A1 L43 no.6",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 13 15:15:20 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Editors: G. Goos
                 and J. Hartmanis",
}

@Book{Garbow:1977:MER,
  author =       "B. S. Garbow and J. M. Boyle and J. J. Dongarra and C.
                 B. Moler",
  title =        "Matrix Eigensystem Routines\emdash {EISPACK} Guide
                 Extension",
  volume =       "51",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 343",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-387-08254-9, 3-540-08254-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-08254-7, 978-3-540-08254-5",
  LCCN =         "QA193 .M381, QA267.A1,L43 no. 51",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 13 15:14:28 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Editors: G. Goos
                 and J. Hartmanis",
}

@Manual{Harvard:1977:HTM,
  title =        "{HRSTS Teco} manual",
  organization = "{Harvard University} and {Harvard-Radcliffe Student
                 Timesharing System}",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "61",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 29 08:26:00 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Time-sharing computer systems.",
}

@Manual{UTACC:1977:TPR,
  title =        "{TECO} pocket reference list: {DECsystem-10}",
  organization = "{University of Texas at Austin. Computation Center}",
  address =      "Austin, TX, USA",
  pages =        "8",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  series =       "Pocket reference list; CCRL-7 University of Texas at
                 Austin. Computation Center",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Tx Doc no.: Z, UA268.7, C739rl no. 7 Cover title.",
  keywords =     "DEC-10 (Computer)",
}

@TechReport{Ciccarelli:1978:IEE,
  author =       "Eugene Charles Ciccarelli",
  title =        "An introduction to the {EMACS} editor",
  type =         "AI memo",
  number =       "447",
  institution =  inst-MIT-AI,
  address =      inst-MIT-AI:adr,
  pages =        "23",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{IEN034,
  author =       "C. J. Bennett",
  title =        "The {GNOME} Controller",
  day =          "25",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 23 16:55:43 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/ien/ien34.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{RFC0746,
  author =       "R. Stallman",
  title =        "{RFC 746}: {SUPDUP} graphics extension",
  day =          "17",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 16 09:34:09 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Status: UNKNOWN. Not online.",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc746.txt;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/rfc/rfc746.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  online =       "no",
  status =       "UNKNOWN",
}

@Article{Sandewall:1978:PIE,
  author =       "Erik Sandewall",
  title =        "Programming in an Interactive Environment: the ``{{\sc
                 Lisp}}'' Experience",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--71",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356715.356719",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4892",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:22:22 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Stallman:1978:SFS,Sandewall:1978:SFS}.",
  abstract =     "LISP systems have been used for highly interactive
                 programming for more than a decade. During that time,
                 special properties of the LISP language (such as
                 program\slash data equivalence) have enabled a certain
                 style of interactive programming to develop,
                 characterized by powerful interactive support for the
                 programmer, nonstandard program structures, and
                 nonstandard program development methods. A summary is
                 given of the LISP style of interactive programming for
                 readers outside the LISP community, describes those
                 properties of LISP systems that were essential for the
                 development of this style, and discusses some current
                 and not yet resolved issues.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
  keywords =     "computer programming",
}

@Article{Sandewall:1978:SFS,
  author =       "Erik Sandewall",
  title =        "Surveyor's Forum: {Structured} Editing with a {{\sc
                 Lisp}}",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "507--508",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356744.356755",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4892",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:23:43 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Sandewall:1978:PIE,Stallman:1978:SFS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Stallman:1978:SFS,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "Surveyor's Forum: {Structured} Editing with a {Lisp}",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "505--507",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356744.356754",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4892",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:23:43 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Sandewall:1978:PIE,Sandewall:1978:SFS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Book{Dongarra:1979:LUG,
  author =       "J. J. Dongarra and C. B. Moler and J. R. Bunch and G.
                 W. Stewart",
  title =        "{LINPACK} Users' Guide",
  publisher =    pub-SIAM,
  address =      pub-SIAM:adr,
  pages =        "320",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "0-89871-172-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89871-172-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73 .L22 L5 1979, QA214 .L56 1979",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 13 15:18:20 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1979:EEC,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS}: The Extensible, Customizable,
                 Self-Documenting Display Editor",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "AI Memo 519, 519A",
  institution =  inst-MIT-AI,
  address =      inst-MIT-AI:adr,
  pages =        "29",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  bibsource =    "Ai/lisp.bib; Ai/mit.ai.memos.bib; Ai/mit.aitr.aim.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "EMACS is a display editor which is implemented in an
                 interpreted high level language. This allows users to
                 extend the editor by replacing parts of it, to
                 experiment with alternative command languages, and to
                 share extensions which are generally useful. The ease
                 of extension has contributed to the growth of a large
                 set of useful features. This paper describes the
                 organization of the EMACS system, emphasizing the way
                 in which extensibility is achieved and used.",
  adnum =        "AD-A078064",
  keywords =     "display, editor, extensible, interactive,
                 self-documenting, LISP",
  reference =    "Revised March 1981.",
}

@Manual{DEC:1980:PTU,
  title =        "{PDP-11 TECO} user's guide",
  organization = pub-DEC,
  address =      pub-DEC:adr,
  pages =        "iii + 150",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Order no. DEC-11-UTECA-B-D. This document describes
                 the operating procedures for the TECO (Text Editor and
                 Corrector) program. TECO is distributed with DIGITAL
                 Operating systems, but it is unsupported by DIGITAL;
                 TECO is Category C software. Supersedes
                 DEC-11-RTECA-A-D. Software version: TECO-11 v36;
                 TECO-10 v3; TECO-8 v7.",
  keywords =     "PDP-11 (Computer) --- Programming.; TECO (Computer
                 program)",
}

@Manual{DEC:1980:VVP,
  title =        "[{VAX\slash VMS} Programmming card and {PDP-11} {TECO}
                 user's guide]",
  organization = pub-DEC,
  address =      pub-DEC:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Order no. QLYY2-GZ4.4 and
                 DEC-11-UTECA-B-D,AV-D827C-TE. This document describes
                 the operating procedures for the TECO (Text Editor and
                 Corrector) program. TECO is distributed with DIGITAL
                 Operating systems, but it is unsupported by DIGITAL;
                 TECO is Category C software. Supersedes
                 DEC-11-RTECA-A-D. Software version: TECO-11 v36;
                 TECO-10 v3; TECO-8 v7. [1] PDP-11 TECO user's guide.
                 [2] VAX-11 programming card.",
  keywords =     "PDP-11 (Computer) --- Programming.; TECO (Computer
                 program); VAX-11 (Computer) --- Programming.",
}

@MastersThesis{Finseth:1980:TPTa,
  author =       "Craig A. Finseth",
  title =        "Theory and practice of text editors, or, a cookbook
                 for an {Emacs}",
  type =         "Thesis (B.S.)",
  school =       "M.I.T., Department of Electrical Engineering and
                 Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "103",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by David P. Reed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Programming (Electronic computers) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.",
}

@TechReport{Finseth:1980:TPTb,
  author =       "Craig A. Finseth",
  title =        "Theory and practice of text editors or a cookbook for
                 an Emacs",
  type =         "Technical memoranda",
  number =       "165",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for
                 Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "106",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Originally presented as the author's thesis, (B.S.) in
                 the M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science, 1980.",
  keywords =     "Programming (Electronic computers) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.",
}

@InProceedings{Greenberg:1980:PCM,
  author =       "B. S. Greenberg",
  booktitle =    "Conference Record of the 1980 LISP Conference,
                 Stanford University",
  title =        "Prose and {CONS} --- {Multics Emacs}: a Commercial
                 Text-Processing System in {LISP}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  year =         "1980",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/Functional.bib",
  keywords =     "functional Text Processing",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1980:EMI,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS} Manual for {ITS} Users",
  number =       "AI Memo 554",
  institution =  inst-MIT,
  address =      inst-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "218",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  bibsource =    "Ai/mit.aitr.aim.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  adnum =        "AD-A093186",
  reference =    "Revised April 1981.",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1980:EMT,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS} manual for {TWENEX} users: a reference manual
                 for the extensible, customizable, self-documenting
                 real-time display editor",
  type =         "AI memo",
  number =       "555",
  institution =  inst-MIT-AI,
  address =      inst-MIT-AI:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 203",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Support for the laboratory's research is provided in
                 part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the
                 Dept. of Defense under Office of Naval Research
                 contract",
}

@TechReport{Abelson:1981:CNC,
  author =       "H. Abelson and R. M. Fano and G. J. Sussman",
  title =        "Course Notes {CS} 6.001: Structure and Interpretation
                 of Computer Programs, (Chapter 1+2, Guide to {DEC}-20,
                 {EMACS}-Intr., Intr. to {SCHEME}, {SCHEME}-Manual,
                 Chapter 3--7, Problemsets 1--9, Quiz 1+2, Final
                 Exam.)",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  inst-MIT-EECS,
  address =      inst-MIT-EECS:adr,
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "Ai/lisp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  keywords =     "LISP",
}

@TechReport{Gosling:1981:UE,
  author =       "James Gosling",
  title =        "{UNIX EMACS}",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  inst-MIT-AI,
  address =      inst-MIT-AI:adr,
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "Ai/lisp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  keywords =     "LISP; UNIX (Computer operating system) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.",
}

@Book{Kernighan:1981:STP,
  author =       "Brian W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger",
  title =        "Software Tools in {Pascal}",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 366",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-201-10342-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-10342-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .K493",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 25 16:01:52 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  price =        "US\$13.95",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1981:EECa,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS}: the extensible, customizable self-documenting
                 display editor",
  type =         "AI memo",
  number =       "519a",
  institution =  inst-MIT-AI,
  address =      inst-MIT-AI:adr,
  pages =        "28",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Advanced Research Projects Agency, Dept. of Defense,
                 ONR.",
}

@InProceedings{Stallman:1981:EECb,
  author =       "R. M. Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS}: the extensible customizable self-documenting
                 display editor",
  crossref =     "Abrahams:1981:TMA",
  pages =        "147--156",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 13 17:16:20 MDT 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages",
  subject =      "B.4.2 Hardware, INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS,
                 Input/Output Devices, Image display \\ D.4.9 Software,
                 OPERATING SYSTEMS, Systems Programs and Utilities,
                 Command and control languages \\ D.2.7 Software,
                 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Distribution and Maintenance,
                 Extensibility",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1981:EMTa,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS} manual for {TWENEX} users: a reference manual
                 for the extensible, customizable, self-documenting
                 real-time display editor",
  type =         "AI memo",
  number =       "555",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial
                 Intelligence Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "iv + 236",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "This manual corresponds to EMACS version 162.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Advanced Research Projects Agency, Dept. of Defense,
                 ONR.",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1981:EMTb,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS} manual for {TOPS}-20 users: a reference manual
                 for the extensible, customizable, self-documenting
                 real-time display editor",
  type =         "AI memo 556",
  number =       "",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial
                 Intelligence Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program); Text editors (Computer
                 programs); TOPS-20 (Computer system)",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1981:EMU,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS} manual for {ITS} users: a reference manual for
                 the extensible, customizable, self-documenting
                 real-time display editor",
  type =         "AI memo 554",
  number =       "554",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial
                 Intelligence Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "iv + 224",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "This manual corresponds to EMACS version 162.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Abelson:1982:CNC,
  author =       "H. Abelson and R. M. Fano and G. J. Sussman",
  title =        "Course Notes {CS} 6.001: Structure and Interpretation
                 of Computer Programs, (Chapters 1-8, Guide to {DEC}-20,
                 Intro. to {EMACS}, Intro. to {SCHEME})",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  inst-MIT-EECS,
  address =      inst-MIT-EECS:adr,
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "Ai/lisp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  keywords =     "LISP",
}

@Manual{Buck:1982:EP,
  author =       "Barbara Buck",
  title =        "{EMACS} primer",
  organization = "Prime Computer, Inc.",
  address =      "Framingham, MA, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "IDR6107. Revision 18.3. This guide documents the
                 software operation of the Prime Computer and its
                 supporting systems and utilities at master disk
                 revision level 18 (rev.18).",
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program); Prime computers ---
                 Programming.",
}

@Manual{Buck:1982:ERG,
  author =       "Barbara Buck",
  title =        "{EMACS} reference guide",
  organization = "Prime Computer, Inc.",
  address =      "Framingham, MA, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "IDR5026. Revision 18.3. This guide documents the
                 software operation of the Prime Computer and its
                 supporting systems and utilities as implemented at
                 master disk revision level 18 (rev. 18)",
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program); Prime computers ---
                 Programming.",
}

@Article{Cohen:1982:TSC,
  author =       "E. Cohen",
  title =        "Text-Oriented Structure Commands for Structure
                 Editors",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "45--49",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 10 10:19:23 1984",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/os.bib; Os/os.bib",
  abstract =     "The main problems associated with program structure
                 editors are not inherent and can be solved without
                 reverting to a textual view point. Cursor movements can
                 be made more natural by viewing the screen as a 2-D
                 arrangement of nodes. Expressions can be input to
                 commands more complex than simple template expansion.
                 Transformations of program fragments can be
                 accomplished by an editor which supports matching and
                 instantiation of subtrees.",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "editor, structure editor, emacs, Myte",
}

@Manual{DEC:1982:DMS,
  title =        "Data management systems: {SIG} handout: 1982 Spring
                 {DECUS} Symposium: May 10--14, 1982, Atlanta, Georgia:
                 {TECO} sessions",
  organization = pub-DEC,
  address =      pub-DEC:adr,
  pages =        "55",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Cover title.",
  keywords =     "Electronic data processing --- Management ---
                 Congresses.",
}

@Article{Graham:1982:GCG,
  author =       "Susan L. Graham and Peter B. Kessler and Marshall K.
                 Mckusick",
  title =        "{Gprof}: a call graph execution profiler",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "120--126",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:38 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  conflocation = "Boston, MA, USA; 23-25 June 1982",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the SIGPLAN '82 Symposium on Compiler
                 Construction",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. Div., Electrical Engng. and Computer
                 Sci. Dept., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "abstractions; call graph execution; call graph
                 execution profiler; called routines; compilers; complex
                 programs; gprof; program compilers; program
                 processors",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Phillips:1982:UML,
  author =       "Richard E. Phillips and Phoebe L. Hauff",
  title =        "{USGS} Mineralogy Laboratory user's guide to the
                 {TECO} editing program for the {DEC RT-11} operating
                 system: (Part {C} of the {USGS} Mineralogy Laboratory
                 user's guide to the {DEC RT-11} operating system)",
  type =         "Open-file report",
  number =       "82-177",
  institution =  "U.S. Geological Survey",
  address =      "Denver, CO, USA",
  pages =        "ii + 39",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:15:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "TECO (Computer program)",
}

@Manual{Gosling:1983:ESE,
  author =       "James Gosling",
  title =        "{EMACS} screen editor: version 264",
  organization = "UniPress Software, Inc.",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Seven computer disks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{CCA:1984:CEMa,
  title =        "{CCA EMACS} manual for {UNIX} users",
  organization = "Computer Corporation of America",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Version 162.43z",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "UNIX (Computer operating system) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.",
}

@Manual{CCA:1984:CEMb,
  title =        "{CCA EMACS}: manual for {UNIX} users",
  organization = "CCA Uniworks",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Version 162.45z",
  pages =        "various",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Text editors (Computer programs); UNIX (Computer
                 operating system) --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.",
}

@Article{Garlan:1984:GIP,
  author =       "David B. Garlan and Philip L. Miller",
  title =        "{GNOME}: an introductory programming environment based
                 on a family of structure editors",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "65--72",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:44 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  conflocation = "Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 23-25 April 1984",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN Software
                 Engineering Symposium on Practical Software Development
                 Environments",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Carnegie-Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "Carnegie-Mellon University; Gandalf Project; GNOME
                 environment; programming; programming environments;
                 software development environment; software engineering;
                 structure editors; teaching",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Manual{Gosling:1984:EUM,
  author =       "James Gosling",
  title =        "{Emacs} user's manual",
  organization = "Pyramid Technology Corporation",
  address =      "Mountain View, CA, USA",
  edition =      "Revision A",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "4100-0012",
}

@Book{Kernighan:1984:UPE,
  author =       "Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike",
  title =        "The {UNIX} Programming Environment",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "x + 357",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-13-937699-2 (hardcover), 0-13-937681-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-937699-3 (hardcover), 978-0-13-937681-8
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 K48 1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:36:12 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
}

@TechReport{Mitchell:1984:ISU,
  author =       "William H. Mitchell",
  title =        "An {Icon} subsystem for {UNIX} Emacs",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "TR 84-8",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computer Science, The University of Arizona",
  address =      "Tucson, AZ, USA",
  pages =        "17",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 12 12:27:38 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Icon (Computer program language); Text editors
                 (Computer programs)",
}

@Article{Neumann:1984:RHD,
  author =       "Peter G. Neumann",
  title =        "Review of {{\booktitle{The hacker's dictionary: a
                 guide to the world of computer wizards}} by Guy L.
                 Steele, Donald R. Woods, Raphael A. Finkel, Mark R.
                 Crispin, Richard M. Stallman, and Geoffrey S.
                 Goodfellow. Harper and Row Publishers 1983}",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12--15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1005968.1005970",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:11:50 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Manual{PyramidTechnology:1984:ERD,
  title =        "{Emacs} release description",
  organization = "Pyramid Technology Corporation",
  address =      "Mountain View, CA, USA",
  edition =      "Revision A",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "4100-0013. Release 2.1.",
}

@Manual{SSC:1984:SRC,
  author =       "{SSC staff}",
  title =        "{SCC} Reference Cards",
  organization = pub-SSC,
  address =      pub-SSC:adr,
  year =         "1984--1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 29 13:43:45 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/unix.2.bib; Os/unix.2.bib",
  note =         "These are some good, inexpensive reference\slash
                 tutorial cards on UNIX commands, Bourne shell, Korn
                 shell, {\tt emacs}, {\tt vi}, C, C++, etc \ldots{}.
                 e.g. the new ``UNIX System Command Summary for
                 SVR4.2\slash Solaris 2.1'' (ISBN: 0-916151-61-1)
                 \ldots{}. Contact Belinda Frazier (\path|bel@ssc.com|)
                 or \path|sales@ssc.com| for more info.",
  acknowledgement = ack-sk,
}

@InCollection{Stallman:1984:EEC,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "{EMACS}: The Extensible, Customizable,
                 Self-Documenting Display Editor",
  crossref =     "Barstow:1984:IPE",
  pages =        "300--325",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 19:05:37 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{DataGeneral:1985:DGE,
  title =        "{Data General EMACS} text editor user's manual",
  organization = "{Data General Corporation}",
  address =      "Westboro, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Revision 00, {February} 1985",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "093-701011-00",
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program) --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.;
                 Text editors (Computer programs) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.",
}

@Book{Fischer:1985:MWG,
  author =       "Gerhard Fischer and Rul Gunzenh{\"a}user",
  title =        "{Methoden und Werkzeuge zur Gestaltung
                 benutzergerechter Computersysteme}",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "deGruyter",
  address =      "Berlin, Germany; New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 282",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "3-11-010070-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-11-010070-9",
  bibsource =    "Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Also published in/as: summary rcvd Sep.1984.",
  series =       "Mensch Computer Kommunikation",
  annote =       "Evaluation, analysis, design and implementation,
                 investigations on Integrated Information Manipulation
                 Systems (IMS) to support human-computer communication.
                 Runs under UNIX, using Franz-LISP on a VAX 780 using
                 BISY window front-end for EMACS, INGRES, SCRIBE, DYPAR
                 n.l.parser, OPS5, Mycin(!), Pixel based font editor,
                 C.",
  xxtitle =      "Project {INFORM}",
}

@TechReport{McArthur:1985:RRE,
  author =       "David McArthur",
  title =        "Running {ROSS} in an {Emacs} environment",
  type =         "The Rand paper series",
  number =       "P-7088",
  institution =  "Rand Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  pages =        "10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Data base management --- Computer programs.",
}

@Article{Stallman:1985:GM,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "The {GNU} Manifesto",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Misc{UniPress:1985:ESE,
  author =       "{UniPress Software, Inc}",
  title =        "{Emacs} screen editor for {IBM-PC\slash MS-DOS}",
  publisher =    "UniPress Software",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  edition =      "Version 1.0",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "1 program file (IBM--PC) on 2 computer disks manual.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "UniPress Emacs screen editor MS-DOS Emacs reference
                 manual, version 1.0 --- UniPress Emacs screen editor
                 manual, version 2.0. System requirements: 384K of
                 memory; PC-DOS version 2.00 or later.",
}

@Periodical{UniPress:1985:UEN,
  author =       "{UniPress Software, Inc}",
  title =        "{UniPress} Emacs newsletter",
  publisher =    "UniPress Software",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  alttitle =     "Emacs newsletter",
  annote =       "Caption title.",
  keywords =     "UNIX (Computer operating system) --- Periodicals.",
}

@Manual{UniPress:1985:UESa,
  title =        "{UniPress EMACS} screen editor: user's guide",
  organization = "UniPress Software, Inc.",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  edition =      "Version 2.0",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{UniPress:1985:UESb,
  title =        "{UniPress EMACS} screen editor: {MLISP} user's guide",
  organization = "UniPress Software, Inc.",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  edition =      "Version 2.0",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{UniPress:1985:UESc,
  title =        "{UniPress EMACS} screen editor: {UNIX EMACS} reference
                 manual",
  organization = "UniPress Software, Inc.",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  edition =      "Version 2.0",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{UniPress:1985:UESd,
  title =        "{UniPress EMACS} screen editor: {VMS EMACS} reference
                 manual",
  organization = "UniPress Software, Inc.",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  edition =      "Version 2.0",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Waters:1985:KST,
  author =       "Richard C. Waters",
  title =        "{KBEmacs}: a step toward the programmer's apprentice",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "AI-TR-753",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial
                 Intelligence Laboratory.",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "236",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Emacs (Computer program language); KBEmacs (Computer
                 program language)",
}

@Article{Waters:1985:PAS,
  author =       "R. C. Waters",
  title =        "The Programmer's Apprentice: a Session with
                 {KBEmacs}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "SE-11",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1296--1320",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.1985.231880",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-5589",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 1 08:07:37 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranssoftweng1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1701948",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=32",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1986:FIP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Free {IBM-PC} Encryption Software",
  journal =      j-CRYPTOLOGIA,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "224--224",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "CRYPE6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118691861038",
  ISSN =         "0161-1194 (print), 1558-1586 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0161-1194",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 30 15:38:47 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.dean.usma.edu/math/pubs/cryptologia/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a741902944~db=all~order=page",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Cryptologia",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ucry20",
  romanvolume =  "X",
}

@TechReport{Beebe:1986:TIP,
  author =       "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
  title =        "{TECO on the IBM PC}",
  institution =  inst-CLSC,
  address =      inst-CLSC:adr,
  pages =        "62",
  day =          "22",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/beebe-nelson-h-f.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
}

@TechReport{Chen:1986:GEB,
  author =       "Pehong Chen",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs \BibTeX} mode: version 1.5",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "UCB/CSD 87/317",
  institution =  "University of California. Computer Science Division",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "ii + 34",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation.
                 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD).
                 Monitored by the Naval Electronic Systems Command.",
  keywords =     "Data base management.; Text editors (Computer
                 programs).",
}

@Manual{Kingsbury:1986:EEW,
  author =       "Barry M. Kingsbury and John Xenakis",
  title =        "{EMACS} extension writing guide",
  organization = "Prime Computer",
  address =      "Natick, MA, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "DOC 5025-2LA Master Disk Revision Level 19.4 (Rev.
                 19.4) Loose-leaf for updating.",
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program); Prime computers ---
                 Programming.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1986:GEMa,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  number =       "",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "4th, {Emacs} version 17",
  pages =        "viii + 255",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1986:GEMb,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "5th, {Emacs} version 18 for {UNIX} users",
  pages =        "x + 284",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program)",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1986:GEMc,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "6th, {Emacs} version 18 for {UNIX} users",
  pages =        "x + 284",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs.",
}

@Manual{UniPress:1986:UEU,
  title =        "{UniPress Emacs} user's guide",
  organization = "UniPress Software, Inc.",
  address =      "Edison, NJ, USA",
  edition =      "Version 2.10 and later",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program); Text editors (Computer
                 programs); UNIX (Computer file)",
}

@TechReport{Ballance:1987:PII,
  author =       "R. A. Ballance and M. L. {Van De Vanter}",
  key =          "Ballance \& Van De Vanter",
  title =        "Pan {I}: an Introduction for Users",
  number =       "UCB/CSC 88/410",
  institution =  "EECS-University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "60",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 27 12:00:58 1989",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/programming.env.bib",
  abstract =     "Pan is a prototype and testbed for language-based
                 editors and viewers. Its design addresses the needs of
                 experienced users who manage complex objects such as
                 large software systems. All of Pan's components are
                 multi-lingual, incremental, description-driven,
                 customizable, and extensible. Viewing is facilitated by
                 semantics-based browsing and an object model which
                 integrated text and structure. Pan is intended to share
                 information with other tools, allowing integration into
                 a larger language, program and document development
                 environment. This documents, a users manual, describes
                 the basic operational facilities of Pan I, the current
                 implementation. It explains the concepts behind Pan's
                 editing environment, introduces editing commands, and
                 discusses techniques for customization. Appendices list
                 command bindings-to both keystrokes and menus, buffer
                 options, buffer flags, and a compatibility guide for
                 GNU Emacs users.",
  owner =        "payne",
}

@TechReport{Chen:1987:GEB,
  author =       "Pehong Chen",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} {\BibTeX}-Mode",
  number =       "UCB/CSD 87/317",
  institution =  "University of California, Berkeley",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "ii + 57",
  year =         "1987",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .C546 1987",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 29 08:26:24 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Techreports/university-of-california-berkeley.bib",
  price =        "US\$3.50",
  keywords =     "text editors (computer programs)",
}

@TechReport{Chen:1987:GET,
  author =       "Pehong Chen",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs \TeX} mode: version 1.5",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "UCB/CSD 87/316",
  institution =  "University of California, Computer Science
                 Department",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  pages =        "ii + 57",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Text editors (Computer programs)",
}

@TechReport{Conklin:1987:SH,
  author =       "Jeff Conklin",
  title =        "A Survey of Hypertext",
  volume =       "2",
  type =         "MCC Technical Report STP-356-86, Rev.",
  number =       "2",
  institution =  "Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation",
  address =      "Austin, Texas",
  pages =        "69",
  day =          "3",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "Ai/hypertext.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "MCC Software Technology Program unrestricted
                 non-proprietary report.",
  abstract =     "Hypertext is a computer-supported medium for
                 information in which many interlinked documents are
                 displayed with their links on a high-resolution
                 computer screen. The links may be directly activated by
                 a pointing device such as a mouse, which causes the
                 document referenced by the link to appear instantly in
                 a new window on the screen. While the concepts of
                 hypertext are not new, the technology to make it
                 effective is new. This paper reviews most of the
                 existing hypertext systems, and then explores in some
                 detail the fundamental features of hypertext and some
                 of the design options in constructing hypertext
                 systems. The advantages and disadvantages of hypertext
                 are discussed in terms of four major application
                 categories: macro literary systems, problem exploration
                 systems, structured browsing systems, and systems
                 developed to explore hypertext technology.",
  abstract-2 =   "This is the full report, with full text and extensive
                 bibliography, of the version which appeared in IEEE
                 Computer. It is provided in response to bingo-card
                 requests from IEEE Computer and to direct requests for
                 the ``more detailed version.'' You can request your own
                 copy by writing to Gloria Gutierrez, Software
                 Technology Program, MCC, 3500 West Balcones Center
                 Drive, Austin TX 78759-6509; (512) 343-0978. [This is
                 an extraordinary piece of work and I recommend it
                 highly: dh] CONTENT 1. Introduction 1.1 What is
                 hypertext? Fixes on the notion of machine-supported
                 links as the primary feature Views hypermedia as
                 generalization of what is linkable: text, + graphics,
                 digitized speech, and many other sensible expressions
                 (taste, odors, + etc.) Will focus on text-based
                 hypertext as the one we know most about 1.2 A Glimps of
                 using hypertext network or graph of material in nodes,
                 forming hypergraph or hyperdocu correspondence between
                 windows on screen and nodes is typical link icons
                 appear within a window and provide paths to related +
                 material user may create new links to new nodes or to
                 existing nodes database may be browsed by taking links
                 through displayed windows, by + search request, and by
                 navigating a diagram of the connections importance of
                 browsers to help user stay oriented 2. Hypertext
                 Implementations 2.1 Macro literary systems large
                 on-line libraries in which inter-document links are
                 machine + supported all publishing, reading,
                 collaboration, and criticism occur within + the system
                 Bush's Memex, Engelbart's NLS, Nelson's Xanadu, and
                 Trigg's Textnet + fit this vision 2.2 Problem
                 exploration systems support early unstructured thinking
                 on a problem, with many + disconnected ideas captured
                 in manipulable way authoring and outlining procedures
                 Goldstein and Bobrow's PIE (for representing
                 software-system design + perspective) Rittel's IBIS for
                 managing arguments in ``wicked'' system analysis +
                 problems Lowe's SYNVIEW for also tracking debate on
                 validity and relevance of + argument postings
                 University of North Carolina's WE writing environment
                 and outline + processors 2.3 Structured browsing
                 systems smaller scale than macro-literary, focused on
                 ease-of-use for + teaching, reference, and public
                 information large amount of existing information or
                 need to make existing + information very easy to access
                 Carnegie-Mellon University ZOG and Knowledge Systems'
                 KMS (successor) Emacs INFO Subsystem, ZOG-like internal
                 ``help'' reference system Ben Shneiderman's University
                 of Maryland Hyperties system Symbolics Document
                 Examiner for on-line access to complete manual set + of
                 Symbolics Lisp machines 2.4 General hypertext
                 technology general-purpose setups for experimentation
                 with wide range of + applications Xerox PARC NoteCards
                 Brown University Intermedia project (extensive
                 experience and effort) Tektronix Neptune designed as
                 open, layered architecture (Hypertext + Abstract
                 Machine [HAM], C and Smalltalk!) 2.5 Summary ---
                 breakout of features support for hierarchic structures
                 support for non-hierarchical (graph-based)
                 cross-reference links multiple types of links
                 association of attribute/value pairs with links and
                 nodes patching of links together into single permanent
                 object multiple versions of nodes or links or both
                 procedural attachment of arbitrary procedures to events
                 at nodes and + links string and keyword searches of
                 hyperdocuments editor capability for contents of nodes
                 concurrent support to multiple users of hyperdocument
                 at same time pictorial and graphic support along with
                 text commercially available and supported 3. The
                 Essence of Hypertext 3.1 The power of linking 3.1.1
                 link follow \ldots{}",
  keywords =     "Hypertext MCC IEEE Computer HyperCard Memex Xanadu
                 Textnet PIE IBIS gIBIS SYNVIEW ZOG KMS Emacs INFO
                 Hyperties NoteCards Intermedia Neptune Boxer CREF
                 FileVision Guide PlaneText",
}

@Article{Flynn:1987:GR,
  author =       "Anita M. Flynn",
  key =          "Flynn",
  title =        "Gnat Robots",
  journal =      j-AI-EXPERT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "34--42",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1987",
  ISSN =         "0888-3785",
  ISSN-L =       "0888-3785",
  bibsource =    "Ai/cmubib.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  fjournal =     "AI Expert",
  location =     "CMU E&S Library",
}

@TechReport{Flynn:1987:GRH,
  author =       "Anita M. Flynn",
  title =        "Gnat Robots (And How They Will Change Robotics)",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "Working Paper 295",
  institution =  inst-MIT,
  address =      inst-MIT:adr,
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "Ai/mit.ai.reports.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
}

@Periodical{FSF:1987:GBN,
  author =       "{Free Software Foundation}",
  title =        "{GNU}'s bulletin: newsletter of the {Free Software
                 Foundation}",
  publisher =    "The Foundation",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1987",
  ISSN =         "1075-7813",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-7813",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  alttitle =     "GNU's bulletin",
  annote =       "Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 16 (Jan. 1994);
                 title from cover.",
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs --- Periodicals.; Text editors (Computer
                 programs) --- Periodicals.",
}

@Misc{FSF:1987:GM,
  key =          "GAWK",
  title =        "The {GAWK} Manual",
  howpublished = pub-FSF # " " # pub-FSF:adr,
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Also available via ANONYMOUS FTP to
                 \path|prep.ai.mit.edu|. See also \cite{Aho:1988:APL}.",
}

@InProceedings{Hinckley:1987:OOE,
  author =       "K. Hinckley",
  title =        "An object oriented extension language for integrating
                 disparate applications",
  crossref =     "Bullinger:1987:HII",
  pages =        "529--533",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "QUICHE (quick user interface and command handling
                 extension) is an extension language based on the Icon
                 programming language. Like Lisp-style EMACS extension
                 languages, it can be used to define key bindings.
                 Unlike those extensions, QUICHE is not bound to any
                 particular application, can easily make system calls
                 and invoke programs and can call entry points in the
                 program it is extending, either directly or through a
                 trait binding mechanism. It is this latter ability that
                 makes QUICHE an ideal means of unifying application
                 interfaces. Traits are defined for applications such as
                 window managers, debuggers and editors. Each trait
                 encapsulates a set of basic operations that will be
                 available in any instance of an object. The existence
                 of a standard set of traits allows the interface
                 designer to tailor interfaces that provide consistency
                 across multiple applications, and to easily modify or
                 add features to a set of applications. In addition,
                 QUICHE can also extend applications which do not
                 themselves support any traits. A manager can be written
                 in QUICHE that, instead of calling the application,
                 inserts the commands corresponding to a call as though
                 the user had entered them.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "User Environment Apollo Computer, Inc., Chelmsford,
                 MA, USA",
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D
                 (High level languages); C6150J (Operating systems);
                 C6180 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Application interfaces; Command handling extension;
                 Consistency; Debuggers; Disparate applications;
                 Editors; Entry points; Icon programming language;
                 Interface designer; Key bindings; Multiple
                 applications; Object oriented extension language;
                 QUICHE; Quick user interface; System calls; Trait
                 binding mechanism; Window managers",
  thesaurus =    "High level languages; Multiprogramming;
                 Object-oriented programming; User interfaces",
}

@InProceedings{Palmer:1987:DEOa,
  author =       "J. E. Palmer and T. M. Duffy and K. Gomoll and T.
                 Gomoll and J. Palmquist-Richards and J. A. Trumble",
  title =        "The design and evaluation of online help for {UNIX}
                 {EMACS}: access mechanisms",
  crossref =     "Bullinger:1987:HII",
  pages =        "461--466",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Discusses the use of the card sort technique and
                 cluster analysis for determining an effective
                 organization for a help menu in UNIX EMACS. Similarity
                 data using a card sorting task with EMACS commands was
                 gathered. Hierarchical cluster analysis was then used
                 to analyze the data. The results indicate that
                 differences among novices, intermediates, and experts
                 appear with computer-based concepts such as windows and
                 buffers, but that the sorts are more similar than they
                 are different. It is argued that cluster analysis may
                 aid designers in determining a functional organization,
                 but that in this domain, this organization will not
                 help users bridge the mapping from real world tasks to
                 computer tasks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Commun. Design Center, Carnegie Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6180
                 (User interfaces); C7106 (Word processing)",
  keywords =     "Card sort technique; Cluster analysis; Menu; Online
                 help; UNIX EMACS; User interface design",
  thesaurus =    "Pattern recognition; Software engineering; Software
                 packages; UNIX; User interfaces; Word processing",
}

@TechReport{Palmer:1987:DEOb,
  author =       "James E. Palmer",
  title =        "The design and evaluation of online help for {UNIX}
                 {Emacs}: Capturing the user in menu design",
  type =         "CDC technical report series",
  number =       "39",
  institution =  "Communications Design Center, Carnegie Mellon
                 University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  pages =        "17",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computers --- Computer engineering.; Electronic data
                 processing documentation.; Technical writing.; UNIX
                 (Computer operation system).",
}

@TechReport{Rich:1987:FRS,
  author =       "Charles Rich and Richard C. Waters",
  title =        "Formalizing Reusable Software Components in the
                 Programmer's Apprentice",
  number =       "AI Memo 954",
  institution =  inst-MIT,
  address =      inst-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "28",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "Ai/mit.aitr.aim.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "There has been a long-standing desire in computer
                 science for a way of collecting and using libraries of
                 standard software components. The limited success in
                 actually doing this stems not from any resistance to
                 the idea, nor from any lack of trying, but rather from
                 the difficulty of choosing an appropriate formalism for
                 representing components. For a formalism to be
                 maximally useful, it must satisfy five key desiderata:
                 expressiveness, convenient combinability, semantic
                 soundness, machine manipulability, and programming
                 language independence. The Plan Calculus formalism
                 developed as part of the Programmer's Apprentice
                 project satisfies each of these desiderata quite well.
                 It does this by combining the ideas from flowchart
                 schemas, data abstraction, logical formalisms, and
                 program transformations. The efficacy of the Plan
                 Calculus has been demonstrated in part by a prototype
                 program editor called the Knowledge-based Editor in
                 Emacs. This editor makes it possible for a programmer
                 to construct a program rapidly and reliably by
                 combining components represented as plans.",
  archived =     "f1993",
  contract =     "NSF MCS-7912179, N00014-85-K-0124, IBM, Sperry",
  keywords =     "reuse, Programmer's Apprentice, software, components,
                 plan calculus",
}

@Manual{Sheppo:1987:ERG,
  author =       "Marion Sheppo",
  title =        "{EMACS} reference guide",
  organization = "Prime Computer, Inc.",
  address =      "Natick, MA, USA",
  edition =      "2nd for Release 21.0",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "DOC5026-2LA. This guide documents the software
                 operation of the Prime Computer and its supporting
                 systems and utilities as implemented at Master Disk
                 Revision level 21.0 (Rev. 21.0).",
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program); Prime computers ---
                 Programming.; Prime computers.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1987:GEM,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU} Emacs manual",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "6th, Version 18",
  pages =        "viii + 284",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program)",
}

@InProceedings{Waters:1987:PAS,
  author =       "R. C. Waters",
  title =        "The Programmer's Apprentice: a session with
                 {KBEmacs}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1987:PAT",
  pages =        "1.",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Summary form only given. The long term goal of the
                 Programmer's Apprentice project is to develop a theory
                 of programming and to automate the programming process.
                 Recognizing that fully automatic programming is very
                 far off, the current research is directed toward the
                 intermediate goal of developing an intelligent computer
                 assistant for programmers called the Programmer's
                 Apprentice (PA). The intention is for the PA to act as
                 a junior partner and critic, keeping track of details
                 and assisting with the easy parts of the programming
                 process while the programmer focuses on the hard part
                 of the process. The Knowledge-Based Editor in Emacs
                 (KBEmacs) is the current demonstration system
                 implemented as part of the PA project. KBEmacs is
                 capable of operating on Ada and Lisp programs of
                 realistic size and complexity. The principal benefit of
                 KBEmacs is that it makes it possible to construct a
                 program rapidly and reliably by combining algorithmic
                 fragments stored in a library. The heart of the paper
                 is a scenario showing the currently running KBEmacs
                 system in action. The scenario shows a 58 line Ada
                 program being constructed using six simple KBEmacs
                 commands. In addition the paper discusses the basic
                 goals of the PA project and the key AI ideas behind
                 KBEmacs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Artificial Intelligence Lab., MIT, Cambridge, MA,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6170 (Expert systems)",
  keywords =     "Ada; AI ideas; Critic; Emacs; Intelligent computer
                 assistant; Junior partner; KBEmacs; Knowledge-Based
                 Editor; Lisp programs; PA project; Programmer's
                 Apprentice project",
  thesaurus =    "Automatic programming; Knowledge based systems",
}

@Book{Aho:1988:APL,
  author =       "Alfred V. Aho and Brian W. Kernighan and Peter J.
                 Weinberger",
  key =          "AWK87",
  title =        "The {AWK} Programming Language",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "x + 210",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-201-07981-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-07981-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A95 A35 1988",
  MRclass =      "68N15, 68-01, 68N20, 68N25",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 02 07:44:41 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/han-wri-mat-sci-2ed.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/css.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{FSF:gawk,MKS:awk,Polytron:polyawk}.",
  ZMnumber =     "0751.68009",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  nb =           "the author order is AKW, but the key looks better as
                 AWK",
  shorttableofcontents = "1: an AWK Tutorial / \\
                 2: The AWK Language / \\
                 3: Data Processing / \\
                 4: Reports and Databases / \\
                 5: Processing Words / \\
                 6: Little Languages / \\
                 7: Experiments with Algorithms / \\
                 Make: a File Updating Program / \\
                 8: Epilog / \\
                 Appendix A: AWK Summary / \\
                 Appendix B: Answers to Selected Exercises / \\
                 Index",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / \\
                 1: an AWK Tutorial / \\
                 Getting Started / \\
                 Simple Output / \\
                 Fancier Output / \\
                 Selection / \\
                 Computing with AWK / \\
                 Control-Flow Statements / \\
                 Arrays / \\
                 A Handful of Useful ``One-liners'' / \\
                 What Next? / \\
                 2: The AWK Language / \\
                 Patterns / \\
                 Actions / \\
                 User-Defined Functions / \\
                 Output / \\
                 Input / \\
                 Interaction with Other Programs / \\
                 Summary / \\
                 3: Data Processing / \\
                 Data Transformation and Reduction / \\
                 Data Validation / \\
                 Bundle and Unbundle / \\
                 Multiline Records / \\
                 Summary / \\
                 4: Reports and Databases / \\
                 Generating Reports / \\
                 Packaged Queries / \\
                 A Relational Database System / \\
                 Summary / \\
                 5: Processing Words / \\
                 Random Text Generation / \\
                 Interactive Text-Manipulation / \\
                 Text Processing / \\
                 Summary / \\
                 6: Little Languages / \\
                 An Assembler and Interpreter / \\
                 A Language for Drawing Graphs / \\
                 A Sort Generator / \\
                 A Reverse-Polish Calculator / \\
                 An Infix Calculator / \\
                 Recursive-Descent Parsing / \\
                 Summary / \\
                 7: Experiments with Algorithms / \\
                 Sorting / \\
                 Profiling / \\
                 Topological Sorting / \\
                 Make: a File Updating Program / \\
                 Summary / \\
                 8: Epilog / \\
                 AWK as a Language / \\
                 Performance / \\
                 Conclusion / \\
                 Appendix A: AWK Summary / \\
                 Appendix B: Answers to Selected Exercises / \\
                 Index",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:1988:MDD,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Macintosh} download disk 16",
  publisher =    "University of Rochester Computing and Reserve
                 Library",
  address =      "Rochester, NY, USA",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 28 15:00:20 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "1 computer disk. Title supplied by cataloger. For
                 fuller description of contents see list at Computing
                 and Reserve Library Desk. 3dplt --- Compact --- DA Appl
                 Font 1.03 --- DA Artisto 1.41 --- DA Blank Screen ---
                 DA Camera --- DA ControlPanelPlus 0.85 --- DA
                 Coordinates --- DA DeskZap 1.3 --- DA Dvorak3.0+ --- DA
                 f(n)key --- DA Fade to Black 2.0 --- DA Font Grabber
                 --- DA Glass --- DA Idle --- DA MakePICTfile --- DA
                 Mouseometer --- DA mouseprint --- DA Multi-Scrap --- DA
                 New Idle1 --- DA New Scrapbook2.0 --- DA NumCaps 2.0
                 --- DA ParmBlaster --- DA ProMouse1.1 --- DA
                 Screendump2 --- DA ScreenSave --- DA Show Clip --- DA
                 Show PICTure --- DA Stars1.3 --- DA Studdclip --- DA
                 ZoomIdle 1.1 --- EDIT 2.0d1 --- Icon Exchanger 2.0 ---
                 Install Twelve-C Demo --- Inventory --- Keeper --- MAC
                 ID --- MassCopier --- microEMACS --- Orion1.4 ---
                 PageSetupCustomizer --- RamDisk+ --- VideoWorks.
                 Collection of freeware and shareware. System
                 requirements: Macintosh. Macintosh (Computer).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Borenstein:1988:UER,
  author =       "N. S. Borenstein",
  title =        "{UNIX} Emacs: a retrospective. Lessons for flexible
                 system design",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PAS",
  pages =        "95--101",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "UNIX Emacs is well-known and widely used as a text
                 editor that has been extended in a remarkable number of
                 directions, not always wisely. Because it is
                 programmable in a powerful yet simple programming
                 language, Emacs has been used as a development tool for
                 the construction of some remarkably complex
                 user-oriented programs. Indeed, it has served as both a
                 user interface management system and a user interface
                 toolkit, through it was designed as neither. The paper
                 discusses the features that have made it so popular for
                 user interface development, in an attempt to derive
                 lessons of value for more powerful and more
                 systematically designed systems in the future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Carnegie-Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques); C6180 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Development tool; Programming language; Text editor;
                 UNIX Emacs; User interface management system; User
                 interface toolkit; User-oriented programs",
  thesaurus =    "Software tools; Text editing; UNIX; User interfaces",
}

@TechReport{Donnelly:1988:BYC,
  author =       "Charles Donnelly and Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "{BISON}\emdash The {YACC}-com\-pat\-i\-ble Parser
                 Generator",
  institution =  pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "Bison was largely written by Robert Corbett, and made
                 {\tt yacc}-com\-pat\-i\-ble by Richard Stallman. See
                 also \cite{Paxson:1988:FFL}.",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bison/",
}

@Article{Fiedler:1988:MBF,
  author =       "David Fiedler",
  title =        "More and Better Free Software",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "6",
  type =         "On the Networks",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "91--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Misc{FSF:gawk,
  key =          "GAWK",
  title =        "The {GAWK} Manual",
  howpublished = pub-FSF # " " # pub-FSF:adr,
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "Also available via ANONYMOUS FTP to
                 \path|prep.ai.mit.edu|. See also \cite{Aho:1988:APL}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Gadol:1988:SCL,
  author =       "S. Gadol",
  title =        "{SPE} --- a {Common Lisp} environment on
                 workstations",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1988:PFA",
  pages =        "399--404",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The Symbolic Programming Environment (SPE), developed
                 by Sun Microsystems, is made up of a collection of
                 programming tools and libraries that implement a
                 powerful programming environment for Common Lisp. The
                 central component of the system is the SPE Lisp editor.
                 It is implemented in the style of Emacs, in that it is
                 built up from a set of character and buffer managing
                 primitives in a way that is user-extensible. Because
                 the system is written completely in Common Lisp, the
                 majority of its functionality is readily portable to
                 any full Common Lisp implementation. Some of interfaces
                 the SPE depends on, such as the debugger, depend on
                 lower level extensions to Common Lisp. But these also
                 have turned out to be quantifiable. The Symbolic
                 Programming Environment is an example of an
                 architecture for future workstation-based productivity
                 tools. Like the Common Lisp system it is built on, the
                 SPE is designed for evolution. Inherent in its
                 structure is the capability for it to extend,
                 transform, and grow in a variety of directions far
                 beyond those initially intended by its developers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sun Microsyst., Mountain View, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  keywords =     "Buffer managing primitives; Character managing
                 primitives; Common Lisp environment; Debugger;
                 Interfaces; Libraries; Portable; Programming
                 environment; Programming tools; SPE; SPE Lisp editor;
                 Sun Microsystems; Symbolic Programming Environment;
                 User-extensible; Workstations",
  thesaurus =    "LISP; Programming environments; Software tools",
}

@Unpublished{Gilmore:1988:PBU,
  author =       "John Gilmore",
  title =        "Porting {Berkeley Unix} through the {GNU C} Compiler",
  day =          "19",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 22 06:53:42 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  note =         "Submitted to USENIX 1988, but rejected as ``not
                 research''. Posted by its author to the TUHS mailing
                 list on 21 May 2020.",
  URL =          "http://mcvoy.com/lm/papers/porting-berkeley.pdf;
                 https://minnie.tuhs.org/pipermail/tuhs/2020-May/021204.html",
  abstract =     "We have ported UC Berkeley's latest Unix sources
                 through the GNU C Compiler, a free draft-ANSI
                 compatible compiler written by Richard Stallman and
                 available from the Free Software Foundation. In the
                 process, we made Berkeley Unix more compatible with the
                 draft ANSI C standard, and tested the GNU C Compiler
                 for its full production release. We describe the impact
                 of various ANSI C changes on the Berkeley Unix sources,
                 the kinds of non-portable code that the conversion
                 uncovered, and how we fixed them. We also briefly
                 explore some limitations in the tools used to build a
                 Unix System.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Halme:1988:GED,
  author =       "Heikki Halme and Juha Hein{\"a}nen",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} as a dynamically extensible programming
                 environment",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "999--1009",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380181006",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 30 09:50:34 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "GNU Emacs is usually used only as an extensible
                 editor. However, the ability to integrate inferior
                 processes into GNU Emacs makes it an attractive
                 programming environment. Like Interlisp and
                 Smalltalk-80, GNU Emacs can be extended dynamically by
                 its user. Unlike these programming environments, it can
                 be used easily as a programming environment for an
                 arbitrary programming language, and not just for its
                 extension language. The authors discuss the methods of
                 extending GNU Emacs and how they have applied them in
                 creating a programming environment for a high-level
                 specification language called AGENT.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput. Syst. Lab., Tampere Univ. of Technol.,
                 Finland",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "AGENT; Dynamically extensible programming environment;
                 Editors; Extensible editor; GNU Emacs; High-level
                 specification language; Lisp",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "High level languages; Programming environments;
                 Specification languages; Text editing",
}

@TechReport{Hammerslag:1988:TM,
  author =       "D. Hammerslag",
  title =        "Treemacs manual",
  number =       "UIUCDCS-R-88-1427",
  institution =  "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  pages =        "25",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Treemacs is a superset of GNU Emacs (currently GNU
                 version 18.50). It is GNU Emacs extended to allow the
                 direct editing of tree structures. This is implemented
                 as a new major mode, tree-mode. In tree-mode, trees are
                 edited directly. The user sees a display of the tree in
                 the current window. The cursor is positioned at the
                 current node of the tree (tree-point). Each node in the
                 tree contains a text buffer (called the node's text).
                 Emacs text editing commands apply to the text of the
                 current node. Tree commands are used to move around in
                 the tree and to modify the tree structure. This manual
                 is divided into three sections. The first gives an
                 introduction to tree editing and to Treemacs. The
                 second is a user's manual intended for one who wants to
                 use Treemacs without customizing or programming it. The
                 third section is a programmer's manual. Treemacs
                 currently runs on Vaxen, SUN-3 workstations, and Gould
                 PowerNode machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques)",
  issuedby =     "Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  keywords =     "Data structures; Direct editing; GNU Emacs; Gould
                 PowerNode; SUN-3 workstations; Text editing; Tree
                 editing; Tree structures; Tree-mode; Treemacs; Vaxen",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Data structures; Text editing; Trees [mathematics];
                 User manuals",
}

@InProceedings{Lea:1988:LGC,
  author =       "Douglas Lea",
  title =        "{libg++}, The {GNU C++} Library",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1988:UPC",
  pages =        "243--256",
  day =          "17--21",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:24:24 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The GNU C++ library is a collection of C++ classes and
                 support tools. The paper describes several general
                 strategies for structuring and designing GNU C++
                 library classes, along with an informal taxonomy of
                 library classes and their implementations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "State University of New York, College at Oswego",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  keywords =     "C++ classes; G++ compiler; GNU C++ library; Libg++;
                 Library classes; Support tools",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Object-oriented programming; Program
                 compilers; Software tools; Subroutines",
}

@Book{Lewis:1988:GEL,
  author =       "Bil Lewis",
  title =        "{GNU} Emacs Lisp manual: Emacs version 18 for {UNIX}
                 users",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "various",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program); Text editors (Computer
                 programs)",
}

@Misc{MKS:awk,
  author =       "{Mortice Kern Systems, Inc.}",
  title =        "{MKSAWK}",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "35 King Street North, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Tel:
                 (519) 884-2251. See also \cite{Aho:1988:APL}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Palmer:1988:DEO,
  author =       "J. Palmer and T. Duffy and K. Gomoll and T. Gomoll and
                 J. Richards-Palmquist and J. A. Trumble",
  title =        "The design and evaluation of online help for {Unix
                 EMACS}: capturing the user in menu design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PROF-COMMUN,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--51",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IEPCBU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/47.6920",
  ISSN =         "0361-1434 (print), 1558-1500 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0361-1434",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 18 11:57:01 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransprofcommun.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=47",
}

@Misc{Paxson:1988:FFL,
  author =       "Vern Paxson",
  title =        "{{\tt flex}} --- fast lexical analyzer generator",
  howpublished = "GNU software package.",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Donnelly:1988:BYC} for the {\tt bison}
                 parser generator.",
  URL =          "http://flex.sourceforge.net/",
}

@Misc{Polytron:polyawk,
  author =       "Polytron Corporation",
  title =        "{PolyAWK}",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "170 NW 167th Place, Beaverton, OR 97006. See also
                 \cite{Aho:1988:APL}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Ritchie:1988:SHC,
  author =       "Russell A. Ritchie",
  title =        "Scottish {HCI} Centre extensions for {GNU} Emacs",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "AMU8829/01S (also Strathclyde University computer
                 science report; no. CS/HCI/8829/01)",
  institution =  "Scottish HCI Centre",
  address =      "Edinburgh, Scotland",
  pages =        "22",
  day =          "9",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This report describes five extensions, written in GNU
                 Emacs-LISP. The first is an expansion of the Sun View
                 window system menu interface, providing scope for HCI
                 involvement in Emacs programming and usage. The rest
                 make writing LISP, PROLOG and \POSTSCRIPT{} programs,
                 and creating \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} documents easier. Four
                 of these extensions come with the distribution version
                 of GNU Emacs, but have been modified by the author to
                 provide extra features. The other, \POSTSCRIPT{} mode,
                 is home-gown and facilitates development of software
                 for the NeWS window system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Alvey GR/D 42368",
  keywords =     "GNU emacs (Computer programs); Text editors (Computer
                 programs)",
}

@MastersThesis{Russel:1988:PCE,
  author =       "Elizabeth Russel",
  title =        "{PBE} customizer: an expert aide for customizing {PBE}
                 Emacs",
  type =         "Master's project",
  school =       "Boston University, College of Liberal Arts, Computer
                 Science Dept.",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  pages =        "32",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Also BUCS technical report 88-005.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Man-machine systems.; Word processing.",
}

@Article{Salzman:1988:OLA,
  author =       "I. J. Salzman",
  title =        "An objective look at {C++} compilers",
  journal =      j-UNIX-REVIEW,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "81, 83, 85--86, 88",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "UNRED5",
  ISSN =         "0742-3136",
  ISSN-L =       "0742-3136",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Three C++ compilers are being reviewed: Oasys Designer
                 C++ release 1.2 (from Oasys Inc.). Oregon C++ release
                 1.1c (from Oregon Software Inc.), and GNU C++ release
                 1.25.1 (from The Free Software Foundation). The Oasys
                 compiler is actually a port of the AT and T C++
                 translator (release 1.2), while the Oregon and GNU
                 products are true compilers producing object modules
                 for the target machine. All of the compilers reviewed
                 are worthy products, and you should make your choice on
                 the basis of your particular objectives. If you want a
                 good port of the AT and T translator and a product that
                 adheres closely to the C++ language specification, then
                 the Oasys product may be the way to go. If you are
                 doing commercial product development and want a
                 compiler that provides a source-level debugger and a
                 high level of vendor support, then Oregon Software's
                 product might best fit the bill. If, on the other hand,
                 you're interested in C++ and not concerned with selling
                 your code then GNU C++ is definitely the choice for
                 you.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "UNIX review",
  keywords =     "AT and T translator; C++ compilers; Commercial product
                 development; GNU C++ release 1.25.1; Oasys; Oasys
                 Designer C++ release 1.2; Oregon C++ release 1.1c;
                 Source-level debugger; The Free Software Foundation;
                 Vendor support",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Program compilers; Software packages",
}

@Misc{Shneiderman:1988:UIS,
  author =       "Ben Shneiderman and Thomas Malone and Donald Norman
                 and James Foley",
  title =        "User Interface Strategies '88 (videotape)",
  publisher =    inst-U-MARYLAND,
  address =      inst-U-MARYLAND:adr,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 22 00:13:31 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "From {\em Computing Reviews\/}: ``User interface
                 strategies '88 was a two-day satellite TV course,
                 taught October 5 and 12, 1988, and organized by Ben
                 Shneiderman. The course features four outstanding
                 researchers in human-computer interaction: Ben
                 Shneiderman, Thomas W. Malone, Donald A. Norman, and
                 James D. Foley. All four speakers are not only leading
                 researchers in their respective areas, but also
                 excellent communicators. This package consists of 10
                 hours of videotape (eight hours of lectures and two
                 hours of discussion) and four books of supplementary
                 materials. These materials consist of more than 400
                 pages and contain all the transparencies used in the
                 presentations, annotated bibliographies and relevant
                 papers (except for Malone's area), and a transcript of
                 Norman's lectures. {\ldots} The programming environment
                 features the {NeWS} window system with pie menus, the
                 {EMACS}-editor with tab windows, and a
                 `pseudo-scientific visualizer' for {\POSTSCRIPT}
                 dictionaries.''",
  price =        "US\$1,800.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Smith:1988:ILL,
  author =       "W. W. Smith and R. H. Campbell",
  title =        "Introduction to Leif language descriptions",
  number =       "UIUCDCS-R-88-1444",
  institution =  "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  pages =        "78",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Explains how to create and compile new language
                 description files for Leif. Leif performs syntax
                 checking and provides language oriented editing
                 features for a text editor. The User Manual for Leif
                 with GNU Emacs and the GNU Emacs Manual describe how to
                 use Leif with its front-end, GNU Emacs. Leif uses
                 languages specified with a regular expression lexical
                 analyzer and an LALR(1) parse table. Each language
                 description has three user specified components that
                 are combined into a single, compiled language
                 description file. The authors describe the utility that
                 combines each of these three components into a
                 completed language description file. They then describe
                 the three components of a language description: parse
                 tables, lexical analyser tables, and supplementary
                 information. They describe the utilities used to
                 process the specifications of these three parts of a
                 language description file, Leif editing commands that
                 may be used to help debug new languages, and two
                 additional utilities supplied with Leif. They show how
                 Leif locates the language description files required to
                 edit a program. The text of a small example language is
                 given. Appendices describe the utilities used to build
                 a language description.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA
                 description manual, and installation guide",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques); C6140D
                 (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters
                 and other processors)",
  issuedby =     "Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  keywords =     "Compiled language; Debugging; Editing commands;
                 Front-end; GNU Emacs; LALR(1) parse table; Language
                 description files; Language oriented editing features;
                 Leif; Lexical analyser tables; Parse tables; Regular
                 expression lexical analyzer; Specifications;
                 Supplementary information; Syntax checking; Text
                 editor; User specified components; Utilities",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Program compilers; Specification languages; Text
                 editing",
}

@TechReport{Smith:1988:LLO,
  author =       "William W. (William Wayne) Smith and Daniel LaLiberte
                 and Roy Harold Campbell",
  title =        "The Leif language oriented editor: user manual,
                 language description manual, and installation guide",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "UIUCDCS-R-88-1444, UILU-ENG-88-1749",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computer Science, University of Illinois at
                 Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "1304 W. Springfield, Urbana, IL 61801, USA",
  pages =        "41 + 30 + 5",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Leif is a language-oriented editor that supports a
                 full set of text editing commands as well as commands
                 based on the program's syntex. The editor uses an
                 incremental parser to update syntactic information
                 about the program. Leif can be used with several
                 different context free languages simultaneously. This
                 document describes how to use Leif with GNU Emacs as
                 the front-end editor. Leif is implemented as a
                 minor-mode within GNU Emacs. The authors describe the
                 motivation for constructing Leif, and how Leif works
                 internally. A short introduction is then given to GNU
                 Emacs. To show to use Leif with Emacs key bindings,
                 examples are presented of the commands in Leif. The
                 authors also describes using Leif in the VIP mode of
                 GNU Emacs (VIP mode simulates the editor Vi within
                 Emacs). They describe commands that use the tree
                 structure of the edited program. Emacs variables are
                 listed that allow the behavior of Leif in Emacs to be
                 customized. An appendix contains an example {.emacs}
                 file that may be placed in your home directory. The
                 index and command summaries at the end of the paper
                 help to locate where commands are described in this
                 document.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA
                 description manual, and installation guide",
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic); C6110B (Software engineering
                 techniques); C6130D (Document processing techniques)",
  issuedby =     "Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  keywords =     "Commands; Context free languages; Front-end editor;
                 Ghezzi Mandrioli incremental parsing algorithm; GNU
                 Emacs; Incremental parser; Key bindings; Language
                 oriented editor; Language-oriented editor; Leif; Leif
                 (Computer file); Minor-mode; Program editing; Program
                 syntax; SAGA project; Software administration; Software
                 automation; Software engineering; Software generation;
                 Syntactic information updating; Text editing commands;
                 Text editors (Computer programs); Tree structure; User
                 manual; VIP mode",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Context-free languages; Program compilers; Software
                 engineering; Text editing",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1988:GEMa,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "6th, {Emacs} version 18",
  pages =        "x + 290",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1988:GEMb,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "6th, {Emacs} version 18 for {UNIX} users",
  pages =        "x + 294",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "MIC 3.2.4.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1988:GMG,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GDB} manual: the {GNU} source-level debugger",
  organization = "Free Software Foundation, Inc.",
  address =      "Cambridge? Mass.",
  edition =      "2nd, {GDB} version 2.5",
  pages =        "ii + 63",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer programs --- Testing --- Handbooks, manuals,
                 etc.; Debugging in computer science --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.; GDB (Computer program) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.; GNU Emacs --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1988:TGD,
  author =       "Richard Stallman and Robert J. Chassell",
  title =        "Texinfo: the {GNU} documentation format",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "1.1",
  pages =        "vi + 102",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.; Texinfo ---
                 Handbooks, manuals, etc.; Text editors (Computer
                 programs) --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1988:TTL,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{Termcap}: the {{\tt termcap}} library and data base",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "ii + 66",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program); Subroutines (Computer
                 programs); Termcap.; UNIX (Computer operating system)",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1988:UPG,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "Using and Porting {GNU CC}",
  institution =  pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "Electronic mail: \path|rms@prep.ai.mit.edu|. Software
                 also available via ANONYMOUS FTP to
                 \path|prep.ai.mit.edu|.",
}

@Book{Tanenbaum:1988:MAS,
  author =       "Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Johan W. Stevenson and Jost
                 Muller",
  title =        "{MINIX} for the {ATARI ST} and {MINIX} manual for the
                 {ATARI ST}",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  edition =      "Version 1.1",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-13-584392-8 (disks), 0-13-584434-7 (manual)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-584392-5 (disks), 978-0-13-584434-2
                 (manual)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 30 17:55:16 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "9 computer disks.",
  abstract =     "MINIX is a new operating system that is similar to
                 Version 7 of the UNIX operating system. MINIX is widely
                 used on the IBM PC, and has now been ported to the
                 Atari ST and Mega ST. Unlike the UNIX system itself,
                 MINIX comes complete with all the source code. MINIX
                 features: a system call compatible with V7 UNIX (except
                 for a few very minor calls); a Kernighan and Ritchie
                 compatible C compiler; a shell that is functionally
                 identical to the Bourne shell; full multiprogramming
                 (fork+exec; background jobs in shell: cc file.c \&); a
                 full screen editor inspired by emacs (modeless,
                 autoinsert, etc.); over 60 popular utilities (cat, cp,
                 grep, ls, make, mount, sort, etc.); and over 100
                 library procedures (atoi, fork, malloc, stdio, strcmp,
                 etc.) It works with floppy-only systems or with hard
                 disk systems. A full operating system source code is
                 included, and the source code for all utilities (except
                 the C compiler) is also included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Title from disk label. An operating system for small
                 computer systems, inspired by V7 of the UNIX operating
                 system. It has a hierarchical file system, supports
                 full multitasking, and has a command interpreter,
                 called the shell, similar to the Bourne shell on UNIX.
                 Comes with 100 utility programs, nearly all of which
                 are similar to UNIX programs. System requirements:
                 Amiga ST; 512K RAM; TOS. Atari ST",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  keywords =     "Atari ST; Bourne shell; Emacs; Floppy disk systems;
                 Full screen editor; Hard disk systems; Kernighan and
                 Ritchie compatible C compiler; Library procedures; Mega
                 ST; MINIX; Multiprogramming; Operating system;
                 Operating systems (Computers) --- Software.; Source
                 code; System call; UNIX; Utilities",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Atari computers; Microcomputer applications; Unix;
                 User manuals",
}

@InProceedings{Tiemann:1988:SRP,
  author =       "M. D. Tiemann",
  title =        "Solving the {RPC} problem in {GNU C++}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1988:UPC",
  pages =        "343--361",
  day =          "17--21",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The C++ programming language is being used in a number
                 of projects which implement some form of distributed
                 execution model. While each of these projects differ in
                 their goals and implementations, all of them ultimately
                 depend on some kind of remote procedure call (RPC), a
                 facility which is not easily supported by C++. For this
                 reason, many different extensions to C++ have been
                 implemented, each one coping with this problem in its
                 own, unique way. The paper presents a construct, called
                 a wrapper, which provides a more general solution to
                 the problem than previous work, and in some cases,
                 provides greater efficiency as well. Wrappers are a
                 highly experimental feature, implemented in the GNU C++
                 compiler; the paper represents the start of their
                 evolution. GNU C++ is a highly optimizing native code
                 C++ compiler for the SUN3 and the VAX running BSD 4.23.
                 The compiler as well as a C++ source level debugger,
                 GDB+, a linker, documentation, and library support, is
                 available as free software, under the terms of the GNU
                 General Public License.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation,
                 Austin, TX, USA",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  keywords =     "C++ compiler; Distributed execution model; GDB+; GNU
                 C++; Highly optimizing native code C++ compiler;
                 Library support; Remote procedure call; RPC problem;
                 Source level debugger; SUN3; VAX; Wrapper",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Object-oriented programming; Program
                 compilers",
}

@Article{vonBechtolsheim:1988:UEE,
  author =       "Stephan {von Bechtolsheim}",
  title =        "Using the {Emacs} Editor to Safely Edit {\TeX}
                 Sources",
  journal =      j-TEXNIQUES,
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "195--202",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 29 08:27:39 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  fjournal =     "{\TeX}{\-}niques, Publications for the {\TeX}
                 community",
}

@MastersThesis{Yacko:1988:GEB,
  author =       "Nancy Jane Yacko",
  title =        "A {GNU Emacs} browser for {C++} code development",
  type =         "Thesis (M.S.)",
  school =       "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA",
  pages =        "v + 33",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Beer:1989:DWT,
  author =       "M. D. Beer and S. M. George and R. Rada",
  title =        "Developing writing tools for {UNIX} workstations",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1989:PAE",
  pages =        "31--36",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The availability of networks of UNIX-based graphical
                 workstations has stimulated new developments in
                 authoring software. The paper presents the authors'
                 experiences along several fronts. First, they discuss
                 the lessons learnt from developing a simple authoring
                 tool to run on the Atari-ST, using the GEM operating
                 system. They then discuss the development of software
                 using (1) the X11 toolkit and one of the readily
                 available widget sets, (2) a configurable editor (GNU
                 Emacs) to develop prototype applications, and (3) the
                 Andrew toolkit to re-implement the original Atari
                 authoring system, but this time providing a tool that
                 will allow several authors to collaborate closely with
                 each other. The practicalities of these approaches are
                 discussed with reference to their own experiences.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Liverpool Univ., UK",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130B (Graphics
                 techniques); C6150J (Operating systems); C6180 (User
                 interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Andrew toolkit; Atari authoring system; Atari-ST;
                 Authoring software; Authoring tool; Configurable
                 editor; GEM operating system; GNU Emacs; Prototype
                 applications; UNIX-based graphical workstations; Widget
                 sets; Writing tools; X11 toolkit",
  thesaurus =    "Authoring languages; Computer graphics; Software
                 tools; UNIX; User interfaces; Workstations",
}

@TechReport{Black:1989:SSGa,
  author =       "J. E. Black",
  title =        "{SCRIBE} support in {GNU} Emacs",
  type =         "Technical information series",
  number =       "89CRD197",
  institution =  "GE Research and Development Center",
  address =      "Schenectady, NY, USA",
  pages =        "v + 70 + 14",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Compilers (Computer programs); GNU Emacs (Computer
                 program); SCRIBE (Computer program); Text editors
                 (Computer programs)",
}

@InProceedings{Black:1989:SSGb,
  author =       "J. E. Black",
  title =        "Scribe support in {GNU} Emacs",
  crossref =     "ACM:1989:CPS",
  pages =        "125--135",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Scribe is a high level document processing system, or
                 a composition engine which permits users to deal with
                 documentation at a higher level of abstraction than is
                 possible with word-processors or page processors. With
                 the increasing popularity of WYSIWYG style editors,
                 which are more properly described as page processing
                 systems; fewer people are willing to insert the type of
                 mark-up commands required to properly use a document
                 processing system such as Scribe. Described are a set
                 of support functions, written in a dialect of LISP,
                 which provide assistance to the Scribe user during the
                 preparation and composition of documents. These support
                 functions provide short-cuts for insertion of Scribe
                 mark-up, as well as certain features useful during
                 composition and maintenance of large documents.
                 Collectively, these support functions are called Scribe
                 Mode and are written to be used with the GNU Emacs
                 editor. GNU Emacs is known to run under the UNIX and
                 VAX/VMS operating systems, and various versions have
                 been observed to operate on a wide variety of host
                 computers, and other operating systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "GE Corp. Res. and Dev., Schenectady, NY, USA",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  keywords =     "Compilers; Composition engine; Document processing;
                 GNU Emacs; LISP; Mark-up commands; Scribe; UNIX;
                 VAX/VMS",
  thesaurus =    "Program compilers; Word processing",
}

@TechReport{Carr:1989:GTP,
  author =       "D. J. Carr",
  title =        "Glue: a tree-based program development and maintenance
                 system which uses explicit, typed, higher order
                 cliches",
  number =       "UIUCDCS-R-89-1495",
  institution =  "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  pages =        "50",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Describes a tree-based program development and
                 maintenance system, GLUE, which uses explicit, typed,
                 higher order cliches. A cliche is a standard method for
                 dealing with a task which consists of a set of roles
                 embedded in an underlying matrix. The roles represent
                 parts of the cliche that may change from use to use,
                 and the matrix specifies how these roles interact to
                 achieve the goal of the cliche. The GLUE system uses a
                 tree editor (TREEMACS) built on top of GNU Emacs. The
                 cliches are written in a functional language (ML) whose
                 base types are extended by the abstract syntax
                 categories of a target language (Pascal). Since cliches
                 are typed and of higher order, one can combine program
                 fragments in arbitrary ways. This permits great
                 flexibility in the way programs can be presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics); C6115
                 (Programming support)",
  issuedby =     "Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  keywords =     "Abstract syntax categories; Functional language; GLUE;
                 GNU Emacs; Higher order cliches; Maintenance system;
                 ML; Pascal; Tree editor; Tree-based program
                 development; TREEMACS",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Programming environments; Trees [mathematics]",
}

@Manual{Close:1989:GM,
  author =       "Diane Barlow Close",
  title =        "The {GAWK} manual",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "0.12 Beta",
  pages =        "viii + 152",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "AWK (Computer program language); GNU Emacs (Computer
                 program language); Text editors (Computer programs)",
}

@Article{Crabb:1989:PWP,
  author =       "D. Crabb",
  title =        "A perfect word processor at last?",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "157--158",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "According to the author Nisus is the perfect word
                 processing package. It is fully extensible and comes
                 with a complete macro programming capability similar to
                 GNU EMACS. It includes many functions for managing text
                 files. Nisus rounds out the feature list with some
                 elegant writer's tools: a thesaurus, a dictionary,
                 comparison operations, index and table-of-contents
                 generators, line numbering, unlimited Undos, 10
                 Clipboards, and a Get Info command. Like FullWrite, it
                 follows the practice of keeping the complete Font,
                 Size, and Style menus on the menu bar where they
                 belong, and not hidden in other menus like Word 3.02
                 does. Besides its text and document management power,
                 Nisus includes a bunch of desktop publishing and
                 graphics design features that position it squarely in
                 competition with FullWrite and Microsoft Word 4.0.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C7106 (Word processing)",
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
  keywords =     "Clipboards; Comparison operations; Desktop publishing;
                 Dictionary; Get Info command; Graphics design; Index;
                 Line numbering; Macro programming; Nisus;
                 Table-of-contents; Text files; Thesaurus; Undos; Word
                 processing package; Word processor",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Software packages; Word processing",
}

@Article{Fiedler:1989:HGS,
  author =       "David Fiedler",
  title =        "How To Get Source From The {GNU} Project",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "7",
  type =         "On The Networks",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "109--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Haney:1989:CBM,
  author =       "Daniel R. Haney and Richard Stallman and Robert
                 Corbett",
  title =        "{CUG285} --- {BISON} for {MS-DOS}",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "7",
  type =         "CUG New Release",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "119--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Harrison:1989:IBP,
  author =       "Michael A. Harrison and Ethan V. Munson",
  title =        "On integrated bibliography processing",
  journal =      j-EPODD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "193--209",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "EPODEU",
  ISSN =         "0894-3982",
  ISSN-L =       "0894-3982",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Bibliography processing systems are important to the
                 production of scholarly and technical documents. While
                 the existing systems are a significant aid to authors,
                 their designs are not sufficient to handle the demands
                 that have arisen with their continued use. These
                 demands include larger bibliographic databases, sharing
                 of databases among multiple authors, integration with
                 document editors, and the desire for new features. This
                 paper examines these issues as they are reflected in
                 three enhancements to the bibliography processing
                 facilities of the GNU Emacs {\BibTeX}-Mode and
                 {\TeX}-Mode integrated editing environment. The added
                 features were a reference annotation facility, support
                 of forms-based queries for automatic citation, and an
                 enhanced reference inspection facility supporting
                 WYSIWYG display of references. The design and
                 implementation of the three features are discussed in
                 detail. Their relationship to other bibliography
                 processing tools is discussed.",
  fjournal =     "Electronic Pub\-lish\-ing\emdash{}Orig\-i\-na\-tion,
                 Dissemination, and Design",
  keywords =     "Bibliography processing, Document processing,
                 Integrated systems, Annotations, Forms-based query,
                 Reference inspection",
}

@TechReport{Langmyhr:1989:TMG,
  author =       "Dag F. Langmyhr",
  title =        "Tekstredigering med {GNU-Emacs}",
  type =         "Kompendium",
  number =       "33",
  institution =  "Institutt for informatikk",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  pages =        "49",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 10:13:32 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Norwegian",
}

@TechReport{Liu:1989:ELR,
  author =       "Sying-Syang Liu and Roger Ogando",
  title =        "An {Emacs}-Based Logical Ripple Effect Analyzer
                 Prototype User's Manual",
  number =       "SERC-TR-32-F",
  institution =  "Software Engineering Research Centre",
  address =      "????",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 21 19:19:53 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Techreports/software-engineering-research-centre.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a user's manual for a GNU
                 Emacs-based logical ripple effect analyzer prototype
                 which is currently running on a Unix BSD 4.1
                 environment. We expect no problem to port this
                 prototype to any other Unix systems as long as a GNU
                 Emacs version 18 is installed. With the aid of the
                 prototype, a user, typically a software developer or
                 programmer, can visualize and better predict the effect
                 of any changes made to a program. The programming
                 language supported is a subset of Ada languages at the
                 intraprocedural level.",
}

@InProceedings{Mangaser:1989:CPS,
  author =       "A. A. Mangaser and Y. Wang and S. E. Butner",
  title =        "Concurrent programming support for a multimanipulator
                 experiment on {RIPS}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1989:PII",
  pages =        "853--859 (vol. 2)",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Three volumes.",
  abstract =     "The authors discuss a concurrent programming
                 environment and its application to a two-arm
                 cooperative manipulation experiment on RIPS (robot
                 instruction processing system). RIPS is a hierarchical
                 multiprocessor architecture in which various custom and
                 general-purpose processors are applied to a
                 partitioning of the robot control problem. The system
                 provides hardware support for synchronization and
                 communication primitives, making it easier to write
                 concurrent programs for RIPS' heterogeneous processors.
                 The experiment demonstrated the viability of RIPS in
                 supporting computationally intensive robot control
                 methodologies, and as a byproduct has helped to develop
                 a parallel programming environment for RIPS, called USE
                 RIPS (user software environment for RIPS). By building
                 USE RIPS on UNIX and using a layered approach, it is
                 possible to adapt or make use of various existing
                 programs and utilities, such as the GNU and C++
                 compilers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Center for Robotic Syst. in Microelectron., California
                 Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA",
  classification = "C3390 (Robotics); C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and
                 techniques); C6115 (Programming support); C7420
                 (Control engineering)",
  keywords =     "C++ compilers; Communication primitives;
                 Computationally intensive robot control methodologies;
                 Concurrent programming environment; Decomposition; GNU;
                 Hierarchical multiprocessor architecture; Layered
                 approach; Multimanipulator experiment; Parallel
                 programming environment; Problem partitioning; Robot
                 instruction processing system; Synchronization; Two-arm
                 cooperative manipulation; UNIX; USE RIPS; User software
                 environment",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Hierarchical systems; Parallel processing;
                 Programming environments; Robots",
}

@Article{Miura:1989:AKD,
  author =       "K. Miura and K. Yonezawa and Y. Uesugi",
  title =        "Advanced {Kanji} display terminal",
  journal =      j-ANRITSU-TECHNICAL-BULL,
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "ANTKAE",
  ISSN =         "0003-5211",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-5211",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "An advanced kanji display terminal that is very
                 suitable for software design has been developed. The
                 terminal has the following features: (1) a
                 multi-terminal function permits handling of multi-port
                 data and multi-windows on a split screen; (2) the
                 51-row and 136 column display is sufficient for some
                 split-screen editors such as Emacs; and (3) the high
                 display quality is based on a noninterlaced high
                 refresh rate of 75 Hz and a 15-inch antiglare flat CRT.
                 Other factors that contribute to increased efficiency
                 for software design and a compact and attractive
                 appearance have been incorporated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B7260 (Display technology and systems)",
  fjournal =     "Anritsu Technical Bulletin",
  issue =        "no.58 p. 63-71",
  keywords =     "Antiglare flat CRT; Emacs; Kanji display terminal;
                 Multi-port data; Multi-terminal function;
                 Multi-windows; Noninterlaced high refresh rate;
                 Software design; Split-screen editors",
  language =     "Japanese",
  pubcountry =   "Japan",
  thesaurus =    "Cathode-ray tube displays; Engineering workstations;
                 Flat panel displays",
}

@Article{Oman:1989:OLA,
  author =       "P. Oman",
  title =        "An objective look at {C++} environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "100--103, 105",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/52.23141",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The authors evaluated six C++ environments: three for
                 MS-DOS PCs, and three for mini and mainframe UNIX
                 systems. They tested the MS-DOS products-Advantage C++
                 Version 1.2 (beta2a), Guidelines C++ Version 1.2, and
                 Zortech C++ Version 1.05-on an 8-MHz, 80286-based PC
                 with a 44-Mbyte hard disk but with no math coprocessor.
                 They tested Oregon C++ Version 1.1C on a Sun-3 running
                 SunOS 3.5; GNU C++ on a Sequent Balance 21000 running
                 Dynix 3.0; and AT and T C++ on the Sequent, the Sun,
                 and on a Digital Equipment Corp. MicroVAX II running
                 UNIX 4.3 BSD. They believe, based on the results of
                 their study, that C++ will be the dominant
                 object-oriented language that industry uses for serious
                 software development.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Idaho Univ., Moscow, ID, USA",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
  keywords =     "Advantage C++ Version 1.2; AT and T C++;
                 C++environments; Dynix 3.0; GNU C++; Guidelines C++
                 Version 1.2; MicroVAX II; MS-DOS; Object-oriented
                 language; Oregon C++ Version 1.1C; Sequent; Sequent
                 Balance 21000; Sun-3; SunOS 3.5; UNIX; UNIX 4.3 BSD;
                 Zortech C++ Version 1.05",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Object-oriented programming; Program
                 compilers; Programming environments",
}

@MastersThesis{Peltonen:1989:GEI,
  author =       "Kyle G. Peltonen",
  title =        "A {GNU Emacs} interface to the {Community Information
                 System} project",
  type =         "Thesis (B.S.)",
  school =       "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of
                 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "3 + 26",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by David K. Gifford.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Radel:1989:FTS,
  author =       "Jon Radel",
  title =        "{``Free'' {\TeX} software for IBM PCs}",
  journal =      j-TUGboat,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "202--202",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  ISSN-L =       "0896-3207",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 13 10:24:20 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/index-table-t.html#tugboat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tugboat.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-bnb # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/",
}

@InProceedings{Ritchie:1989:MEG,
  author =       "R. A. Ritchie and G. R. S. Weir",
  title =        "Menu-based extensions to {GNU} Emacs",
  crossref =     "Sutcliffe:1989:PCV",
  pages =        "245--257",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Extensions to the GNU incarnation of the Emacs editing
                 system which provide facilities for menu-based
                 interaction is given. Following the Emacs philosophy,
                 the described system is designed to allow for
                 user-customisation and extension of menus, which are
                 sensitive to the user's editing mode. The system
                 affords pop-up and pull-right menus on SUN workstations
                 and terminal menus on the wide range of terminals
                 supported by Emacs. Additionally, a menu-based menu
                 design tool has been implemented. This provides
                 intelligent support to individual users who wish to
                 construct or alter menus. The operation of this Emacs
                 menu system is outlined and its range of facilities
                 described in detail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Scottish HCI Centre, Glasgow, UK",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques); C6180 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Editing mode; Emacs editing system; Emacs menu system;
                 Emacs philosophy; GNU incarnation; Intelligent support;
                 Menu-based interaction; Menu-based menu design tool;
                 Pull-right menus; SUN workstations; Terminal menus;
                 User-customisation",
  thesaurus =    "Interactive systems; Microcomputer applications;
                 Software tools; Text editing; User interfaces",
}

@TechReport{Stallman:1989:GMGa,
  author =       "R. M. Stallman",
  title =        "{GDB} Manual (The {GNU} Source-Level Debugger)",
  institution =  pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/debug.bib",
  note =         "Third Edition, GDB version 3.1.",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1989:GMGb,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GDB} manual: the {GNU} source-level debugger",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Third, {GDB} version 3.4",
  pages =        "iv + 76",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program)",
}

@Manual{Stallman:1989:GMP,
  author =       "Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath",
  title =        "{GNU} make: a program for directing recompilation",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "0.25 {Beta} for make, {Version 3.57 Beta}",
  pages =        "vi + 118",
  day =          "24",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program); Text editors (Computer
                 programs)",
}

@Article{Udell:1989:ETE,
  author =       "J. Udell",
  title =        "Extensible text editors for programmers",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "197--198, 200--202, 204",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:19:01 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Looks at four popular text editors-BRIEF 2.1 (US\$195,
                 Solution Systems), EMACS 1.2 (US\$325, UniPress),
                 Epsilon 3.2 (US\$195, Lugaru), and ME 2.1 (US\$89,
                 Magma). These editors are specialized for programmers
                 editing source code, and that means they're line, not
                 paragraph, oriented. They all run on a standard IBM PC
                 or compatible; EMACS needs at least 384 Kbytes of RAM,
                 and Epsilon, ME, and BRIEF will run in 256 Kbytes. And
                 these text editors let you customize them in nearly
                 limitless ways. Each of them manages the complexity of
                 customization by dividing itself into the kernel and
                 user layers. The kernel is the executable file you run
                 from the DOS command line. It manages machine
                 resources, implements basic operations involving files,
                 buffers, and windows, and supports the user layer. The
                 user layer is a set of files containing code written in
                 the editor's extension language and executed by the
                 kernel. It implements key bindings, search-and-replace
                 protocols, and language-sensitive modes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130D (Document
                 processing techniques)",
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
  keywords =     "256 KB; 256 Kbytes; 384 KB; 384 Kbytes; BRIEF 2.1;
                 Editing source code; EMACS 1.2; Epsilon 3.2; Extension
                 language; Kernel; Line oriented editor; ME 2.1;
                 Programmers; Text editors; User layer",
  numericalindex = "Memory size 2.62E+05 Byte; Memory size 3.93E+05
                 Byte",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Software packages; Software tools; Text editing",
}

@Article{Volkman:1989:BGB,
  author =       "Victor R. Volkman",
  title =        "Bison: {A GNU} Breed Of {YACC}",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "117--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1989",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@InProceedings{Clarkson:1990:PRE,
  author =       "M. Clarkson",
  title =        "Praxis: a rule-based expert system for {MACSYMA}",
  crossref =     "Miola:1990:DIS",
  pages =        "264--265",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The author introduces the need for improved user
                 interfaces to computer algebra systems. He then
                 describes Praxis. The system is a synthesis of three
                 separate sub-systems; a Computer Algebra System using
                 the symbolic algebra system MACSYMA, a Rule-Based
                 Expert System using the Personal Consultant Expert
                 System from Texas Instruments, and an On-line Help
                 System using the GNU Emacs {\TeX}Info system. The
                 rule-based system prompts the user for a definition of
                 what he or she wants to do, which becomes the goal of
                 the consultation. This goal is refined by a series of
                 questions posed in the form of multiple choice menus.
                 The information in the menus is structured similarly to
                 an algebra and calculus textbook, and its organization
                 is intended to be intuitively apparent to a physical
                 scientist. The system requires very little knowledge of
                 the syntax or functions of the underlying CA system,
                 making it suitable for the novice user. At the same
                 time, it is an organized catalogue of most of the
                 functions and variables available in MACSYMA, and is
                 therefore useful to the more advanced user. The system
                 has been integrated with a context sensitive on-line
                 help system at every point in the consultation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "ISTS, York Univ., North York, Ont., Canada",
  classification = "C6170 (Expert systems); C6180 (User interfaces);
                 C7310 (Mathematics)",
  keywords =     "Computer Algebra System; Computer algebra systems;
                 Consultation; Context sensitive on-line help system;
                 GNU Emacs {\TeX}Info system; MACSYMA; Multiple choice
                 menus; On-line Help System; Personal Consultant Expert
                 System; Rule-Based Expert System; Symbolic algebra
                 system; User interfaces",
  thesaurus =    "Knowledge based systems; Mathematics computing;
                 Software packages; Symbol manipulation; User
                 interfaces",
}

@Article{Cramer:1990:SMC,
  author =       "M. Cramer",
  title =        "Structure and mnemonics in computer and command
                 languages",
  journal =      j-INT-J-MAN-MACHINE-STUDIES,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "707--722",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IJMMBC",
  ISSN =         "0020-7373",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-7373",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Payne and Green (1986) proposed the task action
                 grammar (TAG) as a formalism for the evaluation of
                 command language organization. TAG is a competence
                 model of command language organization which emphasizes
                 the structural organization of the command language.
                 That is, a group of commands all with the same form but
                 differing values is predicted to be easier to use than
                 one where each command of the group has a unique
                 pattern of values. The four test command languages they
                 used were: 'structure and mnemonics'; 'structure only';
                 'mnemonics only'; and a version of the EMACS editor
                 command language. A fifth language was added to the
                 testing, 'neither structure nor mnemonics'. Contrary to
                 the original results, in the replication, the
                 structural factor was not a significant factor. In
                 fact, the structure-only language, the EMACS variant
                 and the language with neither structure nor mnemonics
                 were not significantly different. Considering only the
                 languages with structure, the use of word abbreviations
                 as mnemonics appears to be more effective than the use
                 of graphical symbols. As TAG depends on the explanation
                 of the importance of structure, this finding raises
                 questions as to its utility. A categorization exercise
                 gave the only result which showed any influence of the
                 structure factor. If TAG does provide a performance
                 model of command languages, it appears to have much
                 less influence on the user's performance than some
                 types of mnemonics. The EMACS variant has more complex
                 organization than any other of the test languages. The
                 test results do not show that the subjects were able to
                 use the clues provided.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comp. Sci., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques); C6140
                 (Programming languages); C6180 (User interfaces)",
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Man-Machine Studies",
  keywords =     "Categorization; Clues; Command language organization;
                 Competence model; Computer languages; Ease of use;
                 EMACS editor; Graphical symbols; Language structure;
                 Mnemonics; Performance model; Structural organization;
                 Structure factor; Task action grammar; Word
                 abbreviations",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Grammars; Macros; Programming languages; Text editing;
                 User interfaces",
}

@InProceedings{Deodhar:1990:GAI,
  author =       "S. Deodhar",
  booktitle =    "ACE '90. Proceedings of [XVI Annual Convention and
                 Exhibition of the IEEE In India]",
  title =        "{GNU-Aid}: Intelligent computer aided instruction
                 system",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "14--16",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 17:20:12 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Donnelly:1990:BYP,
  author =       "Charles Donnelly and Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{Bison}: the {Yacc-compatible} parser generator",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "{Bison Version} 1.12",
  pages =        "iv + 96",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bison (Computer grammar); GNU Emacs (Computer program
                 language); Parsing (Computer grammar); Yacc (Computer
                 grammar)",
}

@Article{Fiedler:1990:FSH,
  author =       "David Fiedler",
  title =        "The Free Software Hit Parade: a quick review of the
                 most popular free {Unix} software",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "85--86, 88",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 12 17:47:21 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150E (General utility programs); C7000 (Computer
                 applications); C7830D (Computer games)",
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
  keywords =     "Games programs; Printer support programs; Public
                 domain software; Unix; Utility programs",
  thesaurus =    "Computer games; Public domain software; Software
                 packages; Utility programs",
}

@Article{Fiedler:1990:FSW,
  author =       "David Fiedler",
  title =        "Free Software!: When it comes to user-developed {Unix}
                 programs, there is such a thing as a free lunch",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "97, 100",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 12 17:47:21 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C7000 (Computer applications)",
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
  keywords =     "Free software; Freely available software; Shareware;
                 Software; Unix users",
  thesaurus =    "Public domain software; Unix",
}

@Article{Fraser:1990:LTE,
  author =       "C. W. Fraser and B. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Live text (editing)",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "851--858",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Describes a software package that allows the user to
                 edit the output of several common software tools and to
                 cause the changes to be written back to the input
                 files. For example, it is possible to edit the output
                 of a spelling checker and have the changes propagated
                 back to the source files. This technique makes some
                 corrections simpler and more direct. A trial
                 implementation is embedded in Emacs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT and T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques)",
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "Corrections; Edit; Emacs; Input files; Live text;
                 Software package; Software tools; Written back
                 changes",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Software packages; Software tools; Text editing",
}

@TechReport{Hammerslag:1990:TET,
  author =       "D. H. Hammerslag",
  title =        "Treemacs: an extensible tree editor",
  number =       "UIUCDCS-R-90-1600",
  institution =  "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 150",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The kinds of applications that a general purpose tree
                 editor can support include: proof trees, document
                 trees, transformation trees, outlines, abstract syntax
                 trees, and high-level program development trees. A
                 general purpose tree editor must include the following
                 features. It must not be restricted to applications
                 where the trees are defined by formal grammars. On the
                 other hand, it must be able to check and/or enforce
                 structural constraints on trees. It must allow for
                 varying the representation of trees both within and
                 between applications. It must be extensible and
                 customizable. It must be possible to vary the time(s)
                 at which structure constraints are checked: continually
                 (i.e. at each tree modification), by user command, or
                 something in between. The author has developed such a
                 general purpose editor by starting from the extensible
                 text editor Emacs and extending it with a tree data
                 type and a customizable, extensible tree display
                 algorithm. A number of applications have been written
                 by the author and others. Among the applications
                 written by the author is one for editing abstract
                 syntax trees. This is a difficult application from
                 various points of view and has the particular advantage
                 that it allows for 'head-to-head' comparisons with
                 grammar based editors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6130D (Document
                 processing techniques)",
  issuedby =     "Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  keywords =     "Abstract syntax trees; Document trees; Emacs;
                 Extensible text editor; Extensible tree display
                 algorithm; Extensible tree editor; General purpose tree
                 editor; High-level program development trees; Outlines;
                 Proof trees; Structural constraints; Transformation
                 trees; Tree data type; Treemacs; User command",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Data structures; Software packages; Text editing;
                 Trees [mathematics]; User manuals",
}

@InProceedings{Kislitzin:1990:NMS,
  author =       "K. Kislitzin",
  title =        "Network monitoring by scripts",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1990:UAP",
  pages =        "101--105",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Several network monitoring tools written in sh and
                 gawk are described. These tools include a ping-based
                 diagnostic report, a network availability metric and an
                 ftp throughput report. The tools were developed for the
                 Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Facility at the
                 NASA Ames Research Center, a pathfinder in numerical
                 aerodynamic simulation methods. One aspect of achieving
                 that goal is a commitment to having the fastest
                 machines in the world and a network which can support
                 them. The NAS high speed processors consist of a Cray
                 Y-MP and a Cray-2. In addition, there are several
                 highly parallel machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Comput. Sci. Corp., Moffett Field, CA, USA",
  classification = "B6210L (Computer communications); C5620 (Computer
                 networks and techniques); C6150J (Operating systems);
                 C7460 (Aerospace engineering)",
  keywords =     "Cray Y-MP; Cray-2; Ftp throughput report; Gawk; Highly
                 parallel machines; NAS high speed processors; Network
                 availability metric; Network monitoring tools;
                 Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation; Numerical aerodynamic
                 simulation methods; Ping-based diagnostic report; Sh",
  thesaurus =    "Aerospace computing; Computer networks; Computerised
                 monitoring; Network operating systems; Supervisory
                 programs",
}

@MastersThesis{Klingler:1990:SSE,
  author =       "Carol Diane Klingler",
  title =        "Syntax-directed semantics-supported editing of
                 algebraic specifications",
  type =         "Project report (M.S.)",
  school =       "Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University",
  address =      "Blacksburg, VA, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 131",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program); Text editors (Computer
                 programs)",
}

@InProceedings{Kopec:1990:EIT,
  author =       "G. E. Kopec and S. C. Bagley",
  title =        "Editing images of text",
  crossref =     "Furuta:1990:EPI",
  pages =        "207--220",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Most document recognition systems are based on the
                 paradigm of format conversion, in which scanned
                 document images are converted into a structured
                 symbolic description which can be manipulated by a
                 conventional document processing system. While this
                 approach is attractive in many respects, there are
                 situations in which complete recognition and format
                 conversion is either unnecessary or very difficult to
                 achieve with sufficient accuracy. The authors describe
                 Image EMACS, a text editor for binary document images
                 which illustrates an alternative to the format
                 conversion paradigm. The inputs and outputs of Image
                 EMACS are scanned images of text and the primary
                 document representation within Image EMACS is the image
                 itself, rather than a symbolic description of it. The
                 goal of Image EMACS is to allow images of text to be
                 created and manipulated as if they were conventional
                 text files. The central insight behind Image EMACS is
                 that many text editing operations may be implemented
                 directly in terms of geometrical operations on image
                 blobs, without explicit knowledge of the symbolic
                 character labels (i.e. without character
                 recognition).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Xerox Palo Alto Res. Center, CA, USA",
  classification = "C5260B (Computer vision and picture processing);
                 C6130B (Graphics techniques); C7230 (Publishing and
                 reproduction)",
  keywords =     "Binary document images; Document recognition systems;
                 Document representation; Geometrical operations; Image
                 blobs; Image EMACS; Scanned images; Symbolic character
                 labels; Text editing operations; Text editor",
  thesaurus =    "Document image processing; Electronic publishing; Text
                 editing",
}

@Manual{Kotz:1990:GTV,
  author =       "David Kotz",
  title =        "{GNUPLOT \LaTeX} Tutorial Version 2.0",
  organization = "Computer Science Department, Duke University",
  address =      "Durham, NC, USA",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Williams:1990:GIP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Krishnamurthy:1990:BSP,
  author =       "S. M. Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "A brief survey of papers on scheduling for pipelined
                 processors",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "97--106",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Most microprocessors introduced into the market employ
                 pipelining to enhance execution speed. Moreover, many
                 of these processors use multiple pipelined functional
                 units. This paper surveys several heuristics reported
                 in the literature on the topic of code optimization and
                 reordering for exploiting instruction level parallelism
                 in pipelined processors. Five methods are described in
                 detail and several others are briefly reviewed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Clemson Univ., SC, USA",
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C5220
                 (Computer architecture); C6110 (Systems analysis and
                 programming)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "Code optimization; DAG; GNU instruction scheduler;
                 Instruction level parallelism; Microprocessors; MIPS-X
                 reorganiser; Multiple pipelined functional units;
                 Pipelined processors; Scheduling",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Optimisation; Parallel programming; Pipeline
                 processing; Reviews; Scheduling",
}

@Book{Lewis:1990:GEL,
  author =       "Bil Lewis and Daniel LaLiberte and {GNU Manual
                 Group}",
  title =        "{GNU} Emacs Lisp reference manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "1.03",
  pages =        "xiv + 570",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-10-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-10-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "GNU Emacs Version 18 for UNIX users.",
  keywords =     "Emac Lisp (Computer program language); GNU Emacs
                 (Computer program); Text editors (Computer programs)",
}

@InProceedings{Li:1990:CTC,
  author =       "C.-C. J. Li and W. K. Fuchs",
  title =        "{CATCH} --- compiler-assisted techniques for
                 checkpointing",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1990:DPF",
  pages =        "74--81",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A compiler-based approach to generating efficient
                 checkpoints for process recovery is described. The
                 presented approach to checkpointing is programmer,
                 operating system, and hardware transparent.
                 Compile-time information is exploited to maintain the
                 desired checkpoint interval and to reduce the size of
                 checkpoints. Compiler-generated sparse potential
                 checkpoint code is used to maintain the desired
                 checkpoint interval. Adaptive checkpointing has been
                 developed to reduce the size of checkpoints by
                 exploiting potentially large variations in memory
                 usage. A training technique is used in selecting the
                 low-cost, high-coverage potential checkpoints. Since
                 the potential checkpoint selection problem is
                 NP-complete, a heuristic algorithm has been developed
                 to obtain a quick suboptimal solution. These
                 compiler-assisted checkpointing techniques have been
                 implemented in a modified version of the GNU C (GCC)
                 compiler version of 1.34. Experiments utilizing the
                 CATCH GCC compiler on SUN workstations are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Center for Reliable and High-Performance Comput.,
                 Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA",
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing); C6110B (Software
                 engineering techniques)",
  keywords =     "CATCH; Checkpointing; Compiler-assisted techniques;
                 GNU C; Heuristic algorithm; NP-complete; Process
                 recovery; Sparse potential checkpoint code; SUN
                 workstations; Training technique",
  thesaurus =    "Computational complexity; Fault tolerant computing;
                 Software engineering",
}

@Article{Minsky:1990:SP,
  author =       "M. Minsky and J. McCarthy and R. S. Boyer and R.
                 Stallman and S. Garfinkel",
  title =        "Software patents",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "56, 58, 62, 65--67, 70--73",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 09:11:02 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib; UnCover
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C0230B (Legal aspects)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "Copyright; Patents; Software patents",
  thesaurus =    "Computer software; Industrial property; Legislation",
}

@InProceedings{Muller:1990:PAU,
  author =       "H. Muller and J. Winckler and S. Grzybek and M. Otte
                 and B. Stoll and F. Equoy and N. Higelin",
  title =        "{PASTIS}-program animation using {X}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1990:EXW",
  pages =        "104--111",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The software animation system PASTIS (Program
                 Animation System with Interactive Solutions) for
                 program animation with emphasis on the visualization of
                 the dynamic behavior of algorithms and data structures
                 is presented. Its main properties are unmodified source
                 code of the visualized program, concurrent multiple and
                 hierarchical views on algorithms and data structures,
                 and interactive alterations of views during run time.
                 The interface between program and animations is a
                 relational data model. PASTIS is distinguished by high
                 modularity and strict separation of its components.
                 This makes it particularly suitable for distributed
                 computing environments. A prototype of PASTIS was
                 implemented under UNIX using the GNU source level
                 debugger gdb and the X-window system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. fur Inf., Freiburg Univ., Germany",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130B (Graphics
                 techniques); C6180G (Graphical user interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Algorithms; Concurrent views; Data structures;
                 Distributed computing environments; Dynamic behavior;
                 Gdb; GNU source level debugger; Hierarchical views;
                 Interactive alterations; Modularity; PASTIS; Program
                 animation; Relational data model; Software animation
                 system; UNIX; Visualization; X-window system",
  thesaurus =    "Computer animation; Data structures; Graphical user
                 interfaces; Visual programming",
}

@InProceedings{Olsson:1990:DAG,
  author =       "Ronald A. Olsson and Richard H. Crawford and W. Wilson
                 Ho",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1990 Usenix Summer Conference,
                 Anaheim, CA",
  title =        "Dalek: {A GNU}, Improved Programmable Debugger",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "221--232",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/debug.bib; Misc/usenix.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Olsson:1990:DGI,
  author =       "Ronald A. Olsson and Richard H. Crawford and W. Wilson
                 Ho",
  title =        "{Dalek}: {A GNU}, Improved Programmable Debugger",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1990:PSU",
  pages =        "221--232",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:24:24 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "University of California --- Davis",
}

@InProceedings{Schmidt:1990:GPH,
  author =       "D. C. Schmidt",
  title =        "gperf: a perfect hash function generator",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1990:UCC",
  pages =        "87--101",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "gperf is a perfect hash function generator written in
                 C++. It translates an $n$-element user-specified
                 keyword set $W$ into a perfect hash function $F$. $F$
                 uniquely maps keywords in $W$ onto the range $ 0 \ldots
                 {}k - 1 $, where $ k \ge {}n $. If $ k = n $ then $F$
                 is a minimal perfect hash function. gperf generates a
                 $k$-element static lookup table and either a pair of C
                 functions or a C++ class. The generated code determines
                 whether any particular string $s$ occurs in $W$, using
                 at most one probe into the lookup table. gperf
                 currently generates the reserved keyword recognizer for
                 lexical analyzers in several production and research
                 compilers and language processing tools, including GNU
                 C, GNU C++, GNU Pascal, GNU Modula 3, and GNU indent.
                 The paper provides an overview of perfect hashing and
                 discusses the impact of C++ on the overall program
                 design and maintenance effort. It also describes the
                 interface, features, and implementation strategies
                 incorporated in gperf and presents the results from an
                 empirical comparison between gperf-generated
                 recognizers and several other typical reserved word
                 lookup techniques.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Inf. and Comput. Sci., California Univ.,
                 Irvine, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6120 (File
                 organisation)",
  keywords =     "C++; Compilers; GNU C; GNU C++; GNU indent; GNU Modula
                 3; GNU Pascal; Gperf; Language processing tools;
                 Lexical analyzers; Perfect hash function generator;
                 Perfect hashing; Program design; Static lookup table;
                 User-specified keyword set",
  thesaurus =    "C language; File organisation; Object-oriented
                 programming; Table lookup",
}

@Article{Schumacker:1990:UIS,
  author =       "F. Schumacker",
  title =        "User-friendly interface with a set of {LOTOS} tools",
  journal =      j-BULL-SCI-ASSOC-INGEN-ELECTRICIENS-MONTEFIORE,
  volume =       "103",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--20",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "BURMA2",
  ISSN =         "0302-2676",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-2676",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "In the context of the SEDOS project (software
                 environment for the design of open distributed
                 systems), the author reviews the status of software
                 tools for a formal description language based on
                 extended concepts of calculus of communicating systems
                 (CCS) rather than extended-state machine modelling. The
                 objective is to assess the feasibility of an integrated
                 workstation for use by students of a computer network
                 protocol course. Advantages of the algebraic approach
                 to LOTUS (language of temporal ordering specification)
                 are enumerated, and the process of protocol development
                 is explained. Six tools, ranging from a syntax verifier
                 to a specification simulator, are described and
                 attempts at integration summarised. The broad outline
                 of the proposed workstation is sketched, and a
                 prototype leading to a user-friendly interface by way
                 of the SunView graphics integrator is discussed. The
                 GNU Emacs LISP syntactic editor is utilised with some
                 adaptation for an Integrated LOTOS Toolset program
                 written mainly in C.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Li{\`e}ge Univ., Belgium",
  classification = "C0220 (Education and training); C5430
                 (Microcomputers); C5540 (Terminals and graphic
                 displays); C5620 (Computer networks and techniques);
                 C6115 (Programming support)",
  fjournal =     "Bulletin Scientifique de l'Association des
                 Ing{\'e}nieurs Electriciens sortis de l'Institut
                 Electrotechnique Montefiore",
  keywords =     "C; Calculus of communicating systems; Computer network
                 protocol course; Formal description language; GNU Emacs
                 LISP syntactic editor; LOTOS; Open distributed systems;
                 SEDOS project; Software tools; Specification simulator;
                 Students; SunView graphics integrator; Syntax verifier;
                 User interfaces: educational courses; Workstation",
  language =     "French",
  pubcountry =   "Belgium",
  thesaurus =    "Educational courses; Protocols; Software packages;
                 Software tools; User interfaces; Workstations",
}

@Article{Smith:1990:EET,
  author =       "Norman E. Smith",
  title =        "Emulating {EMACS} with {TPU}",
  journal =      j-VAX-PROF,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "22--26",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "VAXPEN",
  ISSN =         "8750-9628",
  ISSN-L =       "8750-9628",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The EMACS text editor provides mnemonic commands and
                 split-screen editing. The paper discusses TEMACS, which
                 implements much of the EMACS text editor command
                 structure in TPU. It runs on a computer system
                 comprising a VAXcluster, an HSC-50/RA-81/RA-82 disk
                 farm and several terminal servers connected with
                 Ethernet. The cluster runs VMS Version 4.7.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sci. Applications Int. Corp., Oak Ridge, TN, USA",
  classification = "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  fjournal =     "The VAX professional",
  keywords =     "EMACS text editor; Ethernet; HSC-50/RA-81/RA-82 disk
                 farm; Mnemonic commands; Split-screen editing; TEMACS;
                 Terminal servers; TPU; VAXcluster; VMS Version 4.7",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Text editing",
}

@InProceedings{Thompson:1990:KLEa,
  author =       "T. Thompson",
  title =        "{Keynote} --- a language and extensible graphic editor
                 for music",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1990:PWU",
  pages =        "89--100",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Keynote is a programming language for manipulating and
                 generating music and MIDI-compatible equipment. It was
                 developed for and in the style of the UNIX software
                 system-an application-specific 'little language' and
                 interactive shell. Most obviously used for algorithmic
                 music composition, Keynote also serves as a more
                 general utility for realtime and non-realtime MIDI data
                 manipulation. By adding only a few built-in functions
                 to the language, a graphic interface was added to
                 Keynote. This built-in graphic interface did not,
                 however, build-in any particular user interface. All of
                 the nested pop-up menus and operations of a graphical
                 music editor have been implemented in the Keynote
                 language itself. The result is an extensible tool,
                 similar in spirit to the Lisp-based extensibility of
                 emacs and easily modified and enhanced by end users.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT and T Bell Labs., Holmdel, NJ, USA",
  classification = "C6130B (Graphics techniques); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150J (Operating systems); C6180 (User
                 interfaces); C7820 (Humanities)",
  keywords =     "Algorithmic music composition; Built-in functions;
                 Emacs; Extensible graphic editor; Extensible tool;
                 General utility; Graphic interface; Graphical music
                 editor; Interactive shell; Keynote; Lisp-based
                 extensibility; Little language; MIDI-compatible
                 equipment; Musical instrument digital interface; Nested
                 pop-up menus; Non-realtime MIDI data manipulation;
                 Programming language; UNIX software system",
  thesaurus =    "Graphical user interfaces; High level languages;
                 Music; UNIX",
}

@Article{Thompson:1990:KLEb,
  author =       "T. Thompson",
  title =        "{Keynote} --- a language and extensible graphic editor
                 for music",
  journal =      j-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "331--357",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "CMSYE2",
  ISSN =         "0895-6340",
  ISSN-L =       "0895-6340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:13:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Keynote is a programming language for manipulating and
                 generating music with MIDI-compatible equipment. It was
                 designed for and in the style of the UNIX software
                 system, as an application-specific 'little language'
                 and interactive shell. Most obviously used for
                 algorithmic music composition, Keynote also serves as a
                 more general utility for non-realtime and realtime MIDI
                 data manipulation. By adding only a few functions to
                 the language, a graphic interface was recently added.
                 This built-in graphic interface did not, however,
                 build-in any particular user interface. All the nested
                 pop-up menus and operations of a graphical music editor
                 have been implemented in the Keynote language itself.
                 The result is an extensible tool, similar in spirit to
                 the Lisp-based extensibility of emacs, easily modified
                 and enhanced by end users.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT and T Bell Lab., Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "B6450F (Sound synthesisers); C6130B (Graphics
                 techniques); C6140D (High level languages); C6180 (User
                 interfaces); C7820 (Humanities)",
  fjournal =     "Computing Systems",
  keywords =     "Algorithmic music composition; Emacs; Extensible
                 graphic editor; Extensible tool; Generating music;
                 Graphic interface; Keynote; MIDI data manipulation;
                 MIDI-compatible equipment; Music; Nested pop-up menus;
                 Programming language; UNIX software system",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Computer aided analysis; Computer graphics; High level
                 languages; Music; User interfaces",
}

@InProceedings{Tiemann:1990:EHI,
  author =       "M. D. Tiemann",
  title =        "An exception handling implementation for {C++}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1990:UCC",
  pages =        "215--232",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Outlines a design for an exception handling mechanism
                 that has been implemented in GNU C++, a free,
                 native-code C++ compiler. Various alternatives for
                 handling exceptions are presented. An abstraction is
                 derived which solves problems with existing C/C++
                 solutions. The abstraction is flexible, type-safe,
                 works in a mixed language execution environment. Two
                 implementations are presented: one which can be
                 implemented by a C++ to C translator, the other which
                 can be implemented to run efficiently under a
                 native-code compiler. The paper concludes with a brief
                 survey of other exception handling designs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  keywords =     "Abstraction; C++ compiler; C++ to C translator;
                 Exception handling mechanism; GNU C++; Mixed language
                 execution environment; Native-code compiler",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Error handling; Object-oriented
                 programming; Program compilers",
}

@Article{Wendt:1990:FCG,
  author =       "Alan L. Wendt",
  title =        "Fast code generation using automatically-generated
                 decision trees",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "9--15",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-364-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-364-5",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:15:53 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/pldi/93542/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pldi/93542/p9-wendt/",
  abstract =     "Several recent code generators [4,5,6,8] use DAG
                 rewriting rules to accomplish both code generation and
                 peephole optimization, and they compile these rules
                 into hard code to generate code quickly. The chop
                 system [6], for example, runs twice as fast as both pcc
                 and the GNU C compiler gcc on a Sun 3/50 system and
                 generates comparable code. These figures are for entire
                 compilers; the code generators themselves run about
                 seven times faster than comparable code generators.
                 This paper describes a new system, currently under
                 development, that further increases the speed of
                 automatically-generated retargetable code generation.
                 It offers two principal advantages over its
                 predecessors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Colorado State Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Fort Collins, CO, USA",
  annote =       "Published as part of the Proceedings of PLDI'90.",
  classification = "722; 723",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '90 Conference on
                 Programming Language Design and Implementation",
  conferenceyear = "1990",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  journalabr =   "SIGPLAN Not",
  keywords =     "algorithms; Code Generation; Computer Operating
                 Systems --- Program Compilers; Computer Programming
                 Languages; Decision Trees; Design; performance;
                 theory",
  meetingaddress = "White Plains, NY, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Jun 20--22 1990",
  meetingdate2 = "06/20--22/90",
  sponsor =      "Assoc for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group
                 on Programming Languages",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Code generation. {\bf D.3.4} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Compilers. {\bf
                 F.4.2} Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND
                 FORMAL LANGUAGES, Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems.
                 {\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Optimization.",
}

@Manual{Williams:1990:GIP,
  author =       "Thomas Williams and Colin Kelley and John Campbell and
                 David Kotz and Russell Lang",
  title =        "{GNUPLOT}\emdash An Interactive Plotting Program",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  day =          "31",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Available in several Internet archives, including the
                 Free Software Foundation collection on
                 \path|prep.ai.mit.edu|. GNUPLOT can produce output for
                 many different devices, including {\LaTeX} picture
                 mode, {\PS}, and the X Window System. See also
                 \cite{Kotz:1990:GTV}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Withers:1990:CG,
  author =       "Robert Withers",
  title =        "{CUG333 gAWK}",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "8",
  type =         "CUG New Release",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "126--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Yang:1990:ERP,
  author =       "Y. Yang",
  title =        "Experimental rapid prototype of undo support",
  journal =      j-INFO-SOFTWARE-TECH,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "625--635",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "ISOTE7",
  ISSN =         "0950-5849 (print), 1873-6025 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0950-5849",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Rapid prototyping techniques and informal evaluation
                 methods were used to improve the design of an
                 undo-support facility in GNU Emacs. The paper
                 elucidates that prototyping strategy, which used a
                 production system architecture. The configuration of
                 the prototype is outlined and the ways in which its
                 components interact with each other described.
                 Techniques to construct each component are then
                 discussed. After the prototype was built, an informal
                 post-mortem evaluation was conducted. The results of
                 this evaluation are analysed and their implications
                 explored.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Inf., Rutherford Appleton Lab., UK",
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  fjournal =     "Information and Software Technology",
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs; Informal evaluation methods; Production
                 system architecture; Rapid prototype",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Systems analysis",
}

@Article{Bagley:1991:ATI,
  author =       "S. C. Bagley and G. E. Kopec",
  title =        "Applications of text image editing",
  journal =      j-PROC-SPIE,
  volume =       "1460",
  pages =        "71--79",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "PSISDG",
  ISSN =         "0277-786X (print), 1996-756X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0277-786X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper presents several applications illustrating
                 an approach to scanned text processing in which
                 document processing operations are performed on image
                 elements extracted from the scanned document image. The
                 central and novel insight is that many document
                 processing operations may be implemented directly by
                 geometrical operations on image blobs, without explicit
                 knowledge of the symbolic character labels (that is,
                 without automatic character recognition). The
                 applications are implemented as part of Image EMACS, an
                 editor for binary document images, and include editing
                 multilingual documents, reformatting text to a new
                 column width, differential comparison of two versions
                 of a document, and preprocessing an image prior to
                 character recognition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Xerox Palo Alto Res. Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the SPIE --- The International Society
                 for Optical Engineering",
  keywords =     "Binary document images; Document processing
                 operations; Geometrical operations; Image blobs; Image
                 elements; Image EMACS; Preprocessing; Scanned document
                 image; Scanned text processing; Text image editing",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Document image processing; Text editing",
}

@TechReport{Beebe:1991:ESa,
  author =       "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
  title =        "{\LaTeX} Editing Support",
  institution =  inst-CSC,
  address =      inst-CSC:adr,
  pages =        "28",
  day =          "07",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/beebe-nelson-h-f.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Beebe:1991:ESb}.",
}

@TechReport{Beebe:1991:ESb,
  author =       "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
  title =        "{\LaTeX} Editing Support",
  institution =  inst-CSC,
  address =      inst-CSC:adr,
  pages =        "69",
  day =          "07",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/beebe-nelson-h-f.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "This is an on-line Emacs INFO version of part of
                 \cite{Beebe:1991:ESa}.",
}

@InProceedings{Bowen:1991:HMC,
  author =       "D. E. Bowen and A. C. Beers",
  title =        "A highly-portable {Modula-2} compiler",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1991:SIM",
  pages =        "68--76",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 29 08:26:55 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A Modula-2 front-end to the GNU compiler system is
                 described. The GNU compiler is a highly optimized four
                 step system with clean interfaces for both the front-
                 and back-ends. It is designed to run on machines with
                 32 bit CPUs and configured to run primarily under the
                 UNIX operating system. Because of the clean interface,
                 this front-end will be able to take advantage of over a
                 dozen back-ends currently available and will also
                 provide a platform for porting Modula-2 to a new
                 architecture with minimal time and effort.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors); C6180
                 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Back-ends; Clean interfaces; CPUs; GNU compiler
                 system; Highly optimized four step system;
                 Highly-portable Modula-2 compiler; Modula-2 front-end;
                 New architecture; UNIX operating system",
  thesaurus =    "Modula; Program compilers; Software portability; User
                 interfaces",
}

@TechReport{Boyer:1991:ACP,
  author =       "Robert S. Boyer and Yuan Yu",
  title =        "{AUTOMATED CORRECTNESS PROOFS OF MACHINE CODE PROGRAMS
                 FOR A COMMERCIAL MICROPROCESSOR}",
  number =       "TR-91-33",
  institution =  "University of Texas, Austin",
  address =      "Austin, TX, USA",
  pages =        "15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Techreports/university-of-texas-austin.bib",
  note =         "prize ($ \backslash $ \$1.50).",
  abstract =     "We have formally specified a substantial subset of the
                 MC68020, a widely used microprocessor built by
                 Motorola, within the mathematical logic of the
                 automated reasoning system Nqthm, i.e., the
                 Boyer--Moore Theorem Prover. Using this MC68020
                 specification, we have mechanically checked the
                 correctness of MC68020 machine code programs for
                 Euclid's GCD, Hoare's Quick Sort, binary search, and
                 other well-known algo- rithms. The machine code for
                 these examples was generated using the Gnu C and the
                 Verdix Ada compilers. We have developed an extensive
                 library of proven lemmas to facilitate automated
                 reasoning about machine code programs. We describe a
                 two stage methodology we use to do our machine code
                 proofs.",
  keywords =     "Automated reasoning Nqthm Boyer--Moore Theorem Prover
                 formal program verification object code Gnu C Ada.",
}

@Book{Cameron:1991:LGE,
  author =       "Debra Cameron and Bill Rosenblatt",
  title =        "Learning {GNU} Emacs",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xxvii + 411",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-937175-84-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-937175-84-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49 C35 1991",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 14 22:43:25 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/han-wri-mat-sci-2ed.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ora.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780937175842",
  abstract =     "GNU Emacs is the most popular and widespread of the
                 Emacs family of editors. It is also the most powerful
                 and flexible. (Unlike all other text editors, GNU Emacs
                 is a complete working environment --- you can stay
                 within Emacs all day without leaving.) This book tells
                 you how to get started with the GNU Emacs editor. It
                 will also ``grow'' with you: as you become more
                 proficient, this book will help you learn how to use
                 Emacs more effectively. It will take you from basic
                 Emacs usage (simple text editing) to moderately
                 complicated customization and programming. Topics
                 covered include: Using Emacs to read and write
                 electronic mail. Using Emacs as a ``shell
                 environment.'' How to take advantage of ``built-in''
                 formatting features. Customizing Emacs. Whys and hows
                 of writing macros to circumvent repetitious tasks.
                 Emacs as a programming environment. The basics of Emacs
                 LISP. The Emacs interface to the X Window System. How
                 to get Emacs. The book is aimed at new Emacs users,
                 whether or not they are programmers. Also useful for
                 readers switching from other Emacs implementations to
                 GNU Emacs. Covers Version 18.57 of the GNU Emacs
                 editor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  shorttableofcontents = "1: Emacs Basics / 1 \\
                 2: Editing Files / 22 \\
                 3: Search and Replace Operations / 49 \\
                 4: Using Buffers and Windows / 74 \\
                 5: Emacs as a Work Environment 9 / 5 \\
                 6: Simple Text Formatting and Specialized Editing / 136
                 \\
                 7: Using Emacs with UNIX Text Formatters / 175 \\
                 8: Writing Macros / 197 \\
                 9: Customizing Emacs / 214 \\
                 10: Emacs For Programmers / 230 \\
                 11: Emacs LISP Programming / 259 \\
                 12: Emacs for the X Window System / 302 \\
                 13: Online Help / 318 \\
                 Appendix A: How to Get Emacs / 330 \\
                 Appendix B: Making Emacs Work the Way You Think It
                 Should / 336 \\
                 Appendix C: Emacs Variables / 338 \\
                 Appendix D: Emacs LISP Packages / 347 \\
                 Appendix E: Bugs and Bug Fixes : / 353 \\
                 Appendix F: Public Statements / 355 \\
                 The GNU General Public License / 355 \\
                 General Public License, Version 1 / 356 \\
                 General Public License, Version 2 / 362 \\
                 GNU Manifesto / 369 \\
                 The League for Programming Freedom / 369 \\
                 Appendix G: Give and It Shall Be Given / 372 \\
                 Appendix H: Quick Reference / 373 \\
                 Index / 383",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / xvi \\
                 Why Read This Book? / xvi \\
                 Which Emacs is Which? / xviii \\
                 GNU Emacs and the Free Software Foundation / xix \\
                 An Approach to Learning Emacs / xxi \\
                 What We Haven't Included / xxiii \\
                 Conventions Used in This Handbook / xxiv \\
                 Emacs Commands / xxiv \\
                 Examples / xxv \\
                 Font Usage / xxvi \\
                 Acknowledgments / xxvii \\
                 1: Emacs Basics / 1 \\
                 Introducing Emacs! / 1 \\
                 Understanding Files and Buffers / 3 \\
                 A Word about Modes / 4 \\
                 Starting Emacs / 6 \\
                 About the Emacs Screen / 7 \\
                 Emacs Commands / 8 \\
                 Reading a File / 9 \\
                 Letting Emacs Fill in the Blanks 1 / 1 \\
                 Inserting and Appending Files / 12 \\
                 How Emacs Chooses a Default Directory 1 / 3 \\
                 Saving Files : 1 / 3 \\
                 Leaving Emacs / 14 \\
                 Temporarily Suspending Emacs / 14 \\
                 Customizing Emacs and its Pitfalls 1 / 5 \\
                 Getting Help / 17 \\
                 Summary / 19 \\
                 Problem Checklist / 20 \\
                 2: Editing Files / 22 \\
                 Text Mode and Fill Mode / 23 \\
                 What Happens Without Fill Mode / 23 \\
                 Moving the Cursor / 24 \\
                 Repeating Commands / 25 \\
                 Other Ways to Move the Cursor / 27 \\
                 Moving a Screen (or More) at a Time / 29 \\
                 Redisplaying the Screen / 30 \\
                 Deleting Text 3 / 1 \\
                 Recovering What You've Deleted / 32 \\
                 Marking Text to Delete, Move, or Copy / 35 \\
                 Copying Text / 38 \\
                 More about the Kill Ring / 39 \\
                 Reformatting Paragraphs / 40 \\
                 Stopping and Undoing Commands / 41 \\
                 Stopping Commands / 42 \\
                 Undoing Changes / 42 \\
                 Backup Files / 43 \\
                 Editing Tricks and Shortcuts / 44 \\
                 Fixing Transpositions / 44 \\
                 Capitalization / 45 \\
                 Typing over Old Text with Overwrite Mode / 47 \\
                 Problem Checklist / 47 \\
                 3: Search and Replace Operations / 49 \\
                 Different Kinds of Searches 4 / 9 \\
                 Incremental Search 5 / 1 \\
                 Simple Searches / 54 \\
                 Word Search 5 / 5 \\
                 Search and Replace 5 / 5 \\
                 Simple Search and Replace Operations / 56 \\
                 Query-replace / 57 \\
                 Recursive Editing / 59 \\
                 Are Emacs Searches Case-sensitive? / 60 \\
                 Regular Expressions for Search and Replacement
                 Operations 6 / 1 \\
                 Checking Spelling 6 / 3 \\
                 Word Abbreviation Mode / 67 \\
                 Trying Word Abbreviations for One Session / 69 \\
                 Making Word Abbreviations Part of Your Startup / 70 \\
                 Deleting a Word Abbreviation / 70 \\
                 Disabling Word Abbreviations / 71 \\
                 Abbreviations and Capitalization / 72 \\
                 4: Using Buffers and Windows / 74 \\
                 Files, Buffers, and Windows / 74 \\
                 Working with Multiple Buffers / 76 \\
                 Saving Multiple Buffers / 78 \\
                 Deleting Buffers 7 / 8 \\
                 Renaming Buffers / 79 \\
                 Read-only Buffers 8 / 0 \\
                 Getting a List of Buffers 8 / 0 \\
                 Working with the Buffer List / 82 \\
                 Working with Windows 8 / 5 \\
                 Creating Horizontal Windows 8 / 6 \\
                 Creating Vertical or Side-by-side Windows / 87 \\
                 Moving Between Windows 8 / 8 \\
                 Getting Rid of Windows 9 / 0 \\
                 Growing Windows and Shrinking Them 9 / 0 \\
                 Shortcut Commands for Working with Other Windows / 92
                 \\
                 Comparing Files Between Windows / 92 \\
                 Displaying Buffers from the Buffer List 9 / 4 \\
                 5: Emacs as a Work Environment 9 / 5 \\
                 Working with Mail 9 / 6 \\
                 Sending Mail from within Emacs 9 / 6 \\
                 Executing UNIX Commands in Shell Windows / 118 \\
                 Using Shell Mode / 122 \\
                 Working with Directories / 128 \\
                 Getting into Dired / 128 \\
                 Deleting Files with Dired / 130 \\
                 Copying and Renaming Files with Dired / 131 \\
                 Printing from Emacs / 133 \\
                 Reading Man Pages from Emacs / 134 \\
                 Using Your Emacs Work Environment / 135 \\
                 6: Simple Text Formatting and Specialized Editing / 136
                 \\
                 Indenting Text / 137 \\
                 Using Tabs / 137 \\
                 Using Fill Prefixes / 142 \\
                 Indented Text Mode / 144 \\
                 Indenting Regions / 146 \\
                 Some Other Tricks / 146 \\
                 Centering Text / 148 \\
                 Inserting Page Breaks / 150 \\
                 Rectangle Editing / 150 \\
                 Making Simple Drawings / 157 \\
                 Drawing in Picture Mode / 158 \\
                 Editing in Picture Mode / 161 \\
                 Using Rectangle Commands in Picture Mode / 166 \\
                 Using Outline Mode / 168 \\
                 Entering Outline Mode / 169 \\
                 Hiding and Showing Text / 170 \\
                 Editing While Text is Hidden / 173 \\
                 Customizing Outline Mode / 174 \\
                 7: Using Emacs with UNIX Text Formatters / 175 \\
                 Comments / 176 \\
                 Finding Headings 17 / 7 \\
                 Marking Up Text for troff and nroff / 177 \\
                 Paragraph Formatting / 178 \\
                 Navigation / 179 \\
                 Macro Pairs / 180 \\
                 Making nroff Mode Part of Your Startup / 182 \\
                 Marking Up Text for TeX and LaTeX / 183 \\
                 Matching Braces / 183 \\
                 Quotation Marks and Paragraphing / 186 \\
                 Comments / 187 \\
                 Processing and Printing Text / 187 \\
                 Differences for LaTeX Mode / 188 \\
                 Marking Up Text for Scribe / 189 \\
                 Marking Environments / 190 \\
                 Marking Fonts / 193 \\
                 Tabs, Quotation Marks, and Parentheses / 194 \\
                 8: Writing Macros / 197 \\
                 What is a Macro? / 197 \\
                 Defining a Macro / 198 \\
                 Tips for Creating Good Macros / 201 \\
                 A More Complicated Macro Example / 203 \\
                 Adding to an Existing Macro / 204 \\
                 Naming and Saving Your Macros / 205 \\
                 Executing a Macro You've Named / 206 \\
                 Building More Complicated Macros / 207 \\
                 Pausing a Macro for Keyboard Input / 208 \\
                 Adding a Query to a Macro / 210 \\
                 Beyond Macros / 212 \\
                 9: Customizing Emacs / 214 \\
                 Keyboard Customization / 215 \\
                 Getting Around Flow-control Problems / 218 \\
                 Special Keys / 220 \\
                 Terminal Support / 223 \\
                 Emacs Variables / 226 \\
                 Emacs LISP Packages / 227 \\
                 Auto-mode Customization / 228 \\
                 10: Emacs For Programmers / 230 \\
                 Language Modes / 231 \\
                 Syntax / 232 \\
                 Formatting / 233 \\
                 C Mode / 237 \\
                 Etags / 242 \\
                 The LISP Modes / 244 \\
                 FORTRAN Mode / 252 \\
                 11: Emacs LISP Programming / 259 \\
                 Introduction to LISP / 260 \\
                 Basic LISP Entities / 261 \\
                 Defining Functions / 263 \\
                 Turning LISP Functions into Emacs Commands / 266 \\
                 LISP Primitive Functions / 269 \\
                 Statement Blocks / 270 \\
                 Control Structures / 271 \\
                 Useful Built-in Emacs Functions / 274 \\
                 Buffers, Text, and Regions / 274 \\
                 Regular Expressions / 276 \\
                 Functions that Use Regular Expressions / 284 \\
                 Finding Other Built-in Functions / 285 \\
                 Programming a Major Mode / 286 \\
                 Components of a Major Mode / 287 \\
                 More LISP Basics : Lists / 289 \\
                 The Calculator Mode / 290 \\
                 LISP Code for the Calculator Mode / 292 \\
                 Customizing Existing Modes / 295 \\
                 Building Your Own LISP Library / 299 \\
                 Byte-compiling LISP Files / 301 \\
                 12: Emacs for the X Window System / 302 \\
                 Invoking Emacs under X / 303 \\
                 Command Line and .X11Startup Options / 304 \\
                 .Xdefaults File / 306 \\
                 Mouse Commands / 307 \\
                 Creating Mouse Commands / 312 \\
                 Creating Popup Menus / 314 \\
                 13: Online Help / 318 \\
                 Completion / 319 \\
                 Customizing Completion / 321 \\
                 Help Commands / 322 \\
                 Detail Information / 323 \\
                 Apropos Commands / 325 \\
                 General Information / 327 \\
                 Help in Complex Emacs Commands / 328 \\
                 Appendix A: How to Get Emacs / 330 \\
                 FTP on Internet 33 / 1 \\
                 Uucp on UUNET / 332 \\
                 Magnetic Media / 334 \\
                 MS-DOS Versions of Emacs / 335 \\
                 Appendix B: Making Emacs Work the Way You Think It
                 Should / 336 \\
                 Appendix C: Emacs Variables / 338 \\
                 Appendix D: Emacs LISP Packages / 347 \\
                 Appendix E: Bugs and Bug Fixes : / 353 \\
                 Appendix F: Public Statements / 355 \\
                 The GNU General Public License / 355 \\
                 General Public License, Version 1 / 356 \\
                 General Public License, Version 2 / 362 \\
                 GNU Manifesto / 369 \\
                 The League for Programming Freedom / 369 \\
                 Appendix G: Give and It Shall Be Given / 372 \\
                 Appendix H: Quick Reference / 373 \\
                 Index / 383",
}

@Book{Chamberlain:1991:LBB,
  author =       "Steve Chamberlain",
  title =        "{LIB BFD}, the {Binary File Descriptor} library",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 12:03:33 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Chassell:1991:TGD,
  author =       "Robert J. Chassell and Richard Stallman",
  title =        "Texinfo: the {GNU} documentation format: edition
                 2.04",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "viii + 220",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program); Software documentation.;
                 Texinfo.",
}

@Article{Chatterjee:1991:EOD,
  author =       "A. Chatterjee and A. Khanna and Y. Hung",
  title =        "{ES}-Kit: an object-oriented distributed system",
  journal =      j-CPE,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "525--539",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CPEXEI",
  ISSN =         "1040-3108 (print), 1096-9128 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3108",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the design, implementation, and
                 performance of ES-Kit, a distributed object-oriented
                 system being developed by the Experimental Systems
                 Project at the Microelectronics and Computer Technology
                 Corporation. The operating system consists of a kernel
                 and a set of public service objects which dynamically
                 extend the functionality of the kernel by providing
                 several traditional operating system services when
                 required by application objects. Applications for the
                 ES-Kit environment are written in GNU C++ and do not
                 require additional language primitives for distributed
                 execution. Initial performance results from a
                 representative set of applications indicate that the
                 object-oriented paradigm provides a powerful solution
                 to distributed programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Exp. Syst. Lab., Microelectron. and Comput. Technol.
                 Corp., Austin, TX, USA",
  classification = "C5220 (Computer architecture); C5620 (Computer
                 networks and techniques); C6110J (Object-oriented
                 programming)",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency, practice and experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1532-0634/issues",
  keywords =     "Design; ES-Kit; Functionality; GNU C++;
                 Implementation; Kernel; Object-oriented distributed
                 system; Operating system; Performance; Public service
                 objects",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Distributed processing; Object-oriented programming",
}

@Manual{Close:1991:GM,
  author =       "Diane Barlow Close",
  title =        "The {GAWK} manual",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "0.13, version 2.13",
  pages =        "vii + 186",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-15-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-15-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "AWK (Computer program language) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.; GNU Emacs --- Handbooks, manuals, etc.;
                 Text editors (Computer programs) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.",
}

@InProceedings{Conte:1991:BC,
  author =       "T. M. Conte and W. W. Hwu",
  title =        "Benchmark characterization",
  crossref =     "Milutinovic:1991:PTA",
  pages =        "365--372 (vol. 1)",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The design of experimental systems usually employ some
                 form of simulation. The inputs to the simulation are
                 typically standard benchmarks. This paper presents a
                 method for finding a cost-effective design for each
                 benchmark. This method is called benchmark
                 characterization. Benchmark characterization is
                 possible in part due to the advent of high-performance
                 architecture-independent compiler technology. To
                 demonstrate the method, seven benchmarks are
                 characterized. Five of the benchmarks are from the SPEC
                 benchmark set (gcc, espresso, spice, li and matrix300)
                 and two are popular synthetic benchmarks (dhrystone and
                 whetstone). Benchmark characteristics are reported for
                 the processor, memory system, and operating system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Center for Reliable and High-Performance Comput.,
                 Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA",
  classification = "C5470 (Performance evaluation and testing); C6150J
                 (Operating systems)",
  keywords =     "Abstract performance; Benchmark characterization;
                 Dhrystone; Espresso; Gcc; High-performance
                 architecture-independent compiler technology; Li;
                 Matrix300; Memory system; Operating system; SPEC
                 benchmark set; Spice; TLB; Translation lookaside buffer
                 requirements; Whetstone",
  thesaurus =    "Buffer storage; Performance evaluation; Storage
                 management",
}

@Misc{Cooke:1991:EAS,
  author =       "Chris Cooke",
  title =        "{Emacs} --- a survival guide",
  month =        "[9]",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/IMMD_IV.bib",
}

@Article{Davidson:1991:GCC,
  author =       "Andrew Davidson",
  title =        "Generic containers in {C++}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "50, 52, 124--125",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "DDJSDM",
  ISSN =         "0884-5395",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib; UnCover
                 database",
  abstract =     "A common problem in object-oriented design is creating
                 and controlling collections, sets, or groups of
                 objects. Object class designers would ideally like to
                 focus on the atomic aspects of the object abstraction,
                 ignoring the secondary problem of maintaining and
                 controlling collections of these objects, wanting to
                 implement this control structure in a generic and
                 reusable fashion. This article presents a method for
                 creating generic lists of objects in C++ with code
                 developed on an Intel 80486 using GNU g++ 1.37 under
                 SCO UNIX System V Release 3.2.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "C++; Generic containers; GNU g++ 1.37; Intel 80486;
                 Object abstraction; Object-oriented design; SCO UNIX
                 System V",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "C language; C listings; Object-oriented programming;
                 UNIX",
}

@Article{Denning:1991:USV,
  author =       "Dorothy E. Denning and Donn B. Parker and Steven Levy
                 and Eugene Spafford and Paula Hawthorn and Marc
                 Rotenberg and J. J. Buck BloomBecker and Richard
                 Stallman",
  title =        "The {United States} vs. {Craig Neidorf}: a debate on
                 electronic publishing, {Constitutional} rights and
                 hacking",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22--43",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 30 09:41:10 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/IMMD_IV.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0001-0782/102869.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "legal aspects; security",
  subject =      "{\bf K.4.1}: Computing Milieux, COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY,
                 Public Policy Issues. {\bf K.4.2}: Computing Milieux,
                 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY, Social Issues. {\bf K.5.2}:
                 Computing Milieux, LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING,
                 Governmental Issues, Regulation. {\bf H.4.3}:
                 Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS,
                 Communications Applications, Bulletin boards.",
}

@InProceedings{Dollin:1991:HT,
  author =       "D. Dollin",
  title =        "The {HP-ST} toolset",
  crossref =     "Prehn:1991:VFS",
  pages =        "687--688",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The HP-ST toolset allows a specifier to construct a
                 specification document which contains mixed text and
                 HP-SL specifications. The toolset can be used in either
                 batch mode, when it is invoked as a collection of UNIX
                 Commands, or in interactive mode, when it is invoked
                 via an editing interface such as that provided by
                 Emacs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Eng. Dept., Hewlett--Packard Labs., Bristol,
                 UK",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6115
                 (Programming support)",
  keywords =     "Batch mode; Editing interface; HP-ST toolset;
                 Interactive mode; Specification document; UNIX
                 Commands",
  thesaurus =    "Formal specification; Software tools; Specification
                 languages",
}

@Article{Farris:1991:GYF,
  author =       "Rick Farris",
  title =        "{Get Yer Free Software Here!}",
  journal =      j-UNIX-WORLD,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "95--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  ISSN =         "0739-5922",
  ISSN-L =       "0739-5922",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 06:20:21 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "There's a lot of free UNIX software available, but the
                 trick is knowing how to get it. This tutorial shows you
                 how",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "UNIX/world",
}

@Book{Finseth:1991:CTE,
  author =       "Craig A. Finseth",
  title =        "The Craft of Text Editing: {Emacs} for the Modern
                 World",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 220",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-387-97616-7 (New York), 3-540-97616-7 (Berlin)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-97616-7 (New York), 978-3-540-97616-5
                 (Berlin)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49 F56 1991",
  MRclass =      "68-01, 68U15",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 14 22:48:42 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  note =         "Contains extensive discussion of design issues for
                 text editors, with examples from Emacs. Appendix B
                 gives sources of numerous Emacs implementations.
                 Appendix D summarizes the TECO command set.",
  ZMnumber =     "0810.68012",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not yet in my library.",
}

@Article{Jolitz:1991:PUT,
  author =       "W. F. Jolitz and L. G. Jolitz",
  title =        "Porting {UNIX} to the 386: three initial {PC}
                 utilities",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "54, 56, 58--61, 111--112, 114--115",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "DDJSDM",
  ISSN =         "0884-5395",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Explains how to write PC utilities that allow open to
                 initially load the first programs and data onto a 386
                 target host. With this in mind, the authors examine
                 code from three PC-based utilities-BOOT.EXE, CPFS.EXE,
                 and CPSW.EXE-that facilitate the basic access to the
                 hardware from MS-DOS needed to begin a UNIX port.
                 BOOT.EXE executes a GCC-compiled program (using the
                 Free Software Foundation's GNU C compiler) in protected
                 mode from MS-DOS. CPFS.EXE installs a root filesystem
                 on to the hard disk. CPSW.EXE copies files to a shared
                 portion of disk so that MS-DOS and UNIX can exchange
                 information. In examining these areas, the authors
                 illustrate how the UNIX bootstrap process functions,
                 because these programs mimic that process to a great
                 degree.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150E (General utility programs); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "386 Based host microcomputer; 80386 Microprocessor;
                 BOOT.EXE; Bootstrap process; CPFS.EXE; CPSW.EXE; Data
                 exchange; GCC-compiled program; GNU C compiler; MS-DOS;
                 PC utilities; Protected mode; Root filesystem; Shared
                 portion; Software porting; UNIX",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "C listings; Computer bootstrapping; Electronic data
                 interchange; Microcomputer applications; Software
                 portability; UNIX; Utility programs",
}

@Article{Kotz:1991:CG,
  author =       "David Kotz",
  title =        "{CUG334 GNUPLOT}",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "9",
  type =         "CUG Library Update",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "110--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1991",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Lallemand:1991:DAD,
  author =       "E. Lallemand",
  title =        "Development of an aid to definition of data types in
                 {LOTOS}",
  journal =      j-BULL-SCI-ASSOC-INGEN-ELECTRICIENS-MONTEFIORE,
  volume =       "104",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--19",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "BURMA2",
  ISSN =         "0302-2676",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-2676",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The LOTOS standardised formal specification language
                 is summarised and the problem of overlong descriptions
                 preventing concise treatment of complex systems is
                 addressed. Extensions of the language allowing short
                 definitions of most data types used in current
                 specifications are defined. A Data Facility Compiler
                 which translates these extensions into standard LOTOS
                 is proposed, and its integration into Schumacker's
                 (1990) Integrated LOTOS Toolset between the EMACS
                 editor and SCLOTOS syntactic analyser is explained. A
                 source specification using the defined extensions and
                 its translation by the proposed tool are appended.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. Montefiore, Li{\`e}ge Univ., Belgium",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6120 (File
                 organisation); C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "Bulletin Scientifique de l'Association des
                 Ing{\'e}nieurs Electriciens sortis de l'Institut
                 Electrotechnique Montefiore",
  keywords =     "Data Facility Compiler; EMACS editor; Integrated LOTOS
                 Toolset; LOTOS; SCLOTOS syntactic analyser;
                 Standardised formal specification language",
  language =     "French",
  pubcountry =   "Belgium",
  thesaurus =    "Program processors; Software tools; Specification
                 languages",
}

@MastersThesis{Li:1991:CEC,
  author =       "Ping-Hsuan Li",
  title =        "Classifying {Emacs} commands for a better user
                 interface",
  type =         "Thesis (M.S.)",
  school =       "University of Florida",
  address =      "Gainesville, FL, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 52",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Liu:1991:OFA,
  author =       "Sying-Syang Liu and Roger Ogando and Norman Wilde",
  title =        "The Object Finder: a Design Recovery Tool",
  number =       "SERC-TR-46-F",
  institution =  "Software Engineering Research Centre",
  address =      "????",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Techreports/software-engineering-research-centre.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a design recovery tool, the
                 object finder. The goal of the object finder is to aid
                 an analyst or maintainer in recovering certain kinds of
                 design principles and system structures from source
                 code. The object finder looks for clusters of
                 data,structures and routines, that are analogous to the
                 objects and object classes of object- oriented
                 programming. The object finder is built on GNU Emacs.
                 The output of the identified objects can be either in a
                 textual form or in a graphical form. A user will be
                 able to identify high level design knowledge by
                 reviewing the identified objects. In this paper, we
                 describe the design principles, user interface, and the
                 implementation of the object finder.",
}

@Article{Morris:1991:CPC,
  author =       "W. G. Morris",
  title =        "{CCG}: a prototype coagulating code generator",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "45--58",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "CCG is a prototype code generator based on
                 coagulation. Coagulation orders code generation using a
                 run-time profile for the program being compiled. By
                 treating busy parts of a program first and using the
                 strategy of local optimality, CCG maximizes the benefit
                 of careful instruction selection, register allocation
                 and interprocedural optimization while avoiding
                 unnecessary data movement in busy sections. Coagulation
                 radically alters standard techniques for code
                 generation, achieving highly efficient code with
                 graph-coloring register allocation or peephole
                 optimization. Experimental results showing an average
                 25\% improvement over the GNU C compiler suggest that
                 compilation order is crucial and that coagulation can
                 outperform current code generator technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Options Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "Busy parts; Busy sections; Careful instruction
                 selection; CCG; Compilation order; Current code
                 generator technology; Graph-coloring register
                 allocation; Highly efficient code; Interprocedural
                 optimization; Local optimality; Prototype coagulating
                 code generator; Register allocation; Run-time profile",
  thesaurus =    "Application generators; Optimisation; Program
                 compilers; Software tools",
}

@TechReport{Motl:1991:UMG,
  author =       "Mark B. Motl and Bart Childs",
  title =        "A User's Manual for {GNU Emacs}' Web-mode",
  type =         "\path|ftp.cs.tamu.edu:/pub/tex-web/web/DOCs|",
  institution =  "Texas A\&M University",
  address =      "College Station, TX, USA",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 17:50:49 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-bc,
}

@Article{Muller:1991:PAS,
  author =       "H. Muller and J. Winckler and S. Grzybek and M. Otte
                 and B. Stoll and F. Equoy and N. Higelin",
  title =        "The program animation system {PASTIS}",
  journal =      j-J-VIS-COMP-ANIMATION,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--33",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "JVCAEO",
  ISSN =         "1049-8907 (print), 1099-1778 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1049-8907",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The software animation system PASTIS (Program
                 Animation System with Interactive Solutions) for
                 program animation with emphasis on the visualization of
                 the dynamic behaviour of algorithms and data structures
                 is presented. Its main properties are unmodified source
                 code of the visualized program, concurrent multiple
                 views on algorithms and data structures, and
                 interactive alterations of views during run time.
                 PASTIS is distinguished by high modularity and strict
                 separation of its components. This makes it
                 particularly suitable for distributed computing
                 environments. The interface between program and
                 animation is a relational data model. Animations are
                 directed by a single tuple, or sets of tuples, called
                 relations, or sets of relations, called networks.
                 Animations can be nested hierarchically. A prototype of
                 PASTIS was implemented under UNIX using the GNU source
                 level debugger gdb and the X-window system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. fur Inf., Freiburg Univ., Germany",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6180G (Graphical user
                 interfaces)",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation",
  keywords =     "Algorithms; Concurrent multiple views; Data
                 structures; Distributed computing environments; Dynamic
                 behaviour; Gdb; GNU source level debugger; PASTIS;
                 Program animation; Relational data model; Software
                 animation system; UNIX; Unmodified source code;
                 X-window system",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Computer animation; Graphical user interfaces;
                 Software tools; Visual programming",
}

@Book{Oram:1991:MPM,
  author =       "Andrew Oram and Steve Talbott",
  title =        "Managing Projects with Make",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xiv + 136",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-937175-90-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-937175-90-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 T35 199",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:49:41 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ora.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780937175903;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/make2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not yet in my library.",
  shorttableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 1: How to write a simple Makefile \\
                 2: Macros \\
                 3: Suffix rules \\
                 4: Commands \\
                 5: Project management \\
                 6: Command-line usage and special targets \\
                 7: Troubleshooting \\
                 Appendix A: Quick reference \\
                 Appendix B: Popular extensions \\
                 Appendix C: Features that differ between variants of
                 make \\
                 Index",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / ix \\
                 The Value of make / x \\
                 Lessons from make / xi \\
                 Variants / xi \\
                 Scope of This Book / xii \\
                 Getting Automated Tests / xiii \\
                 FTP / xiii \\
                 FTPMAIL / xiv \\
                 BITFTP / xv \\
                 UUCP / xvi \\
                 Conventions Used in This Handbook / xvi \\
                 Acknowledgments / xvii \\
                 1: How to Write a Simple Makefile / 1 \\
                 The Description File / 2 \\
                 Dependency Checking / 3 \\
                 Minimizing Rebuilds / 4 \\
                 Invoking make / 5 \\
                 Basic Rules of Syntax / 7 \\
                 2: Macros / 9 \\
                 Syntax Rules / 10 \\
                 Internally Defined Macros / 12 \\
                 Macro Definitions on the Command Line / 13 \\
                 Shell Variables / 13 \\
                 Priority of Macro Assignments / 14 \\
                 Relying on Environment Variables for Defaults / 16 \\
                 Macro String Substitution / 18 \\
                 Internal Macros for Prerequisites and Targets / 19 \\
                 3: Suffix Rules / 23 \\
                 What is a Suffix Rule? / 24 \\
                 Command Options / 26 \\
                 Internal Macros / 27 \\
                 Commands Supported by Default Suffix Rules / 28 \\
                 Fortran and Pascal / 28 \\
                 SCCS and RCS / 29 \\
                 Libraries (Archives) / 33 \\
                 Using Parentheses for Library Modules / 35 \\
                 A Library Example / 36 \\
                 Maintaining Libraries / 37 \\
                 The Double Colon / 37 \\
                 lex and yacc / 38 \\
                 The Null Suffix / 39 \\
                 How to Display Defaults / 39 \\
                 Generating the Display / 40 \\
                 What the Display Means / 40 \\
                 Writing Your Own Suffix Rules / 48 \\
                 A Sample Collection of Suffix Rules / 49 \\
                 Nullifying Rules / 54 \\
                 Conflicts With Default Suffixes / 56 \\
                 4: Commands / 57 \\
                 Filename Pattern Matching / 58 \\
                 Effects of Newlines on Commands / 59 \\
                 Errors and Exit Status / 61 \\
                 Which Shell? / 64 \\
                 5: Project Management / 67 \\
                 Dummy Targets / 68 \\
                 Recursive make on Directories / 70 \\
                 General Tips on Recursive make / 72 \\
                 Other Techniques for Multiple Directories / 74 \\
                 Directories in Internal Macros / 74 \\
                 Viewpath (VPATH Macro) / 75 \\
                 Compiler Options and #ifdef directives / 78 \\
                 Forcing Remakes / 80 \\
                 Maintaining Multiple Variants Through Explicit Targets
                 / 83 \\
                 Maintaining Multiple Variants in Different Directories
                 / 83 \\
                 Maintaining Variants Through Suffix Rules / 85 \\
                 Header Files / 85 \\
                 Global Definitions (include Statement) / 88 \\
                 Distributed Files and NFS Issues / 89 \\
                 6: Command-line Usage and Special Targets / 93 \\
                 Description Filenames / 94 \\
                 Status Information and Debugging / 94 \\
                 Errors and File Deletion / 96 \\
                 The MAKEFLAGS Macro / 96 \\
                 Miscellaneous Features Affecting Defaults / 97 \\
                 7: Troubleshooting / 99 \\
                 Debugging a Build (-d Option) / 99 \\
                 Syntax Errors / 101 \\
                 Don't Know How to Make / 101 \\
                 Target Up to Date / 102 \\
                 Command Not Found, or Cannot Load / 103 \\
                 Syntax Errors in Multi-line Commands / 105 \\
                 Inconsistent Lines, or Too Many Lines / 106 \\
                 Unrecognized Macros / 107 \\
                 Default Rules Ignored / 108 \\
                 Appendix A: Quick Reference / 109 \\
                 Command Line / 109 \\
                 Description File Lines / 110 \\
                 Macros / 112 \\
                 Internal Macros / 112 \\
                 Macro Modifiers / 113 \\
                 Macro String Substitution / 113 \\
                 Macros with Special Handling / 113 \\
                 Special Target Names / 113 \\
                 Appendix B: Popular Extensions / 115 \\
                 mk and nmake / 116 \\
                 GNU make / 118 \\
                 make / 119 \\
                 makedepend / 122 \\
                 shape / 123 \\
                 Parallel and Distributed Implementations / 125 \\
                 Appendix C: Features That Differ Between Variants of
                 make / 127 \\
                 Background / 128 \\
                 List of Differences / 128 \\
                 Tests You Can Run / 130 \\
                 Macro String Substitution / 130 \\
                 File and Directory Macros / 130 \\
                 Target Name as $$<at> on Dependency Lines / 130 \\
                 Parenthesis Syntax for Libraries / 131 \\
                 Single-suffix Rules and .sh Rules / 132 \\
                 Default Shell / 133 \\
                 MAKE and MAKEFLAGS Macros / 134 \\
                 include Statement / 134 \\
                 VPATH / 134 \\
                 Index / 137",
}

@Article{Parker:1991:CDD,
  author =       "Donn D. Parker and Stephen Levy and Eugene Spafford
                 and Paula Hawthorn and Marc Rotenberg and J. J. Buck
                 BloomBecker and Richard Stallman",
  title =        "Colleagues Debate {Denning}'s Comments",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33--41",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Sidebar in \cite{Denning:1991:USV}.",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Parker:1991:MNE,
  author =       "Tim Parker",
  title =        "Moving Up to New Editors",
  journal =      j-UNIX-REVIEW,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "69--75",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "UNRED5",
  ISSN =         "0742-3136",
  ISSN-L =       "0742-3136",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:32:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "a/Soft Development Inc.'s nu/TPU, Bradford Business
                 Systems' SpeedEdit, Buzzwords International's
                 Professional Edit, Iliad Group's PI Edit, and UniPress
                 Software's Emacs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "UNIX review",
}

@Book{Raymond:1991:NHD,
  author =       "Eric Raymond",
  title =        "The New Hacker's Dictionary",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 433",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-262-68069-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-262-68069-1",
  LCCN =         "PN6231.E4 H3 1991",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 28 14:37:02 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/unix.2.bib; Os/unix.2.bib",
  note =         "This book corresponds to version 2.9.6 of the on-line
                 jargon file. The latest (at the time of writing) is
                 version 2.9.12 (\path|jargon2912.txt.z|) which is
                 available by anonymous {\tt ftp} from
                 \path|prep.ai.mit.edu| (in \path|/pub/gnu|) or
                 \path|wuarchive.wustl.edu| (in \path|mirrors/gnu|).
                 Changes since the publication of this book can be found
                 in the file \path|jargon-upd.z|. (\path|*.z| are files
                 compressed by GNU {\tt zip} ({\tt gzip})).",
  acknowledgement = ack-sk,
}

@TechReport{Schmidt:1991:CES,
  author =       "Heinz W. Schmidt and Stephen M. Omohundro",
  title =        "{CLOS}, {Eiffel}, and {Sather}: a Comparison",
  number =       "TR-91-047",
  institution =  "International Computer Science Institute",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Techreports/ICSI.bib",
  abstract =     "The Common Lisp Object System defines a powerful and
                 flexible type system which builds on more than 15 years
                 of experience with object-oriented programming. Most
                 current implementations include a comfortable suite of
                 Lisp support tools including an Emacs lisp editor, an
                 interpreter, an incremental compiler, a debugger, and
                 an inspector which together promote rapid prototyping
                 and design. What else might one want from a system? We
                 argue that static typing yields earlier error
                 detection, greater robustness, and higher efficiency
                 and that greater simplicity and more orthogonality in
                 the language constructs leads to a shorter learning
                 curve and more intuitive programming. These elements
                 can be found in Eiffel and a new object-oriented
                 language, Sather, that we are developing at ICSI.
                 Language simplicity and static typing are not for free,
                 though. Programmers have to pay with loss of
                 polymorphism and flexibility in prototyping. We give a
                 short comparison of CLOS, Eiffel and Sather, addressing
                 both language and environment issues. The different
                 approaches taken by the languages described in this
                 paper have evolved to fulfill different needs. While we
                 have only touched on the essential differences, we hope
                 that this discussion will be helpful in understanding
                 the advantages and disadvantages of each language.",
}

@InProceedings{Schurr:1991:PTH,
  author =       "A. Schurr",
  title =        "{PROGRESS}-editor: a text-oriented hybrid editor for
                 programmed graph rewriting systems",
  crossref =     "Ehrig:1991:GGT",
  pages =        "67",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Summary form only given. The language progress is, as
                 far as is known, the first strongly typed language
                 which is based on the concepts of programmed graph
                 rewriting systems. Currently, an integrated programming
                 support environment for this language, including a
                 syntax-directed editor and an interpreter, is under
                 construction. The design and implementation of this
                 environment is based on previous experiences with the
                 realization of the integrated project support
                 environment IPSEN. Thus, attributed graphs are used for
                 the internal representation of documents, and the
                 language PROGRESS has been used to 'specify' parts of
                 the PROGRESS environment's implementation
                 (bootstrapping). Up to now, the implementation of the
                 first version of a syntax-directed, text-oriented
                 hybrid editor has been finished. This editor consists
                 of the following main components: a menu-driven,
                 syntax-directed editor, an integrated emacs-like text
                 editor, an incrementally working multiple-entry parser,
                 an incrementally working unparser (pretty-printer), a
                 layout editor, and a demand-driven, incrementally
                 working type-checker.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Lehrstuhl fur Inf., Aachen Univ. of Technol.,
                 Germany",
  classification = "C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics); C4210 (Formal
                 logic); C6115 (Programming support); C6130D (Document
                 processing techniques); C6140D (High level languages)",
  keywords =     "Attributed graphs; Bootstrapping; Demand-driven;
                 Incrementally working multiple-entry parser;
                 Incrementally working type-checker; Incrementally
                 working unparser; Integrated emacs-like text editor;
                 Integrated programming support environment; Integrated
                 project support environment; Interpreter; IPSEN; Layout
                 editor; Menu-driven; Pretty-printer; Programmed graph
                 rewriting systems; Strongly typed language;
                 Syntax-directed editor; Text-oriented hybrid editor",
  thesaurus =    "Graph theory; High level languages; Programming
                 environments; Project support environments; Rewriting
                 systems; Text editing",
}

@Article{Stephens:1991:ILP,
  author =       "C. Stephens and B. Cogswell and J. Heinlein and G.
                 Palmer and J. P. Shen",
  title =        "Instruction level profiling and evaluation of the {IBM
                 RS}\slash 6000",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "180--189",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Reports preliminary results from using goblin, a new
                 instruction level profiling system, to evaluate the IBM
                 RISC System/6000 architecture. The evaluation presented
                 is based on the Systems Performance Evaluation
                 Cooperative (SPEC) benchmark suite. Each SPEC program
                 (except GCC) is processed by goblin to produce an
                 instrumented version. During execution of the
                 instrumented program, profiling routines are invoked
                 which trace the execution of the program. These
                 routines also collect statistics on dynamic instruction
                 mix, branching behavior, and resource utilization.
                 Based on these statistics, the actual performance and
                 the architectural efficiency of the RS/6000 are
                 evaluated. A comparison with the DECStation 3100 is
                 also presented. The evaluation indicates that for the
                 SPEC benchmark suite the architecture of the RS/6000 is
                 well balanced and exhibits impressive performance,
                 especially on the floating-point intensive
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Electr. and Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon
                 Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C5220 (Computer architecture); C5470 (Performance
                 evaluation and testing)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  keywords =     "Architectural efficiency; Branching behavior;
                 DECStation 3100; Dynamic instruction mix;
                 Floating-point intensive applications; Goblin; IBM RISC
                 System/6000 architecture; IBM RS/6000; Instruction
                 level profiling system; Instrumented version;
                 Performance evaluation; Program execution tracing;
                 Resource utilization; SPEC benchmark suite; Statistics;
                 Systems Performance Evaluation Cooperative",
  thesaurus =    "Computer architecture; IBM computers; Performance
                 evaluation; Reduced instruction set computing",
}

@Article{Valdes:1991:LLB,
  author =       "R. Valdes",
  title =        "Little languages, big questions",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "16--18, 20, 22, 25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "DDJSDM",
  ISSN =         "0884-5395",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The most widely used programming language is Lotus
                 1-2-3 Macro Language. A very large number of people use
                 it, and get worthwhile results every day. Why such a
                 puny language claims so large an audience might be a
                 mystery to those ensconced in whether multiple
                 inheritance in C++ is a Good Thing. Nevertheless, it's
                 useful to look at how little languages were used in the
                 past, and how they are used in the software field
                 today. Some of this may cause you to rethink your past
                 allegiances. The author looks at such languages as lex,
                 yacc, TECO and EMACS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140E (Other programming languages)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "EMACS; Lex; Little languages; Lotus 1-2-3 Macro
                 Language; Software; TECO; Yacc",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Macros; Programming languages",
}

@InProceedings{Wiil:1991:IDE,
  author =       "U. K. Wiil",
  title =        "Issues in the design of {EHTS}: a multiuser hypertext
                 system for collaboration",
  crossref =     "Milutinovic:1991:PTH",
  pages =        "629--639 (vol. 2)",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper describes the architecture, issues from the
                 design, and experiences from the use of EHTS (Emacs
                 hyper text system), a multiuser hypertext system for
                 collaboration. EHTS consists of a text editor, a
                 graphical browser, and an active hypertext database
                 named HyperBase. HyperBase is built on the
                 client-server model and has been designed especially to
                 support collaboration among its users, by providing an
                 event mechanism and a fine-grained lock mechanism.
                 Events from HyperBase are used to notify the editor and
                 browser about important actions on the shared data,
                 enabling them to monitor changes. Four categories of
                 issues from the design and experiences from the use of
                 EHTS are reported: architecture, collaboration, user
                 interface, and data model. Based on experiences with
                 the client-server model, the author suggests a new and
                 improved architecture for the event driven multiuser
                 hypertext system. One major lesson learned is that
                 events and fine-grained locks can provide powerful
                 support for data sharing among multiple users
                 simultaneously working in the same environment. The
                 need for a flexible data model is another lesson
                 learned. It is difficult to predict what data model
                 objects actually will be needed, when the data model is
                 designed before the user interface.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Aalborg Univ., Denmark",
  classification = "C6150N (Distributed systems); C6160Z (Other DBMS);
                 C6180 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Active hypertext database; Client-server model;
                 Collaboration; Data model; Data sharing; EHTS; Emacs
                 hyper text system; Event driven multiuser hypertext
                 system; Event mechanism; Fine-grained lock mechanism;
                 Flexible data model; Graphical browser; HyperBase;
                 Multiuser hypertext system; Text editor; User
                 interface",
  thesaurus =    "Database management systems; Groupware; Hypermedia;
                 User interfaces",
}

@Article{Wiil:1991:UES,
  author =       "U. K. Wiil",
  title =        "Using events as support for data sharing in
                 collaborative work",
  journal =      j-INFORMATIK-INFORMATIONEN-REPORTE,
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  ISSN =         "0233-2582",
  ISSN-L =       "0233-2582",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:09:12 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Data sharing is fundamental to computer-supported
                 cooperative work. The paper describes how the use of
                 events and fine grained locks, especially events, can
                 provide powerful support for simultaneous sharing. The
                 description is based on experience with a prototype
                 hypertext system-Emacs HyperText System-and on
                 observations from the literature. Three issues that
                 comes up with simultaneous sharing: access contention,
                 real-time monitoring, and real-time communication, are
                 given special interest in the paper. It is described
                 how events and fine grained locks can remedy these
                 issues in general and in practice-examples from the use
                 of events and fine grained locks in EHTS are given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Math. and Comput. Sci., Aalborg Univ.,
                 Denmark",
  classification = "C6160Z (Other DBMS)",
  fjournal =     "Informatik, Informationen Reporte",
  issue =        "no.4 p. 162-76",
  keywords =     "Access contention; Collaborative work; Data sharing;
                 Emacs HyperText System; Events; Fine grained locks;
                 Hypertext system; Real-time communication; Real-time
                 monitoring; Simultaneous sharing",
  thesaurus =    "Database management systems; Groupware; Hypermedia;
                 Multi-access systems",
}

@Article{Yasumura:1991:CSC,
  author =       "M. Yasumura and M. Arisawa and N. Saito",
  title =        "A case study of computer literacy education",
  journal =      j-JOHO-SHORI,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1310--1317",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "JOSHA4",
  ISSN =         "0447-8053",
  ISSN-L =       "0447-8053",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Describes a study of computing undertaken at the
                 Shonan Fujisawa Campus, including instruction on: UNIX
                 4.3 BSD; X Windows; NFS; Emacs; EGG; LaTeX; TeXDraw;
                 Pascal; Kermit; MS-DOS; and strategic information
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Fac. of Environ. Inf., Keio Univ., Shonan Fujisawa,
                 Japan",
  classification = "C0220 (Education and training)",
  fjournal =     "Joho-Shori (J. Information Processing Soc. Japan)",
  keywords =     "Case study; Computer literacy education; EGG; Emacs;
                 Instruction; Kermit; LaTeX; MS-DOS; NFS; Pascal; Shonan
                 Fujisawa Campus; Strategic information systems;
                 TeXDraw; UNIX 4.3 BSD; X Windows",
  language =     "Japanese",
  pubcountry =   "Japan",
  thesaurus =    "Computer science education",
}

@TechReport{Zien:1991:XXF,
  author =       "Jason Zien and Jackson Kong and Pak K. Chan and
                 Martine Schlag",
  title =        "{XS-XILINX 2000/3000 FPGA} Simulator",
  type =         "ucsc-crl-91-42",
  institution =  "University of California, Santa Cruz",
  address =      "Santa Cruz, CA, USA",
  pages =        "39",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Techreports/university-of-california-santa-cruz.bib",
  note =         "prize ($ \backslash $ \$5.00).",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cse.ucsc.edu/pub/tr/ucsc-crl-91-42.ps.Z;
                 mailto::rnalib@ftp.cs.ucsc.edu",
  abstract =     "With the growing complexity of Field-Programmable Gate
                 Arrays (FPGA), there is the growing need for
                 sophisticated design tools to provide higher level
                 abstractions for managing large designs. It is not
                 enough to be able to create large designs; it is also
                 necessary to test and debug them. Debugging FPGA
                 designs on the circuit board is an awkward task, since
                 the designer can only access the input/output pins of
                 the chip. XS provides the designer with the ability to
                 simulate and debug circuit designs quickly, and with
                 access to all internal nets. XS is a batch-mode,
                 unit-delay, event-driven logic simulator written in Gnu
                 C++ for verification of designs under the unix X-window
                 environment. We exploit certain properties in XILINX
                 XC2000/3000/4000 architectures to enhance the
                 performance as well as the accuracy of the simulator.
                 This report serves the dual purposes of being the USER
                 GUIDE as well as documenting the development of XS.",
}

@Book{Abrahams:1992:UI,
  author =       "Paul W. Abrahams and Bruce R. Larson",
  title =        "{UNIX} for the Impatient",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xxvii + 559",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-201-55703-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-55703-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 A27 1992",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 4 11:54:00 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/unix.2.bib; Os/unix.2.bib",
  note =         "Excellent, and thorough, coverage of {UNIX}, with
                 chapters on the file system, utilities, shells,
                 editors, Emacs, data manipulation, mail, network
                 communications and resources, the X Window System, and
                 a comparison of {MS-DOS} and {UNIX}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Aleksander:1992:CCN,
  author =       "I. Aleksander",
  title =        "Capturing consciousness in neural systems",
  crossref =     "Aleksander:1992:ANN",
  pages =        "17--22 (vol. 1)",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "It is argued that rather than being an unavailable and
                 abstract concept, consciousness can be captured by
                 well-stated postulates. Five such postulates are stated
                 in this paper and the relationship between these and
                 the properties of a general neural unit (GNU) are
                 discussed. It is shown that neural models can be said
                 to capture consciousness provided that controlled
                 amounts of noise can be judiciously injected into the
                 system. It is also argued that language-like behaviour
                 and planning can only be achieved if the state of the
                 GNU is partitioned.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Electr. and Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll. of
                 Sci. Technol. and Med., London, UK",
  classification = "C1230D (Neural nets); C1240 (Adaptive system
                 theory)",
  keywords =     "Consciousness; General neural unit; Language-like
                 behaviour; Neural models; Neural systems; Noise;
                 Planning",
  thesaurus =    "Neural nets; Planning [artificial intelligence]",
}

@Book{Anderson:1992:LUG,
  author =       "E. Anderson and Z. Bai and C. Bischof and J. Demmel
                 and J. Dongarra and J. {Du Croz} and A. Greenbaum and
                 S. Hammarling and A. McKenney and S. Ostrouchov and D.
                 Sorensen",
  title =        "{LAPACK} Users' Guide",
  publisher =    pub-SIAM,
  address =      pub-SIAM:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 235",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-89871-294-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89871-294-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F25 L36 1992",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 14 22:36:17 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook2.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Part 1: Guide / 1 \\
                 1: Essentials / 3 \\
                 2: Contents of LAPACK / 7 \\
                 3: Performance of LAPACK / 34 \\
                 4: Accuracy and Stability / 44 \\
                 5: Documentation and Software Conventions / 61 \\
                 6: Installing LAPACK Routines / 71 \\
                 7: Troubleshooting / 75 \\
                 A: Index of Driver and Computational Routines / 79 \\
                 B: Index of Auxiliary Routines / 89 \\
                 C: Quick Reference Guide to the BLAS / 96 \\
                 D: Converting from LINPACK or EISPACK / 101 \\
                 E: LAPACK Working Notes / 109 \\
                 Bibliography / 112 \\
                 Index / 116 \\
                 Part 2: Specifications of Routines / 119",
}

@InProceedings{Arceneaux:1992:PGS,
  author =       "J. Arceneaux and M. Tiemann and D. V. Henkel-Wallace",
  title =        "The portability of {GNU} software",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1992:PSE",
  pages =        "89--103",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "In June of 1987, GNU C version 1.0 was released by the
                 Free Software Foundation. Since that time, it has been
                 ported to about 50 host environments and generates code
                 for about 20 machine architectures. The authors
                 describe 4 portability case studies based on well-known
                 GNU software packages: Emacs, GDB, GCC, and BFD. The
                 case studies present the initial design specifications,
                 the evolution of the design over time, factors that
                 influenced (or mandated) changes to the package, and
                 experience in applying the lessons learned in the
                 design of subsequent programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Free Software Found., San Francisco, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  keywords =     "BFD; Emacs; GCC; GDB; GNU C version 1.0; GNU software
                 packages; Software portability",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Software portability",
}

@InProceedings{Boyer:1992:ACP,
  author =       "R. S. Boyer and Yuan Yu",
  title =        "Automated correctness proofs of machine code programs
                 for a commercial microprocessor",
  crossref =     "Kapur:1992:ADC",
  pages =        "416--430",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The authors have formally specified a substantial
                 subset of the MC68020, a widely used microprocessor
                 built by Motorola, within the mathematical logic of the
                 automated reasoning system Nqthm i.e. the Boyer--Moore
                 Theorem Prover. Using this MC68020 specification, the
                 authors have mechanically checked the correctness of
                 MC68020 machine code programs for Euclid's GCD, Hoare's
                 Quick Sort, binary search, and other well-known
                 algorithms. The machine code for these examples was
                 generated using the GNU C and the Verdix Ada compilers.
                 The authors have developed an extensive library of
                 proven lemmas to facilitate automated reasoning about
                 machine code programs. The authors describe a two stage
                 methodology they use to do their machine code proofs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci. and Math., Texas Univ., Austin,
                 TX, USA",
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic); C5130 (Microprocessor chips);
                 C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  keywords =     "Automated reasoning system Nqthm; Automatic
                 correctness proofs; Binary search; Boyer--Moore Theorem
                 Prover; Commercial microprocessor; GCD; GNU C; Hoare's
                 Quick Sort; Machine code programs; Mathematical logic;
                 MC68020; Verdix Ada compilers",
  thesaurus =    "Formal specification; Microprocessor chips; Program
                 verification; Theorem proving",
}

@Article{Branagan:1992:BRG,
  author =       "Linda Branagan",
  title =        "Book Review: {GNU Emacs}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 20 15:42:13 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Conver Computer Corporation",
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Book{Cameron:1992:LGE,
  author =       "Debra Cameron and Bill Rosenblatt",
  title =        "Learning {GNU} Emacs",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-937175-84-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-937175-84-2",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/TUBScsd/1992.bib",
  descriptor =   "Emacs, Textprozessor, Unix",
}

@Article{Carlini:1992:GCC,
  author =       "Giuliano Carlini and Susan Rendina",
  title =        "Garbage Collection For {C} Programs",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "46--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:15:35 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib; UnCover
                 database",
  abstract =     "Garbage collection, which liberates you from needing
                 to explicitly free memory, is used languages like Lisp
                 and Smalltalk. In this article, our authors show you
                 how to implement conservative, yet efficient,
                 collection techniques in C.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@InProceedings{Charles:1992:LUP,
  author =       "H.-P. Charles",
  title =        "Loop unrolling for processors with instruction cache",
  crossref =     "Quinton:1992:APV",
  pages =        "311--316",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "In the well known compiler techniques domain, one can
                 reuse old optimising algorithms for newer processors.
                 The author unrolls the innermost loops with the GNU C
                 compiler for processor with instructions cache.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, France",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  keywords =     "GNU C compiler; Innermost loops; Instruction cache;
                 Loop unrolling; Optimising algorithms",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Instruction sets; Program compilers",
}

@Article{Farris:1992:MEU,
  author =       "Rick Farris",
  title =        "Modern Editors for {UNIX}",
  journal =      j-UNIX-WORLD,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--80",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1992",
  ISSN =         "0739-5922",
  ISSN-L =       "0739-5922",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:32:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Tired of vi or emacs? We test eight editors that make
                 life easier for people who need to work with text files
                 in DOS, UNIX, or other environments",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "UNIX/world",
}

@InProceedings{Foster:1992:EIH,
  author =       "C. E. {Foster, III} and H. C. Grossman",
  title =        "An empirical investigation of the {Haifa} register
                 allocation technique in the {GNU C} compiler",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1992:PIS",
  pages =        "776--779 (vol. 2)",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1992.202433",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 29 08:26:43 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Most register allocation techniques are based on a
                 graph coloring approach originally developed by G. J.
                 Chaitin (1981, 1982). The authors examine the Haifa
                 color/spill algorithm, which is a variant of Chaitin's
                 coloring algorithm, using a public domain compiler, the
                 GNU C compiler, on a variety of programs. Empirical
                 comparisons are made between the GNU C compiler's
                 register allocation and the Haifa algorithm.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Clemson Univ., SC, USA",
  classification = "C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics); C6120 (File
                 organisation); C6140D (High level languages); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  keywords =     "Coloring algorithm; GNU C compiler; Graph coloring
                 approach; Haifa color/spill algorithm; Public domain
                 compiler; Register allocation techniques",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Graph colouring; Program compilers;
                 Storage allocation",
}

@Article{Foundation:1992:CGC,
  author =       "Free Software Foundation and D. J. Delorie",
  title =        "{CUG359} --- {GNU C/C++} for 386",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "10",
  type =         "CUG New Release",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "117--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Granlund:1992:EBU,
  author =       "Torbj{\"o}rn Granlund and Richard Kenner",
  title =        "Eliminating branches using a superoptimizer and the
                 {GNU C} compiler",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "341--352",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-475-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-475-8",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7.S53 1992",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:22 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/pldi/143095/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pldi/143095/p341-granlund/",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an alternative technique for
                 constructing a superoptimizer, which is called the
                 Superoptimizer or GSO. Some sample results of the
                 superoptimizer are presented. The basic design and
                 structure of the GNU C compiler are discussed.
                 Subsequently it is shown as to how the results of the
                 superoptimizer were used to enable the GNU C compiler
                 to produce very compact code sequences on the RS\slash
                 6000.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Swedish Inst of Computer Science",
  affiliationaddress = "Kista, Swed",
  annote =       "Published as part of the Proceedings of PLDI'92.",
  classification = "723.1",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '92 Conference on
                 Programming Language Design and Implementation",
  conferenceyear = "1992",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  journalabr =   "SIGPLAN Not",
  keywords =     "algorithms; Compact code sequence generation; Computer
                 programming; design; GNU C compiler; GNU
                 superoptimizer; Program compilers",
  meetingaddress = "San Francisco, CA, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Jun 17--19 1992",
  meetingdate2 = "06/17--19/92",
  sponsor =      "ACM",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Compilers. {\bf D.3.4} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Optimization. {\bf
                 C.5.1} Computer Systems Organization, COMPUTER SYSTEM
                 IMPLEMENTATION, Large and Medium (``Mainframe'')
                 Computers, IBM RS/6000.",
}

@InProceedings{Hennessey:1992:WDE,
  author =       "W. Hennessey",
  title =        "{WCL}: delivering efficient {Common Lisp} applications
                 under {UNIX}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1992:PAC",
  pages =        "260--269",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 29 08:26:38 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Common Lisp implementations for UNIX have
                 traditionally provided a rich development environment
                 at the expense of an inefficient delivery environment.
                 The goal of WCL is to allow hundreds of Lisp
                 applications to be realistically available at once,
                 while allowing several of them to run concurrently. WCL
                 accomplishes this by providing Common Lisp as a UNIX
                 shared library that can be linked with Lisp and C code
                 to produce efficient applications. For example, the
                 executable for a Lisp version of the canonical 'Hello
                 World!' program requires only 40k bytes under SunOS 4.1
                 for SPARC. WCL also supports a full development
                 environment, including dynamic file loading and
                 debugging. A modified version of GDB, the GNU Debugger,
                 is used to debug WCL programs, providing support for
                 mixed language debugging. The techniques used in WCL
                 should also be applicable to other high-level languages
                 that allow runtime mappings from names to objects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Center for Design Res., Stanford Univ., CA, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and
                 evaluating systems); C6150J (Operating systems)",
  keywords =     "C code; Common Lisp applications; Development
                 environment; GDB; GNU Debugger; High-level languages;
                 Mixed language debugging; Runtime mappings; Shared
                 library; UNIX; WCL",
  thesaurus =    "LISP; Program debugging; UNIX",
}

@Article{Ingber:1992:GAS,
  author =       "L. Ingber",
  title =        "{GNU} aids small science in a big way",
  journal =      "GNU's Bulletin",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "9--10",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 14:38:22 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/i/ingber-lester.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
}

@Article{Johnson:1992:EPE,
  author =       "E. Johnson",
  title =        "Epsilon Programmer's Editor (software review)",
  journal =      j-COMP-HUM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "234--236",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "COHUAD",
  ISSN =         "0010-4817 (print), 1572-8412 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4817",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Designed for computer programmers, Epsilon is a text
                 editor that runs on MS-DOS microcomputers. It is
                 modeled after EMACS editors created for mini-computers
                 and workstations. It is a powerful and adaptable
                 editor, but it is ill-adapted to microcomputers, and it
                 can be very awkward and frustrating to use. Epsilon
                 runs on MS-DOS microcomputers with at least 256 K of
                 RAM and PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 2.0.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130D (Document
                 processing techniques); C7106 (Word processing)",
  fjournal =     "Computers and the Humanities",
  keywords =     "256 KB; Computer programmers; Epsilon; MS-DOS
                 microcomputers; PC-DOS; RAM; Software review; Text
                 editor",
  numericalindex = "Memory size 2.62E+05 Byte",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  thesaurus =    "Microcomputer applications; Software packages; Text
                 editing; Word processing",
}

@InProceedings{Kawaguti:1992:SDC,
  author =       "M. Kawaguti",
  title =        "A simple distributed computing system",
  crossref =     "Verkerk:1992:PIC",
  pages =        "877--880",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "An experimental prototype of a distributed computing
                 system was devised. It was written based solely on the
                 standard Berkeley UNIX and GNU software environment.
                 The user may control job dispatch based on the detailed
                 environmental information about remote hosts. Being
                 compact, efficient, and free from any artificial
                 constraints of proprietary software, it may offer a
                 handy alternative solution to diversified unorthodox
                 computational requirements. In favor of efficiency for
                 nearly homogeneous host configurations for dedicated
                 applications the issue of network transparency was
                 acknowledged only marginally.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Fukui Univ., Japan",
  classification = "C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  keywords =     "Distributed computing system; GNU; Network
                 transparency; Remote Job System; RJS; UNIX",
  thesaurus =    "Distributed processing; Software packages; UNIX",
}

@InProceedings{Kortright:1992:CCT,
  author =       "E. Kortright and D. Cordes",
  title =        "Cnest and Cscope: Tools for the literate programming
                 environment",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1992:PIS",
  pages =        "604--609 (vol. 2)",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The authors describe two tools for the literate
                 programming language Cweb: Cnest and Cscope. Cweb is a
                 Web programming environment for the programming
                 language C using the typesetting program {\TeX}. An
                 overview of Web is given. Cnest and Cscope operate
                 within the EMACS editing environment and provide
                 support both for the program developer and for the
                 maintenance programmer. Their implementations are
                 discussed in detail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  keywords =     "C; Cnest; Cscope; Cweb; EMACS editing environment;
                 Literate programming environment; Maintenance
                 programmer; Program developer; TEX; Typesetting
                 program; Web programming environment",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Programming environments; Software tools;
                 Text editing",
}

@Manual{Lea:1992:UGG,
  author =       "Doug Lea",
  title =        "User's guide to the {GNU C++} library: last updated 19
                 February, 1991 for version 1.39.0",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 134",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 31 08:43:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Leach:1992:MTP,
  author =       "J. Leach and S. Nieva",
  title =        "{MIZ-PR}: a theorem prover for polymorphic and
                 recursive functions",
  crossref =     "Voronkov:1992:LPA",
  pages =        "481--483",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "MIZ-PR supports a family of object languages based on
                 PLPR and parameterized by signature. PLPR is a
                 predicate logic using polymorphism and recursion, the
                 main singular properties of this logic are those
                 derived from the mu -operator, used to define
                 recursion, and from the type variables and type
                 constructors. The semantics of the recursive functions
                 is based on the fixpoint theory whereas the ideas for
                 the semantics of the polymorphism are near to those for
                 a Horn clause logic. With this computational logic as
                 object language, the automated deduction system
                 obtained is as a tool for proving mathematical theorems
                 as well as specifying and verifying properties of
                 functional programs. The system combines fully
                 automatic proof techniques with man-machine
                 interaction. In this way it embodies an interface
                 language to guide deductions, close to the language
                 used in mathematical reasonings. Using that interface
                 the user may also specify recursive functions and type
                 constructions as a usual recursive program
                 specification.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dpto. de Inf. y Automatica, Univ. Complutense de
                 Madrid, Spain",
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic); C6115 (Programming support);
                 C6170 (Expert systems)",
  keywords =     "Automated deduction system; EMACS; Fixpoint theory;
                 Functional programs; Horn clause logic; Interface
                 language; Man-machine interaction; Mathematical
                 theorems; MIZ-PR; Mu -operator; Object languages; PLPR;
                 Polymorphism; Predicate logic; Program specification;
                 Quintus PROLOG; Recursion; Signature; SUN station;
                 Theorem prover; UNIX; Verifying properties",
  thesaurus =    "Formal logic; Formal specification; Knowledge based
                 systems; Program verification; Recursive functions;
                 Software tools; Theorem proving",
}

@Article{Lieberman:1992:GGE,
  author =       "J. E. Lieberman",
  title =        "{GRef2End}: a {GeoRef} to {EndNote} bibliography
                 translator written in awk",
  journal =      j-COMP-GEOSCI,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1271--1275",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CGEODT",
  ISSN =         "0098-3004 (print), 1873-7803 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-3004",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The author presents a program for translating GeoRef
                 citations into a form usable by EndNote a bibliographic
                 management and formatting tool. The program is written
                 in the interpreted text processing language awk which
                 has a public domain version gawk or nawk for most
                 computers. The listing given used citations from the
                 CD-ROM version of the GeoRef bibliographic database.
                 The script can be modified interactively and rerun on a
                 particular set of references in order to optimize the
                 accuracy of a particular translation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. of Earth Sci., Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques); C6130E
                 (Data interchange); C6160 (Database management systems
                 (DBMS)); C7250C (Bibliographic systems)",
  fjournal =     "Computers and Geosciences",
  keywords =     "Awk; Bibliographic database; Bibliographic management;
                 Bibliography translator; EndNote; Gawk; GeoRef;
                 GRef2End; Interpreted text processing language; Nawk;
                 References; Script",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Bibliographic systems; Complete computer programs;
                 Text editing",
}

@TechReport{Lius:1992:OFU,
  author =       "S. Lius and R. Ogando",
  title =        "The Object Finder User's Manual",
  number =       "SERC-TR-56-F",
  institution =  "Software Engineering Research Centre",
  address =      "????",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Techreports/software-engineering-research-centre.bib",
  abstract =     "The maintenance of a software system usually begins
                 with considerable effort spent in understanding system
                 structure. A system structure consists of the grouping
                 of routines into modules within the system. An approach
                 known as the object finder exits to assist the
                 programmer in understanding the structure and data of a
                 program based on the object-like features found in the
                 program. The object finder prototype is a design
                 recovery tool to aid a programmer in recovering certain
                 kinds of design principles and system structure from
                 its source code. The object finder looks for clusters
                 of data, structures and routines, that are analogous to
                 the objects and object classes of object-oriented
                 programming. The object finder prototype operates
                 within the GNU Emacs environment and is written in
                 Emacs Lisp and C. This report describes how to install
                 the object finder prototype, how to operate the object
                 finder to look for the clusters in a software system,
                 and how to display a graphical representation of these
                 clusters. It also explains the components of the object
                 finder prototype.",
}

@InProceedings{Long:1992:CSC,
  author =       "Junsheng Long and W. K. Fuchs and J. A. Abraham",
  title =        "Compiler-assisted static checkpoint insertion",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1992:DPI",
  pages =        "58--65",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a compiler-assisted approach for
                 static checkpoint insertion. Instead of fixing the
                 checkpoint location before program execution, a
                 compiler enhanced polling mechanism is utilized to
                 maintain both the desired checkpoint intervals and
                 reproducible checkpoint locations. The technique has
                 been implemented in a GNU CC compiler for Sun 3 and Sun
                 4 (SPARC) processors. Experiments demonstrate that the
                 approach provides for stable checkpoint intervals and
                 reproducible checkpoint placements with performance
                 overhead comparable to a previous compiler-assisted
                 dynamic scheme (CATCH).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Coordinated Sci. Lab., Illinois Univ.,
                 Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and
                 evaluating systems)",
  keywords =     "Compiler enhanced polling mechanism; Compiler-assisted
                 approach; GNU CC compiler; Performance overhead; SPARC;
                 Static checkpoint insertion; Sun 3; Sun 4",
  thesaurus =    "Fault tolerant computing; Program compilers; System
                 recovery",
}

@Article{Maner:1992:APE,
  author =       "W. Maner",
  title =        "Adapting a programming editor ({EMACS}) for persons
                 who are blind: issues, initiatives and problems",
  journal =      j-J-MICROCOMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--19 (or 13--20??)",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "JMIADO",
  ISSN =         "0745-7138 (print), 1096-374X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0745-7138",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Describes current research in the 'programming by ear'
                 project. This research uses an extensively modified
                 EMACS text editor to address general problems which
                 constrain the effective design of human-computer
                 interfaces for blind programmers. These include (1) an
                 information conversion problem, (2) an information
                 reduction problem, and (3) an information compression
                 problem. Recent work has focused on the problem of
                 providing an auditory equivalent for rapid visual
                 browsing of program source code.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Bowling Green State Univ., OH,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6180 (User interfaces); C7850 (Assistance for the
                 handicapped)",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Microcomputer Applications",
  keywords =     "Blind programmers; EMACS; Human-computer interfaces;
                 Information compression; Information conversion;
                 Information reduction; Program source code; Programming
                 editor; Rapid visual browsing",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Handicapped aids; User interfaces",
}

@InProceedings{McHugh:1992:EBD,
  author =       "J. McHugh",
  title =        "An {EMACS} based downgrader for the {SAT}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1992:PEA",
  pages =        "228--237",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 26 17:01:46 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fapp2/steganography/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in `Computer and Network Security'.",
  URL =          "http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fapp2/steganography/bibliography/1013.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "information hiding; steganography",
  xxnote =       "Check pages?? Cited volume has only xxvii + 233.",
}

@TechReport{McLauchlan:1992:HLV,
  author =       "P. F. McLauchlan",
  title =        "{HORATIO}: libraries for vision applications",
  number =       "OUEL 1967/92",
  institution =  "Oxford University",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  pages =        "72",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The HORATIO vision system comprises a set of libraries
                 written in ANSI C for either Sun workstations (using
                 gcc) or transputers (using Inmos C). The global library
                 contains definitions and functions needed by most
                 applications. There is also a maths library, a pipeline
                 control library (only for transputers), a list
                 manipulation library and an image library providing for
                 manipulation and channel/stream/file I/O of 2D images.
                 A graphics library allows images and other primitives
                 to be displayed in an arbitrary number of X-windows
                 canvases. An image processing library contains source
                 for some image processing tools, e.g. edge/corner
                 detection, normal image flow. The process library
                 allows the creation of process pipelines (for Sun) and
                 the tool library high-level X-windows tools for
                 creation of HORATIO applications. Only the graphics and
                 tool libraries are X-specific. The function headers
                 from each of the libraries are listed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5260B (Computer vision and picture processing);
                 C6130B (Graphics techniques)",
  issuedby =     "Univ. Oxford, UK",
  keywords =     "2D images; ANSI C; Corner detection; File I/O;
                 Function headers; Gcc; Global library; Graphics
                 library; HORATIO Release 2.0; HORATIO vision system;
                 Image library; Image processing library; Inmos C; List
                 manipulation library; Maths library; Normal image flow;
                 Pipeline control library; Process library; Sun
                 workstations; Tool library; Transputers; X-windows
                 canvases; X-windows tools",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Computer graphics; Computer vision; Subroutines",
}

@InProceedings{Meijers:1992:OEB,
  author =       "F. Meijers",
  title =        "The {OPAL} event builder; practical experience with
                 {C++} in data acquisition",
  crossref =     "Verkerk:1992:PIC",
  pages =        "180--183",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The OPAL experiment uses a VMEbus based data
                 acquisition system with MC680*0 processors running
                 OS-9. The control of the data flow through the event
                 builder is implemented using C++. Experience with GNU
                 C++ under OS-9 is discussed, including typical
                 overheads associated with the use of object oriented
                 primitives. A technique to map object member functions
                 on external events is described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "CERN, Geneva, Switzerland",
  classification = "A0650D (Data gathering, processing, and recording,
                 data displays including digital techniques); A2960
                 (Counting circuits and nuclear electronics); A2980F
                 (Programming); B7210G (Data acquisition systems); B7430
                 (Counting circuits and electronics); C5520 (Data
                 acquisition equipment and techniques); C7320 (Physics
                 and Chemistry)",
  keywords =     "Data acquisition; Data flow; External events; GNU C++;
                 MC680*0 processors running; Object member functions;
                 Object oriented primitives; OPAL event builder; OS-9;
                 Overheads; VMEbus based data acquisition",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Data acquisition; Nuclear electronics;
                 Object-oriented programming; Physics computing",
}

@Article{Moreland:1992:CMS,
  author =       "Carl Moreland",
  title =        "{CUG372} --- {Mouse++}, {String++}, and {Z++}
                 Classes",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "10",
  type =         "CUG New Release",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "122--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Ohl:1992:CGM,
  author =       "Thorsten Ohl",
  title =        "{CUG368} --- {GNUlib} for {MS-DOS}",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "10",
  type =         "CUG New Release",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "74--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1992",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Rada:1992:CTH,
  author =       "Roy Rada",
  title =        "Converting a Textbook to Hypertext",
  journal =      j-TOIS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "294--315",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "ATISET",
  ISSN =         "1046-8188",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2047",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80",
  abstract =     "Traditional documents may be transformed into
                 hypertext by first reflecting the document's logical
                 markup in the hypertext (producing first-order
                 hypertext) and then by adding links not evident in the
                 document markup (producing second-order hypertext). In
                 our transformation of a textbook to hypertext, the
                 textbook is placed in an intermediate form based on a
                 semantic net and is then placed into the four hypertext
                 systems: Emacs-Info, Guide, HyperTies, and SuperBook.
                 The first-order Guide and SuperBook hypertexts reflect
                 a depth-first traversal of the semantic net, and the
                 Emacs-Info and HyperTies hypertexts reflect a
                 breadth-first traversal. The semantic net is augmented
                 manually, and then new traversal programs automatically
                 generate alternate outlines. An index based on word
                 patterns in the textbook is also automatically
                 generated for the second-order hypertext. Our suite of
                 programs has been applied to a published textbook, and
                 the resulting hypertexts are publicly available.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Liverpool",
  affiliationaddress = "Liverpool, Engl",
  classification = "461.4; 723.2; 723.5; 903.1; 903.2; 903.3; C6130D
                 (Document processing techniques); C6160Z (Other DBMS);
                 C7250 (Information storage and retrieval)",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Information Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J779",
  journalabr =   "ACM Trans Inf Syst",
  keywords =     "Computer applications; Computer software; Data
                 processing; Document markup; Hierarchical systems;
                 Human computer interaction; Human engineering;
                 Hypermedia models; Hypertext; Indexing (of
                 information); Information dissemination; Information
                 retrieval systems; Man machine systems; Semantic net;
                 Software package Emacs Info; Software package Guides;
                 Software package HyperTies; Software package Superbook;
                 Textbooks",
  wwwtitle =     "Converting a Text to {Guide}, {HyperTies}, and
                 {Superbook}: Practice and Principles",
}

@Article{Rada:1992:SVB,
  author =       "R. Rada and C. Murphy",
  title =        "Searching versus browsing in hypertext",
  journal =      j-HYPERMEDIA,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--30",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "HYPEEW",
  ISSN =         "0955-8543",
  ISSN-L =       "0955-8543",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The authors' goal is to elaborate the relationships
                 among tasks, user types, and tools for hypertext. They
                 built a computer system for automatically converting
                 books into hypertext and then converted one book into
                 Emacs-Info, Guide, HyperTies, and a variant of
                 SuperBook, called MaxiBook. Three classes of users were
                 studied: experts, novices, and trainees. Users
                 performed two question-answering tasks: one for a
                 search question and one for a browse question. The
                 answer to a search question could be found in one
                 section of the book, whereas the answer to a browse
                 question occurred across sections. Answers were
                 evaluated for quality and speed. Experts did good
                 searching with Guide and MaxiBooks, but the best
                 browsing with paper. For novices, paper was the best
                 tool on all counts-for quality and speed, for searching
                 and browsing. Trainee experiences were similar to those
                 of novices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Liverpool Univ., UK",
  classification = "C6160Z (Other DBMS); C7250 (Information storage and
                 retrieval)",
  fjournal =     "Hypermedia",
  keywords =     "Browsing; Emacs-Info; Guide; Hypertext; HyperTies;
                 MaxiBook; Searching; SuperBook; User types",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Human factors; Hypermedia; Information retrieval",
}

@Book{Roberts:1992:UDG,
  author =       "Ralph Roberts and Mark Boyd",
  title =        "{UNIX} Desktop Guide to {Emacs}",
  publisher =    pub-HAYDEN,
  address =      pub-HAYDEN:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 504",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-672-30171-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-672-30171-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49 R62 1992",
  bibdate =      "Sun Mar 6 17:32:25 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$27.95, CDN\$34.95",
  series =       "Programming series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "EMACS (Computer program); UNIX (Computer operating
                 system); Word processing.",
  libnote =      "Not in my library.",
}

@Book{Schoonover:1992:GEU,
  author =       "Michael A. Schoonover and John S. Bowie and William R.
                 Arnold",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs}: {UNIX} Text Editing and Programming",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xxvii + 609",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-201-56345-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-56345-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49S36",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  series =       "Hewlett-Packard Press series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  shorttableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Part 1: Text editing in Emacs \\
                 1: a quick tour of Emacs \\
                 2: Basic editing commands \\
                 3: More efficient editing \\
                 4: Advanced editing \\
                 Part 2: Programming in Emacs \\
                 5: Program development in Emacs \\
                 6: Editing in C mode \\
                 7: Editing in FORTRAN mode \\
                 8: Editing in Lisp modes \\
                 Part 3: Additional Emacs features \\
                 9: Getting online help \\
                 10: Using Emacs for electronic mail \\
                 11: Managing files and buffers \\
                 12: Miscellaneous Emacs features \\
                 Part 4: Customizing and administering Emacs \\
                 13: Customizing the Emacs environment \\
                 14: Administering Emacs \\
                 A: Editing in Pascal mode \\
                 B: Emacs-Lisp Programming \\
                 C: Switching from vi to Emacs \\
                 D: Emacs command reference \\
                 Index",
  subject =      "Text editors (Computer programs); GNU Emacs; UNIX
                 (Computer file)",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Text Editing In Emacs \\
                 A Quick Tour of Emacs \\
                 Starting Emacs \\
                 Exiting Emacs \\
                 Understanding the Emacs Screen \\
                 Tying Text \\
                 Typing Commands \\
                 Using a Basic Set of Editing Commands \\
                 Getting Online Help \\
                 Using Emacs to Process Electronic Mail \\
                 Using Emacs to Manage Files \\
                 Changing Emacs' Behavior with Variables \\
                 Basic Editing Commands \\
                 Visiting a File \\
                 Saving a Buffer \\
                 Listing Buffers \\
                 Switching to a Different Buffer \\
                 Killing A Buffer \\
                 Setting the Mode for a Buffer \\
                 Moving the Cursor \\
                 Using Line Numbers \\
                 Deleting Text \\
                 Undoing Mistakes \\
                 Using Regions \\
                 Searching for Text \\
                 Searching and Replacing Text \\
                 Overwriting Text \\
                 More Efficient Editing \\
                 Running a Command Multiple Times \\
                 Modifying Command Behavior with Arguments \\
                 Inserting Control Characters into a Buffer \\
                 Working with Words, Sentences, and Paragraphs \\
                 Working with Pages \\
                 Working with Blank Lines \\
                 Getting Cursor, Line, and Page Information \\
                 Transposing Text \\
                 Filling Text \\
                 Indenting Text \\
                 Changing Letter Case \\
                 Searching and Replacing Text \\
                 Narrowing a Buffer \\
                 Moving the Cursor to Previous Marks (the Mark Ring) \\
                 Using the Kill Ring \\
                 Completing Long Command Names \\
                 Completing File Names \\
                 Using Abbreviations (Text Expansions) \\
                 Using Macros for Repeated Editing Tasks \\
                 Scrolling Windows \\
                 Wording with Multiple Windows \\
                 Printing a Buffer \\
                 Listing a Directory \\
                 Advanced Editing \\
                 Changing Emacs' Behavior with Commands \\
                 Changing Emacs' Behavior with Command-Line Arguments
                 \\
                 Searching for Regular Expressions (Regexps) \\
                 Searching and Replacing Regexps \\
                 Editing Outlines \\
                 Manipulating Buffers \\
                 Advanced File Operations \\
                 Managing Auto-Saving \\
                 Managing Emacs Backup Files \\
                 Reverting a Buffer to Its Original Contents \\
                 Preventing Simultaneous Editing \\
                 Advanced Window Operations \\
                 Editing Your Responses in the Minibuffer \\
                 Sorting Test \\
                 Using Rectangles \\
                 Using Registers \\
                 Programming In Emacs \\
                 Program Development in Emacs \\
                 Supported Editing Modes \\
                 Using Fundamental and Text Mode Commands in Programming
                 Modes \\
                 Moving by Function \\
                 Marking Functions \\
                 Indenting Programs Commenting Programs \\
                 Matching Parentheses, Braces, and Brackets \\
                 Forcing Balanced Parentheses \\
                 Selectively Displaying Program Lines \\
                 Getting Documentation on System Commands and Routines
                 \\
                 Editing Across Multiple Files with Tag Tables \\
                 Keeping Track of Changes to source with a ChangeLog \\
                 Compiling Programs \\
                 Sexp Commands (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Editing in C Mode \\
                 Invoking C Mode \\
                 Assumptions About C Source \\
                 Moving Among Functions \\
                 Marking Functions \\
                 Indenting Programs \\
                 Commenting Programs \\
                 Working with Sexps and Lists (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Customizing Indentation (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Customizing Commenting (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Editing in FORTRAN Mode \\
                 Invoking FORTRAN Mode \\
                 Assumptions About FORTRAN Source \\
                 Moving Among Subprograms and Statements \\
                 Marking Subprograms \\
                 Indenting Programs \\
                 Labeling Lines \\
                 Commenting Programs \\
                 Using FORTRAN Keyword Abbreviations \\
                 Working with Sexps and Lists (Advanced Usage) \\
                 What Are Sexps and Lists in FORTRAN Mode? \\
                 Customizing Indentation (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Customizing Commenting (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Editing in Lisp Modes \\
                 Lisp Major Modes \\
                 Assumptions About Lisp Source \\
                 Moving Among Defuns \\
                 Moving Among Sexps and Lists \\
                 List and Sexp Motion Commands \\
                 Marking Text \\
                 Transposing Sexps \\
                 Killing Sexps \\
                 Indenting Programs \\
                 Commenting Programs \\
                 Evaluating Lisp Code \\
                 Customizing Indentation (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Customizing Commenting (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Additional Emacs Features \\
                 Getting Online Help \\
                 Running Help Commands \\
                 Getting Instructions for Using Help \\
                 Getting Command Information \\
                 Using Emacs for Electronic Mail \\
                 The RMAIL Facility and Other UNIX Mail Facilities \\
                 Reading Mail Messages \\
                 Exiting from the RMAIL Buffer Moving Around Your Mail
                 Messages \\
                 Saving Messages to Files \\
                 Removing Messages \\
                 Getting New Mail \\
                 Using a Mail Summary to Scan Messages \\
                 Composing and Sending Messages \\
                 Using Mode Line Status Messages (Labels) \\
                 Using Multiple Mailbox Files \\
                 Reading Digest Messages \\
                 Associating UNIX Mailbox Files with RMAIL Mailbox Files
                 (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Managing Files and Buffers \\
                 Using the Dired Facility to Manage Files \\
                 Managing Multiple Buffers with Buffer-Menus \\
                 Miscellaneous Emacs Features \\
                 Checking Your Spelling \\
                 Rerunning Commands from the Command History \\
                 Recovering Files After System Crashes \\
                 Using UNIX Commands in Emacs \\
                 Running a UNIX Shell in an Emacs Buffer \\
                 Nroff Major Mode \\
                 TeX Modes: LaTeX and Plain TeX \\
                 Picture Mode \\
                 Doctor Mode \\
                 Customizing And Administering Emacs \\
                 Customizing the Emacs Environment \\
                 Using a .emacs Start-Up File \\
                 Using Variables to Change Emacs' Behavior \\
                 Changing Command Key Bindings \\
                 Forcing Confirmation for a Function \\
                 More About Variable (Advanced Usage) \\
                 More About Key Bindings (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Examples of .emacs Customizations \\
                 Administering Emacs \\
                 Finding Emacs and identifying Its Parts \\
                 Using New (or Notes) to Get Emacs Information \\
                 Installing Emacs \\
                 Editing in Pascal Mode \\
                 Obtaining a Pascal Mode \\
                 Enabling Pascal Mode \\
                 Assumptions About Pascal Source \\
                 Moving the Cursor \\
                 Indenting Programs \\
                 Commands That Build Pascal Constructs \\
                 Creating a New Program \\
                 Commenting Programs \\
                 Working with Sexps and Lists (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Customizing Indentation \\
                 Customizing Commenting (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Summary \\
                 Emacs-Lisp Programming \\
                 An Overview of Emacs-Lisp Programming \\
                 Getting Documentation on Emacs-Lisp Defuns and
                 Variables \\
                 Evaluating Lisp Code \\
                 Loading Emacs-Lisp Libraries \\
                 Compiling Emacs-Lisp Code \\
                 Debugging Emacs-Lisp Code (Advanced Usage) \\
                 Converting Mocklisp to Emacs-Lisp (for Mocklisp Users)
                 \\
                 Summary \\
                 Switching from vi to Emacs \\
                 The vi Emulation Mode in Emacs \\
                 Starting the Editor \\
                 Saving Text and Exiting \\
                 Line Number Information Commands \\
                 Inserting Text \\
                 Undoing Commands \\
                 Repeating Commands \\
                 Rerunning Previous Commands \\
                 Moving the Cursor \\
                 Deleting Text \\
                 Using Marks \\
                 Searching for Text Search and Replace Text \\
                 Indenting Text \\
                 Copying and Moving Blocks of Text \\
                 Changing (Overwriting) Text \\
                 Scrolling Text \\
                 Using Shell Commands \\
                 Using Macros \\
                 Using Abbreviations \\
                 Miscellaneous Commands \\
                 Emacs Command Reference \\
                 Abbreviations \\
                 Buffers \\
                 Buffer-Menu \\
                 Case Conversion \\
                 C Mode \\
                 Compilation \\
                 Cursor Motion \\
                 Debugger (Emacs-Lisp) \\
                 Deletion and Killing \\
                 Dired \\
                 Display Management \\
                 Editor Emulation (EDT, vi, Gosling Emacs) \\
                 Emacs-Lisp Programming \\
                 Exiting \\
                 files \\
                 Filling \\
                 FORTRAN Mode \\
                 Help \\
                 Indentation \\
                 Key Bindings \\
                 Killing and Yanking (Moving and Copying) \\
                 Lisp Modes \\
                 Location and Date/Time \\
                 Macros \\
                 Mail \\
                 Minibuffer Editing \\
                 Modes \\
                 Nroff Mode \\
                 Numeric Prefix \\
                 Outline Editing \\
                 Pages \\
                 Paragraphs \\
                 Picture Mode \\
                 Printing \\
                 Rectangles \\
                 Regions \\
                 Registers \\
                 Searching \\
                 Searching and Replacing \\
                 Sentences \\
                 Sexps and Lists (Balanced Expressions) \\
                 Shells \\
                 Sorting \\
                 Spell-Checking \\
                 Tags \\
                 TeX Mode \\
                 Transposing \\
                 Undo \\
                 Variables \\
                 Windows \\
                 Words \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Stading:1992:CBB,
  author =       "James Stading and Tom Thompson and Ben Smith",
  title =        "Creating {Bit-Mapped} Buttons: {A Windows} file
                 manager, {Telnet} for {Macs}, and dired sans emacs",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "275--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:32:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A Windows file manager, Telnet for Macs, and dired
                 sans emacs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
}

@Article{Stallman:1992:ASP,
  author =       "R. Stallman and S. Garfinkel",
  title =        "Against Software Patents",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "League for Programming Freedom see June article CACM",
}

@Book{Stallman:1992:GEM,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "7th, {Emacs} version 18",
  pages =        "xii + 340",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-01-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-01-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs.",
}

@Book{Stallman:1992:TMT,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "The {Termcap} Manual: The {Termcap} Library and Data
                 Base",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "????",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Stallman:1992:UGG,
  author =       "Richard Stallman and Roland H. Pesch and John
                 Gilmore",
  title =        "Using {GDB}: a guide to the {GNU} source-level
                 debugger",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "4.01, for {GDB} version 4.4",
  pages =        "vi + 172",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 31 08:43:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Stallman:1992:UPG,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "Using and porting {GNU CC}: last updated 15 February
                 1992 for version 2.0",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 330",
  year =         "1992",
  LCCN =         "CM.3.1.01 item 3 Computer manuals",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 31 08:43:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Preliminary draft, which will change.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Thorup:1992:GEF,
  author =       "Kresten Krab Thorup",
  title =        "{GNU emacs} as a front end to {\LaTeX}",
  journal =      j-TUGboat,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "304--308",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  ISSN-L =       "0896-3207",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/",
}

@Article{Wang:1992:EAT,
  author =       "Weigang Wang and R. Rada and K. Strickland and C.
                 Ghaoui",
  title =        "An expertext authoring tool",
  journal =      j-INFO-DECISION-TECHNOLOGIES,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "101--114",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IDTEEI",
  ISSN =         "0923-0408",
  ISSN-L =       "0923-0408",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper describes the design and implementation of
                 an authoring tool which facilitates the identification
                 of a logical path through a hypertext network. The
                 authors model of hypertext is based on link objects
                 which specify source and target nodes, point to text,
                 and contain other information about the type of link
                 object and how it should be traversed. Additionally, a
                 knowledge base is provided by the system which the
                 author can edit and which determines how the hypertext
                 network is edited and how it is traversed in the course
                 of generating linear documents. In this way minor
                 modifications to the knowledge base can readily lead to
                 significant reorganizations of a document. The tool
                 supports both a hypertext browser of the documents and
                 the printing of the documents.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Liverpool Univ., UK",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques); C6170
                 (Expert systems); C7106 (Word processing)",
  fjournal =     "Information and Decision Technologies",
  keywords =     "Document outline; Document reorganisation; Emacs-Info;
                 Expertext authoring tool; Hypertext browser; Hypertext
                 network; Knowledge base; Linear documents; Link object;
                 Link objects; Logical path; Note-taking; Source nodes;
                 Target nodes; Writing aid; Writing models",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  thesaurus =    "Expert systems; Hypermedia; Word processing",
}

@Article{Yang:1992:ADU,
  author =       "Y. Yang",
  title =        "Anatomy of the design of an undo support facility",
  journal =      j-INT-J-MAN-MACHINE-STUDIES,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--95",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IJMMBC",
  ISSN =         "0020-7373",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-7373",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper presents decision making elements in an
                 anatomy of the design of undo support in the GNU Emacs
                 environment. Apart from providing design guidelines for
                 undo support, it illustrates how to bring a design from
                 an abstract conception to a concrete realization and
                 how to balance trade-offs in the process. Undo support
                 is a usability feature of interactive computer systems
                 which allows a user to reverse the effects of executed
                 commands. GNU Emacs was chosen as a suitable
                 environment to demonstrate how to design undo support
                 because of its sophistication and practical
                 significance. User's opinions about which aspects of
                 the existing undo support facility in Emacs need to be
                 improved were solicited by conducting an informal
                 survey among Emacs users. The results of the survey are
                 discussed and were used to tailor a proposal for an
                 improved undo support facility for Emacs. In order to
                 test the adequacy of the proposal, it was subjected to
                 an informal expert walk-through and a review of Emacs
                 users opinions was conducted through a computer
                 network. These evaluations are discussed and revisions
                 to the proposal elicited. After the revised prototype
                 of the design was implemented, a post-mortem evaluation
                 was carried out and its results were incorporated in
                 the final implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "St. Hilda's Coll., Oxford, UK",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems); C6180 (User
                 interfaces)",
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Man-Machine Studies",
  keywords =     "Computer network; Decision making elements; Design
                 guidelines; Executed commands; GNU Emacs environment;
                 Informal expert walk-through; Interactive computer
                 systems; Operating systems; Undo support facility;
                 Usability feature",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Operating systems [computers]; User interfaces",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:GCT,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{GNU C} tools move to {MS-DOS} for {H8\slash} 300
                 {micronC}",
  journal =      j-EDN,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "66--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "EDNSBH",
  ISSN =         "0012-7515, 0364-6637",
  ISSN-L =       "0364-6637",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 19:42:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "EDN",
  searchkey =    "ti:gnu or gawk",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:GST,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{GNU} Set to Take on {UNIX}",
  journal =      j-SOFTWARE-MAG,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "33--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SMWMEQ",
  ISSN =         "0897-8085",
  ISSN-L =       "0897-8085",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 19:42:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software Magazine",
  searchkey =    "ti:gnu or gawk",
}

@Article{Becker:1993:TEG,
  author =       "Thomas Becker",
  title =        "Two extensions to {GNU Emacs} that are useful when
                 editing {\TeX} documents",
  journal =      j-TUGboat,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "382--386",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  ISSN-L =       "0896-3207",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/",
}

@MastersThesis{Birkholz:1993:ELE,
  author =       "Matthew Birkholz",
  title =        "{Emacs Lisp in Edwin Scheme}",
  type =         "Thesis (M.S.)",
  school =       "MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "81 (or 103??)",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Also issued as Technical report AI-TR 1451.",
  URL =          "ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/1993/AITR-1451.ps.Z",
  abstract =     "The MIT-Scheme program development environment
                 includes a general-purpose text editor, Edwin, that has
                 an extension language, Edwin Scheme. Edwin is very
                 similar to another general-purpose text editor, GNU
                 Emacs, which also has an extension language, Emacs
                 Lisp. The popularity of GNU Emacs has lead to a large
                 library of tools written in Emacs Lisp. The goal of
                 this thesis is to implement a useful subset of Emacs
                 Lisp in Edwin Scheme. This subset was chosen to be
                 sufficient for simple operation of the GNUS news
                 reading program.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "This report is a revised version of a thesis submitted
                 to the Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science in Sept. 1993, in partial fulfillment of the
                 requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
                 Supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of
                 the Dept. of Defense under an Office of Naval Research
                 contract. Supported by the National Science
                 Foundation.",
  contract =     "N00014-92-J-4097, NSF MIP-9001651",
  keywords =     "Scheme, extension language, editor, multi-language
                 environment, interpreted language",
}

@InProceedings{Buckland:1993:OPG,
  author =       "M. K. Buckland and M. H. Butler and B. A. Norgard and
                 C. J. Plaunt",
  title =        "{OASIS}: prototyping graphical interfaces to networked
                 information",
  crossref =     "Bonzi:1993:APA",
  pages =        "204--210",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The OASIS project is undergoing a complete revision in
                 order to give it a flexible graphical interface, more
                 powerful analysis tools, and broader searching
                 capabilities. A new X Windows interface is being linked
                 to a search and analysis backend written primarily in
                 Emacs Lisp to take advantage of its advanced string
                 processing functions and multiple buffering features.
                 The structure of OASIS will be more object-oriented,
                 implementing modules that can be modified, reused, and
                 recombined. Original OASIS features, such as FEWER,
                 SUMMARIZE, and SORT, have been retained and enhanced.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6180G (Graphical user interfaces); C7250N (Front
                 end systems for online searching)",
  keywords =     "Analysis tools; Emacs Lisp; Flexible graphical
                 interface; Graphical interfaces; Networked information;
                 Object-oriented approach; Searching capabilities; X
                 Windows interface",
  thesaurus =    "Graphical user interfaces; Online front-ends",
}

@Book{Chassell:1993:TGD,
  author =       "Robert J. Chassell and Richard Stallman",
  title =        "Texinfo: the {GNU} documentation format",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "2.19, for {Texinfo} version three",
  pages =        "x + 242",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-46-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-46-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs (Computer program); Software documentation.;
                 Texinfo.; Text editors (Computer programs)",
}

@TechReport{Childs:1993:GER,
  author =       "Bart Childs",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} Reference Card (with web-mode)",
  type =         "\path|ftp.cs.tamu.edu:/pub/tex-web/web/DOCs|",
  institution =  "Texas A\&M University",
  address =      "College Station, TX, USA",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 17:50:54 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-bc,
}

@InProceedings{Eigenmann:1993:PTO,
  author =       "R. Eigenmann and P. McClaughry",
  title =        "Practical tools for optimizing parallel programs",
  crossref =     "Tentner:1993:HPC",
  pages =        "160--165",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A set of tools are described that help a programmer to
                 be more efficient in optimizing scientific programs for
                 a parallel computer. The design of these tools emerged
                 from experience gained during a successful optimization
                 effort on a set of representative supercomputer
                 application codes. The authors have developed a number
                 of utilities that complement available UNIX tools.
                 Additional tools offer a higher degree of
                 interactivity; they are currently built into the Emacs
                 editor. The new tools mainly facilitate two development
                 phases that were identified as time-consuming in the
                 parallel programming project: the process of creating
                 and maintaining a consistent set of experimental
                 program variants and the analysis and interpretation of
                 compilation and performance results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Center for Supercomput. Res. and Dev., Illinois Univ.,
                 Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  classification = "C6110P (Parallel programming); C6115 (Programming
                 support); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors); C6150E (General utility programs)",
  keywords =     "Compilation; Emacs editor; Experimental program
                 variants; Parallel computer; Parallel programming
                 project; Scientific programs; Supercomputer application
                 codes; UNIX tools",
  thesaurus =    "Parallel programming; Program compilers; Software
                 tools; UNIX; Utility programs",
}

@InProceedings{Feldman:1993:AAU,
  author =       "M. B. Feldman",
  title =        "{Ada83} and {Ada9x} in the universities: filling the
                 pipeline",
  crossref =     "ACM:1993:WTA",
  pages =        "106",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 27 15:44:00 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Ada is starting to catch on in the colleges and
                 universities, growing more rapidly than many in
                 industry realize. Currently Ada is used as a first year
                 foundation language in about 100 institutions; thus,
                 several thousand students a year begin their higher
                 education with Ada. Ada is taught, somewhere in the
                 curriculum, in several hundred more institutions; the
                 number grows each year. Important factors in this
                 growth are: the availability of nearly two dozen Ada
                 texts oriented to undergraduate courses; the
                 availability of inexpensive and free Ada compilers;
                 teachers' belated recognition that using Ada really
                 does lead to much more robust and portable programs. We
                 hope that the trend to Ada in the academic world will
                 accelerate with the release of the GNU Ada9X (GNAT)
                 translator and other Ada9X materials, and with
                 teachers' eventual disillusionment with the poor
                 robustness and portability of the alternative teaching
                 languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci., George
                 Washington Univ., Washington, DC, USA",
  classification = "C0220 (Computing education and training); C6140D
                 (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters
                 and other processors); C7810C (Computer-aided
                 instruction)",
  keywords =     "Ada texts; Ada83; Ada9x; Colleges; Curriculum; First
                 year foundation language; Free Ada compilers; GNAT;
                 Portable programs; Teaching languages; Translator;
                 Undergraduate courses; Universities",
  thesaurus =    "Ada; Computer aided instruction; Computer science
                 education; Program interpreters; Teaching",
}

@InProceedings{Fowler:1993:SS,
  author =       "G. Fowler",
  title =        "The shell as a service",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1993:PSU",
  pages =        "267--277",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper explores the design history of the nmake
                 shell coprocess. Originally a special purpose
                 uniprocessor executor, the coshell has evolved into a
                 general purpose service that automatically executes
                 shell actions on lightly loaded hosts in a local
                 network. A major thrust of this work has been ease of
                 use. The only privilege required for installation,
                 administration or use is rsh access to the local hosts.
                 nmake and GNU-make users can take advantage of network
                 execution with no makefile modifications. Shell level
                 access is similar to but more efficient than rsh and
                 allows host expression matching to replace the explicit
                 host name argument. Also provided is a C programming
                 library interface with five primitive operations that
                 follow the fork-exec-wait process model. coshell runs
                 on most S5R4 and BSD UNIX operating system variants.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "AT and T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  keywords =     "BSD UNIX; C programming library interface; Coshell;
                 Explicit host name argument; General purpose service;
                 Host expression matching; Lightly loaded hosts; Local
                 network; Makefile modifications; Network execution;
                 Nmake shell coprocess; Operating system; S5R4; Special
                 purpose uniprocessor executor",
  thesaurus =    "Local area networks; Operating systems [computers];
                 Supervisory programs",
}

@Book{Gillespie:1993:CM,
  author =       "Dave Gillespie",
  title =        "Calc manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "{GNU Emacs} version 2.02",
  pages =        "x + 572",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-18-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-18-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Calc (Computer program).; GNU Emacs (Computer
                 program).",
}

@InProceedings{Handa:1993:MME,
  author =       "K. Handa and M. Nishikimi and S. Tomura",
  title =        "Mule: {A MULtilingual} Enhancement to {GNU} Emacs",
  crossref =     "Leiner:1993:IIN",
  pages =        "GAB 1--9",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 19:42:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  searchkey =    "ti:gawk or gnu",
}

@Article{Harrold:1993:ECP,
  author =       "Mary Jean Harrold and Brian Malloy and Gregg
                 Rothermel",
  title =        "Efficient construction of program dependence graphs",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "160--170",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/174146.154268",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:12:48 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a new technique for constructing a program
                 dependence graph that contains a program's control
                 flow, along with the usual control and data dependence
                 information. Our algorithm constructs a program
                 dependence graph while the program is being parsed. For
                 programs containing only structured transfers of
                 control, our algorithm does not require information
                 provided by the control flow graph or post dominator
                 tree and therefore obviates the construction of these
                 auxiliary graphs. For programs containing explicit
                 transfers of control, our algorithm adjusts the partial
                 control dependence subgraph, constructed during the
                 parse, to incorporate exact control dependence
                 information. There are several advantages to our
                 approach. For many programs, our algorithm may result
                 in substantial savings in time and memory since our
                 construction of the program dependence graph does not
                 require the auxiliary graph. Furthermore, since we
                 incorporate control and data flow as well as exact
                 control dependence information into the program
                 dependence graph, our graph has a wide range of
                 applicability. We have implemented our algorithm by
                 incorporating it into the Free Software Foundation's
                 GNU C compiler; currently we are performing experiments
                 that compare our technique with the traditional
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Book{Higham:1993:HWM,
  author =       "Nicholas J. Higham",
  title =        "Handbook of Writing for the Mathematical Sciences",
  publisher =    pub-SIAM,
  address =      pub-SIAM:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 241",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-89871-314-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89871-314-5",
  LCCN =         "QA42.H54 1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 4 08:48:35 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$21.50",
  acknowledgement = ack-njh,
  note-1 =       "[From the publisher]: Having trouble with your latest
                 math paper? Giving a presentation that you just can't
                 pull together? Struggling with your thesis or trying to
                 get your first article published in a technical
                 journal? Handbook of Writing for the Mathematical
                 Sciences is the book for you!

                 This handy volume provides information on virtually
                 every issue you will face when writing a technical
                 paper or talk, from choosing the right journal to
                 handling your references. You'll also get an overview
                 of the entire publication process--invaluable for
                 anyone hoping to publish in a technical journal.",
  note-2 =       "To write a truly impressive paper, you'll need to
                 understand the anatomy of a research paper and the
                 steps involved in revising a draft. This book offers
                 discussions of these fundamental topics, along with
                 illustrative and provocative examples. Also included
                 are chapters on standard English usage, using computers
                 for writing and research, and writing technical
                 material when English is a foreign language.

                 This handbook provides much-needed advice on handling
                 the basic ingredients of a research paper, like
                 definitions, theorems, examples, and equations. In
                 addition, appendices provide essential reference
                 material, including summaries of \LaTeX{} symbols and
                 Emacs commands, addresses of mathematical societies,
                 and a list of papers that have won expository writing
                 prizes.",
  note-3 =       "This book is ideal for graduate students and teachers.
                 Among its special features:

                 \begin{itemize} \item Detail and extensive use of
                 examples make it an excellent teaching tool

                 \item Discusses \TeX{} and other software tools for
                 preparing publications

                 \item Thorough treatment, with examples, of how to
                 write slides (transparencies) for a mathematical
                 talk.

                 \item Comprehensive index and extensive bibliography
                 make it an excellent reference

                 \item Readable for everyone in the field--from
                 undergraduates to seasoned professionals
                 \end{itemize}",
  note-4 =       "Contents \\
                 Preface; \\
                 Chapter 1: General Principles; \\
                 Chapter 2: Writer's Tools and Recommended Reading; \\
                 Chapter 3: Mathematical Writing; \\
                 Chapter 4: English Usage; \\
                 Chapter 5: When English is a Foreign Language; \\
                 Chapter 6: Writing a Paper; \\
                 Chapter 7: Revising a Draft; \\
                 Chapter 8: Publishing a Paper; \\
                 Chapter 9: Writing a Talk; \\
                 Chapter 10: Computer Aids for Writing and Research; \\
                 Appendix A: The Greek Alphabet; \\
                 Appendix B: Summary of \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} Symbols; \\
                 Appendix C: GNU Emacs--The Sixty+ Most Useful Commands;
                 \\
                 Appendix D: Mathematical Organizations in the UK and
                 USA; \\
                 Appendix E: Winners of Prizes for Expository Writing;
                 \\
                 Appendix F: Glossary; \\
                 Bibliography; \\
                 Index.\\
                 About the Author:\\
                 Nicholas J. Higham is a Reader in Mathematics at the
                 University of Manchester, UK. He is the author of more
                 than 40 publications and is a member of the editorial
                 board of the SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and
                 Applications.",
}

@Article{Kahle:1993:IDS,
  author =       "B. Kahle and H. Morris and J. Goldman and T. Erickson
                 and J. Curran",
  title =        "Interfaces for distributed systems of information
                 servers",
  journal =      j-J-AM-SOC-INF-SCI,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "453--467",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "AISJB6",
  ISSN =         "0002-8231 (print), 1097-4571 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-8231",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This article describes five interfaces to distributed
                 systems of servers that have been designed and
                 implemented: WAIStation for the Macintosh, XWAIS for
                 X-Windows, GWAIS for GNU-Emacs, SWAIS for dumb
                 terminals, and Rosebud for the Macintosh. These
                 interfaces talk to one of two server systems: the wide
                 area information server (WAIS) system on the Internet,
                 and the Rosebud Server System, on an internal network
                 at Apple Computer. Both server systems are built on
                 Z39.50, a standard protocol, and thus support access to
                 a wide range of remote databases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "WAIS Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  classification = "C7250 (Information storage and retrieval); C7250N
                 (Front end systems for online searching)",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the American Society for Information
                 Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2330-1643",
  keywords =     "Apple Computer; Distributed systems; Dumb terminals;
                 GNU-Emacs; GWAIS; Information retrieval; Interfaces;
                 Internet; Macintosh; Remote databases; Rosebud;
                 Servers; Standard protocol; SWAIS; WAIStation; Wide
                 area information server; X-Windows; XWAIS; Z39.50",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Information retrieval; Online front-ends; User
                 interfaces",
}

@Article{Knister:1993:IDT,
  author =       "M. Knister and A. Prakash",
  title =        "Issues in the design of a toolkit for supporting
                 multiple group editors",
  journal =      j-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "135--166",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "CMSYE2",
  ISSN =         "0895-6340",
  ISSN-L =       "0895-6340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A great interest has developed in recent years in
                 building tools that allow people to collaborate on work
                 without the need for physical proximity. One such class
                 of tools, group editors, allows collaborators to view
                 and edit a shared document simultaneously from their
                 workstations. Building group editors, however, requires
                 solving non-trivial problems such as providing adequate
                 response time for edit operations and yet ensuring
                 consistency with concurrent updates, and providing
                 adequate per-user undo facilities. The authors have
                 implemented a toolkit, called DistEdit, for building
                 new interactive group editors and for converting
                 existing single-user editors into group editors with
                 minimal changes to their code. The toolkit allows
                 different users to use their favorite editors to edit a
                 shared file and observe each others' changes as they
                 occur. The toolkit provides fine-grain concurrency
                 control, fault-tolerance, synchronization of views, and
                 support for per-user undo. The authors describe the
                 detailed design and implementation of the DistEdit
                 toolkit and report their experiences in converting
                 several editors, including GNU Emacs and Xedit, to
                 group editors using the toolkit.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130D (Document
                 processing techniques); C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  fjournal =     "Computing Systems",
  keywords =     "Collaboration; Concurrent updates; DistEdit; Edit
                 operations; Fault-tolerance; Fine-grain concurrency
                 control; GNU Emacs; Interactive group editors; Multiple
                 group editors; Per-user undo facilities; Shared file;
                 Toolkit; View synchronization; Xedit",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Concurrency control; Fault tolerant computing;
                 Groupware; Software tools; Synchronisation; Text
                 editing",
}

@InProceedings{Kobayashi:1993:MGM,
  author =       "Y. Kobayashi and M. Nagata",
  title =        "A method for generating messages on the on-line help
                 system based on a user model and a situational model",
  crossref =     "Smith:1993:HIP",
  pages =        "621--626 (vol. 2)",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Messages sent from the existing on-line help systems
                 are either extremely simple or too difficult for the
                 novice user to comprehend. On the other hand, these
                 messages are often too narrow in context for the expert
                 user. One of the reasons for this is that the messages
                 are designed on the assumption that only one 'typical'
                 human model represents all users. In this paper a
                 method is proposed for generating suitable on-line help
                 system messages for each user level. In order to
                 implement this a user model is introduced reflecting
                 the skills of each user and a situational model for
                 each type of usage. The idea being to create a user
                 model and situational model where suitable messages are
                 generated. In this paper these models and our prototype
                 on-line help system for the Emacs editor are discussed.
                 Results of experimental use are also presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Adm. Eng., Keio Univ., Yokohama, Japan",
  classification = "C6180 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Emacs editor; Messages generation; Online help system;
                 Situational model; User model",
  thesaurus =    "Interactive systems; User interfaces",
}

@InProceedings{Kupfer:1993:SM,
  author =       "M. D. Kupfer",
  title =        "Sprite on Mach",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1993:PUM",
  pages =        "307--322",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Sprite is a distributed operating system that supports
                 a fast, single-image network file system and
                 transparent process migration. Over a period of 19
                 months we ported Sprite to run as a server on top of
                 the Mach 3.0 microkernel. Although the resulting server
                 does not implement some Sprite features, it can run in
                 an existing Sprite cluster, and it supports standard
                 UNIX programs like vi, gcc, and make. Porting Sprite to
                 Mach was generally straightforward, though there were
                 some difficulties. Many of the problems were related to
                 asynchronous interactions between the Sprite server,
                 Mach, and Sprite user processes. Others resulted from
                 trying to maintain native Sprite's internal interfaces
                 in the Sprite server. The Sprite server is 22\% smaller
                 than an equivalent Sprite kernel, and it contains
                 almost no machine-dependent code. These improvements
                 should significantly simplify porting Sprite to new
                 hardware platforms. Unfortunately, the Sprite server
                 runs the Andrew benchmark at only 38\% of the speed of
                 native Sprite. None of the performance problems appears
                 insurmountable, but they could require a long time to
                 track down and fix.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA",
  classification = "C5620 (Computer networks and techniques); C6150J
                 (Operating systems); C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  keywords =     "Andrew benchmark; Asynchronous interactions;
                 Distributed operating system; Internal interfaces; Mach
                 3 microkernel; Server; Single-image network file
                 system; Sprite; Standard UNIX programs; Transparent
                 process migration; User processes",
  thesaurus =    "File servers; Multiprocessing programs; Network
                 operating systems; UNIX",
}

@InProceedings{Lai:1993:AAD,
  author =       "Feipei Lai and Shu-Lin Hwang and Tzer-Shyong Chen and
                 Chia-Rung Hsieh",
  title =        "{Arden} --- Architecture Development Environment",
  crossref =     "Baozong:1993:PTI",
  pages =        "5--9 (vol.1)",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes Arden, which is being developed
                 to help architecture design. Arden includes a
                 retargetable compiler and a back-end simulation tool
                 that uses the concepts of object-oriented programming
                 (OOP) to achieve model reusability. The code generator
                 in the Arden compiler uses a tree pattern matching
                 method for instruction selection. An experimental
                 bottom-up matching algorithm that reduces the pattern
                 matching to a numerical computation problem can reduce
                 the space complexity and the search time. A useful
                 instruction description language has been proposed to
                 simplify the architecture specifications. We have
                 implemented the DLX architecture with only 49 rules.
                 Arden has been able to output DLX assembly code and has
                 the same performance as GNU cc output.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci. and Inf. Eng., Nat. Taiwan
                 Univ., Taipei, Taiwan",
  classification = "C5220 (Computer architecture); C6110J
                 (Object-oriented programming); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  keywords =     "Architecture Development Environment; Architecture
                 specification; Arden; Back-end simulation tool; Code
                 generator; DLX architecture; Instruction description
                 language; Model reusability; Object-oriented
                 programming; OOP; Retargetable compiler; Space
                 complexity; Tree pattern matching",
  thesaurus =    "CAD; Computer architecture; Object-oriented
                 programming; Software reusability",
}

@Article{Lea:1993:GCL,
  author =       "D. Lea",
  title =        "The {GNU C++} library",
  journal =      j-C-PLUS-PLUS-REPORT,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "24--27",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "CRPTE7",
  ISSN =         "1040-6042",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-6042",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 08:13:59 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The GNU C++ library (libg++) was one of the first
                 widely available general-purpose C++ class libraries.
                 Libg++ is mainly an `abstract data structure library'.
                 Most libg++ classes are somewhat different in design
                 philosophy, design, and implementation than the classes
                 ordinarily constructed for specific application. This
                 article focuses mainly on these differences without
                 otherwise going into much detail about particular
                 components.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., State Univ. of New York, NY,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  fjournal =     "C++ Report",
  keywords =     "Abstract data structure library; General-purpose C++
                 class libraries; GNU C++ library; Libg++",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Abstract data types; C language; Object-oriented
                 languages; Object-oriented programming; Software
                 reusability",
}

@MastersThesis{Leitz:1993:LEI,
  author =       "Martin Leitz",
  title =        "{LMAKE --- Entwurf und Implementierung eines
                 parallelen Make-Programmes}",
  school =       "Technische Universit{\"a}t Braunschweig",
  address =      "Braunschweig, Germany",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/TUBScsd/1993.bib",
  annote =       "Beschreibung und Bewertung des ISIS-Programmpaketes;
                 Vergleich der parallelen Make-Programme ISIS-PMAKE und
                 GNU/Customs-MAKE; Entwurf, Implementierung und
                 Leistungsbewertung von LMAKE.",
  descriptor =   "Make, Verteiltes System",
}

@Book{Lewis:1993:GEL,
  author =       "Bil Lewis and Daniel LaLiberte and {GNU Manual
                 Group}",
  title =        "{GNU} Emacs Lisp reference manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "2.1",
  pages =        "xiv + 570",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-40-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-40-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "GNU Emacs Version 18 for UNIX users.",
  keywords =     "Emac Lisp (Computer program language); Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Book{Loosemore:1993:GCL,
  author =       "Sandra Loosemore and Roland MacGrath and Andrew Oram
                 and Richard M. Stallmann",
  title =        "The {GNU C Library} reference manual: last updated 20
                 June 1993 for version 1.07 beta",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 654",
  year =         "1993",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 08:15:27 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Nicol:1993:FLS,
  author =       "G. T. Nicol",
  title =        "{Flex}: The Lexical Scanner Generator, for {Flex}
                 Version 2.3.7",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "128 (est.)",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-21-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-21-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.gnupress.org/book11.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Pesch:1993:GID,
  author =       "R. H. Pesch",
  title =        "{GNU} Info: a decade of hypertext experience",
  crossref =     "ACM:1993:CPS",
  pages =        "233--240",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Proprietary software vendors are beginning to awaken
                 to the benefits of online hypertext documentation.
                 Meanwhile, for over a decade, users and developers of
                 free software have been exploiting the hypertext Info
                 documentation format (first introduced by Richard
                 Stallman around 1976). GNU Info formatters and readers
                 are highly portable, running (at least) on all UNIX
                 systems, DOS, VMS, Commodore Amiga and Atari ST; they
                 support hypertext links both within and between
                 documents, including a rich structure of automatic
                 links between the sections of a manual; they provide
                 both integrated index generation and dynamic, arbitrary
                 text searching; and they permit the generation both of
                 printed manuals and online hypertext from a single
                 source.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Cygnus Support, Mountain View, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques); C6130M
                 (Multimedia)",
  keywords =     "Atari ST; Commodore Amiga; Documentation format;
                 Dynamic text searching; Free software; GNU Info;
                 Hypertext links; Integrated index generation; Manual
                 sections; MS-DOS; Online hypertext documentation;
                 Printed manuals; Text formatters; Text readers; UNIX
                 systems; VMS",
  thesaurus =    "Document handling; Hypermedia; Indexing; Public domain
                 software; System documentation; User manuals",
}

@InProceedings{Phillips:1993:SDQ,
  author =       "N. C. K. Phillips",
  title =        "Stream driven query processing in a database",
  crossref =     "Deaton:1993:ACS",
  pages =        "593--597",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The author describes a concurrent mechanism for
                 processing database queries. The database is assumed to
                 be relational and the different relations comprising
                 the database may, if necessary, reside on different
                 computers (linked in a network). The author
                 investigates the feasibility of using concurrency
                 synchronized by data flow constraints. At the top
                 level, the database query manager/interpreter is
                 written in Strand. Upon interpreting a given query,
                 this manager evolves into a network of processes
                 appropriate to the efficient processing of the query.
                 The manager's lower level routines are derived from
                 those of the GNU dbm library. Overall, this approach
                 combines the elegance of programming in a declarative,
                 parallel language with the efficiency of using existing
                 database routines written in C. The author presents an
                 overview of the Strand programming environment and
                 describes the particular database upon which some
                 example queries are based. He covers the processing of
                 a specific query in detail describing the network of
                 processors that result upon interpreting the query and
                 the concurrency exploited in processing the query. He
                 presents other examples of query processing and
                 compares the present approach with an earlier approach
                 based on a Or-parallel Prolog system. A brief overview
                 is given of the derivation of the 'base' routines from
                 those routines provided in the GNU dbm library.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL, USA",
  classification = "C4240P (Parallel programming and algorithm theory);
                 C4250 (Database theory); C6110L (Logic programming);
                 C6110P (Parallel programming); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150N (Distributed systems); C6160D
                 (Relational DBMS)",
  keywords =     "C; Concurrent database query processing; Concurrent
                 mechanism; Data flow constraints; Database query
                 manager/interpreter; Database routines; Declarative
                 parallel language; GNU dbm library; Lower level
                 routines; Or-parallel Prolog system; Relational DBMS;
                 Strand programming environment; Stream driven query
                 processing",
  thesaurus =    "Concurrency control; Logic programming; Parallel
                 languages; Parallel programming; Query processing;
                 Relational databases",
}

@MastersThesis{Reid:1993:IE,
  author =       "Jonathan Makoto Reid",
  title =        "Internationalizing {Emacs}",
  type =         "Thesis (M.S.)",
  school =       "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA",
  pages =        "v + 79",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Stallman:1993:DGG,
  author =       "Richard Stallman and Roland H. Pesch",
  title =        "Debugging with {GDB}: the {GNU} source-level
                 debugger",
  organization = pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "4.09 for {GDB} version 4.9",
  pages =        "vi + 174",
  year =         "1993",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.D43 S73 1993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 31 17:45:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Previous edition published under title: The GDB
                 manual. August 1993.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "debugging in computer science -- computer programs;
                 gdb (computer file)",
}

@Book{Stallman:1993:GEMa,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "8th, {Emacs} version 19",
  pages =        "xiv + 392",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-02-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-02-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs.; Text editors (Computer programs)",
}

@Book{Stallman:1993:GEMb,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "9th, {Emacs} version 19.19",
  pages =        "xiv + 404",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-03-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-03-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 Misc/unix.2.bib; Os/unix.2.bib",
  note =         "This is the official manual for GNU Emacs. It is
                 available both as a typeset document, and online in the
                 Emacs {\tt info} system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer software --- Development.; GNU Emacs
                 (Computer program).; Text editors (Computer
                 programs).",
}

@Article{Steele:1993:FCE,
  author =       "Guy L. {Steele, Jr.} and Danny Hillis and Richard
                 Stallman and Gerald J. Sussman and Marvin Minsky and
                 John McCarthy and John Backus and Fernando Corbat{\'o}
                 and Ronald E. Anderson",
  title =        "Forum: Code of Ethics Reconsidered",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "17--20",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 28 14:58:31 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Stevens:1993:GQP,
  author =       "Roger T. Stevens",
  title =        "Get Quick, Professional Plots with {GNUPLOT}",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "11",
  type =         "User Report",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "99--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@InProceedings{Tiemann:1993:SRP,
  author =       "Michael D. Tiemann",
  title =        "Solving the {RPC} Problem in {GNU C++}",
  crossref =     "Waldo:1993:ECL",
  pages =        "217--233",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 22 08:12:14 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/",
  note =         "Editor: Jim Waldo.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Valdes:1993:TEA,
  author =       "Ray Vald{\'e}s",
  title =        "Text Editors: Algorithms and Architectures",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:15:39 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib; UnCover
                 database",
  abstract =     "From Stallman's GnuEmacs to Microsoft's Word, text
                 editors are one of the most taken-for-granted, yet most
                 often used, applications around. When done right,
                 however, the choice of core algorithms and how they're
                 implemented in the overall architecture can make the
                 difference between a good editor and a great one.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@InProceedings{Wilken:1993:EMA,
  author =       "K. D. Wilken and T. Kong",
  title =        "Efficient memory access checking",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1993:FDP",
  pages =        "566--575",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A new approach provides efficient concurrent checking
                 of memory accesses using a signature embedded into each
                 instance of a data structure, and using a new
                 LOAD/STORE instruction that reads the data structure
                 signature as a side effect. Software memory-access
                 faults are detectable using this approach, including
                 corrupted pointers, uninitialized pointers, stale
                 pointers, and copy overruns. Hardware memory-access
                 faults are also detectable, including faults in the
                 memory access path and the register file. Instruction
                 scheduling minimizes the cost of the side-effect reads,
                 and signatures are checked with little overhead using
                 the hardware monitor previously proposed for signature
                 monitoring. Benchmark results for the MIPS R3000
                 executing code scheduled by a modified GNU C Compiler
                 show that an average of 53\% of the memory accesses are
                 checked, and that access checking causes an average of
                 less than 5\% performance overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Electr. and Comput. Eng., California Univ.,
                 Davis, CA, USA",
  classification = "C5310 (Storage system design); C5470 (Performance
                 evaluation and testing); C6120 (File organisation)",
  keywords =     "Concurrent checking; Copy overruns; Corrupted
                 pointers; Data structure; GNU C Compiler; LOAD/STORE
                 instruction; Memory access checking; MIPS R3000;
                 Register file; Signature; Software memory-access
                 faults; Stale pointers; Uninitialized pointers",
  thesaurus =    "Data structures; Fault tolerant computing",
}

@InProceedings{Yamamura:1993:AFM,
  author =       "K. Yamamura and T. Matsuura",
  title =        "Adapting the {Fujitsu}'s mainframe operating system
                 {MSP} to the open computing environment",
  crossref =     "Abe:1993:PWD",
  pages =        "40--45",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:59:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "In order to adapt the Fujitsu mainframe operating
                 system MSP to the open computing environment, such
                 preliminary attempts as porting the X-Lib and the
                 emacs, and implementing the 1 pr and the rsh to MSP
                 have been carried out. With these attempts,
                 interprocessor-connectivity, resource sharing
                 capability, and an attachment of a flavor of the
                 UNIX-like operational view have been partly realized on
                 the MSP environment. Future plans are also described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Syst. Eng. Dept., Fujitsu Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems); C6150N (Distributed
                 systems)",
  keywords =     "Fujitsu mainframe operating system;
                 Interprocessor-connectivity; MSP; MSP environment; Open
                 computing environment; Resource sharing capability",
  thesaurus =    "Open systems; Operating systems [computers]; Software
                 portability",
}

@Misc{Yggdrasil:1993:YLG,
  author =       "{Yggdrasil Computing, Inc}",
  title =        "{Yggdrasil Linux\slash GNU\slash X} operating system",
  publisher =    pub-YGGDRASIL,
  address =      pub-YGGDRASIL:adr,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "1069-3955",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 4 18:45:07 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "1 computer laser optical disk.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  alttitle =     "Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X operating system Linux, GNU, X
                 operating system",
  annote =       "System requirements: 386/486 CPU, 8MB RAM, high
                 density floppy, 100 MB disk and SCSI CDROM drive with
                 Adaptec 1542B, Future Domain TMC-1660/1680, Seagate
                 ST01/02, Ultrastor 14F, or Western Digital 7000fasst
                 SCSI controller.",
}

@InProceedings{Alves:1994:CGA,
  author =       "J. Alves and M. Held and M. Glesner",
  title =        "A code generator for an application specific pipelined
                 processor",
  crossref =     "Yuksel:1994:MEC",
  pages =        "306--308 (vol. 1)",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper presents a system to generate and compact
                 microcode for an application specific pipelined
                 processor. The front end is based on the GNU C
                 compiler, and translates a C source file into pseudo
                 assembly code. A scheduler organizes the assembly
                 instructions and generates the final compacted
                 microcode. Although not as efficient as hand-written
                 code, it allows the use of a high level programming
                 language to generate machine code for this processor,
                 and to experiment with new algorithms to map onto the
                 special processor's architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "INESC, Porto, Portugal",
  classification = "C5220P (Parallel architecture); C5440
                 (Multiprocessing systems); C6115 (Programming support);
                 C6140B (Machine-oriented languages); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  keywords =     "Application specific pipelined processor; Assembly
                 instructions; C source file; Code generator; GNU C
                 compiler; Hand-written code; High level programming
                 language; Machine code; Pseudo assembly code;
                 Scheduler; Special processor architecture",
  thesaurus =    "Application generators; C language; Firmware;
                 Microprogramming; Pipeline processing; Program
                 compilers; Program interpreters; Software tools",
}

@Article{Arceneaux:1994:CGI,
  author =       "Joseph Arceneaux",
  title =        "{CUG392} --- {GNU} Indent {v1.8}",
  journal =      j-CUJ,
  volume =       "12",
  type =         "CUG New Release",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  ISSN =         "0898-9788",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-9788",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C Users Journal",
}

@Article{Bagley:1994:EIT,
  author =       "S. C. Bagley and G. E. kopec",
  title =        "Editing images of text",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "63--72",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This article describes Image EMACS, a text editor for
                 scanned document images, which illustrates an
                 intermediate point between the bitmap editing and
                 format conversion paradigms. The aim of Image EMACS is
                 to provide familiar high level editing commands in a
                 context that preserves document appearance except where
                 the commands are actually applied. The inputs and
                 outputs of Image EMACS are binary images of text. The
                 primary document representation within Image EMACS is a
                 collection of image elements extracted through simple
                 geometrical analysis, rather than an abstract symbolic
                 description of the image. Image EMACS is based on a
                 principle of minimal interpretation: perform image
                 analysis only to the extent necessary to carry out
                 operations explicitly requested by the user. Adherence
                 to this principle avoids the format conversion problems
                 previously noted. Our approach also builds on existing
                 networks and protocols for communicating document
                 images and provides a natural and smoothly evolving
                 path from paper-based work flows toward the ubiquitous
                 use and interchange of electronic documents. Image
                 EMACS can be viewed as an extreme form of a WYSIWYG
                 (What You See Is What You Get) page composition
                 system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Syst. and Practices Lab., Xerox Palo Alto Res. Center,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "C6130B (Graphics techniques); C6130D (Document
                 processing techniques)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "Abstract symbolic description; Bitmap editing; Format
                 conversion paradigm; Geometrical analysis; High level
                 editing commands; Image analysis; Image EMACS; Minimal
                 interpretation; Page composition system; Paper-based
                 work flows; Primary document representation; Scanned
                 document images; Text editor",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Computer graphics; Document image processing; Text
                 editing",
}

@InProceedings{Beattie:1994:TPT,
  author =       "M. Beattie",
  title =        "{TkPerl} --- a port of the {Tk} toolkit to {Perl5}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1994:PUS",
  pages =        "71--82",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "TkPerl is a port (work in progress) of the Tk toolkit
                 to Perl5. rr *. It takes advantage of Perl5's object
                 oriented features and magic variables to implement the
                 Tk toolkit in Perl5. Nothing passes through the Tcl
                 parser so knowledge of Tcl syntax is not required to
                 use TkPerl. TkPerl is freeware (distributed under the
                 GNU General Public License) and is currently in alpha
                 testing. The paper introduces TkPerl and presents a
                 brief section on its target uses. Since TkPerl relies
                 heavily on the object oriented features of Perl5 (which
                 is itself only just into beta test), the paper explains
                 how Perl5 implements classes, objects and methods. It
                 discusses the differences between Tk/Tcl and TkPerl
                 both at scripting level and at C level. It also looks
                 at some of the porting issues and problems and how Tcl
                 conventions affect the design of Tk itself. The current
                 intentions for the future of TkPerl are explained and
                 availability information is presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Oxford Univ., UK",
  classification = "C4210L (Formal languages and computational
                 linguistics); C6110B (Software engineering techniques);
                 C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  keywords =     "C level; Classes; Freeware; Magic variables; Object
                 oriented features; Perl5; Port; Porting issues;
                 Scripting level; Tcl parser; Tcl syntax; Tk toolkit;
                 TkPerl",
  thesaurus =    "Grammars; High level languages; Object-oriented
                 programming; Public domain software; Software
                 portability",
}

@Article{Butt:1994:RDS,
  author =       "Farooq Butt",
  title =        "Rapid development of a source-level debugger for
                 {PowerPC} microprocessors",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:58 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5130 (Microprocessor chips); C6115 (Programming
                 support); C6140B (Machine-oriented languages); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Compiler and Tools Group, RISC Software Group, Austin,
                 TX, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "compile-edit-debug environment; design cycle times;
                 emergent microprocessors; gdb; instruction sets;
                 microprocessor chips; Motorola PowerPC 601
                 microprocessor; Motorola PowerPC 603 microprocessor;
                 PowerPC instruction set; PowerPC microprocessors;
                 program compilers; program debugging; rapid
                 development; software microprocessor simulator;
                 software tools; software-development environment;
                 source-level debugger; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Comar:1994:GPG,
  author =       "C. Comar and F. Gasperoni and E. Schonberg",
  title =        "The {GNAT} project: a {GNU-ADA94} compiler",
  journal =      j-TECHNIQUE-SCI-INFORMATIQUES,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "817--836",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "TTSIDJ",
  ISSN =         "0752-4072 (print), 2116-5920 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0752-4072",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The GNAT project at New York University is building a
                 high-quality Ada94 compiler, to be distributed free and
                 with sources, following the successful mechanisms
                 established by the Free Software Foundation for the Gcc
                 compiler. GNAT will allow students, academics, and
                 software professionals to experiment as early as
                 possible with the new version of Ada. GNAT will also
                 help the spread of Ada to the software community at
                 large.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Courant Inst. of Math. Sci., New York Univ., NY, USA",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "Technique et science informatiques : TSI",
  keywords =     "GNAT project; GNU-ADA94 compiler; Software
                 professionals",
  language =     "French",
  pubcountry =   "France",
  thesaurus =    "Ada; Program compilers; Public domain software",
}

@Book{Drexl:1994:WPC,
  author =       "Josef Drexl",
  title =        "What is protected in a computer program?: copyright
                 protection in the {United States} and {Europe}",
  volume =       "15",
  publisher =    "VCH",
  address =      "Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany",
  pages =        "xvi + 124",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "3-527-28688-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-527-28688-1",
  LCCN =         "K1443.C6 D73 1994",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 24 09:59:07 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "DM98.00",
  series =       "IIC studies",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0706/95158908-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/wiley022/95158908.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Revision of author's thesis (LL.M.)--University of
                 California at Berkeley, 1993.",
  subject =      "Copyright; Computer programs; United States; Europe",
}

@InProceedings{Ertl:1994:PFE,
  author =       "M. A. Ertl",
  title =        "A portable {Forth} engine",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1994:FCP",
  pages =        "253--257",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The Forth engine discussed in this paper is written in
                 GNU C, which provides several extensions that are
                 important for Forth implementation. The indirect
                 threaded Forth engine is completely
                 machine-independent, direct threading requires a few
                 lines machine-specific lines for each machine. Using a
                 portable language like GNU C encourages producing an
                 engine with many primitives. In order to make the
                 development of primitives easier and less error-prone,
                 an automatic tool generates most of the code for a
                 Forth primitive from the stack effect notation, even if
                 the TOS is kept in a register. The engine is combined
                 with the parts of the system written in Forth by
                 loading a machine-independent image file that contains
                 the executable Forth code in relocatable form.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. fur Computersprachen, Tech. Univ. Wien,
                 Austria",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6115
                 (Programming support); C6140D (High level languages)",
  keywords =     "Automatic tool; Code generation; Direct threading; GNU
                 C; Indirect threaded Forth engine; Machine-independent;
                 Machine-independent image file; Portable Forth engine;
                 Portable language; Stack effect notation; TOS",
  thesaurus =    "Automatic programming; C language; FORTH; Software
                 portability; Software tools",
}

@InProceedings{Fine:1994:UCP,
  author =       "V. Fine and E. Potrebenikova",
  title =        "Using {CERNLIB}, {PAW} and {GEANT} packages on {PCs}
                 under {DJGPP}",
  crossref =     "Becks:1994:NCT",
  pages =        "151--156",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper describes the result of porting the parts of
                 the CERN program library (release 93d) for high energy
                 physics on IBM PC AT/386-compatible computers under
                 MS-DOS and GNUish tools provided by Free Software
                 Foundation Inc. GCC is the GNU version of a
                 public-domain C compiler and is available on many
                 platforms. DJGPP is a special DOS Extender and port of
                 the GNU gcc/g++ compiler to the 386/DOS platform. This
                 allows 32-bit protected applications to be run under
                 MS-DOS with full virtual memory support. Various
                 libraries and utilities are provided also. F2C is a
                 Fortran to C converter. This work was supported by
                 CERN, FermiLab and JINR institutes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "JINR, Dubna, Russia",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C7320 (Physics and
                 chemistry computing)",
  keywords =     "32-Bit protected applications; 386/DOS platform; CERN
                 program library; CERNLIB; DJGPP; DOS Extender; F2C;
                 Fortran to C converter; Free Software Foundation Inc;
                 GCC; GEANT packages; GNU gcc/g++ compiler; GNU version;
                 GNUish tools; High energy physics; IBM PC
                 AT/386-compatible computers; MS-DOS; PAW; PCs;
                 Public-domain C compiler; Virtual memory support",
  thesaurus =    "C language; IBM computers; Microcomputer applications;
                 Physics computing; Program compilers; Public domain
                 software; Subroutines",
}

@Article{Floyd:1994:CLT,
  author =       "Michael A. Floyd",
  title =        "A Conversation with {Linus Torvalds}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "27--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@InProceedings{Geiring:1994:GAR,
  author =       "E. W. Geiring and T. Baker",
  title =        "The {GNU Ada Runtime Library} ({GNARL})",
  crossref =     "ACM:1994:AAA",
  pages =        "97--107",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 19:42:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  searchkey =    "ti:gawk or gnu",
}

@Article{Granlund:1994:DII,
  author =       "Torbj{\"o}rn Granlund and Peter L. Montgomery",
  title =        "Division by invariant integers using multiplication",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "61--72",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-598-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-598-4",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:51 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/pldi/178243/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/pmontgom/divcnst.psa4.gz;
                 ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/pmontgom/divcnst.psl.gz;
                 http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pldi/178243/p61-granlund/",
  abstract =     "Integer division remains expensive on today's
                 processors as the cost of integer multiplication
                 declines. We present code sequences for division by
                 arbitrary nonzero integer constants and run-time
                 invariants using integer multiplication. The algorithms
                 assume a two's complement architecture. Most also
                 require that the upper half of an integer product be
                 quickly accessible. We treat unsigned division, signed
                 division where the quotient rounds towards zero, signed
                 division where the quotient rounds towards {\em
                 -[infinity]\/}, and division where the result is known
                 a priori to be exact. We give some implementation
                 results using the C compiler GCC.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Cygnus Support, Mountain View, CA, USA",
  annote =       "Published as part of the Proceedings of PLDI'94.",
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C6110 (Systems
                 analysis and programming); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  confdate =     "20-24 June 1994",
  conflocation = "Orlando, FL, USA; 20-24 June 1994",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  conftitle =    "ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Programming Language
                 Design and Implementation (PLDI)",
  corpsource =   "Cygnus Support, Mountain View, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "algorithms; Arbitrary nonzero integer constants;
                 arbitrary nonzero integer constants; C compiler; Code
                 sequences; code sequences; digital arithmetic; Floating
                 point arithmetic; floating point arithmetic; GCC;
                 Integer division; integer division; Integer
                 multiplication; integer multiplication; Invariant
                 integers; invariant integers; mathematics computing;
                 Multiplication; multiplication; performance; program;
                 program compilers; programming; reduced instruction set
                 computing; RISC processors; Run-time invariants;
                 run-time invariants; Signed division; signed division;
                 Two's complement architecture; two's complement
                 architecture; Unsigned division; unsigned division",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  subject =      "{\bf G.1.0} Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL
                 ANALYSIS, General, Computer arithmetic. {\bf F.2.1}
                 Theory of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND
                 PROBLEM COMPLEXITY, Numerical Algorithms and Problems.
                 {\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Compilers.",
  thesaurus =    "Digital arithmetic; Mathematics computing; Program
                 compilers; Programming; Reduced instruction set
                 computing",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Book{Hahn:1994:UU,
  author =       "Harley Hahn",
  title =        "{UNIX} unbound",
  publisher =    pub-OSBORNE-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-OSBORNE-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xxxi + 792",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-07-882050-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-882050-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 H343 1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "At head of title: Open computing. Introduction to UNIX
                 --- What is UNIX? --- The UNIX connection --- Starting
                 to use UNIX --- Starting with X window --- Using the
                 keyboard with UNIX --- Programs to use right away
                 (including games) --- The online UNIX manual ---
                 Command syntax --- The shell --- Using the C-shell ---
                 Using the Korn shell --- Communicating with other
                 people --- Netwrks and addresses --- Mail ---
                 Redirection and pipes --- Filters --- Displaying files
                 --- Printing files --- The vi editor --- The emacs
                 editor --- The UNIX file system --- Working with
                 directories --- Working with files --- Processes and
                 job control --- Summary of UNIX commands covered in
                 this book --- Summary of UNIX commands by category ---
                 Summary of vi commands --- Summary of emacs commands
                 --- The ASCII code --- List of Internet top-level
                 domains --- Glossary.",
  keywords =     "Internet (Computer network) --- Handbooks, manuals,
                 etc.; Operating systems (Computers) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.; UNIX (Computer file) --- Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc.",
}

@InProceedings{Harlander:1994:CSA,
  author =       "Magnus Harlander",
  title =        "Central System Administration in a Heterogeneous
                 {Unix} Environment: {GeNUAdmin}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1994:PES",
  pages =        "1--8",
  day =          "19--23",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:24:24 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "GeNUA mbH, Muenchen, Germany",
}

@Article{Hatton:1994:HAS,
  author =       "L. Hatton and A. Roberts",
  title =        "How accurate is scientific software?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "785--797",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/32.328993",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-5589",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 1 11:00:42 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranssoftweng1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=328993",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=32",
  remark-0 =     "This interesting paper compares seismic-data
                 processing results from nine major proprietary software
                 packages, and argues that, because of the huge
                 commercial importance of seismic exploration for oil,
                 gas, and earthquake faults, and because the software
                 packages have been in use for decades, that they should
                 be expected to be more reliable than most scientific
                 software. The experiments showed that they are not, but
                 significant improvements are possible, and the causes
                 of the differences are analyzed, reported to vendors,
                 and in some cases, fixed and the tests are repeated.
                 The importance of having independent implementations of
                 software that are portable to numerous hardware and
                 operating-system platforms is emphasized: that is,
                 monoculture is bad in software, just as it is in
                 life.",
  remark-1 =     "From page 790: ``So far, nine [of the seismic software
                 package vendors] have participated, and it is hoped
                 that ultimately all will, because the benefits to be
                 gained by them are enormous. There is simply no other
                 way of detecting the bugs that lead to differences
                 highlighted by this study. The packages represent
                 several distinct software architectures and very
                 different machine environments from supercomputer to
                 workstation. Although each one is typically around
                 750,000 source lines, the current experiment probably
                 illuminated only around 150,000 of these. (Note that an
                 individual process requires, on average, 5000 lines or
                 so to implement it.) It is unfortunate that most
                 application areas do not share the same rich
                 competitive environment, because it presents a major
                 opportunity to assess the consistency of the process as
                 a precursor to improving it. Ironically, open
                 environments that swap their software lose this vital
                 degree of freedom --- an unfortunate example of
                 scientific cooperation being positively damaging.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 791: ``They [the bugs] are a manifestation
                 of the well-known one-off array index problem (cf.,
                 e.g., [15]) and are obvious evidence of errors.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 795: ``There was no commonality between
                 these particular errors, but one particular class of
                 error whereby array bound indices were incorrect by one
                 or even two samples occurred so frequently in all
                 packages that the data had to be corrected for the
                 shifts before the comparison statistics were measured,
                 as has already been mentioned.''",
  remark-4 =     "From page 796: ``The overall conclusions, then, are
                 very simple, but may have far reaching implications for
                 computationally realized science of any form. (1) The
                 observed mean decay in agreement in this dataset would
                 be explained by an approximate cumulative
                 precision-loss of 1\% every 4000 source lines (about
                 every 3000 executable source lines) in terms of average
                 absolute difference, and is some three orders of
                 magnitude worse than running the same software on
                 different machines.''",
  remark-5 =     "From page 797: ``Open environments that swap their
                 software rather than rewriting it independently lose an
                 important way of checking the accuracy of the results.
                 Conventional engineers know this as common-mode
                 failure. Historically, quality control of physical
                 experiments has been very high, with little credence
                 being attached to results that have not been repeatable
                 independently. Unfortunately, these high standards are
                 not generally applied to software, in spite of the fact
                 that it is almost certainly harder to write a correct
                 program of any significant size than repeat many
                 physical experiments.''",
  remark-6 =     "From page 797: ``In light of the above, it is a
                 sobering thought to consider that scientists frequently
                 expect very high accuracy in their computations, for
                 example, the widely reported NASA COBE experiment
                 detecting ripples in the cosmic ray background, which
                 is based on the existence of reliable data at the
                 0.001\% level. If such data are the subject of any
                 significant data processing other than basic bit
                 shifting, in particular algorithms involving
                 substantial floating-point arithmetic, the lessons of
                 the experiment reported here strongly suggest the use
                 of several independently developed sets of analysis
                 software as an important step in building confidence in
                 the results. This may seem an inordinately expensive
                 way forward; but then so is the traditional requirement
                 for repeat-ability in physical experiments, and
                 physical scientists would not dream of dispensing with
                 that safeguard.''",
}

@InProceedings{Johnson:1994:SMC,
  author =       "J. H. Johnson",
  title =        "Substring matching for clone detection and change
                 tracking",
  crossref =     "Muller:1994:ICS",
  pages =        "120--126",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Legacy systems pose problems to maintainers that can
                 be solved partially with effective tools. A prototype
                 tool for determining collections of files sharing a
                 large amount of text has been developed and applied to
                 a 40 megabyte source tree containing two releases of
                 the gcc compiler. Similarities in source code and
                 documentation corresponding to software cloning,
                 movement and inertia between releases, as well as the
                 effects of preprocessing easily stand out in a way that
                 immediately conveys nonobvious structural information
                 to a maintainer taking responsibility for such a
                 system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Eng. Lab., Nat. Res. Council of Canada,
                 Ottawa, Ont., Canada",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6115
                 (Programming support); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters
                 and other processors); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing,
                 debugging and evaluating systems)",
  keywords =     "Change tracking; Clone detection; Design recovery;
                 Documentation; Gcc compiler; Legacy systems; Program
                 understanding; Prototype tool; Reverse engineering;
                 Software cloning; Source code; Source tree; Structural
                 information",
  thesaurus =    "Configuration management; Program compilers; Program
                 diagnostics; Software maintenance; Software tools",
}

@InProceedings{Johnson:1994:VTR,
  author =       "J. H. Johnson",
  title =        "Visualizing textual redundancy in legacy source",
  crossref =     "Botsford:1994:PCI",
  pages =        "9--18",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "As a result of maintenance activity, legacy systems
                 contain repeated text in the form of large and small
                 blocks that appear in more or less the same form in
                 several places. These repetitions define a structure
                 that can contribute information about the development
                 history of the source different from the documented
                 version or the current directory structure. A strategy
                 based on fingerprinting is used to obtain raw matches
                 indicating where repetitions occur. The information
                 inherent in these matches is then reorganized for
                 easier processing, leading to a natural clustering of
                 substrings. Suppression of detail is usually necessary
                 to make further progress and can be done in several
                 different ways. For example, matches of blocks of text
                 identify associations within groups of files. In cases
                 with complex clusters of files involving multiple
                 overlapping subsets of files, Hasse diagrams can
                 support visualization. Techniques useful for
                 understanding such graphs can then be employed to
                 provide significant insights into the structure of the
                 redundancy and hence the source. The paper discusses
                 this approach and shows results obtained from an
                 example of reasonable size (40 MBytes of source based
                 on two releases of the GNU gcc compiler).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. for Inf. Technol., Nat. Res. Council of Canada,
                 Ottawa, Ont., Canada",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6120
                 (File organisation); C6130B (Graphics techniques);
                 C6130D (Document processing techniques)",
  keywords =     "40 MByte; Complex file clusters; Detail suppression;
                 Directory structure; Documented version; File groups;
                 Fingerprinting; GNU gcc compiler; Graph understanding;
                 Hasse diagrams; Information reorganization; Legacy
                 systems; Multiple overlapping subsets; Raw matches;
                 Repeated text; Software development history; Software
                 maintenance activity; Substring clustering; Text
                 blocks; Textual redundancy visualization",
  numericalindex = "Memory size 4.2E+07 Byte",
  thesaurus =    "Data visualisation; File organisation; Redundancy;
                 Software maintenance; String matching; System
                 documentation; Text editing",
}

@InProceedings{Kakeshita:1994:FCS,
  author =       "T. Kakeshita and M. Oda and Y. Imamura",
  title =        "Fall-in {C}: a software tool for pitfall detection in
                 {C} programs",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1994:FAS",
  pages =        "256--265",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Programming language C has a flexible structure, and
                 its compiler generates compact and efficient object
                 codes. However slight bugs (pitfall) which cannot be
                 detected by the compiler may cause a serious error in C
                 programs. We are developing a software tool Fall-in C
                 to detect such pitfalls. The paper demonstrates the
                 basic features of Fall-in C. In order to enable a
                 programmer to correct the detected pitfalls
                 immediately, Fall-in C is executed within GNU Emacs
                 editor. Pitfalls in C programs are mainly ad hoc. Thus
                 we prepare three pitfall detection methods for the
                 extensibility of Fall-in C: regular expression
                 searching, structural pattern matching and message
                 analysis of external programs. The patterns for the
                 first two methods can be easily added to Fall-in C.
                 Furthermore the message analysis method can be used to
                 integrate several C program checkers such as lint,
                 check and cchk into Fall-in C.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Inf. Sci., Saga Univ., Japan",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6115
                 (Programming support); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  keywords =     "C program checkers; C programs; Compiler; Detection
                 methods; Efficient object codes; Extensibility;
                 External programs; Fall-in C; GNU Emacs editor; Message
                 analysis; Pitfall detection; Programming language C;
                 Regular expression searching; Software tool; Structural
                 pattern matching",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Program testing; Software fault tolerance;
                 Software tools",
}

@Article{Kawaguti:1994:CUI,
  author =       "Minato Kawaguti and Norio Kitajima",
  title =        "Concurrent use of interactive {\TeX} previewer with an
                 {Emacs-type} Editor",
  journal =      j-TUGboat,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "293--300",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  ISSN-L =       "0896-3207",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/",
}

@Article{Kehoe:1994:PFS,
  author =       "Brendan Kehoe",
  title =        "Portability and Free Software",
  journal =      j-DDDU,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1079-8595",
  ISSN-L =       "1079-8595",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 04 08:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Developer Update",
}

@InProceedings{Kitani:1994:MID,
  author =       "T. Kitani",
  title =        "Merging information by discourse processing for
                 information extraction",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1994:PTC",
  pages =        "412--418",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "In information extraction tasks, a finite-state
                 pattern matcher is widely used to identify individual
                 pieces of information in a sentence. Merging related
                 pieces of information scattered throughout a text is
                 usually difficult, however, since semantic relations
                 across sentences cannot be captured by the sentence
                 level processing. The purpose of the discourse
                 processing described in this paper is to link
                 individual pieces of information identified by the
                 sentence level processing. In the Tipster information
                 extraction domains, correct identification of company
                 names is the key to achieving a high level of system
                 performance. Therefore, the discourse processor in the
                 Textract information extraction system keeps track of
                 missing, abbreviated, and referenced company names in
                 order to correlate individual pieces of information
                 throughout the text. Furthermore, the discourse is
                 segmented, so that data can be extracted from relevant
                 portions of the text containing information of interest
                 related to a particular tie-up relationship.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Center for Machine Translation, Carnegie Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C6180N (Natural
                 language processing); C7100 (Business and
                 administration); C7240 (Information analysis and
                 indexing); C7250 (Information storage and retrieval)",
  keywords =     "Abbreviated names; Company name identification;
                 Discourse processing; Finance; Finite-state pattern
                 matcher; Information correlation; Information
                 extraction; Information merging; Japanese GNU AWK;
                 Japanese morphological analyzer; Majesty; Missing
                 names; Natural language processing; Newspaper articles;
                 Referenced names; Segmented discourse; Semantic
                 relations; Sentence level processing; System
                 performance; Textract; Tie-up relationship; Tipster",
  thesaurus =    "Commerce; Information analysis; Information retrieval;
                 Merging; Natural languages",
}

@InProceedings{Kozuch:1994:CES,
  author =       "M. Kozuch and A. Wolfe",
  title =        "Compression of embedded system programs",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1994:PII",
  pages =        "270--277",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Embedded systems are often sensitive to space, weight,
                 and cost considerations. Reducing the size of stored
                 programs can significantly improve these factors. This
                 paper discusses a program compression methodology based
                 on existing processor architectures. The authors
                 examine practical and theoretical measures for the
                 maximum compression rate of a suite of programs across
                 six modern architectures. The theoretical compression
                 rate is reported in terms of the zeroth and first-order
                 entropies, while the practical compression rate is
                 reported in terms of the Huffman-encoded format of the
                 proposed compression methodology and the GNU file
                 compression utility, gzip. These experiments indicate
                 that a practical increase of 15\%--30\% and a
                 theoretical increase of over 100\% in code density can
                 be expected using the techniques examined. In addition,
                 a novel, greedy, variable-length-to variable-length
                 encoding algorithm is presented with preliminary
                 results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Princeton Univ., NJ, USA",
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6130
                 (Data handling techniques)",
  keywords =     "Code density; Cost; Embedded system program
                 compression; GNU file compression utility; Gzip;
                 Huffman-encoded format; Maximum compression rate;
                 Processor architectures; Program compression
                 methodology; Space; Stored program size; Theoretical
                 compression rate; Weight",
  thesaurus =    "Data compression; Encoding; Huffman codes;
                 Programming; Real-time systems",
}

@Article{Leary:1994:NCD,
  author =       "K. Leary",
  title =        "Numerical {C} and {DSP}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "18--24, 90",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJSDM",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Digital-signal processors have traditionally been
                 difficult to program in high-level languages such as C.
                 Numerical C, a new high-level language built on the
                 Free Software Foundation's GNU C compiler (gcc), makes
                 it easier to program DSP applications and related
                 mathematical algorithms. It is easy to use, and it also
                 makes it easier to produce better code for the target.
                 Numerical C is a superset of ANSI-standard C. It
                 differs from Standard C in that the additional language
                 constructs are geared to mathematical-programming
                 paradigms. These constructs enable the compiler to
                 generate more-efficient code by giving the compiler
                 more information about the algorithm and by enforcing a
                 canonical form on the input program. The most important
                 extensions that have been added to gcc include
                 operators, data types, and iterators. This article
                 focuses on complex numbers and iterators using Analog
                 Devices' implementation of Numerical C for the
                 ADSP-21060 SHARC DSP as an example.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C5260 (Digital
                 signal processing); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "ADSP-21060 SHARC DSP; ANSI-standard C; Compiler;
                 Complex numbers; Data types; DSP; GNU C compiler;
                 High-level languages; Iterators;
                 Mathematical-programming paradigms",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "C language; C listings; Digital arithmetic; Program
                 compilers; Signal processing",
}

@Book{Lewis:1994:GEL,
  author =       "Bil Lewis and Daniel LaLiberte and {GNU Manual
                 Group}",
  title =        "The {GNU Emacs Lisp} reference manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "2.3",
  pages =        "",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-40-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-40-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "GNU Emacs Version 19.25 for UNIX users",
  keywords =     "Emac Lisp (Computer program language); Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Article{Li:1994:CFC,
  author =       "Chung-Chi Jim Li and E. M. Stewart and W. K. Fuchs",
  title =        "Compiler-assisted full checkpointing",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "871--886",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper describes a compiler-based approach to
                 checkpointing for process recovery. The implementation
                 is transparent to both the programmer and the hardware.
                 The compiler-generated sparse potential checkpoint code
                 maintains the desired checkpoint interval. Adaptive
                 checkpointing reduces the size of the checkpoints.
                 Training is used to select low-cost, high-coverage
                 potential checkpoints. The problem of selecting
                 potential checkpoints is shown to be NP-complete, and a
                 heuristic algorithm is introduced that determines a
                 quick suboptimal solution. These compiler-assisted
                 checkpointing techniques have been implemented in a
                 modified version of the GNU C (GCC) compiler.
                 Experiments involving the modified version of the GCC
                 compiler on a Sun SPARC workstation are summarized.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Symbol Technol. Inc., Bohemia, NY, USA",
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "Adaptive checkpointing; Checkpoint interval;
                 Compiler-based approach; Compiler-generated sparse
                 potential checkpoint code; GCC; GNU C; Heuristic
                 algorithm; High-coverage potential checkpoints;
                 NP-complete; Process recovery; Quick suboptimal
                 solution; Sun SPARC workstation",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Computational complexity; Fault tolerant computing;
                 Program compilers; System recovery",
}

@Article{Li:1994:ILT,
  author =       "Sing Li",
  title =        "An Interview with {Linus Torvalds}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "26--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Maruyama:1994:COL,
  author =       "K. Maruyama and N. Raguideau",
  title =        "Concurrent object-oriented language '{COOL}'",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "105--114",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "COOL is a distributed concurrent object-oriented
                 language. It includes active objects and passive
                 objects, and has advanced multiprocessing capability
                 and efficiency for realtime applications. The global
                 object ID allows network-transparent message passing
                 and distributed processing. It is a strongly typed
                 language with a rich set of data types for system
                 programming. This language allows runtime efficiency,
                 program readability and compile-time checking. Module
                 constructs help large system implementations. COOL
                 design is largely influenced by Pascal, Modula-2,
                 Oberon and Chill. C and C++ are also referenced for
                 linking with their programs. A compiler has been
                 implemented by rewriting the front-end of the gcc
                 compiler.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "NTT Commun. Switching Lab., Tokyo, Japan",
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6110P
                 (Parallel programming); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "Active objects; C; C++; Chill; Compile-time checking;
                 Compiler; COOL; Data types; Distributed concurrent
                 object-oriented language; Distributed processing; Gcc
                 compiler; Modula-2; Multiprocessing;
                 Network-transparent message passing; Oberon; Pascal;
                 Passive objects; Program readability; Realtime
                 applications; Runtime efficiency; Strongly typed
                 language; System programming",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Message passing; Object-oriented languages;
                 Object-oriented programming; Parallel languages;
                 Parallel programming; Program compilers",
}

@Article{Maskit:1994:MPS,
  author =       "D. Maskit and S. Taylor",
  title =        "A message-driven programming system for fine-grain
                 multicomputers",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "953--980",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper describes an experimental message-driven
                 programming system for fine-grain multicomputers. The
                 initial target architecture is the J-machine designed
                 at MIT. This machine combines a unique collection of
                 architectural features that include fine-grain
                 processes, on-chip associative memory; and hardware
                 support for process synchronization. The programming
                 system uses these mechanisms via a simple
                 message-driven process model that blurs the distinction
                 between processes and messages: messages correspond to
                 processes that are executed elsewhere in the network.
                 This model allows code and data to be distributed
                 across the computers in the machine, and is supported
                 at every stage of the program development cycle. The
                 prototype system we have developed includes a basic set
                 of programming tools to support the model; these
                 include a compiler, linker, archiver, loader and
                 microkernel. Although the concepts are language
                 independent, our prototype system is based on GNU-C.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Scalable Concurrent Programming Lab., California Inst.
                 of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA",
  classification = "C5220P (Parallel architecture); C5440
                 (Multiprocessing systems); C6110P (Parallel
                 programming); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors); C6150N (Distributed systems software)",
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "Archiver; Compiler; Experimental message-driven
                 programming system; Fine-grain multicomputers;
                 Fine-grain processes; GNU-C; Hardware support;
                 J-machine; Linker; Loader; Message passing;
                 Microkernel; On-chip associative memory; Process
                 synchronization; Program development cycle; Programming
                 tools",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Message passing; Multiprocessing systems; Parallel
                 architectures; Parallel programming; Program
                 processors; Synchronisation",
}

@InProceedings{Mittag:1994:UGC,
  author =       "L. Mittag",
  title =        "Using {GNU C} for Cross-Development",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1994:PSA",
  pages =        "45--50",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 19:42:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  searchkey =    "ti:gawk or gnu",
}

@InProceedings{Muller:1994:OSR,
  author =       "G. Muller and M. Hue and N. Peyrouze",
  title =        "Operating system: results of the {FTM} experiment",
  crossref =     "Echtle:1994:DCE",
  pages =        "491--508",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents an evaluation of the performance
                 of a consistent checkpointing mechanism that has been
                 integrated into a modular Mach microkernel based
                 operating system. We have measured the performance
                 overhead of checkpointing for several
                 workstation-typical applications: number crunching and
                 office tools. This has been done using specific servers
                 which were added to a standard Mach 3.0/BSD system.
                 Measurements are performed for failure-free executions
                 by varying the number of checkpoints and thus the
                 amount of computation lost in the event of a crash. Our
                 initial results showed a time overhead of about 3\% for
                 up to 20\% work lost in the event of a crash, while we
                 get an overhead between 16\% and 23\% for up to 1\%
                 computation lost. Also, when porting interactive office
                 tools such as the micro-emacs text editor, we get a
                 maximal checkpoint duration of 1.4 second on our
                 prototype machine that is as powerful as a Sun 3/60.
                 Based on these results, we argue that checkpointing can
                 be integrated into a modular micro-kernel based
                 operating system without degradation of the system
                 performances.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "INRIA, IRISA, Rennes, France",
  classification = "C5470 (Performance evaluation and testing); C6150J
                 (Operating systems)",
  keywords =     "Consistent checkpointing mechanism; Interactive office
                 tools; Mach 3.0/BSD system; Maximal checkpoint;
                 Micro-emacs text editor; Modular Mach microkernel based
                 operating system; Number crunching; Office tools;
                 Operating system; Performance overhead; Sun 3/60;
                 System performances; Workstation-typical applications",
  thesaurus =    "Fault tolerant computing; Operating system kernels;
                 Performance evaluation; Software performance
                 evaluation",
}

@Article{Murdock:1994:ODG,
  author =       "Ian Murdock",
  title =        "Overview of the {Debian GNU\slash Linux} System",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue6/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue6/debian.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Oda:1994:PDC,
  author =       "M. Oda and T. Kakeshita",
  title =        "Pitfall detection of {C} programs using pattern
                 matching",
  journal =      j-TRANS-INFO-PROCESSING-SOC-JAPAN,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2427--2436",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "JSGRD5",
  ISSN =         "0387-5806",
  ISSN-L =       "0387-5806",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The programming language C has a flexible structure
                 and its compiler generates compact and efficient object
                 codes. However the compiler cannot detect some types of
                 bugs hidden in the program. We are developing a
                 software tool Fall-in C to detect such types of bugs,
                 or pitfalls, in C programs. In contrast with lint,
                 Fall-in C is executed within GNU Emacs editor in order
                 to enable a programmer to correct the detected pitfalls
                 immediately. Furthermore Fall-in C uses pattern
                 matching for pitfall detection so that programmers can
                 augment the detectable pitfall types by adding the
                 corresponding patterns. Fall-in C uses both regular
                 expression searching and structural pattern matching in
                 order to detect pitfalls in C programs. A regular
                 expression can efficiently detect lexical pitfalls
                 while it detects erroneous pitfalls during syntactic
                 pitfall detection. Although structural pattern matching
                 requires syntactic analysis and thus cannot detect
                 certain types of lexical pitfalls, it can properly
                 detect syntactic pitfalls. We evaluated the tool using
                 180 C source files (2.9 MB total) and demonstrated that
                 Fall-in C correctly detects 16 types of pitfalls.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Inf. Sci. and Electron. Eng., Kurume Inst. of
                 Technol., Japan",
  classification = "C1250 (Pattern recognition); C4210L (Formal
                 languages and computational linguistics); C6115
                 (Programming support); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the Information Processing Society of
                 Japan",
  keywords =     "C programming language; C programs; Compiler; Fall-in
                 C; GNU Emacs editor; Lexical pitfalls; Object codes;
                 Pitfall detection; Pitfall types; Regular expression
                 searching; Software tool; Structural pattern matching;
                 Syntactic pitfall detection; Syntactic pitfalls",
  language =     "Japanese",
  pubcountry =   "Japan",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Computational linguistics; Pattern
                 matching; Program debugging; Software tools",
}

@Article{Ohtani:1994:EIT,
  author =       "T. Ohtani and H. Sawamura and T. Minami",
  title =        "{EUODHILOS-II} on top of {GNU} Epoch",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "814",
  pages =        "816--820",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 10:18:39 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "EUODHILOS-II is implemented on the GNU Epoch editor in
                 the Emacs Lisp language. GNU Emacs produced by the GNU
                 project is familiar to many users as a text editor,
                 which exceeds in the ease to extend. Moreover it has
                 the various functions for such text processing as
                 syntactic analysis and searching with regular
                 expressions. Epoch is an extension of GNU Emacs for the
                 X Window System, which can manipulate multiple windows.
                 Operations are keyboard-oriented and the usual editing
                 commands are available in the comment, syntax
                 definition and side condition editors. Users can
                 customize EUODHILOS-II as they wish. The size of the
                 source code of EUODHILOS-II is about 300K bytes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. for Social Inf. Sci., Fujitsu Labs. Ltd.,
                 Shizuoka, Japan",
  classification = "C4210L (Formal languages and computational
                 linguistics); C6110L (Logic programming); C6170K
                 (Knowledge engineering techniques)",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/bookseries/558",
  keywords =     "Emacs Lisp language; EUODHILOS-II; GNU Epoch editor;
                 Side condition editors; Syntactic analysis; Syntax
                 definition; Text editor; Text processing; X Window
                 System",
  thesaurus =    "Context-free grammars; Inference mechanisms; Logic
                 programming; Theorem proving",
}

@InProceedings{Ohtani:1994:ETG,
  author =       "T. Ohtani and H. Sawamura and T. Minami",
  title =        "{EUODHILOS-II} on top of {GNU Epoch}",
  crossref =     "Bundy:1994:ADC",
  pages =        "816--820",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "EUODHILOS-II is implemented on the GNU Epoch editor in
                 the Emacs Lisp language. GNU Emacs produced by the GNU
                 project is familiar to many users as a text editor,
                 which exceeds in the ease to extend. Moreover it has
                 the various functions for such text processing as
                 syntactic analysis and searching with regular
                 expressions. Epoch is an extension of GNU Emacs for the
                 X Window System, which can manipulate multiple windows.
                 Operations are keyboard-oriented and the usual editing
                 commands are available in the comment, syntax
                 definition and side condition editors. Users can
                 customize EUODHILOS-II as they wish. The size of the
                 source code of EUODHILOS-II is about 300K bytes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. for Social Inf. Sci., Fujitsu Labs. Ltd.,
                 Shizuoka, Japan",
  classification = "C4210L (Formal languages and computational
                 linguistics); C6110L (Logic programming); C6170K
                 (Knowledge engineering techniques)",
  keywords =     "Emacs Lisp language; EUODHILOS-II; GNU Epoch editor;
                 Side condition editors; Syntactic analysis; Syntax
                 definition; Text editor; Text processing; X Window
                 System",
  thesaurus =    "Context-free grammars; Inference mechanisms; Logic
                 programming; Theorem proving",
}

@Article{Ramey:1994:BGS,
  author =       "Chet Ramey",
  title =        "{Bash} --- The {GNU} shell",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "25--33",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 22 08:12:14 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Ramey:1994:WGBa,
  author =       "Chet Ramey",
  title =        "What's {GNU}: {\tt bash} --- The {GNU} Shell, part 1
                 of 2",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue3/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Ramey:1994:WGBb,
  author =       "Chet Ramey",
  title =        "What's {GNU} --- {\tt bash} --- The {GNU} Shell (part
                 2 of 2)",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue4/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@InProceedings{Raportirenko:1994:GPS,
  author =       "A. M. Raportirenko",
  title =        "{GSL}: a portable standard {Lisp} interpreter",
  crossref =     "Becks:1994:NCT",
  pages =        "645--650",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 29 08:26:48 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the first release of the GNU
                 Standard Lisp interpreter (GSL). This dialect of LISP
                 language has been created as a part of the large
                 computer algebra system REDUCE. The interpreter allows
                 dynamically load compiled LISP programs and programs
                 written in other high level languages (such as C,
                 FORTRAN etc.). It is very useful to mix the numeric and
                 symbolic calculations. GSL is free software. The
                 interpreter is written in C and uses some GNU library
                 packages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Lab. of Comput. Tech. and Autom., JINR, Dubna,
                 Russia",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6140D
                 (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters
                 and other processors); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  keywords =     "C; C language; Computer algebra; Computer algebra
                 system; FORTRAN; GNU library packages; GNU Standard
                 Lisp interpreter; GSL; High level languages; LISP
                 language; Numeric calculation; REDUCE; Symbolic
                 calculation",
  thesaurus =    "LISP; Mathematics computing; Program interpreters;
                 Software portability; Symbol manipulation",
}

@Article{Robbins:1994:WGGa,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "What's {GNU}?: {GNU}'s Not {Unix}!",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue1/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue1/whatsgnu.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Robbins:1994:WGGb,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "What's {GNU}: {\tt groff}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue7/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue7/whatsgnu.7.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Robbins:1994:WGS,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "What's {GNU}?: Software Tools",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # may,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue2/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue2/gnu2.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Robbins:1994:WGT,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "What's {GNU}: {Texinfo}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue6/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue6/texinfo.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{Salus:1994:QCU,
  author =       "Peter H. Salus",
  title =        "A quarter century of {UNIX}",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 256",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-201-54777-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-54777-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 S342 1994",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 14 06:38:30 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Stallman:1994:GEM,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "10th, {Emacs} version 19.26",
  pages =        "xiv + 442",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-04-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-04-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes GNU Emacs reference card.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer software --- Development.; GNU Emacs.; Text
                 editors (Computer programs)",
}

@Book{Strobel:1994:LUJ,
  author =       "Stefan Strobel",
  title =        "{LINUX: Unix f{\"u}r jedermann; der PC als
                 Workstation; Installation Schritt f{\"u}r Schritt,
                 Unix-Grundlagen und TCP/IP, Editieren mit dem Emacs,
                 DOS-Programme unter LINUX, Textverarbeitung mit LaTeX
                 2e, Sound, Grafik, Netzwerkspiele}",
  publisher =    pub-VOGEL,
  address =      pub-VOGEL:adr,
  pages =        "100",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "3-8259-1330-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8259-1330-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 07 17:30:38 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "49.00 DM; 358.00 {\"O}S; 49.00 Sfr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Waters:1994:CPE,
  author =       "R. C. Waters",
  title =        "Cliche-based program editors",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--150",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A cliche-based program editor supports the
                 construction and modification of programs in terms of
                 standard algorithmic fragments (cliches), instead of
                 merely in terms of syntactic or textual units. Three
                 experimental cliche-based program editors have been
                 implemented, exploring the tradeoff between power and
                 speed. (1) The Knowledge-Based Editor in Emacs
                 (KBEmacs) supports a wide range of editing operations
                 and can represent a wide range of cliches, because it
                 uses an internal representation called plan diagrams,
                 which combines features of flowcharts and data flow
                 schemas. Unfortunately, the need to convert back and
                 forth between program text and plan diagrams causes
                 KBEmacs to be quite slow. (2) The Tempest editor uses
                 text as its internal representation and is very fast
                 since it does not have to do any conversions. It
                 supports a number of cliche-based operations and can
                 represent a variety of cliches. Unfortunately, most
                 programming cliches are too complex to be supported
                 directly in terms of program text. (3) The Ace editor
                 retains much of the speed of Tempest while supporting
                 much of the power of KBEmacs. Ace is relatively
                 efficient, because it uses abstract syntax trees as its
                 internal representation. Ace's approach could be used
                 to add powerful and efficient cliche-based editing
                 capabilities to any programming environment. In
                 particular, Ace demonstrates that a small change in the
                 internal workings of syntax editors is all that is
                 required to open the door to cliche-based editing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Mitsubishi Electr. Res. Labs., Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6130D (Document
                 processing techniques); C6170 (Expert systems)",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
  keywords =     "Abstract syntax trees; Ace editor; CASE; Cliche-based
                 program editors; Computational power; Computational
                 speed; Computer-aided software engineering; Data flow
                 schemas; Flowcharts; Internal representation; KBEmacs;
                 Knowledge-Based Editor in Emacs; Plan diagrams; Program
                 construction; Program modification; Program text;
                 Programming environment; Software reuse; Standard
                 algorithmic fragments; Syntax editors; Tempest editor;
                 Text-diagram conversions",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Diagrams; Knowledge based systems; Programming;
                 Programming environments; Software tools; Subroutines;
                 Text editing; Tree data structures",
}

@Article{Welsh:1994:EFF,
  author =       "Matt Welsh",
  title =        "{Emacs}: Friend or Foe",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue5/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Lots of features make Emacs an attractive alternative
                 to vi. Customizing makes Emacs perform the way you
                 want.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{Welsh:1994:LBG,
  author =       "Matt Welsh and {Yggdrasil Computing Inc}",
  title =        "The {Linux} bible: the {GNU} testament",
  publisher =    "Yggdrasil Computing",
  address =      "San Jose, CA, USA",
  edition =      "Second expanded",
  pages =        "1176",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "1-883601-10-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-883601-10-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 4 18:45:07 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Linux HOWTO coordinator: Matt Welsh. ``Everything you
                 wanted to know about Linux, a free 32-bit
                 internet-ready multitasking, multimedia operating
                 system with complete source code, developed by the free
                 software community on the Internet.''",
  keywords =     "Linux; Microcomputer workstations; Operating systems
                 (Computers); UNIX (Computer file)",
}

@Article{Welsh:1994:TEP,
  author =       "Matt Welsh",
  title =        "Tutorial: {Emacs} for Programmers",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue6/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "GNU Emacs as a complete development environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Woehr:1994:GKG,
  author =       "J. Woehr",
  title =        "Getting to know {GNU}",
  journal =      j-EMBED-SYS-PROG,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34--35, 37, 39--40",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "EYPRE4",
  ISSN =         "1040-3272",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3272",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "We look at the practical aspects of using GNU
                 software, including the difference between free
                 software and a free lunch. The free software tool-chain
                 for has been developed for cross-developing embedded
                 systems programs for arbitrary targets on arbitrary
                 hosts. This free software was developed under the aegis
                 of the Free Software Foundation and is collectively
                 called GNU, an acronym for 'GNUs Not UNIX.' GNU has
                 attempted to replace the entire environment and
                 development tool-chain of UNIX with a restriction-free
                 alternative, made available to end users as complete
                 and redistributable source code. GNU software is
                 typically covered under the GNU Public License or its
                 variant, the Library GNU Public License (LGPL)-which
                 essentially restricts users from hiding GNU system
                 components within proprietary software without
                 simultaneously redistributing full source for those GNU
                 components contained therein. This condition usually
                 does not affect embedded systems developers (except by
                 making their lives easier by giving them full source
                 code for the development tools they are using), but in
                 certain cases, it can have an impact on development,
                 which we discuss in this article.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Cygnus Support, Mountain View, CA, USA",
  classification = "C0230B (Legal aspects); C6115 (Programming support);
                 C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  fjournal =     "Embedded Systems Programming",
  keywords =     "Embedded systems; Free software; Free Software
                 Foundation; GNU Public License; GNU software; GNUs Not
                 UNIX; Library GNU Public License; Redistributable
                 source code",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Contracts; Open systems; Public domain software;
                 Real-time systems; Software tools",
}

@Article{Woehr:1994:WG,
  author =       "J. Woehr",
  title =        "What's {GNU}?",
  journal =      j-EMBED-SYS-PROG,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--72, 74",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "EYPRE4",
  ISSN =         "1040-3272",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3272",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:56:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "GNU has wandered out of the software wilderness to
                 become a buzzword on many lips. Formally, GNU is a
                 self-referential acronym (where the G is pronounced)
                 signifying 'GNU's Not UNIX.' Practically, it is an
                 immense corpus of professional quality software, the
                 greater part of which is of direct application to the
                 programming of embedded systems. GNU consists of
                 several millions of lines of source code composed by
                 hundreds of individuals over the course of about a
                 decade. All the software in the GNU corpus has been
                 contributed to the GNU project by its authors, and most
                 is labelled with the GNU Public License (the GPL),
                 which states, in short, that you are free to use and
                 redistribute this free software, provided you offer the
                 same opportunity to the next person in line by
                 redistributing the entire package as it was delivered
                 (with any improvements that might have made on your own
                 part). All GNU tools are delivered with complete source
                 code. The GNU toolchain consists, so far, of compilers
                 (gcc and g++, both native and cross-development) and
                 the related binary utilities (GNU Id, ar, and so on);
                 text utilities (GNU sed, gawk, and GNU m4); debuggers
                 (gdb, both native hosted and cross-development
                 versions); and many other tools and complete
                 programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors); C6150E (General utility programs); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems); C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "Embedded Systems Programming",
  keywords =     "Binary utilities; Compilers; Debuggers; Free software;
                 GNU; GNU Public License; GNU's Not UNIX; Text
                 utilities; Toolchain",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Operating systems [computers]; Program compilers;
                 Program debugging; Public domain software; Real-time
                 systems; Software packages",
}

@Periodical{Yggdrasil:1994:YLG,
  key =          "Yggdrasil-Linux",
  title =        "{Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X} operating system",
  howpublished = "CD-ROM",
  publisher =    pub-YGGDRASIL,
  address =      pub-YGGDRASIL:adr,
  year =         "1994",
  ISSN =         "1069-3955",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 18 09:33:18 1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Updated quarterly.",
}

@Article{Alexander:1995:HCX,
  author =       "P. Alexander and L. F. Gladden",
  title =        "How to Create an {X}-Window Interface to {Gnuplot} and
                 {Fortran} Programs Using the {Tcl\slash Tk} Toolkit",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--??",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "CPHYE2",
  ISSN =         "0894-1866 (print), 1558-4208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0894-1866",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 07:37:25 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers in Physics",
}

@Book{Anderson:1995:LUG,
  author =       "E. Anderson and Z. Bai and C. Bischof and J. Demmel
                 and J. Dongarra and J. {Du Croz} and A. Greenbaum and
                 S. Hammarling and A. McKenney and S. Ostrouchov and D.
                 Sorensen",
  title =        "{LAPACK} Users' Guide",
  publisher =    pub-SIAM,
  address =      pub-SIAM:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xix + 325",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "0-89871-345-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89871-345-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F25 L36 1995",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 06 17:25:09 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algebras, linear -- data processing; Fortran (computer
                 program language); LAPACK; subroutines (computer
                 programs)",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:NPG,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A New Project or a {GNU} Project?",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue13/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue13/gnu.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:NPR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {Red Hat Linux Developers Package; CE
                 Editor for Linux; Mathematica for Linux; Directories \&
                 References Corrections; Linux Resources; Advertisers
                 Index; Consultants Directory; Subscription
                 Information}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue19/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.linuxjournal.com/index.html;
                 http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue19/ad19.html;
                 http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj/Extras/consultants.dir.html;
                 http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj/index.html;
                 http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj/ljstaff.html;
                 http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj/ljsubsorder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:SSF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Software Spotlights: {F77} to {F90} Converters; {GNU
                 F77} (``{\tt g77}'') -- Successor to ``{\tt f2c}''?",
  journal =      j-FORTRAN-FORUM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--8",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1061-7264 (print), 1931-1311 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1061-7264",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 07 06:54:12 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Fortran Forum",
  issue =        "43",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J286",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:UGR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Update {GNAT} report",
  journal =      j-ADA-USER-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "AUJOET",
  ISSN =         "0268-652X",
  ISSN-L =       "0268-652X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 29 11:46:37 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Ada User Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ada-europe.org/auj/archive",
  journalabr =   "Ada User J",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:WGG,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "What's {GNU}?: {GNU} Coding Standards",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue16/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue16/gnu16.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:WGPa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "What's {GNU}?: {Plan 9} (part 1 of 2)",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue11/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue11/gnu11.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:WGPb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "What's {GNU}?: {Plan 9} (part 2 of 2)",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue12/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue12/gnu12.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Baker:1995:IAP,
  author =       "T. P. Baker and E. W. {Giering, III}",
  title =        "Implementing {Ada 9X} protected objects and
                 asynchronous transfer of control",
  journal =      j-INT-J-MINI-MICROCOMPUTERS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--34",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IJMMDE",
  ISSN =         "0702-0481",
  ISSN-L =       "0702-0481",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The revised standard for the Ada programming language,
                 Ada 9X, extends the Ada tasking model to better support
                 the use of parallelism in real-time systems. These
                 extensions to tasking require new implementations. This
                 paper discusses some of the technical issues and
                 outlines the design of one implementation, the GNu Ada
                 Runtime Library. Two features are discussed in detail:
                 protected objects, which are data objects that are safe
                 for concurrent access by multiple tasks, and
                 asynchronous transfer of control, which allows a task
                 to respond to an asynchronous event by aborting the
                 current computation and transferring control to a
                 recovery point within the task.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Florida State Univ.,
                 Tallahassee, FL, USA",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Mini and Microcomputers",
  keywords =     "Ada 9X; Asynchronous transfer; Asynchronous transfer
                 of control; GNu Ada Runtime Library; Parallelism;
                 Protected objects; Real-time systems",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Ada; Program compilers; Real-time systems",
}

@Article{Baumgartner:1995:SLE,
  author =       "G. Baumgartner and V. F. Russo",
  title =        "Signatures: a language extension for improving type
                 abstraction and subtype polymorphism in {C++}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "863--889",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "C++ uses inheritance as a substitute for subtype
                 polymorphism. We give examples where this makes the
                 type system too inflexible. We then describe a
                 conservative language extension that allows a
                 programmer to define an abstract type hierarchy
                 independent of any implementation hierarchies, to
                 retroactively abstract over an implementation, and to
                 decouple subtyping from inheritance. This extension
                 gives the user more of the flexibility of dynamic
                 typing while retaining the efficiency and security of
                 static typing. With default implementations and views
                 flexible mechanisms are provided for implementing an
                 abstract type by different concrete class types. We
                 first show how the language extension can be
                 implemented in a preprocessor to a C++ compiler, and
                 then detail and analyse the efficiency of an
                 implementation we directly incorporated in the GNU C++
                 compiler.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette,
                 IN, USA",
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6110J
                 (Object-oriented programming); C6120 (File
                 organisation); C6140D (High level languages); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "Abstract type; Abstract type hierarchy; C++ compiler
                 preprocessor; C++ language extension; Concrete class
                 types; Conservative language extension; Default
                 implementations; Dynamic typing; Flexible mechanisms;
                 GNU C++ compiler; Inheritance; Signatures; Static
                 typing; Subtype polymorphism; Type abstraction",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Abstract data types; C language; Object-oriented
                 languages; Object-oriented programming; Program
                 compilers; Type theory",
}

@TechReport{Burgess:1995:GCE,
  author =       "Mark Burgess",
  title =        "The {GNU} configuration engine",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "4",
  institution =  "H{\o}gskolen i Oslo, Avdeling for
                 ingeni{\o}rutdanning",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  pages =        "16",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "82-579-0104-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-82-579-0104-2",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 10:17:12 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Butt:1995:IFS,
  author =       "Farooq Butt",
  title =        "Implementing {FORTRAN77} support in the {GNU} {{\tt
                 gdb}} debugger",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "29--36",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:17:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Commercially available source-level debuggers in the
                 UNIX world often shortchange FORTRAN77 users. While C
                 and C++ are usually well-supported languages, FORTRAN77
                 has not been given the attention it deserves. Given the
                 current interest in performance-measurement via the
                 popular SPEC benchmarks (many of which are coded in
                 FORTRAN77) as well as the large installed-base of
                 mathematical/scientific FORTRAN77 software, it is
                 imperative for system software vendors to provide
                 FORTRAN77 users with the same sort of fast, effective
                 and powerful source-level debugging environment that C
                 and C++ users enjoy. This paper details the addition of
                 FORTRAN77 features to the GNU gdb(2) debugger in order
                 to better support users of the highly-optimizing
                 Motorola PowerPC mf77 compiler. These FORTRAN77
                 features currently (as of version 4.10) only target the
                 native PowerPC mf77 compiler distributed by Motorola.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Compiler and Tools Group, RISC Software, Austin, TX,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and
                 evaluating systems)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "Debugging environment; FORTRAN77 support; GNU gdb
                 debugger; Source-level debuggers; UNIX",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "FORTRAN; Program debugging; Programming environments",
}

@Article{Carlson:1995:DDA,
  author =       "William W. Carlson and Jesse M. Draper",
  title =        "Distributed data access in {AC}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "39--47",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:17:08 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "We have modified the C language to support a
                 programming model based on a shared address space with
                 physically distributed memory. With this model, called
                 AC, users can write programs in which the nodes of a
                 massively parallel processor can access remote memory
                 without message passing. AC provides support for
                 distributed arrays as well as pointers to distributed
                 data. Simple array references and pointer dereferencing
                 are sufficient to generate low-overhead remote reads
                 and writes. We have implemented these ideas in a
                 compiler based on the GNU C compiler and targeted at
                 Cray Research's T3D. Initial performance measurements
                 show that AC generates code for remote accesses which
                 is considerably faster than that of the native compiler
                 for structures up to about 16 words in size and
                 virtually equivalent for larger transfers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IDA Supercomput. Res. Center, Bowie, MD, USA",
  classification = "C6110P (Parallel programming); C6120 (File
                 organisation); C6140D (High level languages); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors); C6150N
                 (Distributed systems software)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "AC language; Array references; C language; Cray T3D;
                 Distributed arrays; Distributed data access; GNU C
                 compiler; Low-overhead remote read/write operations;
                 Massively parallel processor; Performance measurements;
                 Physically distributed memory; Pointer dereferencing;
                 Programming model; Remote memory access; Shared address
                 space",
  thesaurus =    "Arrays; C language; Data structures; Distributed
                 memory systems; Parallel languages; Parallelising
                 compilers; Shared memory systems",
}

@Book{Chassell:1995:TGD,
  author =       "Robert J. Chassell and Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "Texinfo: The {GNU} Documentation Format (for Texinfo
                 version 2.20, 28 February 1995)",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-63-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-63-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:17:03 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$25.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Chen:1995:STP,
  author =       "Tzer-Shyong Chen and Feipei Lai and Rung-Ji Shang",
  title =        "A simple tree pattern matching algorithm for code
                 generator",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1995:PNA",
  pages =        "162--167",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a simple tree pattern matching
                 algorithm for the code generator of compilers. The
                 intermediate code (Register Transfer Language) is
                 matched with the tree-rewriting rules of the
                 instruction description which describes the target
                 architecture to generate the assembly code. The hashing
                 function is used in our system to transform a tree
                 pattern matching problem into a simple number
                 comparison. Compared with GNU C compiler (gcc), the
                 tree pattern matching time can be reduced by 69\% and
                 the compiler time by 6\%, and the space of the
                 instruction descriptions can be reduced by 4.10 times
                 on DLX and 2.14 on SPARC. The size of table, which is
                 necessary for the code generator, is quite small in our
                 method.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei,
                 Taiwan",
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6120
                 (File organisation); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters
                 and other processors)",
  keywords =     "Assembly code; Code generator; Compiler generator;
                 Compiler time; DLX; GNU C compiler; Hashing function;
                 Instruction description; Register Transfer Language;
                 SPARC; Tree pattern matching algorithm; Tree pattern
                 matching time; Tree-rewriting rules",
  thesaurus =    "Assembly language; Compiler generators; File
                 organisation; Pattern matching; Tree searching",
}

@Article{Cheng:1995:ECA,
  author =       "H. H. Cheng",
  title =        "Extending {C} with arrays of variable length",
  journal =      j-COMP-STANDARDS-INTERFACES,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "375--406",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "CSTIEZ",
  ISSN =         "0920-5489 (print), 1872-7018 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-5489",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Extending C with arrays of variable length is critical
                 in evolving C as a primary scientific programming
                 language. Arrays of variable length whose size is known
                 only at program execution time are implemented in the $
                 C^H $ programming language. $ C^H $ is designed to be a
                 superset of C. This paper describes the current
                 implementation of arrays of variable length in the $
                 C^H $ programming language. It also makes comparison
                 studies of variable length arrays in $ C^H $ with those
                 implemented in GNU C compiler gcc and Cray Research
                 standard C compiler SCC as well as other alternate
                 proposals.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Integration Eng. Lab., California Univ., Davis, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "Computer Standards and Interfaces",
  keywords =     "$C^H$ programming language; C language extension; Cray
                 Research standard C compiler SCC; GNU C compiler gcc;
                 Primary scientific programming language; Program
                 execution time; Variable length arrays",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  thesaurus =    "C language",
}

@InProceedings{Cooperman:1995:SBP,
  author =       "G. Cooperman",
  title =        "{STAR\slash MPI}: binding a parallel library to
                 interactive symbolic algebra systems",
  crossref =     "Levelt:1995:IPI",
  pages =        "126--132",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Many users of symbolic algebra systems have felt the
                 need for greater CPU power. Yet few of them have
                 ventured into parallel programming due to the steep
                 learning curve and the unfamiliar programming
                 environment entailed by such an effort. In an attempt
                 to remedy that situation, the parallel library MPI has
                 been integrated into both GCL (GNU Common LISP) and GAP
                 (a general purpose language for mathematical group
                 theory). These implementations are examples that extend
                 bindings of MPI to interactive languages. (MPI already
                 has bindings to the compiled languages C and FORTRAN.)
                 Further, this binding to an interactive language
                 retains the interactive environment during execution.
                 Further, STAR/MPI represents a blueprint for binding
                 MPI to other interactive languages besides GCL and GAP,
                 from which comes the name STAR/MPI, or */MPI. STAR/MPI
                 includes a simple SPMD architecture on top of this MPI
                 binding. An important class of sequential algorithms is
                 described that can be parallelized with little effort
                 using STAR/MPI architecture. Since GAP is
                 representative of systems for discrete mathematics and
                 LISP is the basis for several symbolic algebra systems
                 with strengths in nondiscrete mathematics, it is hoped
                 to gain broad feedback on the issues involved. Although
                 vendor-specific, interactive, parallel languages exist,
                 this appears to be the first attempt at defining a
                 binding of a vendor-independent, portable, parallel
                 library to arbitrary interactive languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Coll. of Comput. Sci., Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6110P
                 (Parallel programming); C6115 (Programming support);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  keywords =     "GCL; GNU Common LISP; Interactive symbolic algebra
                 systems; Mathematical group theory; Parallel library;
                 STAR/MPI; Symbolic algebra",
  thesaurus =    "Parallel programming; Software libraries; Symbol
                 manipulation",
}

@InProceedings{Cooperman:1995:SMB,
  author =       "Gene Cooperman",
  title =        "{STAR\slash MPI}: Binding a Parallel Library to
                 Interactive Symbolic Algebra Systems",
  crossref =     "Levelt:1995:IIS",
  pages =        "126--132",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 25 11:26:04 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This work is aimed at making parallel programming more
                 accessible to users of symbolic algebra systems and to
                 users of interactive languages in general. This is done
                 by integrating MPI (Message Passing Interface), a
                 portable, parallel message-passing library, with two
                 interactive languages: GCL (GNU Common LISP), and GAP.
                 The GAP system includes a general purpose language for
                 mathematical group theory, and LISP is the basis for
                 several general-purpose symbolic algebra systems. In
                 addition, a simple master-slave abstraction is written,
                 so that end-users need not learn any of the details of
                 the MPI function calls. This work is distinct from past
                 studies in that it provides the ability to
                 interactively create, test and modify a distributed
                 environment using the original interactive language and
                 a portable parallel library.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Northeastern Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Boston, MA, USA",
  classification = "721.1; 722.2; 722.4; 723.1; 723.5; 921.1",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the 1995 International Symposium on
                 Symbolic and Algebraic Computation",
  journalabr =   "Int Symp Symbol Algebraic Comput ISSAC Proc",
  keywords =     "Algebra; Computational methods; Computer programming;
                 Computer programming languages; Computer simulation;
                 Computer software; Interactive computer systems;
                 Interactive languages; Interactive symbolic algebra
                 systems; Interfaces (computer); Mathematical
                 techniques; Message passing interface; Parallel
                 library; Parallel processing systems; User interfaces",
  meetingaddress = "Montreal, Can",
  meetingdate =  "Jul 10--12 1995",
  meetingdate2 = "07/10--12/95",
}

@Article{Franky:1995:DPS,
  author =       "M. C. Franky",
  title =        "{DGDBM}: programming support for distributed
                 transactions over replicated files",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "64--74",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper describes a set of facilities for
                 programming distributed transactions over replicated
                 files which are accessed by a primary key. The files
                 are located on several computers communicated by a
                 network. Each site has a set of GNU dbm (Gdbm) routines
                 for local file management. Above this platform we have
                 built an interface and a set of services for
                 distributed transaction programming. The resulting
                 programming environment, 'DGDBM', offers transparency
                 in relation to data distribution and data replication,
                 giving a centralized vision to the programmer. It
                 assures the functions of management of distributed
                 transactions such as failure recovery, mutual
                 consistency between copies and concurrency control.
                 DGDBM is a useful support for distributed application
                 programming over replicated files in UNIX networks and
                 it is available as an API (application programming
                 interface) for the C programmer. The paper describes
                 the services offered by DGDBM to the programmer, the
                 architecture of the system, the adopted solutions for
                 distributed transaction management, the general aspects
                 of design and implementation and the perspectives and
                 planned extensions for this project.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. de Ingeniera Sistemas y Comput., Univ. de Los
                 Andes, Santafe de Bogota, Colombia",
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6115
                 (Programming support); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques); C6150E (General utility programs); C6150J
                 (Operating systems); C6150N (Distributed systems
                 software); C6160B (Distributed databases)",
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
  keywords =     "API; C programmer; Centralized vision; Computer
                 network; Concurrency control; Data distribution; Data
                 replication; DGDBM; Distributed transaction
                 programming; Failure recovery; GNU dbm routines;
                 Interface; Local file management; Mutual copy
                 consistency; Primary key; Programming support;
                 Replicated files; Services; System architecture;
                 Transparency; UNIX networks",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Application program interfaces; Concurrency control;
                 Local area networks; Programming; Programming
                 environments; Replicated databases; System recovery;
                 Transaction processing; UNIX",
}

@Book{Gancarz:1995:UP,
  author =       "Mike Gancarz",
  title =        "The {UNIX} philosophy",
  publisher =    pub-DP,
  address =      pub-DP:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 151",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-55558-123-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-55558-123-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63G365 1995",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 25 06:45:28 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  abstract =     "``Why use UNIX in the first place?''. Readers will
                 discover the rationale and reasons for such concepts as
                 file system organization, user interface and other
                 system characteristics. In an informative,
                 non-technical fashion, \booktitle{The UNIX Philosophy}
                 explores the general principles for applying the UNIX
                 philosophy to software development. This book describes
                 complex software design principles and addresses the
                 importance of small programs, code and data
                 portability, early prototyping, and open user
                 interfaces.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "1: The UNIX Philosophy: a Cost of Thousands \\
                 The UNIX philosophy in a nutshell \\
                 2: One Small Step for Humankind \\
                 Tenet 1: small is beautiful \\
                 Software engineering made easy \\
                 Tenet 2: make each program do one thing well \\
                 3: Rapid Prototyping for Fun and Profit \\
                 Tenet 3: build a prototype as soon as possible \\
                 The three systems of man \\
                 The first system of man \\
                 The second system of man \\
                 The third system of man \\
                 Building the third system \\
                 4: The Probability Priority \\
                 Tenet 4: choose portability over efficiency \\
                 Case study: the Atari 2600 \\
                 Tenet 5: store numerical data in flat ASCII files \\
                 Case study: one UNIX philosopher's bag of tricks \\
                 5: Now That's Leverage! \\
                 Tenet 6: use software leverage to your advantage \\
                 Tenet 7: use shell scripts to increase leverage and
                 portability \\
                 6: The Perils of Interactive Programs \\
                 Tenet 8: avoid captive user interfaces \\
                 Tenet 9: make every program a filter \\
                 The UNIX environment: using programs as filters \\
                 7: More UNIX Philosophy: Ten Lesser Tenets \\
                 1. Allow the user to tailor the environment \\
                 2. Make operating system kernels small and lightweight
                 \\
                 3. Use lower case and keep it short \\
                 4. Save trees \\
                 5. Silence is golden \\
                 6. Think parallel \\
                 7. The sum of the parts is greater than the whole \\
                 8. Look for the 90 percent solution \\
                 9. Worse is better \\
                 10. Think hierarchically \\
                 8: Making UNIX Do One Thing Well \\
                 The UNIX philosophy: putting it all together \\
                 9: UNIX and Other Operating System Philosophies \\
                 The Atari home computer: human engineering as art \\
                 MS-DOS: over 70 million users can't be wrong \\
                 Open VMS: the antithesis of UNIX?",
}

@InProceedings{Harrold:1995:ASD,
  author =       "M. J. Harrold and L. Larsen and J. Lloyd and D. Nedved
                 and M. Page and G. Rothermel and M. Singh and M.
                 Smith",
  title =        "Aristotle: a system for development of program
                 analysis based tools",
  crossref =     "ACM:1995:PAS",
  pages =        "110--119",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Aristotle provides program analysis information, and
                 supports the development of software engineering tools.
                 Aristotle's front end consists of parsers that gather
                 control flow, local dataflow and symbol table
                 information for procedural language programs. We
                 implemented a parser for C by incorporating analysis
                 routines into the GNU C parser; a C++ parser is being
                 implemented using similar techniques, Aristotle tools
                 use the data provided by the parsers to perform a
                 variety of tasks, such as dataflow and control
                 dependence analysis, dataflow testing, graph
                 construction and graph viewing. Most of Aristotle's
                 components function on single procedures and entire
                 programs. Parsers and tools use database handler
                 routines to store information in, and retrieve it from,
                 a central database. A user interface provides
                 interactive menu-driven access to tools, and users can
                 view results textually or graphically. Many tools can
                 also be invoked directly from applications programs,
                 which facilitates the development of new tools. To
                 assist with system development and maintenance, we are
                 also creating support tools for managing bug and test
                 suite databases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Clemson Univ., SC, USA",
  classification = "C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics); C6110B (Software
                 engineering techniques); C6115 (Programming support);
                 C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other processors);
                 C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems); C6180 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Analysis routines; Aristotle; Bug databases; C++
                 parser; Control dependence analysis; Control flow
                 information; Database handler routines; Dataflow
                 dependence analysis; Dataflow testing; Front end; GNU C
                 parser; Graph construction; Graph viewing; Local
                 dataflow information; Menu-driven tool access; Parsers;
                 Procedural language programs; Program analysis based
                 tool development; Program analysis information;
                 Software engineering tool development; Symbol table
                 information; User interface",
  thesaurus =    "Data flow analysis; Data flow graphs; Grammars;
                 Program compilers; Program debugging; Program testing;
                 Software maintenance; Software tools; User interfaces",
}

@Article{Hatakeyama:1995:IEJ,
  author =       "T. Hatakeyama and H. Kakuda",
  title =        "The implementation and evaluation of a {Japanese}
                 editor utilizing pronunciation-information",
  journal =      j-TRANS-INFO-PROCESSING-SOC-JAPAN,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "119--128",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "JSGRD5",
  ISSN =         "0387-5806",
  ISSN-L =       "0387-5806",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "We designed and implemented a Japanese editor that
                 keeps boundaries of phrases and pronunciation spellings
                 which are used for Kana-kanji conversion, and evaluated
                 its advantages. The editor utilizes the boundaries and
                 pronunciation spellings. We call the editor 'JEM
                 (Japanese Editor with Multi-layered text structure)'.
                 The characteristic of JEM is that it has layers which
                 keep information of the boundaries and pronunciation
                 spellings. Using this editor, a user can I-search
                 (incremental search) and dynamic abbreviate expand in
                 Japanese text as well as in English, and he/she can
                 re-convert effectively. Except for these functions, JEM
                 can be used in the same way as the fundamental-mode
                 method of Emacs. JEM's I-search can be performed faster
                 than Kana-kanji conversion type I-search. In
                 experiments, we found that users move the editor's
                 cursor to a point as fast as in other ways.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the Information Processing Society of
                 Japan",
  keywords =     "Editor cursor; English text; Evaluation; I-search;
                 Incremental search; Japanese editor; Japanese text;
                 JEM; Kana-kanji conversion; Multi-layered text
                 structure; Phrase boundaries; Pronunciation
                 information; Pronunciation spellings",
  language =     "Japanese",
  pubcountry =   "Japan",
  thesaurus =    "Character sets; Text editing",
}

@MastersThesis{He:1995:FPI,
  author =       "Lei He",
  title =        "Floating point implementation for {Motorola HC6811C}:
                 {GNU C} cross-compiler",
  type =         "Master's Thesis",
  school =       "Ryerson Polytechnic University",
  address =      "Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 06:29:41 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check thesis type??",
}

@MastersThesis{Ho:1995:FPI,
  author =       "Lei Ho",
  title =        "Floating point implementation for {Motorola HC6811C}:
                 {GNU C} cross-compiler",
  type =         "{Master}'s Thesis",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering, Ryerson
                 Polytechnic University",
  address =      "Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 06:29:41 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check thesis type?? Ryerson library catalog does not
                 specify.",
}

@Article{Hughes:1995:FFS,
  author =       "Phil Hughes",
  title =        "{Freenets} and Free Software",
  journal =      j-DDDU,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1079-8595",
  ISSN-L =       "1079-8595",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 04 08:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Developer Update",
}

@Article{Kermarrec:1995:IEF,
  author =       "Yvon Kermarrec and Laurent Nana Tchamnda and Laurent
                 Pautet",
  title =        "Implementing an efficient fault tolerance mechanism in
                 {Ada 9X}: an early experiment with {GNAT}",
  journal =      j-ADA-USER-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "224--228",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "AUJOET",
  ISSN =         "0268-652X",
  ISSN-L =       "0268-652X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 10 13:38:57 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://snowwhite.it.bton.ac.uk/ada/adauser/dec95.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents our experience in introducing
                 features related to fault tolerance in the GNAT system
                 [Schonbert et al 94]. GNAT (GNU New York Ada
                 Translator) is being developed at New York University
                 in the `spirit' of the Free Software Foundation. With
                 such a system, the Ada programmer can find an efficient
                 Ada 9X compiler and the Ada environment developer can
                 build his tools.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "ENST de Bretagne",
  affiliationaddress = "Brest, Fr",
  classification = "722.4; 723.1; 723.1.1; 723.5; 912.2; C6110B
                 (Software engineering techniques); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  corpsource =   "ENST de Bretagne, Brest, France",
  fjournal =     "Ada User Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ada-europe.org/auj/archive",
  journalabr =   "Ada User J",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada (programming language); Ada 9X compiler; Ada
                 environment developer; Ada programmer; Computer aided
                 software engineering; Computer software; efficient
                 fault tolerance mechanism; Fault tolerant computer
                 systems; gnat; GNAT system; GNU New York Ada
                 Translator; Program compilers; program compilers;
                 Program translators; programming; Project management;
                 Software engineering; software fault tolerance;
                 Software Package Ada 9X",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Kneip:1995:ACE,
  author =       "J. Kneip and M. Ohmacht and K. Ronner and P. Pirsch",
  title =        "Architecture and {C++}-programming environment of a
                 highly parallel image signal processor",
  journal =      j-MICROPROC-MICROPROG,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "5-6",
  pages =        "391--408",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "MMICDT",
  ISSN =         "0165-6074 (print), 1878-7061 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0165-6074",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "A highly parallel single-chip image signal processor
                 architecture has been derived by analysis of image
                 processing algorithms. Available levels of parallelism
                 and their associated demands on data access, control
                 and complexity of operations were taken into account.
                 The RISC architecture, called 'HiPAR-DSP', consists of
                 a control unit, 16 parallel ASIMD-controlled data paths
                 with autonomous addressing and instruction selection
                 capability, a local data cache per data path, a shared
                 memory with matrix type data access and a powerful
                 DMA-unit. The proposed architecture was designed by
                 assessing the results of an analysis of characteristic
                 algorithm properties with respect to their inherent
                 parallelization resources, achievable speed up and
                 implementation costs. This resulted in a proper balance
                 between the degree of parallelism and flexibility,
                 leading to a high performance for a wide field of
                 applications. Additional measures were taken to support
                 an efficient high level programmability of the
                 processor. This was achieved by the concurrent
                 implementation of special architectural features and a
                 C++-programming environment. It consists of an
                 adaptation of the GNU C++-compiler and an optimizing
                 assembler, supporting all levels of concurrency offered
                 by the hardware. While most levels of parallelization
                 are kept invisible to the programmer, data-level
                 parallelism is expressed by the programmer using
                 special new data types added to the standard
                 C/C++-data-types. A sustained performance of about 2.0
                 Gigaoperations per second is achieved by the 100 MHz
                 clocked processor for numerous image processing
                 algorithms, leading to a processing time e.g. for a
                 normalized correlation of a 512*512 image with a 32*32
                 correlation mask of 450 ms. Thus, a performance is
                 achieved with a programmable parallel processor
                 architecture that hitherto required the application of
                 a dedicated integrated circuit.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Lab. fur Informationstechnol., Hannover Univ.,
                 Germany",
  classification = "C5135 (Digital signal processing chips); C5220P
                 (Parallel architecture); C5260B (Computer vision and
                 image processing techniques); C5470 (Performance
                 evaluation and testing); C6110P (Parallel programming);
                 C6115 (Programming support); C6120 (File organisation);
                 C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other processors);
                 C6150N (Distributed systems software)",
  fjournal =     "Microprocessing and Microprogramming",
  keywords =     "100 MHz; 450 Ms; Autonomous addressing; C++
                 programming environment; Concurrency; Control unit;
                 Data types; Data-level parallelism; DMA unit; GNU
                 C++-compiler; High level programmability; Highly
                 parallel single-chip image signal processor
                 architecture; HiPAR-DSP; Image processing algorithms;
                 Implementation costs; Instruction selection capability;
                 Local data cache; Matrix type data access; Optimizing
                 assembler; Parallel ASIMD-controlled data paths;
                 Performance; RISC architecture; Shared memory; Speed
                 up",
  numericalindex = "Time 4.5E-01 s; Frequency 1.0E+08 Hz",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  thesaurus =    "Cache storage; Digital signal processing chips; Image
                 processing; Parallel algorithms; Parallel
                 architectures; Parallel programming; Parallelising
                 compilers; Performance evaluation; Program assemblers;
                 Programming environments; Reduced instruction set
                 computing; Shared memory systems",
}

@InProceedings{Lord:1995:AGI,
  author =       "Thomas Lord",
  title =        "An Anatomy of Guile: The Interface to {Tcl\slash Tk}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1995:PTT",
  pages =        "95--114",
  day =          "6--8",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 22 08:12:14 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Cygnus Support",
  keywords =     "Tcl; Tk; USENIX",
  searchkey =    "su:usenix",
}

@InProceedings{Mashayekhi:1995:URA,
  author =       "V. Mashayekhi and M. Maley and J. Riedl",
  title =        "User recovery of audio operations",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1995:PIC",
  pages =        "329--334",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:47:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Computer interfaces that support user recovery can
                 radically alter a user's interaction style. Users can
                 explore alternatives freely, secure in the knowledge
                 that they can undo actions and restore previous states
                 if necessary. A text-editor, like EMACS, where users
                 can restore the state of an editing session to a
                 correct previous state, is an example of such a system.
                 Editors for textual, graphical, and many other media
                 types commonly support user recovery. Support for and
                 understanding of recovery in applications that use
                 audio is not as widespread. Audio is characterized by
                 its large volume, lack of easy indexing, and difficulty
                 in defining inverse operations. We present a
                 theoretical model of recovery for audio operations to
                 help user interface designers and implementors. Our
                 model maps an audio operation to a recovery policy and
                 then the recovery policy to a recovery mechanism. The
                 model uses a classification of audio operations that
                 aids in choosing applicable recovery policies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis,
                 MN, USA",
  classification = "B6220F (ISDN and multimedia terminal equipment);
                 B6450 (Audio equipment and systems); C5540B
                 (Interactive-input devices); C6130M (Multimedia); C6180
                 (User interfaces)",
  keywords =     "Applicable recovery policies; Audio operations;
                 Classification; Computer interfaces; Digital audio;
                 Editing session; Human-computer interfaces; Indexing;
                 Previous state restoration; Recovery mechanism;
                 Text-editor; Undo/skip/redo; Undoing actions; User
                 interaction style; User recovery",
  thesaurus =    "Audio systems; Multimedia computing; System recovery;
                 User interfaces",
}

@InProceedings{Miller:1995:UGC,
  author =       "J. W. V. Miller and M. Shridhar and B. N. Shabestari",
  title =        "Using {GNU C} to develop {PC-based} vision systems
                 [2597-31]",
  crossref =     "Batchelor:1995:MVA",
  pages =        "253--258",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 19:42:28 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  searchkey =    "ti:gawk or gnu",
}

@Article{Mittag:1995:CDG,
  author =       "L. Mittag",
  title =        "Cross debugging with {GNU GDB}",
  journal =      j-EMBED-SYS-PROG,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "28--30, 32",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "EYPRE4",
  ISSN =         "1040-3272",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3272",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Building an environment for cross development is not a
                 task for the faint of heart. All the tools programmers
                 tend to take for granted must be crafted together for
                 what appears to be a unique environment, whether that
                 uniqueness is in the host, the target, or the link
                 connecting the two. The paper explains how to set up
                 and use the GDB debugger from the Free Software
                 Foundation to debug the target system from your own
                 UNIX workstation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Mittag Enterprises, USA",
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  fjournal =     "Embedded Systems Programming",
  keywords =     "Cross debugging; Free Software Foundation; GDB
                 debugger; Programming environment; Programming tools;
                 UNIX workstation",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Program debugging; Programming environments; Public
                 domain software; UNIX",
}

@Book{Paxson:1995:FVF,
  author =       "Vern Paxson",
  title =        "{Flex}, version 2.5: a fast scanner generator",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "2.5",
  pages =        "????",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Robbins:1995:WG,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "What's {GNU}?",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue10/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Robbins:1995:WGPa,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "What's {GNU}? [{Plan 9 Part I}]",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 16 11:13:05 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://interactive.linuxjournal.com/article/1012",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Robbins:1995:WGPb,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "What's {GNU}? {Plan 9 Part II}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://interactive.linuxjournal.com/article/0062;
                 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=324810",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Sechrest:1995:OGS,
  author =       "John Sechrest",
  title =        "Opinion: {Gnu} and {Solaris}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 22 08:12:14 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Shapiro:1995:PAP,
  author =       "Jim Shapiro",
  title =        "Prototyping Algorithms in Perl",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue16/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.ssc.com/pub/lj/issue16/perls.pl.gz;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue16/;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue16/perls.pl.txt",
  abstract =     "As mentioned in the article, Jim's perl programming
                 hints script is available for retrieval, in either
                 straight text or in a GNU-zipped file.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{Stallman:1995:DGG,
  author =       "Richard Stallman and Roland H. Pesch",
  title =        "Debugging with {GDB}: the {GNU} source-level
                 debugger",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "4.12, for {GDB} version 4.14",
  pages =        "vi + 184",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-08-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-08-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .S693 1995",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 31 08:43:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "debugging in computer science -- computer programs;
                 gdb (computer file)",
}

@Book{Stallman:1995:GEM,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "11th, {Emacs} version 19.29",
  pages =        "xiv + 470",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-52-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-52-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes GNU Emacs reference card.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer software --- Development.; Text editors
                 (Computer programs)",
}

@Article{Stevens:1995:CP,
  author =       "Al Stevens",
  title =        "{C} Programming",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "121--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:16:53 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib; UnCover
                 database",
  abstract =     "GNU C++ from the Free Software Foundation is part of a
                 set of programming tools and utilities available from
                 many online locations and several commercial CD-ROMs.
                 After working with the compiler, Al decides this
                 toolset is hard to beat --- if you need a C++ compiler
                 that's freely distributable and royalty-free.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@InProceedings{Trans:1995:UPI,
  author =       "K. Trans",
  title =        "The Use of Planning and Interpretation in Developing
                 an On- Line {EMACS} Help Facility",
  crossref =     "Aamodt:1995:SSC",
  pages =        "463--467",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:32:55 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Vrahatis:1995:RPP,
  author =       "M. N. Vrahatis and O. Ragos and T. Skiniotis and F. A.
                 Zafiropoulos and T. N. Grapsa",
  title =        "{RFSFNS}: a portable package for the numerical
                 determination of the number and the calculation of
                 roots of {Bessel} functions",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "252--266",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(95)00115-9",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 13 21:30:01 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Vrahatis:1999:ESP}.",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010465595001159",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Article{Welsh:1995:ILK,
  author =       "Matt Welsh",
  title =        "Implementing Loadable Kernel Modules For {Linux}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "18--20, 22, 24, 96",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 30 18:44:06 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The most recent release of Linux, a freely distributed
                 Unix-like operating system, supports dynamically loaded
                 kernel modules. Matt describes the
                 dynamic-kernel-module implementation, concentrating on
                 the steps required to load a module on a running
                 system.",
  abstract2 =    "The most recent configuration of Linux, a freely
                 distributed UNIX-like operating system, incorporates
                 dynamically loaded kernel modules. The implementation
                 of dynamic kernel module on Linux is described with
                 emphasis on the required steps for loading a module on
                 a running system. Generally, loading a module into the
                 kernel requires four major tasks --- (a) preparation of
                 the module in user space, (b) allocation of memory in
                 kernel address space, (c) copying of module code to the
                 allocated space and provision of information needed to
                 maintain the module in the kernel and (d) execution of
                 module initialization routine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Cornell Univ",
  classification = "722.1; 723.1; 723.2; C6110 (Systems analysis and
                 programming); C6120 (File organisation); C6150J
                 (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  journalabr =   "Dr Dobb's J Software Tools Prof Program",
  keywords =     "Binary tree; Classic Unix systems; Codes (symbols);
                 Computer operating systems; Computer programming; Data
                 structures; Device drivers; Dynamic kernel module
                 implementation; Dynamically loaded kernel modules; File
                 systems; Freely distributed Unix clone; GNU General
                 Public License; Intel 386/486/Pentium processors;
                 Intermodule dependency; Internet; Kernel modules;
                 Linux; Linux (operating system); Loadable kernel
                 modules; Microkernel architecture; Module loader;
                 Monolithic architecture; Operating system; PCs; Run
                 time loader; Shareware; Storage allocation (computer);
                 System utilities; Table lookup; UNIX; Unix
                 implementation; Version coherency",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "File organisation; Internet; Microcomputer
                 applications; Operating system kernels; Programming;
                 Public domain software; Unix",
}

@Book{Welsh:1995:LBG,
  author =       "Matt Welsh and others",
  title =        "The {Linux} bible: the {GNU} testament",
  publisher =    pub-YGGDRASIL,
  address =      pub-YGGDRASIL:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "1596",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-883601-12-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-883601-12-6",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.76 O63 L56 1995",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 17:17:38 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Linux; Operating systems (Computers)",
}

@Article{Winter:1995:UAL,
  author =       "R. Winter",
  title =        "Understanding assembly language listings from {C}
                 compilers",
  journal =      j-EMBED-SYS-PROG,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "94--96, 98, 101, 103--113",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "EYPRE4",
  ISSN =         "1040-3272",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3272",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Engineers doing embedded systems work are wondering if
                 their next project should use a high-level language
                 such as C rather than assembly language. The advantages
                 are shorter development time, potentially more readable
                 (and maintainable) code, and more capability to handle
                 large, complicated software systems. This article is
                 intended to be used by embedded systems engineers who
                 are making the transition from working in assembly
                 language to C. The article is also aimed at software
                 engineers who have had no need to examine assembly
                 language listings, because of the prevalence of source
                 code debuggers. The article demonstrates the specifics
                 of recognizing most of the major high-level language
                 constructs in an assembly listing. Examples and a short
                 program are analyzed, using the output of a typical
                 embedded compiler and the output of the GNU C compiler,
                 a well-known optimizing compiler. Also included is a
                 general background on how C compilers work, how they
                 translate source code into assembly language
                 statements, and the layout of a program's components in
                 memory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Adv. Microcontroller Div., Motorola Inc., Austin, TX,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6140B
                 (Machine-oriented languages); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  fjournal =     "Embedded Systems Programming",
  keywords =     "Assembly language listings; Development time; Embedded
                 compiler; Embedded systems; GNU C compiler; High-level
                 language constructs; Large, complicated software
                 systems; Maintainable code; Memory; Optimizing
                 compiler; Program components layout; Readable code;
                 Software engineering; Source code debuggers",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Assembly language listings; C language; Program
                 compilers; Real-time systems; Reverse engineering;
                 Software engineering",
}

@Article{Zhou:1995:OSS,
  author =       "J. J. Zhou and Moon-Jung Chung",
  title =        "Object-oriented simulation for the Superconducting
                 Super Collider",
  journal =      j-TRANS-SOC-COMP-SIM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "TSCSEV",
  ISSN =         "0740-6797",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-6797",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 05:42:27 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The design and implementation of an object-oriented
                 simulation environment, OZ, for the Superconducting
                 Super Collider (SSC) Laboratory is described in this
                 paper. The design applies object-oriented technology to
                 data management and visualization, behavior modeling,
                 and dynamic simulation. A simulation framework called
                 InterSim is proposed to model and simulate different
                 types of objects in large systems by their
                 functionality during the development of OZ. Our
                 framework supports encapsulation, code reuse, and a
                 loosely coupled development approach. A framework is a
                 collection of classes that are cohesive and
                 self-contained to provide a set of services for a
                 particular domain. InterSim provides four conceptual
                 layers of classes in the design of a simulation
                 environment. The design of each layer can proceed
                 independently, based on a set of predefined
                 responsibilities and protocols between each layer. Our
                 goal is to accumulatively create a complete
                 functionality within each layer for reuse in future
                 software development. OZ provides a graphical user
                 interface that allows the user to visualize the design
                 data as objects in the database and to interactively
                 model system components through direct manipulation.
                 Modeling can be exercised at different levels of the
                 system decomposition hierarchy before it is dynamically
                 bound into a system for simulation. Inheritance is used
                 to derive new behavior of the system or subsystem from
                 the existing one. The implementation uses C++, GLISTK
                 library, InterViews 2.6, ISTK library, GNU C++ library,
                 and the ObjectStore database management system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Software Solution RTP, IBM Corp., Research Triangle
                 Park, NC, USA",
  classification = "A2980F (Programming for nuclear information
                 processing); C5640 (Protocols); C6110J (Object-oriented
                 programming); C6120 (File organisation); C6130B
                 (Graphics techniques); C6160J (Object-oriented
                 databases); C6180G (Graphical user interfaces); C6185
                 (Simulation techniques); C7320 (Physics and chemistry
                 computing)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation",
  keywords =     "Behavior modeling; C++; Code reuse; Data management;
                 Data visualization; Direct manipulation; Dynamic
                 simulation; Encapsulation; GLISTK library; GNU C++
                 library; Graphical user interface; Inheritance;
                 InterSim; InterViews 2.6; ISTK library; Loosely coupled
                 development approach; Object-oriented simulation; OZ;
                 Protocols; Superconducting Super Collider; System
                 components; System decomposition hierarchy",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Data visualisation; Digital simulation; Graphical user
                 interfaces; High energy physics instrumentation
                 computing; Inheritance; Object-oriented databases;
                 Object-oriented programming; Protocols",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1996:CME,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Calc} Manual, for {Emacs Calc} Version 2.02",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-18-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-18-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Correct author and year yet to be determined.",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1996:NPA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {Absoft Fortran 77 for Linux; Spyglass
                 Client Web Technology Kit in Red Hat Linux; BLAST
                 Communications Software for Linux; TenXpert CD Server
                 Upgrade; TransactNet Web Interface Toolkit; 32 bit ODBC
                 Driver for C-Tree Plus; Phonetics Data Remote}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "31",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue31/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1996:NPO,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {ObjectSpace Java Generic Library;
                 ObjectSpace Web Toolkit; Innovative Software
                 InvisibleWeb \& Offline Proxy Server; Datacomm Internet
                 and Intranet\slash Web Server with Cyrix 166MHz chip;
                 ARDI Executor 2; TowerEiffel Release 2.0; Debian Linux
                 1.1; Open Systems Management COS\slash Print; Amtec
                 Engineering Tecplot 7.0; Thought, Inc. VanillaSearch;
                 Dimension X Liquid Reality Developer's Kit; X Inside,
                 Inc. Accelerated OpenGL Solution for Linux; Spire
                 Technologies Tactician Plus}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue30/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue30/newprod.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1996:OCS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Octave} control systems toolbox: a {MATLAB}-like
                 {CACSD} environment",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on
                 Computer-Aided Control System Design",
  pages =        "386--391",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 25 16:32:32 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/matlab.bib",
  note =         "IEEE catalog number 96TH8136.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Auburn Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "AL, USA",
  classification = "723.1; 723.2; 723.5; 731.1; 921",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Symposium
                 on Computer-Aided Control System Design",
  journalabr =   "Proc IEEE Int Symp Comput Aid Control Syst Des",
  keywords =     "Computer aided control systems design; Computer aided
                 design; Computer aided software engineering; Control
                 system synthesis; Data structures; Frequency response;
                 Linear control systems; Object oriented programming;
                 Octave control systems toolbox; Optimal control
                 systems; Root loci; State space methods; Transfer
                 functions",
  meetingaddress = "Dearborn, MI, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Sep 15--18 1996",
  meetingdate2 = "09/15--18/96",
  sponsor =      "IEEE",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1996:SNA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Software: New Announcements: Free {Fortran Subset
                 ELF90}; {Fortran Plus} from {N. A. Software}; {ForeSys}
                 Tool Suite from {Scientific Services}; {Fortran}
                 Information Resources; {Fortran 90} Information
                 ({August}) from {Michael Metcalf}",
  journal =      j-FORTRAN-FORUM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--35",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1061-7264 (print), 1931-1311 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1061-7264",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 07 06:54:12 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Fortran Forum",
  issue =        "46",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J286",
}

@Misc{Baker:1996:SST,
  author =       "Mary Baker and Bob Bruce and William H. Davidow and
                 Michael Tiemann and Linus Torvalds",
  title =        "Selling Stuff that's Free: the Commercial Side of Free
                 Software",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 21 14:41:50 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Unpublished invited talk at the USENIX 1996 Annual
                 Technical Conference, January 22--26, 1996, San Diego,
                 CA.",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sd96/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Beck:1996:LKI,
  author =       "Michael Beck and Harold Bohme and Mirko Dzladzka and
                 Ulrich Kunitz and Robert Magnus and Dirk Verworner",
  title =        "{Linux} Kernel Internals",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 438",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-201-87741-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-87741-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 L55 1996",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 08:36:27 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Forward by Linus Torvalds, creator of LINUX.",
  price =        "US\$38.68",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bernstein:1996:LCG,
  author =       "Daniel J. Bernstein",
  title =        "From the Land of {C++}: {Gnu Emacs}: an {X}-Based
                 Development Tool",
  journal =      j-X-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "77--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "XJOUEA",
  ISSN =         "1056-7003",
  ISSN-L =       "1056-7003",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 05 09:14:34 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The X Journal",
}

@Book{Bikerman:1996:WWC,
  author =       "Tania M. Bikerman",
  title =        "World wide computing: computing skills workshop,
                 1996--1997",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "376",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-07-064712-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-064712-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  series =       "Custom college series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  alttitle =     "Computing skills workshop, 1996-1997 Computing skills
                 workshop",
  annote =       "This book is part of the three-book series designed
                 for the 1996--1997 Computing Skills Workshop (CSW)
                 course. \ldots{} CSW is a required class for all
                 undergraduates at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). P.
                 15. Electronic communication: E-mail and b-boards,
                 Basic MacMail, Advanced MacMail, Basic UNIX EzMail,
                 Advanced UNIX EzMail / Jon P. Nedel --- The Internet /
                 Tania M. Bikerman --- Telnet / Max Chittister --- World
                 Wide Web and Netscape / Tania M. Bikerman --- FTP / Max
                 Chittister --- Using the library catalog / John L.
                 Tofanelli, Lucinda Stell, and Maureen Dawley ---
                 Introduction to HTML / Tania M. Bikerman ---
                 Introduction to UNIX: UNIX, Emacs / David M. Atrostic
                 and Kerry Hagan.",
  keywords =     "Andrew (Computer operating system); Carnegie Mellon
                 University Libraries --- Catalog.; Carnegie Mellon
                 University.; Computer bulletin boards.; Computers ---
                 Study and teaching --- Pennsylvania --- Pittsburgh.;
                 Electronic mail systems.; GNU Emacs.; HTML (Document
                 markup language); Internet (Computer network); MacMail
                 (Computer file); Messages (Computer file); Netscape.;
                 UNIX (Computer file); World Wide Web (Information
                 retrieval system)",
}

@Article{Browning:1996:MFS,
  author =       "John Browning",
  title =        "Making Free Software Pay",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "274",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--35",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0196-35a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 08:36:30 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v274/n1/pdf/scientificamerican0196-35a.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Book{Cameron:1996:LGE,
  author =       "Debra Cameron and Bill Rosenblatt and Eric S.
                 Raymond",
  title =        "Learning {GNU Emacs}",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xxiv + 533",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-152-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-152-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49 C35 1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 11:01:59 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/products/catalogs/book.catalog;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  series =       "A Nutshell handbook",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/gnu2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "UNIX text processing.",
  keywords =     "GNU Emacs.; Text editors (Computer programs)",
}

@Book{Chassell:1996:TGD,
  author =       "Robert J. Chassell and Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "Texinfo: The {GNU} Documentation Format (for Texinfo
                 version 2.23, 1 October 1996)",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-64-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-64-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:17:03 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$25.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eddelbuttel:1996:SRO,
  author =       "Dirk Eddelb{\"u}ttel",
  title =        "Software review: Object-oriented econometrics: Matrix
                 programming in {C++} using {GCC} and {\tt newmat}",
  journal =      j-J-APPL-ECONOMETRICS,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "199--209",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "JAECET",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-1255%28199603%2911%3A2%3C199%3A%3AAID-JAE395%3E3.0.CO%3B2-P",
  ISSN =         "0883-7252 (print), 1099-1255 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0883-7252",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 9 10:19:49 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jappleconometrics.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Applied Econometrics",
  journal-URL =  "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991255;
                 https://www.jstor.org/journal/japplecon",
  onlinedate =   "March 1996",
}

@MastersThesis{Espedal:1996:RAB,
  author =       "Norvald Espedal",
  title =        "Realisering av brukergrensesnitt for {AML} i {GNU
                 Emacs}",
  type =         "Hovedoppgave",
  school =       "????",
  address =      "Stavanger, Norway",
  pages =        "vii + 58",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 10:15:06 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Norwegian",
}

@Misc{Gehring:1996:SFS,
  author =       "Robert Gehring",
  title =        "{Studienarbeit: Freeware, Shareware und Public Domain:
                 Geschichte, Begrifflichkeit, Urheberrecht und Haftung}.
                 ({German}) [{Study} work: Freeware, Shareware, and
                 Public Domain: History, concepts, copyright, and
                 liability]",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:13:12 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://ig.cs.tu-berlin.de/oldstatic/sa/043",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gordon:1996:IG,
  author =       "Ian Gordon",
  title =        "Introduction to Gawk",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue25/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "How to speed up your programming tasks using the GNU
                 version of awk.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{Hagan:1996:UCS,
  author =       "Kerry Hagan and Chris Alan Thyberg and Carnegie Mellon
                 University",
  title =        "{UNIX}: computing skills workshop, 1995--1996",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "146",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-07-064681-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-064681-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 08:29:31 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  series =       "College custom series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  alttitle =     "Computing skills workshop, 1995-1996 Computing skills
                 workshop",
  annote =       "This book is one of the six modular course texts we
                 have prepared for the 1995--1996 Computing Skills
                 Workshops. Computing Skills Workshop (CSW) is a
                 required class for all undergraduates at Carnegie
                 Mellon. P. [i]. UNIX: looks at beginning and
                 intermediate topics in UNIX, as well as the GNU Emacs
                 text editor. P. [ii].",
  keywords =     "Computers --- Study and teaching --- Pennsylvania ---
                 Pittsburgh.; GNU Emacs.; UNIX (Computer file)",
}

@Book{Lions:1996:LCU,
  author =       "John Lions",
  title =        "{Lions'} Commentary on {UNIX 6th Edition}, with Source
                 Code",
  publisher =    "Peer-to-Peer Communications",
  address =      "San Jose, CA 95164-0218, USA",
  pages =        "254",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "1-57398-013-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57398-013-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 L562 1996",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 26 10:43:09 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "With forewords by Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson.
                 Prefatory notes by Peter H. Salus and Michael Tilson; a
                 Historical Note by Peter H. Salus; and Appreciations by
                 Greg Rose, Mike O'Dell, Berny Goodheart, Peter
                 Collinson, and Peter Reintjes. Originally circulated as
                 two restricted-release volumes: ``UNIX Operating System
                 Source Code Level Six'', and ``A Commentary on the UNIX
                 Operating System''.",
  price =        "US\$29.96; CAN\$41.95",
  series =       "Computer classics revisited",
  URL =          "http://www.peer-to-peer.com/catalog/opsrc/lions.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Loosemore:1996:GCL,
  author =       "Sandra Loosemore and Richard M. Stallman and Roland
                 McGrath and Andrew Oram",
  title =        "The {GNU C Library} reference manual",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 674",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-53-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-53-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 08:15:27 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "0.07 draft, last updated 21 May 1996.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "C (langage de programmation); GNU Emacs.",
}

@Article{Loui:1996:WGA,
  author =       "Ronald P. Loui",
  title =        "Why {GAWK} for {AI}?",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "8--9",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:17:22 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Morin:1996:MUV,
  author =       "Richard Morin",
  title =        "{Mach}-Based {UNIX} Variants",
  journal =      j-SUNEXPERT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "30, 32, 33",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1996",
  ISSN =         "1053-9239",
  ISSN-L =       "1053-9239",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 09 16:10:35 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Discusses the University of Utah's Mach 4 project (see
                 http://www.cs.utah.edu/projects/flux/mach4/html/) the
                 GNU Hurd project (see
                 http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/hurd/) and the
                 commercial Mach Ten implementation that runs Mach on
                 top of MacOS (see http://www.tenon.com/).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SunExpert Magazine",
}

@Book{Purcell:1996:LBG,
  editor =       "John Purcell and Amanda Robinson",
  title =        "The {Linux} Bible: The {GNU} Testament",
  publisher =    pub-YGGDRASIL,
  address =      pub-YGGDRASIL:adr,
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "v + 1886",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "1-883601-10-X (??), 1-883601-20-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-883601-10-2 (??), 978-1-883601-20-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 L5458 1996",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 04 08:31:38 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD ROM.",
  price =        "US\$39.95",
  URL =          "http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/bible4.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Robbins:1996:EAP,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "Effective {AWK} Programming: a User's Guide for {GNU
                 AWK}",
  publisher =    pub-SSC,
  address =      pub-SSC:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 322",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-916151-88-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-916151-88-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A95 R63 1996",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 13 15:05:01 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  price =        "US\$27.00",
  URL =          "http://www.ssc.com/ssc/eap/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rybin:1996:AGG,
  author =       "S. Rybin and A. Strohmeier and E. Zueff",
  title =        "{ASIS} for {GNAT}: goals, problems and implementation
                 strategy",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "39--49",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 20 07:41:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6115 (Programming
                 support); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  corpsource =   "Sci.-Res. Comput. Center, Moscow State Univ., Russia",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J32",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada compiler; Ada Semantic Interface; ASIS; GNAT;
                 high level language; implement; implementation
                 strategy; program compiler; program compilers;
                 programming environments; software environment;
                 Specification",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Rybin:1996:AGP,
  author =       "S. Rybin and A. Strohmeier and A. Kuchumov and V.
                 Fofanov",
  title =        "{ASIS} for {GNAT}: From the Prototype to the Full
                 Implementation",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1088",
  pages =        "298--??",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 14 09:38:08 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/bookseries/558",
}

@Book{Stallman:1996:DGG,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "Debugging with {GDB}: the {GNU} source-level
                 debugger",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 188",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-09-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-09-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.D43 S73 1996",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 31 12:45:26 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "For GDB version 4.16.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "C (computer program language) -- testing; debugging in
                 computer science -- computer programs; gdb (computer
                 file)",
}

@Misc{Stallman:1996:FSD,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "The Free Software Definition",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 09:54:49 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stallman:1996:TAN,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{ThinkWrap} --- {Americans} now face the threat of two
                 years in prison for indecent network postings; it would
                 be helpful if they could access precise rules for
                 avoiding imprisonment",
  journal =      j-DATAMATION,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "98--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "DTMNAT",
  ISSN =         "0011-6963",
  ISSN-L =       "0011-6963",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 4 17:16:13 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Datamation",
}

@Article{Troan:1996:FSSa,
  author =       "Erik Troan",
  title =        "Free Software Solutions: The {Python} Language",
  journal =      j-X-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "96--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "XJOUEA",
  ISSN =         "1056-7003",
  ISSN-L =       "1056-7003",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 05 09:14:34 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The X Journal",
}

@Article{Troan:1996:FSSb,
  author =       "Erik Troan",
  title =        "Free Software Solutions: Basic {X} Programming in
                 {Python}",
  journal =      j-X-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "84--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "XJOUEA",
  ISSN =         "1056-7003",
  ISSN-L =       "1056-7003",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 05 09:14:34 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The X Journal",
}

@Article{Troan:1996:FSSc,
  author =       "Erik Troan",
  title =        "Free Software Solutions: Meta Widgets in {Python}",
  journal =      j-X-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "XJOUEA",
  ISSN =         "1056-7003",
  ISSN-L =       "1056-7003",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 4 09:14:40 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.sigs.com/publications/docs/txjr/9607/txjr9607.toc.html",
  fjournal =     "The X Journal",
}

@Article{Troan:1996:FSSd,
  author =       "Erik Troan",
  title =        "Free Software Solutions: {Linux} 2.0",
  journal =      j-X-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "72, 70",
  month =        nov # " and " # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "XJOUEA",
  ISSN =         "1056-7003",
  ISSN-L =       "1056-7003",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 20 06:22:33 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sigs.com/publications/docs/txjr/9611/txjr9611.toc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The X Journal",
}

@Article{Vaught:1996:GGX,
  author =       "Andy Vaught",
  title =        "Graphing with {Gnuplot} and {Xmgr}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue28/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Volkman:1996:MG,
  author =       "Victor R. Volkman",
  title =        "Micro-{C} and {GNU}",
  journal =      j-CCCUJ,
  volume =       "14",
  type =         "C/C++ Sources",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "CCUJEX",
  ISSN =         "1075-2838",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-2838",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 16:52:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/cbklist.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C/C++ Users Journal",
}

@TechReport{Akkas:1997:ITI,
  author =       "A. Akkas and M. J. Schulte",
  title =        "Implementing and Testing Interval Operations and
                 Intrinsics in the {GNU Fortran} Compiler",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "Lehigh University",
  address =      "Bethlehem, PA, USA",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 11 05:49:37 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://home.ku.edu.tr/~ahakkas/publications/Impl_Test_Intv_Op.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:BRPc,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {Programming with GNU Software}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue38/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:BRPh,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Programming with GNU
                 software}}: By Mike Loukides and Andy Oram. O'Reilly,
                 Sebastopol, CA. (1997). 244 pages. \$39.95 (CD
                 included)}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "148--148",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:48:39 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122197901577",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:NPS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {SAMBA 1.9.17; Laptop Accelerated-X
                 Display Server; MetaCard 2.1.1 and the MetaCard Starter
                 Kit; pryzm; QuickStart; TIMESERIES by Empress;
                 TalentSoft Web+ 3.0; Open Sound System Sound Drivers
                 for Linux; Gnu Emacs Verson 20}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "44",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue44/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/2550.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:TNF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Technology News: {Fortran 90} News; Free Software;
                 Symbolic Computing Packages; {Matlab 5}; {Web}
                 Products",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--??",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ISCEE4",
  ISSN =         "1070-9924 (print), 1558-190X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1070-9924",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 9 08:57:23 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/cs/books/cs1997/pdf/c1087.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computational Science \& Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=99",
}

@Article{Ayers:1997:CXG,
  author =       "Larry Ayers",
  title =        "A comparison of {Xemacs} and {Gnu Emacs}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue34/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Baker:1997:LLA,
  author =       "T. P. Baker and Dong-Ik Oh and Seung-Jin Moon",
  title =        "Low-Level {Ada} Tasking Support for {GNAT} ---
                 Performance and Portability Improvements",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36--44",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 9 11:28:13 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "GNARL is the tasking runtime system of the Gnu NYU
                 Ada95 Translator (GNAT). GNARL is divided into two main
                 layers, the lower of which isolates dependences on a
                 particular host operating system or real-time kernel.
                 For portability, the primary implementation of this
                 lower level accesses OS services via the POSIX
                 interfaces. We describe our redesign of the low-level
                 interface, to improve both performance and portability.
                 Performance comparisons between the new and old runtime
                 system on Solaris 2.4 show up to approximately 40
                 percent improvement on tasking related operations (11
                 Refs.)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Florida State Univ.,
                 Tallahassee, FL, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J32",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada tasking support; compiler; GNARL; GNAT; Gnu
                 Ada Runtime Library; Gnu NYU Ada95 Translator; low-
                 level interface; operating system; operating system
                 kernels; performance; POSIX; program compilers; program
                 interpreters; real-time kernel; real-time systems;
                 software libraries; software performance evaluation;
                 software portability; Solaris 2.4; tasking runtime
                 system; Unix",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Bramley:1997:TNF,
  author =       "Randall Bramley",
  title =        "Technology News: {Fortran 90} News; Free Software;
                 Symbolic Computing Packages; {Matlab 5}; {Web}
                 Products",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87, 89--90",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ISCEE4",
  ISSN =         "1070-9924 (print), 1558-190X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1070-9924",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 9 08:57:23 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/cs/books/cs1997/pdf/c1087.pdf;
                 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~xiaoye;
                 http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/vavasis/qmg-home.html;
                 http://www.globus.org/sage; http://www.macsyma.com/;
                 http://www.mathworks.com/;
                 http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/linpackjava;
                 http://www.netlib.org/scalapack;
                 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/subway/phylogen.html;
                 http://www.vni.com/products/wpd/jnl/jnl_1_0.html;
                 http://www.wolfram.com/look/cse",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "The QMG1.1 mesh generation code, written in Matlab and
                 C++, is available at the Cornell URL listed in this
                 entry.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computational Science \& Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=99",
}

@Book{Chassell:1997:PEL,
  author =       "Robert J. Chassell",
  title =        "Programming in {Emacs Lisp}: an Introduction",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "21",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-41-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-41-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Chin:1997:BRW,
  author =       "Eric Chin",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\em Writing GNU Emacs Extensions}}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:27 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/contents/contents.dec97.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1997-12/emacs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@InProceedings{Comar:1997:TGJ,
  author =       "C. Comar and G. Dismukes and F. Gasperoni",
  title =        "Targeting {GNAT} to the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1997:PTA",
  pages =        "149--164",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 20 13:43:51 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigada.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Do:1997:LEU,
  author =       "James Do and Muhammed Mudawwar",
  title =        "Letters to the Editor: {Unicode} Misunderstood",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "6, 9",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 04 08:59:03 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Response and rebuttal to \cite{Mudawwar:1997:MTM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Duerinckx:1997:CRC,
  author =       "G. Duerinckx",
  title =        "Cyclic redundancy checks in {Ada95}",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--53",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 9 11:00:49 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Presents an implementation of the POSIX/UNIX95 CRC
                 (cyclic redundancy checking) algorithm in Ada95. Our
                 purpose is three-fold. (1) We want to provide standard
                 source code that can be recompiled on any platform,
                 UNIX-like or not, and be reused by other projects. (2)
                 We want the implementation to be generic and scalable,
                 typically from a 16-bit up to a 64- bit CRC checksum.
                 This goal is achieved by designing a generic
                 implementation, of which the POSIX/UNIX95 CRC is a
                 specific 32-bit instantiation, based on previous well-
                 designed and optimized work done in C. (3) The
                 implementation illustrates some of the new features of
                 the Ada95 language: shifting and rotating procedures,
                 modular types, aliased accesses, generic formal
                 package, child packages, exception information, etc.
                 Computing CRC checksums has proven difficult and slow
                 to execute in Ada83. The generic implementation of CRC
                 checksums illustrates some powerful and easy-to-use
                 features of Ada95. The algorithm is scalable up to any
                 octuple CRC size. Both 16-bit and 32-bit instances are
                 provided; 64-bit (or higher) can be created if
                 necessary. The CRC32 instance is fully compatible with
                 the POSIX/UNIX95 specification. The implementation is
                 quite fast. However, there is no way it can be any
                 faster than one done in hardware or one that relies on
                 a low-level language. Speed alone was not the premium;
                 instead, we mainly focused on portability, openness,
                 reuse and scalability issues. The presented code has
                 been compiled with the currently available version of
                 the GNAT compiler for DOS. It has been unit tested
                 against existing C implementations (5 Refs.)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B6120B (Codes); C6110B (Software engineering
                 techniques); C6155 (Computer communications software);
                 C7410F (Communications computing)",
  corpsource =   "TRASYS, Brussels, Belgium",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J32",
  keywords =     "16 to 64 bit; Ada listings; Ada95; aliased accesses; C
                 implementations; child packages; computer
                 communications software; CRC checksums; CRC32 instance;
                 cyclic redundancy checks; error detection; exception
                 handling; exception information; generic formal
                 package; generic scalable implementation; GNAT compiler
                 for DOS; modular types; octuple CRC size; openness;
                 portability; POSIX/UNIX95 CRC algorithm; redundancy;
                 reusable code; rotating procedures; scalability;
                 shifting procedures; software portability; software
                 reusability; standard source code; telecommunication
                 computing; unit testing; Unix",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Eaton:1997:GOH,
  author =       "John W. Eaton",
  title =        "{GNU Octave}: a high-level interactive language for
                 numerical computations",
  publisher =    pub-NETWORK-THEORY,
  address =      pub-NETWORK-THEORY:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 311",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "0-9541617-2-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-9541617-2-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 04 16:11:15 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Edition 3 for Octave version 2.0.13, February 1997.",
}

@Article{Friesenhahn:1997:AMP,
  author =       "Bob Friesenhahn",
  title =        "{Autoconf} Makes for Portable Software --- Use of {OS}
                 features and a freeware scripting utility solves
                 application portability across various flavors of
                 {Unix}",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "45--46",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 24 17:12:05 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
}

@Article{Fyk:1997:IPP,
  author =       "J. Fyk",
  title =        "Intonational Protention in the Performance of Melodic
                 Octaves on the Violin",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1317",
  pages =        "421--??",
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 28 08:51:33 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1997b.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Glickstein:1997:WGE,
  author =       "Bob Glickstein",
  title =        "Writing {GNU Emacs} Extensions",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 215",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-261-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-261-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49G56 1997",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 28 10:22:02 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ora.bib",
  abstract =     "This book introduces Emacs Lisp and tells you how to
                 make the editor do whatever you want, whether it's
                 altering the way text scrolls or inventing a whole new
                 ``major mode.'' Topics progress from simple to complex,
                 from lists, symbols, and keyboard commands to syntax
                 tables, macro templates, and error recovery.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "1: Customizing Emacs \\
                 2: Simple New Commands \\
                 3: Cooperating Commands \\
                 4: Searching and Modifying Buffers \\
                 5: Lisp Files \\
                 6: Lists \\
                 7: Minor Mode \\
                 8: Evaluation and Error Recovery \\
                 9: a Major Mode \\
                 10: a Comprehensive Example \\
                 A: Lisp Quick Reference \\
                 B: Debugging and Profiling \\
                 C: Sharing Your Code \\
                 D: Obtaining and Building Emacs",
}

@Article{Heffan:1997:CLC,
  author =       "Ira V. Heffan",
  title =        "Copyleft: Licensing Collaborative Works in the Digital
                 Age",
  journal =      "Stanford Law Review",
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1487--1522",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:25:19 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://open-bar.org/docs/copyleft.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jenson:1997:BRP,
  author =       "Rob Jenson",
  title =        "Book Review: Programming with {GNU} Software",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "66--67",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 13 10:48:45 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/cgi-bin/sortbib.pl?-sA",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Lewin:1997:MGW,
  author =       "David I. Lewin",
  title =        "{Mr. GNU}'s Who",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "406--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CPHYE2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4822578",
  ISSN =         "0894-1866 (print), 1558-4208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0894-1866",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 08:46:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computphys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4822578",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. Phys",
  fjournal =     "Computers in Physics",
  journal-URL =  "https://aip.scitation.org/journal/cip",
}

@Book{Loukides:1997:PGS,
  author =       "Mike Loukides and Andy Oram",
  title =        "Programming with {GNU} Software",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 244",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-112-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-112-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63L65 1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 23 14:54:43 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  price =        "US\$39.95",
  URL =          "http://www.ora.com/catalog/prognu/;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/prognu",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mudawwar:1997:MTM,
  author =       "Muhammed F. Mudawwar",
  title =        "{Multicode}: a Truly Multilingual Approach to Text
                 Encoding: {Unicode} was designed to extend {ASCII} for
                 encoding text in different languages, but it still have
                 several important drawbacks. Multicode overcomes those
                 drawbacks",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--43",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 29 17:59:51 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See also response and rebuttal \cite{Do:1997:LEU} and
                 letter \cite{Clinton:1998:LBM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B6120B (Codes); C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., American Univ., Cairo, Egypt",
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  keywords =     "ASCII; character sets; code conversion; code
                 standards; computer industry acceptance; DP industry;
                 future; Multicode; multilingual approach; programming
                 ease; reserved character set; text encoding; Unicode
                 file representation; unified fonts; variable length
                 codes",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
}

@Article{Plonka:1997:MSA,
  author =       "Dave Plonka",
  title =        "Managing Sys Admin Tasks with {GNATS}",
  journal =      j-SYS-ADMIN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "SYADE7",
  ISSN =         "1061-2688",
  ISSN-L =       "1061-2688",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 12 17:14:49 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Sys admin: the journal for UNIX system
                 administrators",
}

@Book{Robbins:1997:EAP,
  author =       "Arnold Robbins",
  title =        "Effective {AWK} Programming",
  publisher =    pub-SSC,
  address =      pub-SSC:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "x + 322",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-57831-000-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57831-000-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A95 R63 1997",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 18 13:49:27 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$27.00",
  URL =          "http://www.ssc.com/ssc/eap/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Schulte:1997:AIS,
  author =       "M. J. Schulte and V. Zelov and A. Akkas and J. C.
                 Burley",
  title =        "Adding Interval Support to the {GNU Fortran}
                 Compiler",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "Lehigh University",
  address =      "Bethlehem, PA, USA",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 11 05:46:57 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://home.ku.edu.tr/~ahakkas/publications/Add_Intv_Sup_Comp.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smyth:1997:GGN,
  author =       "Gavin Smyth",
  title =        "{GNAT}: The {GNU New York University Ada Translator}:
                 a high-quality, low-cost {Ada 95} compiler",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "86, 88, 89--90, 105--107",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 17:26:40 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Gavin examines the GNU New York University Ada
                 Translator, a high-quality, lowcost Ada 95 (and Ada 83)
                 compiler that supports DOS< WIndows, and various
                 flavors of UNIX.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Book{Snyder:1997:TUS,
  author =       "Garth Snyder and Trent R. Hein and Evi Nemeth",
  title =        "Tools for {UNIX} system administrators",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "0-13-665431-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-665431-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 T45 1997",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 25 07:14:38 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Companion CD-ROM to {\em UNIX system administration
                 handbook, 2nd ed.}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer networks; computer programs; computer
                 security; electronic mail systems; GNU; Internet
                 (computer network) -- security measures; operating
                 systems (computers); TCP/IP (computer network
                 protocol); UNIX (computer file); utilities (computer
                 programs)",
}

@Book{Stallman:1997:GEM,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} Manual, for Version 20.1",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Thirteenth",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-06-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-06-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stallman:1997:SDR,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "Societal Dimensions: The Right to Read",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "85--87",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 10 18:17:54 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/cacm/1997-40-2/p85-stallman/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C0230 (Economic, social and political aspects of
                 computing); C0310D (Computer installation management)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "Clinton administration; Clipper chip; computer crime;
                 design; industrial property; key-escrow proposals;
                 legal aspects; management; pirates; right to read;
                 security; Software Protection Authority; Software
                 Publisher's Association",
  subject =      "{\bf K.1} Computing Milieux, THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY.
                 {\bf K.5.0} Computing Milieux, LEGAL ASPECTS OF
                 COMPUTING, General. {\bf K.4.0} Computing Milieux,
                 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY, General.",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Book{Stallman:1997:TMT,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "The {Termcap} Manual: The {Termcap} Library and Data
                 Base",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "68 (est.)",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-87-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-87-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.gnupress.org/book12.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Troan:1997:FSS,
  author =       "Eric Troan",
  title =        "Free Software Solutions: From {Python} to {Java}",
  journal =      j-UNIX-DEVELOPER,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "77--78",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1997",
  ISSN =         "1090-2279",
  ISSN-L =       "1090-2279",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 16 17:23:49 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "UNIX Developer",
}

@Article{Udell:1997:VFS,
  author =       "Jon Udell",
  title =        "The Value of Free Software --- Freeware gems like
                 {Apache}, {Linux}, and {Perl} keep the {Web} spinning",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "109--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 17:26:39 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
}

@InProceedings{Unger:1997:TGI,
  author =       "A. Unger and E. Zehendner",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 23rd EUROMICRO Conference EUROMICRO
                 97. `New Frontiers of Information Technology'",
  title =        "Tuning the {GNU} instruction scheduler to superscalar
                 microprocessors",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "275--282",
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.1997.617287",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 17:20:12 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "In the past, the GNU C compiler (GCC) has been
                 successfully ported to several superscalar
                 microprocessors. For that purpose, the instruction
                 timing of the target processor was usually modeled in a
                 straightforward manner. Unfortunately, in our
                 experience, this is likely to lead the instruction
                 scheduler astray. In this paper, we describe some of
                 our experiments that revealed such flaws, concerning
                 the DEC Alpha 21064 as well as other superscalar RISC
                 processors. We analyze the circumstances that led to
                 poorly scheduled code and demonstrate how the machine
                 description supplied for a superscalar processor can be
                 modified to fit some of these problems without
                 hampering the portability of the GCC. On the other
                 hand, we show situations for which we do not have a
                 solution within the given framework",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Vestal:1997:RMD,
  author =       "S. Vestal and L. Guerby and R. Dewar and D. McConnell
                 and B. Lewis",
  title =        "Reimplementing a multiprocess distributed paradigm for
                 real-time systems in {Ada 95}",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "93--99",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 7 19:18:03 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110F (Formal methods); C6115 (Programming
                 support); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors); C6150N (Distributed systems software);
                 C7150 (Military computing); C7460 (Aerospace
                 engineering computing)",
  conflocation = "Ravenscar, UK; 8-10 April 1997",
  conftitle =    "Eighth International Real-Time Ada Workshop",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J32",
  keywords =     "Ada; aerospace computing; aerospace simulation;
                 application generators; computer aided software
                 engineering; formal specification; GNAT Ada 95
                 compiler; hard real-time distributed systems; language
                 issues; military computing; missile flight simulation
                 code; missiles; multiprocess distributed paradigm;
                 multiprocessing programs; performance; program
                 compilers; real-time systems; software performance
                 evaluation; software tools; specification/generation
                 software tool; Sun Solaris",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Vieth:1997:GEE,
  author =       "Ulrik Vieth",
  title =        "A {GNU Emacs} editing mode for {\MF} and {\MP}
                 sources",
  journal =      j-TUGboat,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12--16",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1997",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  ISSN-L =       "0896-3207",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 13 10:24:20 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/index-table-t.html#tugboat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tugboat.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-bnb # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1998:NPG,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {GO-Global 1.5, GraphOn Corp.; InterBase
                 5 for Linux, InterBase Software Corp.; ObjectTeam for
                 Linux, Cayenne Software, Inc.; NetWare for Linux 1.0
                 and KDE, Caldera, Inc.; 264DP Screamer Dual Alpha
                 21264, Microway, Inc.; NetBeans Developer 2.0, Beta 3,
                 NetBeans, Inc.; Metro Link Motif Complete!, Metro Link
                 Inc.; Debian GNU\slash Linux 2.0 ``Hamm'', Debian
                 GNU\slash Linux; Journyx Webtime Version 2.0, Journyx
                 LLC}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "55",
  pages =        "91, 95",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 20 16:41:32 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue55/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Aviram:1998:GON,
  author =       "Mariva H. Aviram",
  title =        "{GNU} offers a new kind of {Java IDE}",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "7",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  ISSN-L =       "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 10:33:06 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-1998/jw-07-freebuilder.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Burgess:1998:MFA,
  author =       "Mark Burgess and Demosthenes Skipitaris",
  title =        "Managing Filesystem {ACLs} with {GNU\slash Cfengine}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:35 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/contents/contents.jun98.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1998-6/acls.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Charles:1998:NOS,
  author =       "John Charles",
  title =        "In The News: Open Source: {Netscape} Pops the Hood:
                 {NSF} Grant Funds National Network: Engineering
                 Center",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "79--82",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.1998.687951",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 7 08:58:23 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1998/pdf/s4079.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@TechReport{Clement-Fontaine:1998:LPG,
  author =       "M{\'e}lanie Cl{\'e}ment-Fontaine",
  title =        "La license publique g{\'e}n{\'e}rale {GNU} [logiciel
                 libre]",
  type =         "M{\'e}moire de D.E.A Droit des Cr{\'e}ations
                 Immat{\'e}rielles",
  institution =  "Universit{\'e} de Montpellier, I Facult{\'e} de
                 Droit",
  address =      "Montpellier, France",
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 09:56:48 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://www.juriscom.net/uni/mem/08/log01.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Clinton:1998:LBM,
  author =       "Terry Clinton and Tom Parsons and Capers Jones and
                 William Adams and Garth Klatt and Eric Haines and Ted
                 Lewis and Philip Machanik and Stig Nilsson and Karl
                 Reed and Howard R. Stearns and Neville Holmes and John
                 Brownie",
  title =        "Letters: The Benefits of Model-Based Integration;
                 Documentation is Not Green; Picking on the Overdog;
                 Buggy, Slow Windoze; There's No Such Thing as Free
                 Software; {Linus}' Law of Open Source Development;
                 Bug-Free Development? No Way; Governmental {IT}
                 Planning and the {Computer Society}; Text Encoding
                 Questions; Encoding the World's Languages",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "4, 5--7, 11",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 09 06:08:41 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Two letters discuss Unicode and Multicode
                 \cite{Mudawwar:1997:MTM}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co1998/pdf/ry004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{DDJStaff:1998:NVK,
  author =       "{DDJ Staff}",
  title =        "News and Views: Kudos for Free Software Pioneers;
                 {PSCs}: Personal Supercomputers; Smart Dialing; Let it
                 Snow\ldots{}; Math for the {Web}; The Taxman Changes;
                 Advances in Nanoelectromechanical Technology; {Tcl}
                 Goes it Alone",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 1 16:59:28 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@InProceedings{deIcaza:1998:GDE,
  author =       "Miguel de Icaza and Elliot Lee and Federica Mena",
  title =        "The {GNOME} Desktop Environment",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1998:PFT",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 09:04:41 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix98/freenix/icaza.ps",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Edwards:1998:ITC,
  author =       "John Edwards",
  title =        "Industry Trends: The Changing Face of Freeware",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "11--13",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 6 18:50:08 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co1998/pdf/rx011.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes discussion of the Free Software Foundation,
                 the GNU Project, GNU/Linux, and Apache.",
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Hackvan:1998:QOS,
  author =       "Stig Hackv{\"a}n",
  title =        "Not quite {Open Source}, but close",
  journal =      "Linux Today",
  day =          "10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:22:58 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=1998-12-10-001-05-NW-CY",
  abstract =     "Sun calls the new Java license its Sun Community
                 Source License (SCSL). Precise terms of the new Java
                 license will not be made available until January,
                 1999.\par

                 SCSL is customized for each different product and Sun
                 already uses SCSL to license its Jini
                 technology.\par

                 ``The Java platform is definitely not free software,
                 but it is more open than it was before. The cost of
                 gaining access to the platform's source code has been
                 greatly reduced and the level of freedom granted to
                 members of the community of SCSL licensees has been
                 greatly increased.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Howes:1998:TPC,
  author =       "Brad Howes",
  title =        "Template processing classes for {Python}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38, 40, 42, 44--46, 48, 100",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 21 19:02:04 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/dr-dobbs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Brad shows how you can embed Python objects in HTML
                 pages using boilerplate template processing classes.
                 Then Python creator Guido van Rossum adds a note on
                 what's new in the just-released Python 1.5.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques); C6130M
                 (Multimedia); C6160J (Object- oriented databases)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "application program interfaces; BoilerPlate; CGI
                 infrastructure; conditional control; Emacs; embedded
                 HTML text; errors; HTML document template; HTML
                 editing; hypermedia; iterative control; multithreaded
                 CGI service; object database; object paradigm;
                 object-oriented databases; page description languages;
                 persistent objects; placeholders; print statements;
                 Python; run- time values; run-time HTML generation;
                 syntax coloring; tagged locations; template HTML
                 constructs; template processing classes; text regions",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Kukuk:1998:NPR,
  author =       "Amy Kukuk",
  title =        "New Products: {Raritan MasterConsole MX4, Raritan
                 Computer, Inc.; VRtuoso, Bittco Solutions; Debian
                 GNU/Linux ARM, Debian GNU/Linux; LinuxCAD, Software
                 Forge, Inc.; Perspective for Java, Three D Graphics;
                 MetaCard 2.2, MetaCard Corp.; EtherPage Version 3.0,
                 Personal Productivity Tools, Inc.; D 3 Linux v.7.1,
                 Pick Systems}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "56",
  pages =        "80, 95",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 19 17:47:27 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue56/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Lazenby:1998:TE,
  author =       "Daniel Lazenby",
  title =        "{TeraSpell 97} for {Emacs}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "48",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:35:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue48/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/2663.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Leon:1998:GIM,
  author =       "Gonzalo Le{\'o}n",
  title =        "The {GNU's Image Manipulation Program}",
  journal =      j-COMP-GRAPHICS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25--27",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CGRADI, CPGPBZ",
  ISSN =         "0097-8930 (print), 1558-4569 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8930",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 22 14:55:52 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Discusses the current status of GIMP, available from
                 \path=http://www.gimp.org=, a developing competitor to
                 Adobe Photoshop and other image manipulation
                 packages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J166",
}

@Article{Millet:1998:PGT,
  author =       "Laurent Millet and Ted Baker",
  title =        "Porting the {GNAT} Tasking Runtime System to the {Java
                 Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1411",
  pages =        "19--??",
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 11:52:10 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t1411.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/1411/14110019.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/1411/14110019.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/bookseries/558",
}

@Article{Raymond:1998:SPO,
  author =       "Eric Raymond",
  title =        "Stop the Presses: Open Source Summit",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 21 15:07:35 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Discusses Perl, Python, and Tcl.",
  URL =          "http://www.ssc.com/lj/issue50/2918.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Sanders:1998:ELO,
  author =       "James Sanders",
  title =        "Edgewatch: {Linux}, Open Source, and Software's
                 Future",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "88--91",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/52.714831",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 30 06:18:38 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1998/pdf/s5088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@TechReport{Schulte:1998:SAP,
  author =       "M. J. Schulte and V. Zelov and A. Akkas and J. C.
                 Burley",
  title =        "Summary of Accomplishments and Plans for Future
                 Research on the Interval Enhanced {GNU Fortran}
                 Compiler",
  type =         "Technical report",
  institution =  "Lehigh University",
  address =      "Bethlehem, PA, USA",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 11 05:50:56 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://home.ku.edu.tr/~ahakkas/publications/Summary.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Staff:1998:NVK,
  author =       "{DDJ Staff}",
  title =        "News and Views: Kudos for Free Software Pioneers;
                 {PSCs}: Personal Supercomputers; Smart Dialing; Let it
                 Snow\ldots{}; Math for the {Web}; The Taxman Changes;
                 Advances in Nanoelectromechanical Technology; {Tcl}
                 Goes it Alone",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 1 16:59:28 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/super.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Book{Stallman:1998:DGG,
  author =       "Richard Stallman",
  title =        "Debugging with {GDB}: the {GNU} source-level
                 debugger",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Fifth",
  pages =        "vi + 194",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-75-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-75-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.D43 S73 1998",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 31 12:45:26 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "For GDB version 4.17.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "C (computer program language) -- testing; debugging in
                 computer science -- computer programs; gdb (computer
                 file)",
}

@Misc{Stallman:1998:WFS,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "Why ``Free Software'' is better than ``Open Source''",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 09:53:59 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Viega:1998:MGM,
  author =       "John Viega and Barry Warsaw and Ken Manheimer",
  title =        "{Mailman}: The {GNU Mailing List Manager}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1998:PTS",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:49:55 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/lisa98/viega.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wolfe:1998:BP,
  author =       "Rosalee Wolfe",
  title =        "Beyond Paint",
  journal =      j-COMP-GRAPHICS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29--31",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CPGPBZ",
  ISSN =         "0097-8930 (print), 1558-4569 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8930",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 22 14:55:52 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Discusses and compares GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation
                 Program), Graphics Workshop, NIH Image\slash Scion
                 Image, Paint Shop Pro, and Webfx.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J166",
}

@Article{Anandakrishnan:1999:PEG,
  author =       "Sridhar Anandakrishnan",
  title =        "Penguins Everywhere: {GNU\slash Linux} in
                 {Antarctica}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "90--96",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/52.805480",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 25 08:50:54 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/software/so1999/s6090abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s6090.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Book{Anderson:1999:LUG,
  author =       "E. Anderson and Z. Bai and C. Bischof and S. Blackford
                 and J. Demmel and J. Dongarra and J. Du Croz and A.
                 Greenbaum and S. Hammarling and A. McKenney and D.
                 Sorensen",
  title =        "{LAPACK} Users' Guide",
  publisher =    pub-SIAM,
  address =      pub-SIAM:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xxi + 407",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-89871-447-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89871-447-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F25 L36 1999",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 19 07:23:11 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:BROa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{OpenSources: Voices from the
                 open source revolution}}: Edited by Chris DiBona, Sam
                 Ockman and Mark Stone. O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA.
                 (1999). 272 pages. \$24.95}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "173--173",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:48:55 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122199903371",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:DLS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Debian Linux} `{Super}' package buffer overflow",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "1999",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--3",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(99)90014-4",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:57:37 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485899900144",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:FOS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Free open-source code to result in global private
                 network",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "1999",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "4--4",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(99)90131-9",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:57:47 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485899901319",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:LEF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: On Free Software",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:33 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/contents/contents.feb99.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1999-2/freesoftware.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{B:1999:DIF,
  author =       "Praveen B. and Deepak Gupta and Rajat Moona",
  title =        "Design and implementation of a file system with
                 on-the-fly data compression for {GNU\slash Linux}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "863--874",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199908)29:10<863::AID-SPE261>3.0.CO;2-5",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 30 09:50:34 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "GNU/Linux, file system, VFS, on-the-fly data
                 compression, LZRW1",
}

@Article{Bollinger:1999:ROS,
  author =       "Terry Bollinger and Russell Nelson and Karsten Self
                 and Stephen Turnbull",
  title =        "Response: Open-Source Methods: Peering Through the
                 Clutter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--11",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:06:15 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s4006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Book{Busch:1999:GGG,
  author =       "David D. Busch",
  title =        "Great graphics with {GIMP}",
  publisher =    pub-PRIMA,
  address =      pub-PRIMA:adr,
  pages =        "xxx + 370",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-7615-2407-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7615-2407-6",
  LCCN =         "T385 .B8664 2000",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 15 15:56:11 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  note =         "Edited by Kevin Harreld and Kim Spilker.",
  price =        "US\$40.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not in my library.",
  subject =      "Computer graphics; GIMP (Computer file)",
}

@Book{Cameron:1999:GEP,
  author =       "Debra Cameron",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} Pocket Reference",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "iii + 58",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-496-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-496-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49 C348 1998",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 29 15:52:00 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$6.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/gnupr",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Chassell:1999:TGD,
  author =       "Robert J. Chassell and Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "Texinfo: The {GNU} Documentation Format (for Texinfo
                 version 4.0, 28 September 1999)",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "x + 244",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-67-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-67-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:17:03 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$25.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Colnet:1999:OEP,
  author =       "D. Colnet and O. Zendra",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of Technology of Object-Oriented Languages
                 and Systems, 7--10 June 1999",
  title =        "Optimizations of {Eiffel} programs: {SmallEiffel}, the
                 {GNU Eiffel Compiler}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "341--350",
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TOOLS.1999.779065",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 17:20:12 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The design of the Eiffel language makes it possible to
                 perform global optimizations on Eiffel programs. We
                 describe some of the techniques we used in SmallEiffel,
                 The GNU Eiffel Compiler, to generate highly efficient
                 executables for Eiffel programs. Most of these
                 techniques---related to global analysis or not---may
                 also be applied to other object oriented languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Comerford:1999:POS,
  author =       "Richard Comerford",
  title =        "The path to open-source systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "25--31",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/6.763200",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 16 07:37:23 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeespectrum1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
  keywords =     "commercial interest; competition; Internet; Open
                 source software; open systems; open-source systems;
                 Operating systems; operating systems; Personal
                 communication networks; Programming; Protocols;
                 Robustness; software development; software
                 distribution; software engineering; Unix; Unix
                 software; Waste materials; Web server; Workstations",
}

@InProceedings{Cranor:1999:OSR,
  author =       "Charles D. Cranor and Theo de Raadt",
  title =        "Opening the Source Repository with Anonymous {CVS}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1999:UAT",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 24 11:35:57 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.openbsd.org/papers/anoncvs-paper.ps",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Curley:1999:OSS,
  author =       "Charles Curley",
  title =        "Open Source Software for Real-time Solutions",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "66",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:11 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue66/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue66/3576.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{DDJStaff:1999:NVSa,
  author =       "{DDJ Staff}",
  title =        "News and Views: Speeding up {3D} Modeling; {Project
                 Gutenberg}; {FSF} Honors {Larry Wall}; Smart Pens Don't
                 Make Smart Writers; Power Hogs; Virtual Fish: {Java}'s
                 Killer App?; Evaluating Testing Tools; Software Patents
                 Con",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 3 09:32:09 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{delaPuente:1999:RTP,
  author =       "Juan A. de la Puente and Jos{\'e} F. Ruiz and
                 Jes{\'u}s M. Gonz{\'a}lez-Barahona",
  title =        "Real-Time Programming with {GNAT}: Specialized Kernels
                 versus {POSIX} Threads",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 31 07:04:20 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J32",
}

@Article{Deno:1999:NRB,
  author =       "Cynthia Deno",
  title =        "New Releases of {*BSD} and {Debian Linux} {OSes} Given
                 Away at {USENIX Annual Conference}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:49 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1999-6/index.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1999-6/newreleases.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Book{DiBona:1999:OSV,
  author =       "Chris DiBona and Sam Ockman and Mark Stone",
  title =        "Open Sources: Voices from the {Open Source}
                 Revolution",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 272",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-582-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-582-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.754 .O63 1999",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 18 08:07:36 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes a chapter {\em The GNU Operating System and
                 the Free Software Movement}, by Richard Stallman, and a
                 chapter {\em Future of Cygnus Solutions: An
                 Entrepreneur's Account}, by Michael Tiemann.",
  price =        "US\$24.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Donnelly:1999:BMU,
  author =       "Charles Donnelly and Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{Bison}: the {YACC}-compatible Parser Generator, Bison
                 Version 1.28",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "14",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-45-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-45-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$15",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Erickson:1999:EOS,
  author =       "Jonathan Erickson",
  title =        "Editorial: Open Season",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8--8",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 2 06:29:28 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Comments on the GNU open software approach to software
                 development, compared to the Microsoft model.",
  URL =          "http://www.ddj.com/1999/9902/9902toc.htm;
                 http://www.ddj.com/ddj/1999/1999_02/9902q/9902q.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Book{Feldman:1999:APS,
  author =       "Michael B. Feldman and Elliot B. Koffman",
  title =        "{Ada 95}: problem solving and program design",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 784",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-201-36123-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-36123-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A35 F43 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 29 16:03:08 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU ADA95 (GNAT)",
}

@Article{Fielding:1999:SLA,
  author =       "Roy T. Fielding",
  title =        "Shared leadership in the {Apache} project",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "42--43",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 8 06:53:09 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/1999-42/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/cacm/1999-42-4/p42-fielding/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Gengler:1999:NCG,
  author =       "Barbara Gengler",
  title =        "Now cryptography gets the `open source' treatment",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "1999",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(99)90058-2",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:57:40 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485899900582",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Glass:1999:NBL,
  author =       "Robert L. Glass",
  title =        "News Briefs: Loyal Opposition: Of Open Source, {Linux}
                 \ldots{} \ldots{} and Hype",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "128--??",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 1 16:52:57 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s1128.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Book{Glinsky:1999:LIO,
  author =       "Peter Glinsky and Frank Gehrke and G{\"u}nter
                 Klappheck",
  title =        "{Das LINUX im Office Buch: [erfolgreiches Arbeiten mit
                 wichtigen LINUX-Applikationen; die LINUX-B{\"u}ropakete
                 Staroffice und Applixware; das Bildbearbeitungsprogramm
                 GIMP; die Datenbank PostgreSQL]}",
  publisher =    "Sybex",
  address =      "D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany",
  pages =        "xx + 694",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "3-8155-0310-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8155-0310-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 09 16:20:35 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Goerzen:1999:DGL,
  author =       "John Goerzen and Ossama Othman",
  title =        "{Debian GNU\slash Linux}: Guide to Installation and
                 Usage",
  publisher =    pub-NEW-RIDERS,
  address =      pub-NEW-RIDERS:adr,
  pages =        "158",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-7357-0914-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7357-0914-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 .G634 1999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 15 06:40:33 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$24.99",
  URL =          "http://www.newriders.com/books/title.cfm?isbn=0735709149",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Gomulkiewicz:1999:HCU,
  author =       "Robert W. Gomulkiewicz",
  title =        "How copyleft uses license rights to succeed in the
                 {Open Source} software revolution and the implications
                 for {Article 2B}",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:13:12 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  note =         "36 Houston Law Review 179.",
  URL =          "http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/is99/Copyleft.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gray:1999:SMR,
  author =       "Bob Gray",
  title =        "Software Mini-Review: {Red Hat Linux 6.0}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:51 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1999-8/index.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1999-8/features/redhat.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Grinzo:1999:PBC,
  author =       "Lou Grinzo and Laryn Fernandes",
  title =        "Programmer's Bookshelf: Clarifying the {Open Source}
                 Movement",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "119--120",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 06:25:04 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Lou examines Open Sources: Voices of the Open Source
                 Revolution, edited by Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman, and
                 Mark Stone, while Laryn takes a look at the third
                 edition of David M. Geary's Graphic Java 2: Mastering
                 the JFC.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Hammel:1999:PWG,
  author =       "Michael J. Hammel",
  title =        "Programming {Web} Graphics with Perl and {GNU}
                 Software",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "64",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:11 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/3464.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Harrison:1999:MOS,
  author =       "Mark Harrison",
  title =        "Managing Open Source Software",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1s",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:43 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/contents/contents.jan99.html",
  note =         "Special issue on tools.",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1999-1/opensource.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Hecker:1999:SSB,
  author =       "Frank Hecker",
  title =        "Setting Up Shop: The Business of Open-Source
                 Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--51",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/52.744568",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 1 16:52:57 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/software/so1999/s1045abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s1045.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Article{Johnson:1999:OSR,
  author =       "Shawana P. Johnson",
  title =        "Open Source Remote Sensing Effort",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "64",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:11 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/3418.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Knudsen:1999:AAO,
  author =       "Craig Knudsen",
  title =        "{AbiWord}: {AbiSource}'s Open Source Word Processor",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "64",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:11 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/3545.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Knudsen:1999:OSA,
  author =       "Craig Knudsen",
  title =        "Open Source with {Applix}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "65",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:11 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue65/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue65/3574.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Kroeker:1999:NTNa,
  author =       "Kirk L. Kroeker",
  title =        "New Tools: Net Development: {Sun}'s {Java} Embedded
                 Server; {MetaCreation}'s {Web}-Savvy Graphics Tool;
                 {WebCompiler}'s {HTML} Packaging Tool. Component
                 Technology: {ProtoVIew Development}'s {ActiveX} Tools;
                 {Avilon Software}'s Load Balancing Component System.
                 Software Development: {Verilog}'s Test Checker; {Red
                 Hat} and {Metrowerks}' Development Tools for {Linux};
                 The {Object Factory}'s Optimization Tool; {Acumen
                 Systems}'s {SDK} for Imaging; {Aonix}'s
                 Process-Oriented Lifecycle Environment; {Baan}'s
                 Embedded Software Development Suite",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "103--107",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 6 06:17:23 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co1999/pdf/r5103.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Kroeker:1999:NTNb,
  author =       "Kirk L. Kroeker",
  title =        "New Tools: Net Development: {Entrust}'s {Open
                 Toolkits}; {IBM}'s {Parallel Enterprise Server};
                 {Talarian}'s Message-Queueing Product; {SGI}'s Open
                 Source {SAN} Management Software. Software Development:
                 {ParaSoft}'s Automatic Error-Detection Tool; {Aonix}'s
                 {GUI} Management System for {Solaris 7}. Component
                 Technology: {IONA Technologies}' {EJB Toolkit};
                 {ProtoVIew}'s Diagramming Tool",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "107--110",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 3 18:52:18 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co1999/pdf/r6107.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Kroll:1999:CRL,
  author =       "Jason Kroll",
  title =        "{CodeWarrior} for {Red Hat}, {Linux}, {GNU} Edition,
                 Version 4",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "66",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 14:31:45 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue66/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue66/3654.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Kroll:1999:VLW,
  author =       "Jason Kroll",
  title =        "{VA Linux} Workstation {VArStation XMP}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "67",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145.328049",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 14:31:45 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue67/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue67/3653.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
  keywords =     "IA-64",
}

@Book{Kylander:1999:GUM,
  author =       "Olof Kylander and Karin Kylander",
  title =        "The {GIMP} user's manual",
  publisher =    pub-CORIOLIS,
  address =      pub-CORIOLIS:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 895",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-57610-520-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57610-520-7",
  LCCN =         "T385 .K866 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 06 16:18:41 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  price =        "US\$49.99, CAN\$73.99, UK\pounds 34.99",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lazenby:1999:CGT,
  author =       "Daniel Lazenby",
  title =        "{Cygnus GNUPro} Toolkit for {Linux}, v1.0",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "66",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 14:31:45 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue66/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue66/3455.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Misc{Lee:1999:OSS,
  author =       "Steve H. Lee",
  title =        "{Open Source} Software Licensing",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  pages =        "115",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:13:12 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/gpl.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Draft of Harvard Law Review article. Was it ever
                 published?",
}

@Book{Lessig:1999:COL,
  author =       "Lawrence Lessig",
  title =        "Code and other laws of cyberspace",
  publisher =    "Basic Books",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "xii + 297",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-465-03912-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-03912-8",
  LCCN =         "K564.C6 L47 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:39:06 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://code-is-law.org",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Information superhighway; Law and legislation;
                 Computers; Law and legislation; Electronic commerce;
                 Law and legislation; Freedom of information; Privacy,
                 Right of",
}

@Article{Lewis:1999:BCA,
  author =       "Ted Lewis",
  title =        "Binary Critic: Asbestos Pajamas: an Open Source
                 Dialogue",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "112, 108--111",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 1 07:09:15 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Continues the debate about open source software
                 development, notably in GNU\slash Linux
                 \cite{Lewis:1999:BCO}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co1999/pdf/r4112.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Lewis:1999:BCO,
  author =       "Ted Lewis",
  title =        "Binary Critic: The Open Source Acid Test",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "128, 125--127",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 4 07:18:50 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See continuation in \cite{Lewis:1999:BCA}",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co1999/pdf/r2128.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Book{Lewis:1999:GEL,
  author =       "Bil Lewis and Dan LaLiberte and Richard Stallman and
                 {the GNU Manual Group}",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs Lisp} Reference Manual, for {Emacs} Version
                 20.4",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-72-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-72-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Logan:1999:AGG,
  author =       "Syd Logan",
  title =        "The Artists' Guide to the {Gimp}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "64",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:11 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue64/3352.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{Loosemore:1999:GCL,
  author =       "Sandra Loosemore and Richard M. Stallman and Roland
                 McGrath and Andrew Oram and Ulrich Drepper",
  title =        "The {GNU C} Library Reference Manual (for Version 2.1
                 Beta)",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "0.08 Draft",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-53-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-53-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lucas:1999:MPL,
  author =       "Michael Lucas",
  title =        "Maintaining Patch Levels with Open Source {BSDs}",
  journal =      j-SYS-ADMIN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "35--36, 38, 40, 42",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "SYADE7",
  ISSN =         "1061-2688",
  ISSN-L =       "1061-2688",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 31 05:59:23 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.samag.com/",
  abstract =     "Lucas explains how to use tools like sup and CVSup to
                 upgrade FreeBSD systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Sys admin: the journal for UNIX system
                 administrators",
}

@Article{Lucky:1999:FSR,
  author =       "R. W. Lucky",
  title =        "Free software [Reflections]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "24--24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.1999.763199",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 16 07:37:23 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeespectrum1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
}

@Article{MacKinnon:1999:LOS,
  author =       "James G. MacKinnon",
  title =        "The {Linux} operating system: {Debian GNU\slash
                 Linux}",
  journal =      j-J-APPL-ECONOMETRICS,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "443--452",
  month =        jul # "--" # aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "JAECET",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-1255%28199907/08%2914%3A4%3C443%3A%3AAID-JAE535%3E3.0.CO%3B2-L",
  ISSN =         "0883-7252 (print), 1099-1255 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0883-7252",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 30 09:50:34 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jappleconometrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Applied Econometrics",
  journal-URL =  "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991255;
                 https://www.jstor.org/journal/japplecon",
  onlinedate =   "09 August 1999",
}

@Article{Mauro:1999:IML,
  author =       "Pancrazio de Mauro",
  title =        "Internationalizing Messages in {Linux} Programs",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "59",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 3 06:33:57 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue59/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.ssc.com/pub/lj/listings/issue59/3023.tgz",
  abstract =     "An introduction to the GNU gettext system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{McCarty:1999:LDG,
  author =       "Bill McCarty",
  title =        "Learning {Debian GNU\slash Linux}",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 343",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-705-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-705-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 M372 1999",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 21 12:34:48 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/",
  price =        "US\$34.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/debian",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{McCarty:1999:LRL,
  author =       "Bill McCarty",
  title =        "Learning {Red Hat Linux}",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 378",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-627-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-627-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 M379 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 14:57:23 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$34.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9781565926271;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/redhat",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "GNU/Linux; Operating systems (Computers)",
}

@Article{McConnell:1999:EOS,
  author =       "Steve McConnell",
  title =        "From the Editor: Open-Source Methodology: Ready for
                 Prime Time?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6--8",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:06:15 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s4006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Misc{Moglen:1999:ATF,
  author =       "Eben Moglen",
  title =        "Anarchism Triumphant: {Free Software} and the Death of
                 Copyright",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:13:12 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://emoglen.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Neal:1999:LSL,
  author =       "John Neal and Thiadmer Riemersma and Jeff Genender and
                 Torpum Jannak and Richard A. Clarke and William C.
                 Brown and Jeffrey Simmers and Kemal Gencay",
  title =        "Letters: The {Small} Language; {Java 2} Graphics;
                 Cross-Platform Independence; Version Control; Median
                 Filters; {Open Source} in {Turkey}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "10, 12",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 06:25:06 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Neumann:1999:IRRa,
  author =       "Peter G. Neumann",
  title =        "Inside risks: Robust open-source software",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "128--128",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 5 07:01:55 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/cacm/1999-42-2/p128-neumann/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{OReilly:1999:LOS,
  author =       "Tim O'Reilly",
  title =        "Lessons from open-source software development",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32--37",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 8 06:53:09 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/1999-42/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/cacm/1999-42-4/p32-o_reilly/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "design; languages",
  subject =      "{\bf D.2.7} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
                 Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement,
                 Extensibility**. {\bf K.6.3} Computing Milieux,
                 MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
                 Software Management, Software development.",
}

@Article{Ousterhout:1999:FSN,
  author =       "John Ousterhout",
  title =        "Free software needs profit",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "44--45",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 8 06:53:09 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/1999-42/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/cacm/1999-42-4/p44-ousterhout/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Book{Pedersen:1999:STY,
  author =       "Jesper Pedersen and others",
  title =        "{Sams} Teach Yourself {Emacs} in 24 Hours",
  publisher =    pub-SAMS-NET,
  address =      pub-SAMS-NET:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 445",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-672-31594-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-672-31594-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T49 S34 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 29 15:56:44 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$29.99",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "NU Emacs; Text editors (Computer programs)",
}

@Book{Raymond:1999:CBM,
  author =       "Eric S. Raymond",
  title =        "The Cathedral \& the Bazaar: Musings on {Linux} and
                 Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 268",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-724-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-724-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 R396 1999",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 21 12:38:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/",
  price =        "US\$19.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cb",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Raymond:1999:CBP,
  author =       "Eric S. Raymond",
  title =        "The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on {Linux} and
                 {Open Source} by an Accidental Revolutionary",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "208",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-596-00108-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-596-00108-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 R396 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 30 06:50:24 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/",
  price =        "US\$16.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780596001087;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cathbazpaper",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Raymond:1999:ILO,
  author =       "Eric Raymond",
  title =        "Interview: {Linux} and Open-Source Success",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "85--89",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.1999.744574",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 1 16:52:57 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s1085.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Book{Rhodes:1999:PPD,
  author =       "Neil Rhodes and Julie McKeehan",
  title =        "{Palm} Programming: The Developer's Guide",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 457",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-525-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-525-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .R56 1999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 07 12:21:04 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  price =        "US\$32.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/palmprog",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "gcc; gdb; GNU PalmPilot SDK",
}

@InProceedings{Schulte:1999:IEG,
  author =       "Michael J. Schulte and Vitaly Zelov and Ahmet Akkas
                 and James Craig Burley",
  title =        "The Interval-Enhanced {GNU Fortran} Compiler",
  crossref =     "Csendes:1999:DRC",
  pages =        "311--321",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 08:27:10 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Searls:1999:OSV,
  author =       "Doc Searls",
  title =        "Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "63",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:10 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue63/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/3415.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Segura:1999:EGT,
  author =       "J. Segura and A. Gil",
  title =        "{ELF} and {GNOME}: Two tiny codes to evaluate the real
                 zeros of the {Bessel} functions of the first kind for
                 real orders",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "117",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "250--262",
  day =          "11",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00193-3",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 13 21:30:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465598001933",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Misc{Siepmann:1999:LHF,
  author =       "J{\"u}rgen Siepmann",
  title =        "{Lizenz- und haftungsrechtliche Fragen bei der
                 kommerziellen Nutzung Freier Software}. ({German})
                 [{License} and legal claim questions from commercial
                 use of {Free Software}]",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:13:12 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://www.jurpc.de/aufsatz/19990163.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Stallman:1999:UPG,
  author =       "Richard M. Stallman",
  title =        "Using and Porting the {GNU} Compiler Collection, For
                 {GCC} Version 2.95",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "x + 574",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-37-X, 1-882114-38-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-37-5, 978-1-882114-38-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$50.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stevens:1999:CPO,
  author =       "Al Stevens",
  title =        "{C} Programming: {Open Source}, Open Mike",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "94, 96--98",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 06:25:04 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ddj.com/ftp/1999/1999_09/storch.zip",
  abstract =     "After reporting on his trip to Amsterdam and examining
                 Open Source with an open mind, Al introduces Storch, a
                 software machine that plays back WAV files and includes
                 an audio record function. Additional resources include
                 storch.zip (source code).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Stoughton:1999:SRO,
  author =       "Nicholas M. Stoughton",
  title =        "Standard Report: Open Source --- a Standards Success
                 Story?",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:47 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/contents/contents.apr99.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/standards/25.opensource.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Tackett:1999:PCE,
  author =       "Buford D. Tackett and Buddy {Van Doren}",
  title =        "Process Control for Error-Free Software: a Software
                 Success Story",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24--29",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/52.765783",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 21 06:10:54 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/software/so1999/s3024abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s3024.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Book{Taylor:1999:BI,
  author =       "Ian Lance Taylor",
  title =        "{BFD} Internals",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 12:03:33 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Correct year yet to be determined.",
}

@Book{Thiem:1999:KAD,
  author =       "Uwe Thiem",
  title =        "{KDE} application development",
  publisher =    pub-NEW-RIDERS,
  address =      pub-NEW-RIDERS:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 189",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-57870-201-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57870-201-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.A65 T4713 1999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 15 06:49:16 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.newriders.com/books/title.cfm?isbn=1578702011",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Application software--Development; Graphical user
                 interfaces (Computer systems)",
}

@Article{Tiemann:1999:BGW,
  author =       "Michael Tiemann and Byron Gillespie",
  title =        "The Brave {GNU} World: Building a fast open-source
                 compiler for {IA-32} meant knowing what to change and
                 how",
  journal =      j-PERFORM-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "25--29",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "UNRED5",
  ISSN =         "0742-3136",
  ISSN-L =       "0742-3136",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 09:38:02 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Discusses compiler optimization issues for the
                 superscalar Intel Pentium II processors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Performance Computing",
}

@Article{Torvalds:1999:LE,
  author =       "Linus Torvalds",
  title =        "The {Linux} edge",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--39",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 8 06:53:09 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/1999-42/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/cacm/1999-42-4/p38-torvalds/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Vrahatis:1999:EBP,
  author =       "M. N. Vrahatis and O. Ragos and T. Skiniotis and F. A.
                 Zafiropoulos and T. N. Grapsa",
  title =        "Erratum to: {{\booktitle{RFSFNS: a portable package
                 for the numerical determination of the number and the
                 calculation of roots of Bessel functions}} [Comput.
                 Phys. Commun. {\bf 92} (1995) 252--266]}",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "117",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "290--290",
  day =          "11",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00109-X",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 13 21:30:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Vrahatis:1995:RPP}.",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001046559800109X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Article{Vrahatis:1999:ESP,
  author =       "M. N. Vrahatis and O. Ragos and T. Skiniotis and F. A.
                 Zafiropoulos and T. N. Grapsa",
  title =        "Erratum to: {{\booktitle{RFSFNS: a portable package
                 for the numerical determination of the number and the
                 calculation of roots of Bessel functions}} [Comput.
                 Phys. Commun. {\bf 92} (1995) 252--266]}",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "117",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "290--290",
  day =          "11",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00109-X",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 13 21:30:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Vrahatis:1995:RPP}.",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001046559800109X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Book{Wallace:1999:PWG,
  author =       "Shawn P. Wallace",
  title =        "Programming {Web} Graphics with {Perl} and {GNU}
                 Software",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 454",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-478-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-478-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.P22 W34 1999",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:34:06 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$29.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/prowg/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilson:1999:SOS,
  author =       "Greg Wilson",
  title =        "Soapbox: Is the Open-Source Community Setting a Bad
                 Example?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--25",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/52.744561",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 1 16:52:57 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1999/pdf/s1023.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Book{Anonymous:19xx:GGA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{GAWK}: The {GNU} Awk User's Guide",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "19xx",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-27-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-27-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Correct author and year yet to be determined.",
}

@Book{Chassell:19xx:PEL,
  author =       "Robert J. Chassell",
  title =        "Programming in {Emacs Lisp}: an Introduction",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "19xx",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-42-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-42-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Correct author and year yet to be determined.",
}

@Misc{Feil:19xx:OSS,
  author =       "Thomas Feil",
  title =        "{Open Source Software: eine rechtliche Risikoanalyse}.
                 ({German}) [{Open Source} Software: a legal risk
                 analysis]",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  year =         "19xx",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 10:09:35 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 http:www.ifross.de/ifross_html/links.html",
  URL =          "http://www.recht-freundlich.de/download/OSS_Rechtliche_Informationen.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  xxnote =       "Document no longer accessible.",
}

@Book{Hagerty:19xx:GSM,
  author =       "Daniel Hagerty and Melissa Weisshaus and Eli
                 Zaretski",
  title =        "{GNU} Software for {MS-Windows} and {MS-DOS}",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "19xx",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-57-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-57-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{IEN013,
  author =       "{UCL}",
  title =        "{GNOME} User's Guide",
  day =          "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "19xx",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 23 16:55:43 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/ien/ien13.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Adler:2000:OSO,
  author =       "Stephen Adler",
  title =        "Open Source\slash Open Science 1999",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "70",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:12 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue70/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:BRL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Reviews: {Linux Red Hat Certified Engineer Exam
                 Cram by Andrew G. Feinberg; JavaScript Application
                 Cookbook by Ralph Krause; Programming Pearls, Second
                 Edition by Harvey Friedman}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "73",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:12 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue73/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue73/3831.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue73/3833.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue73/3846.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:BRLa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Learning Debian GNU\slash
                 Linux}}: By Bill McCarty. O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA.
                 (1999). 343 pages. \$34.95 (CD-ROM included)}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "265--265",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:49:06 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122100900713",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:BRLb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Learning Red Hat Linux}}: By
                 Bill McCarty. O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA. (1999). 378
                 pages. \$34.95 (CD-ROM included)}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "265--265",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:49:06 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122100900695",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:BROa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Reviews: {Oracle Database Administration by
                 Charles Curley; Using Caldera Open Linux: Special
                 Edition by Ben Crowder; Linux System Administration by
                 Paul Almquist; Learning Debian GNU/Linux by Marjorie
                 Richardson}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "71",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:12 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue71/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue71/3561.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue71/3670.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue71/3815.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue71/3821.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:BROb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Reviews: {Open Source Linux: Web Programming by
                 Daniel Lazenby; Building Database Applications on the
                 Web Using PHP3 by Gaelyne R. Gasson}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "76",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue76/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue76/3869.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue76/4060.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:HPS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Hewlett--Packard setzt auf Linux --- HP forciert die
                 Portterung des Open-Source-Systems auf Intels Itanium
                 und PA-Risc-CPUs}. ({German}) [{Hewlett--Packard} sets
                 up {Linux} --- {HP} forces the porting of open-source
                 systems to {Intel}'s {Itanium} and {PA-RISC} {CPUs}]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTERWOCHE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--26",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  ISSN =         "0170-5121",
  ISSN-L =       "0170-5121",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 06 18:44:37 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib; OCLC
                 Article1st database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computerwoche",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:IAO,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{IBM} to adopt open source",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "2000",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2--2",
  day =          "1",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(00)12003-3",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:58:06 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485800120033",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:LBW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Linux} Beats {Windows} --- Open-source {Trillian
                 Linux} will be ready for {Intel}'s 64-bit {Itanium}
                 processors",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER-SHOPPER,
  pages =        "254--255",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  ISSN =         "0886-0556",
  ISSN-L =       "0886-0556",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 06 18:50:42 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib; OCLC
                 Article1st database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Shopper",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:NPAa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {AVP for Linux/FreeBSD UNIX, Kaspersky
                 Lab Ltd.; API PowerRAC Chassis 320, Alpha Processor
                 Inc.; ODBC-ODBC Bridge, Easysoft Ltd.; LinkScan 6.1,
                 Electronic Software Publishing Corporation; Metro-X
                 Enhanced Server CD, Metro Link, Inc.; P-STAT
                 Statistical Software, P-STAT, Inc.; System Manager in a
                 Box v1.0, PegaSoft Canada; PGI Workstation 3.1, PGI;
                 Quick Restore 2.6, Workstation Solutions, Inc.;
                 Threads.h++ and Tools.h++ Professional, Rogue Wave
                 Software; Scriptics Connect 1.0, 1.1, Scriptics
                 Corporation; TapeWare 6.2 Backup Software, Yosemite
                 Technologies, Inc.; DoubleVision for Linux Systems,
                 Tridia Corporation}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "71",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:12 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue71/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:NPF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {FileZerver, Microtest, Inc.; AT75C310,
                 Aplio Inc.; Eyelet GUI, MoJo Designs Inc.; J2SE 1.2.2
                 for Linux, Sun Microsystems, Inc.; GNUPro Tools for
                 IA-64, Red Hat Software; Linux edition of ``A Mother's
                 Shoah'', IL NewMedia Publishing; +One Station, Maxspeed
                 Corporation; Parallel Computing Toolkit, Wolfram
                 Research; Rave Systems RackMount-1UAXe, Rave Computer
                 Association, Inc.; SafeWrite, TurnSafe Technologies,
                 Inc.; Progress SonicMQ Adds Support for Linux, Progress
                 Software Corporation; System Blocks, SM\&A Corp.;
                 T.Rex, Freemont Avenue Software, Inc.; Videomodem, COM
                 One Services; SNA Gateway, Gcom, Inc.; Best Linux 2000,
                 SOT Finnish Software Engineering Ltd.}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:13 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue74/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux-journal.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:NPP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: {PerfectBACKUP+ 6.1, Merlin Software
                 Technologies; Linux Driver for HIPPI 800, Essential
                 Communication Corporation; Linux by Libranet, Libra
                 Computer Systems Ltd.; Programming Development Kit,
                 Macmillan Computer Publishing; Linux Anti-Virus
                 Solution, DOLFIN.COM Inc.; OpenDesk.com version 1.0,
                 HBE Software; UnForm v4.0, Synergetic Data Systems; Max
                 for Linux, PlugSys International LLC; PizzaBox Linux
                 Distribution, KYZO Ltd, Little Streams, The
                 Abbotsbrook, Bourne End, Bucks; Appgen Linux Java
                 Client and PowerWindows Applications, Appgen Business
                 Software, Inc.; IVR Server, Open Source Telecom;
                 Photogenics, Paul Nolan Ltd.}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "70",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 16:40:51 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue70/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:SLT,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Strictly On-Line: {T/TCP: TCP for Transactions by Mark
                 Stacey, Ivan Griffin and John Nelson; POSIX Thread
                 Libraries by Felix Garcia and Javier Fernandez; Linux
                 and Open-Source Applications by Peter Jones and M. B.
                 Jorgenson; Laptops for Linux! by Jason Kroll}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "70",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 16:32:31 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue70/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue70/3075.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue70/3184.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue70/3683.html;
                 http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue70/3766.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Baran:2000:NVf,
  author =       "Nicholas Baran",
  title =        "News and Views: {Freenet}: More Anarchy for the
                 {Internet}?; Magnetic Properties Key to
                 Nanoengineering; Nanoseconds Not Fast Enough? Here Come
                 Femtoseconds; {Caltech} Leads {U.S.} Field in {ACM}
                 Programming Contest; Robotic Surgeons May Make Fewer
                 Mistakes; Free Software for Designing {ICs}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 08:25:15 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Baran:2000:NVM,
  author =       "Nicholas Baran",
  title =        "News and Views: More on Tiny Transistors; {Open
                 Source} Repository Launched; Design Contest Promotes
                 New Software Tools; And Then There's a Decryption
                 Contest; {Fred Brooks} Wins {ACM Turing Award}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 08:25:14 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://sourceforge.net/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Baran:2000:NVR,
  author =       "Nicholas Baran",
  title =        "News and Views: {RSA} Algorithm in the Public Domain;
                 {Woz} Joins the {Inventors Hall of Fame}; Entangled
                 Photons Mean Faster, Smaller {ICs}; {BEHEMOTH}
                 Mothballed; {Advanced Encryption Standard} Selected;
                 {SGI} Releases {SDK} as Open Source; {WSDL} Spec
                 Released",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 8 15:09:25 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES); Big Electronic
                 Human-Energized Machine (BEHEMOTH) [computerized
                 bicycle]; Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA); Steve Wozniak;
                 Web Services Description Language (WSDL)",
}

@Article{Beckman:2000:OSM,
  author =       "Pete Beckman and Gregory V. Wilson",
  title =        "{Open Source} Meets Big Iron",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "30, 32, 34--35",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 08:25:15 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "The aim of the Software Carpentry project is to create
                 a new generation of easy-to-use software engineering
                 tools, and to document those tools and the working
                 practices they are meant to support.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Book{Bellomo:2000:DGL,
  author =       "Michael Bellomo",
  title =        "{Debian GNU\slash Linux} for dummies",
  publisher =    pub-IDG-WORLDWIDE,
  address =      pub-IDG-WORLDWIDE:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 324",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-7645-0713-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7645-0713-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 B44978 2000",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 29 15:54:50 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bendix:2000:SSC,
  author =       "Lars Bendix and Ulf Asklund and Jonas Persson",
  title =        "Summary of the Subworkshop on Change Management for
                 Open Source Software",
  journal =      j-NORDIC-J-COMPUT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "143--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "NJCOFR",
  ISSN =         "1236-6064",
  ISSN-L =       "1236-6064",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 14 11:08:02 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/njc/njc7.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nordic Journal of Computing",
}

@InProceedings{Borchers:2000:POS,
  author =       "Robert Borchers and Susan Graham and Richard Gabriel
                 and Todd Needham and Jos{\'e} Mu{\~n}oz",
  title =        "Panel: Open Source: {IP} in the {Internet} Era",
  crossref =     "ACM:2000:SHP",
  pages =        "79--80",
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 10 14:28:55 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Boyd:2000:PTH,
  author =       "Donald B. Boyd",
  title =        "Preface: a Tribute to the Halcyon Days of {QCPE}",
  crossref =     "Lipkowitz:2000:RCC",
  pages =        "v--xvi",
  year =         "2000",
  DOI =          "",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 30 06:25:31 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange (QCPE)",
}

@Book{Bunks:2000:GG,
  author =       "Carey Bunks",
  title =        "Grokking the {GIMP}",
  publisher =    pub-NEW-RIDERS,
  address =      pub-NEW-RIDERS:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 342",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-7357-0924-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7357-0924-9",
  LCCN =         "T385 .B852 2000",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 15 06:47:10 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  price =        "US\$45.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer graphics; GIMP (Computer file)",
}

@Book{Cameron:2000:GEK,
  author =       "Debra Cameron",
  title =        "{GNU Emacs} --- kurz \& gut",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "60",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "3-89721-211-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-89721-211-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 10:30:26 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "German translation of \cite{Cameron:1999:GEP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Collins:2000:LMW,
  author =       "Terry Collins and Geoff Davis and Tarjei Tjxstheim
                 [sic] Jensen and Raj Dash and DDJ and Rick Box and
                 Dimitrios Souflis and James K. Yun and Guy Hammond and
                 DDJ",
  title =        "Letters: More Worker Shortage; Music City; Sorting
                 Through Sorts; Buy the Book; {E}-Address Change; {Open
                 Source} Debate",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "10, 12",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 08:25:15 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@MastersThesis{Coris:2000:CTP,
  author =       "Marie Coris",
  title =        "Comp{\'e}tition technologique et propri{\'e}t{\'e}
                 intellectuelle: quels enjeux pour les logiciels
                 libres~? Le cas du syst{\`e}me d'exploitation
                 {GNU\slash Linux}",
  school =       "M{\'e}m. D.E.A.: {\'e}con. de l'environnement
                 innovation et am{\'e}nagement",
  address =      "Bordeaux 4, France",
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 10:23:37 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Crowder:2000:BRG,
  author =       "Ben Crowder",
  title =        "Book Review: {GNOME\slash GTK+} Programming",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "79",
  pages =        "54--54",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 21 16:25:36 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue79/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue79/4098.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Diaz:2000:GPB,
  author =       "Daniel Diaz and Philippe Codognet",
  title =        "{GNU Prolog}: Beyond Compiling {Prolog} to {C}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1753",
  pages =        "81--??",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 1 09:16:07 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t1753.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/1753/17530081.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/1753/17530081.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/bookseries/558",
}

@Book{Donnelly:2000:BMU,
  author =       "Charles Donnelly and Richard Stallman",
  title =        "{Bison} Manual: Using the {YACC}-compatible Parser
                 Generator, for Version 1.29",
  publisher =    pub-FSF,
  address =      pub-FSF:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "1-882114-44-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-882114-44-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 20 10:36:28 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Correct author and year yet to be determined.",
}

@Book{Dutt:2000:GBG,
  author =       "Christoph Dutt and Joachim Freiburg",
  title =        "{GiMP: Bilder gestalten, Fotos retuschieren;
                 [Grundlagen der professionellen Bildbearbeitung, der
                 Umgang mit Fotos, Grafiken und Text, Bilder f{\"u}r das
                 Internet richtig vorbereiten; auf der CD: GIMP f{\"u}r
                 Windows, SCO Unix, Debian GNU Linux, Solaris, OS/2 und
                 BSD, Quelltext aller GIMP- und GTK-Versionen, {\"u}ber
                 300 Plug-ins in C, Perl, tcl, Python und Scheme,
                 XFree86/23.3.6, GIMP User Manual als PDF-Dateien]}",
  publisher =    "C und L",
  address =      "B{\"o}blingen, Germany",
  pages =        "522 + 98",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "3-932311-64-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-932311-64-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 17 07:02:55 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Eaton:2000:GOH,
  author =       "John W. (John Wesley) Eaton",
  title =        "{GNU Octave}: a high-level interactive language for
                 numerical computations: edition 3 for Octave version
                 2.0.13",
  publisher =    pub-NETWORK-THEORY,
  address =      pub-NETWORK-THEORY:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 311",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-9541617-2-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-9541617-2-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 13 11:12:34 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 library.tcd.ie:210/advance",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Spine title: GNU Octave manual.",
  subject =      "GNU Octave; Operating systems (Computers); Handbooks,
                 manuals, etc",
}

@Article{Eddelbuttel:2000:EO,
  author =       "Dirk Eddelb{\"u}ttel",
  title =        "Econometrics with {Octave}",
  journal =      j-J-APPL-ECONOMETRICS,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "531--542",
  month =        sep # "--" # oct,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "JAECET",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1255%28200009/10%2915%3A5%3C531%3A%3AAID-JAE573%3E3.0.CO%3B2-8",
  ISSN =         "0883-7252 (print), 1099-1255 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0883-7252",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 9 10:20:00 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jappleconometrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/matlab.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Applied Econometrics",
  journal-URL =  "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991255;
                 https://www.jstor.org/journal/japplecon",
  onlinedate =   "29 December 2000",
}

@Article{Epplin:2000:IDH,
  author =       "Jerry Epplin",
  title =        "Inside {Debian Hurd}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "21--22, 24, 26",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 8 15:09:25 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  abstract =     "Debian is a freely available operating system,
                 currently built around on the Linux kernel, that
                 achieves flexibility by adhering to standard POSIX
                 interfaces. And because Debian is kernel independent,
                 the Hurd -- a collection of servers that run on top of
                 the microkernel -- can also be used with the Debian
                 distribution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Erickson:2000:EOS,
  author =       "Jonathan Erickson",
  title =        "Editorial: {Open Source}, Open Projects",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--10",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 08:25:14 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@InProceedings{Fowler:2000:QOS,
  author =       "J. E. Fowler",
  title =        "{QccPack}: an open-source software library for
                 quantization, compression, and coding",
  crossref =     "Storer:2000:DPD",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2000",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838201",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 14:06:51 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/datacompression.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=838201;
                 http://www.ece.msstate.edu/~fowler/QccPack",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "GNU Public License",
  remark =       "The msstate URL is no longer accessible on 06 February
                 2013.",
}

@Book{Ganten:2000:DGL,
  author =       "Peter H. Ganten and others",
  title =        "{Debian GNU, Linux: Grundlagen, Installation,
                 Administration und Anwendung}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 792",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "3-540-65841-6, 3-540-66384-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-65841-2, 978-3-540-66384-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 10:09:45 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  xxnote =       "Check year: some catalogs have 2000, others have
                 2001.",
  xxtitle =      "{Debian GNU Linux} powerpack",
}

@Book{Garzik:2000:GCR,
  author =       "Jeff Garzik",
  title =        &q