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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.08",
%%%     date            = "21 April 2018",
%%%     time            = "18:10:34 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "sigcse1990.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "14421 48809 227535 2236941",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
%%%                        Science Education; bibliography; BibTeX;
%%%                        SIGCSE Bulletin",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for
%%%                        ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (CODEN SIGSD3, ISSN
%%%                        0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)),
%%%                        for the decade 1990--1999.  The journal began
%%%                        publishing with volume 1, number 1, in
%%%                        February 1969.  The journal usually appears
%%%                        four times a year.
%%%
%%%                        The journal has World-Wide Web sites at
%%%
%%%                            http://www.acm.org/sigcse/
%%%                            http://www.sigcse.org/
%%%
%%%                        with tables of contents at
%%%
%%%                            http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688
%%%                            http://portal.acm.org/sigcse/newsletter
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.08, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1990 ( 109)    1994 ( 158)    1998 ( 256)
%%%                             1991 ( 101)    1995 ( 134)    1999 ( 239)
%%%                             1992 (  96)    1996 ( 196)
%%%                             1993 ( 117)    1997 ( 175)
%%%
%%%                             Article:       1565
%%%                             Proceedings:     16
%%%
%%%                             Total entries: 1581
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography was constructed primarily
%%%                        from data in the ACM Portal database, and
%%%                        from the many bibliographies in the TeX User
%%%                        Group and BibNet Project archives, and the
%%%                        Karlsruhe Computer Science bibliography
%%%                        archive.
%%%
%%%                        Numerous errors in the sources noted above
%%%                        have been corrected.  Spelling has been
%%%                        verified with the UNIX spell and GNU ispell
%%%                        programs using the exception dictionary
%%%                        stored in the companion file with extension
%%%                        .sok.
%%%
%%%                        BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen as
%%%                        name:year:abbrev, where name is the family
%%%                        name of the first author or editor, year is a
%%%                        4-digit number, and abbrev is a 3-letter
%%%                        condensation of important title words.
%%%                        Citation labels were automatically generated
%%%                        by software developed for the BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order, with the help of
%%%                        ``bibsort -byvolume''.  The bibsort utility
%%%                        is available from
%%%
%%%                            http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibsort
%%%                            ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibsort
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
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%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:
@String{j-SIGCSE                = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Computer Science Education)"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Publishers and their addresses:
@String{pub-ACM                 = "ACM Press"}
@String{pub-ACM:adr             = "New York, NY 10036, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries, in publication order (with
%%% `bibsort -byvolume'):
@Article{Rucinski:1990:PDR,
  author =       "Andrzej Rucinski and Frank Hludik and John L.
                 Pokoski",
  title =        "A partnership in domestication of rapid prototyping
                 technologies",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319062",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kurtz:1990:ISC,
  author =       "Barry L. Kurtz and Thomas H. Puckett",
  title =        "Implementing a single classwide project in software
                 engineering using {Ada} tasking for synchronization and
                 communication",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--11",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319066",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Werth:1990:GIS,
  author =       "Laurie Honour Werth",
  title =        "Graphical interfaces as software engineering
                 projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12--16",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319068",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Henderson:1990:DMP,
  author =       "Peter B. Henderson",
  title =        "Discrete mathematics as a precursor to programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--21",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319070",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Myers:1990:CRM,
  author =       "J. Paul {Myers, Jr.}",
  title =        "The central role of mathematical logic in computer
                 science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--26",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319071",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Johnsonbaugh:1990:CPL,
  author =       "Richard Johnsonbaugh and David P. Miller",
  title =        "Converses of pumping lemmas",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--30",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319073",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Baxter:1990:ICS,
  author =       "Nancy Baxter and David Hastings and Jane Hill and
                 Peter Martin and Robert Paul",
  title =        "Introduction to computer science: an interactive
                 approach using {ISETL}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--33",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319075",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pattis:1990:PEC,
  author =       "Richard E. Pattis",
  title =        "A philosophy and example of {CS}-1 programming
                 projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--39",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319076",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Joyce:1990:VLA,
  author =       "Daniel T. Joyce",
  title =        "A virtual lab to accompany {CS1} and {CS2}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--43",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319077",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pournaghshband:1990:SPC,
  author =       "Hassan Pournaghshband",
  title =        "The students' problems in courses with team projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--47",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319079",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mynatt:1990:ECB,
  author =       "Barbee T. Mynatt and Laura Marie Leventhal",
  title =        "An evaluation of a {CASE}-based approach to teaching
                 undergraduate software engineering",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--52",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319080",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Thurente:1990:SUC,
  author =       "David J. Thurente",
  title =        "Simulation in the undergraduate computer science
                 curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--57",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319082",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Baldwin:1990:TIC,
  author =       "Doug Baldwin",
  title =        "Teaching introductory computer science as the science
                 of algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "58--62",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319084",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Clancy:1990:FF,
  author =       "Michael J. Clancy and Marcia C. Linn",
  title =        "Functional fun",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--67",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319085",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pratt:1990:UCA,
  author =       "Terrence W. Pratt",
  title =        "Upgrading {CS1}: an alternative to the proposed {COCS}
                 survey course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "68--71",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319086",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Etlinger:1990:RES,
  author =       "Henry A. Etlinger",
  title =        "A retrospective on an early software projects course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--77",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319087",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Leeper:1990:PCD,
  author =       "Robert Leeper",
  title =        "A project course in database",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--80",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319088",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Reid:1990:TIC,
  author =       "Richard J. Reid",
  title =        "A toolkit for individualized compiler-writing
                 projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--85",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319090",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sanders:1990:GSP,
  author =       "Dean Sanders and Janet Hartman",
  title =        "Getting started with parallel programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "86--88",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319092",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Elrad:1990:ACS,
  author =       "Tzilla Elrad and Daniel E. Nohl",
  title =        "The analysis and comparison of scheduling controls in
                 concurrent languages through classification",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "89--93",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319093",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jipping:1990:CDP,
  author =       "Michael J. Jipping and Jeffrey R. Toppen and Stephen
                 Weeber",
  title =        "Concurrent distributed {Pascal}: a hands-on
                 introduction to parallelism",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "94--99",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.319095",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Allen:1990:RIC,
  author =       "J. Thomas Allen and Hayden Porter and T. Ray Nanney
                 and Ken Abernethy",
  title =        "Reexamining the introductory computer science course
                 in liberal arts institutions",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "100--104",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323420",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Naps:1990:AVC,
  author =       "Thomas L. Naps",
  title =        "Algorithm visualization in computer science
                 laboratories",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "105--110",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323422",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shub:1990:SUE,
  author =       "Charles M. Shub",
  title =        "Should undergraduates explore internals of workstation
                 operating systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "111--115",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323423",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Detmer:1990:TAL,
  author =       "Richard C. Detmer",
  title =        "Teaching assembly language: a comparison of {IBM
                 S\slash 360} and {Intel 80x86} courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "116--120",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323427",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Donaldson:1990:OSA,
  author =       "John L. Donaldson",
  title =        "Operating systems from assembler to {C}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "121--124",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323428",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hays:1990:SPR,
  author =       "James H. Hays and Leland Miller and Bobbie Othmer and
                 Mohammad Saeed",
  title =        "Simulation of process and resource management in a
                 multiprogramming operating system",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "125--128",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323429",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Murthy:1990:MPA,
  author =       "Narayan Murthy and Allen Stix",
  title =        "Multiple precision arithmetic: a programming
                 assignment in {CS2} applying linked lists",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "129--133",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323431",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McMillan:1990:IAD,
  author =       "Thomas McMillan and William Collins",
  title =        "Implementing abstract data types in {Turbo Pascal}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "134--138",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323432",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dale:1990:IYW,
  author =       "Nell Dale",
  title =        "If you were lost on a desert island, what one {ADT}
                 would you like to have with you?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "139--142",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323433",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Davies:1990:CSH,
  author =       "Gordon Davies and Jenny Preece",
  title =        "Computer science, home computing and distance learning
                 --- the largest computer science course in the world?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "143--146",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323435",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Aman:1990:CSC,
  author =       "James R. Aman",
  title =        "Computer science in correctional education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "147--151",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323436",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Varden:1990:FIC,
  author =       "Stuart A. Varden and Frank J. LoSacco",
  title =        "Facilitating intracorporate cooperation: a university
                 creates the environment",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "152--156",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323437",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Schwietzer:1990:RTM,
  author =       "Dino Schwietzer",
  title =        "Ray tracing: a means to motivate students in an
                 introductory graphics course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "157--161",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323439",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Owen:1990:ETA,
  author =       "G. Scott Owen",
  title =        "Experiences in teaching an advanced computer graphics
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "162--166",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323440",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kula:1990:IPE,
  author =       "Timothy S. Kula and Raymond {Konopka, Jr.} and John A.
                 Cicero",
  title =        "Image Processing experiments",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "167--170",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323441",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Reek:1990:UOS,
  author =       "Margaret M. Reek",
  title =        "An undergraduate operating systems lab course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "171--175",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323442",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Andrianoff:1990:MDS,
  author =       "Steven K. Andrianoff",
  title =        "A module on distributed systems for the operating
                 systems course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "176--180",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323443",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Merritt:1990:INS,
  author =       "Susan M. Merritt and Cecilia Y. Nauck",
  title =        "Inventing a new sorting algorithm: a case study",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "181--185",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323447",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{DePano:1990:APE,
  author =       "N. Adlai A. DePano and Farinaz D. Boudreaux and Philip
                 Katner and Brian Li",
  title =        "Algorthmic paradigms: examples in computational
                 geometry {II}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "186--191",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323448",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Penny:1990:LST,
  author =       "J. P. Penny and P. J. Ashton",
  title =        "Laboratory-style teaching of computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "192--196",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323449",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wenner:1990:LCC,
  author =       "Patricia Wenner",
  title =        "The laboratory component of a computer organization
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "197--200",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323451",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Radensky:1990:CAU,
  author =       "Atanas Radensky",
  title =        "Can {Ada} be used as a primary programming language?:
                 major problems and their solutions by means of
                 subsets",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "201--205",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323452",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Feldman:1990:SAP,
  author =       "Michael B. Feldman and Arthur Vargas Lopes and Manuel
                 Perez",
  title =        "{SMALL-Ada}: personal computer courseware for studying
                 concurrent programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "206--211",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323453",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jackowitz:1990:TWR,
  author =       "Paul M. Jackowitz and Richard M. Plishka and James R.
                 Sidbury",
  title =        "Teaching writing and research skills in the computer
                 science curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "212--215",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323454",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartman:1990:RWS,
  author =       "Janet Hartman and Curt M. White",
  title =        "``Real world'' skills vs. ``school taught'' skills for
                 the undergraduate computer major",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "216--218",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323455",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Greenleaf:1990:CDT,
  author =       "Newcomb Greenleaf",
  title =        "Computability and data types",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "219--223",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323457",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dunning:1990:MCP,
  author =       "Larry A. Dunning and Ronald L. Lancaster",
  title =        "The millionth computer program",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "224--228",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323458",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Decker:1990:SCC,
  author =       "Richard W. Decker and Stuart H. Hirshfield",
  title =        "A survey course in computer science using
                 {HyperCard}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "229--235",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323461",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Biermann:1990:OCA,
  author =       "Alan W. Biermann",
  title =        "An overview course in academic computer science: a new
                 approach for teaching nonmajors",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "236--239",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323462",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Abunawass:1990:FUC,
  author =       "Adel M. Abunawass and Omar Bukhres and Theresia G.
                 Fisher and Kenneth Magel",
  title =        "A first undergraduate course in neural networks",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "240--244",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323464",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Micco:1990:LPD,
  author =       "Mary Micco and Phillip Cumpston",
  title =        "A large project for demonstrating knowledge
                 engineering techniques including applications of neural
                 networks",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "245--250",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323466",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Eaton:1990:WAW,
  author =       "Virginia Eaton and Sharon Bell and Nell Dale and Susie
                 Gallagher and Helen Gigley and Cindy Hanchey",
  title =        "Where have all the women gone? (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "251--251",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323411",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Auernheimer:1990:NNP,
  author =       "Brent Auernheimer and Vint Cerf and Susan Estrada and
                 Russ Hobby and Craig Partridge and Eugene Spafford and
                 Steven S. Wolff",
  title =        "Networking in the nineties (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "252",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323412",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Aiken:1990:SNB,
  author =       "Robert M. Aiken and Della T. Bonnette and Lionel E.
                 Deimel and James E. Miller",
  title =        "{SIGCSE}'s newsletter --- the {Bulletin} from 1969 to
                 1990 (special panel session): the {Bulletin} from 1969
                 to 1990 (panel)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "253",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323413",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Walker:1990:PVT,
  author =       "Henry M. Walker",
  title =        "Program verification (tutorial session): techniques
                 and uses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "254",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323414",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Maxim:1990:IPA,
  author =       "Bruce R. Maxim and Gregory Bachelis and David James
                 and Quentin Stout",
  title =        "Introducing parallel algorithms in undergraduate
                 computer science courses (tutorial session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "255",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323415",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Poucher:1990:ASP,
  author =       "William B. Poucher and James Comer and Richard
                 Rinewalt and Patrick Ryan",
  title =        "The {ACM} Scholastic Programming Contest-1977 to 1990
                 (special panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "256",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323416",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McConnell:1990:CGD,
  author =       "Jeffrey J. McConnell and Steve Cunningham and Barbara
                 Mones-Hattal and Deborah Sokolove",
  title =        "Computer graphics as a discipline (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "257",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323418",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Impagliazzo:1990:ICS,
  author =       "John Impagliazzo and Helene Chlopan and Ronald M.
                 Davis and David M. Hata and Karl Klee",
  title =        "Issues in the computing sciences at two-year colleges
                 (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "258",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323419",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hughes:1990:ULC,
  author =       "Larry Hughes",
  title =        "Using a low-cost communications tool in data
                 communications courses (tutorial session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "259",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323424",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Zweigoron:1990:OOP,
  author =       "Julie Zweigoron and John Bierbauer and Scott Knaster
                 and Tomasz Pietrzykowski and John Pugh",
  title =        "Object oriented programming in the computer science
                 curriculum (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "260",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323425",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mader:1990:ASP,
  author =       "David Mader and E. Robert Anderson and Robert Cupper
                 and James Leone and Ralph Meeker",
  title =        "Accreditation and the small, private college (panel
                 session): problems and opportunities",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "261",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323426",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lupton:1990:CSR,
  author =       "William L. Lupton and Mary Ellis and Andrew Bernat and
                 Benjamin Martin and Surrendar Pulusani and Leroy
                 Roquemore",
  title =        "Computer science research and instuction at
                 institutions with large minority enrollments (panel
                 session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "262",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323430",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Feldman:1990:ASC,
  author =       "Michael B. Feldman and Mary Armstrong and Richard Conn
                 and Philip Wilsey",
  title =        "{Ada} sources for computer science educators (panel
                 session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "263",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323434",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Little:1990:CRH,
  author =       "Joyce Currie Little",
  title =        "{Curriculum '68} revisited --- an historical
                 perspective (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "264",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323438",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hanchey:1990:MST,
  author =       "Cindy Hanchey and Marguerite K. Summers and Carol
                 Chrisman and Joyce Currie Little and Richard A. Lejk",
  title =        "Managing student teams in information systems courses
                 (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "265",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323444",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shub:1990:FFM,
  author =       "Charles M. Shub and Owen Astrachan and David Levine
                 and Stuart Reges and Henry Walker",
  title =        "Faster, fairer, and more consistent grading, using
                 techniques from the Advanced Placement reading (panel
                 session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "266",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323445",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Goldenson:1990:RSE,
  author =       "Dennis R. Goldenson and Michael Brown and Jane
                 Bruemmer and Nathan Hull and Roy Jones and Bruce
                 McClellan and Joseph Kmoch and Phillip Miller and Mark
                 Stehlik and Laurie Werth",
  title =        "Roundtable on structure editing (panel session):
                 teachers' experiences using Carnegie {Mellon}'s {GENIE}
                 programming environments",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "267",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323456",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gotterbarn:1990:MIS,
  author =       "Donald Gotterbarn and Deborah Johnson and Keith Miller
                 and Gene Spafford",
  title =        "Methods of integrating the study of ethics into the
                 computer science curriculum (panel session)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "268",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/319059.323460",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sigle:1990:DDC,
  author =       "John Sigle",
  title =        "Dynamic display of computing processes",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--4",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126446",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic (animated) displays of computing processes
                 such as algorithm execution seem useful in teaching
                 computer science. Not everyone agrees with this view,
                 however, and indeed there are some pedagogical
                 pitfalls. This paper addresses this issue and argues
                 that there is a proper role for such capabilities,
                 provided that sufficient attention is given to careful
                 reasoning about programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tangorra:1990:RCA,
  author =       "Filippo Tangorra",
  title =        "The role of the computer architecture simulator in the
                 laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--10",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126447",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hillam:1990:IAP,
  author =       "Bruce P. Hillam",
  title =        "Integrating an array processor into a ``hands on''
                 computer science curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11--14",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126448",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Problems in acquiring an array processor by a public
                 university are discussed, including lessons learned,
                 present uses, and future plans to develop courses in
                 computational science.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Carlson:1990:EGC,
  author =       "Wayne E. Carlson",
  title =        "An environment of a graduate curriculum in computer
                 graphics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15--20",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126449",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Attention has been focused recently on programs in
                 Computer Graphics within the general Computer Science
                 Curriculum. A successful graduate program in the
                 Department of Computer and Information Science at The
                 Ohio State University is outlined. Facilities and
                 laboratories, courses, and staffing are discussed.
                 Particular attention is given to a software
                 environment, called EDGE (Educational and Development
                 Graphics Environment) which is central to the success
                 of the courses in the curriculum.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Feldman:1990:TDS,
  author =       "Michael B. Feldman",
  title =        "Teaching data structures with Ada: an eight-year
                 perspective",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "21--29",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126450",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tu:1990:CCP,
  author =       "Jho-Ju Tu and John R. Johnson",
  title =        "Can computer programming improve problem-solving
                 ability?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--33",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126451",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper reports the results of a study of the
                 relationship between computer programming skills and
                 problem-solving abilities. Students in two introductory
                 programming courses (FORTRAN and PASCAL) of a large
                 university served as the subjects for this study.
                 Students' problem-solving abilities were assessed
                 during the first month that each computer programming
                 course commenced and again during the final month of
                 the course. Analysis of pretest and posttest results
                 indicated that students who had successfully completed
                 all computer programming course requirements
                 experienced significant improvement in their overall
                 problem skills. Results also suggested that students
                 who had successfully completed computer programming
                 course requirements experienced significant improvement
                 on the logical reasoning section of the problem-solving
                 assessment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cynar:1990:TMS,
  author =       "Sandra J. Cynar",
  title =        "Teaching modeling and simulation to computing science
                 students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34--37",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126452",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This article discusses the contents of a course in
                 modeling and simulation designed for Computer
                 Engineering and Computer Science students. A discussion
                 of the need for such a course precedes a description of
                 the course content and assignments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Davies:1990:TCP,
  author =       "G. L. Davies",
  title =        "Teaching concurrent programming with {Pascal-FC}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--41",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126453",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a dialect of Pascal which has
                 been specially developed to provide students with
                 practical experience in courses on concurrent
                 programming. It describes the facilities of the
                 language, and discusses the importance of the scheduler
                 which is provided in language implementations used for
                 teaching.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ezell:1990:CPP,
  author =       "C. L. Ezell",
  title =        "Creating pedagogical programming environments",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "42--46",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126454",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A popular way to introduce program design concepts to
                 beginning programming students is to discuss the
                 solution of familiar, easily decomposed problems
                 involving ordinary situations, such as washing a car or
                 cleaning a room. Extensible languages, such as
                 Smalltalk, make it easy to create pedagogical
                 programming systems on which the solutions of such
                 problems can be implemented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Frank:1990:ACC,
  author =       "Thomas S. Frank and James F. Smith",
  title =        "{Ada} as a {CS1--CS2} language",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "47--51",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126455",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dadamo:1990:CQA,
  author =       "Diana T. Dadamo",
  title =        "The correlation quiz: an aid in curbing cheating in
                 programming assignments",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "52--54",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126456",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In order to develop programming ability, computer
                 science courses typically include a number of
                 out-of-class assignments. To motivate the students in
                 completing these assignments, these projects are
                 usually graded and the values included in the
                 computation of the final grade for the course. However,
                 the amount of cheating done on the programming
                 assignments makes it unfair to heavily weigh these
                 values. Some systems of grading have been developed
                 that downplay the effect of the programming assignment
                 grades but this negates the effort of the students and
                 the importance of developing the practical aspects of a
                 programming language. Within the constraints of an
                 out-of-class programming assignment, this paper
                 proposes a new system that can potentially reduce the
                 incidence of cheating while requiring honest students
                 to review their program after completion. (The
                 development of the Correlation quiz was done while the
                 author was a Senior Lecturer at Widener University.)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Koneva:1990:EVN,
  author =       "Luisa Koneva and Jordan Denev",
  title =        "{EASY\slash VI} --- a new instructional computer",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--58",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126457",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper it is suggested a simple hypothetical
                 computer which has been designed to assist teaching of
                 the basic concepts in introductory course in computer
                 organization and assembly language programming. The
                 hypothetical computer and the instructional assembly
                 language presented here have some new features which
                 facilitate learning significantly. They have been
                 designed to be a vehicle in almost all the lectures of
                 the course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Roggio:1990:UPE,
  author =       "Robert F. Roggio",
  title =        "{Upsilon Pi Epsilon (UPE)}: the role of the computing
                 science honor society in computer science programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "59--62",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126445.126458",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "It is the role of the university and programs in
                 computer science to provide a quality education in the
                 computing sciences. These activities clearly imply the
                 need to expose the students to the professional
                 societies, such as ACM, IEEE-CS, and DPMA, as
                 appropriate. But in addition, recognition for
                 outstanding scholarship is a must. While other major
                 areas, such as engineering, mathematics, and business
                 have societies through which outstanding students may
                 be recognized for a number of years, the computer
                 science honor society is relatively new. The purpose of
                 this paper is to present not only the general features
                 and organization of the honor society, but, most
                 importantly, to demonstrate the impact of the society
                 on the daily activities of computing science
                 students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lambert:1990:CTC,
  author =       "Kenneth A. Lambert",
  title =        "Compiling {Tinyturing} in a compiler construction
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--6",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101086",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Khosraviyani:1990:UBS,
  author =       "Firooz Khosraviyani",
  title =        "Using binary search on a linked list",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101088",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article a variation of binary search
                 applicable to a linked list structure is examined.
                 There are no additional data structure properties
                 imposed on the list; that is the list may be singly or
                 multiply linked, but it is not required that the list
                 be represented as a binary tree. The process can be
                 used with improved efficiency in place of linear search
                 on a linked list where introducing additional data
                 structures complexity on the list is not desirable.
                 This procedure seems appropriate for inclusion in data
                 structures courses where searching and sorting are
                 discussed. The texts on data structures cover the
                 binary search on a fixed length sequence, but the
                 general consensus is that there is no advantage in
                 trying to implement the binary search process on linked
                 lists. One possible exception in this regard, where no
                 details are provided, is [2, page 147].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Thomas:1990:MMC,
  author =       "Paul A. V. Thomas",
  title =        "{Micron}: a microprogrammed computer",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--20",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101089",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gingras:1990:DPR,
  author =       "Armando R. Gingras",
  title =        "Dining philosophers revisited",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21--ff.",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101091",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In 1965 Dijkstra posed and solved the Dining
                 Philosophers problem. Since then the problem has become
                 a classic test case for concurrency mechanisms and an
                 example often discussed in operating systems courses.
                 Two theorems prove the correctness of seatings where
                 all philosophers always prefer to pick up a fork with a
                 particular hand first. This note shows the subtlety
                 required to solve the problem by showing that a
                 recently published solution is incorrect. A correct
                 solution is provided.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Logan:1990:ARA,
  author =       "Paula M. Logan and Clifford W. Hale and John M.
                 Atkins",
  title =        "An academic relational algebra database management
                 system",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25--28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101093",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a relational algebra database
                 management system written by two graduate students at
                 West Virginia University. The system is designed to be
                 used in an undergraduate database class to demonstrate
                 queries posed in the relational algebra and to
                 introduce the notions of integral constraints,
                 referential integrity and functional dependencies. The
                 system runs in either an interactive mode or interfaces
                 with either Pascal or PL/1.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lake:1990:SAP,
  author =       "Al Lake and Curtis Cook",
  title =        "Style: an automated program style analyzer",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29--33",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101095",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartley:1990:EMO,
  author =       "Stephen J. Hartley",
  title =        "Experience with {MINIX} in an operating systems lab",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "34--38",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101096",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Most standard undergraduate operating systems courses
                 teach theory and concepts, without exposing students to
                 the detailed internal operation or source code of an
                 actual operating system. A. S. Tanenbaum's MINIX
                 operating system (1987) is designed to give students
                 `hands-on' experience with the internals of an
                 operating system in order to illustrate the theory and
                 concepts. The use of MINIX in an operating systems
                 laboratory at the University of Vermont is described.
                 The paper gives an overview of the history and
                 structure of MINIX and describes some of the projects,
                 such as file locking, symbolic links, memory
                 compaction, modifying the CPU scheduler, and named
                 pipes, that have been used in an Operating Systems
                 Laboratory course at the University of Vermont.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Trinity Univ., San Antonio, TX,
                 USA",
  classification = "C0220 (Education and training); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  keywords =     "CPU scheduler; File locking; IBM; Memory compaction;
                 MINIX; Operating systems; Symbolic links; Unix",
  thesaurus =    "Computer science education; Operating systems
                 [computers]",
}

@Article{Leach:1990:AOS,
  author =       "Ronald J. Leach",
  title =        "An advanced operating systems project using
                 concurrency",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39--ff.",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101098",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Most courses in operating systems follow one of three
                 patterns: high level discussion with most programming
                 done in a high level language; building operating
                 systems from device driver level up; and courses which
                 use emulator programs which emulate special
                 architectures. In this paper, we describe a course
                 which emphasizes the strong points of these approaches.
                 The course also emphasizes teaching concurrency,
                 introducing networking, and developing a deeper
                 understanding of many of the system calls and system
                 commands of the UNIX operating system. The major course
                 project is described in the paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bergin:1990:CAW,
  author =       "Joseph Bergin",
  title =        "Coatroom: an {ADT} which is useful in implementation
                 of object oriented programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--ff.",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101099",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Nute:1990:AES,
  author =       "T. C. Nute and J. R. Rienwalt and D. J. Rodjak and
                 William H. Golaz and J. R. Comer",
  title =        "Academic experiences in software project management",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47--53",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101101",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper discusses the implementation project
                 undertaken in 1988--1989 as part of Texas Christian
                 University's graduate program in Software Design and
                 Development. The report summarizes the intent,
                 schedule, man-loading, design methodologies, and
                 development tools used during the course of the
                 project. Included is a discussion of the project's
                 failures and successes. The paper concludes with a
                 discussion of the lessons that may be learned from such
                 projects in planning future efforts of this kind.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Eckert:1990:CBC,
  author =       "Richard R. Eckert",
  title =        "Communication between computers and peripheral
                 devices --- an analogy",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "54--62",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101102",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Silver:1990:BQD,
  author =       "Charles L. Silver",
  title =        "A better queue design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "63--64",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/101085.101103",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Toal:1990:SEG,
  author =       "Raymond J. Toal and Philip M. Dorin",
  title =        "Software engineering and the game of {Monopoly}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--4",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122154",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We claim that a good basis for a course in Software
                 Engineering is to have a group of students make a
                 computer program for the game of Monopoly. We discuss
                 our experiences in organizing and running such a
                 course, and on the computer program that resulted from
                 the most recent version of the course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Apenyo:1990:DST,
  author =       "Kofi Apenyo",
  title =        "A database sequence: theory then practice",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122155",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A two-course upper-division undergraduate sequence in
                 database systems offered by the computer science
                 department at the Atlanta University Center is
                 described. It is observed that the course contents of
                 database program prepares students to fill the
                 increasing number of database positions in industry
                 while providing the broad foundation in the subject
                 matter upon which students can build in graduate
                 school. The program of database study consists of a
                 core and an elective. The core covers database
                 concepts, design, implementation, and processing. With
                 the core as a prerequisite, the elective provides
                 practical laboratory work that is dictated by
                 requirements of the database industry. The database
                 program described in this paper has been implemented at
                 the Atlanta University Center in Atlanta, Georgia, by a
                 JPL computer scientist with a NASA grant.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pandey:1990:GLP,
  author =       "Rajeev Pandey",
  title =        "Getting the languages for a programming languages
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11--14",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122156",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wolf:1990:ESA,
  author =       "Walter Wolf and Evelyn Rozanski",
  title =        "Expert systems: an applied course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "23--24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122157",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sabin:1990:UCP,
  author =       "Roberta E. Sabin",
  title =        "Using {CS2} projects to introduce computer science
                 concepts",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25--28",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122158",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Arras:1990:SSC,
  author =       "Richard J. Arras and Lewis Motter",
  title =        "The senior seminar in computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--36",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122159",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper considers the senior seminar course in
                 computer science and discusses its place in preparing
                 students for careers in computer science. It is the
                 authors' contention that the senior seminar should
                 attempt to prepare students for the practice of
                 computer science in the work place. It considers the
                 various aspects of the development and implementation
                 of a significant user-oriented software project that
                 serves as the cornerstone of such a course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cagnat:1990:ALE,
  author =       "J. M. Cagnat and V. Gueraud and J. P. Peyrin",
  title =        "The arcade laboratory: an environment to help teach
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--42",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122160",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose different ways to use the computer to help
                 teach algorithms. Our objective however is not to
                 develop a complete and autonomous computer assisted
                 course, such that the student would be given a set of
                 floppy disks and would come back a few months later
                 only for his exams! We want rather to provide students
                 and teachers with software tools that enhance and
                 complement teaching practices as they exist in a
                 traditional environment: formal lectures; exercises in
                 small groups; individual computer assignments. This
                 paper presents elements that guided us during the
                 elaboration of this laboratory: basic ideas, dreams and
                 pedagogical choices. We describe the laboratory as it
                 is today and we try to analyze its potential for
                 students, teachers and software authors. We conclude on
                 possible further developments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wildenberg:1990:USA,
  author =       "Gerald Wildenberg",
  title =        "Using a stack assembler language in a compiler
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--44",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122161",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Meredith:1990:ELP,
  author =       "Marsha Meredith",
  title =        "An effective {Lisp} project for a programming
                 languages course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45--48",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122162",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Yue:1990:TGE,
  author =       "Kwok-bun Yue",
  title =        "Teaching a graduate expert systems course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--52",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122163",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Because expert systems technology is relatively new,
                 there are only a few papers describing a graduate
                 course on the subject. Most of the described courses
                 were either seminar oriented or centered around a
                 student project, but did not have a complete coverage
                 of the major topics. This paper describes the teaching
                 of a graduate expert system course that has a
                 relatively complete coverage of the subject area. Other
                 additional features of the course include incremental
                 development of the student projects, emphasis on
                 evaluations of tools and projects, as well as using
                 more conventional problems for strengthening expert
                 system shell programming techniques.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hvorecky:1990:CBP,
  author =       "Jozef Hvoreck{\'y}",
  title =        "On a connection between programming and mathematics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "53--54",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122164",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chappelow:1990:DIS,
  author =       "Stephen W. Chappelow and Steven F. Ackerman and
                 Stephen J. Hartley",
  title =        "Design and implementation of a swapper for the {MINIX}
                 operating system",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "55--59",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122165",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The University of Vermont does not offer a course
                 which provides practical experience working with the
                 internals of operating systems. To remedy this, an
                 independent study course was undertaken during the
                 Spring 1989 semester which involved working with the
                 internals of a real operating system. The goal of the
                 project was to design and implement a major component
                 of an operating system known as the swapper. The basis
                 for the project was the MINIX operating system, which
                 is a message-passing operating system that runs on
                 microcomputers and whose user interface mimics Version
                 7 UNIX. The structure, algorithms, and implementation
                 of a swapper are analyzed in detail. Finally, the
                 practical value of the research experience is
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci. and Electr. Eng., Vermont Univ.,
                 Burlington, VT, USA",
  classification = "C0220 (Education and training); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  keywords =     "Independent study course; Message-passing operating
                 system; MINIX operating system; Swapper; User
                 interface; Version 7 UNIX",
  thesaurus =    "Computer science education; Educational courses;
                 Operating systems [computers]",
}

@Article{Anderson:1990:MFF,
  author =       "Oliver D. Anderson",
  title =        "My five favorite first year {Pascal} programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60--64",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122153.122166",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sapega:1991:IUE,
  author =       "August E. Sapega",
  title =        "Introducing undergraduate engineering students to
                 laboratory automation using high-level application
                 programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107006",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Roberge:1991:ELW,
  author =       "James Roberg{\'e} and Candice Suriano",
  title =        "Embedding laboratories within the computer science
                 curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--10",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107007",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Epp:1991:ECS,
  author =       "Ed C. Epp",
  title =        "An experimental computer science laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107008",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shay:1991:SPD,
  author =       "William A. Shay",
  title =        "A software project for a data communication course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--20",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107009",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tymann:1991:VTT,
  author =       "Paul Tymann",
  title =        "{VNET}: a tool for teaching computer networking to
                 undergraduates",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107011",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McDonald:1991:NSL,
  author =       "Chris McDonald",
  title =        "A network specification language and execution
                 environment for undergraduate teaching",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--34",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107012",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ross:1991:EDP,
  author =       "Rockford J. Ross",
  title =        "Experience with the {DYNAMOD} program animator",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--42",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107013",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wallace:1991:TNN,
  author =       "Susan R. Wallace and F. Layne Wallace",
  title =        "Two neural network programming assignments using
                 arrays",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--47",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107014",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Katz:1991:HOC,
  author =       "Elizabeth E. Katz and Hayden S. Porter",
  title =        "{HyperTalk} as an overture to {CS1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--54",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107015",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fritz:1991:HAT,
  author =       "Jane M. Fritz",
  title =        "{HyperCard} applications for teaching information
                 systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--61",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107016",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Granger:1991:ICA,
  author =       "Mary J. Granger and Roger A. Pick",
  title =        "The impact of computer-aided software engineering on
                 student performance",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--72",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107017",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Temte:1991:LBI,
  author =       "Mark C. Temte",
  title =        "{Let}'s begin introducing the object-oriented
                 paradigm",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107018",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Arnow:1991:IWL,
  author =       "David Arnow",
  title =        "The Iliad and the {WHILE} loop: computer literacy in a
                 liberal arts program",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107019",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Geitz:1991:AIC,
  author =       "Robert Geitz",
  title =        "Algorithms and images: computer graphics as an
                 introduction to science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--86",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107020",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Taffe:1991:SMS,
  author =       "William J. Taffe",
  title =        "Simulation and modelling with Stella: a general
                 education course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--91",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107021",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jackson:1991:MCC,
  author =       "David Jackson",
  title =        "A mini-course on concurrency",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--96",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107022",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartman:1991:TCP,
  author =       "Janet Hartman and Dean Sanders",
  title =        "Teaching a course in parallel processing with limited
                 resources",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--101",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107023",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fisher:1991:TPP,
  author =       "Allan L. Fisher and Thomas Gross",
  title =        "Teaching the programming of parallel computers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--107",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107024",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Golub:1991:CNC,
  author =       "Evan B. Golub and Moshe Augenstein",
  title =        "Creation of a new case for {LUPSort}: {ALTERNATING}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "108--111",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107025",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  keywords =     "LUPSort (Longest Upsequence Problem Sort)",
}

@Article{Astrachan:1991:PI,
  author =       "Owen Astrachan",
  title =        "Pictures as invariants",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "112--118",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107026",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Whaley:1991:FPV,
  author =       "Tom Whaley",
  title =        "A framework for program verification in the context of
                 linked structures and pointer variables",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "119--123",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107027",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Almstrum:1991:RBP,
  author =       "Vicki L. Almstrum",
  title =        "The relationship between pre-college mathematics and
                 the undergraduate computer science curricula",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "124--129",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107028",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Scott:1991:MCS,
  author =       "Thomas J. Scott",
  title =        "Mathematics and computer science at odds over real
                 numbers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "130--139",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107004.107029;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107029",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-377-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-377-5",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse1991.html#Scott91;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  note =         "22nd SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science
                 Education.",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/fparith.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/1991.bib",
  abstract =     "Discusses the `real numbers' data type as implemented
                 by `floating point' numbers. Floating point
                 implementations and a theorem that characterizes their
                 truncations are presented. A teachable floating point
                 system is presented, chosen so that most problems can
                 be worked out with paper and pencil. Then major
                 differences between floating point number systems and
                 the continuous real number system are presented.
                 Important floating point formats are next discussed.
                 Two examples derived from actual computing practice on
                 mainframes, minicomputers, and PCs are presented. The
                 paper concludes with a discussion of where floating
                 point arithmetic should be taught in standard courses
                 in the ACM curriculum.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Western Illinois Univ., Macomb,
                 IL, USA",
  classification = "C0220 (Education and training); C5230 (Digital
                 arithmetic methods)",
  confdate =     "7-8 March 1991",
  conflocation = "San Antonio, TX, USA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  keywords =     "ACM curriculum; Computer science; Floating point
                 arithmetic; Floating point formats; Floating point
                 number systems; Real number data types; Standard
                 courses; Teaching; Truncations",
  thesaurus =    "Computer science education; Data structures; Digital
                 arithmetic; Educational courses; Number theory",
}

@Article{Haggard:1991:PDS,
  author =       "Gary Haggard",
  title =        "A project for data structures and algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "140--145",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107030",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lelewer:1991:HCD,
  author =       "Debra A. Lelewer and Cheng Ng",
  title =        "An honors course in data compression",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "146--150",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107031",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Johnsonbaugh:1991:GGS,
  author =       "Richard Johnsonbaugh and Martin Kalin",
  title =        "A graph generation software package",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "151--154",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107032",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Yeager:1991:TCP,
  author =       "Dorian P. Yeager",
  title =        "Teaching concurrency in the programming languages
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "155--161",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107033",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kurtz:1991:LAS,
  author =       "Barry L. Kurtz",
  title =        "Laboratory activities for studying the formal
                 semantics of programming languages",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "162--168",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107034",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kurtz:1991:DIU,
  author =       "Barry L. Kurtz and Richard L. Oliver and Edward M.
                 Collins",
  title =        "The design, implementation, and use of {DSTutor}: a
                 tutoring system for denotational semantics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "169--177",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107035",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Slonneger:1991:EDS,
  author =       "Ken Slonneger",
  title =        "An exercise in denotational semantics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "178--183",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107036",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Uckan:1991:ILP,
  author =       "Yuksel Uckan",
  title =        "Integrating logic programming into a data base course:
                 views as rules in deductive relational data bases",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "184--191",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107037",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Saiedian:1991:TOP,
  author =       "Hossein Saiedian and Hassan Farhat",
  title =        "A team-oriented, project-intensive database course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "192--198",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107038",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Foster:1991:MFR,
  author =       "Louis A. Foster and Norman L. Hughes",
  title =        "Making files real with a virtual disk",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "199--204",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107039",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pesante:1991:IWC,
  author =       "Linda H. Pesante",
  title =        "Integrating writing into computer science courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "205--209",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107040",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McKim:1991:ACE,
  author =       "James C. {McKim, Jr.} and Timothy O. Martyn and Roger
                 H. Brown and Michael M. Danchak and Kathleen L. Farrell
                 and C. William Higginbotham and Irina S. Ilovic and
                 Brian J. McCartin and J. Peter Matelski",
  title =        "An alternative culminating experience for {Master}'s
                 students in computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "210--218",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107041",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Olagunju:1991:PMC,
  author =       "Amos O. Olagunju",
  title =        "The plight of a minority in computer science: an
                 educational manifesto",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "219--225",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107043",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Motil:1991:BBA,
  author =       "John Motil",
  title =        "Begin-{BIG} an approach to the introductory computing
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "226--230",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107044",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Skublics:1991:TSF,
  author =       "Suzanne Skublics and Paul White",
  title =        "Teaching {Smalltalk} as a first programming language",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "231--234",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107046",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Locklair:1991:ICS,
  author =       "Gary H. Locklair",
  title =        "The introductory computer science course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "235--239",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107049",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hill:1991:CAP,
  author =       "Jane C. Hill and Andrew Wayne",
  title =        "A {CYK} approach to parsing in parallel: a case
                 study",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "240--245",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107055",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ghafarian:1991:EAC,
  author =       "Ahmad Ghafarian",
  title =        "An experimental approach to a course on parallel and
                 distributed algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "246--253",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107058",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Harlan:1991:SPC,
  author =       "Robert M. Harlan",
  title =        "Searching in parallel: a case study with the
                 single-source shortest path algorithm",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "254--259",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107059",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McCormick:1991:LTD,
  author =       "John A. McCormick",
  title =        "A laboratory for teaching the development of real-time
                 software systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "260--264",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107052",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Steidley:1991:RCL,
  author =       "Carl W. Steidley",
  title =        "Robotics: a closer look at microprocessor systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "265--272",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107063",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Smith:1991:DIU,
  author =       "Wayne D. Smith",
  title =        "The design of an inexpensive undergraduate data
                 communications laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "273--276",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107064",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bailie:1991:IMA,
  author =       "Frances K. Bailie",
  title =        "Improving the modularization ability of novice
                 programmers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "277--282",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107065",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fleury:1991:PPR,
  author =       "Ann E. Fleury",
  title =        "Parameter passing: the rules the students construct",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "283--286",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107066",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chavey:1991:SLC,
  author =       "Darrah Chavey",
  title =        "A structured laboratory component for the introductory
                 programming course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "287--295",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107067",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Clifton:1991:IAS,
  author =       "Joseph M. Clifton",
  title =        "An industry approach to the software engineering
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "296--299",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107069",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tomayko:1991:TSD,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Teaching software development in a studio
                 environment",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "300--303",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107070",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Higginbotham:1991:STC,
  author =       "C. William Higginbotham and Ralph Morelli",
  title =        "A system for teaching concurrent programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "309--316",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107071",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mims:1991:UTL,
  author =       "Ted Mims and Andrzej Hoppe",
  title =        "Utilizing a transputer laboratory and {Occam2} in an
                 undergraduate operating systems course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "317--323",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107072",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jeffrey:1991:UPN,
  author =       "John M. Jeffrey",
  title =        "Using {Petri} nets to introduce operating system
                 concepts",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "324--329",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107074",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cunningham:1991:UIP,
  author =       "Steve Cunningham",
  title =        "User interface programming: a human-computer
                 communication course for computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "330--336",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107075",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Silver:1991:UAS,
  author =       "James L. Silver",
  title =        "Using {Ada} to specify and evaluate projects in a data
                 structures course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "337--340",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107077",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Scragg:1991:MCO,
  author =       "Greg W. Scragg",
  title =        "Most computer organization courses are built upside
                 down",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "341--346",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107079",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Skrien:1991:MSR,
  author =       "Dale Skrien and John Hosack",
  title =        "A multilevel simulator at the register transfer level
                 for use in an introductory machine organization class",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "347--351",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107081",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Doss:1991:NNN,
  author =       "David Doss and Bill Swafford",
  title =        "Networking non-network applications",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "352--357",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107083",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Collins:1991:EET,
  author =       "William J. Collins",
  title =        "Estimating execution times: a laboratory exercise for
                 {CS2}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "358--363",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107085",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ford:1991:SUC,
  author =       "Gary Ford",
  title =        "The {SEI} undergraduate curriculum in software
                 engineering",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "375--385",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107088",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chitsaz:1991:ABI,
  author =       "Mohsen Chitsaz and Karen Holbrook",
  title =        "The achievement of blacks in introductory computer
                 science at a predominantly white public university",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--8",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122107",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Reid:1991:OOP,
  author =       "Richard J. Reid",
  title =        "Object-oriented programming in {C++}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--14",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122108",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a course that introduces students
                 to object-oriented design, the C++ language and
                 discrete-event simulation with animated displays.
                 Students come to this course with a Pascal, C and
                 Assembler background and progress through the
                 object-oriented features of C++, completing a
                 simulation project as a major course component. A
                 video-tape series is used to provide C++ instruction.
                 For the simulation project, students complete the
                 controller portion of an elevator system involving
                 multiple elevator cars in a multi-story building
                 simulation. Student controllers are coupled with
                 modules they cannot see within, but can communicate
                 with, using the member functions provided at the
                 object-oriented interface. The simulation and animated
                 display give visual feedback of the performance of
                 student control algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Poole:1991:USE,
  author =       "Bernard John Poole",
  title =        "Undergraduate software engineering: the fruits of
                 experience",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15--20",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122109",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dalbey:1991:AZP,
  author =       "John Dalbey",
  title =        "Applying Zen principles in an introductory programming
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "21--23",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122110",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The word ``zen'' often conjures up images of robed and
                 shaven headed monks sitting in lotus position in a
                 meditation hall in a Japanese monastery. For most
                 people it is hard to reconcile this image with that of
                 modern computer technology. But in my experience as a
                 teacher of computer programming I have found that
                 certain zen principles can be very valuable for people
                 learning about computers. Despite its ``philosophical''
                 or ``abstract'' reputation, zen is actually a practice
                 aimed at helping people cope with everyday life. In a
                 sense it is anti-philosophical because it emphasizes
                 actions not words. Historically, zen was practiced in
                 the context of very pragmatic and technical skills such
                 as archery and swordsmanship. The discipline had
                 specific exercises aimed at improving one's technical
                 skills while simultaneously providing opportunity for a
                 kind of spiritual growth. While programming a computer
                 is a cognitive skill instead of a physical skill, zen
                 principles still have important application to the
                 psychology of learning.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hoft:1991:IND,
  author =       "Hartmut H{\"o}ft",
  title =        "Implementation of a non-deterministic loop",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122111",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathematica.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/maple-extract.bib",
  abstract =     "Dijkstra's calculus of guarded commands incorporates
                 nondeterminism into the branch and the loop statements.
                 I argue in this paper that the course CS8, Organization
                 of Programming Languages, is an appropriate place to
                 introduce this semantics for a language control
                 structure into the undergraduate curriculum. In section
                 IV I present a short implementation for the Dijkstra
                 do... od command as a function in Mathematica. The
                 paper concludes with the application of this function
                 to random walks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-ble,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Canning:1991:HDA,
  author =       "James T. Canning",
  title =        "A hands-on dataflow architecture\slash programming
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "29--32",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122112",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The University of Lowell's Department of Computer
                 Science offers a course in data flow programming which
                 provides students with the opportunity to run their
                 programs on an actual, rather inexpensive dataflow
                 machine. Students gain a much deeper understanding of
                 the issues related to line grain parallel processing.
                 The course not only surveys various dataflow
                 architectures and languages, but also involves
                 laboratory assignments where students must design,
                 debug and execule dataflow programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dixon:1991:IOO,
  author =       "Chip Dixon",
  title =        "An introduction to object-oriented programming through
                 {Turbo Pascal}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--35",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122113",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents three introductory concepts of
                 object-oriented programming: encapsulation, inheritance
                 and polymorphism. The specific implementation for these
                 concepts and other terms presented, is the language
                 Turbo Pascal (5.5 or later). The examples illustrated
                 have been successfully used as the first part of an
                 introductory object-oriented programming class.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Struble:1991:EHH,
  author =       "George Struble",
  title =        "Experience hosting a high-school level programming
                 contest",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36--38",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122114",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{LaSalle:1991:NFR,
  author =       "A. J. {La Salle} and L. R. Medsker",
  title =        "An {NSF} funded research experience for
                 undergraduates: intelligent systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "39--44",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122115",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Concerns about the decline in computer science
                 enrollments have appeared not only in computing
                 publications but also in the mass media. Reasons for
                 diminished interest in technology-oriented careers are
                 many and complex. Proposed solutions for expanding the
                 population of scientists and engineers are few and
                 largely untested. One solution, sponsored by the
                 National Science Foundation, is the involvement of
                 undergraduates in a research experience with the hope
                 that the experience will reinforce their career
                 decision and encourage them to go on to graduate study.
                 This paper describes an undergraduate research
                 experience conducted at The American University, the
                 nature of the students' involvement, and he affects of
                 their experiences on their career goals.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wagner:1991:AIT,
  author =       "Christian Wagner and John Vinsonhaler",
  title =        "An Artificial Intelligence theory of computer
                 competency",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122116",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This article reports the development of an Intelligent
                 Tutorial System (ITS) that represents procedural
                 knowledge using a ``mental context'' that permits
                 generalization. The system behaves much like an
                 advisor, competent in the use of personal computers,
                 who is helping another person perform a word processing
                 task. The nature of the system is discussed and
                 illustrated. Implications are drawn for the definition
                 and measurement of what the authors term ``computer
                 competence.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mullins:1991:PIP,
  author =       "Paul M. Mullins",
  title =        "{Pascal} with {Internet} primitives for pedagogy",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--54",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122117",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "An extension to standard Pascal which includes the
                 kind of Internet primitives necessary to support
                 meaningful programming projects for a networks course
                 is described. The new language, Pascal with Internet
                 Primitives (PIP), is a simple modification of the
                 standard Pascal language providing interprocess
                 communication library routines. The PIP use requests
                 and uses networked services which are presented as
                 Pascal-style files. Primitives calls are handled
                 transparently by a compiler preprocessor and an
                 extended run-time environment. This simple file-based
                 extension allows the student to immediately write
                 pedagogically useful programs using pre-planned
                 Internet facilities. More complex assignments, such as
                 the development of network servers, protocols, et
                 cetera, are possible with increased awareness of
                 primitive function calls. Increased awareness can come
                 about gradually as a part of the course and occurs
                 within the syntactically familiar setting of Pascal.
                 This approach allows presentation of programming
                 essentials as meaningful excursions, rather than as a
                 separate topic. Design, implementation, and use of the
                 system are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ford:1991:BBC,
  author =       "Gary Ford",
  title =        "A bibliography of broad-coverage software engineering
                 textbooks",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--59",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122118",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Yue:1991:DPR,
  author =       "Kwok-bun Yue",
  title =        "Dining philosophers revisited, again",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "60--64",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122119",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a problem in the solution of the
                 dining philosophers problem by Gingras [2] that makes
                 it inefficient, instead of the claimed maximal
                 efficiency. A correct implementation is presented. Even
                 then, the solution has other undesirable
                 characteristics and is still not maximally efficiency.
                 Depending on the definition of efficiency, it may not
                 be possible to attain maximal efficiency and be
                 starvation-free at the same time. A better and simpler
                 solution for general mutual exclusion problems, in
                 which the dining philosophers problem is a special
                 case, is presented. This solution can become symmetric
                 if appropriate data structures are used.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chu:1991:FPT,
  author =       "I-Ping Chu and Richard Johnsonbaugh",
  title =        "The four-peg {Tower of Hanoi} puzzle",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--4",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126460",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We discuss a version of the Tower of Hanoi puzzle in
                 which there are four pegs rather than three. The
                 four-peg puzzle provides a rich source of exercises
                 (samples of which are included) for students after the
                 familiar three-peg version has been presented. We give
                 an algorithm that solves the four-peg puzzle in the
                 claimed minimum number of moves (see [2, 4]). Our
                 algorithm solves the four-peg puzzle in $ O(4^{\sqrt
                 {n}}) $ moves whereas the best algorithm for the
                 three-peg puzzle requires $ 2^n - 1 $ moves. As far as
                 we know, the minimum number of moves required to solve
                 the four-peg puzzle is an open question.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Trono:1991:ACA,
  author =       "John A. Trono",
  title =        "Average case analysis when merging two ordered lists
                 of different length",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--6",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126461",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A derivation for the expected number of comparisons
                 when merging two ordered lists is given, where the
                 sizes of the individual lists are unknown but the size
                 of the merged list is known. Other applications where
                 this result can be applied are also mentioned, most
                 notably the LUPSort algorithm of Merritt and
                 Nauck[4].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dunstan:1991:BMU,
  author =       "Neil Dunstan",
  title =        "Building monitors with {UNIX} and {C}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--9",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126462",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "An outline is given for structuring concurrent
                 programs written in C under UNIX System V using the
                 concept of monitors. It is shown how a monitor can be
                 implemented in UNIX System V using the semaphore and
                 shared memory facilities. Monitors are a common topic
                 in the studies of concurrent programming and operating
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chan:1991:CAP,
  author =       "Tat-Hung Chan",
  title =        "Computing average path lengths of binary search
                 trees",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126463",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sanchez-Calle:1991:FRP,
  author =       "Angel S{\'a}nchez-Calle and J. Angel
                 Vel{\'a}zquez-Iturbide",
  title =        "Fun, rigour and pragmatism in functional programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--16",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126464",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A course on functional programming using Hope is
                 presented. It describes the basic principles of
                 functional programming, the syntax and semantics of
                 Hope, and some techniques for the analysis and design
                 of programs. A main feature of the course is the
                 integration in a natural way of formal methods and
                 reusability with programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fuller:1991:PSA,
  author =       "Roy Fuller",
  title =        "{PDP-11} simulator for {Apple Macintosh} is designed
                 for instructional use",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17--19",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126465",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe a interactive PDP-11 simulator that runs
                 on the Apple Macintosh. The simulator has been
                 extremely easy for students at the University of
                 Arkansas to learn and operate after a fraction of one
                 lecture period of explanation. It has been utilized for
                 three years in two undergraduate courses: computer
                 organization and assemblers, translators {\&}amp;
                 compilers. Compared to using an actual PDP-11 or a
                 simulator (not the author's) running on our
                 University's mainframe, we have found that the students
                 using the Macintosh simulator achieve higher
                 productivity, measured not by the number of lines
                 assembled or executed in a second but by the number of
                 human hours spent writing and debugging a program.
                 Students gain a clearer understanding of concepts that
                 are intrinsically dynamic (such as the birth and death
                 of activation records) due to the ease with which
                 (simulated) memory and registers can be monitored
                 during execution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cole:1991:WLA,
  author =       "Jerald D. Cole",
  title =        "{WHILE} loops and the analogy of the single stroke
                 engine",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20--22",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126466",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Researchers have found that loop constructs, such as
                 the WHILE (top tested) and REPEAT-UNTIL (bottom tested)
                 in modern programming languages are problematic for a
                 significant number of novice programming students[5].
                 In theory, any bottom tested loop can be implemented as
                 a top tested loop. Unfortunately, the converse of this
                 is not true, leading to some of the confusions
                 experienced by beginners. To circumvent this and other
                 problems, Taylor[7] advocates postponing the
                 introduction of the REPEAT-UNTIL. Instead, he
                 discriminates between two fundamental types of WHILE
                 loops, designated the SENTINEL WHILE and the COUNTER
                 WHILE, which are sufficient for the implementation of
                 any loop. A key element of Taylor's pedagogical
                 approach is the introduction of these concepts in the
                 context of analogies. This approach is utilized in the
                 exposition that follows.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dinerstein:1991:SND,
  author =       "N. T. Dinerstein",
  title =        "Strategies in network database systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--26",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126467",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Narayanan:1991:PME,
  author =       "V. Narayanan",
  title =        "Pattern matching for everyone",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--30",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126468",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Arab:1991:TMP,
  author =       "Mouloud Arab",
  title =        "Tool for making programs more readable",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--35",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126469",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Until recently, the researchers in the C.R.I.S.S
                 Research Center dealing particularly with teaching
                 beginners the writing of Pascal programs meet some
                 problems concerning the presentation of the programs.
                 The Pascal language is a structured one, the teachers
                 wants to provide a model of the presentation of the
                 Pascal program which facilities the correction and make
                 the program readable by other programmers. We propose
                 an automatic formatting programs for responding to this
                 aim. Results have been positive. The students produce
                 organized programs and the presentation provided helps
                 the students in the detection of bad constructs and the
                 teachers in having a readable programs which are
                 presented in the same way by the students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pyott:1991:AAT,
  author =       "Sean Pyott and Ian Sanders",
  title =        "{ALEX}: an aid to teaching algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126470",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A problem with teaching Computer Science to first-year
                 students in a South African context is that many
                 students come from disadvantaged backgrounds and have
                 not been exposed to computer technology. To address
                 this issue, a new curriculum has been adopted for
                 first-year students, the first topic of which covers
                 the design and specification of algorithms. One of the
                 problems encountered in this course is that if the
                 students cannot execute their algorithms they do not
                 know whether the algorithms are correct. One approach
                 to this problem is to require that students be familiar
                 with a programming language. This paper investigates an
                 alternative way of executing algorithms, the ALEX
                 system, and discusses how the system can be used to
                 assist in the teaching of algorithms. ALEX allows
                 students to specify algorithms in an English-like
                 manner and translates these algorithms into an
                 equivalent executable high-level language code, which
                 is then executed. Based on the evaluation of individual
                 students, the use of ALEX is beneficial. However,
                 further experimentation has to occur before the
                 effectiveness of using ALEX can be properly assessed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mody:1991:CES,
  author =       "R. P. Mody",
  title =        "{C} in Education and Software Engineering",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--56",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126471",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/leavens.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Why C is a bad first language. 27 references.",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bernstein:1991:CEC,
  author =       "Danielle R. Bernstein",
  title =        "Comfort and experience with computing: are they the
                 same for women and men?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57--60",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126472",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "What produces comfort with computers and how is
                 comfort related to computer achievement for men and
                 women? This study looks at the effects of comfort and
                 prior spreadsheet knowledge on the ability to design
                 spreadsheets by management science students. Results
                 showed that comfort with computing is significantly
                 correlated with test performance for women; for men,
                 mathematics ability and relevance to their future
                 career are more important. The study suggests that the
                 quality of women's initial computing instruction is
                 very important in affecting what they will accomplish
                 in the future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Schaller:1991:CGP,
  author =       "Nan C. Schaller",
  title =        "Computer graphics and parallelism, an
                 interdisciplinary fable",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61--64",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/126459.126473",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A tale of collaboration on graphics projects between
                 undergraduate students leads to speculation concerning
                 the ingredients for success in such projects. This
                 article attempts to identify those elements of the
                 academic environment that foster open and collaborative
                 learning.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Khosraviyani:1991:TDA,
  author =       "Firooz Khosraviyani and Mohammad H. Moadab and Douglas
                 F. Hale",
  title =        "Time distribution analysis for binary search of a
                 linked list",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--12",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122698",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The aim of this article is to determine the
                 probability distribution of sorting time for different
                 sized linked lists utilizing binary search method and
                 its comparison with results for sequential and binary
                 tree search methods. In [1] the concept of binary
                 search as applicable to linked lists has been discussed
                 and compared with sequential search and (binary) tree
                 search algorithms. Applying regression analysis,
                 specific equations giving search times as a function of
                 list size are determined. Regression analysis is also
                 used to estimate the average performance of the binary
                 search method in sorting linked lists.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jones:1991:TCS,
  author =       "Warren T. Jones and F. Mike McGuirt",
  title =        "Telecommunications and computer science: two merging
                 paradigms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "13--22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122699",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this paper is to call attention to
                 trends and curricula in the two areas of
                 telecommunications and computer science.
                 Telecommunications is in its infancy as an
                 interdisciplinary academic subject which spans
                 primarily the disciplines of electrical engineering,
                 computer science and management. There are few
                 telecommunications degree programs or identifiable
                 specializations. Networks in the telecommunications
                 industry are rapidly becoming very large distributed
                 computing systems. In the computer industry, as well as
                 the computer science research community, the dominant
                 model for general purpose computing is also becoming
                 distributed computing. However, in contrast to
                 telecommunications, computer science is beginning to
                 mature as an academic discipline also having
                 interdisciplinary roots. Since many of the technologies
                 which are critical to the successful development of the
                 intelligent multimedia network of the future lie within
                 the domain of computer science, there are opportunities
                 for computer science to make a major impact on the
                 emerging telecommunications field.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Leonard:1991:USE,
  author =       "James R. Leonard",
  title =        "Using a software engineering approach to {CS1}: a
                 comparative study of student performance",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "23--26",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122700",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This investigation used two groups of CS1 students.
                 The control group was taught with a more traditional
                 synthesis approach emphasizing language use using
                 bottom-up explanations. The treatment group was taught
                 with a software engineering-oriented analysis approach
                 and emphasized topdown functional decomposition. The
                 results indicate that a software engineering approach
                 can produce significantly better student performance
                 than a more traditional approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Almstrum:1991:SPS,
  author =       "Vicki L. Almstrum and David C. Platt",
  title =        "Summary of post-symposium evaluations from 1991
                 {SIGCSE} technical symposium on computer science
                 education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--30",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122701",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The 1991 SIGCSE Technical Symposium was held March
                 7-8, 1991, in San Antonio, Texas. A post-symposium
                 evaluation form was made available to all attendees,
                 with the request that it be filled out to assist the
                 '91 committee in evaluating the current symposium and
                 to help future committees in planning their symposia.
                 This article highlights the responses to the evaluation
                 forms and includes excerpts from the chair report, the
                 registration report, and the treasurer's report.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Stanchev:1991:TSM,
  author =       "Svetlin Stanchev and Atanas Radensky",
  title =        "Teaching some modern functional programming concepts:
                 an approach based on an extended {FP}-like language",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "31--36",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122702",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper a new approach to teach functional
                 programming, based on a suitable extension of a Backus'
                 FP-like language is presented. Our approach outperforms
                 some others also discussed in ability concise, but not
                 superficially to cover the whole range from very
                 theoretic issues to very pragmatic ones.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Walker:1991:MHD,
  author =       "David K. Walker and David S. Tucker",
  title =        "Managing hard-disk {PCs} in the introductory
                 laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--40",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122703",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A method is described for managing stand-alone
                 hard-disk PCs, in an environment in which students are
                 allowed to explore the hard disk. The system,
                 application, and student-created files are safeguarded
                 by management software which helps eliminate
                 ``accidental'' loss or modification.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sanders:1991:AAA,
  author =       "Ian Sanders and Harshila Gopal",
  title =        "{AAPT}: algorithm animator and programming toolbox",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41--47",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122704",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Learning to program is difficult. The focus of this
                 research was on developing an environment (AAPT) to
                 assist the student in learning programming at an
                 appropriate speed without a tutor having to be
                 available. AAPT is made up of two components, a
                 programming toolbox and an algorithm animator and is
                 intended for use in conjunction with formal lectures,
                 tutorials and laboratory sessions. The approach taken
                 here is different to other work in algorithm animation
                 because AAPT allows the student to develop the program
                 and see how it works in the same environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Briggs:1991:GPS,
  author =       "Jim Briggs",
  title =        "Group projects in software engineering at York",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "48--50",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122705",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the format of the second year
                 group project in software engineering undertaken by all
                 single-subject undergraduate students in Computer
                 Science at the University of York.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Osborne:1991:OSG,
  author =       "Martin Osborne",
  title =        "{OZ}: a syntax generating editor",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "51--52",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122706",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In response to the needs of students taking
                 introductory programming classes, we have a created a
                 syntax generating editor. This simple to use and
                 reasonably powerful editor helps students avoid syntax
                 errors and also greatly eases and speeds the typing of
                 programs. This is especially true in Modula-2 where the
                 frequent need to change between upper and lower case
                 places exhausting demands on even good typists. Changes
                 in a configuration file allow the editor to work with a
                 number of different programming languages. The editor
                 is written in Pascal and runs under VAX/VMS. Source
                 code, executable code, and documentation are available
                 over the Internet.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Messersmith:1991:SCU,
  author =       "Kenneth G. Messersmith",
  title =        "Student created user manuals for a course on
                 programming languages",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "53--54",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122707",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Murphy:1991:EAU,
  author =       "Michael G. Murphy",
  title =        "Evolution of an approach to undergraduate {ADA} and
                 software engineering instruction",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "55--57",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122708",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rossa:1991:MFU,
  author =       "Robert F. Rossa",
  title =        "The master file update problem in {AWK}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "58--60",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122709",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gee:1991:SEC,
  author =       "Richard Gee and Rob McArthur",
  title =        "Some experiences with {CAI} and {NATAL}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61--64",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/122697.122710",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McCracken:1992:PLC,
  author =       "Daniel D. McCracken",
  title =        "Programming languages in the computer science
                 curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--4",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134511",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rubio:1992:FCC,
  author =       "Juan Alvarez Rubio",
  title =        "A first computing course based on curricula 1991",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--8",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134512",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A two semester first year course is proposed that
                 provides an introduction to algorithmic problem solving
                 and programming, human-computer communication, file and
                 database systems, and software engineering. The goals
                 of this course coincide and expand upon the
                 Introduction to Programming and Computer Tools course
                 proposed by the ACM Task Force as a prerequisite for
                 studies in computer science. The methodology integrates
                 the contents of several knowledge units of the
                 Computing Curricula 1991 of the ACM/IEEE-CS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dey:1992:CTC,
  author =       "Sukhen Dey and Lawrence R. Mand",
  title =        "Current trends in computer science curriculum: a
                 survey of four-year programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134513",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kay:1992:BAF,
  author =       "David G. Kay",
  title =        "A balanced approach to first-year computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--18",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134514",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe a first-year course sequence for computer
                 science majors that covers most of the traditional
                 first-year concepts, providing a balance between formal
                 analysis and software synthesis, with examples and
                 assignments in three high-level programming languages:
                 Pascal, Scheme (a lexically scoped dialect of Lisp),
                 and C. We argue that this balanced, tri-lingual
                 approach promotes more effective pedagogy and provides
                 students with a broader foundation than does an
                 all-formal, all-programming, or single-language
                 focus.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wu:1992:PNF,
  author =       "Margaret S. Wu",
  title =        "The practical need for fourth normal form",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--23",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134515",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Many practitioners and academicians believe that data
                 violating fourth normal form is rarely encountered. We
                 report upon a study of forty organizational databases;
                 nine of them contained data violating fourth normal
                 form. Consequently, the need to understand and user
                 fourth normal form is more important than previously
                 believed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lim:1992:DGD,
  author =       "Billy B. L. Lim and Richard Hunter",
  title =        "{DBTool}: a graphical database design tool for an
                 introductory database course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--27",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134516",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pigford:1992:DET,
  author =       "D. V. Pigford",
  title =        "The documentation and evaluation of team-oriented
                 database projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "28--33",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134517",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper focuses on documentation and evaluation
                 techniques for monitoring and assessing team oriented
                 database projects in a senior level database course in
                 computer science. Instead of effecting documentation as
                 the last phase in traditional software development, the
                 documentation procedures are implemented as nine
                 separate staggered deliverables during the project
                 development. These deliverables are revised and
                 organized into a final documentation binder. Evaluation
                 techniques are monitored through four distinct phases:
                 Project Plan, Ongoing Documentation, Progress Report,
                 and Project Presentation (Demonstration).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Falconer:1992:BIS,
  author =       "David R. Falconer and Martin Katz",
  title =        "Building an infrastructure to support writing across
                 the computer science curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--37",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134518",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an infrastructure to support
                 efforts to improve communications skills. This
                 infrastructure is designed to support writing
                 throughout the computer science curriculum and the
                 typical deficiencies and attitudes of computer science
                 faculty and majors in the area of interpersonal
                 communications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cote:1992:IPT,
  author =       "Vianney C{\^o}t{\'e} and Guy Custeau",
  title =        "An integrating pedagogical tool based on writing
                 articles",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--41",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134519",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This article describes a teaching method based on the
                 writing of review or vulgarization articles by the
                 students in their fields of study. The best articles
                 are published in a magazine distributed to data
                 processing managers and practitioners. The advantages
                 of this method and a list of evaluation criteria are
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bickerstaff:1992:ISW,
  author =       "Douglas D. Bickerstaff and Judith D. Kaufman",
  title =        "Improving student writing skills: inter-departmental
                 collaborations",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "42--45",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134520",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McDonald:1992:TCJ,
  author =       "Chris McDonald",
  title =        "Teaching concurrency with {Joyce} and {Linda}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--52",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134521",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "To overcome the difficulty of demonstrating the
                 principles of concurrency with limited parallel
                 computing resources, a concurrent programming language
                 has been designed and implemented which uses the Linda
                 parallel programming paradigm. The language executes
                 under the UNIX operating system and is supported by an
                 X-windows based viewer of programs undergoing
                 concurrent execution. This paper describes the
                 language, its compiler and execution environment and
                 experiences gained in using the language in a third
                 year undergraduate course over the last two years.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mooney:1992:CSP,
  author =       "James D. Mooney",
  title =        "A course in software portability",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--56",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134522",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an experimental course on the
                 topic of software portability, and initial experience
                 in teaching this course. With the continuing
                 proliferation of both applications and computing
                 environments, the need for portability is being
                 increasingly recognized. A large proportion of the
                 software now being developed will eventually need to be
                 ported to new environments. Yet this topic is missing
                 from most computer science and software engineering
                 curricula. The course described here was designed to
                 explore practical issues in the development of portable
                 software. Lectures and discussions on portability
                 topics are combined with the ongoing development of a
                 simple software project designed to expose a variety of
                 portability problems. During the course the project is
                 ported to several environments and redesigned to
                 improve its portability. This course has been taught
                 experimentally with encouraging results. Student
                 assignments have used novel and effective methods to
                 overcome portability barriers. Feedback from student
                 indicates that they have become more aware of
                 portability issues to be considered in software
                 development, and have gained experience with system
                 interface issues in several programming environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kiper:1992:USE,
  author =       "James Kiper and Michael J. Lutz and Henry A.
                 Etlinger",
  title =        "Undergraduate software engineering laboratories: a
                 progress report from two universities",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--62",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134523",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Recently, both Miami University of Ohio and the
                 Rochester Institute of Technology received NSF grants
                 to develop undergraduate software engineering
                 laboratories. While the general goals of the labs are
                 similar, specific hardware and software selections were
                 driven by differing curricular emphases and educational
                 environments at the two institutions. This paper
                 presents the distinctive characteristics of each
                 school's program, discusses the influence of these
                 features on the selection process, and describes our
                 experiences to date with the resulting labs. The goal
                 is to provide useful information guidance to others
                 considering such facilities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Myers:1992:MSW,
  author =       "J. Paul {Myers, Jr.}",
  title =        "Men supporting women computer science students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--66",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134524",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "It has become clear that, for a variety of reasons,
                 women CS enrollments are declining at a
                 disproportionate rate and that the number of women ``in
                 the pipeline'' is insufficient to mentor and otherwise
                 support the development of CS interests among current
                 young women in the field. Recommendations have been
                 made for male assistance in this mentoring effort; and
                 some ideas toward this end are presented here.
                 Regrettably, in this context, it is necessary to head
                 off charges of ``patronizing'' our women students lest
                 the ideas be disregarded or trivialized.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Teague:1992:RSC,
  author =       "Joy Teague",
  title =        "Raising the self confidence and self esteem of final
                 year female students prior to job interviews",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--71",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134525",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Published research and anecdotal evidence suggest that
                 women may be disadvantaged when seeking employment.
                 This paper describes a one day seminar on handling job
                 interviews, conducted for female computer science
                 students at the beginning of the final year of their
                 undergraduate degree. Initial evaluations completed by
                 the participants at the time that they participated in
                 the seminar and a survey some six months later have
                 been extremely positive. It appears that, if women are
                 prepared for the interview process, they approach their
                 first interviews with greater confidence and
                 consequently are better equipped to deal with one of
                 the most vital series of interactions that will occur
                 in their lifetimes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Morris:1992:EIC,
  author =       "J. M. Morris",
  title =        "The effects of an introductory computer course on the
                 attitudes of older adults towards computers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--75",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134526",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "An introductory computer course was offered to adults
                 60 years and older. A computer attitude survey was
                 administered before and after the course in order to
                 uncover preexisting concerns and reveal those attitudes
                 most affected by the course. Attitudes following the
                 course were marked by highly positive changes. Survey
                 results revealed that after the course the participants
                 felt better acquainted with computer terminology, less
                 left out because they are unfamiliar with computers,
                 less apprehensive about using a computer, and more
                 certain of their ability to interpret a computer
                 printout. An interaction diary maintained by each of
                 the participants revealed enthusiastic learners who
                 were eager to take more courses in the future. Contrary
                 to widely held stereotypes, many older adults view
                 computer technology favorably and can benefit from
                 acquisition of basic computer skills.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Aiken:1992:DLM,
  author =       "Robert M. Aiken and Dean Allemang and Thomas Wehrle",
  title =        "Designing laboratory modules for novices in an
                 undergraduate {AI} course track: artificial
                 intelligence",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--80",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134527",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A current joint project between three institutions in
                 Switzerland has as its goal to create Artificial
                 Intelligence (AI) software in teaching principles of AI
                 at the University level. The modules of this project,
                 the Portable AI Lab (PAIL), illustrate basic concepts
                 of Artificial Intelligence in a uniform and
                 self-contained manner. This paper discusses the design
                 considerations that were adopted in order to make the
                 presentation of this material easier for novice
                 students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mazlack:1992:DEE,
  author =       "Lawrence J. Mazlack and Roger A. Pick and Paul Tudor
                 and Wallace R. Wood",
  title =        "Developing expertise in expert system development by
                 developing prototypes for actual commercial
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--86",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134528",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We designed and executed a course to develop expert
                 system expertise in a classroom environment. It taught
                 both the theory and practice of knowledge-based
                 systems. Teams consisted of knowledge domain experts
                 and computer experienced people. The interest was
                 training people in knowledge-base tasks and having them
                 develop commercially significant projects. The focus of
                 this paper is on what was done in the classroom to
                 provide a significant expert system development
                 experience.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Abunawass:1992:BBM,
  author =       "Adel M. Abunawass",
  title =        "Biologically based machine learning paradigms: an
                 introductory course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--91",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134529",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an introductory course on
                 biologically based sub-symbolic machine learning
                 paradigms. Specifically, this paper covers Artificial
                 Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms and Genetics-Based
                 Machine Learning. It provides the structure,
                 motivation, content, texts and tools for the course.
                 This course is suitable for an upper division
                 undergraduate level course or as an introductory
                 graduate course. The paper includes a section on
                 bibliographical references to aid the instructor in
                 preparing for this course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tam:1992:TLI,
  author =       "Wing C. Tam",
  title =        "Teaching loop invariants to beginners by examples",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--96",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134530",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Since the concept of a loop invariant has long been
                 recognized as the correct way to design and analyse
                 loops, it is important that its application to
                 programming be introduced to students and programmers
                 as early as possible. This paper describes how to teach
                 the use of loop invariants to reason about loops and to
                 program them correctly in introductory programming
                 courses by following a systematic set of steps coupled
                 with examples.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Berman:1992:CDC,
  author =       "A. Michael Berman",
  title =        "Class discussion by computer: a case study",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--101",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134531",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Baldwin:1992:USE,
  author =       "Doug Baldwin and Johannes A. G. M. Koomen",
  title =        "Using scientific experiments in early computer science
                 laboratories",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--106",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134532",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Computer science is an experimental science, in the
                 same sense that biology or physics are experimental
                 sciences. Nonetheless, lab exercises for CS1 and CS2
                 courses are almost never formal ``experiments'' as the
                 term would be understood in any other science. This
                 paper describes our experiences using formal
                 experiments in CS1 and 2 laboratories. Such exercises
                 are extremely valuable, in part because they help
                 students relate abstract concepts to concrete programs,
                 but more importantly because they lead students into
                 new areas of computing, and even new forms of
                 learning.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Astrachan:1992:FSR,
  author =       "Owen Astrachan",
  title =        "On finding a stable roommate, job, or spouse: a case
                 study crossing the boundaries of computer science
                 courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "107--112",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134533",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The use of real world problems as the basis for
                 assignments in Computer Science courses is attractive
                 for many reasons. At the same time it is difficult to
                 find such a problem that offers the same richness that
                 is found, for example, in sorting or searching. In this
                 paper a problem is presented that has many real-world
                 instances and which is pedagogically attractive at all
                 levels of Computer Science from the level of a
                 non-major's course to that of an advanced algorithms
                 course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hwang:1992:MIS,
  author =       "Betty W. Hwang and Andrew B. Whinston and Wilhelmina
                 Savenye",
  title =        "Management information systems curricula in the
                 {United States} and the {Republic of China}: a
                 comparative study",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "113--122",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134534",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this study was to investigate and
                 compare the Management Information Systems (MIS)
                 curricula in higher education in the United States
                 (U.S.) and the Republic of China (R.O.C.). Several
                 factors that affect the MIS curricula and its
                 development in these two countries were closely
                 examined. Similarities and differences were identified
                 and compared; strengths and weaknesses were analyzed
                 and described. In particular, this study focused on the
                 undergraduate MIS programs in both countries.
                 Comparisons of the MIS programs were made concerning:
                 MIS program history, MIS program setting, admission
                 requirements and standards, graduation requirements and
                 standards, computer hardware and software facilities,
                 curriculum model adopted, required courses,
                 instructional methods, faculty profiles, student
                 profiles, and relationships with the industry. Based on
                 the findings, some recommendations for improving the
                 Chinese MIS curricula were offered.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Yahya:1992:LCC,
  author =       "Adnan H. Yahya",
  title =        "Local considerations in computer science curricula
                 development",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "123--128",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134535",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tang:1992:CSS,
  author =       "L. S. Tang",
  title =        "A {CPU} scheduling simulation from structured
                 programming to object-oriented design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "129--133",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134536",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Object-oriented programming has become increasingly
                 popular in the past few years. This paper presents a
                 cpu scheduling simulation project that we feel can
                 convince students of the benefits of object-oriented
                 design and spur their interest. We will first describe
                 the project and discuss its solutions in three levels
                 of abstraction: structure programming using Pascal,
                 object-based programming using Ada, and object-oriented
                 programming using C++. We will present our experiences
                 in this assignment and explain why the object-oriented
                 design is the best approach. This paper is intended to
                 serve as a case study in an object-oriented language
                 course or a programming languages course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bellin:1992:SCO,
  author =       "David Bellin",
  title =        "A seminar course in object oriented programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "134--137",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134537",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The emerging technology of object oriented programming
                 is just beginning to be introduced into the computer
                 science curriculum. In most schools, it will be
                 introduced first at the more advanced levels, prior to
                 inclusion in introductory courses, even though the
                 object oriented paradigm may be more suitable for
                 teaching basic computer science concepts. This paper
                 contains the experiences gained teaching a seminar on
                 object oriented programming to a small group of mixed
                 graduate and undergraduate students at a school with no
                 doctoral program. The successes and difficulties faced
                 by both students and instructor are explored.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Temte:1992:CCP,
  author =       "Mark C. Temte",
  title =        "A compiler construction project for an object-oriented
                 language",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "138--141",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134538",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A non-traditional compiler construction project is
                 described for an object-oriented language modeled after
                 Smalltalk. Central issues include implementation of
                 message sending and inheritance and the relationship
                 with the run-time environment. The project offers
                 diversity and challenge and has been successfully
                 completed by small teams.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Warford:1992:GPR,
  author =       "J. S. Warford",
  title =        "Good pedagogical random number generators",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "142--146",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134539",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A CACM by Park and Miller [6] advocated a standard for
                 random number generators based on the Lehmer generator
                 [5] and criticised a number of computer science
                 textbooks for presenting bad random number generators.
                 This paper advocates the proposed standard and presents
                 a set of generators based on theoretically sound
                 principles that are also useful for microcomputer
                 implementation and classroom presentations at the
                 introductory level.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wainwright:1992:IFP,
  author =       "Roger L. Wainwright",
  title =        "Introducing functional programming in discrete
                 mathematics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "147--152",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134540",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Programming assignments in my discrete mathematics
                 course have changed recently due to an influx of
                 non-computer science students with little or no
                 programming experience. Programming problems are now
                 assigned in a simple to learn, easy to write,
                 mathematical-like functional programming language that
                 requires no previous programming experience. In theory,
                 all students begin on the same basis. Exposure to the
                 concepts of functional programming is an essential part
                 of computer science and mathematics curricula. For most
                 students this is the only exposure to functional
                 programming. Functional programming and discrete
                 mathematics are a natural combination. One week of
                 lectures and perhaps a small monetary investment is all
                 that is required. An instructor totally unfamiliar with
                 functional programming can easily learn enough in a
                 week or so to present a simple introduction to the
                 topic. Introducing functional programming concepts in
                 discrete mathematics was very successful. Students
                 found the exposure to functional programming to be an
                 insight they had never experienced before and
                 enthusiastically recommended an introduction to
                 functional programming be a permanent part of the
                 course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cigas:1992:AS,
  author =       "John F. Cigas",
  title =        "The art of the state",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "153--156",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134541",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Newsome:1992:GCS,
  author =       "Mark Newsome and Cherri M. Pancake",
  title =        "A graphical computer simulator for systems programming
                 courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "157--162",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134542",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Nerheim-Wolfe:1992:PLI,
  author =       "Rosalee Nerheim-Wolfe",
  title =        "Providing a laboratory for instruction set design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "163--167",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134543",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Computer architecture classes do not provide students
                 with laboratory experience in the design of instruction
                 set architectures. Projects that compare designs have
                 not been possible due to a lack of support software.
                 The design and evaluation of a new instruction set
                 requires an assembler, a symbolic debugger, and a
                 statistics gatherer. Every new instruction set requires
                 changes to all three programs. It would be unrealistic
                 to expect that either students or instructor would
                 (re)write such software in order to evaluate each new
                 design. A new, flexible software package called the
                 Instruction Set Testbed (IST) provides for the
                 comparison of instruction set architectures without
                 writing any of the support software. IST's table-driven
                 assembler uses a student-supplied architecture
                 definition to assemble programs. IST's interactive
                 debugger and a statistics gatherer also have access to
                 the architecture definition. This allows symbolic
                 debugging of the assembly language programs and
                 automatic histogramming of instruction usage in the
                 student-defined architecture. IST has been used in both
                 undergraduate and graduate architecture classes to
                 investigate such topics as orthogonality, choice and
                 number of operands, addressing modes, and RISC
                 philosophy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Neumann:1992:MDA,
  author =       "William T. Neumann and Marvin C. Woodfill",
  title =        "A multi-disciplinary approach for digital systems
                 design curricula",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "168--172",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134544",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Historically, Digital Systems Design curricula have
                 focused principally on the hardware design aspects of
                 systems development. At Arizona State University, we
                 have expanded our Digital Systems Design program to
                 include aspects of computer architecture, assembly
                 language programming, and operating systems
                 fundamentals, as well. We feel that this larger focus
                 provides the students with a comprehensive
                 understanding of the overall system development
                 process. In this paper, we discuss our philosophy and
                 examine a course sequence that incorporates this
                 multi-disciplinary approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bareiss:1992:ICU,
  author =       "Catherine C. Bareiss",
  title =        "An introductory course on the use of operating
                 systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "173--175",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134545",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "One very frustrating problem that students often have
                 while working on computers is the lack of ability to do
                 productive work. They often find themselves either not
                 being able to do something or doing it in a very
                 complex way when there is a simpler or shorter way to
                 accomplish the task. This is a common experience
                 because most students do not have a structured time of
                 learning the operating system(s) on which they work.
                 This often occurs because the use of an operating
                 system is not considered an academic pursuit so that a
                 course teaching the computer science majors how to use
                 the operating system(s) is not offered. However, the
                 benefits of such a course can be great. The students
                 can find the rest of their work on computers much more
                 productive than if they had to pick up almost
                 everything on their own.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartley:1992:ELS,
  author =       "Stephen J. Hartley",
  title =        "Experience with the language {SR} in an undergraduate
                 operating systems course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "176--180",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134546",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In undergraduate operating systems classes, students
                 learn about concurrent process synchronization,
                 including such things as shared data, race conditions,
                 critical sections, mutual exclusion, semaphores,
                 monitors, and the test-and-set hardware instruction.
                 They also study interprocess communication, message
                 passing, rendezvous, and remote procedure calls.
                 Solutions to classical problems, such as the dining
                 philosophers, producers and consumers, bounded buffers,
                 and readers and writers, are presented using the above
                 concepts. However, students need to write programs in a
                 language that provides facilities for concurrent
                 programming in order to appreciate fully the above
                 concepts. This paper describes the SR language and
                 discusses its successful use as an environment for
                 concurrent programming in an undergraduate operating
                 systems class.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hughes:1992:TOS,
  author =       "Larry Hughes",
  title =        "Teaching operating systems using {Turbo C}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "181--186",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134547",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Operating systems are an example of a subject that,
                 given the right tools, can be taught in a practical
                 manner, allowing students to understand, and hence
                 appreciate, the internal workings of commercial
                 operating systems such as VMS, Unix, or VM. Not
                 surprisingly, the tools needed in an operating systems
                 course are, at a minimum, a hardware testbed and a
                 programming language into which algorithms can be
                 translated. This paper describes how many of the
                 salient points concerning operating systems can be
                 covered in a practical manner using the PC and Turbo
                 C.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Meredith:1992:IPC,
  author =       "Marsha J. Meredith",
  title =        "Introducing parallel computing into the undergraduate
                 computer science curriculum: a progress report",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "187--191",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134548",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Reid:1992:LBC,
  author =       "Richard J. Reid",
  title =        "A laboratory for building computers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "192--196",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134549",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A workstation laboratory allows undergraduate students
                 to build complete, functioning computers--in
                 simulation. The simulation extends down to the gate and
                 signal levels, with effective modeling of delays and
                 transitions, so reasonable assurance of the validity of
                 the designs can be obtained. The computers constructed
                 in this laboratory are complete with peripheral
                 equipment including tapes and disks, and the students
                 furnish a rudimentary operating system. The student
                 operating-systems receive executable binary objects on
                 the tapes, transfer them to the disk, and initiate
                 their execution. The executable objects and the
                 operating system are produced by a standard C compiler.
                 Students must limit their C-language source code and
                 data types used so the compile binaries will be
                 executable on the 16-bit wide, Motorola 680X0-like
                 computer they construct. The computers are constructed
                 in an hierarchical manner from the gates and
                 medium-scale components available in the digital
                 simulator used in this laboratory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Magee:1992:ICD,
  author =       "Michael Magee and Sue Englert",
  title =        "An interdisciplinary course in digital image
                 processing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "197--201",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134550",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper documents the development and first
                 offering of an interdisciplinary undergraduate course
                 in Digital Image Processing at the University of
                 Wyoming. The course itself was designed to serve majors
                 from a wide range of academic disciplines, although in
                 its initial offering, it was attended mainly by
                 students majoring in Computre Science and Electrical
                 Engineering. National Foundation funding for equipment
                 for the course was used to purchase a high speed image
                 processing system and six state-of-the-art graphics
                 workstations with software that supported basic and
                 intermediate level image processing operations.
                 Students in the course were required to perform a
                 standard set of image processing sequences such as
                 histogramming and histogram equalization, edge
                 detection and evaluation, image smoothing, region
                 growing, Fourier filtering, and image warping. Each
                 student, in consultation with the instructor, then
                 pursued a specific topic in image processing which
                 involved either combining several image processing
                 operations to produce a desired result or developing
                 special code to implement image processing algorithms
                 that were discussed in the text but not included in the
                 provided software. The nature of the course and its
                 impact on education at the University of Wyoming is
                 discussed in the paper that follows.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kaminski:1992:IFP,
  author =       "D. M. Kaminski",
  title =        "Introducing the fuzzy paradigm using {Prolog}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "202--206",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134551",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This artificial intelligence project introduces
                 students to an alternative to the traditional ``crisp''
                 paradigm of computer science through the use of fuzzy
                 sets and linguistic variables for modeling natural
                 language expressions. A fuzzy/linguistic meta-language
                 is built on Prolog. This helps them to explore some of
                 the problems encountered in the human/computer
                 interface of bridging the fuzzy, imprecise symbolic
                 world of natural language and the computer's crisp,
                 numeric world.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kurtz:1992:USG,
  author =       "B. L. Kurtz and J. B. Johnston",
  title =        "Using the Synthesizer-Generator to teach principles of
                 programming language semantics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "207--212",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134552",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The Synthesizer-Generator (or simply Syn-Gen) is a
                 software tool for building context sensitive editors.
                 It has been applied to a wide variety of applications,
                 ranging from programming language editors to editors
                 that insure balanced chemical equations. The context
                 sensitivity is provided by using attribute grammars. We
                 provide an introduction to Syn-Gen and illustrate how
                 it can be used to build programming language editors
                 that only allow input of source code that compiles
                 successfully. We then discuss use of Syn-Gen in two
                 classes: --- the study of attribute grammars in a
                 graduate course on the formal specification of
                 programming languages; in this course students
                 completed a lab exercise dealing with the
                 implementation of a context sensitive editor for a mini
                 programming language. --- the study of operational
                 semantics in a junior level course; students used an
                 editor implemented with Syn-Gen to study programming
                 language translation and also completed an assignment
                 to implement a very small piece of this editor dealing
                 with the resolution of label numbers at the assembly
                 language level. We found that assignments involving the
                 details of Syn-Gen implementation were challenging due
                 to the syntactic complexity of the Syn-Gen system. For
                 such assignments to be successful, it was necessary to
                 keep a tight rein on this complexity. Using Syn-Gen as
                 a context sensitive editor without worrying about
                 implementation was quite successful. In the future, we
                 plan to explore the use of Syn-Gen to develop editors
                 for mini-languages to help teach introductory students
                 about the various programming paradigms: imperative,
                 functional and logical.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{King:1992:EPL,
  author =       "K. N. King",
  title =        "The evolution of the programming languages course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "213--219",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134553",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper examines the past, present, and future of
                 the programming languages course as reflected by its
                 textbooks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Clancy:1992:CSC,
  author =       "M. J. Clancy and M. C. Linn",
  title =        "Case studies in the classroom",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "220--224",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134554",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We and others have created case studies to engage
                 students in the process of designing solutions to
                 complex programming problems. Case studies involve
                 learners in activities of expert programmers such as
                 identifying decisions, justifying choices among
                 alternatives, and evaluating the consequences of these
                 choices. Case studies improve computer programming
                 courses by emphasizing the process rather than the
                 product of problem solving. This paper describes
                 specific uses of case studies in freshman and
                 sophomore-level courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Brewer:1992:PA,
  author =       "R. K. Brewer",
  title =        "Down with polynomial addition!",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "225--229",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134555",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Roberge:1992:CPP,
  author =       "James Roberg{\'e}",
  title =        "Creating programming projects with visual impact",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "230--234",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134556",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the challenges facing educators in computer
                 science is to develop programming projects which not
                 only engage students intellectually, but which also
                 excite and motivate them. Given the highly visual
                 orientation of today's students, if is important that
                 we consider not only the conceptual underpinnings of
                 our programming projects, but also their visual impact.
                 This paper focuses upon a set of programming projects
                 which use the traditional elements from a data
                 structures course to produce visually engaging
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Taylor:1992:INA,
  author =       "Harriet G. Taylor and C. Dianne Martin",
  title =        "The impact of new accreditation and certification
                 standards for secondary computer science teachers on
                 university computer science departments",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "235--239",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134557",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The establishment of accreditation and certification
                 standards for secondary computer science teachers has
                 been taking place over the past 5 years. The ACM has
                 taken the lead in developing certification standards
                 for adoption by states and the International Society
                 for Technology in Education (ISTE) has taken the lead
                 in developing national accreditation standards for
                 teacher preparation programs through affiliation with
                 NCATE, the accrediting body for professional education
                 units in the USA. The impact of institutionalizing
                 these new standards is discussed, and the role that
                 university computer science departments should now take
                 in the teacher preparation process is described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cohen:1992:GHS,
  author =       "M. Cohen and M. Foster and D. Kratzer and P. Malone
                 and A. Solem",
  title =        "Get high school students hooked on science with a
                 challenge",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "240--245",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134558",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Skilled scientists and engineers along with a public
                 that understands science and technology are vital in
                 today's technically competitive world. The United
                 States must encourage its students to study and excel
                 in scientific academic subjects and consider science
                 and engineering as a possible career. An academic
                 program that progresses from a statewide to a national
                 competition is a way of developing science and
                 computing knowledge among high school students and
                 teachers, as well as instilling enthusiasm for science.
                 This paper describes the new Mexico High School
                 Supercomputing Challenge, a nonselective academic-year
                 long program that was initiated in 1990. Teams of high
                 school students from throughout New Mexico do a team
                 computational science project using high performance
                 computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartfield:1992:LHD,
  author =       "B. Hartfield and Terry Winograd and John Bennett",
  title =        "Learning {HCI} design: mentoring project groups in a
                 course on human-computer interaction",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "246--251",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134559",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe the role of mentors in an experimental
                 course on human-computer interaction (HCI) taught in
                 the Computer Science Department at Stanford University
                 for the past two years. Students practice design within
                 the course by collaborating in small groups on 12-week
                 projects, in which they analyze a work environment,
                 design and implement a prototype user interface, and
                 evaluate the prototype with project clients. As part of
                 our experiment in providing contact with the world of
                 practical design, we invited people from local industry
                 to serve as mentors for the student groups. These
                 unpaid volunteers have been important adjuncts in
                 guiding students as they developed their HCI projects.
                 We discuss: the background for the projects; the role
                 of mentors in the learning process; what is required of
                 mentors and what benefits they get; how to support the
                 mentoring process; and what we have learned from the
                 experience so far. We consider mentors to be a critical
                 part of the design project within the course, and we
                 welcome a sharing of experience with other people who
                 may have developed similar courses where mentors played
                 an important role.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kay:1992:CCL,
  author =       "D. G. Kay",
  title =        "A course in computer law",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "252--254",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134560",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe a course for computer science students
                 that covers the legal issues that apply to computing,
                 from intellectual property protection to liability for
                 system failures to computer crime.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wolfe:1992:RSP,
  author =       "J. L. Wolfe",
  title =        "Reviving systems programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "255--258",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134561",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes how a systems programming course,
                 which was losing popularity with students and which no
                 longer fit into the curriculum, was revised so that it
                 made a contribution to the overall program. The
                 principal changes were to replace a large, well-worn
                 project with a collection of small challenges and to
                 alter radically the content, presentation, support, and
                 grading of these challenges (in comparison to typical
                 assignments). The resulting course amalgamates
                 traditional systems programming and systems programming
                 as it is done on the job.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Osborne:1992:ATT,
  author =       "M. Osborne",
  title =        "{APPGEN}: a tool for teaching systems analysis and
                 design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "259--263",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134562",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "APPGEN is a program which generates information
                 systems. It is easy to use and powerful and runs on a
                 VAX under VMS. It has been used with success in senior
                 level courses on systems analysis and design. Using
                 APPGEN, students are able to analyze and design systems
                 of realistic size and still have time to implement
                 them. Implementations give students important feedback
                 about their designs and give additional focus to a
                 class on systems analysis and design. Students get
                 satisfaction from actually creating a working system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Walker:1992:LDS,
  author =       "D. K. Walker and H. Chahryar and J. Chaudri and A.
                 Lodgher and E. Majdalani and David S. Tucker",
  title =        "Lectureroom demonstration of serial data
                 communications",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "264--267",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134563",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Some important concepts in serial data communications
                 may be demonstrated ``live'' in the lectureroom using a
                 PC equipped with video projector, analog input board,
                 and pickup circuitry. The apparatus displays the
                 wave-shape of the serial signal, along with characters
                 sent or received. It has proven useful for ``seeing''
                 the signal and for exploring hardware/software
                 settings, cable type, cable length and other
                 characteristics of a serial interface./",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wise:1992:DSS,
  author =       "M. J. Wise",
  title =        "Detection of similarities in student programs:
                 {YAP'ing} may be preferable to plague'ing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "268--271",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134564",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "It has argued that systems for detecting similarities
                 in submitted programs must be based on the analysis of
                 program structure. One such system is ``Plague''. In
                 this paper, some difficulties with the Plague system
                 are outlined and a new system is described that
                 achieves the same goals as Plague, but in a way that is
                 both more portable and more easily customized to new
                 target languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dorf:1992:BRW,
  author =       "M. L. Dorf",
  title =        "Backtracking the rat way",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "272--275",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134565",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Feldman:1992:PDP,
  author =       "M. B. Feldman",
  title =        "The portable dining philosophers: a movable feast of
                 concurrency and software engineering",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "276--280",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134566",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{John:1992:IPC,
  author =       "D. J. John",
  title =        "Integration of parallel computation into introductory
                 computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "281--285",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134567",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Luque:1992:QAT,
  author =       "E. Luque and R. Suppi and J. Sorribes",
  title =        "A quantitative approach for teaching parallel
                 computing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "286--298",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134568",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Parallel computing teaching has an important
                 difficulty, there are few tools to directly learn the
                 behavior of the parallel algorithms and the parallel
                 architectures. Normally the student is formed to think
                 in sequential algorithms running in sequential
                 machines. We present PSEE, a tool to reduce the gap
                 between the basic concepts and its utilization. PSEE is
                 an integrated and interactive graphic environment which
                 allows to simulate and evaluate the performance of
                 parallel algorithms in parallel architectures. PSEE
                 permits to manage the main characteristic parameters
                 involved in the system in order to show the tuning
                 grade of the algorithm/architecture couple. PSEE
                 includes a graphic editor for algorithms and
                 architectures in modelled form, an interactive
                 simulator to run (simulate) the algorithm on the
                 architecture and a performance evaluation instrument.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Schweitzer:1992:DIV,
  author =       "D. Schweitzer",
  title =        "Designing interactive visualization tools for the
                 graphics classroom",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "299--303",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134569",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Student comprehension of the concepts and algorithms
                 in computer graphics requires a thorough visual
                 understanding of the processes involved. To assist this
                 understanding in the computer graphics course at the
                 Air Force Academy, a set of interactive visualization
                 programs were created for classroom use. These programs
                 demonstrate key graphic concepts using various visual
                 metaphors. The process of creating and using these
                 tools in the classroom highlighted several design
                 guidelines when creating classroom visualization tools.
                 This paper describes these design guidelines, and the
                 way in which the tools are used in the classroom to
                 support lecture material. The paper concludes with our
                 experience using these tools and future plans.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Owen:1992:TCG,
  author =       "G. Scott Owen",
  title =        "Teaching computer graphics using {RenderMan}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "304--308",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134570",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A computer graphics course is extremely hardware
                 system dependent, even more than most computer science
                 courses. To produce high quality graphics images
                 requires a high resolution system with extensive color
                 capability and a fast cpu. Fortunately, the computer
                 graphics capabilities of inexpensive systems have
                 continued to increase. As this trend continues we need
                 to consider changing the way we teach our computer
                 graphics courses. In this paper I discuss a major shift
                 in my teaching methods in the past year. Whereas,
                 previously my students developed their own programs to
                 create images, I have switched to the use of the Pixar
                 RenderMan graphics package in the second graphics
                 course and use it at the end of the first graphics
                 course. I will discuss the rational for this change,
                 mine and the students' experiences with it, and future
                 planned modifications of the courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fisher:1992:TEP,
  author =       "Allan L. Fisher and Thomas R. Gross",
  title =        "Teaching Empirical Performance Analysis of Parallel
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "309--313",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/134510.134571;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/135250.134571",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-468-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-468-0",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse1992.html#FisherG92;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  note =         "The Papers of the Twenty-Third SIGCSE Technical
                 Symposium on Computer Science Education",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/1992.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Parallel/benchmark.bib",
  abstract =     "Performance is a central issue in parallel computing.
                 In this paper, we describe our approach to teaching
                 advanced undergraduates and graduate students about the
                 fundamentals of measuring and analyzing the performance
                 of programs running on a variety of parallel machines.
                 This approach can be applied to virtually any type of
                 parallel machine, as well as to parallel program
                 simulators. Although performance analysis can serve
                 many purposes, we focus on the needs of the parallel
                 programmer: understanding the behavior of algorithms
                 and programs, and making informed choices among them.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Harris:1992:RDC,
  author =       "William C. Harris and Leon P. Johnson",
  title =        "Redesign of an {A.S.} degree in computer science to
                 meet emerging national standards",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--6",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130963",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The state of science and technical education is at a
                 crucial juncture in our nation. In order to address
                 this issue, the Division of Natural Sciences and
                 Mathematics felt the need to incorporate recent
                 technological developments into its Computer Science
                 program. A conceptual framework for the revision and
                 the resulting A.S. degree in Computer Science Program
                 with a Telecommunications option are presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mayerhofer:1992:DAS,
  author =       "M{\'a}rio Andr{\'e} Mayerhofer and Carlos Jos{\'e}
                 Pereira de Lucena",
  title =        "Design of an algorithm simulation and animation
                 environment {(ASA)}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7--14",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130964",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper proposes a computer based environment to
                 aid in teaching algorithms. The environment is called
                 ASA (Algorithm Simulator and Animator) and it is being
                 developed for SENAC, a Brazilian company, associated to
                 Brazilian National Commerce Confederation, responsible
                 for technical education. The text discusses
                 difficulties in teaching algorithms and suggests the
                 computer as a tool capable of decreasing existing
                 learning barriers. In this context we present the goal
                 of the ASA project. We review other on going projects
                 also oriented towards teaching about algorithms through
                 computers which bear some influence on our work. In
                 sequence, we present the ASA system's architecture. The
                 system's three modules are described as: Algorithm
                 Presentor, Animator (Data Animator and Code Animator)
                 and Constructor. The experience gained in implementing
                 the prototype is reported. Difficulties encountered and
                 even implementation details are also reported. The
                 experience provides insights for the project's future
                 directions. We end by discussing the main research
                 areas in operation, that are results from the
                 experience gained.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shiflet:1992:PPC,
  author =       "Angela B. Shiflet",
  title =        "The publication process for computer science
                 textbooks",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15--19",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130965",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Piotrowski:1992:TIE,
  author =       "Jerzy A. Piotrowski",
  title =        "Translation --- an introductory exercise",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20--28",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130966",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper presents a case for using the functional
                 language Miranda$^{{\& }dagger; }$ as a tool in
                 building simple models used in undergraduate Computer
                 Science and Computer Engineering classes. Lexical
                 analysis, parsing and generation of code are described
                 by functions. However, only parsing is presented here
                 with some detail, while two other phases are outlined.
                 Some laboratory experiments suggested for students are
                 also included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rout:1992:CQS,
  author =       "T. P. Rout",
  title =        "The culture of quality and software engineering
                 education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "29--34",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130967",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "It is clear that both internal and external pressures
                 within the software development industry will require a
                 much greater focus on effective quality management. The
                 reasons for the slow acceptance of proven quality
                 techniques are canvassed, and it is suggested that
                 cultural obstacles to their use are developed and
                 reinforced through the educational process. Some
                 principles for overcoming the problem are proposed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Plouzeau:1992:ECD,
  author =       "N. Plouzeau and M. Raynal",
  title =        "Elements for a course on the design of distributed
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--40",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130968",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Sequential algorithms design and operating system
                 principles have always been fundamental courses in any
                 computer science curriculum. Protocols are now a well
                 established discipline, and parallelism and concurrency
                 issues are becoming more and more popular in academic
                 courses. Along these guidelines distributed algorithms
                 have now emerged as a proper topic of computer science;
                 studying them demands some prerequisite on algorithms,
                 parallelism and protocols but they cannot themselves be
                 reduced to these three domains. In this paper we
                 present elements for a course on the design of
                 distributed algorithms performing common operating
                 system services. The fundamental aspects of this course
                 lie in teaching the students that no global state can
                 be instantaneously caught because of the asynchronism
                 of the processes and message transmission delays. We
                 state basis problems addressed during the lecture
                 (mutual exclusion, rendezvous implementation, snapshot
                 computation, network traversals and distributed
                 evaluation of predicates) and present how students are
                 faced with distributed problems in practical classes,
                 using a distributed memory parallel machine to
                 implement their solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Elsworth:1992:MCW,
  author =       "E. F. Elsworth",
  title =        "The {MSL} compiler writing project",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "41--44",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130969",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gibson:1992:PPP,
  author =       "David E. Gibson",
  title =        "A {Pythagorean} problem as a programming exercise",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "45--47",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130970",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hannay:1992:HAS,
  author =       "David G. Hannay",
  title =        "Hypercard automata simulation: finite-state, pushdown
                 and {Turing} machines",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--58",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130971",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a package of highly interactive
                 simulation models for the concepts taught in Theory of
                 Computing courses. Macintosh Hypercard stacks are used
                 to demonstrate the three basic automata models:
                 Finite-State Machines, Push-Down Machines, and Turing
                 Machines. These simulations feature multiple named
                 machines on the same stack, accessible via a customized
                 menu or buttons on the screen. Because of the scripts
                 hidden behind the visible screen, with just a click of
                 a button students can alter starting states, the set of
                 input symbols, the number of states, the finality of
                 states, or the action based on a given state/input
                 combination. These simulations have been successfully
                 used in conjunction with a course on the Theory of
                 Computing at Union College since 1989. Students have
                 responded enthusiastically to this concrete method of
                 teaching abstract concepts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Prather:1992:CSU,
  author =       "Ronald E. Prather",
  title =        "Computer science in an undergraduate liberal arts and
                 sciences setting",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "59--64",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/130962.130972",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we intend to establish a collegial
                 meeting ground among faculty and administrators for a
                 broad discussion of the role of computer science in an
                 undergraduate liberal arts and sciences university. And
                 both groups are in mind as the potential audience. As
                 our title suggests, we are specifically excluding from
                 consideration those schools having significant graduate
                 degree programs, though some of our observations may be
                 appropriate there as well. And we are thinking
                 primarily of the high-quality liberal arts and sciences
                 institutions, or at least of those who aspire to be so
                 designated, where a primary emphasis is placed on
                 preparing students for graduate work at the major
                 universities. In this restricted setting, questions
                 arise for administrators that transcend the narrow
                 parochial characterizations of the field of computer
                 science, those framed by its practitioners and
                 generally recognized authorities (usually found at the
                 larger research universities). How well does computer
                 science fit with the classical liberal arts and
                 sciences tradition, and with the ``mission'' as a
                 whole? Do we already have enough ``computer expertise''
                 around the campus, without initiating or maintaining a
                 separate department? Can we afford it? Is it time to
                 dismantle it or merge it with another department?
                 Otherwise, is it in need of serious revision? One may
                 judge from this line of questioning that we intend to
                 give an equal consideration to those computer science
                 programs that are ``starting up'' and those that are
                 thinking about ``starting over.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hosny:1992:MPI,
  author =       "H. M. Hosny and M. S. Akabawy and T. G. Gough",
  title =        "Manpower profiling for information technology: a case
                 study",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1--10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142045",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Information Technology (IT) is finding its way rather
                 too quickly into the job markets in the developing
                 countries. There is a growing demand for IT trained
                 staff but no specific dimensions have been provided for
                 the types of graduates needed in the local marketplace.
                 A survey has been carried out of a wide cross section
                 of IT employers in Egypt, as a typical example of a
                 developing country with great potential for
                 technological advancement. The objective of the survey
                 was to identify the employers' present employment
                 patterns as well as their needs for trained personnel
                 in the IT field, at present and in the near future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Julstrom:1992:SSW,
  author =       "Bryant A. Julstrom",
  title =        "Slow sorting: a whimsical inquiry",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--13",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142050",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Sorting is one of the most common and important
                 computing operations. In analyzing and comparing
                 sorting algorithms, we consider their execution times,
                 as indicated by the number of operations they execute
                 as they sort n elements. The simplest algorithms have
                 times that grow approximately as n$^2$, while more
                 complex algorithms offer times that grow approximately
                 as n log n. This paper pursues a contrary goal: a
                 sorting algorithm whose time grows more quickly than
                 that of the well-known algorithms. The paper exhibits
                 and analyzes such an algorithm.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bishop-Clark:1992:PAN,
  author =       "Catherine Bishop-Clark",
  title =        "Protocol analysis of a novice programmer",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14--18",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142052",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This study examined the problem solving of a novice
                 programmer writing a first draft of an elementary
                 computer program. The latter stages of entering and
                 debugging the program were not part of the analysis. A
                 detailed analysis of the tape-recorded protocol
                 confirmed the major themes of the research on novice
                 problem solving. Some characteristics specific to
                 programming were also identified. In particular, the
                 subject emphasized the syntax of the language, showed
                 little advanced planning, and organized her programming
                 information in the order it had been presented in
                 class. There were distinct phases of (a) understanding
                 the problem, (b) devising a plan, and (c) carrying out
                 the plan. There was also evidence of both positive and
                 negative transfer from what the student had previously
                 learned in class. A number of practical guidelines for
                 teaching novices to program emerged from the analysis
                 and the literature.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{VanMeer:1992:ISA,
  author =       "Gretchen L. {Van Meer} and Charles D. Sigwart",
  title =        "Introducing students to adaptive computer devices: for
                 compliance with the {Americans with Disabilities Act of
                 1990}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19--23",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142055",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kearsley:1992:TIS,
  author =       "Greg Kearsley and Rachelle Heller",
  title =        "Teaching instructional software design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142059",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This article describes our approach to teaching
                 graduate students in education and computer science
                 about the design of instructional software. The course
                 is taught by instructional television (ITV) and
                 involves the use of a computer bulletin board system.
                 Students complete software projects using a variety of
                 commercial authoring tools. Student reactions to the
                 nature of the course are described as well as lessons
                 learned.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Goh:1992:OSP,
  author =       "Angela Goh",
  title =        "An operating systems project",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29--34",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142062",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "An operating systems project which is part of an
                 introductory course in operating systems is described.
                 The project, which emphasizes on process management
                 within operating systems, was implemented on the
                 Motorola 68000 Single Computer Board. In order to
                 complete the work, the students were required to
                 integrate knowledge gained from other courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kitchen:1992:GPT,
  author =       "Andrew T. Kitchen and Nan C. Schaller and Paul T.
                 Tymann",
  title =        "Game playing as a technique for teaching parallel
                 computing concepts",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "35--38",
  month =        Sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142064",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Ai/minimax.bib",
  abstract =     "Blackboard tracing of algorithms, while an effective
                 tool for the teaching of sequential programming, is
                 singularly ineffective and confusing when applied to
                 parallel computing. The use of classroom games to
                 illustrate concepts and pathologies proves to be a
                 useful alternative technique. Games in which students
                 play the role of processors can be used to illustrate
                 simple parallel algorithms as well as more complex
                 concepts. Live demonstrations are stimulating for both
                 the participants and the class as a whole. This paper
                 discusses guidelines regarding the development of such
                 exercises and presents several examples.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lambert:1992:AOC,
  author =       "Kenneth A. Lambert",
  title =        "An {ALGOL} object code interpreter in Scheme",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142068",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hilzer:1992:CS,
  author =       "Ralph C. {Hilzer, Jr.}",
  title =        "Concurrency with semaphores",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142071",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Concurrency is introduced in most operating systems
                 textbooks, but usually, only the basics of
                 synchronization and mutual exclusion are presented. The
                 more complicated examples are invariably canned code
                 such as the producer/consumer or readers/writers
                 problems. This paper explores semaphores at an
                 intermediate level by using them to coordinate the
                 activities of a barbershop. The obstacles encountered
                 when attempting to provide tailored access to
                 barbershop resources are similar to those encountered
                 in a real operating system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Krone:1992:SDM,
  author =       "Joan Krone",
  title =        "Student designed machines for a theory of computation
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "51--52",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142075",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Most Computer Science faculty members look forward to
                 teaching a course in Theory of Computation. However,
                 there is usually concern over how well students are
                 able to understand Turing's thesis, Church's thesis,
                 and the relationship between them with only one
                 semester of concentration on details of a particular
                 textbook. This paper describes how students in the
                 Theory of Computation Course at Denison University
                 designed their own theoretic machines and showed how
                 those machines could be used to solve example problems,
                 hopefully achieving an understanding of the theses by
                 Church and Turing as a result of developing the
                 technical details necessary in describing their
                 machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Trono:1992:UPC,
  author =       "John A. Trono",
  title =        "An Undergraduate Project to Compute Minimal Perfect
                 Hashing Functions",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "53--56",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142077",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Some heuristics for computing the character weights in
                 a Cichelli-style, minimal perfect hashing function are
                 given. These ideas should perform best when applied to
                 relatively small, static sets of character strings and
                 they can be used as the foundation for a large
                 programming assignment. An example using the names of
                 the fifty United States is given to illustrate how the
                 weights are determined.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Foley:1992:MSC,
  author =       "Dave Foley",
  title =        "Microcode simulation in the computer architecture
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57--59",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142080",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "There is no doubt that the most difficult topic to
                 teach in a Computer Architecture and Organization
                 course is microprogramming. In this paper the author
                 describes a Pascal programming project in which the
                 students write a simulator for a microprogram. The
                 project has been assigned several times with very
                 satisfying results for both the instructor and the
                 students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Withers:1992:EOS,
  author =       "James M. Withers and Mark B. Bilodeau",
  title =        "An examination of operating systems laboratory
                 techniques",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "60--64",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142083",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Students majoring in computer science at the United
                 States Military Academy (USMA) must take a course in
                 operating systems. In this course the students complete
                 a series of laboratory projects to learn the basic
                 concepts of modern computer operating systems. During
                 the last three semesters, our operating system
                 laboratory scheme evolved (1) from having the students
                 master a series of separate, unconnected projects (2)
                 to modifying an existing operating system simulation
                 (3) to finally having them completely build an
                 operating system. This article will discuss each
                 approach, its strengths and weaknesses and the
                 rationale for changing to our current program.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dale:1992:RSM,
  author =       "Nell Dale",
  title =        "Results of {SIGCSE} membership survey",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1--6",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141838",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "SIGCSE is alive and well, as evidenced by the fact
                 that 445 of you took the time to fill out the six-page
                 questionnaire mailed out to the approximately 2600
                 SIGCSE members in early January. Those of you who were
                 at the Technical Symposium in Kansas City heard me
                 summarize the responses. Here is a hard copy of the
                 results, including additional responses received after
                 the Symposium. I will group the responses into three
                 categories: Who are we? How do we rate current
                 services? and Where should we be going? In closing, I
                 will discuss comments from the free response section of
                 the questionnaire and pose a challenge to educational
                 researchers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Curl:1992:WAP,
  author =       "L. A. Curl",
  title =        "Writing about programming in {CS1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141840",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Students in CS1 were assigned to groups that met
                 during class time to study one member's work on one
                 complex programming problem. When the program was
                 complete, each student wrote a paper describing various
                 aspects of the program. The class response to the
                 writing project was varied and intense.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Epp:1992:YAA,
  author =       "Ed C. Epp",
  title =        "Yet another analysis of algorithms laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11--14",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141842",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Laboratory assignments can reinforce material given in
                 lecture by making it come alive in practice. A prime
                 example is the time complexity of algorithms. However,
                 laboratories that confirm the time complexity of
                 algorithms can be tedious exercises that do not really
                 challenge a student to think about the algorithms they
                 are testing. By giving students a set of unknown
                 executables, the laboratory becomes more of a detective
                 problem. Students are required to apply what they know
                 about the sort algorithms so that they can identify
                 them.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Berry:1992:SPC,
  author =       "Michael W. Berry",
  title =        "Simulating procurement in the classroom",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15--19",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141844",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The process known as procurement is commonly used by
                 academia, industry, and government to acquire the most
                 suitable computer system for their particular working
                 environments. The challenge is to purchase machines
                 yielding the desired performance given certain
                 constraints in funding. The guidelines used in the
                 acquisition of equipment can vary from customer to
                 customer. Similarly, the demonstration of machine
                 performance by computer vendors may differ according to
                 the market type and share they control. In this paper,
                 we describe a project from a recent graduate course on
                 Performance Evaluation within the Department of
                 Computer Science at the University of Tennessee,
                 Knoxville, concerning a simulation of the procurement
                 process by studying the interactions between computer
                 vendors and the scientific community (academia,
                 industry, and government). The goals of this project
                 were: (i) to define and interpret the scientific
                 methods used by customers to acquire their equipment,
                 (ii) to equate computational work with machine
                 performance and make cost-effective purchases, (iii) to
                 select appropriate hardware/software for customer's
                 needs, (iv) to determine effective methods of
                 performance presentation, and (v) to investigate the
                 psychology of vendor-customer relations within a
                 scientific computing environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Danilowicz:1992:AC,
  author =       "Ronald L. Danilowicz",
  title =        "{Alice in Computerland}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20--26",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141846",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Benham:1992:GAP,
  author =       "James W. Benham",
  title =        "A geometric approach to presenting computer
                 representations of integers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--28",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141848",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The student's first serious exposure to computer
                 arithmetic typically occurs in a sophomore course in
                 machine architecture or assembler language. A glance at
                 several excellent and widely used texts for these
                 courses (for example [M], [Sh], [St], [T]) shows that
                 this material is often presented as an unmotivated set
                 of mechanical rules to, for example, add numbers using
                 one's complement notation or compute the two's
                 complement representation of a negative integer. This
                 paper describes a way to motivate these topics by
                 relating them to the computer's ``natural''
                 arithmetic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Brown:1992:CLG,
  author =       "David T. Brown",
  title =        "{CS 1} labs: goals and expectations",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--34",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141850",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Taylor:1992:DAI,
  author =       "Pamela A. Taylor and Dana L. Wyatt",
  title =        "Database and artificial intelligence integration: a
                 challenge to academia",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35--42",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141851",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Database (DB) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) courses
                 have been long-standing offerings in computer science
                 curriculums. Due to the present-day need for
                 ``intelligent'' databases and ``knowledge-base''
                 management systems, the technologies of database and
                 artificial intelligence are increasingly being
                 integrated in research. Academia can give recognition
                 to this important movement toward integration. An
                 approach to teaching database and artificial
                 intelligence concepts emphasizing their capabilities,
                 limitations, and the need for integrating their
                 technologies is proposed. An introduction gives a brief
                 history of past and current practices. Reasons why the
                 current routine should be modified are discussed.
                 State-of-the-art information concerning current
                 research in this area is presented, and finally, a
                 course outline is suggested.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Osborne:1992:TCU,
  author =       "Lawrence Osborne",
  title =        "Teaching {C} with {UNIX} for college credit to
                 professional programmers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--48",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141852",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper addresses the problem of introducing the
                 UNIX operating system and the C language to
                 professional programmers and system analysts who have
                 had little or no experience with either UNIX or C.
                 Workshops given to industrial employees ordinarily last
                 for no more than a few consecutive days and offer no
                 college credit. In contrast, the course described in
                 this paper required approximately nine days, spread
                 over a three week period, and the students earned three
                 hours of undergraduate credit towards a degree in
                 computer science. A detailed breakdown of the contents
                 of the lectures is given, and examples of the
                 programming exercises done in the laboratory component
                 of the course are presented. Observations on the
                 effectiveness of the approach and suggestions for
                 future improvements in the course are offered in the
                 final section of the paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fuller:1992:MSA,
  author =       "Roy Fuller",
  title =        "Microcode simulator for {Apple Macintosh}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--51",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141854",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "No fewer than three microcode simulators have been
                 described in this bulletin since 1987. Carlson's [1]
                 runs on an IBM mainframe, Donaldson's [3] on DOS
                 machines and Dunworth's [4] on DOS or Unix machines.
                 All have a traditional textual interface. We wanted a
                 visual interface that would display a circuit diagram
                 (figure 1) and let a user follow the execution of a
                 microprogram by watching the action of the gates. The
                 first version became operational in the fall of 1990
                 and has survived two academic years of use by
                 undergraduates. Microcode has traditionally been
                 written using an obtuse mnemonic with such instructions
                 as ``a=7, b=3, ab, add, ramf, mar=y''. We did not want
                 students to have to contend with that kind of syntax,
                 so our users write microcode by responding to a series
                 of dialogs. The user makes a choice either by the
                 ``point and click'' technique or by typing a keystroke
                 equivalent. For example, the keystroke corresponding to
                 the addition operation is ``+''.When the input \#1
                 dialog comes up, the user can put register 7 on input
                 bus ``a'' by typing ``7''. Keystrokes are buffered,
                 allowing ``power programmers'' to type as fast as they
                 wish. The dialogs can keep up with most programmers on
                 any of the various Mac-II models. Even on the slower
                 Mac SE, the standard sequence of eight dialogues can be
                 completed in approximately four seconds, which is
                 considerably less time than it takes to flawlessly type
                 ``a=7, b=3, ab, add, ramf, mar=y''. After two years of
                 field testing, several improvements suggested by
                 students have been incorporated into the editor.
                 Students, with the exceptions of a few intransigent DOS
                 zealots, are now generally satisfied with the operation
                 of the microcode editor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rosel:1992:IFS,
  author =       "Andreas R{\"o}sel and Paul Bailes",
  title =        "Identifying foundations of software engineering
                 expertise",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "52--64",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/141837.141855",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The importance of software development expertise to
                 our society and likewise the importance of education in
                 this field are self-evident. At the same time it is
                 undisputed that software development at the
                 professional level is a complex activity. It must be
                 presumed that the make-up of expertise required to
                 successfully complete such activities will itself be
                 non-simple, deserving of our attention. A hierarchical
                 view of professional expertise is presented and a
                 method for determining the fundamental principles
                 making up lasting expertise is systematically derived.
                 The method is applied to determine principles of
                 software engineering expertise. The view presented
                 provides a step towards a well founded understanding of
                 the types of expertise needed for the activity of
                 software development. Educators involved in courses
                 releasing professionally recognised software developers
                 should be interested to examine which aspects of the
                 expertise-derivation they already utilise and which
                 aspects could further benefit their courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Carmony:1993:EAI,
  author =       "Lowell A. Carmony and Robert L. Holliday",
  title =        "An example from artificial intelligence for {CS1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169077",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ruckert:1993:EC,
  author =       "Martin Ruckert and Richard Halpern",
  title =        "Educational {C}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--9",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169080",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bergin:1993:TPP,
  author =       "John Bergin and Stuart Greenfield",
  title =        "Teaching parameter passing by example using thunks in
                 {C} and {C++}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169083",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mancoridis:1993:CCE,
  author =       "Spiros Mancoridis and Richard C. Holt and David A.
                 Penny",
  title =        "A ``curriculum-cycle'' environment for teaching
                 programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--19",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169086",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Neff:1993:LPE,
  author =       "Norman Neff",
  title =        "A logic programming environment for teaching
                 mathematical concepts of computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169090",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Maxim:1993:PLC,
  author =       "Bruce R. Maxim",
  title =        "Programming languages-comparatively speaking",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--29",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169092",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tosten:1993:UMR,
  author =       "Rodney S. Tosten",
  title =        "Using a model railroad system in an artificial
                 intelligence and operating systems course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "30--32",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169096",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Noyes:1993:TAB,
  author =       "James L. Noyes",
  title =        "Teaching {AI}: a breadth-first approach",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--37",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169098",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{LaRusch:1993:TAI,
  author =       "Michele R. LaRusch",
  title =        "Teaching artificial intelligence as the year 2000
                 approaches",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--42",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169100",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Erickson:1993:UTT,
  author =       "Carl Erickson",
  title =        "{USENET} as a teaching tool",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--47",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169102",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Khera:1993:IPC,
  author =       "Vivek Khera and Owen Astrachan and David Kotz",
  title =        "The {Internet Programming Contest}: a report and
                 philosophy",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--52",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169105",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Syang:1993:CAT,
  author =       "Angel Syang and Nell B. Dale",
  title =        "Computerized adaptive testing in computer science:
                 assessing student programming abilities",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--56",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169109",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hilburn:1993:TAT,
  author =       "Thomas B. Hilburn",
  title =        "A top-down approach to teaching an introductory
                 computer science course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "58--62",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169349",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Moore:1993:SIB,
  author =       "Thomas K. Moore",
  title =        "Scientific investigation in a breadth-first approach
                 to introductory computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--67",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169350",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Paxton:1993:IBF,
  author =       "John Paxton and Rockford J. Ross and Denbigh Starkey",
  title =        "An integrated, breadth-first computer science
                 curriculum based on Computing Curricula 1991",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "68--72",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169351",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fleury:1993:EDM,
  author =       "Ann E. Fleury",
  title =        "Evaluating discrete mathematics exercises",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169352",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Schoenefeld:1993:IDM,
  author =       "Dale A. Schoenefeld and Roger L. Wainwright",
  title =        "Integration of discrete mathematics topics into the
                 secondary mathematics curriculum using {Mathematica}: a
                 summer institute for high school teachers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--82",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169353;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/169070.169353",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-565-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-565-6",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  LCCN =         "QA76.27.A79 v.25 no.1",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse1993.html#SchoenefeldW93;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathematica.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Math/mathematica.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/1993.bib",
  abstract =     "The role of discrete mathematics in secondary
                 mathematics courses has become an extremely important
                 issue in recent years and has been addressed
                 extensively by several national organizations. This
                 paper discusses a summer Institute in discrete
                 mathematics for high school teachers. A detailed
                 outline is presented. Our survey indicated the
                 participants of the Institute had `none' to `vague'
                 prior exposure to 71\% of the discrete mathematics
                 topics presented in the course. The significant
                 difference between this Institute and possibly others
                 is the use of Mathematica as an integral part of the
                 Institute. Mathematica provides an additional
                 reinforcement of the material presented, especially in
                 the area of graph theory and combinatorics. Mathematica
                 can be a powerful motivating force and problem solving
                 tool for high school students in their development of
                 mathematical skills. We are encouraged by the success
                 of this Institute in providing a needed service in our
                 community. We hope the work reported in this paper will
                 encourage others to develop similar Institutes in their
                 communities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Tulsa",
  affiliationaddress = "Tulsa, OK, USA",
  classification = "901.1; 902.2; 903.2; 912.4; 921; 921.4",
  conference =   "24th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science
                 Education",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  journalabr =   "SIGCSE Bull",
  keywords =     "Analysis; Computer aided instruction; Demonstrations;
                 Differential equations; Discrete math; Education; Graph
                 theory; Information dissemination; Linear programming;
                 Mathematica; Mathematical techniques; Matrix algebra;
                 Nation at Risk study; School math programs; Standards;
                 Surveys; Teaching",
  meetingaddress = "Indianapolis, IN, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Feb 18--19 1993",
  meetingdate2 = "02/18--19/93",
  sponsor =      "ACM",
}

@Article{Bridges:1993:GAD,
  author =       "Susan Bridges",
  title =        "Graphics assignments in discrete mathematics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--86",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169354",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Langan:1993:MPD,
  author =       "David D. Langan",
  title =        "A multi-purpose dataflow simulator",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--90",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169355",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Olszewski:1993:CL,
  author =       "Jacek Olszewski",
  title =        "{CSP} laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "91--95",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169356",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartman:1993:DPP,
  author =       "Janet Hartman and Dean Sanders",
  title =        "Data parallel programming: a transition from serial to
                 parallel computing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "96--100",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169357",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Osborne:1993:OUC,
  author =       "Martin Osborne and James L. Johnson",
  title =        "An only undergraduate course in object-oriented
                 technology",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "101--106",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169358",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Barrett:1993:HMT,
  author =       "Martin L. Barrett",
  title =        "A hypertext module for teaching user interface
                 design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "107--111",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169359",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Adams:1993:PIS,
  author =       "Evans J. Adams",
  title =        "A project-intensive software design course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "112--116",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169360",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Roberts:1993:UCC,
  author =       "Eric S. Roberts",
  title =        "Using {C} in {CS1}: evaluating the {Stanford}
                 experience",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "117--121",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169361",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pattis:1993:PEA,
  author =       "Richard E. Pattis",
  title =        "The ``procedures early'' approach in {CS 1}: a
                 heresy",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "122--126",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169362",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dyck:1993:EPD,
  author =       "V. Arnie Dyck",
  title =        "Emphasizing the process in delivering {CS}-1",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "127--130",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169363",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Curl:1993:ICN,
  author =       "Linda A. Curl and Brent J. Hussin",
  title =        "Introductory computing: a new approach",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "131--135",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169364",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Popyack:1993:MMF,
  author =       "Jeffrey L. Popyack and Nira Herrmann",
  title =        "Mail merge as a first programming language",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "136--140",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169367",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kay:1993:HCS,
  author =       "David G. Kay",
  title =        "An honors computer science seminar for undergraduate
                 non-majors",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "141--144",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169370",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Barnett:1993:EPS,
  author =       "B. Lewis {Barnett III}",
  title =        "An {Ethernet} performance simulator for undergraduate
                 networking",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "145--150",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169373",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pilgrim:1993:DCV,
  author =       "Robert A. Pilgrim",
  title =        "Design and construction of the Very Simple Computer
                 {(VSC)}: a laboratory project for an undergraduate
                 computer architecture course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "151--154",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169376",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ewing:1993:MSC,
  author =       "Donald J. Ewing",
  title =        "Microcomputer systems {I}: a computer science and
                 engineering capstone course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "155--159",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169379",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wilson:1993:BCS,
  author =       "Judith D. Wilson and Nathan Hoskin and John T. Nosek",
  title =        "The benefits of collaboration for student
                 programmers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "160--164",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169383",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Witten:1993:GRS,
  author =       "Ian H. Witten and Timothy C. Bell",
  title =        "Getting research students started: a tale of two
                 courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "165--169",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169385",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Weis:1993:CPU,
  author =       "Richard L. Weis and Judith L. Gersting",
  title =        "A course on professionalism in the undergraduate {CS}
                 curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "170--174",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169387",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Goh:1993:LOE,
  author =       "Angela Goh and Peng-Chor Leong",
  title =        "Laboratories and other educational experiences based
                 on Curricula '91",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "175--179",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169391",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cowley:1993:GLI,
  author =       "Bruce Cowley and Greg Scragg and Doug Baldwin",
  title =        "Gateway laboratories: integrated, interactive learning
                 modules",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "180--184",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169394",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lang:1993:SSL,
  author =       "Joseph E. Lang and Barbara A. Smith",
  title =        "Scheduled supervised laboratories in {CS1}: a
                 comparative analysis",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "185--188",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169397",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Winslow:1993:PSA,
  author =       "Leon E. Winslow",
  title =        "Problem specification with action machines",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "189--192",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169401",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Saiedian:1993:TMF,
  author =       "Hossein Saiedian",
  title =        "Towards More Formalism in Software Engineering
                 Education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "193--197",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169405;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/169070.169405",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-565-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-565-6",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse1993.html#Saiedian93;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/1993.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/Pape.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fekete:1993:RAP,
  author =       "Alan Fekete",
  title =        "Reasoning about programs: integrating verification and
                 analysis of algorithms into the introductory
                 programming course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "198--202",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169410",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kick:1993:WCS,
  author =       "Russell C. {Kick, Jr.} and F. Stuart Wells",
  title =        "Women in computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "203--207",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169415",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Teague:1993:AWT,
  author =       "G. Joy Teague and Val A. Clarke",
  title =        "Attracting women to tertiary computing courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "208--212",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169418",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mueller:1993:IFY,
  author =       "Conrad Mueller and Sheila Rock and Ian Sanders",
  title =        "An improved first year course taking into account
                 third world students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "213--217",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169421",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rybacki:1993:ESA,
  author =       "Richard Rybacki and Kay A. Robbins and Steven
                 Robbins",
  title =        "{Ethercom}: a study of audio processes and
                 synchronization",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "218--222",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169446",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Adams:1993:DIU,
  author =       "Joel C. Adams",
  title =        "The design and implementation of a {Unix} classroom",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "223--227",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169450",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ho:1993:ACC,
  author =       "Chi Fai Ho and Christopher L. Morgan and Istvan
                 Simon",
  title =        "An advanced classroom computing environment and its
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "228--231",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169454",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Clarke:1993:PMD,
  author =       "Matthew C. Clarke",
  title =        "Possible models diagrams: a visual alternative to
                 truth tables",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "232--236",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169458",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Trahan:1993:SVT,
  author =       "Robin Trahan and Susan Rodger",
  title =        "Simulation and visualization tools for teaching
                 parallel merge sort",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "237--241",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169461",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Christensen:1993:STD,
  author =       "Margaret Christensen and Michael Giamo and Trevor
                 Jones",
  title =        "Support for teaching the design and implementation of
                 multimedia\slash hypermedia systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "242--245",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169465",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Brown:1993:STA,
  author =       "Richard A. Brown",
  title =        "A software testbed for advanced projects in real-time
                 and distributed computing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "247--250",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169473",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Amoroso:1993:GCC,
  author =       "Edward G. Amoroso",
  title =        "A graduate course in computing security technology",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "251--255",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169477",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ramakrishnan:1993:OSP,
  author =       "Sub Ramakrishnan and Ann-Marie Lancaster",
  title =        "Operating Systems Projects: linking theory, practice
                 and use",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "256--260",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169483",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Levine:1993:DDL,
  author =       "David B. Levine",
  title =        "Dealing with different levels of abstraction in a data
                 structures course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "261--264",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169486",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Reid:1993:OOP,
  author =       "Richard J. Reid",
  title =        "The object oriented paradigm in {CS 1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "265--269",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169491",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Decker:1993:TTO,
  author =       "Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield",
  title =        "Top-down teaching: object-oriented programming in {CS
                 1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "270--273",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169495",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Taylor:1993:IAD,
  author =       "Harriet G. Taylor and Katharine M. Paine",
  title =        "An interdisciplinary approach to the development of
                 writing skills in computer science students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "274--278",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169501",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McDonald:1993:DOC,
  author =       "Gary McDonald and Merry McDonald",
  title =        "Developing oral communication skills of computer
                 science undergraduates",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "279--282",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169503",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sullivan:1993:SPM,
  author =       "Sarah L. Sullivan",
  title =        "A software project management course
                 role-play-team-project approach emphasizing written and
                 oral communication skills",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "283--287",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169508",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Riehl:1993:USI,
  author =       "Arthur M. Riehl and Daniel P. Friedman and Brian
                 Harvey and Simon Kaplan and Richard Salter and George
                 Springer",
  title =        "Using {SCHEME} in the introductory computer science
                 curriculum (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "288",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169510",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Perl:1993:ATF,
  author =       "Teri Perl and Dennis Bybee and Carol E. Edwards and
                 Coco Conn",
  title =        "{ACM} task force report on {K}-12 education and
                 technology (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "289",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169514",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Harrington:1993:CES,
  author =       "Susan Marie Harrington and Charles Kelemen and
                 Rachelle Heller and Sandoval Melim and Ellen Spertus",
  title =        "Creating an environment for the success of women
                 students in undergraduate, co-ed computer science
                 programs (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "290",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169516",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kurtz:1993:EEC,
  author =       "Barry L. Kurtz and Nell Dale and Jerry Engel and Jim
                 Miller and Keith Barker and Harriet Taylor",
  title =        "Evaluating effectiveness in computer science
                 education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "293",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169519",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Almstrum:1993:IMW,
  author =       "Vicki L. Almstrum and Anita Borg and J. Paul {Myers,
                 Jr.}",
  title =        "Improving mentoring for women in computer science
                 fields (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "294",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169521",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hunkins:1993:CGA,
  author =       "Daltin R. Hunkins and Steven K. Andrianoff and Rosalee
                 Nerheim-Wolfe and Thomas L. Naps",
  title =        "Computer graphics across the {CS} curriculum
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "295",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169523",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Adams:1993:HCM,
  author =       "Elizabeth S. Adams and Rachelle S. Heller and Elliot
                 Soloway and Barbee Mynatt Teasley",
  title =        "Here comes the multimedia generation! Ready? or not?
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "297",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169525",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shiflet:1993:ATP,
  author =       "Angela B. Shiflet and Scott Cannon and Terry J.
                 Frederick and Janet Hartman and Marsha Meredith and
                 Chris Nevison and Dean Sanders",
  title =        "Approaches to teaching parallel processing on the
                 undergraduate level (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "298",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169527",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gladfelter:1993:SAD,
  author =       "Suzanne E. Gladfelter and William C. Harris and Karl
                 J. Klee",
  title =        "Successful associate degree programs in the computing
                 sciences",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "299",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169529",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Leidig:1993:ISC,
  author =       "Paul M. Leidig and Mary J. Granger and Asad Khailany
                 and Joan Pierson and Dean Sanders",
  title =        "Information systems curriculum (abstract): where we
                 should be going?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "300",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169530",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jones:1993:ICP,
  author =       "Rhys Price Jones and Doug Cooper and Dan Friedman and
                 Ric Holt and Peter Robinson",
  title =        "Issues in the choice of programming language for {CS
                 1} (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "301",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169531",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Klee:1993:FRA,
  author =       "Karl J. Klee and John Impagliazzo",
  title =        "Final report (abstract): curricula for two-year degree
                 programs in computer sciences, and computing and
                 engineering technology",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "302",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169534",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lopez:1993:REU,
  author =       "Antonio M. {Lopez, Jr.} and Gerald L. Engel and
                 Herbert L. Dershem and Santa Wiltz",
  title =        "Research experience for undergraduates (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "303",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169536",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Scott:1993:TEC,
  author =       "Thomas J. Scott and Richard B. Voss and Cherri M.
                 Pancake",
  title =        "Teaching an ethics component to computer science
                 majors (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "304",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169540",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Almstrum:1993:RMC,
  author =       "Vicki L. Almstrum and Debra Burton and Cheng-Chih Wu",
  title =        "Research methods in computer science education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "306",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.170091",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gersting:1993:BIV,
  author =       "Judith L. Gersting and Frank Young and Eric Tinsley
                 and Helen Hays and Anthony Schaeffer",
  title =        "Bringing the industry view of software engineering to
                 the classroom",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "307",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169542",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Clancy:1993:APA,
  author =       "Michael J. Clancy and Richard E. Pattis and Mark
                 Stehlik",
  title =        "Approaches to programming assignments in {CS 1} and
                 {CS} 2",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "308",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169544",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Merritt:1993:AMH,
  author =       "Susan M. Merritt and Charles J. Bruen and J. Philip
                 East and Darlene Grantham and Charles Rice and Viera K.
                 Proulx and Gerry Segal and Carol E. Wolf",
  title =        "{ACM} model high school computer science curriculum
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "309",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169545",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Austing:1993:FRC,
  author =       "Richard Austing and Therese Jones",
  title =        "Final report: curricula for two-year college task
                 force subgroup: computing for other disciplines",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "310",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169549",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Epstein:1993:POA,
  author =       "Richard G. Epstein",
  title =        "The power of {OOPS} (abstract): heterogeneous data
                 structures in {C++}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "311",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169548",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Howell:1993:EWU,
  author =       "Kathy Howell",
  title =        "The experience of women in undergraduate computer
                 science: what does the research say?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "1--8",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152752",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In recent years the discipline of computer science has
                 become recognized as a male dominated field. Attempts
                 have been made to encourage more women to participate
                 but, have such efforts been supported or directed by
                 the available research? This article presents a
                 description of the current situation and reviews the
                 existing body of research related to the undergraduate
                 experience of women in computer science. Based on the
                 research, some implications for computer science
                 education are outlined. Suggestions are also given for
                 further research needed to more completely describe the
                 current situation and direct changes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Morton:1993:SPL,
  author =       "Larry Morton and Nicholas Norgaard",
  title =        "A survey of programming languages in {CS} programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--11",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152753",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Newmarch:1993:PBA,
  author =       "Jan Newmarch",
  title =        "A plan-based approach to {Prolog} recursion",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12--18",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152755",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Coey:1993:ITS,
  author =       "W. A. Coey",
  title =        "An interactive tutorial system for {MC68000} assembly
                 language using {HyperCard}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19--23",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152756",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Assembly language programming of the Motorola MC68000
                 microprocessor is taught to post-graduate students in
                 the department of Computer Science at Queens University
                 of Belfast in a course entitled ``Microcomputer
                 Architecture and Programming''. Due to the large number
                 and complexity of the 68000's instructions an
                 interactive tutorial system was developed, using
                 HyperCard and HyperTalk, to enhance existing teaching
                 methods. The system, although aimed at courses teaching
                 MC68000 programming, would be a useful introduction to
                 low level programming theory on courses teaching
                 computer architecture or assembly language
                 programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Searls:1993:IHS,
  author =       "Delmar E. Searls",
  title =        "An integrated hardware simulator",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152757",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Skelton:1993:ITQ,
  author =       "Gordon W. Skelton",
  title =        "Integrating total quality management with software
                 engineering education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "29--30",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152758",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "During the past several years Total Quality Management
                 (TQM) has become a driving force in the service and
                 manufacturing industries. TQM and Total Quality Control
                 (TQC) are very applicable to the software development
                 industry and thereby, applicable to software
                 engineering instruction. This article focus on the need
                 for integration of TQM concepts into the regular
                 computer curriculum of the computer science and
                 software engineering program.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bryant:1993:FCC,
  author =       "Robert Bryant and Paul {De Palma}",
  title =        "A first course in computer science for small four year
                 {CS} programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--34",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152759",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper is a contribution to the ongoing debate over
                 the content of CS1. Instead of opting for either the
                 depth first or breadth-first approach, we have built a
                 course using some of the strongest elements of each.
                 This course does not replace CS1 in our department.
                 Rather, we use it to give beginning computer science
                 students a more balanced view of the discipline than
                 CS1 does. We also use it to teach in one place much of
                 the redundant material found in the standard computer
                 science curriculum. We find this makes for more
                 sophisticated students and lets us use our small
                 faculty more efficiently.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kelsh:1993:LAC,
  author =       "James P. Kelsh",
  title =        "Levels of abstraction in {CS2}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--37",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152760",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bergmann:1993:SCH,
  author =       "Seth D. Bergmann",
  title =        "Simulating and compiling a hypothetical
                 microprogrammed architecture with projects for computer
                 architecture and compiler design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--42",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152761",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Nute:1993:RPA,
  author =       "Tom Nute and Lavon Page and Jo Perry and Richard
                 Rinewalt and Pat Ryan and Laurie White and Stan
                 Wileman",
  title =        "Results and problems from the 1992 {ACM} Scholastic
                 Programming Contest Finals",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "43--50",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152762",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chandra:1993:SPP,
  author =       "Kailash Chandra",
  title =        "A set of programming projects for a second programming
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--56",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152763",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A set of six related programming projects are
                 presented. These projects are based on the assignments
                 given to a class taking a second course in Pascal
                 programming. The first project started with a source
                 code of a working program assigned to the students
                 giving them a jump start and then taking them step by
                 step to a project where they developed a simple
                 full-screen visual text editor. It has been a very
                 successful experiment. It is hoped that the others can
                 use similar programming assignments in their classes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chaudhuri:1993:NSQ,
  author =       "R. Chaudhuri and A. C. Dempster",
  title =        "A note on slowing {Quicksort}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "57--58",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152764",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a simple linear time algorithm for
                 generating a worst case sequence for Quicksort when the
                 pivot element is chosen as the middle elements of the
                 (sub)array in each pass.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Carrasquel:1993:NML,
  author =       "Jacobo Carrasquel",
  title =        "Necessity is the mother of language features",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "59--64",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/152751.152765",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A common problem when teaching CS1 courses to non-CS
                 majors is students' lack of motivation. This paper
                 describes a new approach and methodology intended to
                 solve this problem: The new approach involves a
                 different sequencing of topics covered in most CS1
                 courses, and the division of the course into four
                 units; thus exposing students to four different
                 problems of moderate length and degree of difficulty.
                 The new methodology consists of presenting students
                 with problems for which the programming features
                 learned up to that point are inadequate to solve the
                 task. Thus, instead of presenting topics (language
                 features) followed by a series of problems which
                 require the student to apply specific tools, I
                 introduce problems which create a need for new language
                 features. This way students feel more motivated to
                 explore new venues and participate more effectively in
                 the decision-making process.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Moses:1993:OCS,
  author =       "L. E. Moses",
  title =        "Our computer science classrooms: are they ``friendly''
                 to female students?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--12",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165411",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Radenski:1993:VO,
  author =       "Atanas Radenski",
  title =        "A voyage to Oberon",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13--18",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165412",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hein:1993:DLA,
  author =       "James L. Hein",
  title =        "A declarative laboratory approach for discrete
                 structures, logic, and computability",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19--25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165414",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Harlan:1993:PSE,
  author =       "Robert M. Harlan and David M. Patrone",
  title =        "Parsing as search: an easy-to-understand {RTN}
                 interpreter",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26--30",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165415",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Developing laboratory assignments on natural language
                 processing in an introductory AI course is difficult.
                 One reason is that the interpreter that applies a
                 grammar to input is often a complex, hard to understand
                 system. One is forced either to treat the interpreter
                 as a black box, restricting students to extending the
                 grammar that it applies, or to spend an inordinate
                 amount of time mastering the interpreter. We present an
                 alternative that enables students to master an
                 interpreter in fairly short order. Approaching parsing
                 as a search problem, an interpreter is presented that
                 is based on a search engine with which students have
                 had previous experience. This paper discusses an
                 interpreter for an RTN grammar. A subsequent paper
                 shows how the interpreter can be modified to handle an
                 ATN grammar. The grammar and interpreter are available
                 via ftp.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Deremer:1993:ILE,
  author =       "Dorothy Deremer",
  title =        "Improving the learning environment in {CS I}:
                 experiences with communication strategies",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--35",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165418",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pruhs:1993:SP,
  author =       "Kirk Pruhs",
  title =        "The {SPIN}-{OUT} puzzle",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36--38",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165421",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gray:1993:EEE,
  author =       "John S. Gray",
  title =        "Is eight enough?: the {Eight Queens Problem}
                 re-examined",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165423",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A detailed analysis of a classic backtracking problem,
                 The Eight Queen Problem is presented. The paper
                 addresses additional facets of the Eight Queen Problem
                 that might be overlooked when casually generating a
                 program solution. The author suggests that the extra
                 time taken to fully analyze the problem will result in
                 a better understanding of the problem which in turn
                 will manifest itself in a better program solution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Homkes:1993:CC,
  author =       "Rick Homkes and John Minor Ross",
  title =        "Clarifying '{C}'",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--51",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165425",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In the classroom of today, students learning C often
                 have experience in one or more languages such as BASIC,
                 COBOL or Pascal. With the possible exception of
                 students with Assembler skills, many of these
                 individuals stumble when making the change to C. This
                 review of the teaching and learning processes
                 surrounding C highlights areas where students either
                 face misunderstandings or will predictably under-use
                 new features.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Detmer:1993:PGP,
  author =       "Richard C. Detmer",
  title =        "{PC} graphics packages for Modula-2",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "52--57",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165428",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Modula-2 is the implementation language used in
                 Northwest Missouri State University's graphics course.
                 Two locally produced modules of graphics procedures
                 provide the interface for most of these programs. These
                 modules run under TopSpeed Modula-2 on a PC system with
                 a VGA display. The module of two-dimensional procedures
                 provides functionality similar to a minimal GKS
                 package. The module of three-dimensional procedures is
                 parallel to, but simpler than, the two-dimensional
                 module. Students have benefitted both from using and
                 from extending these modules.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mazaitis:1993:OOP,
  author =       "Dorothy Mazaitis",
  title =        "The object-oriented paradigm in the undergraduate
                 curriculum: a survey of implementations and issues",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "58--64",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/165408.165432",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Many undergraduate computer science programs have not
                 yet incorporated the object-oriented paradigm into
                 their curriculum or have done so only minimally.
                 Furthermore, programs which do teach object-oriented
                 design and programming do so in a variety of ways. This
                 paper presents a survey of different approaches to
                 incorporating the object-oriented paradigm into the
                 undergraduate curriculum. Data were complied from
                 experiences related in the current literature and from
                 a survey of undergraduate programs in Connecticut. To
                 round out the discussion, feedback from local industry
                 with regard to its use of this methodology is included:
                 specifically, is there a need for proficiency in
                 object-oriented design and programming?",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Galpin:1993:GIC,
  author =       "Vashti Galpin and Ian Sanders",
  title =        "Gender imbalances in computer science at the
                 {University of the Witwatersrand}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--4",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164208",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents figures which describe the current
                 situation with respect to male and female entry,
                 persistence and success rates in Computer Science at
                 the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). The figures
                 indicate that the situation at Wits is similar to that
                 observed at universities in other countries where only
                 a small number of the students are women. The figures
                 also show that persistence and success rates for men
                 and women are comparable. The paper ends by discussing
                 our ideas for the next stage of this research --- an
                 attitudinal survey directed at new first year science
                 students at the University of the Witwatersrand.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shiau:1993:OOP,
  author =       "Lie June Shiau",
  title =        "Object-oriented programming for numerical methods",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--8",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164210",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This article introduces the merits of employing a new
                 technique, Object-Oriented programming, in Numerical
                 Methods courses. Object-Oriented programs interpret
                 mathematical concepts more closely to their
                 definitions. They are also easier to implement and
                 maintain. More importantly, Object-Oriented techniques
                 avoid many human errors. C++, an Object-Oriented
                 extension to the popular C programming language, is
                 chosen as the programming language for the demonstrated
                 examples. We also include comparative examples to show
                 that C++ is more suitable than the traditional
                 scientific computer language FORTRAN for numerical
                 programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Biernat:1993:TTD,
  author =       "Martin J. Biernat",
  title =        "Teaching tools for data structures and algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9--12",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164211",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes several teaching tools used in an
                 Analysis of Algorithms course. The tools aid in
                 reviewing data structures and explaining various
                 algorithms while actively involving the student with
                 the algorithms. These tools have helped students not
                 only understand and retain the concepts behind the
                 algorithms, but has also raised their level of interest
                 in the class.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Brown:1993:DMI,
  author =       "David T. Brown",
  title =        "Discrete mathematics {II}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "13--17",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164213",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This is a report on the second of a two course
                 sequence in discrete mathematics taught at Ithaca
                 College. The course covers three topics, combinatorics,
                 finite state automata and regular languages and
                 verification theory, and is a prerequisite for a
                 theoretical course in computer science. The emphasis in
                 this paper is the half semester spent teaching
                 verification theory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shiau:1993:UHA,
  author =       "LieJune Shiau",
  title =        "Using a heuristic algorithm to help analyze graph
                 problems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--20",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164217",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Almstrum:1993:CTR,
  author =       "Vicki L. Almstrum and Cheng-Chih Wu",
  title =        "The {CSedRes} toolbox: a resource to support research
                 in computer science education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--26",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164219",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We introduce the notion of a ``CSedRes Toolbox'' for
                 educational research in the field of computer science.
                 The Toolbox should include a repertoire of instruments
                 and methodologies that instructor-researchers can use
                 in planning well-designed and valid studies. We propose
                 an on-going project for the SIGCSE membership: to
                 incrementally add appropriate tools to the Toolbox. In
                 this article, we motivate the existence of such a
                 repository and describe our vision for the Toolbox. As
                 our starting point in building up the Toolbox, we
                 discuss the characteristics of instruments used to
                 measure phenomena of interest in educational research,
                 with focus on instruments developed by other
                 researchers and how to locate these existing tools. The
                 balance of the paper presents an instrument for
                 assessing individuals' learning styles, Kolb's
                 LSI-1985.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Miller:1993:MDS,
  author =       "Diane M. Miller",
  title =        "{MIS} as a discipline: a structured definition",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--32",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164223",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Keating:1993:HNN,
  author =       "John G. Keating",
  title =        "{Hopfield} networks, neural data structures and the
                 nine flies problem: neural network programming projects
                 for undergraduates",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "33--37",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164224",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes two neural network programming
                 projects suitable for undergraduate students who have
                 already completed introductory courses in Programming
                 and Data Structures. It briefly outlines the structure
                 and operation of Hopfield Networks from a data
                 structure stand-point and demonstrates how these type
                 of neural networks may be used to solve interesting
                 problems like Perelman's Nine Flies Problem. Although
                 the Hopfield model is well defined mathematically,
                 students do not have to be very familiar with the
                 mathematics of the model in order to use it to solve
                 problems. Students are actively encouraged to design
                 modifications to their implementations in order to
                 obtain faster or more accurate solutions. Additionally,
                 students are also expected to compare the neural
                 network's performance with traditional approaches, in
                 order that they may appreciate the subtleties of both
                 approaches. Sample results are provided from projects
                 which have been completed during the last three-year
                 period.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dixon:1993:OET,
  author =       "Chip Dixon",
  title =        "Object extensibility: a {Turbo Pascal} graphics
                 example",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--40",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164227",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents the object-oriented concept of
                 extensibility. The specific implementation for this
                 concept is the language Turbo Pascal (5.5 or later).
                 The example illustrated has been successfully used as
                 part of an introductory object-oriented programming
                 class.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Higginbotham:1993:ISR,
  author =       "T. F. Higginbotham",
  title =        "The integer square root of {$N$} via a binary search",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41--45",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164229",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "An algorithm is presented which may be used to find
                 the integer square root of N. The method is intended
                 for use on a binary computer, where only addition,
                 subtraction, multiplication, or division by 2 is
                 required. The problem arose when the author was working
                 on factoring large numbers, where the machine, the
                 Honeywell DPS 8, had double precision integer addition
                 and subtraction, and the simulation of multiplication
                 was easy. The actual factoring of the large number was
                 to be Fermat's Method, requiring only addition and
                 subtraction, but the integer square root is required in
                 order to test for termination. The algorithm is
                 implemented in FORTRAN for ease of reading. Students
                 enjoy the unconventional approach to solving this
                 problem. It isn't long before some of them think of
                 other unusual solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Staehr:1993:DUT,
  author =       "Lorraine Staehr",
  title =        "Debating: its use in teaching social aspects of
                 computing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "46--49",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164233",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Harrison:1993:COS,
  author =       "William S. Harrison",
  title =        "Co-oping at the super collider",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "50--60",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164235",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper discusses one student's experience as a
                 participant in the Co-operative education program at
                 the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory in Dallas
                 Texas.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Guimaraes:1993:CPL,
  author =       "Jos{\'e} de Oliveira Guimar{\~a}es",
  title =        "Clever programming languages exercises",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61--64",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/164205.164237",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Books about programming languages usually propose
                 exercises and questions requiring little creativity
                 from students. Most exercises do not induce deeper
                 thoughts about characteristics of languages and
                 constructions. The paper proposes some exercises
                 showing new constructions under unusual viewpoints,
                 stimulating creativity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Paxton:1994:MTI,
  author =       "John T. Paxton and Rockford J. Ross and J. Denbigh
                 Starkey",
  title =        "A methodology for teaching an integrated computer
                 science curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191034",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shackelford:1994:IDF,
  author =       "Russell L. Shackelford and Richard J. LeBlanc",
  title =        "Integrating ``depth first'' and ``breadth first''
                 models of computing curricula",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--10",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191037",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Traditional undergraduate Computer Science curricula
                 have been increasingly challenged on a host of grounds:
                 undergraduate computing education is attracting fewer
                 majors, is not producing graduates who satisfy the
                 needs of either graduate programs or business and
                 industry, and is not effectively responding to the
                 increasing needs for computing education among the
                 larger student population. In the face of such
                 challenges, there has been a recent movement to
                 restructure undergraduate computing curricula. At
                 Georgia Tech we have design (AY 91-92) and implemented
                 (AY92-93) a new computing curriculum that features a
                 radical restructuring of subject matter. During the
                 design and implementation process, we paid close and
                 critical attention to the particulars of both the ACM
                 recommendations and reports from our colleagues at
                 other institutions who had already gained some
                 experience with ``Breadth First'' approaches. We have
                 conclude that curriculum modernization should integrate
                 key aspects of both ``Depth First'' and ``Breadth
                 First'' approaches. Our new curriculum is an example of
                 such integration. We present data (measures of student
                 performance and of student and faculty opinion) that
                 confirm that our approach is viable, and we now believe
                 that it can be a useful model for others. In this
                 paper, we outline the structure of our integrated
                 curriculum and report on key facets of our experience
                 with it.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tucker:1994:NDI,
  author =       "Allen B. Tucker and Peter Wegner",
  title =        "New directions in the introductory computer science
                 curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191038",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Collofello:1994:ASP,
  author =       "James S. Collofello and Manmahesh Kantipudi and Mark
                 A. Kanko",
  title =        "Assessing the software process maturity of software
                 engineering courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--20",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191040",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Since its introduction by the Software Engineering
                 Institute (SEI) in 1987, the SEI Software Process
                 Maturity Model has gained wide visibility and
                 acceptance by industry. Its overall goal is to enable
                 an organization to assess its software process maturity
                 in order that it might be able to improve its software
                 development process. Inspired by the success of the SEI
                 model, this paper describes an attempt to develop an
                 analogous, but highly simplified and unvalidated
                 process maturity framework applicable to software
                 engineering project courses. Our goal is to enable an
                 instructor of a software engineering project course to
                 assess the software development processes utilized in
                 the course and to improve these processes leading to
                 better managed and more successful projects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Mili:1994:TFC,
  author =       "Rym Mili and Ali Mili",
  title =        "Teaching a first course on data structures: a software
                 engineering approach",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191042",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We discuss our experience with integrating three key
                 ideas of software engineering into our data structures
                 course: formal specifications, information hiding, and
                 bottom up programming. The idea of formal
                 specifications is fostered by the introduction of a
                 simple formal notation, which students use to describe
                 their data structures and to validate their
                 implementation. The idea of data abstraction is
                 fostered by separating, in the very design of our
                 course, the usage of data structures from their
                 implementation. Finally the idea of bottom up
                 programming is fostered by showing students how complex
                 systems can be designed one layer at a time, where each
                 layer refers exclusively to the layer immediately below
                 it.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rifkin:1994:TPP,
  author =       "Adam Rifkin",
  title =        "Teaching parallel programming and software engineering
                 concepts to high school students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--30",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191044",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper takes the stand that it is never too early
                 to teach so-called ``hard'' concepts in computer
                 science. Specifically, basic principles in parallel
                 algorithm development and software engineering can be
                 introduced to students first learning about computers.
                 The key is to present ideas in a manner that is simple,
                 fun and suited to the audience. We discuss an
                 interactive exercise developed with this premise in
                 mind, based on sorting algorithms, that we conducted
                 with one hundred minority students aged 14 to 17, on
                 March 19, 1993. Our students, relative neophytes to
                 high level computer science notions, had fun while
                 learning alleged difficult concepts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Harlan:1994:ASA,
  author =       "Robert M. Harlan",
  title =        "The Automated Student Advisor: a large project for
                 expert systems courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--35",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191046",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper examines a large project for an Expert
                 Systems course, the Automated Student Advisor, which
                 assists students in selecting courses for the next
                 semester. The system was designed and implemented in
                 the last third of a semester course by students and the
                 instructor working as a software group. The result was
                 a software system that is now in use at the
                 university.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ingargiola:1994:RST,
  author =       "Giorgio Ingargiola and Nathan Hoskin and Robert Aiken
                 and Rajeev Dubey and Judith Wilson and Mary-Angela
                 Papalaskari and Margaret Christensen and Roger
                 Webster",
  title =        "A repository that supports teaching and cooperation in
                 the introductory {AI} course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--40",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191048",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the development of FLAIR
                 (Flexible Learning with an Artificial Intelligence
                 Repository), a repository of educational material and
                 of a highly visual computing environment for use in
                 laboratories associated with the introductory
                 undergraduate Artificial Intelligence (AI) course. This
                 repository supports sharing of pedagogic material and
                 of development tools, and cooperation in their use,
                 while allowing diversity in content and in use at
                 different institutions. Thus the development of the
                 repository has stressed the production of system tools,
                 extensible object-oriented libraries, and strong
                 programming frameworks. Some modules currently
                 available are on Search and Automated Reasoning.
                 Examples of the presentation techniques used are
                 conceptual maps, hypertext, and graphic animations of
                 algorithms. Initial experience in the use of the
                 repository in teaching the introductory AI course is
                 taking place in the 1993/94 academic year.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Luker:1994:PAI,
  author =       "Paul A. Luker and Dennis Rothermel",
  title =        "The philosophy of artificial intelligence: a general
                 studies course with particular benefits to computer
                 science majors",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--45",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191050",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Over four years ago, we developed and implemented an
                 upper division general studies course. ``The Philosophy
                 of Artificial Intelligence.'' The course has since been
                 team taught every semester by a computer scientist and
                 a philosopher. Here, we draw on our four years'
                 experience with the course to discuss its impact on
                 computer science majors, for whom we feel that it
                 fulfills two main purposes. First, having technical
                 material presented within the coherent framework
                 provided by this course offers students an accessible
                 and consistent context. Secondly, an examination of the
                 philosophical aspects of this material enables the
                 students to look at their own discipline from without
                 for the first time. We contend that a course of this
                 nature neatly rounds off the education of computer
                 scientists.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Naps:1994:OOA,
  author =       "Thomas L. Naps and Brian Swander",
  title =        "An object-oriented approach to algorithm
                 visualization-easy, extensible, and dynamic",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--50",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191052",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A key component of our attempt to integrate the
                 object-oriented paradigm into introductory and
                 intermediate courses is algorithm visualization. Such
                 visualization depicts an algorithm as a sequence of
                 graphical snapshots of data structures that are
                 operated upon at ``interesting events'' in the
                 algorithm's execution. Using object-oriented
                 techniques, we have significantly enchanced a previous
                 version of the algorithm visualization system called
                 GAIGS, developed at Lawrence. These enhancements allow
                 instructors and students to develop dynamic
                 visualizations with relative ease and, if desired,
                 extend the graphic operations that are built into GAIGS
                 to allow more personalized visualizations. The
                 resulting software package is being used in a core of
                 courses as a means of illustrating the power of the
                 object-oriented approach while at the same time
                 advancing students' understanding of difficult
                 algorithms. Because of the extensibility of the
                 object-oriented features of the system, we envision
                 many future applications in which it could be used. To
                 encourage the development of such applications, the
                 system is conveniently available via ftp.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Decker:1994:TRW,
  author =       "Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield",
  title =        "The top 10 reasons why object-oriented programming
                 can't be taught in {CS 1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--55",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191054",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Over the past year we have changed our CS 1 course
                 from a standard Pascal-based, procedural programming
                 course into one that emphasizes C++ and object-oriented
                 programming (OOP). While our experience to date
                 indicates that this was a good decision for both our
                 students and our department, the decision did not come
                 easy. We struggled long and hard with many, if not
                 most, of the questions and issues that have come to be
                 associated with teaching OOP to undergraduates. This
                 paper recounts our struggles, and presents our
                 responses to the more serious of the pedagogical
                 questions that we considered. In hindsight, many of the
                 reasons we came up with for not using OOP in CS1 are
                 seen to reflect our lack of understanding of the
                 paradigm, our fear of the language, and our past
                 experience teaching Pascal and the procedural paradigm.
                 Furthermore, we believe that our reservations (which
                 appear to be quite common) stemmed from a growing body
                 of misleading OOP folklore that is contrary to our
                 experience and that this paper attempts to dispel.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Luker:1994:TMO,
  author =       "Paul A. Luker",
  title =        "{There}'s more to {OOP} than syntax!",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--60",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191056",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rasala:1994:AAI,
  author =       "Richard Rasala and Viera K. Proulx and Harriet J.
                 Fell",
  title =        "From animation to analysis in introductory computer
                 science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--65",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191057",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shum:1994:ULP,
  author =       "Stephen Shum and Curtis Cook",
  title =        "Using literate programming to teach good programming
                 practices",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--70",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191059",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The ability to comprehend a program written by other
                 individuals is becoming increasingly important in
                 software development and maintenance. In an attempt to
                 encourage undergraduate Computer Science students to
                 write informative and usable documentation, the
                 literate programming paradigm was incorporated into the
                 teaching of one undergraduate Computer Science course
                 at Augustana College. This paper describes the concept
                 of literate programming, the experience of using
                 literate programming to teach good programming
                 practices, and the results from the experiment that
                 showed that literate programming encourages more
                 documentation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kortright:1994:SPI,
  author =       "Lisa M. Levy Kortright",
  title =        "From specific problem instances to algorithms in the
                 introductory course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--75",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191060",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we present an approach for the
                 introduction of problem solving and algorithm
                 development in the first computer science course. Our
                 technique is a more formal and systematic approach to
                 programming based on generalizing a pattern after
                 studying and expanding on a sequence of specific
                 problem instances. In our approach, the algorithm and
                 justification of its correctness are developed
                 together.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Myers:1994:IUD,
  author =       "William Myers",
  title =        "Instructional uses of demonstration disks",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--79",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191062",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Demonstration programs distributed by software
                 publishers are an inexpensive source of software
                 examples for student use. These programs can be used in
                 a variety of computer classes and for a variety of
                 assignments. They provide examples of different
                 software types and of different approaches to
                 interfaces and integration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Thweatt:1994:CCL,
  author =       "Mack Thweatt",
  title =        "{CSI} closed lab vs. open lab experiment",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--82",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191064",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Recommendations of the ACM/IEEE Joint Curriculum Task
                 Force on the Core of Computer Science and the
                 dissatisfaction with the poor performance of too many
                 CS1 students at Middle Tennessee State University
                 combined to motivate the Computer Science Department to
                 compare the use of closed labs and open labs. A
                 controlled experiment was conducted in the Fall 1992
                 and Spring 1993 semester of CS1 classes. Some of these
                 classes were chosen for closed lab and others for open
                 lab experiences. ANOVAs of various comparison groups
                 consistently showed significant differences on
                 comprehensive CS1 exams in favor of the students in
                 closed labs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Berque:1994:KWS,
  author =       "Dave Berque and Jeff Bogda and Brian Fisher and Tim
                 Harrison and Nick Rahn",
  title =        "The {KLYDE} workbench for studying experimental
                 algorithm analysis",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--87",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191065",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "KLYDE is a software workbench that helps students
                 study issues related to the design, implementation, and
                 empirical analysis of algorithms. Using the system's
                 graphical user interface students can design and
                 conduct experiments to study the efficiency of a
                 variety of algorithms and their underlying
                 implementations. The data generated by these
                 experiments can be studied directly, or imported into
                 speadsheet and presented graphically. This paper gives
                 an overview of the KLYDE system and illustrates how the
                 system can be used in a variety of undergraduate
                 computer science courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rabung:1994:ICC,
  author =       "John Rabung",
  title =        "Introducing computer concepts to novices by
                 ``practical'' immersion",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "88--91",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191067",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Herrmann:1994:ISB,
  author =       "Nira Herrmann and Jeffrey L. Popyack",
  title =        "An integrated, software-based approach to teaching
                 introductory computer programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--96",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191068",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We have developed a course in scientific and
                 statistical programming consisting of an introduction
                 to computer programming and data analysis concepts
                 using a variety of software packages. This approach
                 addresses the problems inherent in introducing
                 programming to non-computer science majors,
                 particularly those in engineering, the sciences, and
                 the social sciences where computing and statistical
                 data analysis techniques are essential professional
                 tools, as well as to computer science majors with
                 minimal or nonexistent programming backgrounds. Key
                 programming concepts are introduced, including
                 variables and identifiers, absolute versus relative
                 addresses, assignment statements, IF/THEN/ELSE
                 statements, nested and compound IF statements, truth
                 tables, precedence of operations, use of built-in and
                 user-defined functions, dummy variables, passing by
                 value and reference, the importance of order in
                 specifying input to functions, modular program design,
                 subprograms, debugging and testing techniques,
                 properties of good programs, and iterative loops.
                 Elementary statistical concepts and data analyses are
                 covered within a computing environment context that
                 emphasizes data analysis and interpretation of results.
                 Assignments and examples are developed in collaboration
                 with the students' major departments to insure
                 relevance and interest to the students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fagin:1994:TYD,
  author =       "Barry Fagin",
  title =        "Two years of ``The Digital World'': portable
                 courseware for technological literacy",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--101",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191070",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We report here our cumulative 2-year experience with
                 the ``The Digital World'', a course designed to
                 increase the technological literacy of non-science
                 students. The course relies heavily on computer-aided
                 instruction, including the extensive use of electronic
                 lectures and multimedia. Students were able to acquire
                 a surprising level of sophistication by working with
                 examples of digital technology chosen from their daily
                 lives. Students were also able to identify weaknesses
                 in areas of current technology and public policy
                 similar to those identified by experts. We describe our
                 successes and failures, and present cumulative data on
                 performance, by major, class, and gender. All
                 courseware and applications for ``The Digital World''
                 are available from the author.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Etlinger:1994:PLL,
  author =       "Henry A. Etlinger and Michael J. Lutz",
  title =        "Professional literacy: labs for advanced programming
                 courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--105",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191072",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Our contention is that there now exists a considerable
                 body of lab exercises that may be used in conjunction
                 with introductory courses. There are fewer models
                 available for instructors of more advanced programming
                 courses, especially those courses which attempt to
                 introduce students to current practices in software
                 engineering. In this paper, we report on our
                 experiences in building a second-year programming
                 course that includes a significant lab and project
                 component. These labs and projects are the vehicle we
                 use to introduce students to the world of professional
                 practice in software development.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Roberge:1994:ULT,
  author =       "James Roberg{\'e} and Candice Suriano",
  title =        "Using laboratories to teach software engineering
                 principles in the introductory computer science
                 curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--110",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191074",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "If students are to internalize software engineering
                 concepts and incorporate them into their individual
                 software development styles, they must use these
                 concepts during the initial stages of their computer
                 science education. In this paper, we examine how
                 laboratories that emphasize software development can be
                 used to familiarize students with the basic elements of
                 software engineering during the introductory computer
                 science course sequence.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Scott:1994:TDS,
  author =       "Thomas J. Scott and Lee H. Tichenor and Ralph B.
                 {Bisland, Jr.} and James H. {Cross II}",
  title =        "Team dynamics in student programming projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "111--115",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191076",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper focuses on the interpersonal issues, often
                 referred to as ``team dynamics,'' that can become quite
                 important as students construct a large-scale
                 programming project. Differing methods in which teams
                 can develop phases of such projects are presented with
                 advantages and disadvantages for each topic discussed.
                 Various methods of student team selection and team
                 communication techniques are first considered. Then
                 various methods that can be used to define large-scale
                 student team projects are discussed. The effect of team
                 dynamics on the classic software engineering phases of
                 specification, implementation, testing, and evaluation
                 phases of student projects is discussed. Four project
                 scenarios that have been used in the authors' classes,
                 as well as rationales for these project designs are
                 discussed. The paper concludes with results derived
                 from using these scenarios in the classroom.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Denman:1994:DPF,
  author =       "Richard Denman and David A. Naumann and Walter Potter
                 and Gary Richter",
  title =        "Derivation of programs for freshmen",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "116--120",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191077",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lau:1994:TIF,
  author =       "Kung-Kiu Lau and Vicky J. Bush and Pete J. Jinks",
  title =        "Towards an introductory formal programming course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "121--125",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191079",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McFall:1994:FSM,
  author =       "Ryan McFall and Herbert L. Dershem",
  title =        "Finite state machine simulation in an introductory
                 lab",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "126--130",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191082",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Goldweber:1994:NPT,
  author =       "Michael Goldweber and John Barr and Chuck Leska",
  title =        "A new perspective on teaching computer literacy",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "131--135",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191084",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The first step in designing a college level computer
                 literacy course is to define what is meant by computer
                 literacy. Unfortunately no consensus exists as to what
                 the label ``computer literate'' should imply. The
                 difficulty in both defining computer literacy and
                 designing a satisfactory computer literacy course is
                 evident by both the frequency of change and
                 experimentation occurring at many institutions and by
                 the forests of textbooks that exist for such a course.
                 In this paper we present a definition of computer
                 literacy that is independent of any specific
                 application or application genre and introduce the
                 notion of application literacy as distinct from that of
                 computer literacy. Finally we describe a course
                 implementation strategy commensurate with our
                 philosophy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Zachary:1994:TBT,
  author =       "Joseph L. Zachary",
  title =        "Tutorial-based teaching of introductory programming
                 classes",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "136--140",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191085",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Arnow:1994:TPL,
  author =       "David Arnow",
  title =        "Teaching programming to liberal arts students: using
                 loop invariants",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "141--144",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191087",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Loop invariants have long been present in advanced
                 undergraduate and graduate courses on programming
                 methodology or program correctness. Recently there has
                 been an increased interest in using loop invariants in
                 teaching more elementary courses. In this paper, its
                 successful use in teaching elementary programming in a
                 computer literacy course for non-majors is described.
                 The techniques described here, that are necessary in
                 order to work successfully with this population, are
                 also applicable to the teaching of programming to
                 computer science majors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rozanski:1994:ADI,
  author =       "Evelyn P. Rozanski",
  title =        "Accreditation: does it enhance quality?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "145--149",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191090",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Accreditation, considered to be the one formal
                 mechanism for assessing quality in the postsecondary
                 environment, focuses on determining and encouraging
                 acceptable levels of educational quality. In
                 particular, specialized program accreditation is
                 purported to enhance program quality. This exploratory
                 study used a nationwide mail questionnaire to a
                 stratified random sampling of 100 department heads of
                 the units administering baccalaureate Computer Science
                 programs. The purpose was to gain an understanding of
                 how Computer Science programs and departments were
                 related to selected indicators of faculty and program
                 quality. Several differences and some similarities
                 exist between the accredited and non-accredited groups.
                 The median of the data for each indicator suggested a
                 quality breakpoint to be used in defining two indices.
                 It was found that for each of the two indices, the
                 accredited group outperformed the non-accredited group
                 by thirty percent. The implication is that Computer
                 Science programs that follow accreditation guidelines
                 have the potential for increasing their quality
                 indicators.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Scragg:1994:CSN,
  author =       "Greg Scragg and Doug Baldwin and Hans Koomen",
  title =        "Computer science needs an insight-based curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "150--154",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191092",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Computer science is a fundamentally creative
                 endeavour. The creativity necessary for science is not
                 produced through a knowledge of many facts, but through
                 deep insight into the relationships between facts and
                 the methods of inquiry through which they are
                 discovered. The goal of computer science education
                 should be the development of insight into the methods
                 and nature of the discipline, not simply exposure to
                 its current factual content. Unfortunately, few aspects
                 of insight are explicitly addressed in any standard
                 curricula. We call for, and present an outline for, a
                 curricula based on insight rather than topics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Knight:1994:UCS,
  author =       "John C. Knight and Jane C. Prey and Wm. A. Wulf",
  title =        "Undergraduate computer science education: a new
                 curriculum philosophy {\&} overview",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "155--159",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191093",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tureman:1994:CLS,
  author =       "Robert L. {Tureman, Jr.}",
  title =        "Computing laboratories and the small community
                 college: defining the directed computing laboratory in
                 the small college computing environment",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "160--163",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191094",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The small community college faces a unique set of
                 challenges in laboratory implementation. This paper
                 identifies the computing environment at a particular
                 small community college, discusses the instructional
                 content desired by the college, surveys various
                 approaches to laboratories, and offers the approach
                 that the college is using to implement appropriate
                 instructional computing labs. The suggested approach
                 provides for both an ``OPEN'' and ``SCHEDULED'' lab,
                 promotes instructor freedom as no one lab approach is
                 dictated by the lab setup, allows directed labs where
                 they are appropriate and documents that class contact
                 hours are set according to standards.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Geitz:1994:CCP,
  author =       "Robert Geitz",
  title =        "Concepts in the classroom, programming in the lab",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "164--168",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191096",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Computing Curricula 1991 calls for breadth in the
                 undergraduate computer science curriculum. Many authors
                 have recommended structured laboratories for computer
                 science. This is a report on a project to combine these
                 goals in an introductory sequence of courses. We
                 present two courses in which all programming is done in
                 a laboratory environment, leaving the lectures for more
                 conceptual material that ranges over a broad selection
                 of topics. Student reactions to this project have been
                 very positive-we have increased the number of students
                 continuing with the major, as well as student
                 satisfaction with the courses themselves.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Oliver:1994:SDP,
  author =       "S. Ron Oliver and John Dalbey",
  title =        "A software development process laboratory for {CS1}
                 and {CS2}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "169--173",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191097",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Typical introductory courses emphasize programming
                 constructs and language features, and are built around
                 many simple programming assignments that encourage
                 students to use those constructs and features, on a
                 feature-by-feature basis. This has the effect of
                 inculcating a quick and dirty, programming-in-the-small
                 mentality. Even if responsible development methods are
                 carefully taught in class, the assignments tend to be
                 so small and simple, any methods, other than just
                 writing the code, come to be seen as a nuisance, rather
                 than an aid to the process. Introductory students are
                 usually required to work individually, rather than in
                 teams, to ensure each acquires a minimum understanding
                 of the fundamentals. This has the effect of encouraging
                 students, during the formative stages, to develop
                 individualistic work habits, which are often
                 inconsistent with working in teams. Even though group
                 programming projects may be imposed on students in
                 later course work, these experiences are often too
                 late, or otherwise insufficient, to offset the habits
                 and styles established during the CS1 and CS2 courses.
                 Although laboratory components are becoming more common
                 for upper division Computer Science courses, they are
                 still relatively uncommon at the CS1 and CS2 level. We
                 propose a laboratory component for CS1 and CS2 that
                 will emphasize programming-in-the-large and group
                 projects. These and other aspects of the lab will help
                 students, in a positive way, to become comfortable with
                 practices and processes considered essential to do
                 software development. They will not only learn the
                 fundamentals more successfully, but they will also
                 develop habits and styles that will better server them
                 in their careers as Computer Scientists.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Finkel:1994:NPE,
  author =       "David Finkel and Surendar Chandra",
  title =        "{NetCp} --- a project environment for an undergraduate
                 computer networks course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "174--177",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191099",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Magagnosc:1994:SCO,
  author =       "David Magagnosc",
  title =        "Simulation in computer organization: a goals based
                 study",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "178--182",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191100",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gschwind:1994:RHE,
  author =       "Michael Gschwind",
  title =        "Reprogrammable hardware for educational purposes",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "183--187",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191102",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a novel idea in teaching computer
                 architecture by using programmable hardware. Current
                 teaching models for computer architecture today are
                 either mostly theory-only or implementation oriented.
                 Theory-based architecture courses lack the feedback to
                 show students the effects of their decisions.
                 Implementation-oriented instruction emphasizes the
                 implementation aspects, that is, very low-level
                 implementation strategies, over CPU architecture and
                 forces the usage of very limited CPU designs to reduce
                 complexity. High cost and long manufacturing times are
                 other problems associated with this approach. We
                 propose to use field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)
                 to allow fast implementation of chip designs. This
                 allows for a fast debug cycle, as designs can be
                 altered and downloaded in a matter of hours. As FPGAs
                 are pretested, only logic functionality has to be
                 validated, reducing the time to get a workable
                 implementation of a chip considerably.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Calloni:1994:IPB,
  author =       "Ben A. Calloni and Donald J. Bagert",
  title =        "{ICONIC} programming in {BACCII} vs. textual
                 programming: which is a better learning environment?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "188--192",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191103",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents the empirical testing results on
                 students' learning in the CS1 PASCAL programming
                 course. This research is the continuation of a project
                 begun in 1990. In 1991, creation of a prototype Windows
                 based application for Personal Computers reached
                 completion. That system, called BACCII, is used to
                 teach beginning procedural programming. All but the
                 most basic operations are accomplished using icons.
                 When the algorithm is complete, the student can
                 generate syntactically correct source code for PASCAL,
                 C, FORTRAN, or BASIC. The system was evaluated with 126
                 college students in the Spring 1993 semester, randomly
                 assigned to laboratory sections. Fifty-two used BACCII
                 and VAX with the remaining 74 using VAX PASCAL alone.
                 The results showed significant improvement in academic
                 scores (and presumably learning) for the BACCII control
                 group.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Buckalew:1994:LA,
  author =       "Chris Buckalew and Alan Porter",
  title =        "The lecturer's assistant",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "193--197",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191105",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "For many centuries the chalkboard has been the primary
                 means of communication in the classroom, recently
                 augmented by the overhead projector. These media
                 provide one-way communication: from the lecturer to the
                 students. We describe a prototype system, called the
                 Lecturer's Assistant, which as its main feature enables
                 graphic communication from the students to the lecturer
                 and other students. This capability allows students to
                 easily ask questions or present ideas without leaving
                 their seats. The Lecturer's Assistant also provides the
                 lecturer with a complete electronic environment for the
                 preparation, presentation, and subsequent editing of
                 classroom overheads. The system is designed to be
                 portable and inexpensive to enable widespread usage in
                 the nation's university classrooms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Waller:1994:FCC,
  author =       "William A. Waller",
  title =        "A framework for {CS1} and {CS2} laboratories",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "198--202",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191107",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The development and implementation of closed
                 laboratories in the undergraduate curriculum continues
                 to be an important trend in computer science education.
                 Most textbooks intended for use in CS1 and CS2 level
                 courses are now supplemented with closed laboratory
                 manuals. Many instructors have reported efforts to
                 incorporate closed labs into other courses as well. The
                 National Science Foundation has funded several projects
                 of both local and national scope aimed at promoting the
                 integration of closed laboratories into the
                 undergraduate curriculum. In this paper we describe the
                 experimental authorware system PHIL, which is designed
                 to create laboratory exercises for computer science
                 courses, particularly CS1 and CS2. The outputs of this
                 system are interactive MS Windows ``laboratory''
                 documents, which guide students through a series of
                 activities and questions. These activities and
                 questions are presented via windows which provide the
                 students with objectives, instructions, and different
                 types of controls for student responses (such as text
                 edit fields). Activity windows can be linked with
                 useful external applications, such as compilers,
                 through buttons to permit easy access. Menu choices
                 allow the student to save and retrieve lab documents
                 from disk, as well as print equivalent hard-copy
                 versions of the documents. Authors using the system can
                 create new lab programs by customizing and recombining
                 pre-existing activities, or can create entirely new
                 activities based on predefined templates. The PHL
                 system is based on parallel hierarchies of lab activity
                 objects developed using Borland C++ and ObjectWindows,
                 the Borland framework for creating MS Windows
                 applications. The goals of this system are to encourage
                 reuse of lab material developed for CS1 and CS2
                 courses, to provide a convenient and extensible
                 environment for developing CS lab material, and to
                 provide a stimulating and sophisticated closed lab
                 environment for lower division CS courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Prince:1994:GGT,
  author =       "Charles Prince and Roger L. Wainwright and Dale A.
                 Schoenefeld and Travis Tull",
  title =        "{GATutor}: a graphical tutorial system for genetic
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "203--207",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191119",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper we discuss the design and implementation
                 of GATutor, a graphical tutorial system for genetic
                 algorithms (GA). The X Window/Motif system provides
                 powerful tools for the development of a user interfaces
                 with a familiar feel and look. We implemented the
                 Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the Set Covering
                 Problem (SCP) as two example GA problems in the
                 tutorial. The TSP problem uses an order-based
                 chromosome representation (permutation of n objects),
                 while the SCP uses bit strings. The user has numerous
                 buttons to select the GA parameters. These include (a)
                 type of initial population: random or from a file, (b)
                 mode: steady-state or generational, (c) population
                 size, (d) maximum number of generations or trials, (e)
                 generation gap, (f) selection mode, (g) selection bias,
                 (h) selection of the crossover operation from a choice
                 of several possibilities, (i) mutation method, (j)
                 mutation rate, (k) replacement method, (l), elitism,
                 etc. The user has the ability to do a step by step
                 execution or to do a continuous run. The screen layout
                 provides visual representation of the chromosomes in
                 the population with the ability to scroll. This gives
                 the user the option of varying one or two GA parameters
                 to visually see the effect on the algorithm. One of
                 most important features of this tutorial is the set of
                 help screens that explain, with examples, all of the
                 options for each of the GA parameters. This package has
                 already been very useful for teaching the fundamental
                 features of GAs in many different courses, and it has
                 been very valuable in our GA research projects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Blythe:1994:LLV,
  author =       "Stephen A. Blythe and Michael C. James and Susan H.
                 Rodger",
  title =        "{LLparse} and {LRparse}: visual and interactive tools
                 for parsing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "208--212",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191121",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes instructional tools, LLparse and
                 LRparse, for visualizing and interacting with small
                 examples of LL and LR parsing. These tools can be used
                 to understand the process of constructing LL(1) and
                 LR(1) parse tables through a series of steps in which
                 users receive feedback on the correctness of each step
                 before moving on to the next step. For example, in
                 LRparse, the user initially enters an LR(1) grammar,
                 calculates FIRST and FOLLOW sets, graphically
                 constructs a deterministic finite automaton of item
                 sets, and finally constructs the LR(1) parsing table.
                 Upon completion of the constructed table, the user can
                 observe a visualization of the parsing of input
                 strings. These tools can be used to provide problem
                 solving feedback in courses on automata theory or
                 compiler design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Heck:1994:DPP,
  author =       "Patrick Heck",
  title =        "Dynamic programming for pennies a day",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "213--217",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191122",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "An elegant solution to a fun problem is presented as a
                 way to introduce dynamic programming. This problem, the
                 Nine Tails, can be used as an introductory supplement
                 to the traditional examples offered in many textbooks
                 which cover dynamic programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Dooley:1994:CV,
  author =       "John F. Dooley and Daniel C. {St. Clair} and William
                 E. Bond",
  title =        "Computing $ \chi^2 $ values",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "218--222",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191124",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Textbooks and courses on numerical algorithms contain
                 numerous examples which lead students to believe that
                 the algorithm of choice for computing the zeros of a
                 function f(x) is Newton's algorithm. In many of these
                 courses little or no time is spent in providing
                 students with ``real world'' experiences where Newton's
                 method fails. The work presented in this paper
                 describes a slow convergence problem encountered while
                 trying to use Newton to estimate values for the $
                 \chi^2 $ distribution. The problem occurred while the
                 authors were trying to implement a well-known machine
                 learning algorithm from the field of artificial
                 intelligence. The function being evaluated and the
                 convergence problem with Newton's method is described.
                 Numerical results are given that indicate that a hybrid
                 algorithm consisting of Newton and the nonderivative
                 bisection algorithm not only provides good results but
                 quickly and consistently converges.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wolz:1994:IMP,
  author =       "Ursula Wolz and Edward Conjura",
  title =        "Integrating mathematics and programming into a three
                 tiered model for computer science education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "223--227",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191126",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Khuri:1994:IGR,
  author =       "Sami Khuri",
  title =        "Intractability: a geometric representation",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "228--232",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191127",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper introduces a geometric representation that
                 can be applied to illustrate the complexity of some
                 combinatorial optimization problems. In this work, it
                 is applied to the 0/1 knapsack problem and to a special
                 case of a scheduling problem. This representation gives
                 insight into the difference between tractable and
                 intractable problems. It can therefore be used as a
                 stepping stone to compare polynomial (P) and
                 nondeterministic polynomial (NP) problems, before
                 venturing into the world of NP-completeness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gersting:1994:SEF,
  author =       "Judith L. Gersting",
  title =        "A software engineering ``frosting'' on a traditional
                 {CS}-1 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "233--237",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191129",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Astrachan:1994:SRI,
  author =       "Owen Astrachan",
  title =        "Self-reference is an illustrative essential",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "238--242",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191131",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper includes an abstract, a discussion of the
                 usefulness of self-reference in early computer science
                 courses, and some examples to illustrate this
                 usefulness. Most readers will not be troubled by this
                 example of self-referential writing. Why then is
                 self-reference, usually in the form of recursive
                 subprograms, thought to be so onerous as to be placed
                 in its own left-until-the-end-and-often-uncovered
                 chapter in most introductory texts? Self-reference is
                 one of the cornerstones of computer science from the
                 unsolvability of the halting problem, to writing a
                 Pascal compiler in Pascal, to reveling in the beauty of
                 Quicksort. We argue that the notion of self-reference
                 should permeate first courses in computer science. If
                 this is to be the case such courses should take a view
                 far broader than ``Wow, I can average 10 numbers with
                 the skills I learned in my first programming
                 course!''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bruce:1994:AKB,
  author =       "Kim B. Bruce",
  title =        "Attracting ({\&} keeping) the best and the brightest:
                 an entry-level course for experienced introductory
                 students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "243--247",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191132",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper addresses the design of an exciting
                 introductory course for entering college students who
                 have some programming background. The key innovation of
                 the course is the introduction of material pertaining
                 to experimental graph reduction and dataflow
                 architectures for highly-parallel computers. The
                 success of the course is attributed to interesting,
                 well-integrated material and the use of
                 visually-oriented interactive simulators for the
                 architectures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kushan:1994:PPT,
  author =       "Barbara Kushan",
  title =        "Preparing programming teachers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "248--252",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191134",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lelewer:1994:SCC,
  author =       "Debra A. Lelewer",
  title =        "A seminar course in computer ethics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "253--257",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191136",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the transformation of a required
                 Senior Seminar course. The transformed course
                 emphasizes ethical, social, political, legal, and
                 economic aspects of computing. In addition, the new
                 rendition of the course increases the requirement for
                 oral and written communication. We describe the
                 previous definition of the course, goals of the
                 redesign, and students' reactions to both the new and
                 old versions. To this author's surprise, student
                 satisfaction is higher with the new course, although it
                 requires more of them. We discuss course organization,
                 and suggest assignments and teaching strategy. The
                 course was a joy to teach and, fortunately, a very
                 pleasant and meaningful experience for the students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Clarke:1994:PPG,
  author =       "Valerie A. Clarke and G. Joy Teague",
  title =        "A psychological perspective on gender differences in
                 computing participation",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "258--262",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191137",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Any observant teacher of computer science at secondary
                 or post-secondary level in an English-speaking country
                 has probably noticed that there are considerably more
                 boys than girls in the class. Many are concerned that
                 there are able girls who would enjoy the challenge of a
                 computing career who are choosing not to study computer
                 science, students who may be more capable than many of
                 the boys selecting these studies. The aim of this paper
                 is to look at some of the factors which may influences
                 the students' decisions to study computer science: the
                 nature of the workforce, the prevalence of male and
                 female role models, stereotyping of computing careers,
                 culturally specific factors, perceived gender
                 differences in ability, attitudes to computing, the
                 organization of computing classes, approaches to
                 assessment, and mentoring.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Moore:1994:ASC,
  author =       "Thomas Moore and Michael Wick and Blaine Peden",
  title =        "Assessing student's critical thinking skills and
                 attitudes toward computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "263--267",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191139",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This report describes several evaluation procedures
                 used to assess the effectiveness of a newly-developed
                 introductory computer science curriculum. The authors
                 describe the development of a tool to evaluate changes
                 in student's attitudes toward the computer science
                 discipline. The process used to develop this survey is
                 presented, along with several interesting preliminary
                 results. The authors also describe the use of an
                 existing tool in the evaluation of the development of
                 student's critical thinking skills.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hafen:1994:DWS,
  author =       "Marguerite Hafen",
  title =        "Developing writing skills in computer science
                 students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "268--270",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191141",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lopez:1994:URP,
  author =       "Antonio M. {Lopez, Jr.} and Kenneth C. {Messa, Jr.}",
  title =        "An undergraduate research program in multi-paradigm
                 software design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "271--275",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191142",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tymann:1994:DUS,
  author =       "Paul T. Tymann and Douglas Lea and Rajendra K. Raj",
  title =        "Developing an undergraduate software engineering
                 program in a liberal arts college",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "276--280",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191143",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Rifkin:1994:EIE,
  author =       "Adam Rifkin",
  title =        "{eText}: an interactive environment for learning
                 parallel programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "281--285",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191145",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "How can parallel programming be made tractable for
                 students in high schools and community colleges, to
                 programmers in four-year colleges, to commercial and
                 government employees, to interested independent users
                 learning on their own, and as CASE tools for
                 professional software designers? We aim not only to
                 enable people to use more powerful computers, but also
                 to enable people to use computers more powerfully, by
                 nurturing the techniques that enable them to develop
                 efficient, correct code with relative ease. This paper
                 briefly presents the concept of an Archetype, a
                 software engineering methodology developed at the
                 Caltech for patterns of problem solving, and for
                 providing media for quick reference and natural
                 software reuse. We then describe eText, an interactive
                 multimedia electronic textbook that facilitates the
                 teaching of, navigating through, and referring to
                 Archetypes. Initial experience with Archetypes and the
                 electronic textbook suggests that this approach to
                 teaching parallel programming can aid computer users in
                 the immediate future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Finkel:1994:TCH,
  author =       "David Finkel and Chet Hooker and Scott Salvidio and
                 Mark Sullivan and Christopher Thomas",
  title =        "Teaching {C++} to high school students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "286--289",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191151",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "C++ was used to teach programming to beginning
                 programming students in a summer program for
                 high-ability high school students. We discuss the
                 reasons for choosing C++, how we presented it to this
                 group of students, and the results of this experiment.
                 Some suggestions are presented for others interested in
                 teaching C++ to novice programmers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Baldwin:1994:TFI,
  author =       "Doug Baldwin and Greg Scragg and Hans Koomen",
  title =        "A three-fold introduction to computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "290--294",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191153",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We have developed a new introduction to the computer
                 science major, consisting of two courses, called
                 Science of Computing 1 and Science of Computing 2. This
                 sequence emphasizes balanced development of basic
                 abilities in all three of computer science's
                 fundamental methods of inquiry (design, theory, and
                 empirical analysis), as opposed to the more traditional
                 emphasis on programming and data structures. Science of
                 Computing 1 introduces students to all three methods of
                 inquiry, in the context of recursive algorithms and
                 their mathematical and experimental analysis. Science
                 of Computing 2 extends, and provides extensive practice
                 in, all three methods. Both courses use a strongly
                 hands-on approach to demonstrate the importance of, and
                 interactions between, the three methods of inquiry.
                 Preliminary results indicate that these courses
                 successfully teach basic design, theory, and empirical
                 analysis, and encourage students to continue studying
                 computer science at a rate as high as or higher than
                 that of traditional introductory courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Biermann:1994:THM,
  author =       "Alan W. Biermann and Amr F. Fahmy and Curry Guinn and
                 David Pennock and Dietolf Ramm and Peter Wu",
  title =        "Teaching a hierarchical model of computation with
                 animation software in the first course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "295--299",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191154",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pattis:1994:TEF,
  author =       "Richard E. Pattis",
  title =        "Teaching {EBNF} first in {CS 1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "300--303",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191155",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper is a guided tour through the first day of a
                 CS 1 course. It discusses teaching Extended Backus-Naur
                 Form (EBNF) as the first topic-not to facilitate
                 presenting the syntax of a programming language, but
                 because EBNF is a microcosm of programming. With no
                 prerequisites, students are introduced to a variety of
                 fundamental concepts in programming: formal systems,
                 abstraction, control structures, equivalence of
                 descriptions, the difference between syntax and
                 semantics, and the relative power of recursion versus
                 iteration. As a non-numeric formal system, EBNF
                 provides a small but concrete context in which to study
                 all these topics. EBNF descriptions include abstraction
                 (named rules) and the four fundamental control
                 structures (sequence, decision, repetition, and
                 recursion). Because there are no data or parameters in
                 EBNF, it is easy to sidestep tricky issues surrounding
                 variables, scope, assignment statements, and parameter
                 modes. Describing entitles in EBNF is similar to
                 describing computations in a programming language.
                 Students learn to read a description and analyze
                 whether it generates/matches candidate symbols; then
                 they learn to synthesize descriptions from English
                 specifications, augmented by legal and illegal
                 exemplars of symbols. All these concepts can be covered
                 in one lecture, establishing a high level of formality
                 early in the course, while foreshadowing actual
                 programming language features and techniques to be
                 covered later. Of course, learning EBNF also
                 facilitates presenting the syntax of a programming
                 language concisely during the rest of the course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sabin:1994:CLI,
  author =       "Roberta Evans Sabin and Edward P. Sabin",
  title =        "Collaborative learning in an introductory computer
                 science course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "304--308",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191156",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "An experiment in collaborative learning was conducted
                 in two introductory programming courses at Loyola
                 College in Maryland. Data collected included background
                 information on students; course evaluations; and before
                 and after measures on programming knowledge and
                 attitudes. The collaborative learning class showed more
                 improvement pre-test to post-test than did the control
                 class and rated the course somewhat higher. Attitudes
                 of both groups towards the field of computing and
                 towards the value of group discussion in class were
                 more resistant to change.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wills:1994:PLI,
  author =       "Craig E. Wills and David Finkel and Michael A. Gennert
                 and Matthew O. Ward",
  title =        "Peer learning in an introductory computer science
                 course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "309--313",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191157",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A problem in teaching large introductory computer
                 science courses is to overcome the impersonality of the
                 large lecture class and to provide more personal
                 attention to individual students. Our approach is to
                 use peer learning experiences to instill in students
                 the need to take responsibility for their learning and
                 for the learning of those around them. Recent work has
                 shown that educational quality for students and
                 productivity for faculty can be enhanced through use of
                 peer-learning environments where students do not just
                 learn and faculty do not just teach. The novel aspects
                 of our work are to apply group learning in a large
                 introductory computer science class setting and to
                 expect more responsibility on the part of students for
                 their learning. In support of these goals we have
                 introduced the use of upper-level undergraduate
                 students to help facilitate student group interaction.
                 In addition, we have developed software to minimize the
                 administrative overhead of handling many groups and for
                 students to electronically record group learning
                 activities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sullivan:1994:RPR,
  author =       "Sarah L. Sullivan",
  title =        "Reciprocal peer reviews",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "314--318",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191158",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Reciprocal peer reviews empower students to master
                 computer science concepts. This industry practice
                 employs peer-to-peer communication within an egoless
                 team structure. As pedagogy, reviews provide a
                 human-interaction laboratory setting where students:
                 hone teamwork and communication skills, master the peer
                 review process, and learn to learn from each other.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tewari:1994:OOL,
  author =       "Rajiv Tewari and David Gitlin",
  title =        "On object-oriented libraries in the undergraduate
                 curriculum: importance and effectiveness",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "319--323",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191159",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "As the object-oriented paradigm becomes increasingly
                 important in the computer science curriculum, educators
                 will face a new set of challenges and issues. One of
                 these new issues will be the role that programming
                 libraries should assume in teaching both software
                 engineering methodologies and recurring concepts in
                 computer science. Object-oriented languages place a
                 strong emphasis on both code and design reuse, and data
                 abstraction via encapsulation, in order to model
                 complex problem domains. Libraries provide the primary
                 technology for reuse and storage of modules. As a
                 result, they assume great importance in this
                 programming methodology. This paper explores
                 pedagogical issues related to object-oriented class
                 libraries and presents empirical evidence based on an
                 exploratory study conducted by us. Experimental results
                 indicate the superiority of object-oriented class
                 libraries in writing data-structure intensive
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Holt:1994:IUO,
  author =       "Richard C. Holt",
  title =        "Introducing undergraduates to object orientation using
                 the {Turing} language",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "324--328",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191160",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Object-oriented programming was introduced in the
                 1980s and is now being used extensively in industry,
                 but academia has not generally included it as a main
                 stream topic for instruction. Part of the difficulty is
                 the lack of good software to support teaching of object
                 orientation. This paper describes an approach that
                 teaches OO concepts across the Computer Science
                 undergraduate curriculum, beginning in the introductory
                 course, using the Object-Oriented Turing system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Meter:1994:EST,
  author =       "Glenn Meter and Philip Miller",
  title =        "Engaging Students and Teaching Modern Concepts:
                 Literate, Situated, Object-Oriented Programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "329--333",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191161;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/191029.191161",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-646-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-646-2",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse1994.html#MeterM94;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/litprog.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/1994.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes our experience in using situated
                 programming to deliver modern computer science concepts
                 in the introductory programming course at Carnegie
                 Mellon University. We used an artificial life
                 simulation and taught object-oriented programming as
                 well as more traditional material. The course was an
                 experience, not an experiment, since many aspects of
                 the course simultaneously changed from prior offerings.
                 Nevertheless, what we saw was fundamental and
                 potentially far-reaching. The most important result was
                 that students were intellectually engaged. They came to
                 grips with basic object-oriented programming, they
                 mastered the topics of procedural programming, they
                 learned first hand about computer simulation, they
                 learned perhaps a bit about biology. Most importantly,
                 through it all they used programming to express and
                 explore their own powerful and novel ideas.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sch. of Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C0220 (Education and training); C6110J
                 (Object-oriented programming); C6185 (Simulation
                 techniques)",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  keywords =     "Artificial life simulation; Carnegie Mellon; Computer
                 science concepts; Computer simulation; Introductory
                 programming course; Literate programming; Modern
                 concepts; Object-oriented programming; Procedural
                 programming; Situated programming",
  thesaurus =    "Computer science education; Digital simulation;
                 Object-oriented programming; Teaching",
}

@Article{House:1994:ASC,
  author =       "Donald House and David Levine",
  title =        "The art and science of computer graphics: a very
                 depth-first approach to the non-majors course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "334--338",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191162",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a course in computer graphics
                 which is designed for students with little or no
                 background in computer science. The course is centered
                 around custom software which was designed with the
                 pedagogical goals in mind. The goals of the course, the
                 software, and some experiences at two institutions are
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Khuri:1994:UBS,
  author =       "Sami Khuri and Jason Williams",
  title =        "Understanding the bottom-up {SLR} parser",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "339--343",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191163",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an application of one of the
                 important abstract concepts taught in a compiler
                 construction course. It demonstrates how the techniques
                 behind the bottom-up SLR parser can be used to perform
                 computer animation. The different phases of the
                 implementation presented are identical to the ones used
                 by the traditional compiler for parsing source codes
                 written in high-level languages. This application can
                 be used either to explain the different phases of the
                 traditional compiler, or as an illustration of the
                 bottom-up SLR parsing techniques applied in a
                 non-traditional environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartley:1994:AOS,
  author =       "Stephen J. Hartley",
  title =        "Animating operating systems algorithms with {XTANGO}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "344--348",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191164",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In operating systems courses, students study the major
                 algorithms used in operating systems to manage the
                 various objects and resources in a computing system:
                 processes, files, buffer space, processors, messages,
                 main memory, semaphores, and disk storage. Various
                 classical synchronization problems such as the dining
                 philosophers, the readers and writers, and the
                 producers and consumers with bounded buffer are also
                 analyzed. Even though the computing systems being
                 studied are getting more and more powerful, these
                 algorithms and classical problems are usually analyzed
                 using blackboard, chalk, pencil, and paper. This paper
                 describes an X-windows based package called xtango that
                 was used to animate some of the algorithms and
                 classical problems studied in operating systems. One
                 animation typical of those that have been developed is
                 presented. Students can use these animations during
                 study outside the classroom for a better understanding
                 of the algorithms. Instructors can use the animations
                 to facilitate the presentation of the algorithms in the
                 classroom.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Katsinis:1994:DMP,
  author =       "Constantine Katsinis",
  title =        "The development of a multi-processor personal computer
                 in a senior computer design laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "349--352",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191165",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the development of a senior
                 computer design laboratory, the purpose of which is to
                 provide an environment where the computer design
                 experience is as realistic and complete as possible for
                 each student. In this laboratory, which is required for
                 the whole senior year, students undertake the design of
                 a CPU-based system that may be stand-alone or a part of
                 another system. The design effort is as complete as
                 possible, starting with a development proposal,
                 including the hardware design and construction, and
                 development of all necessary software in the C
                 language, and concluding with extensive documentation.
                 Thus, the students are encouraged to put to use a
                 considerable amount of knowledge acquired in previous
                 courses including computer architecture and
                 interfacing, algorithm, languages and operating
                 systems. They become members in groups that design
                 components, with complexity approaching levels found in
                 commercial products and are well prepared to become
                 computer engineers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Duckworth:1994:IPP,
  author =       "R. James Duckworth",
  title =        "Introducing parallel processing concepts using the
                 {MASPAR MP}-1 computer",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "353--356",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191166",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{John:1994:NSP,
  author =       "David J. John",
  title =        "{NSF} supported projects: parallel computation as an
                 integrated component in the undergraduate curriculum in
                 computer science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "357--361",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191167",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kmoch:1994:CUS,
  author =       "Joseph W. Kmoch and Mark Stehlik",
  title =        "The creation and use of scoring standards (rubrics):
                 experiences with the advanced placement computer
                 science exam (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "362--363",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191168",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Owens:1994:NMC,
  author =       "Barbara Boucher Owens and Robert D. Cupper and Stuart
                 Hirshfield and Walter Potter and Richard Salter",
  title =        "New models for the {CS1} course: what are they and are
                 they leading to the same place?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "364--365",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191169",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Proulx:1994:UGP,
  author =       "Viera Proulx and Harriet Fell and Richard Rasala and
                 Johannes A. G. M. Koomen and Carol W. Wilson",
  title =        "Using graphical presentation techniques in closed
                 laboratory exercises (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "366",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191170",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The panelists will share their experiences in
                 developing closed laboratory exercises for lower level
                 CS courses with particular emphasis on using graphical
                 presentation techniques as a pedological and
                 motivational tool. The use of interactive animations
                 and visualization is combined with structured support
                 for the student programmer to provide an apprentice
                 style learning environment. Three major threads form
                 the backbone of this curriculum. The first is the use
                 of interactive animations and experimentation programs
                 to introduce and illustrate dynamic processes --- e.g.,
                 algorithm behavior, or changes in data structures over
                 a period of time. The second thread is the use of
                 graphics in student programs, not only as motivation,
                 but also as a visual feedback and debugging tool. The
                 third thread trying all together is the extensive use
                 of model programs, shell drivers, toolkits, and
                 procedures that encapsulate abstractions. These
                 programming tools support the apprentice style of
                 learning and illustrate good software design and
                 practice throughout the curriculum.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Moses:1994:TFW,
  author =       "Louise E. Moses and Rachelle D. Isles and Frances
                 Grundy and Danielle R. Bernstein and Valerie A. Clarke
                 and G. Joy Teague",
  title =        "Too few women! Too few minorities! What can we do?
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "367--368",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191171",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Walker:1994:DCF,
  author =       "Henry M. Walker and Kim Bruce and James Bradley and
                 Tom Whaley",
  title =        "Describing the {CS} forest to undergraduates
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "369--370",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191172",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chapman:1994:CSA,
  author =       "Gail Chapman and Sarah Fix and Owen Astrachan and
                 Joseph Kmoch and Michael Clancy",
  title =        "Case studies in the advanced placement computer
                 science curriculum (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "371",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191173",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shaffer:1994:OIT,
  author =       "Dale Shaffer and George J. Davis and Keith Jolly and
                 Martyn Roberts and Miriam Roy",
  title =        "Opportunities in international teacher exchanges
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "372",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191174",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cook:1994:TIA,
  author =       "Dave Cook and Eugene Bingue",
  title =        "Tutorial introduction to {Ada 9X} (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "373",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191175",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Arnow:1994:TTD,
  author =       "David Arnow and Owen Astrachan and James Kiper and
                 Robert Workman and Paula Whitlock and Brent Auernheimer
                 and John Rager",
  title =        "Themes and tapestries: a diversity of approaches to
                 computer science for liberal arts students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "374--375",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191176",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Granger:1994:CCE,
  author =       "Mary J. Granger and Mary R. Vorgert and Joyce Currie
                 Little and Lois Zells",
  title =        "Creating an {I}-{CASE} environment (abstract):
                 pitfalls and promises",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "376--377",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191178",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Troeger:1994:TFM,
  author =       "Douglas R. Troeger",
  title =        "Tutorial-formal methods in the first course
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "378",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191180",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Impagliazzo:1994:IPC,
  author =       "John Impagliazzo and J. Dennis Bjornson and Dennis J.
                 Frailey and Jeanette Horan and Gerald H. Thomas",
  title =        "An industry perspective on computer science
                 accreditation (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "379--380",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191182",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kay:1994:AGA,
  author =       "David G. Kay and Terry Scott and Peter Isaacson and
                 Kenneth A. Reek",
  title =        "Automated grading assistance for student programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "381--382",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191184",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Berman:1994:UCC,
  author =       "A. Michael Berman and Rick Decker and Dung X. Nguyen
                 and Richard J. Reid and Eugene Wallingford",
  title =        "Using {C++} in {CS1\slash CS2}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "383--384",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191186",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McCormick:1994:TAB,
  author =       "John W. McCormick and Fintan Culwin and Nicholas J.
                 DeLillo and Michael B. Feldman and Richard Pattis and
                 Walter J. Savitch",
  title =        "Teaching {Ada} by the book: the pedagogy of {Ada} in
                 {CS1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "385--386",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191187",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Epstein:1994:MAD,
  author =       "Steven Epstein and Marla Fischer and Forouzan Golshani
                 and Catherine Ricardo",
  title =        "Multimedia across the disciplines",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "387--388",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191189",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The use of multimedia, including voice, music, text,
                 still images, and full motion video is becoming more
                 and more widespread in education at all levels. Faculty
                 must consider how to utilize the power of this
                 technology to motivate students and to improve
                 learning. The presenters will discuss how they have
                 developed and used multimedia to enhance classroom
                 presentations in various disciplines and how students
                 have responded to this new technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kallman:1994:TEC,
  author =       "Ernest A. Kallman and John P. Grillo",
  title =        "Teaching ethics in {IS} courses (abstract): everything
                 you always wanted to know but were afraid to ask",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "389",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191190",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{DeLoatch:1994:SCS,
  author =       "Sandra J. DeLoatch and Ernest C. Ackermann and John
                 Urquhart and Lynn Ziegler",
  title =        "Scaling up computer science with efficient learning
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "390--391",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191192",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McCauley:1994:OIT,
  author =       "Ren{\'e}e A. McCauley and Evans J. Adams and Donald
                 Gotterbarn and Linda M. Northrop and Hossein Saiedian
                 and Stuart Zweben",
  title =        "Organizational issues in teaching project-oriented
                 software engineering courses (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "392--393",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191198",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Brown:1994:TTH,
  author =       "David W. Brown and Michael A. Sheets and Randy L.
                 Myers and Jeremy A. Freed and Allan Cameron and
                 Patricia Amavisca and Theresa Cuprak and Brian Pollack
                 and Chris Stephenson",
  title =        "A tale of two high school computer science programs
                 and how the {ACM} model high school computer science
                 curriculum may shape their future (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "394--395",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191200",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hirshfield:1994:OOP,
  author =       "Stuart Hirshfield and Owen Astrachan and John Barr and
                 Karen Donnelly and David Levine and Mark McGinn",
  title =        "Object-oriented programming (abstract): how to ``scale
                 up'' {CS 1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "396",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191203",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Scott:1994:HII,
  author =       "Thomas J. Scott and Ralph B. {Bisland, Jr.} and Lee H.
                 Tichenor and James H. {Cross II}",
  title =        "Handling interpersonal issues for student team
                 projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "397--398",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191205",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Nevison:1994:TPC,
  author =       "Chris Nevison",
  title =        "Teaching parallel computing on a message-passing
                 architecture (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "399",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191207",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Miller:1994:FPI,
  author =       "Philip Miller and Michael J. Clancy and Andrea A.
                 diSessa and Jeremy Roschelle and Michael Eisenberg and
                 Mark Guzdial and Elliot Soloway and Mitchel Resnick",
  title =        "The future of programming instruction (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "400",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191029.191208;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191208",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-646-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-646-2",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse1994.html#MillerCdREGSR94;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/common-lisp.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Compiler/common-lisp.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/1994.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Carnegie Mellon Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Pittsburgh, USA",
  classification = "721.1; 723.1; 723.1.1; 723.5; 901.2",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  journalabr =   "SIGCSE Bull",
  keywords =     "Common Lisp; Computational linguistics; Computational
                 media; Computational thought; Computer aided
                 instruction; Computer programming; Computer programming
                 languages; Curriculum; High level languages; Lisp
                 (programming language); Programming courses;
                 Programming instruction; Teaching",
}

@Article{Caristi:1994:ACS,
  author =       "James Caristi and Nell Dale and Bill Marion and Joe
                 Turner",
  title =        "Assessment in computer science (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "401--402",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191210",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Klee:1994:AWN,
  author =       "Karl Klee and Richard Austing and Robert Campbell and
                 Joyce Currie Little",
  title =        "Articulation: who needs it? your students do!
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "403",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191212",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Smith:1994:LSF,
  author =       "Wayne D. Smith",
  title =        "A laboratory to support a first course in data
                 communications using personal computers and {Turbo
                 Pascal} (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "404",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191213",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Barker:1994:CTB,
  author =       "Keith Barker and Andrew P. Bernat and Robert D. Cupper
                 and Charles F. Kelemen and Allen B. Tucker",
  title =        "Class testing the breadth-first curriculum (abstract):
                 summary results for courses {I}-{IV}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "405--406",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191214",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fowler:1994:ECI,
  author =       "W. A. Lawrence Fowler and R. H. Fowler",
  title =        "An environment for {CS} integrating hypertext, program
                 design and language facilities (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "407",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191216",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hastings:1994:SAI,
  author =       "David Hastings",
  title =        "A scalable approach to integrating object oriented
                 programming into the undergraduate liberal arts
                 curriculum (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "407",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191220",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lodgher:1994:PAT,
  author =       "Akhtar Lodgher and Hisham Al-Haddad",
  title =        "A practical approach for teaching reuse in a data
                 structures course using {Ada} (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "407",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191223",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Green:1994:TTS,
  author =       "Jim Green and Stacey B. Zaremba",
  title =        "A target tracking system applied to swimming rats: an
                 interdisciplinary project in computer science and
                 psychology (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "408",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191330",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jessup:1994:TPC,
  author =       "Peter G. Jessup",
  title =        "Teaching parallel computing with Multi-Pascal
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "408",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191329",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{McNally:1994:VSA,
  author =       "Myles F. McNally",
  title =        "Visualization of sorting algorithms (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "408",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191328",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Walker:1994:CSL,
  author =       "David K. Walker and Hamid Chahryar and James W. Moore
                 and David S. Tucker",
  title =        "Computer science lecture room demonstration experiment
                 in event counting (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "408",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191327",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Almstrum:1994:RRC,
  author =       "Vicki L. Almstrum and Cheng-Chih Wu and Debra Burton",
  title =        "A resource for research in computer science education:
                 the {CSedRes} toolbox (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "409",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191331",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Berard:1994:UTS,
  author =       "Anthony D. {Berard, Jr.}",
  title =        "Using the {TOPAS} solid modeling and animation system
                 to animate science models (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "409",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191334",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Nohl:1994:UPA,
  author =       "Daniel E. Nohl",
  title =        "Using profiling to analyze algorithms (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "409",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191335",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Smith:1994:PPA,
  author =       "Harry F. Smith",
  title =        "In pursuit of parallelism (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "409",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191332",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Brooks:1994:APM,
  author =       "Marc W. Brooks and John R. Chang and Ryan C. Horner
                 and David W. Brown",
  title =        "Analysis of personal mail attributes in a computer
                 mediated communication environment (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "410",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191339",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Brown:1994:HSP,
  author =       "David W. Brown",
  title =        "High school participation in the Association for
                 Computing Machinery (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "410",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191337",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ford:1994:RGH,
  author =       "Matthew A. Ford and Elise N. Cassidente and J. Suzanne
                 Rothrock and David W. Brown and Daniel Miller",
  title =        "The role of gender in high school computer mediated
                 communication (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "410",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191341",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Sheets:1994:CUV,
  author =       "Michael A. Sheets and Michael A. Vance and Jeremy A.
                 Freed and David W. Brown",
  title =        "{Compuquake}: upheaval of a virtual community
                 (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "410",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/191033.191342",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jarc:1994:DSU,
  author =       "Duane J. Jarc",
  title =        "Data structures: a unified view",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--4",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181651",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Whether teaching data structures at the elementary or
                 advanced level, it is helpful for students to see the
                 various data structures as parts of a unified whole.
                 The unified view discussed in this paper categorizes
                 data structures into four levels of increasing
                 abstraction. It emphasizes the relative nature of
                 abstraction and representation---what is an abstraction
                 at one level can also be viewed as the representation
                 for another abstraction at a higher level.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tinkham:1994:SOT,
  author =       "Nancy Lynn Tinkham and Darren F. Provine",
  title =        "The stage one {Turing} test as an artificial
                 intelligence class exercise",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--8",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181652",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an implementation of the
                 man-woman Turing test as a class exercise in an
                 artificial intelligence course. The exercise helps
                 students to understand more clearly the difficulties
                 and challenges involved in designing an artificially
                 intelligent computer to pass the more famous
                 person-computer Turing test.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bloom:1994:SSC,
  author =       "Bard Bloom and Alan Fekete",
  title =        "Self-sufficiency and critical thinking in the
                 programming languages course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--18",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181654",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe a project in a standard course in
                 Programming Languages. This project forces students to
                 display self-sufficiency and critical thinking skills.
                 The students are given the documentation and
                 interpreter for {\tt smeagol}, a small invented
                 language which resembles the control language for many
                 text-processors, spreadsheets, and so forth. They are
                 expected to learn (within two days) enough to write
                 working non-trivial programs. They then must write an
                 evaluation of the language, documentation, and system.
                 In this paper, we explain many specific features of the
                 project, and discuss its effectiveness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gueraud:1994:SEC,
  author =       "V. Gueraud and J. P. Cagnat and J. P. David and J. P.
                 Pernin",
  title =        "Software environments for computer aided education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19--25",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181656",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In the first part, we describe an example of an
                 hypermedia tool for education, the Arcade laboratory.
                 It illustrates our ideas about how to offer
                 complementary resources to both teacher and student. In
                 the second part, we analyze two kinds of production
                 environment. The first one (Smalltalk) is based on the
                 object-oriented approach: it reduces production work by
                 making it easy to reuse predefined components, but it
                 requires a good programming ability. The second one
                 uses hypermedia software (HyperCard, ToolBook): it lets
                 users produce small applications, even with a very
                 minimal programming ability. In the last part, we
                 describe our approach to improve both kinds of
                 environment. Our final objective is to provide teachers
                 with simple tools to adapt existing applications, or
                 even to create new ones, so that they may easily
                 integrate computer aided education in their daily
                 practices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Garland:1994:ISC,
  author =       "Will Garland and Virginia Levsen",
  title =        "Information systems curricula in {AACSB} accredited
                 business schools",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--30",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181658",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Oliver:1994:SEP,
  author =       "Dave Oliver",
  title =        "Software engineering project work in combined distance
                 and on campus modes",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--35",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181660",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the delivery of a Software
                 Engineering subject taught in both Distance and On
                 Campus modes. Rotated group working and Computer
                 Mediated Communication were involved.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Yerion:1994:DNF,
  author =       "Kathie A. Yerion",
  title =        "The {Dutch National Flag Problem} revisited as an
                 introductory abstract data type",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36--40",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181661",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In Computer Science 2 or Data Structures courses, a
                 major topic is the concept of an abstract data type
                 (ADT). Students often have difficulty grasping this
                 concept in the beginning because of the abstractness of
                 ``a data object with operations performed on the
                 object.'' [2] An abstract data type based on a robot
                 sorting pebbles gives students much needed concreteness
                 for their initial exposure.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Stuart:1994:CPA,
  author =       "Brian L. Stuart",
  title =        "Connect 4 as a problem in artificial intelligence and
                 robotics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "41--46",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181662",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This report presents work done by the Artificial
                 Intelligence and Robotics class of Summer Scholars 1993
                 at Rhodes College. Summer Scholars provides college
                 credit for intensive two-week courses taken by high
                 school students. The goal of this course was to develop
                 software to play the game Connect 4 and to control a
                 robotic arm making the moves.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Magno:1994:NAC,
  author =       "Dominic Magno",
  title =        "A new approach to computer science in the community
                 college: negotiated teaching and learning",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "47--51",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181663",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kerner:1994:WCW,
  author =       "Janet T. Kerner and Kathy Vargas",
  title =        "Women and computers: what we can learn from science",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "52--56",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181664",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The phenomenon of pipeline leakage exhibited in the
                 field of computer science is also observed in all the
                 sciences and mathematics. We can take advantages of the
                 similarities between computer science and all the
                 sciences to share the knowledge that has been gained to
                 reverse this phenomenon. Two important factors that
                 have been identified are (i) the number of math and
                 science courses taken in high school and (ii) the view
                 that many young women have of careers in science and
                 computer science as being antisocial in nature. Our
                 program addresses these factors by exposing the young
                 women to the challenges of scientific and technical
                 topics and by making role models and mentors readily
                 accessible to young women who demonstrate an interest
                 in science. After the common factors have been
                 extracted to make all science more attainable and more
                 attractive to women, each of the individual sciences,
                 mathematics, and computer science can address any
                 problems that are unique to that field.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Silver:1994:MAD,
  author =       "Charles L. Silver",
  title =        "Mathematizing abstract data types",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "57--60",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181665",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Najera:1994:ITC,
  author =       "Jer{\'o}nimo N{\'a}jera and Luis G{\'o}mez",
  title =        "An instructed tool for cache coherence protocols",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "61--64",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/181648.181667",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Several protocols have been proposed in order to solve
                 the cache coherence problem. In all cases, it is very
                 difficult to understand how each algorithm works. The
                 tool ToCCata has been designed and developed to
                 graphically show the dynamic behavior of generic cache
                 coherence algorithms. ToCCata can be used for
                 pedagogical or demonstration purposes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Howatt:1994:CGS,
  author =       "James W. Howatt",
  title =        "On criteria for grading student programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--7",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187389",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Fulda:1994:NPI,
  author =       "Joseph S. Fulda",
  title =        "A note on physical implementations of logical
                 entities",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187390",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Trono:1994:NEC,
  author =       "John A. Trono",
  title =        "A new exercise in concurrency",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8--10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187391",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents an exercise to be assigned
                 whenever undergraduates are introduced to the concepts
                 of concurrency and semaphores. It also presents several
                 possible strategies to solve said exercise along with a
                 ``coded'' solution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Campbell:1994:GIS,
  author =       "Harold G. Campbell",
  title =        "Geographic information systems education for
                 non-computer oriented college students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--14",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187393",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chesnevar:1994:SPA,
  author =       "Carlos Iv{\'a}n Ches{\~n}evar",
  title =        "Some problems about {English--Spanish} translations in
                 computer science literature",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--ff.",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187395",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Navrat:1994:HPC,
  author =       "Pavol N{\'a}vrat",
  title =        "Hierarchies of programming concepts: abstraction,
                 generality, and beyond",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17--21",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187397",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This short note attempts to clarify some fundamental
                 relationships within the domain of programming
                 knowledge. In particular data concepts are discussed.
                 Our aim is to draw a clear distinction between
                 abstraction and generalization. Besides that attention
                 is given to the role of metaknowledge. Deeper
                 methodological understanding of these relationships is
                 crucial for all those studying and practicing
                 programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Velazquez-Iturbide:1994:MMD,
  author =       "J. {\'A}ngel Vel{\'a}zquez-Iturbide",
  title =        "A methodology for monitor development in concurrent
                 programs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22--28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187398",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Concurrent programming is one of the most difficult
                 programming paradigms; in consequence, innovative
                 methods and practical aids are necessary for a
                 successful instruction. This paper presents a
                 methodology for monitor development by joint use of
                 stepwise refinement and monitor schemes. A monitor is
                 developed in three stages, each one successively
                 dealing with a different part of its specification,
                 namely data abstraction specification, security
                 properties and liveness/priority properties. Guidance
                 is also obtained from some schemes for different parts
                 of a monitor. The methodology is applied to two well
                 known problems, the producer-consumer problem and the
                 dining philosophers problem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cull:1994:IQP,
  author =       "Paul Cull and Rajeev Pandey",
  title =        "Isomorphism and the {N}-Queens problem",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29--36",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187400",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The N-Queens problem is commonly used to teach the
                 programming technique of backtrack search. The N-Queens
                 problem may also be used to illustrate the important
                 concept of isomorphism. Here we show how the N-Queens
                 problem can be used as a vehicle to teach the concepts
                 of isomorphism, transformation groups or generators,
                 and equivalence classes. We indicate how these ideas
                 can be used in a programming exercise. We include a
                 bibliography of 29 papers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Guimaraes:1994:TSM,
  author =       "Jos{\'e} de Oliveira Guimar{\~a}es",
  title =        "Testing student-made compilers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "37--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187402",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents a few guidelines and examples
                 for testing Pascal compilers designed by students in
                 introductory courses. A standard Pascal subset with
                 little alteration is used, and the possible sources of
                 errors are divided into eight categories. Examples and
                 probable sources of error are exposed for each
                 category.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Styer:1994:DUS,
  author =       "Eugene Styer",
  title =        "On the design and use of a simulator for teaching
                 computer architecture",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--ff.",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187404",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Most Computer Architecture classes include discussions
                 of machine instructions and CPU internals, but not many
                 include input/output devices, either as part of that
                 course, or elsewhere in the program. This paper
                 discusses a simulator designed to allow students to
                 work with simulated I/O devices as a part of larger
                 machine simulator.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cartereau:1994:TOS,
  author =       "Michel Cartereau",
  title =        "A tool for operating system teaching",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "51--55",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187405",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a simulation tool designed to aid
                 operating system teaching. It is an example of software
                 for production of pedagogical simulations with a view
                 to cooperative learning. The presentation of its use
                 for teaching operating system shows its potential and
                 includes a description of the educational context and
                 the students' reactions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Freeman:1994:DST,
  author =       "Geoffrey Freeman",
  title =        "Do students test their software?",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "56--57",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187409",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Testing of computer systems, including software is an
                 important basic skill of any Computer Science graduate.
                 In this paper we look at how well a group of final year
                 Computer Science undergraduates tested a single routine
                 within a large programming project. We found that most
                 students adequately performed the testing for which
                 they were asked. However a significant number did not
                 fully test the ``obscure'' cases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shinners-Kennedy:1994:GDC,
  author =       "Dermot Shinners-Kennedy",
  title =        "A graduate diploma in computing",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "58--64",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/187387.187412",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In 1979 the Irish Government identified areas of
                 manpower shortages. One of the areas identified was
                 computing. The University of Limerick (UL) responded by
                 providing a one year full-time programme aimed at
                 honours graduates from all disciplines. The programme
                 has been running for more than a decade and has
                 achieved a high degree of success. This paper describes
                 the programme content and structure; provides some
                 statistics about the output and discusses other issues
                 regarding the provision of such programmes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gorgone:1994:ISC,
  author =       "J. T. Gorgone and J. D. Couger and G. Davis and D.
                 Feinstein and G. Kasper and J. Little and H. E.
                 Longenecker",
  title =        "Information systems curriculum --- a status report",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--4",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190651",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper provides a status report of the joint
                 curriculum task force effort to develop a new model
                 curriculum for undergraduate programs in Information
                 Systems. The curriculum work is the first collaborative
                 effort between ACM, AIS and DPMA. After a brief
                 description of the background and current task force
                 activities are presented, the recommended courses are
                 briefly listed and described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cunningham:1994:UCC,
  author =       "Sally Jo Cunningham",
  title =        "Using a computer conferencing system to support
                 writing and research skill development",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--8",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190652",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In recent years there has been a growing concern with
                 the low level of communication skills attained by
                 computer science graduates, coupled with a desire to
                 provide writing skills in the context of meaningful
                 computing experiences. This paper describes a course
                 project that attempts to address these issues. Students
                 prepared a series of computing ``experiments'', posted
                 each experiment in a local conferencing system, and
                 provided peer reviews of each others' work. The
                 advantages of submitting assignments through a
                 course-specific conferencing group include: increased
                 feedback on student work (from other students); a
                 generally higher level of self-editing; and an
                 opportunity for students to survey the work of other
                 students, both to gain a better understanding of
                 expected standards and to learn from the content of
                 each others' work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Enright:1994:ACA,
  author =       "Aaron Garth Enright and Linda M. Wilkens and James T.
                 Canning",
  title =        "An alternative computer architecture course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9--12",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190653",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Most computer architecture courses are geared toward
                 the classical von Neumann style of computer
                 architectures, mentioning only in passing other models
                 such as data flow computation. This is unfortunate, due
                 to the high degree of parallelism possible using data
                 flow. We present an alternative course, designed as an
                 elective in computer architecture for upper level
                 undergraduate or graduate students, that presents a
                 side-by-side comparison of von Neumann and data flow
                 architectures. Our teaching environment is based on
                 Simple Arithmetic SISAL (SAS), a subset of the
                 applicative programming language SISAL, which we
                 designed for both teaching about and research into data
                 flow architectures. SAS runs in a highly integrated
                 environment, allowing students to implement their
                 program on a von Neumann architecture, then observe its
                 execution through a data flow simulator. The
                 environment runs on a standard IBM-style personal
                 computer, providing a cost-effective platform for
                 presenting the course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hext:1994:MWP,
  author =       "Jan Hext",
  title =        "Mr {Waring}'s problem",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "13--16",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190654",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Stewart:1994:DSU,
  author =       "Carolee Stewart",
  title =        "Distributed systems in the undergraduate curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "17--20",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190655",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Much of the design and development for new computing
                 systems in the 1990's is being done in a networked
                 computing environment with distributed goals. So why do
                 so many 4-year college computer science departments
                 still not teach ``Distributed computing systems'' in
                 their undergraduate curriculum? The reasons are varied,
                 but one main one is the belief that such a course
                 requires expensive hardware and the very latest
                 software development tools. This article demonstrates
                 how a course for undergraduates in distributed
                 computing can be successful at giving the students the
                 concepts and principles, while enabling them to create
                 such an application to experience the distributed
                 environment, and do it all on a limited budget. The
                 principles are highlighted along with a practical
                 design and development component, which can give
                 seniors a way to tie together many of the principles
                 and applications of previous courses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Lloyd:1994:EBG,
  author =       "William S. Lloyd",
  title =        "Exploring the {Byzantine} generals problem with
                 beginning computer science students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190656",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Prechelt:1994:MEP,
  author =       "Lutz Prechelt",
  title =        "A motivating example problem for teaching adaptive
                 systems design",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25--34",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190657",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "There are some general lessons to be learned about the
                 design of adaptive systems and the best method to learn
                 them is an appropriate exercise. This paper lists these
                 lessons, discusses why it is difficult to use examples
                 from real applications for the exercise, and suggests a
                 game to be used as an alternative example problem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Konstam:1994:TCS,
  author =       "Aaron Konstam and John E. Howland",
  title =        "Teaching computer science principles to liberal arts
                 students using Scheme",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29--ff.",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190658",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The Scheme dialect of Lisp is being used as an
                 expository notation in introductory courses for liberal
                 arts students at Trinity University. Terminology from
                 natural language identifying parts of speech, such as
                 verb, noun, pronoun and adverb, is used to present
                 Scheme syntax and semantics to non programmers. Simple
                 working models of various computer science topics are
                 described. Experiences from two Trinity computer
                 science courses are presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Chesnevar:1994:SDT,
  author =       "Carlos Iv{\'a}n Ches{\~n}evar",
  title =        "Syntactic diagrams as a tool for solving
                 text-processing problems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35--40",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190659",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Becker:1994:ITT,
  author =       "Byron Weber Becker",
  title =        "Inexpensive teaching techniques with rich rewards",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41--44",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190660",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A brief report on several teaching techniques that
                 have rewards that far outweigh their costs. Experiences
                 with four techniques are discussed: a ``Pause'' during
                 lectures, student submission of exam questions, group
                 projects, and a technique for learning students' names.
                 These experiences are largely in the context of a Data
                 Structures class, but are applicable to most
                 lecture-oriented classes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Guimaraes:1994:EUA,
  author =       "M{\'a}rio Andr{\'e} Mayerhofer Guimar{\~a}es and
                 Carlos Jos{\'e} Pereira de Lucena and Maur{\'\i}cio
                 Roma Cavalcanti",
  title =        "Experience using the {ASA} algorithm teaching system",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190661",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the experience gained while using
                 a computer based algorithm system called ASA, and
                 explains why the evaluation motivated the need for high
                 level structures to represent student and algorithmic
                 knowledge. The system has been used in classrooms at
                 SENAC, a Brazilian company associated with the
                 Brazilian National Commerce Confederation, which
                 promotes technical education. SENAC has a branch in
                 every state of Brazil (26) and every year trains
                 approximately one million students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Ford:1994:PUS,
  author =       "Gary Ford",
  title =        "The progress of undergraduate software engineering
                 education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "51--55",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190662",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Although U.S. universities do not yet offer
                 undergraduate degrees named ``Bachelor of Science in
                 Software Engineering,'' several schools are making
                 progress in that direction. Efforts at eleven schools
                 are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Trono:1994:TR,
  author =       "John A. Trono",
  title =        "Taxman revisited",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "56--58",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190663",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In an earlier article [1], Carmony and Holliday
                 illustrated how the game called Taxman could be used in
                 CS1 to introduce some elementary concepts from
                 Artificial Intelligence. This article will present
                 several strategies that were created (as part of a CS2
                 assignment) to play Taxman, and evaluate their
                 performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Yue:1994:UCC,
  author =       "Kwok-bun Yue",
  title =        "An undergraduate course in concurrent programming
                 using Ada",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "59--63",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/190650.190664",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a senior level course in
                 concurrent programming using Ada. Unlike other similar
                 courses in the subject area, it is not part of an
                 operating systems course, nor is it tied to a
                 particular hardware architecture. The course is
                 software oriented and it discusses in depth a
                 concurrent programming language, Ada, so that students
                 are able to actually develop effective concurrent
                 programs to solve problems in a wide range of
                 applications. Ada is selected because of its
                 popularity, superb portability, numerous hardware
                 platforms, and rich concurrent constructs. Classical
                 issues in concurrent programming are presented in the
                 context of Ada. General issues in designing concurrent
                 programming languages are elaborated using Ada,
                 together with other concurrent programming languages
                 such as CSP, Occam, and Linda. Finally, general
                 principles of designing parallel programs are also
                 discussed. Therefore, the course provides both the
                 depth in a concurrent programming language for program
                 development and the breadth in concurrent programming
                 theory for insight. Using Ada throughout the course
                 strengthens student's expertise in Ada and provides an
                 useful reference point for understanding concurrent
                 programming theory. The course is heavily based on
                 handouts, examples, homework and programming
                 assignments. A rich set of instructional materials are
                 available from the author.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Astrachan:1995:ACA,
  author =       "Owen Astrachan and David Reed",
  title =        "{AAA} and {CS 1}: the applied apprenticeship approach
                 to {CS 1}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199694",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We have developed an application-based approach to
                 introductory courses in computer science. This approach
                 follows an apprenticeship model of learning, where
                 students begin by reading, studying, and extending
                 programs written by experienced and expert programmers.
                 Applications play a central role since programming
                 constructs are motivated and introduced in the context
                 of applications, not the other way around as is the
                 tradition in most texts and courses. Under our applied
                 approach, (1) students are able to learn from
                 interesting real-world examples, (2) the synthesis of
                 different programming constructs is supported using
                 incremental examples, and (3) good design is stressed
                 vis code and concept reuse. In this paper, we provide
                 several examples of our method as well as pointers to
                 all the material we have developed which is freely
                 available electronically. The philosophy underlying
                 this method transcends a particular programming
                 language, but we present our examples using C++ since
                 that is the language used in the CS 1 and CS 2 courses
                 at Duke. This method has been used with equal success
                 using ISETL at Dickinson.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Reek:1995:TAT,
  author =       "Margaret M. Reek",
  title =        "A top-down approach to teaching programming",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--9",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199696",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Programming is traditionally taught using a bottom-up
                 approach, where details of syntax and implementation of
                 data structures are the predominant concepts. The
                 top-down approach proposed focuses instead on
                 understanding the abstractions represented by the
                 classical data structures without regard to their
                 physical implementation. Only after the students are
                 comfortable with the behavior and applications of the
                 major data structures do they learn about their
                 implementations or the basic data types like arrays and
                 pointers that are used. This paper discusses the
                 benefits of such an approach and how it is being used
                 in a Computer Science curriculum.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kolesar:1995:TCS,
  author =       "Mary Veronica Kolesar and Vicki H. Allan",
  title =        "Teaching computer science concepts and problem solving
                 with a spreadsheet",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199698",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Tao:1995:UES,
  author =       "Yonglei Tao",
  title =        "Using expert systems to understand object-oriented
                 behavior",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--18",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199700",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Reid:1995:OOS,
  author =       "Richard J. Reid",
  title =        "Object-oriented simulation of computer architectures
                 using {C++}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--23",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199702",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Object-oriented languages such as C++ allow class
                 definitions which eliminate the need for writing
                 special-purpose simulators in many cases. Simulating
                 digital logic components and computer architectures is
                 one case where the simulation model can be effectively
                 and conveniently expressed in the programming language
                 itself. A class library supporting: schematic
                 organization, multi-level digital-signal
                 representation, and implementations of a modest set of
                 component primitives has been developed. This library
                 supports two forms of hierarchical arrangements; first,
                 the digital signals themselves can be expressed as
                 vectors (as for a bus), either directly or by
                 composition, and second, the digital components can be
                 arranged hierarchically as modules, and the modules can
                 be used in an identical manner in which the primitives
                 are used. The library code described here is available
                 from the author.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Headington:1995:RID,
  author =       "Mark R. Headington",
  title =        "Removing implementation details from {C++} class
                 declarations",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199704",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Data abstraction-a concept introduced at varying
                 places in the CS1/CS2/CS7 sequence-separates the
                 properties of a data type (its values and operations)
                 from the implementation of that type. This separation
                 of specification from implementation is achieved by
                 encapsulating the implementation so that users of the
                 type can neither access nor be influenced by the
                 implementation details. Ideally, therefore, the
                 specification should be implementation-independent. The
                 C++ class mechanism compromises information hiding by
                 requiring the interface to include information-the
                 private part of the class declaration-that is needed
                 only for implementation purposes. This paper describes
                 two techniques for removing details of implementation
                 structure from the C++ class declaration and discusses
                 the advantages and disadvantages of each.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Birch:1995:DDC,
  author =       "Michael R. Birch and Christopher M. Boroni and Frances
                 W. Goosey and Samuel D. Patton and David K. Poole and
                 Craig M. Pratt and Rockford J. Ross",
  title =        "{DYNALAB}: a dynamic computer science laboratory
                 infrastructure featuring program animation (abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--33",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199706",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Estell:1995:ECP,
  author =       "John K. Estell and Thomas A. Owen",
  title =        "Experiencing the codesign process: Microcomputer
                 Systems {II} laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--38",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199709",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Toll:1995:SPD,
  author =       "William E. Toll",
  title =        "Socket programming in the data communications
                 laboratory",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--43",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199711",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Although many data communications courses are taught
                 with no programming content, courses designed for
                 computer science majors should include programming.
                 Many data communications courses with a programming
                 component make use of serial ports on PCs while some
                 deal with detailed network layer projects. UNIX socket
                 programming allows the students to deal with the same
                 issues and problems, but in a context that is more
                 likely to be useful and that is more interesting. In
                 addition, if socket classes are used with C++, only as
                 much detail of socket operation as desired need be
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cohen:1995:UII,
  author =       "Norman Cohen and Wanda Dann",
  title =        "Using an internal internship to enhance computer
                 science education in a two-year college",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--47",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199713",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "A student internship in a suitable business or
                 organization can augment, reinforce, and embellish
                 material learned in the classroom. Computer Science
                 student interns can experience such things as
                 real-world development environments, projects which
                 greatly exceed the scale of typical programming
                 assignments, the utter importance of (possibly lacking)
                 documentation, as well as diverse languages, operating
                 systems, and hardware. Opportunities for such
                 internships occur rarely, however, for many rural
                 two-year colleges, especially those geographically
                 isolated from companies which could provide this
                 experience. Despite such a situation at our college, we
                 still provide students with an internship experience by
                 creating an internal organization: the Software
                 Development Internship (SDI) with the mission to
                 develop custom software for other departments on
                 campus. In this paper we describe the formation of the
                 SDI, its activities, and some of the benefits and
                 lessons learned to date.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Roberts:1995:UUT,
  author =       "Eric Roberts and John Lilly and Bryan Rollins",
  title =        "Using undergraduates as teaching assistants in
                 introductory programming courses: an update on the
                 {Stanford} experience",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--52",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199716",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "The introductory computer science at Stanford
                 University have a combined annual enrollment of over
                 1000 students. Teaching introductory programming to a
                 population of this size requires significant
                 instructional support to ensure that students receive
                 the individual attention most beginning programmers
                 need. This paper describes the approach that has
                 evolved at Stanford for the introductory computer
                 science courses, which is based on the extensive use of
                 advanced undergraduates to teach sections of the
                 introductory course. In our experience, using
                 undergraduates as part of the teaching staff has
                 created an effective learning environment for both the
                 students in the classes and the undergraduate section
                 leaders themselves.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kay:1995:TCS,
  author =       "David G. Kay",
  title =        "Training computer science teaching assistants: a
                 seminar for new {TAs}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--55",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199719",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe a one-quarter seminar required of
                 first-time teaching assistants in computer science. The
                 seminar acclimates TAs to teaching undergraduates in
                 the university, to departmental policies and to special
                 problems and issues in teaching computer science. In
                 addition to coverage of general issues surrounding
                 teaching, the seminar includes many participatory
                 exercises that relate specifically to the teaching of
                 computer science. Participants in the seminar perform
                 much better on student evaluations than
                 non-participants.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Liang:1995:TDP,
  author =       "Y. Daniel Liang",
  title =        "Teaching dynamic programming techniques using
                 permutation graphs",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--60",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199721",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic programming is one of important techniques in
                 algorithm design. The permutation graph is a special
                 type of graphs with theoretical significance and
                 practical applications. Many graph problems such as the
                 domination, and independent set problems can be solved
                 efficiently using dynamic programming schemes by
                 exploring the structural properties of permutation
                 diagrams. Most of current algorithm textbooks use the
                 knapsack problem and matrix chain product as examples
                 for teaching this technique. This paper introduces an
                 incremental and comprehensive approach to teaching
                 dynamic programming using permutation graphs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kooshesh:1995:SPU,
  author =       "Ali A. Kooshesh",
  title =        "Solving a problem using cooperating data structures",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--65",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199724",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In this write-up, we describe series parallel graphs,
                 a simple class of general graphs, and show how to
                 compute their minimum spanning tree or shortest path.
                 The problem is intended to be used as an assignment in
                 an undergraduate course on Data Structures. It is a
                 simple problem, yet non-trivial, and allows the
                 students to implement several interesting data
                 structures in one programming assignment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gurwitz:1995:AUI,
  author =       "Chaya Gurwitz",
  title =        "Achieving a uniform interface for binary tree
                 implementations",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--70",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199726",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the basic principles taught in a data
                 structures course is that an application program should
                 be independent of the implementation of any particular
                 data structure it uses. This policy breaks down when
                 binary trees are introduced, because the interfaces for
                 the various representations of binary trees are not
                 uniform. In particular, implementing a binary tree by
                 using an implicit array generally requires the array
                 itself to be passed as a parameter to any function that
                 manipulates the tree. In this paper we present an
                 approach for defining the implicit array representation
                 of a binary tree. Our definition makes the underlying
                 array transparent to the user. This allows us to
                 describe a uniform interface for a binary tree module
                 that can be used by an application program regardless
                 of the particular implementation of the tree.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Jin:1995:LTP,
  author =       "Lan Jin and Lan Yang",
  title =        "A laboratory for teaching parallel computing on
                 parallel structures",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--75",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199728;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/199688.199728",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-693-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-693-6",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse1995.html#JinY95;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/1995.bib",
  abstract =     "For the effective use of a laboratory for teaching
                 parallel processing, it is desirable to have parallel
                 systems that can implement various parallel structures
                 at hardware or software level. Such systems developed
                 in our laboratories are described in this paper. They
                 are a multi-computer with reconfiguration and the PVM
                 (Parallel Virtual Machine) with structural
                 implementation. The paper proposes a methodology and
                 several classes of problems for teaching
                 message-passing programming on parallel structures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., California State Univ., Fresno,
                 CA, USA",
  classification = "C0220 (Computing education and training); C5220P
                 (Parallel architecture); C6110P (Parallel programming);
                 C6150N (Distributed systems software); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  keywords =     "Hardware level; Message-passing programming teaching;
                 Multi-computer; Parallel computing teaching laboratory;
                 Parallel processing; Parallel structure; Parallel
                 systems; Parallel Virtual Machine; PVM;
                 Reconfiguration; Software level; Structural
                 implementation",
  thesaurus =    "Computer science education; Laboratories; Message
                 passing; Parallel machines; Parallel programming;
                 Reconfigurable architectures; Teaching",
}

@Article{Kotz:1995:DPP,
  author =       "David Kotz",
  title =        "A data-parallel programming library for education
                 {(DAPPLE)}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199730",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In the context of our overall goal to bring the
                 concepts of parallel computing into the undergraduate
                 curriculum, we set out to find a parallel-programming
                 language for student use. To make it accessible to
                 students at all levels, and to be independent of any
                 particular hardware platform, we chose to design our
                 own language, based on a data-parallel model and on
                 C++. The result, DAPPLE, is a C++ class library
                 designed to provide the illusion of a data-parallel
                 programming language on conventional hardware and with
                 conventional compilers. DAPPLE defines Vectors and
                 Matrices as basic classes, with all the usual C++
                 operators overloaded to provide elementwise arithmetic.
                 In addition, DAPPLE provides typical data-parallel
                 operations like scans, permutations, and reductions.
                 Finally, DAPPLE provides a parallel if-then-else
                 statement to restrict the scope of the above operations
                 to partial vectors or matrices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Arnow:1995:XSL,
  author =       "David M. Arnow",
  title =        "{XDP}: a simple library for teaching a distributed
                 programming module",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--86",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199732",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "XDP is a simplified interface to the DP distributed
                 programming library. I describe its use in a course on
                 workstation programming, a pragmatic course whose
                 mission is to cover concurrent programming, graphical
                 user interfaces and event driven programming as well as
                 network and distributed computing. Using XDP, rather
                 than the native socket interface, makes it feasible to
                 cover the last topics, squeezed though they are into a
                 rather overloaded course. Finding (or building)
                 teaching tools like XDP will become increasingly
                 essential as more demands are placed on undergraduate
                 CS curriculum coverage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{ONeal:1995:WMS,
  author =       "Michael B. O'Neal and Barry L. Kurtz",
  title =        "{Watson}: a modular software environment for
                 introductory computer science education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--91",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199735",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Parker:1995:GOA,
  author =       "Brenda C. Parker and John D. McGregor",
  title =        "A goal-oriented approach to laboratory development and
                 implementation",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--96",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199738",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Kurtz:1995:DIG,
  author =       "Barry L. Kurtz and Unmesh S. Mayekar and Michael B.
                 O'Neal",
  title =        "Design and implementation of a generalized problem
                 solving assistant for algorithm development",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--101",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199740",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Studer:1995:YSI,
  author =       "Scott D. Studer and James Taylor and Ken Macie",
  title =        "Youngster: a simplified introduction to computing:
                 removing the details so that a child may program",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--105",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199742",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the more difficult portions of learning to
                 program is memorizing and understanding the syntactic
                 and semantic rules associated with a language. This
                 paper discusses how to simplify this task as well as
                 presents a case study of a simplified implementation to
                 include multiple variable types successfully tested on
                 first grade students.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Pierce:1995:CRJ,
  author =       "Margaret Anne Pierce and John W. Henry",
  title =        "Computer-related judgements of computer professionals
                 and students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--110",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199744",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Epstein:1995:LDK,
  author =       "Richard Gary Epstein",
  title =        "Latest developments in the ``killer robot'' computer
                 ethics scenario",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "111--115",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199746",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bagert:1995:SFY,
  author =       "Donald Bagert and William M. Marcy and Ben A.
                 Calloni",
  title =        "A successful five-year experiment with a breadth-first
                 introductory course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "116--120",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199748",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper discusses the implementation and evolution
                 over a five-year period of a breadth-first introductory
                 computer science course which has both lectures and
                 structured, closed laboratory sessions. This course
                 significantly increased both the retention and passing
                 rates for the next computer course (which emphasizes
                 programming), and computer science graduation rates.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Harrington:1995:JFY,
  author =       "Jan L. Harrington and Helen M. Hayes",
  title =        "A joint first year program for computer science and
                 information systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "121--125",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199750",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hirmanpour:1995:DCC,
  author =       "Iraj Hirmanpour and Thomas B. Hilburn and Andrew
                 Kornecki",
  title =        "A domain centered curriculum: an alternative approach
                 to computing education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "126--130",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199752",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a new approach to computer science
                 education by proposing a model curriculum that presents
                 computer science fundamentals and software engineering
                 concepts in the context of an application domain. This
                 domain-centered model is discussed in terms of its
                 philosophy and structure, and emphasizes curriculum
                 features that enhance the ability of a graduate to be
                 part of a team that develops software in the
                 application domain. In particular, the curriculum model
                 proposes integration of software engineering education
                 with the application domain. The undergraduate computer
                 science curriculum at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
                 University is used to illustrate the principle features
                 of the model and to advance arguments about the model's
                 viability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Yang:1995:IPA,
  author =       "Lan Yang and Lan Jin",
  title =        "Integrating parallel algorithm design with parallel
                 machine models",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "131--135",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199754",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  abstract =     "In teaching of Parallel Algorithms, emphasis is
                 usually placed on algorithms that are based on parallel
                 random access machine (PRAM) model, but those
                 algorithms may or may not be efficiently implementable
                 on real parallel machines. In this paper we design
                 parallel algorithms in relation with the actual
                 parallel machine models and show the importance of
                 integrating parallel algorithms with parallel machine
                 models. We discuss this approach using traveling
                 salesperson problem (TSP) as an example.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Toll:1995:DPI,
  author =       "William E. Toll",
  title =        "Decision points in the introduction of parallel
                 processing into the undergraduate curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "136--140",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/199691.199756",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;