@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
University of Utah,
Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
155 S 1400 E RM 233,
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
\path|beebe@acm.org|,
\path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}
@String{j-TOCHI = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human
Interaction"}
@Article{Jacob:1994:ISI,
author = "Robert J. K. Jacob and Linda E. Sibert and Daniel C.
McFarlane and M. Preston and J. R. Mullen",
title = "Integrality and separability of input devices",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "3--26",
month = mar,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-1/p3-jacob/",
abstract = "Current input device taxonomies and other frameworks
typically emphasize the mechanical structure of input
devices. We suggest that selecting an appropriate input
device for an interactive task requires looking beyond
the physical structure of devices to the deeper
perceptual structure of the task, the device, and the
interrelationship between the perceptual structure of
the task and the control properties of the device. We
affirm that perception is key to understanding
performance of multidimensional input devices on
multidimensional tasks. We have therefore extended the
theory of processing of perceptual structure to
graphical interactive tasks and to the control
structure of input devices. This allows us to predict
task and device combinations that lead to better
performance and hypothesize that performance is
improved when the perceptual structure of the task
matches the control structure of the device. We
conducted an experiment in which subjects performed two
tasks with different perceptual structures, using two
input devices with correspondingly different control
structures, a three-dimensional tracker and a mouse. We
analyzed both speed and accuracy, as well as the
trajectories generated by subjects as they used the
unconstrained three-dimensional tracker to perform each
task. The result support our hypothesis and confirm the
importance of matching the perceptual structure of the
task and the control structure of the input device.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; measurement;
theory",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Input
devices and strategies. {\bf H.1.2} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems,
Human factors. {\bf I.3.6} Computing Methodologies,
COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Methodology and Techniques,
Interaction techniques. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Interaction styles.",
}
@Article{Sears:1994:SME,
author = "Andrew Sears and Ben Shneiderman",
title = "Split menus: effectively using selection frequency to
organize menus",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "27--51",
month = mar,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-1/p27-sears/",
abstract = "When some items in a menu are selected more frequently
than others, as is often the case, designers or
individual users may be able to speed performance and
improve preference ratings by placing several
high-frequency items at the top of the menu. Design
guidelines for {\em split menus\/} were developed and
applied. Split menus were implemented and tested in two
in situ usability studies and a controlled experiment.
In the usability studies performance times were reduced
by 17 to 58\% depending on the site and menus. In the
controlled experiment split menus were significantly
faster than alphabetic menus and yielded significantly
higher subjective preferences. A possible resolution to
the continuing debate among cognitive theorists about
predicting menu selection times is offered. We
conjecture and offer evidence that, at least when
selecting items from pull-down menus, a logarithmic
model applies to familiar (high-frequency) items, and a
linear model to unfamiliar (low-frequency) items.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; theory",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces.",
}
@Article{Poltrock:1994:OOI,
author = "Steven E. Poltrock and Jonathan Grudin",
title = "Organizational obstacles to interface design and
development: two participant-observer studies",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "52--80",
month = mar,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-1/p52-poltrock/",
abstract = "The development of human-computer interfaces was
studied in two large software product development
organizations. Researchers joined development projects
for approximately one month and participated in
interface design while concurrently interviewing other
project participants and employees, recording activity
in meetings and on electronic networks, and otherwise
observing the process. The two organizations differed
in their approaches to development, and, in each case,
the approach differed in practice from the model
supported by the organizational structure. Development
practices blocked the successful application of
accepted principles of interface design. The obstacles
to effective design that results from people noticing
and being affected by interface changes, and a lack of
communication among those sharing responsibility for
different aspects of the interface.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Theory
and methods. {\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING, Design Tools and Techniques, User
interfaces. {\bf D.2.10} Software, SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING, Design**, Methodologies**. {\bf D.2.m}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Miscellaneous, Rapid
prototyping**. {\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS
AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human factors.
{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Training, help, and
documentation. {\bf H.5.3} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group and
Organization Interfaces.",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1994:I,
author = "Ralph D. Hill and Tom Brinck and Steven L. Rohall and
John F. Patterson and Wayne Wilner",
title = "The {{\em Rendezvous}} architecture and language for
constructing multiuser applications",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "81--125",
month = jun,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-2/p81-hill/",
abstract = "When people have meetings or discussions, frequently
they use {\em conversational props\/}: physical models,
drawings, or other concrete representations of
information used to enhance the exchange of
information. If the participants are geographically
separated, it is difficult to make effective use of
props since each physical prop can only exist in one
place. Computer applications that allow two or more
users to simultaneously view and manipulate the same
data can be used to augment human-to-human
telecommunication. We have built the {\em Rendezvous\/}
system is similar to many UIMSs or user interface
toolkits in that it is intended to simplify the
construction of graphical direct-manipulation
interfaces. It goes beyond these systems by adding
functionality to support the construction of multiuser
applications. Based on experience with several large
applications built with the {\em Rendezvous\/} system,
we believe that it is useful for building
conversational props and other computer-supported
cooperative work (CSCW) applications. We present a list
of required features of conversational props, some
example applications built with the {\em Rendezvous\/}
system, and a description of the {\em Rendezvous\/}
system.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "languages",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, User
interface management systems (UIMS). {\bf D.3.3}
Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs
and Features. {\bf D.4.7} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS,
Organization and Design, Interactive systems. {\bf
H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces,
Synchronous interaction. {\bf I.3.2} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Graphics Systems.",
}
@Article{Leung:1994:RTD,
author = "Y. K. Leung and M. D. Aerley",
title = "A review and taxonomy of distortion-oriented
presentation techniques",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "126--160",
month = jun,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-2/p126-leung/",
abstract = "One of the common problems associated with large
computer-based information systems is the relatively
small window through which an information space can be
viewed. Increasing interest in recent years has been
focused on the development of distortion-oriented
presentation techniques to address this problem.
However, the growing number of new terminologies and
techniques developed have caused considerable confusion
to the graphical user interface designer, consequently
making the comparison of these presentation techniques
and generalization of empirical results of experiments
with them very difficult, if not impossible. This
article provides a taxonomy of distortion-oriented
techniques which demonstrates clearly their underlying
relationships. A unified theory is presented to reveal
their roots and origins. Issues relating to the
implementation and performance of these techniques are
also discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; theory",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Screen
design. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces,
Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.1.2} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems,
Human factors.",
}
@Article{VanderZanden:1994:IPV,
author = "Brad {Vander Zanden} and Brad A. Myers and Dario A.
Giuse and Pedro Szekely",
title = "Integrating pointer variables into one-way constraint
models",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "161--213",
month = jun,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-2/p161-vander_zanden/",
abstract = "Pointer variables have long been considered useful for
constructing and manipulating data structures in
traditional programming languages. This article
discusses how pointer variables can be integrated into
one-way constraint models and indicates how these
constraints can be usefully employed in user
interfaces. Pointer variables allow constraints to
model a wide array of dynamic application behavior,
simplify the implementation of structured objects and
demonstrational systems, and improve the storage and
efficiency of constraint-based applications. This
article presents two incremental algorithms --- one
lazy and one eager --- for solving constraints with
pointer variables. Both algorithms are capable of
handling (1) arbitrary systems of one-way constraints,
including constraints that involve cycles, and (2)
editing models that allow multiple changes between
calls to the constraint solver. These algorithms are
fault tolerant in that they can handle and recover
gracefully from formulas that crash due to programmer
error. Constraints that use pointer variables have been
implemented in a comprehensive user interface toolkit,
Garnet, and our experience with applications written in
Garnet have proven the usefulness of pointer variable
constraints. Many large-scale applications have been
implemented using these constraints.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "algorithms; design; languages",
subject = "{\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design
Tools and Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf D.2.3}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Coding Tools and
Techniques, Program editors. {\bf D.2.6} Software,
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Programming Environments. {\bf
I.1.2} Computing Methodologies, SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC
MANIPULATION, Algorithms, Nonalgebraic algorithms. {\bf
I.1.3} Computing Methodologies, SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC
MANIPULATION, Languages and Systems.",
}
@Article{Mukherjea:1994:TVD,
author = "Sougata Mukherjea and John T. Stasko",
title = "Toward visual debugging: integrating algorithm
animation capabilities within a source-level debugger",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "215--244",
month = sep,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-3/p215-mukherjea/",
abstract = "Much of the recent research in software visualization
has been polarized toward two opposite domains. In one
domain that we call {\em data structure and program
visualization}, low-level canonical views of program
structures are generated automatically. These types of
views, which do not require programmer input or
intervention, can be useful for testing and debugging
software. Often, however, their generic, low-level
views are not expressive enough to convey adequately
how a program functions. In the second domain called
{\em algorithm animation}, designers handcraft
abstract, application-specific views that are useful
for program understanding and teaching. Unfortunately,
since algorithm animation development typically
requires time-consuming design with a graphics package,
it will not be used for debugging, where timeliness is
a necessity. However, we speculate that the
application-specific nature of algorithm animation
views could be a valuable debugging aid for software
developers as well, if only the views could be easy and
rapid to create. We have developed a system called {\em
Lens\/} that occupies a unique niche between the two
domains discussed above and explores the capabilities
that such a system may offer. Lens allows programmers
to build rapidly (in minutes) algorithm animation-style
program views without requiring any sophisticated
graphics knowledge and without using textual coding.
Lens also is integrated with a system debugger to
promote iterative design and exploration.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "algorithms; human factors; verification",
subject = "{\bf D.2.5} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Testing
and Debugging, Debugging aids. {\bf D.2.2} Software,
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and Techniques, User
interfaces. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces. {\bf I.3.8} Computing Methodologies,
COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Applications. {\bf I.6.8} Computing
Methodologies, SIMULATION AND MODELING, Types of
Simulation, Animation.",
}
@Article{Mandviwalla:1994:WDG,
author = "Munir Mandviwalla and Lorne Olfman",
title = "What do groups need? {A} proposed set of generic
groupware requirements",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "245--268",
month = sep,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-3/p245-mandviwalla/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; theory",
subject = "{\bf H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group and Organization
Interfaces. {\bf D.2.1} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
Requirements/Specifications, Methodologies (e.g.,
object-oriented, structured). {\bf H.1.2} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems,
Human factors. {\bf H.4.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, Office Automation,
Time management. {\bf H.4.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, Types of Systems,
Decision support. {\bf H.4.3} Information Systems,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, Communications
Applications, Bulletin boards. {\bf H.4.3} Information
Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS,
Communications Applications, Computer conferencing,
teleconferencing, and videoconferencing. {\bf H.4.3}
Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS,
Communications Applications, Electronic mail.",
}
@Article{Berlage:1994:SUM,
author = "Thomas Berlage",
title = "A selective undo mechanism for graphical user
interfaces based on command objects",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "269--294",
month = sep,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-3/p269-berlage/",
abstract = "It is important to provide a recovery operation for
applications with a graphical user interface. A
restricted linear undo mechanism can conveniently be
implemented using object-oriented techniques. Although
linear undo provides an arbitrarily long history, it is
not possible to undo isolated commands from the history
without undoing all following commands. Various undo
models have been proposed to overcome this limitation,
but they all ignore the problem that in graphical user
interfaces a previous user action might not have a
sensible interpretation in another state. {\em
Selective undo\/} introduced here can undo isolated
commands by copying them into the current state ``{\em
if that is meaningful.''\/} Furthermore, the semantics
of selective undo are argued to be more natural for the
user, because the mechanism only looks at the command
to undo and the current state and does not depend on
the history in between. The user interface for
selective undo can also be implemented generically.
Such a generic implementation is able to provide a
consistent recovery mechanism in arbitrary
applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design
Tools and Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf D.1.5}
Software, PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, Object-oriented
Programming. {\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING, Design Tools and Techniques, Software
libraries. {\bf D.2.m} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
Miscellaneous, Reusable software**. {\bf H.1.2}
Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Interaction styles. {\bf
H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, User interface
management systems (UIMS). {\bf H.5.3} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group
and Organization Interfaces, Synchronous interaction.",
}
@Article{Prakash:1994:FUA,
author = "Atul Prakash and Michael J. Knister",
title = "A framework for undoing actions in collaborative
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "4",
pages = "295--330",
month = dec,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-4/p295-prakash/",
abstract = "The ability to undo operations is a standard feature
in most single-user interactive applications. We
propose a general framework for implementing undo in
collaborative systems. The framework allows users to
reverse their own changes individually, taking into
account the possibility of conflicts between different
users' operations that may prevent an undo. The
proposed framework has been incorporated into DistEdit,
a toolkit for building group text editors. Based on our
experience with DistEdit's undo facilities, we discuss
several issues that need to be taken into account in
using the framework, in order to ensure that a
reasonable undo behavior is provided to users. We show
that the framework is also applicable to single-user
systems, since the operations to undo can be selected
not just on the basis of who performed them, but by any
appropriate criterion, such as the document region in
which the operations occurred or the time interval in
which the operations were carried out.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "algorithms; design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf I.7.1} Computing Methodologies, DOCUMENT AND TEXT
PROCESSING, Document and Text Editing. {\bf H.1.2}
Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf H.2.2}
Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Physical
Design, Recovery and restart. {\bf H.2.4} Information
Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Systems, Concurrency.
{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Theory and methods.
{\bf H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces.",
}
@Article{Ware:1994:ROV,
author = "Colin Ware and Ravin Balakrishnan",
title = "Reaching for objects in {VR} displays: lag and frame
rate",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "4",
pages = "331--356",
month = dec,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-4/p331-ware/",
abstract = "This article reports the results from three
experimental studies of reaching behavior in a
head-coupled stereo display system with a hand-tracking
subsystem for object selection. It is found that lag in
the head-tracking system is relatively unimportant in
predicting performance, whereas lag in the
hand-tracking system is critical. The effect of hand
lag can be modeled by means of a variation on Fitts'
Law with the measured system lag introduced as a
multiplicative variable to the Fitts' Law index of
difficulty. This means that relatively small lags can
cause considerable degradation in performance if the
targets are small. Another finding is that errors are
higher for movement in and out of the screen, as
compared to movements in the plane of the screen, and
there is a small (10\%) time penalty for movement in
the Z direction in all three experiments. Low frame
rates cause a degradation in performance; however, this
can be attributed to the lag which is caused by low
frame rates, particularly if double buffering is used
combined with early sampling of the hand-tracking
device.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; performance",
subject = "{\bf I.3.6} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER
GRAPHICS, Methodology and Techniques, Interaction
techniques. {\bf I.3.7} Computing Methodologies,
COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Three-Dimensional Graphics and
Realism, Virtual reality. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Input devices and strategies.",
}
@Article{Sanchez:1994:HEO,
author = "J. Alfredo S{\'a}nchez and John J. Leggett and John L.
Schnase",
title = "{HyperActive}: extending an open hypermedia
architecture to support agency",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "1",
number = "4",
pages = "357--382",
month = dec,
year = "1994",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1994-1-4/p357-sanchez/",
abstract = "Agency and hypermedia have both been suggested as
powerful means to cope with future information
management and human-computer interaction requirements.
However, research projects have included interface
agents only marginally in the context of hypermedia
systems. This article proposes a set of criteria for
characterizing interface agents and offers a
perspective view of ongoing research in the field using
those criteria as a framework. The need to provide a
supporting infrastructure that facilitates testing and
experimentation of interface agents is stressed. The
article describes an existing open hypermedia
architecture and introduces an extended architecture
that includes provisions to support the development and
operation of interface agents. A prototype
instantiating this system architecture is presented, as
well as an initial assessment of the potential and
requirements of interface agents in a hypermedia
environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf I.7.2} Computing Methodologies, DOCUMENT AND TEXT
PROCESSING, Document Preparation, Hypertext/hypermedia.
{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Interaction
styles.",
}
@Article{Dewan:1995:CUI,
author = "Prasun Dewan and Rajiv Choudhary",
title = "Coupling the user interfaces of a multiuser program",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "1--39",
month = mar,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-1/p1-dewan/",
abstract = "We have developed a new model for coupling the user
interfaces of a multiuser program. It is based on an
interaction model and a user interface framework that
allow users and programmers, respectively, to view
applications as editors of data. It consists of a
semantics model, a specification model, and an
implementation model for coupling. The semantics model
determines (1) which properties of interaction entities
created for a user are shared with corresponding
interaction entities created for other users and (2)
when changes made by a user to a property of an
interaction entity are communicated to other users
sharing it. It divides the properties of an interaction
entity into multiple coupling sets and allows users to
share different coupling sets independently. It
supports several criteria for choosing when a change
made by a user to a shared property is communicated to
other users. These criteria include how structurally
complete the change is, how correct it is, and the time
at which it was made. The specification model
determines how users specify the desired semantics of
coupling. It associates interaction entities with
inheritable coupling attributes, allows multiple users
to specify values of these attributes, and does a
runtime matching of the coupling attributes specified
by different users to derive the coupling among their
user interfaces. The implementation model determines
how multiuser programs implement user-customizable
coupling. It divides the task of implementing the
coupling between system-provided modules and
application programs. The modules support automatically
a predefined semantics and specification model that can
be extended by the programs. We have implemented the
coupling model as part of a system called Suite. This
paper describes and motivates the model using the
concrete example of Suite, discusses how aspects of it
can be implemented in other systems, compares it with
related work, discusses its shortcomings, and suggests
directions for future work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; languages",
subject = "{\bf D.2.6} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
Programming Environments, Interactive environments.
{\bf C.2.4} Computer Systems Organization,
COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, Distributed Systems,
Distributed applications. {\bf C.2.4} Computer Systems
Organization, COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS,
Distributed Systems, Distributed databases. {\bf D.2.2}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf D.3.3} Software,
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and
Features, Input/output. {\bf H.1.2} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems,
Human factors. {\bf H.4.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, Office Automation.
{\bf I.7.1} Computing Methodologies, DOCUMENT AND TEXT
PROCESSING, Document and Text Editing. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces,
Evaluation/methodology.",
}
@Article{Dourish:1995:DRM,
author = "Paul Dourish",
title = "Developing a reflective model of collaborative
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "40--63",
month = mar,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-1/p40-dourish/",
abstract = "Recent years have seen a shift in perception of the
nature of HCI and interactive systems. As interface
work has increasingly become a focus of attention for
the social sciences, we have expanded our appreciation
of the importance of issues such as work practice,
adaptation, and evolution in interactive systems. The
reorientation in our view of interactive systems has
been accompanied by a call for a new model of design
centered around user needs and participation. This
article argues that a new process of design is not
enough and that the new view necessitates a similar
reorientation in the {\em structure\/} of the systems
we build. It outlines some requirements for systems
that support a deeper conception of interaction and
argues that the traditional system design techniques
are not suited to creating such systems. Finally, using
examples from ongoing work in the design of an open
toolkit for collaborative applications, it illustrates
how the principles of computational reflection and
metaobject protocols can lead us toward a new model
based on open abstraction that holds great promise in
addressing these issues.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design",
subject = "{\bf D.2.10} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design**,
Methodologies**. {\bf C.2.4} Computer Systems
Organization, COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS,
Distributed Systems, Distributed applications. {\bf
D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf H.1.0} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, General.",
}
@Article{Myers:1995:UIS,
author = "Brad A. Myers",
title = "User interface software tools",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "64--103",
month = mar,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-1/p64-myers/",
abstract = "Almost as long as there have been user interfaces,
there have been special software systems and tools to
help design and implement the user interface software.
Many of these tools have demonstrated significant
productivity gains for programmers, and have become
important commercial products. Others have proven less
successful at supporting the kinds of user interfaces
people want to build. This article discusses the
different kinds of user interface software tools, and
investigates why some approaches have worked and others
have not. Many examples of commercial and research
systems are included. Finally, current research
directions and open issues in the field are
discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors; languages",
subject = "{\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design
Tools and Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf H.1.2}
Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, User interface
management systems (UIMS). {\bf I.2.2} Computing
Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Automatic
Programming, Program synthesis.",
}
@Article{Taylor:1995:CSA,
author = "Richard N. Taylor and Kari A. Nies and Gregory Alan
Bolcer and Craig A. MacFarlane and Kenneth M. Anderson
and Gregory F. Johnson",
title = "Chiron-1: a software architecture for user interface
development, maintenance, and run-time support",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "2",
pages = "105--144",
month = jun,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-2/p105-taylor/",
abstract = "The Chiron-1 user interface system demonstrates key
techniques that enable a strict separation of an
application from its user interface. These techniques
include separating the control-flow aspects of the
application and user interface: they are concurrent and
may contain many threads. Chiron also separates
windowing and look-and-feel issues from dialogue and
abstract presentation decisions via mechanisms
employing a client-server architecture. To separate
application code from user interface code, user
interface agents called {\em artists\/} are attached to
instances of application abstract data types (ADTs).
Operations on ADTs within the application implicitly
trigger user interface activities within the artists.
Multiple artists can be attached to ADTs, providing
multiple views and alternative forms of access and
manipulation by either a single user or by multiple
users. Each artist and the application run in separate
threads of control. Artists maintain the user interface
by making remote calls to an abstract depiction
hierarchy in the Chiron server, insulting the user
interface code from the specifics of particular
windowing systems and toolkits. The Chiron server and
clients execute in separate processes. The
client-server architecture also supports multilingual
systems: mechanisms are demonstrated that support
clients written in programming languages other than
that of the server while nevertheless supporting
object-oriented server concepts. The system has been
used in several universities and research and
development projects. It is available by anonymous
ftp.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; languages",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, User
interface management systems (UIMS). {\bf D.2.2}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf D.2.m} Software,
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Miscellaneous, Reusable
software**.",
}
@Article{Resnick:1995:RAI,
author = "Paul Resnick and Robert A. Virzi",
title = "Relief from the audio interface blues: expanding the
spectrum of menu, list, and form styles",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "2",
pages = "145--176",
month = jun,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-2/p145-resnick/",
abstract = "Menus, lists, and forms are the workhorse dialogue
structures in telephone-based interactive voice
response applications. Despite diversity in
applications, there is a surprising homogeneity in the
menu, list, and form styles commonly employed. There
are, however, many alternatives, and no single style
fits every prospective application and user population.
A design space for each dialogue structure organizes
the alternatives and provides a framework for analyzing
their benefits and drawbacks. In addition to
phone-based interactions, the design spaces apply to
any limited-bandwidth, temporally constrained display
devices, including small-screen devices such as
personal digital assistants (PDAs) and screen phones.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces,
Interaction styles. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia
Information Systems, Audio input/output.",
}
@Article{Olsen:1995:ISI,
author = "Dan R. {Olsen, Jr.} and Germinder Singh and Steven K.
Feiner",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on virtual reality
software and technology",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "177--178",
month = sep,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-3/p177-olsen/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Artificial, augmented, and virtual
realities.",
}
@Article{Wexelblat:1995:ANG,
author = "Alan Wexelblat",
title = "An approach to natural gesture in virtual
environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "179--200",
month = sep,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-3/p179-wexelblat/",
abstract = "This article presents research --- an experiment and
the resulting prototype --- on a method for treating
gestural input so that it can be used for multimodal
applications, such as interacting with virtual
environments. This method involves the capture and use
of natural, empty-hand gestures that are made during
conventional descriptive utterances. Users are allowed
to gesture in a normal continuous manner, rather than
being restricted to a small set of discrete gestural
commands as in most other systems. The gestures are
captured and analyzed into a higher-level description.
This description can be used by an application-specific
interpreter to understand the gestural input in its
proper context. Having a gesture analyzer of this sort
enables natural gesture input to any appropriate
application.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia
Information Systems, Artificial, augmented, and virtual
realities. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces,
Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Input devices and strategies. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Interaction styles.",
}
@Article{Slater:1995:TSI,
author = "Mel Slater and Martin Usoh and Anthony Steed",
title = "Taking steps: the influence of a walking technique on
presence in virtual reality",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "201--219",
month = sep,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-3/p201-slater/",
abstract = "This article presents an interactive technique for
moving through an immersive virtual environment (or
``virtual reality''). The technique is suitable for
applications where locomotion is restricted to ground
level. The technique is derived from the idea that
presence in virtual environments may be enhanced the
stronger the match between proprioceptive information
from human body movements and sensory feedback from the
computer-generated displays. The technique is an
attempt to simulate body movements associated with
walking. The participant ``walks in place'' to move
through the virtual environment across distances
greater than the physical limitations imposed by the
electromagnetic tracking devices. A neural network is
used to analyze the stream of coordinates from the
head-mounted display, to determine whether or not the
participant is walking on the spot. Whenever it
determines the walking behavior, the participant is
moved through virtual space in the direction of his or
her gaze. We discuss two experimental studies to assess
the impact on presence of this method in comparison to
the usual hand-pointing method of navigation in virtual
reality. The studies suggest that subjective rating of
presence is enhanced by the walking method provided
that participants associate subjectively with the
virtual body provided in the environment. An
application of the technique to climbing steps and
ladders is also presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf I.3.4} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER
GRAPHICS, Graphics Utilities, Virtual device
interfaces. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia
Information Systems, Artificial, augmented, and virtual
realities. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces. {\bf
I.3.7} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism, Virtual
reality. {\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing.",
}
@Article{Deering:1995:HVR,
author = "Michael F. Deering",
title = "{HoloSketch}: a virtual reality sketching\slash
animation tool",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "220--238",
month = sep,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-3/p220-deering/",
abstract = "This article describes HoloSketch, a virtual
reality-based 3D geometry creation and manipulation
tool. HoloSketch is aimed at providing nonprogrammers
with an easy-to-use 3D ``What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get''
environment. Using head-tracked stereo shutter glasses
and a desktop CRT display configuration, virtual
objects can be created with a 3D wand manipulator
directly in front of the user, at very high accuracy
and much more rapidly than with traditional 3D drawing
systems. HoloSketch also supports simple animation and
audio control for virtual objects. This article
describes the functions of the HoloSketch system, as
well as our experience so far with more-general issues
of head-tracked stereo 3D user interface design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Input
devices and strategies. {\bf I.3.3} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Picture/Image
Generation, Display algorithms. {\bf I.3.7} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Three-Dimensional
Graphics and Realism, Virtual reality.",
}
@Article{Greenhalgh:1995:MCV,
author = "Chris Greenhalgh and Steven Benford",
title = "{MASSIVE}: a collaborative virtual environment for
teleconferencing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "239--261",
month = sep,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-3/p239-greenhalgh/",
abstract = "We describe a prototype virtual reality
teleconferencing system called MASSIVE which has been
developed as part of our on-going research into
collaborative virtual environments. This system allows
multiple users to communicate using arbitrary
combinations of audio, graphics, and text media over
local and wide area networks. Communication is
controlled by a so-called spatial model of interaction
so that one user's perception of another user is
sensitive to their relative positions and orientations.
The key concept in this spatial model is the
(quantitative) {\em awareness\/} which one object has
of another. This is controlled by the observing
object's {\em focus\/} and the observed object's {\em
nimbus}, which describe regions of interest and
projection, respectively. Each object's {\em aura\/}
defines the total region within which it interacts.
This is applied independently in each medium. The
system (and the spatial model which it implements) is
intended to provide a flexible and natural environment
for the spatial mediation of conversation. The model
also provides a basis for scaling to relatively large
numbers of users. Our design goals include supporting
heterogeneity, scalability, spatial mediation, balance
of power, and multiple concurrent meetings; MASSIVE
meets all of these goals. Our initial experiences show
the importance of audio in collaborative VR, and they
raise issues about field of view for graphical users,
speed of navigation, quality of embodiment, varying
perceptions of space, and scalability.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; performance;
theory",
subject = "{\bf H.4.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS, Communications Applications, Computer
conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing.
{\bf C.2.4} Computer Systems Organization,
COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, Distributed Systems.
{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
User/Machine Systems. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia
Information Systems, Artificial, augmented, and virtual
realities. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Audio input/output. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Interaction styles. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Theory and methods. {\bf H.5.3} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group
and Organization Interfaces, Synchronous interaction.
{\bf H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces,
Theory and models. {\bf I.3.7} Computing Methodologies,
COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Three-Dimensional Graphics and
Realism, Virtual reality.",
}
@Article{Kessler:1995:ECW,
author = "G. Drew Kessler and Larry F. Hodges and Neff Walker",
title = "Evaluation of the {CyberGlove} as a whole-hand input
device",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "263--283",
month = dec,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-4/p263-kessler/",
abstract = "We present a careful evaluation of the sensory
characteristics of the CyberGlove model CG1801
whole-hand input device. In particular, we conducted an
experimental study that investigated the level of
sensitivity of the sensors, their performance in
recognizing angles, and factors that affected accuracy
of recognition of flexion measurements. Among our
results, we show that hand size differences among the
subjects of the study did not have a statistical effect
on the accuracy of the device. We also analyzed the
effect of different software calibration approaches on
accuracy of the sensors.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Input
devices and strategies. {\bf B.4.2} Hardware,
INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS, Input/Output
Devices. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities.
{\bf I.2.9} Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE, Robotics, Sensors.",
}
@Article{Yamada:1995:DEH,
author = "Shoji Yamada and Jung-Kook Hong and Shigeharu Sugita",
title = "Development and evaluation of hypermedia for museum
education: validation of metrics",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "284--307",
month = dec,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
note = "See corrigendum \cite{Yamada:1996:CDE}.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-4/p284-yamada/",
abstract = "To define a hypermedia system's ease of use from the
user's point of view, we propose three evaluation
metrics: an interface shallowness metric, a downward
compactness metric, and a downward navigability metric.
These express both the cognitive load on users and the
structural complexity of the hypermedia contents. We
conducted a field study at the National Museum of
Ethnology (NME) in Osaka, Japan, to evaluate our
hypermedia system and to assess the suitability of our
hypermedia metrics from the viewpoint of visiting
members of the public. After developing a
spreadsheet-type authoring system named HyperEX, we
built prototype systems for use by members of the
public visiting a special exhibition held at the
museum. Questionnaires, interviews, automatic recording
of users' navigation operations, and statistical
analysis of 449 tested users yielded the following
results. First, the suitability of the metrics was
found to be satisfactory, indicating that they are
useful for developing hypermedia systems. Second, there
is a strong relationship between a system's
enjoyability and its usability. Transparency and the
friendliness of the user interface are the key issues
in enjoyability. Finally, the quality of the video
strongly affects the overall system evaluation. Video
quality is determined by optimum selection of scenes,
the length of the video, and appropriate audio-visual
expression of the content. This video quality may
become the most important issue in developing
hypermedia for museum education.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; measurement",
subject = "{\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.1}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information Systems, Hypertext
navigation and maps**. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Interaction styles. {\bf
D.2.8} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Metrics. {\bf
J.0} Computer Applications, GENERAL.",
}
@Article{VanderZanden:1995:DCB,
author = "Brad {Vander Zanden} and Brad A. Myers",
title = "Demonstrational and constraint-based techniques for
pictorially specifying application objects and
behaviors",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "308--356",
month = dec,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-4/p308-vander_zanden/",
abstract = "The Lapidary interface design tool is a
demonstrational system that allows the graphics and
run-time behaviors that go {\em inside\/} an
application window to be specified pictorially. In
particular, Lapidary allows the designer to draw
example pictures of application-specific graphical
objects that the end user will manipulate (such as
boxes, arrows, or elements of a list), the feedback
that shows which objects are selected (such as small
boxes on the sides and corners of an object), and the
dynamic feedback objects (such as hairline boxes to
show where an object is being dragged). The run-time
behavior of all these objects can be specified ina
straightforward way using constraints, demonstration,
and dialog boxes that allow the designer to provide
abstract descriptions of the interactive response to
the input devices. Lapidary generalizes from these
specific example pictures and behaviors to create
prototype objects and behaviors from which instances
can be made at run-time. A novel feature of Lapidary's
implementation is its use of constraints that have been
explicitly specified by the designer to help it
generalize example objects and behaviors and to guide
it in making inferences.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf I.3.6} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER
GRAPHICS, Methodology and Techniques. {\bf D.2.2}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques, User interfaces.",
}
@Article{Kim:1995:IRR,
author = "Jinwoo Kim and F. Javier Lerch and Herbert A. Simon",
title = "Internal representation and rule development in
object-oriented design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "357--390",
month = dec,
year = "1995",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1995-2-4/p357-kim/",
abstract = "This article proposes a cognitive framework describing
the software development process in object-oriented
design (OOD) as building internal representations and
developing rules. Rule development (method
construction) is performed in two problem spaces: a
rule space and an instance space. Rules are generated,
refined, and evaluated in the rule space by using three
main cognitive operations: Infer, Derive, and Evoke.
Cognitive activities in the instance space are called
mental simulations and are used in conjunction with the
Infer operation in the rule space. In an empirical
study with college students, we induced different
representations to the same problem by using problem
isomorphs. Initially, subjects built a representation
based on the problem description. As rule development
proceeded, the initial internal representation and
designed objects were refined, or changed if necessary,
to correspond to knowledge gained during rule
development. Differences in rule development processes
among groups created final designs that are radically
different in terms of their level of abstraction and
potential reusability. The article concludes by
discussing the implications of these results for
object-oriented design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf D.2.10} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design**,
Representation**. {\bf D.1.5} Software, PROGRAMMING
TECHNIQUES, Object-oriented Programming. {\bf D.3.2}
Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
Classifications, Object-oriented languages.",
}
@Article{Lim:1996:EII,
author = "Kai H. Lim and Izak Benbasat and Peter A. Todd",
title = "An experimental investigation of the interactive
effects of interface style, instructions, and task
familiarity on user performance",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "1--37",
month = mar,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-1/p1-lim/",
abstract = "Norman proposed a model describing the sequence of
user activities involved in human-computer interaction.
Through this model, Norman provides a rationale for why
direct-manipulation interfaces may be preferred to
other design alternatives. Based on {\em action
identification theory\/} we developed several
hypotheses about the operations of Norman's model and
tested them in a laboratory experiment. The results
show that users of a direct-manipulation interface and
a menu-based interface did not differ in the total
amount of time used to perform a task. However, with
the direct-manipulation interface, more time is devoted
to performing {\em motor actions}, but this is offset
by shorter {\em nonmotor time}. Furthermore, there are
significant interactions between task familiarity,
instructions, and the type of interface, indicating
that Norman's model may not hold under all
conditions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces. {\bf
D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf H.1.2} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems.
{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, User interface
management systems (UIMS). {\bf I.3.6} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Methodology and
Techniques, Interaction techniques.",
}
@Article{Johnson:1996:CPS,
author = "Jeff A. Johnson and Bonnie A. Nardi",
title = "Creating presentation slides: a study of user
preferences for task-specific versus generic
application software",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "38--65",
month = mar,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-1/p38-johnson/",
abstract = "We conducted a study to investigate the use of generic
versus task-specific application software by people who
create and maintain presentation slides. Sixteen people
were interviewed to determine how they prepare slides,
what software they use to prepare and maintain slides,
and how well the software they use supports various
aspects of the task. The informants varied in how
central slidemaking was to their jobs. The hypotheses
driving the study were that: (1) some software
applications are task generic, intended for use in a
wide variety of tasks, while others are task specific,
intended to support very specific tasks; (2)
task-specific software is preferable, but is often not
used because of cost, learning effort, or lack of
availability, and (3) people who infrequently perform a
task tend to use generic tools, while people who often
perform it tend to use task-specific tools. Our
findings suggest that several factors influence choice
of slidemaking software, including desired quality,
production time, user skill, willingness to use
multiple tools, whether people work alone or in teams,
and company policy. Furthermore, the task
specificity/genericness of an application program is
not a simple matter of {\em degree}, because it depends
on several fairly independent software design issues.
We (1) conclude that developing application software
that supports all aspects of a task well is extremely
difficult and (2) suggest an alternative approach that
may be more fruitful: providing collections of
interoperable tools and services.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces. {\bf
H.4.0} Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS, General. {\bf I.3.4} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Graphics Utilities,
Graphics editors. {\bf K.8.1} Computing Milieux,
PERSONAL COMPUTING, Application Packages, Graphics.
{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf I.3.4}
Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Graphics
Utilities, Application packages.",
}
@Article{Roseman:1996:BRG,
author = "Mark Roseman and Saul Greenberg",
title = "Building real-time groupware with {GroupKit}, a
groupware toolkit",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "66--106",
month = mar,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-1/p66-roseman/",
abstract = "This article presents an overview of GroupKit, a
groupware toolkit that lets developers build
applications for synchronous and distributed
computer-based conferencing. GroupKit was constructed
from our belief that programming groupware should be
only slightly harder than building functionally similar
single-user systems. We have been able to significantly
reduce the implementation complexity of groupware
through the key features that comprise GroupKit. A {\em
runtime infrastructure\/} automatically manages the
creation, interconnection, and communications of the
distributed processes that comprise conference
sessions. A set of {\em groupware programming
abstractions\/} allows developers to control the
behavior of distributed processes, to take action on
state changes, and to share relevant data. {\em
Groupware widgets\/} let interface features of value to
conference participants to be easily added to groupware
applications. {\em Session managers\/} --- interfaces
that let people create and manage their meetings ---
are decoupled from groupware applications and are built
by developers to accommodate the group's working style.
Example GroupKit applications in a variety of domains
have been implemented with only modest effort.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, User
interface management systems (UIMS). {\bf D.2.2}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf D.3.3} Software,
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and
Features. {\bf D.4.7} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS,
Organization and Design, Interactive systems. {\bf
H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces,
Synchronous interaction.",
}
@Article{Healey:1996:HVE,
author = "Christopher G. Healey and Kellogg S. Booth and James
T. Enns",
title = "High-speed visual estimation using preattentive
processing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "107--135",
month = jun,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-2/p107-healey/",
abstract = "A new method is presented for performing rapid and
accurate numerical estimation. The method is derived
from an area of human cognitive psychology called
preattentive processing. Preattentive processing refers
to an initial organization of the visual field based on
cognitive operations believed to be rapid, automatic,
and spatially parallel. Examples of visual features
that can be detected in this way include hue,
intensity, orientation, size, and motion. We believe
that studies from preattentive vision should be used to
assist in the design of visualization tools, especially
those for which high-speed target detection, boundary
identification, and region detection are important. In
our present study, we investigated two known
preattentive features (hue and orientation) in the
context of a new task (numerical estimation) in order
to see whether preattentive estimation was possible.
Our experiments tested displays that were designed to
visualize data from salmon migration simulations. The
results showed that rapid and accurate estimation was
indeed possible using either hue or orientation.
Furthermore, random variation in one of these features
resulted in no interference when subjects estimated the
percentage of the other. To test the generality of our
results, we varied two important display parameters ---
display duration and feature difference --- and found
boundary conditions for each. Implications of our
results for application to real-world data and tasks
are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; performance",
subject = "{\bf I.3.6} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER
GRAPHICS, Methodology and Techniques, Interaction
techniques. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Ergonomics. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Screen design. {\bf I.3.6} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Methodology and
Techniques, Ergonomics.",
}
@Article{Hertzum:1996:BQO,
author = "Morten Hertzum and Erik Fr{\o}kj{\ae}r",
title = "Browsing and querying in online documentation: a study
of user interfaces and the interaction process",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "136--161",
month = jun,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-2/p136-hertzum/",
abstract = "A user interface study concerning the usage
effectiveness of selected retrieval modes was conducted
using an experimental text retrieval system, TeSS,
giving access to online documentation of certain
programming tools. Four modes of TeSS were compared:
(1) browsing, (2) conventional boolean retrieval, (3)
boolean retrieval based on Venn diagrams, and (4) these
three combined. Further, the modes of TeSS were
compared to the use of printed manuals. The subjects
observed were 87 computing new to them. In the
experiment the use of printed manuals is faster and
provides answers of higher quality than any of the
electronic modes. Therefore, claims about the
effectiveness of computer-based text retrieval have to
by vary in situations where printed manuals are
manageable to the user. Among the modes of TeSS,
browsing is the fastest and the one causing the fewest
operational errors. On the same two variables, time and
operational errors, the Venn diagram mode performs
better than conventional boolean retrieval. The
combined mode scores worst on the objective performance
measures; nonetheless nearly all subject prefer this
mode. Concerning the interaction process, the subjects
tend to manage the complexities of the information
retrieval tasks by issuing series of simple commands
and exploiting the interactive capabilities of TeSS. To
characterize the dynamics of the interaction process
two concepts are introduced; threads and sequences of
tactics. Threads in a query sequence describes the
continuity during retrieval. Sequences of tactics
concern the combined mode and describe how different
retrieval modes succeed each other as the retrieval
process evolves.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors; performance",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces,
Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.3.3} Information
Systems, INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, Information
Search and Retrieval, Query formulation. {\bf H.3.3}
Information Systems, INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL,
Information Search and Retrieval, Retrieval models.
{\bf H.3.4} Information Systems, INFORMATION STORAGE
AND RETRIEVAL, Systems and Software. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Training, help, and
documentation.",
}
@Article{Schaffer:1996:NHC,
author = "Doug Schaffer and Zhengping Zuo and Saul Greenberg and
Lyn Bartram and John Dill and Shelli Dubs and Mark
Roseman",
title = "Navigating hierarchically clustered networks through
fisheye and full-zoom methods",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "162--188",
month = jun,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-2/p162-schaffer/",
abstract = "Many information structures are represented as
two-dimensional networks (connected graphs) of links
and nodes. Because these network tend to be large and
quite complex, people often prefer to view part or all
of the network at varying levels of detail. {\em
Hierarchical clustering\/} provides a framework for
viewing the network at different levels of detail by
superimposing a hierarchy on it. Nodes are grouped into
clusters, and clusters are themselves place into other
clusters. Users can then navigate these clusters until
an appropriate level of detail is reached. This article
describes an experiment comparing two methods for
viewing hierarchically clustered networks. Traditional
{\em full-zoom\/} techniques provide details of only
the current level of the hierarchy. In contrast, {\em
fisheye views}, generated by the ``variable-zoom''
algorithm described in this article, provide
information about higher levels as well. Subjects using
both viewing methods were given problem-solving tasks
requiring them to navigate a network, in this case, a
simulated telephone system, and to reroute links in it.
Results suggest that the greater context provided by
fisheye views significantly improved user performance.
Users were quicker to complete their task and made
fewer unnecessary navigational steps through the
hierarchy. This validation of fisheye views in
important for designers of interfaces to complicated
monitoring systems, such as control rooms for
supervisory control and data acquistion systems, where
efficient human performance is often critical. However,
control room operators remained concerned about the
size and visibility tradeoffs between the fine room
operators remained concerned about the size and
visibility tradeoffs between the fine detail provided
by full-zoom techniques and the global context supplied
by fisheye views. Specific interface features are
required to reconcile the differences.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors; measurement",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces,
Interaction styles. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Theory and methods. {\bf I.3.6} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Methodology and
Techniques, Interaction techniques.",
}
@Article{Yamada:1996:CDE,
author = "Shoji Yamada and Jung-Kook Hong and Shigeharu Sugita",
title = "Corrigendum {[``Development and evaluation of
hypermedia for museum education: validation and
metrics'', ACM Trans. Human Interact. 2, 4(Dec. 1995)
284--307]}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "Page 285",
month = sep,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
note = "See \cite{Yamada:1996:CDE}.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-3/p285-yamada/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; measurement",
subject = "{\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.1}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information Systems, Hypertext
navigation and maps**. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Interaction styles. {\bf
J.0} Computer Applications, GENERAL. {\bf D.2.8}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Metrics.",
}
@Article{Rieman:1996:FSE,
author = "John Rieman",
title = "A field study of exploratory learning strategies",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "189--218",
month = sep,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-3/p189-rieman/",
abstract = "It has suggested that interactive computer users find
``exploratory learning'' to be an effective and
attractive strategy for learning a new system or
investigating unknown features of familiar software. In
exploratory learning, instead of working through
precisely sequenced training materials, the user
investigates a system on his or her own initiative,
often in pursuit of a real or artificial task. The
value of exploratory learning has been studied in
controlled settings, with special attention newly
acquired systems, be there has been little
investigation of its occurrence in natural situations
or in support of ongoing learning. To address this
question, a field study of the behavior and attitudes
of computer users in everyday working situations was
performed, using diaries and structured interviews that
focused on learning events. The study showed that
task-oriented exploration was a widely accepted method
for learning, but that it often required support from
manuals and from other users or system support
personnel. Exploration not related to a current or
pending task was infrequent, and most users believed it
to be inefficient. These findings have implications for
the design of systems, documentation, and training.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "documentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Training,
help, and documentation. {\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING, Design Tools and Techniques, User
interfaces.",
}
@Article{Rosson:1996:RUS,
author = "Mary Beth Rosson and John M. Carroll",
title = "The reuse of uses in {Smalltalk} programming",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "219--253",
month = sep,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-3/p219-rosson/",
abstract = "Software reuse, a long-standing and refractory issue
in software technology, has been specifically
emphasized as an advantage of the object-oriented
programming paradigm. We report an empirical study of
expert Smalltalk programmers reusing user interface
classes in small graphical applications. Our primary
goal was to develop a qualitative characterization of
expert reuse strategies that could be used to identify
requirements for teaching and supporting reuse
programming. A secondary interest was to demonstrate to
these experts the Reuse View Matcher --- a prototype
reuse tool --- and to collect some initial observations
of this tool in use during reuse programming. We
observed extensive ``reuse of uses'' in the
programmers' work: they relied heavily on code in
example applications that provided an implicit
specification for reuse of the target class. We called
this implicit specification a ``usage context.'' The
programmers searched for relevant usage contexts early.
They repeatedly evaluated the contextualized
information to develop solution plans, and they
borrowed and adapted it when the sample context suited
their immediate reuse goals. The process of code
development was highly dynamic and incremental;
analysis and implementation were tightly interleaved,
frequently driven by testing and debugging. These
results are considered in terms of the tradeoffs that
inhere in the reuse of uses and the teaching and tool
support that might improve the efficiency and accuracy
of this approach to reuse.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "documentation; human factors; languages",
subject = "{\bf D.1.5} Software, PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES,
Object-oriented Programming. {\bf D.2.6} Software,
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Programming Environments. {\bf
D.2.m} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Miscellaneous,
Reusable software**. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Training, help, and documentation.",
}
@Article{Zhai:1996:PEU,
author = "Shumin Zhai and William Buxton and Paul Milgram",
title = "The partial-occlusion effect: utilizing
semitransparency in {3D} human-computer interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "254--284",
month = sep,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-3/p254-zhai/",
abstract = "This study investigates human performance when using
semitransparent tools in interactive 3D computer
graphics environments. The article briefly reviews
techniques for presenting depth information and
examples of applying semitransparency in computer
interface design. We hypothesize that when the user
moves a semitransparent surface in a 3D environment,
the ``partial-occlusion'' effect introduced through
semitransparency acts as an effective cue in target
localization --- an essential component in many 3D
interaction tasks. This hypothesis was tested in an
experiment in which subjects were asked to capture
dynamic targets (virtual fish) with two versions of a
3D box cursor, one with and one without semitransparent
surfaces. Results showed that the partial-occlusion
effect through semitransparency significantly improved
users' performance in terms of trial completion time,
error rate, and error magnitude in both monoscopic and
stereoscopic displays. Subjective evaluations supported
the conclusions drawn from performance measures. The
experimental results and their implications are
discussed, with emphasis on the relative, discrete
nature of the partial-occlusion effect and on
interactions between different depth cues. The article
concludes with proposals of a few future research
issues and applications of semitransparency in
human-computer interaction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; measurement",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces,
Interaction styles. {\bf H.1.2} Information Systems,
MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human
factors. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Input
devices and strategies. {\bf I.3.6} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Methodology and
Techniques, Interaction techniques. {\bf I.3.7}
Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism, Virtual
reality.",
}
@Article{John:1996:UGU,
author = "Bonnie E. John and David E. Kieras",
title = "Using {GOMS} for user interface design and evaluation:
which technique?",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "287--319",
month = dec,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-4/p287-john/",
abstract = "Since the seminal book, {\em The Psychology of
Human-Computer Interaction}, the GOMS model has been
one of the few widely known theoretical concepts in
human-computer interaction. This concept has spawned
much research to verify and extend the original work
and has been used in real-world design and evaluation
situations. This article synthesizes the previous work
on GOMS to provide an integrated view of GOMS models
and how they can be used in design. We briefly describe
the major variants of GOMS that have matured
sufficiently to be used in actual design. We then
provide guidance to practitioners about which GOMS
variant to use for different design situations.
Finally, we present examples of the application of GOMS
to practical design problems and then summarize the
lessons learned.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing.",
}
@Article{John:1996:GFU,
author = "Bonnie E. John and David E. Kieras",
title = "The {GOMS} family of user interface analysis
techniques: comparison and contrast",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "320--351",
month = dec,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-4/p320-john/",
abstract = "Sine the publication of {\em The Psychology of
Human-Computer Interaction}, the GOMS model has been
one of the most widely known theoretical concepts in
HCI. This concept has produced several GOMS analysis
techniques that differ in appearance and form,
underlying architectural assumptions, and predictive
power. This article compares and contrasts four popular
variants of the GOMS family (the Keystroke-Level Model,
the original GOMS formulation, NGOMSL, and CPM-GOMS) by
applying them to a single task example.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing.",
}
@Article{Recker:1996:PDA,
author = "Margaret M. Recker and James E. Pitkow",
title = "Predicting document access in large multimedia
repositories",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "352--375",
month = dec,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-4/p352-recker/",
abstract = "Network-accessible multimedia databases, repositories,
and libraries are proliferating at a rapid rate. A
crucial problem for these repositories remains timely
and appropriate document access. In this article, we
borrow a model from psychological research on human
memory, which has long studied retrieval of memory
items based on frequency and recency rates of past item
occurrences. Specifically, the model uses frequency and
recency rates of prior document accesses to predict
future document requests. The model is illustrated by
analyzing the log file of document accesses to the
Georgia Institute of Technology World Wide Web (WWW)
repository, a large multimedia repository exhibiting
high access rates. Results show that the model predicts
document access rates with a reliable degree of
accuracy. We describe extensions to the basic approach
that combine the recency and frequency analyses and
which incorporate repository structure and document
type. These results have implications for the
formulation of descriptive user models of information
access in large repositories. In addition, we sketch
applications in the areas of design of information
systems and interfaces and their document-caching
algorithms.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors; measurement",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia
Information Systems, Evaluation/methodology.",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1996:AI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Author index",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "376--377",
month = dec,
year = "1996",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1996-3-4/p376-author_index/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
subject = "{\bf A.2} General Literature, REFERENCE.",
}
@Article{Schmandt:1997:ISI,
author = "Chris Schmandt and Nichole Yankelovich",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on speech as data",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "1",
pages = "1--1",
month = mar,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-1/p1-schmandt/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "theory",
subject = "{\bf A.0} General Literature, GENERAL.",
}
@Article{Arons:1997:SSI,
author = "Barry Arons",
title = "{SpeechSkimmer}: a system for interactively skimming
recorded speech",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "1",
pages = "3--38",
month = mar,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-1/p3-arons/",
abstract = "Listening to a speech recording is much more difficult
than visually scanning a document because of the
transient and temporal nature of audio. Audio
recordings capture the richness of speech, yet it is
difficult to directly browse the stored information.
This article describes techniques for structuring,
filtering, and presenting recorded speech, allowing a
user to navigate and interactively find information in
the audio domain. This article describes the
SpeechSkimmer system for interactively skimming speech
recordings. SpeechSkimmer uses speech-processing
techniques to allow a user to hear recorded sounds
quickly, and at several levels of detail. User
interaction, through a manual input device, provides
continuous real-time control of the speed and detail
level of the audio presentation. SpeechSkimmer reduces
the time needed to listen by incorporating
time-compressed speech, pause shortening, automatic
emphasis detection, and nonspeech audio feedback. This
article also presents a multilevel structural approach
to auditory skimming and user interface techniques for
interacting with recorded speech. An observational
usability test of SpeechSkimmer is discussed, as well
as a redesign and reimplementation of the user
interface based on the results of this usability
test.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Audio input/output. {\bf D.2.2} Software,
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and Techniques, User
interfaces. {\bf H.3.3} Information Systems,
INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, Information Search
and Retrieval. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Input devices and
strategies. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Interaction styles.",
}
@Article{Ackerman:1997:HLF,
author = "Mark S. Ackerman and Brian Starr and Debby Hindus and
Scott D. Mainwaring",
title = "Hanging on the `wire: a field study of an audio-only
media space",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "1",
pages = "39--66",
month = mar,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-1/p39-ackerman/",
abstract = "The primary focus of this article is an analysis of an
audio-only media space from a computer-supported
cooperative work (CSCW) perspective. To explore whether
audio by itself is suitable for shared media systems,
we studied a workgroup using an audio-only media space.
This media space, called Thunderwire, combined
high-quality audio with open connections to create a
shared space for its users. The two-month field study
provided a richly nuanced understanding of this audio
spaces social use. The system afforded rich sociable
interactions. As well, users were able to create a
useful, usable social space; however, through an
analysis of the social norms that the participants
formulated, we show that they had to take into account
being in an audio-only environment. Within the field
study, then, audio by itself was sufficient for a
usable media space and a useful social space, but users
were forced to adapt to many audio-only and system
conditions. The article also considers audio's
implications for privacy.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "theory",
subject = "{\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Audio input/output. {\bf H.1.2} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems,
Human factors. {\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS
AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing. {\bf H.4.3} Information Systems,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, Communications
Applications. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia
Information Systems, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf
H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology.
{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Interaction styles.
{\bf H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces.
{\bf J.4} Computer Applications, SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCES.",
}
@Article{Huguenard:1997:WFP,
author = "Brian R. Huguenard and F. Javier Lerch and Brian W.
Junker and Richard J. Patz and Robert E. Kass",
title = "Working-memory failure in phone-based interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "67--102",
month = jun,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-2/p67-huguenard/",
abstract = "This article investigates working-memory (WM) failure
in phone-based interaction (PBI). We used a
computational model of phone-based interaction (PBI
USER) to generate predictions about the impact of three
factors on WM failure:PBI features (i.e. menu
structure), individual differences (i.e., WM capacity),
and task characteristics (i.e., number of tasks). Our
computational model stipulates that both the storage
{\em and\/} the processing of information contribute to
WM failure. In practical terms the model and the
empirical results indicate that, contrary to guidelines
for the design of phone-based interfaces, deep menu
hierarchies (no more than three options per menu) do
not reduce WM error rates in PBI. At a more theoretical
level, the study shows that the use of a computational
model in HCI research provides a systematic approach
for explaining complex empirical results.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors; performance",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Theory and methods.",
}
@Article{Rodham:1997:NAS,
author = "Kenneth J. Rodham and Dan R. {Olsen, Jr.}",
title = "Nanites: an approach to structure-based monitoring",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "103--136",
month = jun,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-2/p103-rodham/",
abstract = "The focal point of many interactive systems is an
information artifact being created and manipulated by
one or more users through a user interface. The
software components of such an interactive system
perform their tasks relative to the data structures
that represent the information artifact. System
components interact with each other by changing these
data and responding when relevant changes are made to
them by other components. Perhaps the most difficult
problem to be solved when building such data-centric
systems is the monitoring problem. System components
require the ability to watch for and respond to changes
made to complex data structures. Previous monitoring
approaches are geared toward monitoring single data
items rather than entire data structures. This article
describes a new monitoring approach called Nanites that
is designed to simplify the task of monitoring complex
data structures.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; performance",
subject = "{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces. {\bf
D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques.",
}
@Article{Whittaker:1997:TML,
author = "Steve Whittaker and Jerry Swanson and Jakov Kucan and
Candy Sidner",
title = "{TeleNotes}: managing lightweight interactions in the
desktop",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "137--168",
month = jun,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-2/p137-whittaker/",
abstract = "Communication theories and technology have tended to
focus on extended, formal meetings and have neglected a
prevalent and vital form of workplace communication ---
namely, lightweight communication. Unlike formal,
extended meetings, lightweight interaction is brief,
informal, unplanned, and intermittent. We analyze
naturalistic data from a study of work-place
communication and derive five design criteria for
lightweight interaction systems. These criteria require
that systems for lightweight interaction support {\em
conversational tracking, rapid connection}, the ability
to {\em leave a message}, {\em context management}, and
{\em shared real-time objects}. Using these criteria,
we evaluate existing interpersonal communications
technologies. We then describe an implementation of a
system (TeleNotes) that is designed to support
lightweight interaction by meeting these criteria. The
interface metaphor allows communications to be based
around desktop objects, resembling ``sticky notes.''
These objects are also organized into ``desktop piles''
to support conversational threads and provide
mechanisms for initiating real-time audio, video, and
application sharing. We conducted informal user testing
of several system prototypes. Based on our findings,
outstanding issues concerning theory and systems design
for communication systems are outlined --- in
particular, with regard to the issue of managing
conversations over time.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group and Organization
Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.1.2}
Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf H.5.3}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces,
Asynchronous interaction. {\bf I.3.6} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Methodology and
Techniques, Interaction techniques. {\bf H.5.3}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces,
Synchronous interaction. {\bf H.5.1} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION,
Multimedia Information Systems,
Evaluation/methodology.",
}
@Article{Wiedenbeck:1997:HPL,
author = "Susan Wiedenbeck and Patti L. Zila",
title = "Hands-on practice in learning to use software: a
comparison of exercise, exploration, and combined
formats",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "169--196",
month = jun,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-2/p169-wiedenbeck/",
abstract = "This research addresses two issues in the domain of
computer training (1) whether learners are able to use
exploration-based practice methods effectively to learn
to use software and (2) whether some minimal computing
background is necessary to be successful with
minimalist training and exploration practice. An
empirical study was carried out to compare exploration,
exercises, and a combined format consisting of an
exercise followed by exploration. Subjects of both high
and low computer experience were included in the study.
It was thought that the combined format might lead to
superior training outcomes because it would both
structure learning through an exercise and allow
learners to go beyond the simple procedures in the
training manual through exploration. The results showed
that the performance of the low-experience subjects at
test did not differ based on the type of practice.
However, high-experience subjects who were trained
using exercises or the combined format did
significantly better than those trained using
exploration alone. The similarity of performance of
subjects in the exercise and combined practice
conditions suggests that the exercise component of the
practice explains their success.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf K.3.2} Computing Milieux, COMPUTERS AND
EDUCATION, Computer and Information Science Education,
Information systems education. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Training, help, and documentation.",
}
@Article{Cohen:1997:DGC,
author = "Jonathan D. Cohen",
title = "Drawing graphs to convey proximity: an incremental
arrangement method",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "197--229",
month = sep,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-3/p197-cohen/",
abstract = "Graph drawings are increasingly finding their way into
user interfaces to convey a variety of relationships.
This article deals with rendering graphs to show
proximity between vertices by making their
configuration (screen) distances reflect their
distances in the graph. An arrangement method is
described that achieves good drawings at speeds
suitable for user interaction on a desktop computer.
The method is ``incremental'' in that it first arranges
a small portion of the graph, then arranges
successively larger fractions of the graph until a
suitable arrangement for the entirety is achieved. The
incremental approach not only offers speed
improvements, but avoids many of the suboptimal
solutions reached with other iterative approaches.
Algorithms are described in pseudocode, and results are
presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "algorithms; human factors; performance",
subject = "{\bf I.3.7} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER
GRAPHICS, Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism,
Color, shading, shadowing, and texture. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Screen design.",
}
@Article{Kieras:1997:PEM,
author = "David E. Kieras and Scott D. Wood and David E. Meyer",
title = "Predictive engineering models based on the {EPIC}
architecture for a multimodal high-performance
human-computer interaction task",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "230--275",
month = sep,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-3/p230-kieras/",
abstract = "Engineering models of human performance permit some
aspects of usability of interface designs to be
predicted from an analysis of the task, and thus they
can replace to some extent expensive user-testing data.
We successfully predicted human performance in
telephone operator tasks with engineering models
constructed in the EPIC ({\bf E}xecutive {\bf
P}rocess-{\bf I}nteractive {\bf C}ontrol) architecture
for human information processing, which is especially
suited for modeling multimodal, complex tasks, and has
demonstrated success in other task domains. Several
models were constructed on an {\em a priori\/} basis to
represent different hypotheses about how operators
coordinate their activities to produce rapid task
performance. The models predicted the total time with
useful accuracy and clarified some important properties
of the task. The best model was based directly on the
GOMS analysis of the task and made simple assumptions
about the operator's task strategy, suggesting that
EPIC models are a feasible approach to predicting
performance in multimodal high-performance tasks.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human information
processing. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces.",
}
@Article{Modugno:1997:GRP,
author = "Francesmary Modugno and Albert T. Corbett and Brad A.
Myers",
title = "Graphical representation of programs in a
demonstrational visual shell --- an empirical
evaluation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "276--308",
month = sep,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-3/p276-modugno/",
abstract = "An open question in the area of Programming by
Demonstration (PBD) is how to best represent the
inferred program. Without a way to view, edit, and
share programs, PBD systems will never reach their full
potential. We designed and implemented two graphical
representation languages for a PBD desktop similar to
the Apple Macintosh Finder. Although a user study
showed that both languages enabled nonprogrammers to
generate and comprehend programs, the study also
revealed that the language that more closely reflected
the desktop domain doubled users' abilities to
accurately generate programs. Trends suggest that the
same language was easier for users to comprehend. These
findings suggest that it is possible for a PBD system
to enable nonprogrammers to construct programs and that
the form of the representation can impact the PBD
system's effectiveness. A paper-and-pencil evaluation
of the two versions of the PBD desktop prior to the
study supported these finding and provided interesting
feedback on the interaction between usability
evaluations and user studies. In particular, the
comparison of the paper-and-pencil evaluation with the
empirical evaluation suggested that nonempirical
evaluation techniques can provide guidance into how to
interpret empirical data and, in particular, that PBD
systems need to provide support for
programming-strategy selection in order to be
successful.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf D.1.7} Software, PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, Visual
Programming. {\bf D.1.2} Software, PROGRAMMING
TECHNIQUES, Automatic Programming. {\bf D.m} Software,
MISCELLANEOUS, Software psychology**.",
}
@Article{Ware:1997:SUO,
author = "Colin Ware and Kathy Lowther",
title = "Selection using a one-eyed cursor in a fish tank {VR}
environment",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "309--322",
month = dec,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-4/p309-ware/",
abstract = "This study investigates the use of a 2D cursor
presented to one eye for target selection in Fish Tank
VR and other stereo environments. It is argued that 2D
selection of 3D objects should be less difficult than
3D selection. Vision research concerning binocular
rivalry and the tendency we have to project images onto
surfaces suggests that this mode of viewing will not
seem particularly unnatural. A Fitt's Law experiment
was done to directly compare target acquisition with a
one-eyed 2D cursor and target acquisition using a 3D
cursor. In both cases we used the same input device
(Polhemus Fastrak) so that the device lag and gain
parameters were exactly matched. The results show a
large improvement in target acquisition time using the
2D cursor. The practical implications of this is that
the 2D selection method using a one-eyed cursor in
preferable to the 3D selection method. Theoretical
implications relate to methods for extending Fitts' Law
from the one-dimensional task for which it was designed
to 2D and 3D tasks. We conclude that the existing
approaches to this problem are not adequate.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; theory",
subject = "{\bf I.3.6} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER
GRAPHICS, Methodology and Techniques, Interaction
techniques.",
}
@Article{Watson:1997:MLD,
author = "Benjamin Watson and Neff Walker and Larry F. Hodges
and Aileen Worden",
title = "Managing level of detail through peripheral
degradation: effects on search performance with a
head-mounted display",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "323--346",
month = dec,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-4/p323-watson/",
abstract = "Two user studies were performed to evaluate the effect
of level-of-detail (LOD) degradation in the periphery
of head-mounted displays on visual search performance.
In the first study, spatial detail was degraded by
reducing resolution. In the second study, detail was
degraded in the color domain by using grayscale in the
periphery. In each study, 10 subjects were given a
complex search task that required users to indicate
whether or not a target object was present among
distractors. Subjects used several different displays
varying in the amount of detail presented. Frame rate,
object location, subject input method, and order of
display use were all controlled. The primary dependent
measures were search time on correctly performed trials
and the percentage of all trials correctly performed.
Results indicated that peripheral LOD degradation can
be used to reduce color or spatial visual complexity by
almost half in some search tasks with out significantly
reducing performance.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf
H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Screen design. {\bf
H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Theory and methods. {\bf
I.3.7} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism, Virtual
reality.",
}
@Article{Wolber:1997:PIB,
author = "David Wolber",
title = "Pavlov: an interface builder for designing animated
interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "347--386",
month = dec,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-4/p347-wolber/",
abstract = "Conventional interface builders provide little support
for interactive development of interfaces with
application-specific graphics. Some Programming by
Demonstration (PBD) systems do provide such support,
but none provide full support for demonstrating
interfaces, such as those in games, in which the
graphics are animated. This article proposes a number
of techniques for creating animated interfaces, all of
which have been included in an exploratory system, {\em
Pavlov}. Many of the techniques are based on the
addition of timing controls to a form of PBD called
{\em stimulus-response demonstration}. Others are based
on an adaptation of a traditional animation time-line
that integrates end-user interaction with animation.
The article also evaluates {\em Pavlov\/} with (1) a
comparison to other PBD systems in terms of the
behaviors that can be specified interactively and (2) a
report on an informal user study comparing development
in {\em Pavlov\/} to development in a conventional
interface builder.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf D.2.6} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
Programming Environments, Interactive environments.
{\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design
Tools and Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf I.2.1}
Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
Applications and Expert Systems, Games. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces.",
}
@Article{Anonymous:1997:AI,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "Author index",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "387--388",
month = dec,
year = "1997",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1997-4-4/p387-author_index/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Burnett:1998:GDE,
author = "Margaret M. Burnett and Herkimer J. Gottfried",
title = "Graphical definitions: expanding spreadsheet languages
through direct manipulation and gestures",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "1--33",
month = mar,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-1/p1-burnett/",
abstract = "In the past, attempts to extend the spreadsheet
paradigm to support graphical objects, such as colored
circles or user-defined graphical types, have led to
approaches featuring {\em either\/} a direct way of
creating objects graphically {\em or\/} strong
compatibility with the spreadsheet paradigm, but not
both. This inability to conveniently go beyond numbers
and strings without straying outside the spreadsheet
paradigm has been a limiting factor in the
applicability of spreadsheet languages. In this article
we present graphical definitions, an approach that
removes this limitation, allowing both simple and
complex graphical objects to be programmed directly
using direct manipulation and gestures, in a manner
that fits seamlessly within the spreadsheet paradigm.
We also describe an empirical study, in which subjects
programmed such objects faster and with fewer errors
using this approach than when using a traditional
approach to formula specification. Because the approach
is expressive enough to be used with both built-in and
user-defined types, it allows the directness of
demonstrational and spreadsheet techniques to be used
in programming a wider range of applications than has
been possible before.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; languages",
subject = "{\bf H.4.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS, Office Automation, Spreadsheets. {\bf
D.1.1} Software, PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, Applicative
(Functional) Programming. {\bf D.1.7} Software,
PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, Visual Programming. {\bf D.3.3}
Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs
and Features, Abstract data types. {\bf D.3.3}
Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs
and Features, Data types and structures.",
}
@Article{Dewan:1998:CAM,
author = "Prasun Dewan and Honghai Shen",
title = "Controlling access in multiuser interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "34--62",
month = mar,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-1/p34-dewan/",
abstract = "Traditionally, access control has been studied in the
areas of operating systems and database management
systems. With the advent of multiuser interfaces, there
is a need to provide access control in the user
interface. We have developed a general framework for
supporting access control in multiuser interfaces. It
is based on the classical notion of an access matrix, a
generalized editing-based model of user-application
interaction, and a flexible model of user-user
coupling. It has been designed to support flexible
control of all significant shared operations,
high-level specification of access control policies,
and automatic and efficient implementation of access
control in a multiuser interface. It supports several
new kinds of protected objects including sessions,
windows, and hierarchical active variables; a large set
of rights including not only the traditional semantic
rights but also interaction and coupling rights; a set
of inference rules for deriving default permissions;
and a programming interface for implementing access
control in multiuser interfaces. We have implemented
the framework as part of a system called Suite. This
article describes and motivates the framework using the
concrete example of Suite, identifies some of the
difficult issues we faced in its design, describes our
preliminary experience with it, and suggests directions
for future work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; languages",
subject = "{\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design
Tools and Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf C.2.4}
Computer Systems Organization, COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS, Distributed Systems, Distributed
applications. {\bf D.2.6} Software, SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING, Programming Environments, Interactive
environments. {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and Features,
Input/output. {\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS
AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human factors.
{\bf H.4.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS, Office Automation. {\bf C.2.4} Computer
Systems Organization, COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS,
Distributed Systems, Distributed databases. {\bf I.7.2}
Computing Methodologies, DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING,
Document Preparation.",
}
@Article{Sun:1998:ACC,
author = "Chengzheng Sun and Xiaohua Jia and Yanchun Zhang and
Yun Yang and David Chen",
title = "Achieving convergence, causality preservation, and
intention preservation in real-time cooperative editing
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "63--108",
month = mar,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-1/p63-sun/",
abstract = "Real-time cooperative editing systems allow multiple
users to view and edit the same
text/graphic/image/multimedia document at the same time
for multiple sites connected by communication networks.
Consistency maintenance is one of the most significant
challenges in designing and implementing real-time
cooperative editing systems. In this article, a
consistency model, with properties of convergence,
causality preservation, and intention preservation, is
proposed as a framework for consistency maintenance in
real-time cooperative editing systems. Moreover, an
integrated set of schemes and algorithms, which support
the proposed consistency model, are devised and
discussed in detail. In particular, we have contributed
(1) a novel generic operation transformation control
algorithm for achieving intention preservation in
combination with schemes for achieving convergence and
causality preservation and (2) a pair of reversible
inclusion and exclusion transformation algorithms for
stringwise operations for text editing. An
Internet-based prototype system has been built to test
the feasibility of the proposed schemes and
algorithms",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "algorithms; design; human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group and Organization
Interfaces, Synchronous interaction. {\bf C.2.4}
Computer Systems Organization, COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS, Distributed Systems, Distributed
applications. {\bf D.2.2} Software, SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING, Design Tools and Techniques, User
interfaces. {\bf H.5.3} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group and
Organization Interfaces, Theory and models. {\bf H.1.2}
Information Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES,
User/Machine Systems, Human factors.",
}
@Article{Dourish:1998:UMT,
author = "Paul Dourish",
title = "Using metalevel techniques in a flexible toolkit for
{CSCW} applications",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "109--155",
month = jun,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-2/p109-dourish/",
abstract = "Ideally, software toolkits for collaborative
applications should provide generic, reusable
components, applicable in a wide range of
circumstances, which software developers can assemble
to produce new applications. However, the nature of
CSCW applications and the mechanics of group
interaction present a problem. Group interactions are
significantly constrained by the structure of the
underlying infrastructure, below the level at which
toolkits typically offer control. This article
describes the design features of Prospero, a prototype
CSCW toolkit designed to be much more flexible than
traditional toolkit techniques allow. Prospero uses a
metalevel architecture so that application programmers
can have control over not only how toolkit components
are combined and used, but also over aspects of how
they are internally structured and defined. This
approach allows programmers to gain access to
``internal'' aspects of the toolkit's operation that
affect how interaction and collaboration proceed. This
article explains the metalevel approach and its
application to CSCW, introduces two particular
metalevel techniques for distributed data management
and consistency control, shows how they are realized in
Prospero, and illustrates how Prospero can be used to
create a range of collaborative applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; human factors; languages",
subject = "{\bf C.2.4} Computer Systems Organization,
COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, Distributed Systems,
Distributed applications. {\bf C.2.4} Computer Systems
Organization, COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS,
Distributed Systems, Distributed databases. {\bf D.2.2}
Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design Tools and
Techniques, User interfaces. {\bf H.1.2} Information
Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems,
Human factors. {\bf H.5.3} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group and
Organization Interfaces, Theory and models.",
}
@Article{Wildemuth:1998:HVB,
author = "Barbara M. Wildemuth and Charles P. Friedman and
Stephen M. Downs",
title = "Hypertext versus {Boolean} access to biomedical
information: a comparison of effectiveness, efficiency,
and user preferences",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "156--183",
month = jun,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jan 19 05:49:17 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-2/p156-wildemuth/",
abstract = "This study compared of two modes of access to a
biomedical database, in terms of their effectiveness
and efficiency in supporting clinical problem solving
and in terms of user preferences. Boolean access, which
allowed subjects to frame their queries as combinations
of keywords, was compared to hypertext access, which
allowed subjects to navigate from one database node to
another. The accessible biomedical data were identical
across system versions. Performance data were collected
from two cohorts of first-year medical students, each
student randomly assigned to either the Boolean or the
hypertext system. Additional attitudinal data were
collected from the second cohort. At each of two
research sessions (one just before and one just after
their bacteriology course), subjects worked eight
clinical case problems, first using only their personal
knowledge and, subsequently, with aid from the
database. Database retrievals enabled students to
answer questions they could not answer based on
personal knowledge alone. This effect was greater when
personal knowledge of bacteriology was lower. There
were not statistically significant differences between
the two forms of access, in terms of problem-solving
effectiveness or efficiency. Students preferred Boolean
access over hypertext access.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors; performance",
subject = "{\bf H.3.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION STORAGE
AND RETRIEVAL, Information Storage. {\bf H.3.3}
Information Systems, INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL,
Information Search and Retrieval. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces.",
}
@Article{Benford:1998:UCS,
author = "Steve Benford and Chris Greenhalgh and Gail Reynard
and Chris Brown and Boriana Koleva",
title = "Understanding and constructing shared spaces with
mixed-reality boundaries",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "3",
pages = "185--223",
month = sep,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 26 16:04:13 MDT 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-3/p185-benford/",
abstract = "We propose an approach to creating shared mixed
realities based on the construction of transparent
boundaries between real and virtual spaces. First, we
introduce a taxonomy that classifies current approaches
to shared spaces according to the three dimensions of
transportation, artificiality, and spatiality. Second,
we discuss our experience of staging a poetry
performance simultaneously within real and virtual
theaters. This demonstrates the complexities involved
in establishing social interaction between real and
virtual spaces and motivates the development of a
systematic approach to mixing realities. Third, we
introduce and demonstrate the technique of
mixed-reality boundaries as a way of joining real and
virtual spaces together in order to address some of
these problems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors; theory",
subject = "{\bf H.4.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS, Communications Applications. {\bf H.5.1}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information Systems,
Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities. {\bf
H.5.3} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, Group and Organization Interfaces, Theory
and models.",
}
@Article{Brewster:1998:UNS,
author = "Stephen A. Brewster",
title = "Using nonspeech sounds to provide navigation cues",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "3",
pages = "224--259",
month = sep,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 26 16:04:13 MDT 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-3/p224-brewster/",
abstract = "This article describes 3 experiments that investigate
the possibility of using structured nonspeech audio
messages called {\em earcons\/} to provide navigational
cues in a menu hierarchy. A hierarchy of 27 nodes and 4
levels was created with an earcon for each node. Rules
were defined for the creation of hierarchical earcons
at each node. Participants had to identify their
location in the hierarchy by listening to an earcon.
Results of the first experiment showed that
participants could identify their location with 81.5\%
accuracy, indicating that earcons were a powerful
method of communicating hierarchy information. One
proposed use for such navigation cues is in
telephone-based interfaces (TBIs) where navigation is a
problem. The first experiment did not address the
particular problems of earcons in TBIs such as ``does
the lower quality of sound over the telephone lower
recall rates,'' ``can users remember earcons over a
period of time.'' and ``what effect does training type
have on recall?'' An experiment was conducted and
results showed that sound quality did lower the recall
of earcons. However; redesign of the earcons overcame
this problem with 73\% recalled correctly. Participants
could still recall earcons at this level after a week
had passed. Training type also affected recall. With
personal training participants recalled 73\% of the
earcons, but with purely textual training results were
significantly lower. These results show that earcons
can provide good navigation cues for TBIs. The final
experiment used compound, rather than hierarchical
earcons to represent the hierarchy from the first
experiment. Results showed that with sounds constructed
in this way participants could recall 97\% of the
earcons. These experiments have developed our general
understanding of earcons. A hierarchy three times
larger than any previously created was tested, and this
was also the first test of the recall of earcons over
time.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "human factors",
subject = "{\bf H.5.1} Information Systems, INFORMATION
INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia Information
Systems, Audio input/output. {\bf H.5.2} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology. {\bf H.5.2}
Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Interaction styles. {\bf
J.7} Computer Applications, COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS,
Consumer products. {\bf H.5.4} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION,
Hypertext/Hypermedia.",
}
@Article{Hinckley:1998:TVM,
author = "Ken Hinckley and Randy Pausch and Dennis Proffitt and
Neal F. Kassell",
title = "Two-handed virtual manipulation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "3",
pages = "260--302",
month = sep,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 26 16:04:13 MDT 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-3/p260-hinckley/",
abstract = "We discuss a two-handed user interface designed to
support three-dimensional neurosurgical visualization.
By itself, this system is a ``point design,'' an
example of an advanced user interface technique. In
this work, we argue that in order to understand why
interaction techniques do or do not work, and to
suggest possibilities for new techniques, it is
important to move beyond point design and to introduce
careful scientific measurement of human behavioral
principles. In particular, we argue that the
common-sense viewpoint that ``two hands save time by
working in parallel'' may not always be an effective
way to think about two-handed interface design because
the hands do not necessarily work in parallel (there is
a structure to two-handed manipulation) and because two
hands do more than just save time over one hand (two
hands provide the user with more information and can
structure how the user thinks about a task). To support
these claims, we present an interface design developed
in collaboration with neurosurgeons which has undergone
extensive informal usability testing, as well as a pair
of formal experimental studies which investigate
behavioral aspects of two-handed virtual object
manipulation. Our hope is that this discussion will
help others to apply the lessons in our neurosurgery
application to future two-handed user interface
designs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; measurement",
subject = "{\bf I.3.6} Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER
GRAPHICS, Methodology and Techniques, Interaction
techniques. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Input devices and strategies.",
}
@Article{Grasso:1998:ISM,
author = "Michael A. Grasso and David S. Ebert and Timothy W.
Finin",
title = "The integrality of speech in multimodal interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "303--325",
month = dec,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 26 16:04:13 MDT 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-4/p303-grasso/",
abstract = "A framework of complementary behavior has been
proposed which maintains that direct-manipulation and
speech interfaces have reciprocal strengths and
weaknesses. This suggests that user interface
performance and acceptance may increase by adopting a
multimodal approach that combines speech and direct
manipulation. This effort examined the hypothesis that
the speed, accuracy, and acceptance of multimodal
speech and direct-manipulation interfaces will increase
when the modalities match the perceptual structure of
the input attributes. A software prototype that
supported a typical biomedical data collection task was
developed to test this hypothesis. A group of 20
clinical and veterinary pathologists evaluated the
prototype in an experimental setting using repeated
measures. The results of this experiment supported the
hypothesis that the perceptual structure of an input
task is an important consideration when designing a
multimodal computer interface. Task completion time,
the number of speech errors, and user acceptance
improved when interface best matched the perceptual
structure of the input attributes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; experimentation; human factors; measurement;
performance; theory",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf
H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Evaluation/methodology.
{\bf H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES
AND PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Input devices and
strategies. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Interaction styles. {\bf H.5.3} Information
Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Group
and Organization Interfaces, Theory and models. {\bf
J.3} Computer Applications, LIFE AND MEDICAL
SCIENCES.",
}
@Article{Leganchuk:1998:MCB,
author = "Andrea Leganchuk and Shumin Zhai and William Buxton",
title = "Manual and cognitive benefits of two-handed input: an
experimental study",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "326--359",
month = dec,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 26 16:04:13 MDT 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1998-5-4/p326-leganchuk/",
abstract = "One of the recent trends in computer input is to
utilize users' natural bimanual motor skills. This
article further explores the potential benefits of such
two-handed input. We have observed that bimanual
manipulation may bring two types of advantages to
human-computer interaction: manual and cognitive.
Manual benefits come from increased time-motion
efficiency, due to the twice as many degrees of freedom
simultaneously available to the user. Cognitive
benefits arise as a result of reducing the load of
mentally composing and visualizing the task at an
unnaturally low level which is imposed by traditional
unimanual techniques. Area sweeping was selected as our
experimental task. It is representative of what one
encounters, for example, when sweeping out the bounding
box surrounding a set of objects in a graphics program.
Such tasks cannot be modeled by Fitts' Law alone and
have not been previously studied in the literature. In
our experiments, two bimanual techniques were compared
with the conventional one-handed GUI approach. Both
bimanual techniques employed the two-handed
``stretchy'' technique first demonstrated by Krueger in
1983. We also incorporated the ``Toolglass'' technique
introduced by Bier et al. in 1993. Overall, the
bimanual techniques resulted in significantly faster
performance than the {\em status quo\/} one-handed
technique, and these benefits increased with the
difficulty of mentally visualizing the task, supporting
our bimanual cognitive advantage hypothesis. There was
no significant difference between the two bimanual
techniques. This study makes two types of contributions
to the literature. First, practically we studied yet
another class of transaction where significant benefits
can be realized by applying bimanual techniques.
Furthermore, we have done so using easily available
commercial hardware in the context to our understanding
of why bimanual interaction techniques have an
advantage over unimanual techniques. A literature
review on two-handed computer input and some of the
relevant bimanual human motor control studies is also
included.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "experimentation; human factors; measurement",
subject = "{\bf H.1.2} Information Systems, MODELS AND
PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems, Human factors. {\bf
H.5.2} Information Systems, INFORMATION INTERFACES AND
PRESENTATION, User Interfaces, Input devices and
strategies. {\bf H.5.2} Information Systems,
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, User
Interfaces, Interaction styles. {\bf I.3.6} Computing
Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Methodology and
Techniques, Interaction techniques.",
}
@Article{Jacob:1999:SMS,
author = "Robert J. K. Jacob and Leonidas Deligiannidis and
Stephen Morrison",
title = "A software model and specification language for
non-{WIMP} user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "1",
pages = "1--46",
month = mar,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-1/p1-jacob/",
abstract = "We present a software model and language for
describing and programming the fine-grained aspects of
interaction in a non-WIMP user interface, such as a
virtual environment. Our approach is based on our view
that the essence of a non-WIMP dialogue is a set of
continuous relationships--most of which are temporary.
The model combines a data-flow or constraint-like
component for the continuous relationships with an
event-based component for discrete interactions, which
can enable or disable individual continuous
relationships. To demonstrate our approach, we present
the PMIW user interface management system for non-WIMP
interactions, a set of examples running under it, a
visual editor for our user interface description
language, and a discussion of our implementation and
our restricted use of constraints for a
performance-driven interactive situation. Our goal is
to provide a model and language that captures the
formal structure of non-WIMP interactions in the way
that various previous techniques have captured
command-based, textual, and event-based styles and to
suggest that using it need and not compromise real-time
performance.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Languages",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "interaction techniques; non-WIMP interface; PMIW;
specification language; state transition diagram; user
interface management system; user interface management
system (UIMS)",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering --- Design Tools and
Techniques (D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Information
Systems --- Models and Principles --- User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
User Interfaces (H.5.2); Computing Methodologies ---
Computer Graphics --- Three-Dimensional Graphics and
Realism (I.3.7): {\bf Virtual reality}; Theory of
Computation --- Logics and Meanings of Programs ---
Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs
(F.3.1): {\bf Specification techniques}",
}
@Article{Tan:1999:PTT,
author = "Bernard C. Y. Tan and Kwok-kee Wei and Choon-Ling Sia
and Krishnamurthy S. Raman",
title = "A partial test of the task-medium fit proposition in a
group support system environment",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "1",
pages = "47--66",
month = mar,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-1/p47-tan/",
abstract = "A laboratory experiment was carried out to partially
test the task-medium fit proposition in a GSS
environment. Communication medium was varied using a
face-to-face GSS and a dispersed GSS setting. Task type
was varied using an intellective and a preference task.
Group decision outcome variables of interest were
(actual and perceived) decision quality, decision time,
decision satisfaction, and decision process
satisfaction. With the intellective task, there were no
significant differences between face-to-face GSS and
dispersed GSS groups for all group decision outcome
variables. With the preference task, face-to-face GSS
groups performed significantly better than dispersed
GSS groups for all group decision outcome variables.
These findings suggest that group decision outcomes in
a GSS environment tend to be adversely affected when
the communication medium is too lean for the task but
not when the communication medium is too rich for the
task. Consequences of providing groups with too rich
and too lean a communication medium for their task are
discussed. Implications of these findings, and other
related results, for practice and for future revisions
of media richness theory are explored.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Experimentation; Human Factors; Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "group support systems; media richness; task type",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): {\bf Evaluation/methodology}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf
Synchronous interaction}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and
Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Theory and
models}",
}
@Article{Terveen:1999:COV,
author = "Loren Terveen and Will Hill and Brian Amento",
title = "Constructing, organizing, and visualizing collections
of topically related {Web} resources",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "1",
pages = "67--94",
month = mar,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-1/p67-terveen/",
abstract = "For many purposes, the Web page is too small a unit of
interaction and analysis. Web sites are structured
multimedia documents consisting of many pages, and
users often are interested in obtaining and evaluating
entire collections of topically related sites. Once
such a collection is obtained, users face the challenge
of exploring, comprehending and organizing the items.
We report four innovations that address these user
needs: (1) we replaced the Web page with the Web site
as the basic unit of interaction and analysis;(2) we
defined a new information structure, the clan graph,
that groups together sets of related sites; (3) we
augment the representation of a site with a site
profile, information about site structure and content
that helps inform user evaluation of a site; and (4) we
invented a new graph visualization, the auditorium
visualization, that reveals important structural and
content properties of sites within a clan graph.
Detailed analysis and user studies document the utility
of this approach. The clan graph construction algorithm
tends to filter out irrelevant sites and discover
additional relevant items. The auditorium
visualization, augmented with drill-down capabilities
to explore site profile data, helps users to find
high-quality sites as well as sites that serve a
particular function.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cocitation analysis; collaborative filtering; computer
supported cooperative work; information visualization;
social filtering; social network analysis",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Multimedia Information Systems
(H.5.1): {\bf Hypertext navigation and maps**};
Information Systems --- Information Storage and
Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
{\bf Retrieval models}",
}
@Article{Begole:1999:FCT,
author = "James Begole and Mary Beth Rosson and Clifford A.
Shaffer",
title = "Flexible collaboration transparency: supporting worker
independence in replicated application-sharing
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "95--132",
month = jun,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-2/p95-begole/",
abstract = "This article presents a critique of conventional
collaboration transparency systems, also called
``application-sharing'' systems, which provide the
real-time shared use of legacy single-user
applications. We find that conventional collaboration
transparency systems are inefficient in their use of
network resources and lack support for key groupware
principles: concurrent work, relaxed WYSIWIS, and group
awareness. Next, we present an alternative approach to
implementing collaboration transparency that provides
many features previously seen only in
collaboration-aware applications. Our approach is based
on a replicated architecture where selected single-user
interface components are dynamically replaced by
multiuser versions. The replacement occurs at run-time
and is transparent to the single-user application and
its developers.. As an instance of this approach, we
describe its incorporation into a Java-based
collaboration transparency system for serializable,
Swing-based Java applications, called Flexible JAMM
(Java Applets Made Multiuser). To validate that the
flexible collaboration transparency system is truly an
improvement over conventional systems, we conducted an
empirical study of collaborators performing both
tightly and loosely coupled tasks using Flexible JAMM
versus a representative conventional collaboration
transparency system, Microsoft NetMeeting. Completion
times were significantly faster in the loosely coupled
task using Flexible JAMM and were not adversely
affected in the tightly coupled task. Accuracy was
equivalent for both systems. Participants greatly
preferred Flexible JAMM.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "application sharing; collaboration transparency;
computer-supported cooperative work; Flexible JAMM;
groupware; Java; usability",
subject = "Computer Systems Organization ---
Computer-Communication Networks --- Distributed Systems
(C.2.4): {\bf Distributed applications}; Software ---
Software Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques
(D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Information Systems ---
Models and Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2):
{\bf Human factors}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and
Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Collaborative
computing}",
}
@Article{Dourish:1999:PEA,
author = "Paul Dourish and W. Keith Edwards and Anthony LaMarca
and Michael Salisbury",
title = "{Presto}: an experimental architecture for fluid
interactive document spaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "133--161",
month = jun,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-2/p133-dourish/",
abstract = "Traditional document systems use hierarchical filing
structures as the basis for organizing, storing and
retrieving documents. However, this structure is very
limited in comparison with the rich and varied forms of
document interaction and category management in
everyday document use. Presto is a prototype document
management system providing rich interaction with
documents through meaningful, user-level document
attributes, such as ``Word file,'' ``published paper,''
``shared with Jim,'' ``about Presto,'' or ``currently
in progress'' Document attributes capture the multiple
different roles that a single document might play, and
they allow users to rapidly reorganize their document
space for the task at hand. They also provide a basis
for novel document systems design and new approaches to
document management and interaction. In this article,
we outline the motivations behind this approach,
describe the principal components of our
implementation, discuss architectural consequences, and
show how these support new forms of interactions with
large personal document spaces.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "attribute/value systems; direct manipulation; document
management",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering --- Design Tools and
Techniques (D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Information
Systems --- Information Storage and Retrieval ---
Information Storage (H.3.2): {\bf File organization};
Information Systems --- Information Storage and
Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3);
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Interaction styles}",
}
@Article{Ware:1999:RVO,
author = "Colin Ware and Jeff Rose",
title = "Rotating virtual objects with real handles",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "162--180",
month = jun,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-2/p162-ware/",
abstract = "Times for virtual object rotations reported in the
literature are of the order of 10 seconds or more and
this is far longer than it takes to manually orient a
``real'' object, such as a cup. This is a report of a
series of experiments designed to investigate the
reasons for this difference and to help design
interfaces for object manipulation. The results suggest
that two major factors are important. Having the hand
physically in the same location as the virtual object
being manipulated is one. The other is based on whether
the object is being rotated to a new, randomly
determined orientation, or is always rotated to the
same position. Making the object held in the hand have
the same physical shape as the object being visually
manipulated was not found to be a significant factor.
The results are discussed in the context of interactive
virtual environments.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Experimentation; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "3D object manipulation; 3D rotation; direct
manipulation; input devices; two-handed input; virtual
reality",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors};
Computing Methodologies --- Computer Graphics ---
Methodology and Techniques (I.3.6): {\bf Interaction
techniques}",
}
@Article{Hahn:1999:WSD,
author = "Jungpil Hahn and Jinwoo Kim",
title = "Why are some diagrams easier to work with? Effects of
diagrammatic representation on the cognitive
integration process of systems analysis and design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "181--213",
month = sep,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-3/p181-hahn/",
abstract = "Various diagrams have been used heavily in systems
analysis and design without proper verification of
their usability. However, different diagrammatic
representations of the same information may vary in the
computational efficiency of working with these
diagrams. The objective of this research was to explore
the effects of diagrammatic representations on the task
of integrating multiple diagrams. The domain of systems
analysis and design was used to generate examples and
test the theory. A cognitive model of diagram
integration was proposed, and an experimental study was
conducted, both to explore the effects of
representational features of diagrams on the cognitive
process of diagram integration. Results of the
experiment show that the representational features of
the diagrams acted as the criteria for selecting among
various methods for analyzing and designing the
integrated diagram. In addition, the difference in the
selected methods resulted in different task
performances in terms of analysis and design errors.
This article concludes with the implications of the
results for the development of cognitively compelling
diagrams.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "diagrammatic manipulation; diagrammatic
representation; GOMS; visual grammar",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering ---
Requirements/Specifications (D.2.1): {\bf Methodologies
(e.g., object-oriented, structured)}; Software ---
Software Engineering --- Requirements/Specifications
(D.2.1); Information Systems --- Models and Principles
--- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human
information processing}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Interaction styles}",
}
@Article{Hubona:1999:RCS,
author = "Geoffrey S. Hubona and Philip N. Wheeler and Gregory
W. Shirah and Matthew Brandt",
title = "The relative contributions of stereo, lighting, and
background scenes in promoting {3D} depth
visualization",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "214--242",
month = sep,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-3/p214-hubona/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Experimentation; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "3D user interfaces; cue theory; depth perception;
shadows; stereoscopic viewing",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2); Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2); Computing Methodologies ---
Computer Graphics --- Three-Dimensional Graphics and
Realism (I.3.7)",
}
@Article{Gutwin:1999:EWA,
author = "Carl Gutwin and Saul Greenberg",
title = "The effects of workspace awareness support on the
usability of real-time distributed groupware",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "243--281",
month = sep,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-3/p243-gutwin/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Experimentation; Human Factors; Measurement",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "computer-supported cooperated work; computer-supported
cooperative work; real-time distributed groupware;
usability; workspace awareness",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering --- Design Tools and
Techniques (D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Software ---
Software Engineering --- Metrics (D.2.8): {\bf
Performance measures}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Evaluation/methodology};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): {\bf Synchronous interaction}; Computing
Methodologies --- Computer Graphics --- Methodology and
Techniques (I.3.6): {\bf Interaction techniques}",
}
@Article{OBrien:1999:HTE,
author = "Jon O'Brien and Tom Rodden and Mark Rouncefield and
John Hughes",
title = "At home with the technology: an ethnographic study of
a set-top-box trial",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "282--308",
month = sep,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-3/p282-o_brien/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "coordination and collaboration; domestic environment;
ethnography; evaluation; interactive devices",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2); Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and
Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Synchronous
interaction}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Theory and models}; Computing
Milieux --- Computers and Society --- General (K.4.0);
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Evaluation/methodology}",
}
@Article{Gray:1999:ISI,
author = "Wayne D. Gray and Philippe Palanque and Fabio
Patern{\'o}",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on interface issues
and designs for safety-critical interactive systems:
when there is no room for user error",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "309--310",
month = dec,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/1999-6-4/p309-gray/p309-gray.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-4/p309-gray/",
abstract = "Software is increasingly being used to control
safety-critical systems. Much research since Levesons
fundamental article Software Safety: Why, What, and How
(ACM Computing Surveys 18, 2 (1986), pp. 125--163) has
focused on ways to reduce or avoid software failures.
However, the reliability of even the best-engineered
software can be undermined by its user interface.
Indeed, interface design for safety-critical
interactive systems poses special challenges to the
human-computer interaction community. This special
issue addresses the challenge of analyzing, designing,
and building reliable and usable safety-critical
interactive systems. From a pragmatic point of view a
safety-critical system is a system for which the cost
of a failure is more important than the cost of
developing the system. Safety-critical interactive
systems add the human dimension to a software system by
putting control into the hands of a human operator.
Prominent examples of such control systems include
nuclear power plants, railways systems, airplane
cockpits, and military systems. Recent years have seen
much effort put into the reengineering of the control
system that is well represented in this special issue
[on] air traffic control. When compared to office
automation systems, human-computer interaction for
safety-critical interactive systems is both familiar
and different. For instance, the management of a
functionality like undo, that can be seen as a
usability issue in an office automation system, can
become a critical functionality when the user interacts
with a safety-critical system. The three articles in
this special issue provide three snapshots for how
human-computer interaction issues play out in the
broader field of safety-critical interactive systems.
In the first article, Is Paper Safer? The Role of
Flight Strips in Air Traffic Control, Wendy Mackay
provides a detailed ethnographic study on how air
traffic controllers work. \par
As in Mackay's article, the case study entails en-route
air traffic control. An important contribution of this
article is a method for an integrated analysis of three
important methods of this field: task performance,
analysis of user deviation and consequent hazard, and
cooperation among users. Each of the three articles
deals with the analysis and design phases of
safety-critical interactive systems. If changes are to
be made to large, complex, safety-critical control
systems, the changes must be made early in the
development lifecycle, where redesign in response to
identified problems is feasible.This special issue
arose from a CHI98 Workshop organized by Palanque and
Patern{\'o} (``Designing User Interfaces for
Safety-Critical Systems'', SIGCHI Bulletin 30, 4). The
three articles included in this special issue were
selected from more than a score of papers received. The
editors thank and acknowledge their debt to the many
qualified external reviewers from several countries who
have helped select and improve (through their comments)
the contributions in this special issue.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{MacKay:1999:PSR,
author = "Wendy E. MacKay",
title = "Is paper safer? The role of paper flight strips in air
traffic control",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "311--340",
month = dec,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-4/p311-mackay/",
abstract = "Air traffic control is a complex, safety-critical
activity, with well-established and successful work
practices. Yet many attempts to automate the existing
system have failed because controllers remain attached
to a key work artifact: the paper flight strip. This
article describes a four-month intensive study of a
team of Paris en-route controllers in order to
understand their use of paper flight strips. The
article also describes a comparison study of eight
different control rooms in France and the Netherlands.
Our observations have convinced us that we do not know
enough to simply get rid of paper strips, nor can we
easily replace the physical interaction between
controllers and paper strips.These observations
highlight the benefits of strips, including qualities
difficult to quantify and replicate in new computer
systems. Current thinking offers two basic
alternatives: maintaining the existing strips without
computer support and bearing the financial cost of
limiting the air traffic, or replacing the strips with
automated versions, which offer potential benefits in
terms of increased efficiency through automation, but
unknown risks through radical change of work practices.
We conclude with a suggestion for a third alternative:
to maintain the physical strips, but turn them into the
interface to the computer. This would allow controllers
to build directly upon their existing, safe work
practices with paper strips, while offering them a
gradual path for incorporating new computer-based
functions. Augmented paper flight strips allow us to
take advantage of uniquely human skills in the physical
world, and allows us to leave the user interface and
its subsequent evolution in the hands of the people
most responsible, the air traffic controllers
themselves.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Human Factors; Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "activity theory; affordances; air traffic control;
annotation; ethnographic study; paper flight strips;
peripheral awareness; safety factors",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors};
Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human information
processing}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2)",
}
@Article{Galliers:1999:IAM,
author = "Julia Galliers and Alistair Sutcliffe and Shailey
Minocha",
title = "An impact analysis method for safety-critical user
interface design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "341--369",
month = dec,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-4/p341-galliers/",
abstract = "We describe a method of assessing the implications for
human error on user interface design of safety-critical
systems. In previous work we have proposed a taxonomy
of influencing factors that contribute to error. In
this article, components of the taxonomy are combined
into a mathematical and causal model for error,
represented as a Bayesian Belief Net (BBN). The BBN
quantifies error influences arising from user
knowledge, ability, and the task environ-ment, combined
with factors describing the complexity of user action
and user interface quality. The BBN model predicts
probabilities of different types of errorslips and
mistakes for each component action of a task involving
user-system interaction. We propose an Impact Analysis
Method that involves running test scenarios against
this causal model of error in order to determine user
interactions that are prone to different types of
error. Applying the proposed method will enable the
designer to determine the combinations of influencing
factors and their interactions that are most likely to
influence human error. Finally we show how such
scenario-based causal analysis can be useful as a means
of focusing on relevant guidelines for safe user
interface design. The proposed method is demonstrated
through a case study of an operator performing a task
using the control system for a laser
spectrophotometer.We describe a method of assessing the
implications for human error on user interface design
of safety-critical systems. In previous work we have
proposed a taxonomy of influencing factors that
contribute to error. In this article, components of the
taxonomy are combined into a mathematical and causal
model for error, represented as a Bayesian Belief Net
(BBN). The BBN quantifies error influences arising from
user knowledge, ability, and the task environ-ment,
combined with factors describing the complexity of user
action and user interface quality. The BBN model
predicts probabilities of different types of errorslip
for each component action of a task involving
user-system interaction. We propose an Impact Analysis
Method that involves running test scenarios against
this causal model of error in order to determine user
interactions that are prone to different types of
error. Applying the proposed method will enable the
designer to determine the combinations of influencing
factors and their interactions that are most likely to
influence human error. Finally we show how such
scenario-based causal analysis can be useful as a means
of focusing on relevant guidelines for safe user
interface design. The proposed method is demonstrated
through a case study of an operator performing a task
using the control system for a laser
spectrophotometer.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Bayesian belief networks; human error;
safety-critical; safety-critical scenario-based causal
analysis; scenario-based casual analysis",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering ---
Requirements/Specifications (D.2.1): {\bf Methodologies
(e.g., object-oriented, structured)}; Software ---
Software Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques
(D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Mathematics of
Computing --- Probability and Statistics (G.3);
Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors}",
}
@Article{Fields:1999:CDO,
author = "Robert Fields and Fabio Patern{\`o} and Carmen Santoro
and Sophie Tahmassebi",
title = "Comparing design options for allocating communication
media in cooperative safety-critical contexts: a method
and a case study",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "370--398",
month = dec,
year = "1999",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Sep 26 07:12:21 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/1999-6-4/p370-fields/",
abstract = "In this article we present a method for evaluating and
comparing design options for allocating communication
media. The method pays particular attention to how such
options support cooperation in an interactive
safety-critical system. The comparison is performed
using three sets of criteria based on task performance,
analysis of user deviations and consequent hazards, and
coordination. The explicit emphasis on hazards and
communication issues, using actual tasks to guide the
evaluation, ensures that designers attention is focused
on the interactions where problems are likely to occur.
We describe an application of the method to the design
of access to new communication technology in an air
traffic control environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Reliability",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "air traffic control; task; usability and safety",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Evaluation/methodology}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Input devices and strategies};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Interaction styles}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- Multimedia
Information Systems (H.5.1): {\bf Audio input/output};
Software --- Software Engineering --- Design Tools and
Techniques (D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}",
}
@Article{Myers:2000:PPF,
author = "Brad Myers and Scott E. Hudson and Randy Pausch",
title = "Past, present, and future of user interface software
tools",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "1",
pages = "3--28",
month = mar,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-1/p3-myers/",
abstract = "A user interface software tool helps developers design
and implement the user interface. Research on past
tools has had enormous impact on today's
developers--virtually all applications today are built
using some form of user interface tool. In this
article, we consider cases of both success and failure
in past user interface tools. From these cases we
extract a set of themes which can serve as lessons for
future work. Using these themes, past tools can be
characterized by what aspects of the user interface
they addressed, their threshold and ceiling, what path
of least resistance they offer, how predictable they
are to use, and whether they addressed a target that
became irrelevant. We believe the lessons of these past
themes are particularly important now, because
increasingly rapid technological changes are likely to
significantly change user interfaces. We are at the
dawn of an era where user interfaces are about to break
out of the ``desktop'' box where they have been stuck
for the past 15 years. The next millenium will open
with an increasing diversity of user interface on an
increasing diversity of computerized devices. These
devices include hand-held personal digital assistants
(PDAs), cell phones, pages, computerized pens,
computerized notepads, and various kinds of desk and
wall size-computers, as well as devices in everyday
objects (such as mounted on refrigerators, or even
embedded in truck tires). The increased connectivity of
computers, initially evidenced by the World Wide Web,
but spreading also with technologies such as
personal-area networks, will also have a profound
effect on the user interface to computers. Another
important force will be recognition-based user
interfaces, especially speech, and camera-based vision
systems. Other changes we see are an increasing need
for 3D and end-user customization, programming, and
scripting. All of these changes will require
significant support from the underlying user interface
software tools.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "event languages; interface builders; scripting
languages; toolkits; user interface development
environments; user interface software",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering --- Design Tools and
Techniques (D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Information
Systems --- Models and Principles --- User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf User interface management
systems (UIMS)}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2): {\bf Windowing systems}",
}
@Article{Abowd:2000:CPP,
author = "Gregory D. Abowd and Elizabeth D. Mynatt",
title = "Charting past, present, and future research in
ubiquitous computing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "1",
pages = "29--58",
month = mar,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-1/p29-abowd/",
abstract = "The proliferation of computing into the physical world
promises more than the ubiquitous availability of
computing infrastructure; it suggest new paradigms of
interaction inspired by constant access to information
and computational capabilities. For the past decade,
application-driven research on ubiquitous computing
(ubicomp) has pushed three interaction themes: {\em
natural interfaces, context-aware applications}, and
{\em automated capture and access}. To chart a course
for future research in ubiquitous computing, we review
the accomplishments of these efforts and point to
remaining research challenges. Research in ubiquitous
computing implicitly requires addressing some notion of
scale, whether in the number and type of devices, the
physical space of distributed computing, or the number
of people using a system. We posit a new area of
applications research, {\em everyday computing},
focussed on scaling interaction with respect to time.
Just as pushing the availability of computing away from
the traditional desktop fundamentally changes the
relationship between humans and computers, providing
{\em continuous interaction\/} moves computing from a
localized tool to a constant companion. Designing for
continuous interaction requires addressing interruption
and resumption of interaction, representing passages of
time and providing associative storage models. Inherent
in all of these interaction themes are difficult issues
in the {\em social implications\/} of ubiquitous
computing and the challenges of {\em evaluating\/}
ubiquitous computing research. Although cumulative
experience points to lessons in privacy, security,
visibility, and control, there are no simple guidelines
for steering research efforts. Akin to any efforts
involving new technologies, evaluation strategies form
a spectrum from technology feasibility efforts to
long-term use studies--but a user-centric perspective
is always possible and necessary",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "augmented reality; capture and access; context-aware
applications; evaluation; everyday computing; natural
interfaces; social implications; ubiquitous computing;
user interfaces",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Evaluation/methodology}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Miscellaneous (H.5.m); Computer Applications ---
Miscellaneous (J.m); Computing Milieux --- Computers
and Society --- Social Issues (K.4.2)",
}
@Article{Erickson:2000:STA,
author = "Thomas Erickson and Wendy A. Kellogg",
title = "Social translucence: an approach to designing systems
that support social processes",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "1",
pages = "59--83",
month = mar,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-1/p59-erickson/",
abstract = "We are interested in designing systems that support
communication and collaboration among large groups of
people over computing networks. We begin by asking what
properties of the physical world support graceful
human-human communication in face-to-face situations,
and argue that it is possible to design digital systems
that support coherent behavior by making participants
and their activities visible to one another. We call
such systems ``socially translucent systems'' and
suggest that they have three characteristics ---
visibility, awareness, and accountability --- which
enable people to draw upon their experience and
expertise to structure their interactions with one
another. To motivate and focus our ideas we develop a
vision of knowledge communities, conversationally based
systems that support the creation, management and reuse
of knowledge in a social context. We describe our
experience in designing and deploying one layer of
functionality for knowledge communities, embodied in a
working system called ``Barbie'' and discuss research
issues raised by a socially translucent approach to
design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "CMC; CMI; computer-mediated communication; CSCW;
social computing; social navigation; social
visualization; visualization",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors};
Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human information
processing}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2): {\bf Graphical user interfaces (GUI)};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Theory
and methods}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Asynchronous interaction};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): {\bf Collaborative computing}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf
Computer-supported cooperative work}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf
Organizational design}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and
Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Synchronous
interaction}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Theory and models}; Computing
Milieux --- Computers and Society --- Organizational
Impacts (K.4.3): {\bf Computer-supported collaborative
work}",
}
@Article{Arias:2000:TIH,
author = "Ernesto Arias and Hal Eden and Gerhard Fischer and
Andrew Gorman and Eric Scharff",
title = "Transcending the individual human mind --- creating
shared understanding through collaborative design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "1",
pages = "84--113",
month = mar,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-1/p84-arias/",
abstract = "Complex design problems require more knowledge than
any single person possesses because the knowledge
relevant to a problem is usually distributed among
stakeholders. Bringing different and often
controversial points of view together to create a
shared understanding among these stakeholders can lead
to new insights, new ideas, and new artifacts. New
media that allow owners of problems to contribute to
framing and resolving complex design problems can
extend the power of the individual human mind. Based on
our past work and study of other approaches, systems,
and collaborative and participatory processes, this
article identifies challenges we see as the limiting
factors for future collaborative human-computer
systems. The Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory
(EDC) is introduced as an integrated physical, and
computational environment addressing some of these
challenges. The vision behind the EDC shifts future
development away from the computer as the focal point,
toward an emphasis that tries to improve our
understanding of the human, social, and cultural system
that creates the context for use. This work is based on
new conceptual principles that include creating shared
understanding among various stakeholders,
contextualizing information to the task at hand, and
creating objects to think with in collaborative design
activities. Although the EDC framework is applicable to
different domains; our initial effort has focused on
the domain of urban planning (specifically
transportation planning) and community development.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "collaborative design and knowledge construction;
design support systems; distributed cognition;
integration of action and reflection spaces;
integration of physical and computational environments;
open systems; symmetry of ignorance",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering --- Design Tools and
Techniques (D.2.2); Information Systems --- Models and
Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2);
Information Systems --- Information Storage and
Retrieval (H.3); Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation (H.5); Information Systems
--- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1); Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
User Interfaces (H.5.2); Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and
Organization Interfaces (H.5.3); Computing
Methodologies --- Computer Graphics --- Methodology and
Techniques (I.3.6); Computer Applications --- Social
and Behavioral Sciences (J.4)",
}
@Article{Shneiderman:2000:CCU,
author = "Ben Shneiderman",
title = "Creating creativity: user interfaces for supporting
innovation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "1",
pages = "114--138",
month = mar,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-1/p114-shneiderman/",
abstract = "A challenge for human-computer interaction researchers
and user interface designers is to construct
information technologies that support creativity. This
ambitious goal can be attained by building on an
adequate understanding of creative processes. This
article offers a four-phase framework for creativity
that might assist designers in providing effective
tools for users: (1) {\em Collect\/}: learn from
previous works stored in libraries, the Web, etc.; (2)
{\em Relate\/}: consult with peers and mentors at
early, middle, and late stages, (3) {\em Create\/}:
explore, compose, evaluate possible solutions; and (4)
{\em Donate\/}: disseminate the results and contribute
to the libraries. Within this integrated framework,
this article proposes eight activities that require
human-computer interaction research and advanced user
interface design. A scenario about an architect
illustrates the process of creative work within such an
environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "creativity support tools; direct manipulation;
graphical user interfaces; human-computer interaction;
information visualization",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2); Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3)",
}
@Article{Ritter:2000:SCM,
author = "Frank E. Ritter and Gordon D. Baxter and Gary Jones
and Richard M. Young",
title = "Supporting cognitive models as users",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "2",
pages = "141--173",
month = jun,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-2/p141-ritter/p141-ritter.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-2/p141-ritter/",
abstract = "Cognitive models are computer programs that simulate
human performance of cognitive skills. They have been
useful to HCI by predicting task times, by assisting
users, and by acting as surrogate users. If cognitive
models could interact with the same interfaces that
users do, the models would be easier to develop and
would be easier to apply as interface testers. This
approach can be encapsulated as a cognitive models
interface management system (CMIMS), which is analogous
to and based on a user interface management system
(UIMS). We present five case studies using three
different UIMSes. These show how models can interact
with interfaces using an interaction mechanism that is
designed to apply to all interfaces generated within a
UIMS. These interaction mechanisms start to support and
constrain performance in the same ways that human
performance is supported and constrained by
interaction. Most existing UIMSes can and should be
extended to create CMIMSes, and models can and should
use CMIMSes to look at larger and more complex tasks.
CMIMSes will help to further exploit the synergy
between the disciplines of cognitive modeling and HCI
by supporting cognitive models as users.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognitive modeling; usability engineering",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering --- Testing and
Debugging (D.2.5): {\bf Testing tools (e.g., data
generators, coverage testing)}; Information Systems ---
Models and Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2):
{\bf Human information processing}; Information Systems
--- Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Evaluation/methodology};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf User
interface management systems (UIMS)}; Computing
Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence --- General
(I.2.0): {\bf Cognitive simulation}; Computing
Methodologies --- Simulation and Modeling --- Model
Development (I.6.5); Computing Methodologies ---
Simulation and Modeling --- Simulation Support Systems
(I.6.7)",
}
@Article{Hollan:2000:DCT,
author = "James Hollan and Edwin Hutchins and David Kirsh",
title = "Distributed cognition: toward a new foundation for
human-computer interaction research",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "2",
pages = "174--196",
month = jun,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-2/p174-hollan/",
abstract = "We are quickly passing through the historical moment
when people work in front of a single computer,
dominated by a small CRT and focused on tasks involving
only local information. Networked computers are
becoming ubiquitous and are playing increasingly
significant roles in our lives and in the basic
infrastructures of science, business, and social
interaction. for human-computer interaction to advance
in the new millennium we need to better understand the
emerging dynamic of interaction in which the focus task
is no longer confined to the desktop but reaches into a
complex networked world of information and
computer-mediated interactions. We think the theory of
distributed cognition has a special role to play in
understanding interactions between people and
technologies, for its focus has always been on whole
environments: what we really do in them and how we
coordinate our activity in them. Distributed cognition
provides a radical reorientation of how to think about
designing and supporting human-computer interaction. As
a theory it is specifically tailored to understanding
interactions among people and technologies. In this
article propose distributed cognition as a new
foundation for human-computer interaction, sketch an
integrated research framework, and use selections from
our earlier work to suggest how this framework can
provide new opportunities in the design of digital work
materials.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognitive science; distributed cognition; ethnography;
human-computer interaction; research methodology",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering ---
Requirements/Specifications (D.2.1): {\bf Methodologies
(e.g., object-oriented, structured)}; Information
Systems --- Models and Principles --- User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2); Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2): {\bf Evaluation/methodology}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Theory
and models}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Evaluation/methodology}",
}
@Article{Sutcliffe:2000:EUR,
author = "Alistair Sutcliffe",
title = "On the effective use and reuse of {HCI} knowledge",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "2",
pages = "197--221",
month = jun,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-2/p197-sutcliffe/",
abstract = "The article argues that new approaches for delivering
HCI knowledge from theory to designers will be
necessary in the new millennium. First the role of
theory in HCI design to date is reviewed, including the
progress made in cognitive theories of interaction is
described, but it is argued that direct application of
cognitive theory to design is limited by scalability
problems. The alternative of representing HCI knowledge
as claims and the role of the task-artefact approach to
theory-based design are introduced. Claims are proposed
as a possible bridging representation that may enable
theories to frame appropriate recommendations for
designers and, vice versa, enable designers to ask
appropriate questions for theoretical research.
However, claims provide design advice grounded in
specific scenarios and examples, which limits their
generality. The propects for reuse becoming an
important mode of development and the possible
directions in generalizing claims for reuse are
discussed, including generalizing claims beyond their
original context, providing a context for reuse of
claims by linking them to generic task and domain
models. It is argued that generic models provide a way
forward for developing reusable libraries of
interactive components. The approach is illustrated
from a case study of extracting claims from one
information-searching tasks, and reapplying claims in
the Web-based Multimedia Broker application. The
article concludes by proposing that HCI knowledge
should be theory-grounded, and development of reusable
``designer-digestible'' packets will be an important
contribution in the future.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "claims; cognitive models; design process; HCI theory;
reuse; review",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors}",
}
@Article{Barnard:2000:SIM,
author = "Philip Barnard and Jon May and David Duke and David
Duce",
title = "Systems, interactions, and macrotheory",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "2",
pages = "222--262",
month = jun,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-2/p222-barnard/",
abstract = "A significant proportion of early HCI research was
guided by one very clear vision: that the existing
theory base in psychology and cognitive science could
be developed to yield engineering tools for use in the
interdisciplinary context of HCI design. While
interface technologies and heuristic methods for
behavioral evaluation have rapidly advanced in both
capability and breadth of application, progress toward
deeper theory has been modest, and some now believe it
to be unnecessary. A case is presented for developing
new forms of theory, based around generic ``systems of
interactors.'' An overlapping, layered structure of
macro- and microtheories could then serve an
explanatory role, and could also bind together
contributions from different disciplines. Novel routes
to formalizing and applying such theories provide a
host of interesting and tractable problems for future
basic research in HCI.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognitive models; computing system models; models of
interaction",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors};
Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
Systems and Information Theory (H.1.1): {\bf General
systems theory}",
}
@Article{Vicente:2000:HGK,
author = "Kim J. Vicente",
title = "{HCI} in the global knowledge-based economy: designing
to support worker adaptation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "2",
pages = "263--280",
month = jun,
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 26 12:00:36 MDT 2000",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2000-7/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-2/p263-vicente/",
abstract = "Increasingly, people are being required to perform
open-ended intellectual tasks that require
discretionary decision making. These demands require a
relatively unique approach to the design of
computer-based support tools. A review of the
characteristics associated with the global
knowledge-based economy strongly suggests that there
will be an increasing need for workers, managers, and
organizations to adapt to change and novelty. This is
equivalent to a call for designing computer tools that
foster continuous learning. There are reasons to
believe that the need to support adaptation and
continuous learning will only increase. Thus, in the
new millenium HCi should be concerned with explicitly
designing for worker adaptation. The cognitive work
analysis framework is briefly described as a potential
programmatic approach to this practical design
challenge.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "adaption; cognitive work analysis; knowledge-based
economy",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf User
interface management systems (UIMS)}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3)",
}
@Article{Dix:2000:ESL,
author = "Alan Dix and Tom Rodden and Nigel Davies and Jonathan
Trevor and Adrian Friday and Kevin Palfreyman",
title = "Exploiting space and location as a design framework
for interactive mobile systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "3",
pages = "285--321",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p285-dix/",
abstract = "This article considers the importance of context in
mobile systems. It considers a range of context-related
issues and focus on location as a key issue for mobile
systems. A design framework is described consisting of
taxonomies of location, mobility, population, and
device awareness. The design framework inorms (??) the
construction of a semantic model of space for mobile
systems. The semantic model is reflected in a
computational model built on a distributed platform
that allows contextual information to be shared across
a number of mobile devices. The framework support the
design of interactive mobile systems while the platform
supports their rapid development.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "awareness; context information; design framework;
location-sensitive applications; mobile systems;
platform support; shared interaction; virtual space",
subject = "Computer Systems Organization ---
Computer-Communication Networks --- Distributed Systems
(C.2.4): {\bf Distributed applications}; Information
Systems --- Models and Principles --- User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2); Information Systems --- Information
Systems Applications --- Communications Applications
(H.4.3); Information Systems --- Information Interfaces
and Presentation --- Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): {\bf Synchronous interaction}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Theory
and models}",
}
@Article{Lamming:2000:SPA,
author = "Mik Lamming and Marge Eldridge and Mike Flynn and
Chris Jones and David Pendlebury",
title = "{Satchel}: providing access to any document, any time,
anywhere",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "3",
pages = "322--352",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p322-lamming/p322-lamming.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p322-lamming/",
abstract = "Current solutions for providing access to electronic
documents while away from the office do not meet the
special needs of mobile document workers. We describe
``Satchel,'' a system that is designed specifically to
support the distinctive features of mobile document
work. Satchel is designed to meet the following five
high-level design goals (1) easy access to document
services; (2) timely document access; (3) streamlined
user interface; (4) ubiquity; and (5) compliance with
security policies. Our current prototype uses a Nokia
9000 Communicator as the mobile device; it communicates
to the rest of the Satchel system using wireless
communications, both infrared and radio. A fundamental
Satchel concept is the use of tokens, or small secure
references, to represent documents on the mobile
device. The mobile client only transmits small tokens
over the wireless channels, leaving the wired network
to transmit the contents of documents when, and only
when, they are required. Another fundamental Satchel
concept is the highly specialized and context-sensitive
user interface on the mobile device. The user's
interactions ae streamlined because of this
specialization and though the use of contextual
information gained by using infrared communications. We
report the results of a trial of Satchel that was
carried out within our own company, and discuss how
well Satchel met our design goals. We call Satchel a
``document appliance'' because it provides a
streamlined solution to the problem of remote document
access--it aims to support only a limited set of
activities, but supports them very well.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "document access; document appliance; document
processing; information appliance; mobile computing;
mobile work",
subject = "Computer Systems Organization ---
Computer-Communication Networks --- Distributed Systems
(C.2.4): {\bf Distributed applications}; Information
Systems --- Models and Principles --- User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Evaluation/methodology};
Computing Methodologies --- Computer Graphics ---
Methodology and Techniques (I.3.6): {\bf Interaction
techniques}",
}
@Article{Sawhney:2000:NRS,
author = "Nitin Sawhney and Chris Schmandt",
title = "Nomadic radio: speech and audio interaction for
contextual messaging in nomadic environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "3",
pages = "353--383",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p353-sawhney/p353-sawhney.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p353-sawhney/",
abstract = "Mobile workers need seamless access to communication
and information services while on the move. However,
current solutions overwhelm users with intrusive
interfaces and ambiguous notifications. This article
discusses the interaction techniques developed for
Nomadic Radio, a wearable computing platform for
managing voice and text-based messages in a nomadic
environment. Nomadic Radio employs an auditory user
interface, which synchronizes speech recognition,
speech synthesis, nonspeech audio, and spatial
presentation of digital audio, for navigating among
messages as well as asynchronous notification of newly
arrived messages. Emphasis is placed on an auditory
modality as Nomadic Radio is designed to be used while
performing other tasks in a user's everyday
environment; a range of auditory cues provides
peripheral awareness of incoming messages. Notification
is adaptive and context sensitive; messages are
presented as more or less obtrusive based on importance
inferred from content filtering, whether the user is
engaged in conversation and his or her own recent
responses to prior messages. Auditory notifications are
dynamically scaled from ambient sound through recorded
voice cues up to message summaries. Iterative design
and a preliminary user evaluation suggest that audio is
an appropriate medium for mobile messaging, but that
care must be taken to minimally intrude on the wearer's
social and physical environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "adaptive interfaces; contextual interfaces;
interruptions; nonspeech audio; notifications; passive
awareness; spatial listening; speech interaction;
wearable computing",
subject = "Hardware --- Input/Output and Data Communications ---
Input/Output Devices (B.4.2): {\bf Voice}; Software ---
Software Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques
(D.2.2): {\bf Modules and interfaces}; Software ---
Software Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques
(D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Information Systems ---
Models and Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2):
{\bf Human factors}; Information Systems --- Models and
Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human
information processing}; Information Systems ---
Information Systems Applications --- Communications
Applications (H.4.3): {\bf Electronic mail};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Multimedia Information Systems
(H.5.1): {\bf Audio input/output}; Information Systems
--- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1): {\bf
Evaluation/methodology}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Evaluation/methodology};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Input
devices and strategies}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Interaction styles};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Theory
and methods}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Asynchronous interaction}",
}
@Article{Ren:2000:ISP,
author = "Xiangshi Ren and Shinju Moriya",
title = "Improving selection performance on pen-based systems:
a study of pen-based interaction for selection tasks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "3",
pages = "384--416",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p384-ren/p384-ren.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p384-ren/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Experimentation; Human Factors; Measurement;
Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "classifications of selection strategies; mobile
computing; pen-based input interfaces; pen-based
systems; small targets; state-transition models; target
selection strategies",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering ---
Requirements/Specifications (D.2.1): {\bf Methodologies
(e.g., object-oriented, structured)}; Software ---
Software Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques
(D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Information Systems ---
Models and Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2):
{\bf Human factors}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Evaluation/methodology};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Input
devices and strategies}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Interaction styles};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Screen
design}; Information Systems --- Information Interfaces
and Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Theory and methods}; Computing Methodologies ---
Computer Graphics --- Methodology and Techniques
(I.3.6): {\bf Interaction techniques}",
}
@Article{Pascoe:2000:UWM,
author = "Jason Pascoe and Nick Ryan and David Morse",
title = "Using while moving: {HCI} issues in fieldwork
environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "3",
pages = "417--437",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p417-pascoe/p417-pascoe.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-3/p417-pascoe/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Experimentation; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "archaeology; context; context awareness; ecology;
fieldwork; giraffe; MAUI; minimal attention user
interface; palmtop; PDA; small screen",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Ergonomics}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2): {\bf Graphical user interfaces (GUI)};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Haptic
I/O}; Information Systems --- Information Interfaces
and Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Input devices and strategies}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Interaction styles};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Style
guides}; Computer Applications --- Life and Medical
Sciences (J.3)",
}
@Article{Benford:2000:ISI,
author = "Steve Benford and Paul Dourish and Tom Rodden",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on human-computer
interaction and collaborative virtual environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "4",
pages = "439--441",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p439-benford/p439-benford.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p439-benford/",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Basdogan:2000:ESR,
author = "Cagatay Basdogan and Chih-hao Ho and Mandayam A.
Srinivasan and Mel Slater",
title = "An experimental study on the role of touch in shared
virtual environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "4",
pages = "443--460",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p443-basdogan/p443-basdogan.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p443-basdogan/",
abstract = "Investigating virtual environments has become an
increasingly interesting research topic for engineers,
computer and cognitive scientists, and psychologists.
Although there have been several recent studies focused
on the development of multimodal virtual environments
(VEs) to study human-machine interactions, less
attention has been paid to human-human and
human-machine interactions in shared virtual
environments (SVEs), and to our knowledge, no attention
paid at all to what extent the addition of haptic
communication between people would contribute to the
shared experience. We have developed a multimodal
shared virtual environment and performed a set of
experiments with human subjects to study the role of
haptic feedback in collaborative tasks and whether
haptic communication through force feedback can
facilitate a sense of being and collaborating with a
remote partner. The study concerns a scenario where two
participants at remote sites must cooperate to perform
a joint task in an SVE. The goals of the study are (1)
to assess the impact of force feedback on task
performance, (2) to better understand the role of
haptic communication in human-human interactions, (3)
to study the impact of touch on the subjective sense of
collaborating with a human as reported by the
participants based on what they could see and feel, and
(4) to investigate if gender, personality, or emotional
experiences of users can affect haptic communication in
SVEs. The outcomes of this research can have a powerful
impact on the development of next-generation
human-computer interfaces and network protocols that
integrate touch and force feedback technology into the
Internet, development of protocols and techniques for
collaborative teleoperation such as hazardous material
removal, space station.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Management; Performance;
Theory",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "copresence; force feedback devices; haptic
interaction; shared virtual environments",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Interaction styles}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Haptic I/O}; Computing
Methodologies --- Computer Graphics --- Methodology and
Techniques (I.3.6): {\bf Interaction techniques};
Computing Methodologies --- Computer Graphics ---
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism (I.3.7): {\bf
Virtual reality}; Computing Methodologies ---
Artificial Intelligence --- Robotics (I.2.9): {\bf
Manipulators}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2): {\bf Input devices and strategies}",
}
@Article{Sallnas:2000:SPC,
author = "Eva-Lotta Salln{\"a}s and Kirsten Rassmus-Gr{\"o}hn
and Calle Sj{\"o}str{\"o}m",
title = "Supporting presence in collaborative environments by
haptic force feedback",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "4",
pages = "461--476",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p461-sallnas/p461-sallnas.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p461-sallnas/",
abstract = "An experimental study of interaction in a
collaborative desktop virtual environment is described.
The aim of the experiment was to investigate if added
haptic force feedback in such an environment affects
perceived virtual presence, perceived social presence,
perceived task performance, and task performance. A
between-group design was employed, where seven pairs of
subjects used an interface with graphic representation
of the environment, audio connection, and haptic force
feedback. Seven other pairs of subjects used an
interface without haptic force feedback, but with
identical features otherwise. The PHANToM, a one-point
haptic device, was used for the haptic force feedback,
and a program especially developed for the purpose
provided the virtual environment. The program enables
for two individuals placed in different locations to
simultaneously feel and manipulate dynamic objects in a
shared desktop virtual environment. Results show that
haptic force feedback significantly improves task
performance, perceived task performance, and perceived
virtual presence in the collaborative distributed
environment. The results suggest that haptic force
feedback increases perceived social presence, but the
difference is not significant.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Human Factors; Measurement; Performance",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "distributed collaboration; haptic force feedback;
presence",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Theory
and methods}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2): {\bf Input devices and strategies};
Information Systems --- Information Systems
Applications --- Communications Applications (H.4.3):
{\bf Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and
videoconferencing}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Evaluation/methodology};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): {\bf Synchronous interaction}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Haptic I/O}",
}
@Article{Hindmarsh:2000:OFI,
author = "Jon Hindmarsh and Mike Fraser and Christian Heath and
Steve Benford and Chris Greenhalgh",
title = "Object-focused interaction in collaborative virtual
environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "4",
pages = "477--509",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p477-hindmarsh/p477-hindmarsh.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p477-hindmarsh/",
abstract = "This paper explores and evaluates the support for
object-focused interaction provided by a desktop
Collaborative Virtual Environment. An experimental
``design'' task was conducted, and video recordings of
the participants' activities facilitated an
observational analysis of interaction in, and through,
the virtual world. Observations include: problems due
to ``fragmented'' views of embodiments in relation to
shared objects; participants compensating with spoken
accounts of their actions; and difficulties in
understanding others' perspectives. Implications and
proposals for the design of CVEs drawn from these
observations are: the use of semidistorted views to
support peripheral awareness; more explicit or
exaggerated representations of actions than are
provided by pseudohumanoid avatars; and navigation
techniques that are sensitive to the actions of others.
The paper also presents some examples of the ways in
which these proposals might be realized.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Experimentation; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "CSCW; embodiment; objects; shared spaces; social
interaction; user interface design; virtual reality",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Systems
Applications --- Communications Applications (H.4.3):
{\bf Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and
videoconferencing}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Multimedia Information
Systems (H.5.1): {\bf Artificial, augmented, and
virtual realities}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Evaluation/methodology}",
}
@Article{Benford:2000:ITB,
author = "Steve Benford and Chris Greenhalgh and Mike Craven and
Graham Walker and Tim Regan and Jason Morphett and John
Wyver",
title = "Inhabited television: broadcasting interaction from
within collaborative virtual environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "7",
number = "4",
pages = "510--547",
year = "2000",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p510-benford/p510-benford.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2000-7-4/p510-benford/",
abstract = "Inhabited television combines collaborative virtual
environments (CVEs) with broadcast television so that
on-line audiences can participate in television shows
within shared virtual worlds. We describe a series of
experiments with inhabited television, beginning with
the NOWninety6 poetry performance, The Mirror, and
Heaven {\&} Hell--Live. These early experiments raised
fundamental questions for inhabited television
concerning the extent to which it is possible to
establish fast-paced social interaction within a CVE,
and to which it is possible to produce a coherent and
engaging broadcast of this action. We then present a
fourth more recent experiment, Out of This World, that
directly addressed these questions. We describe how the
formulation of inhabited television design principles,
combined with the use of dedicated production software
for scripting and directing a show and for controlling
virtual cameras, enabled us to create a fast-moving and
more coherent experience.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "computer-supported cooperative work; entertainment;
media spaces; social interaction",
subject = "Computer Systems Organization ---
Computer-Communication Networks --- Distributed Systems
(C.2.4): {\bf Distributed applications}; Information
Systems --- Models and Principles --- User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1): {\bf
Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): {\bf Theory and models}; Computing
Methodologies --- Computer Graphics ---
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism (I.3.7): {\bf
Virtual reality}; Computer Applications --- Arts and
Humanities (J.5): {\bf Arts, fine and performing**}",
}
@Article{Inkpen:2001:DDV,
author = "Kori M. Inkpen",
title = "Drag-and-drop versus point-and-click mouse interaction
styles for children",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "1",
pages = "1--33",
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2001-8-1/p1-inkpen/",
abstract = "This research investigates children's use of two
common mouse interaction styles, drag-and-drop and
point-and-click, to determine whether the choice of
interaction style impacts children's performance in
interactive learning environments. The interaction
styles were experimentally compared to determine if
either method was superior to the other in terms of
speed, error rate, or user preference, for children.
The two interaction styles were also compared based on
children's achievement and motivation, within a
commercial software environment. Experiment I used an
interactive learning environment as children played two
versions of an educational puzzle-solving game, each
version utilizing a different mouse interaction style;
experiment II used a mouse-controlled software
environment modeled after the educational game. The
results were similar to previous results reported for
adults: the point-and-click interaction style was
faster; fewer errors were committed using it; and it
was preferred over the drag-and-drop interaction style.
Within the context of the puzzle-solving game, the
children solved significantly fewer puzzles, and they
were less motivated using the version that utilized a
drag-and-drop interaction style as compared to the
version that utilized a point-and-click interaction
style. These results were also explored through the use
of state-transition diagrams and GOMS models, both of
which supported the experimental data gathered.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Experimentation; Human Factors; Measurement;
Performance",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "children; computers in education; drag-and-drop;
electronic games; gender; input techniques; interaction
styles; interface design; mouse interaction;
point-and-click",
subject = "Software --- Software Engineering --- Design Tools and
Techniques (D.2.2): {\bf User interfaces}; Information
Systems --- Models and Principles --- User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors}; Information
Systems --- Information Interfaces and Presentation ---
User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Input devices and
strategies}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- User Interfaces
(H.5.2): {\bf Interaction styles}; Information Systems
--- Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Evaluation/methodology};
Computing Methodologies --- Computer Graphics ---
Methodology and Techniques (I.3.6): {\bf Interaction
techniques}; Computing Milieux --- Computers and
Education --- Computer Uses in Education (K.3.1)",
}
@Article{Sedig:2001:RIM,
author = "Kamran Sedig and Maria Klawe and Marvin Westrom",
title = "Role of interface manipulation style and scaffolding
on cognition and concept learning in learnware",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "1",
pages = "34--59",
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2001-8-1/p34-sedig/p34-sedig.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2001-8-1/p34-sedig/",
abstract = "This research investigates the role of interface
manipulation style on reflective cognition and concept
learning through a comparison of the effectiveness of
three versions of a software application for learning
two-dimensional transformation geometry. The three
versions respectively utilize a Direct Object
Manipulation (DOM) interface in which the user
manipulates the visual representation of objects being
transformed; a Direct Concept Manipulation (DCM)
interface in which the user manipulates the visual
representation of the transformation being applied to
the object; and a Reflective Direct Concept
Manipulation (RDCM) interface in which the DCM approach
is extended with scaffolding. Empirical results of a
study showed that grade-6 students using the RDCM
version learned significantly more than those using the
DCM version, who is turn learned significantly more
than those using the DOM version. Students using the
RDCM version had to process information consciously and
think harder than those using the DCM and DOM versions.
Despite the relative difficulty when using the RDCM
interface style, all three groups expressed a similar
(positive) level of liking for the software. This
research suggests that some of the educational
deficiencies of Direct Manipulation (DM) interfaces are
not necessarily caused by their ``directness,'' but by
what they are directed at--in this case directness
toward objects rather than embedded educational
concepts being learned. This paper furthers our
understanding of how the DM metaphor can be used in
learning- and knowledge-centered software (i.e.,
learnware) by proposing a new DM metaphor (i.e., DCM),
and the incorporation of scaffolding to enhance the DCM
approach to promote reflective cognition and deep
learning.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Experimentation; Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognition; direct manipulation; education;
human-computer interaction; learning; learnware;
problem solving; reflection; transformation geometry",
subject = "Mathematics of Computing --- Mathematical Software
(G.4): {\bf User interfaces}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf User-centered design};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Interaction styles}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Theory and methods}; Computing
Milieux --- Computers and Education (K.3)",
}
@Article{Suhm:2001:MEC,
author = "Bernhard Suhm and Brad Myers and Alex Waibel",
title = "Multimodal error correction for speech user
interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "1",
pages = "60--98",
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2001-8-1/p60-suhm/p60-suhm.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2001-8-1/p60-suhm/",
abstract = "Although commercial dictation systems and
speech-enabled telephone voice user interfaces have
become readily available, speech recognition errors
remain a serious problem in the design and
implementation of speech user interfaces. Previous work
hypothesized that switching modality could speed up
interactive correction of recognition errors. This
article presents multimodal error correction methods
that allow the user to correct recognition errors
efficiently without keyboard input. Correction accuracy
is maximized by novel recognition algorithms that use
context information for recognizing correction input.
Multimodal error correction is evaluated in the context
of a prototype multimodal dictation system. The study
shows that unimodal repair is less accurate than
multimodal error correction. On a dictation task,
multimodal correction is faster than unimodal
correction by respeaking. The study also provides
empirical evidence that system-initiated error
correction (based on confidence measures) may not
expedite error correction. Furthermore, the study
suggests that recognition accuracy determines user
choice between modalities: while users initially prefer
speech, they learn to avoid ineffective correction
modalities with experience. To extrapolate results from
this user study, the article introduces a performance
model of (recognition-based) multimodal interaction
that predicts input speed including time needed for
error correction. Applied to interactive error
correction, the model predicts the impact of
improvements in recognition technology on correction
speeds, and the influence of recognition accuracy and
correction method on the productivity of dictation
systems. This model is a first step toward formalizing
multimodal interaction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Experimentation; Human Factors; Measurement",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "dictation systems; interactive error correction;
multimodal interfaces; pen input; performance model;
speech input; speech user interfaces",
subject = "Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Evaluation/methodology}; Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Input devices and strategies};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Interaction styles}; Information Systems --- Models and
Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human
factors}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Group and Organization
Interfaces (H.5.3): {\bf Theory and models};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): {\bf Evaluation/methodology}; Computer
Applications --- Administrative Data Processing (J.1);
Computer Applications --- Life and Medical Sciences
(J.3)",
}
@Article{Thimbleby:2001:UAM,
author = "Harold Thimbleby and Paul Cairns and Matt Jones",
title = "Usability analysis with {Markov} models",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "2",
pages = "99--132",
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2001-8-2/p99-thimbleby/",
abstract = "How hard to users to find interactive devices to use
to achieve their goals, and how can we get this
information early enough to influence design? We show
that Markov modeling can obtain suitable measures, and
we provide formulas that can be used for a large class
of systems. We analyze and consider alternative designs
for various real examples. We introduce a
``knowledge\slash usability graph,'' which shows the
impact of even a smaller amount of knowledge for the
user, and the extent to which designers' knowledge may
bias their views of usability. Markov models can be
built into design tools, and can therefore be made very
convenient for designers to utilize. One would hope
that in the future, design tools would include such
mathematical analysis, and no new design skills would
be required to evaluate devices. A particular concern
of this paper is to make the approach accessible.
Complete program code and all the underlying
mathematics are provided in appendices to enable others
to replicate and test all results shown.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Design; Human Factors; Performance",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Markov models; usability analysis",
subject = "Hardware --- Performance and Reliability ---
Performance Analysis and Design Aids (B.8.2); Data ---
Coding and Information Theory (E.4): {\bf Error control
codes}; Information Systems --- Models and Principles
--- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human
information processing}; Software --- Software
Engineering --- Design Tools and Techniques (D.2.2):
{\bf Decision tables}; Information Systems ---
Information Storage and Retrieval --- Information
Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Selection process};
Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2); Information Systems ---
Information Interfaces and Presentation --- User
Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf Theory and methods};
Information Systems --- Information Storage and
Retrieval --- Online Information Services (H.3.5);
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Hypertext/Hypermedia (H.5.4): {\bf
User issues}; Computing Methodologies --- Artificial
Intelligence --- Miscellaneous (I.2.m); Computing
Methodologies --- Pattern Recognition --- Applications
(I.5.4): {\bf Signal processing}; Computing Milieux ---
Computers and Society --- Miscellaneous (K.4.m)",
}
@Article{Prechelt:2001:IMI,
author = "Lutz Prechelt and Rainer Typke",
title = "An interface for melody input",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "2",
pages = "133--149",
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2001-8-2/p133-prechelt/p133-prechelt.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2001-8-2/p133-prechelt/",
abstract = "We present a software system, called Tuneserver, which
recognizes a musical tune whistled by the user, finds
it in a database, and returns its name, composer, and
other information. Such a service is useful for track
retrieval at radio stations, music stores, etc., and is
also a step toward the long-term goal of communicating
with a computer much like one would with a human being.
Tuneserver is implemented as a public Java-based WWW
service with a database of approximately 10,000 motifs.
Tune recognition is based on a highly error-resistant
encoding, proposed by Parsons, that uses only the
direction of the melody, ignoring the size of intervals
as well as rhythm. We present the design and
implementation of the tune recognition core, outline
the design of the Web service, and describe the results
obtained in an empirical evaluation of the new
interface, including the derivation of suitable system
parameters, resulting performance figures, and an error
analysis.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Algorithms; Human Factors; Performance",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "input mode; melody; motif; recognition; theme; tune",
subject = "Data --- Coding and Information Theory (E.4): {\bf
Error control codes}; Information Systems --- Models
and Principles --- User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf
Human information processing}; Information Systems ---
Information Storage and Retrieval --- Information
Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): {\bf Selection process};
Information Systems --- Information Storage and
Retrieval --- Online Information Services (H.3.5);
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Hypertext/Hypermedia (H.5.4);
Computing Methodologies --- Artificial Intelligence ---
Miscellaneous (I.2.m); Computing Methodologies ---
Pattern Recognition --- Applications (I.5.4): {\bf
Signal processing}; Information Systems --- Information
Interfaces and Presentation --- Hypertext/Hypermedia
(H.5.4): {\bf User issues}; Computing Milieux ---
Computers and Society --- Miscellaneous (K.4.m);
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- Sound and Music Computing (H.5.5)",
}
@Article{Whittaker:2001:CVM,
author = "Steve Whittaker and Julia Hirschberg",
title = "The character, value, and management of personal paper
archives",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "2",
pages = "150--170",
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 12:07:47 MDT 2001",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tochi/2001-8-2/p150-whittaker/p150-whittaker.pdf;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tochi/2001-8-2/p150-whittaker/",
abstract = "We explored general issues concerning personal
information management by investigating the
characteristics of office workers' paper-based
information, in an industrial research environment. we
examined the reasons people collect paper, types of
data they collect, problems encountered in handling
paper, and strategies used for processing it. We tested
three specific hypotheses in the course of an office
move. The greater availability of public digital data
along with changes in people's jobs or interests should
lead to wholescale discarding of paper data, while
preparing for the move. Instead we found workers kept
large, highly valued paper archives. We also expected
that the major part of people's personal archives would
be unique documents. However, only 49\% of people's
archives were unique documents, the remainder being
copies of publicly available data and unread
information, and we explore reasons for this. We
examined the effects of paper-processing strategies on
archive structure. We discovered different
paper-processing strategies ({\em filing\/} and {\em
piling\/}) that were relatively independent of job
type. We predicated that filers' attempted to evaluate
and categorize incoming documents would produce smaller
archives that were accessed frequently. Contrary to our
predictions, filers amassed more information, and
accessed it less frequently than pilers. We argue that
filers may engage in {\em premature filing\/}: to clear
their workspace, they archives information that later
turns out to be of low value. Given the effort involved
in organizing data, they are also loath to discard
filed information, even when its value is uncertain. We
discuss the implications of this research for digital
personal information management.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
generalterms = "Human Factors",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "archiving; document management; filing; information
retrieval; paper; personal information management",
subject = "Information Systems --- Models and Principles ---
User/Machine Systems (H.1.2): {\bf Human factors};
Information Systems --- Information Interfaces and
Presentation --- User Interfaces (H.5.2): {\bf
Evaluation/methodology}",
}
@Article{Hornof:2001:VSM,
author = "Anthony J. Hornof",
title = "Visual search and mouse-pointing in labeled versus
unlabeled two-dimensional visual hierarchies",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "3",
pages = "171--197",
month = sep,
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 19 15:03:28 MST 2002",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Thomas:2001:ACA,
author = "Bruce H. Thomas and Paul Calder",
title = "Applying cartoon animation techniques to graphical
user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "3",
pages = "198--222",
month = sep,
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 19 15:03:28 MST 2002",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{VanderZanden:2001:UMD,
author = "Bradley T. {Vander Zanden} and Richard Halterman",
title = "Using model dataflow graphs to reduce the storage
requirements of constraints",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "3",
pages = "223--265",
month = sep,
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Feb 19 15:03:28 MST 2002",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Badros:2001:CLA,
author = "Greg J. Badros and Alan Borning and Peter J. Stuckey",
title = "The {Cassowary} linear arithmetic constraint solving
algorithm",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "4",
pages = "267--306",
month = dec,
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:13 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook3.bib;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Badros:2001:IPD,
author = "Greg J. Badros and Alan Borning and Peter J. Stuckey",
title = "Integrating paper and digital information on
{EnhancedDesk}: a method for realtime finger tracking
on an augmented desk system",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "4",
pages = "307--322",
month = dec,
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:13 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Perry:2001:DMU,
author = "Mark Perry and Kenton O'Hara and Abigail Sellen and
Barry Brown and Richard Harper",
title = "Dealing with mobility: understanding access anytime,
anywhere",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "8",
number = "4",
pages = "323--347",
month = dec,
year = "2001",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:13 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Sun:2002:CMR,
author = "Chengzheng Sun and David Chen",
title = "Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative
graphics editing systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "1",
pages = "1--41",
month = mar,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:14 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ebling:2002:ITM,
author = "Maria R. Ebling and Bonnie E. John and M.
Satyanarayanan",
title = "The importance of translucence in mobile computing
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "1",
pages = "42--67",
month = mar,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:14 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Thomas:2002:INU,
author = "Peter Thomas and Robert D. Macredie",
title = "Introduction to the new usability",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "2",
pages = "69--73",
month = jun,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:14 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Petersen:2002:UET,
author = "Marianne Graves Petersen and Kim Halskov Madsen and
Arne Kj{\ae}r",
title = "The usability of everyday technology: emerging and
fading opportunities",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "2",
pages = "74--105",
month = jun,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:14 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hallnas:2002:UPE,
author = "Lars Halln{\"a}s and Johan Redstr{\"o}m",
title = "From use to presence: on the expressions and
aesthetics of everyday computational things",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "2",
pages = "106--124",
month = jun,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:14 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Palen:2002:BHD,
author = "Leysia Palen and Marilyn Salzman",
title = "Beyond the handset: designing for wireless
communications usability",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "2",
pages = "125--151",
month = jun,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:14 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bodker:2002:DCP,
author = "Susanne B{\o}dker and Jacob Buur",
title = "The design collaboratorium: a place for usability
design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "2",
pages = "152--169",
month = jun,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:14 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Quek:2002:MHD,
author = "Francis Quek and David McNeill and Robert Bryll and
Susan Duncan and Xin-Feng Ma and Cemil Kirbas and Karl
E. McCullough and Rashid Ansari",
title = "Multimodal human discourse: gesture and speech",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "3",
pages = "171--193",
month = sep,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bellini:2002:CVM,
author = "P. Bellini and P. Nesi and M. B. Spinu",
title = "Cooperative visual manipulation of music notation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "3",
pages = "194--237",
month = sep,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Koike:2002:RIH,
author = "Hideki Koike and Yoichi Sato and Yoshinori Kobayashi",
title = "Rivalry and interference with a head-mounted display",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "3",
pages = "238--251",
month = sep,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Burnett:2002:ADS,
author = "Margaret Burnett and Sherry Yang and Jay Summet",
title = "Appendices {A--D}: a scalable method for deductive
generalization in the spreadsheet paradigm",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "4",
pages = "1--5",
month = dec,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Burnett:2002:SMD,
author = "Margaret Burnett and Sherry Yang and Jay Summet",
title = "A scalable method for deductive generalization in the
spreadsheet paradigm",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "4",
pages = "253--284",
month = dec,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ruddle:2002:SAA,
author = "Roy A. Ruddle and Justin C. D. Savage and Dylan M.
Jones",
title = "Symmetric and asymmetric action integration during
cooperative object manipulation in virtual
environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "4",
pages = "285--308",
month = dec,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Sun:2002:UCI,
author = "Chengzheng Sun",
title = "Undo as concurrent inverse in group editors",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "4",
pages = "309--361",
month = dec,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hornbaek:2002:NPU,
author = "Kasper Hornb{\ae}k and Benjamin B. Bederson and
Catherine Plaisant",
title = "Navigation patterns and usability of zoomable user
interfaces with and without an overview",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "9",
number = "4",
pages = "362--389",
month = dec,
year = "2002",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:15 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Irani:2003:DIS,
author = "Pourang Irani and Colin Ware",
title = "Diagramming information structures using {$3$D}
perceptual primitives",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "1",
pages = "1--19",
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:16 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Pirolli:2003:EIS,
author = "Peter Pirolli and Stuart K. Card and Mija M. {Van Der
Wege}",
title = "The effects of information scent on visual search in
the hyperbolic tree browser",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "1",
pages = "20--53",
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:16 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Amento:2003:ESD,
author = "Brian Amento and Loren Terveen and Will Hill and
Deborah Hix and Robert Schulman",
title = "Experiments in social data mining: {The TopicShop}
system",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "1",
pages = "54--85",
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:16 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Staff:2003:R,
author = "{ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
staff}",
title = "2002 {Reviewers}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "1",
pages = "86--86",
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:16 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Steriadis:2003:DHC,
author = "Constantine E. Steriadis and Philip Constantinou",
title = "Designing human-computer interfaces for quadriplegic
people",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "2",
pages = "87--118",
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:16 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hornbaek:2003:RPU,
author = "Kasper Hornb{\ae}k and Erik Fr{\o}kj{\ae}r",
title = "Reading patterns and usability in visualizations of
electronic documents",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "2",
pages = "119--149",
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:16 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Sonnenwald:2003:ESC,
author = "Diane H. Sonnenwald and Mary C. Whitton and Kelly L.
Maglaughlin",
title = "Evaluating a scientific collaboratory: {Results} of a
controlled experiment",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "2",
pages = "150--176",
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 7 09:48:16 MDT 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Olston:2003:SIB,
author = "Christopher Olston and Ed H. Chi",
title = "{ScentTrails}: {Integrating} browsing and searching on
the {Web}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "3",
pages = "177--197",
month = sep,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 31 06:10:51 MST 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Katz:2003:ESB,
author = "Michael A. Katz and Michael D. Byrne",
title = "Effects of scent and breadth on use of site-specific
search on e-commerce {Web} sites",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "3",
pages = "198--220",
month = sep,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 31 06:10:51 MST 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Grayson:2003:YLM,
author = "David M. Grayson and Andrew F. Monk",
title = "Are you looking at me? {Eye} contact and desktop video
conferencing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "3",
pages = "221--243",
month = sep,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 31 06:10:51 MST 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Chok:2003:AGI,
author = "Sitt Sen Chok and Kim Marriott",
title = "Automatic generation of intelligent diagram editors",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "3",
pages = "244--276",
month = sep,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 31 06:10:51 MST 2003",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Johnson:2003:IMC,
author = "Peter Johnson and Jon May and Hilary Johnson",
title = "Introduction to multiple and collaborative tasks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "4",
pages = "277--280",
month = dec,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:13:33 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Pinelle:2003:TAG,
author = "David Pinelle and Carl Gutwin and Saul Greenberg",
title = "Task analysis for groupware usability evaluation:
{Modeling} shared-workspace tasks with the mechanics of
collaboration",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "4",
pages = "281--311",
month = dec,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:13:33 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{McCrickard:2003:MNS,
author = "D. Scott McCrickard and C. M. Chewar and Jacob P.
Somervell and Ali Ndiwalana",
title = "A model for notification systems
evaluation---assessing user goals for multitasking
activity",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "4",
pages = "312--338",
month = dec,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:13:33 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Johnson:2003:TMI,
author = "Hilary Johnson and Joanne Hyde",
title = "Towards modeling individual and collaborative
construction of jigsaws using task knowledge structures
{(TKS)}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "10",
number = "4",
pages = "339--387",
month = dec,
year = "2003",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Feb 2 14:13:33 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Grudin:2004:CD,
author = "Jonathan Grudin",
title = "Crossing the divide",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "1",
pages = "1--25",
month = mar,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 6 07:10:40 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Huotari:2004:IGI,
author = "Jouni Huotari and Kalle Lyytinen and Marketta
Niemel{\"a}",
title = "Improving graphical information system model use with
elision and connecting lines",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "1",
pages = "26--58",
month = mar,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 6 07:10:40 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Martin:2004:PCI,
author = "David Martin and Ian Sommerville",
title = "Patterns of cooperative interaction: {Linking}
ethnomethodology and design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "1",
pages = "59--89",
month = mar,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 6 07:10:40 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bederson:2004:DFC,
author = "Benjamin B. Bederson and Aaron Clamage and Mary P.
Czerwinski and George G. Robertson",
title = "{DateLens}: a fisheye calendar interface for
{PDAs}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "1",
pages = "90--119",
month = mar,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 6 07:10:40 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{TOCHI-staff:2004:R,
author = "{Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction staff}",
title = "2003 reviewers",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "1",
pages = "120--120",
month = mar,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 6 07:10:40 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Brotherton:2004:LLE,
author = "Jason A. Brotherton and Gregory D. Abowd",
title = "Lessons learned from {eClass}: {Assessing} automated
capture and access in the classroom",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "2",
pages = "121--155",
month = jun,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 4 08:26:36 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ravasio:2004:PDE,
author = "Pamela Ravasio and Sissel Guttormsen Sch{\"a}r and
Helmut Krueger",
title = "In pursuit of desktop evolution: {User} problems and
practices with modern desktop systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "2",
pages = "156--180",
month = jun,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 4 08:26:36 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Thimbleby:2004:UID,
author = "Harold Thimbleby",
title = "User interface design with matrix algebra",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "2",
pages = "181--236",
month = jun,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 4 08:26:36 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Oviatt:2004:IMA,
author = "Sharon Oviatt and Stephanie Seneff",
title = "Introduction to mobile and adaptive conversational
interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "3",
pages = "237--240",
month = sep,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 4 08:26:36 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Lemon:2004:MCR,
author = "Oliver Lemon and Alexander Gruenstein",
title = "Multithreaded context for robust conversational
interfaces: {Context-sensitive} speech recognition and
interpretation of corrective fragments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "3",
pages = "241--267",
month = sep,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 4 08:26:36 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Meng:2004:IAT,
author = "Helen Meng and P. C. Ching and Shuk Fong Chan and Yee
Fong Wong and Cheong Chat Chan",
title = "{ISIS}: an adaptive, trilingual conversational system
with interleaving interaction and delegation dialogs",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "3",
pages = "268--299",
month = sep,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 4 08:26:36 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Oviatt:2004:TAC,
author = "Sharon Oviatt and Courtney Darves and Rachel
Coulston",
title = "Toward adaptive conversational interfaces: {Modeling}
speech convergence with animated personas",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "3",
pages = "300--328",
month = sep,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 4 08:26:36 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Feng:2004:UCS,
author = "Jinjuan Feng and Andrew Sears",
title = "Using confidence scores to improve hands-free speech
based navigation in continuous dictation systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "4",
pages = "329--356",
month = dec,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 1 18:56:59 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hourcade:2004:DPT,
author = "Juan Pablo Hourcade and Benjamin B. Bederson and
Allison Druin and Fran{\c{c}}ois Guimbreti{\`e}re",
title = "Differences in pointing task performance between
preschool children and adults using mice",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "4",
pages = "357--386",
month = dec,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 1 18:56:59 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Becker:2004:SWU,
author = "Shirley Ann Becker",
title = "A study of {Web} usability for older adults seeking
online health resources",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "4",
pages = "387--406",
month = dec,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 1 18:56:59 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Velez:2004:WCH,
author = "Maria Velez and Marilyn Mantei Tremaine and Aleksandra
Sarcevic and Bogdan Dorohonceanu and Allan Krebs and
Ivan Marsic",
title = "``Who's in charge here?'': Communicating across
unequal computer platforms",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "4",
pages = "407--444",
month = dec,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 1 18:56:59 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Whittaker:2004:COC,
author = "Steve Whittaker and Quentin Jones and Bonnie Nardi and
Mike Creech and Loren Terveen and Ellen Isaacs and John
Hainsworth",
title = "{ContactMap}: {Organizing} communication in a social
desktop",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "11",
number = "4",
pages = "445--471",
month = dec,
year = "2004",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 1 18:56:59 MST 2004",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Zhai:2005:ISB,
author = "Shumin Zhai and Victoria Bellotti",
title = "Introduction to sensing-based interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "1",
pages = "1--2",
month = mar,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 12 07:02:49 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Benford:2005:ESD,
author = "Steve Benford and Holger Schn{\"a}delbach and Boriana
Koleva and Rob Anastasi and Chris Greenhalgh and Tom
Rodden and Jonathan Green and Ahmed Ghali and Tony
Pridmore and Bill Gaver and Andy Boucher and Brendan
Walker and Sarah Pennington and Albrecht Schmidt and
Hans Gellersen and Anthony Steed",
title = "Expected, sensed, and desired: a framework for
designing sensing-based interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "1",
pages = "3--30",
month = mar,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 12 07:02:49 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hinckley:2005:FBI,
author = "Ken Hinckley and Jeff Pierce and Eric Horvitz and Mike
Sinclair",
title = "Foreground and background interaction with
sensor-enhanced mobile devices",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "1",
pages = "31--52",
month = mar,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 12 07:02:49 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Dey:2005:DMC,
author = "Anind K. Dey and Jennifer Mankoff",
title = "Designing mediation for context-aware applications",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "1",
pages = "53--80",
month = mar,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 12 07:02:49 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ullmer:2005:TCS,
author = "Brygg Ullmer and Hiroshi Ishii and Robert J. K.
Jacob",
title = "Token $+$ constraint systems for tangible interaction
with digital information",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "1",
pages = "81--118",
month = mar,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 12 07:02:49 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Fogarty:2005:PHI,
author = "James Fogarty and Scott E. Hudson and Christopher G.
Atkeson and Daniel Avrahami and Jodi Forlizzi and Sara
Kiesler and Johnny C. Lee and Jie Yang",
title = "Predicting human interruptibility with sensors",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "1",
pages = "119--146",
month = mar,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 12 07:02:49 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Jones:2005:I,
author = "Matt Jones and Bonnie Nardi and Elizabeth D. Mynatt",
title = "Introduction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "147--148",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bell:2005:MMS,
author = "Genevieve Bell and Mark Blythe and Phoebe Sengers",
title = "Making by making strange: {Defamiliarization} and the
design of domestic technologies",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "149--173",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Adams:2005:SEE,
author = "Anne Adams and Ann Blandford and Peter Lunt",
title = "Social empowerment and exclusion: a case study on
digital libraries",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "174--200",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Maloney-Krichmar:2005:MAS,
author = "Diane Maloney-Krichmar and Jenny Preece",
title = "A multilevel analysis of sociability, usability, and
community dynamics in an online health community",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "201--232",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Carmien:2005:STE,
author = "Stefan Carmien and Melissa Dawe and Gerhard Fischer
and Andrew Gorman and Anja Kintsch and James F.
{Sullivan, Jr.}",
title = "Socio-technical environments supporting people with
cognitive disabilities using public transportation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "233--262",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Robertson:2005:VCD,
author = "Scott P. Robertson",
title = "Voter-centered design: {Toward} a voter decision
support system",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "263--292",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bickmore:2005:EML,
author = "Timothy W. Bickmore and Rosalind W. Picard",
title = "Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer
relationships",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "293--327",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Boyle:2005:LPL,
author = "Michael Boyle and Saul Greenberg",
title = "The language of privacy: {Learning} from video media
space analysis and design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "2",
pages = "328--370",
month = jun,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 21 16:53:29 MDT 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Riedl:2005:ISS,
author = "John Riedl and Paul Dourish",
title = "Introduction to the special section on recommender
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "3",
pages = "371--373",
month = sep,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 10 07:35:56 MST 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Svensson:2005:DEK,
author = "Martin Svensson and Kristina H{\"o}{\"o}k and Rickard
C{\"o}ster",
title = "Designing and evaluating {Kalas}: a social
navigation system for food recipes",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "3",
pages = "374--400",
month = sep,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 10 07:35:56 MST 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Terveen:2005:SMF,
author = "Loren Terveen and David W. McDonald",
title = "Social matching: a framework and research agenda",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "3",
pages = "401--434",
month = sep,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 10 07:35:56 MST 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Grossman:2005:PAM,
author = "Tovi Grossman and Ravin Balakrishnan",
title = "A probabilistic approach to modeling two-dimensional
pointing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "3",
pages = "435--459",
month = sep,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 10 07:35:56 MST 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Guimbretiere:2005:BMC,
author = "Fran{\c{c}}ois Guimbreti{\`e}re and Andrew Martin and
Terry Winograd",
title = "Benefits of merging command selection and direct
manipulation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "3",
pages = "460--476",
month = sep,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Nov 10 07:35:56 MST 2005",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Qiu:2005:IET,
author = "Lingyun Qiu and Izak Benbasat",
title = "An investigation into the effects of {Text-To-Speech}
voice and {$3$D} avatars on the perception of presence
and flow of live help in electronic commerce",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "4",
pages = "329--355",
month = dec,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 25 09:10:19 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Wiberg:2005:MAS,
author = "Mikael Wiberg and Steve Whittaker",
title = "Managing availability: {Supporting} lightweight
negotiations to handle interruptions",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "4",
pages = "356--387",
month = dec,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 25 09:10:19 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{McGuffin:2005:FLE,
author = "Michael J. McGuffin and Ravin Balakrishnan",
title = "{Fitts}' law and expanding targets: {Experimental}
studies and designs for user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "4",
pages = "388--422",
month = dec,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 25 09:10:19 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Burke:2005:HCB,
author = "Moira Burke and Anthony Hornof and Erik Nilsen and
Nicholas Gorman",
title = "High-cost banner blindness: {Ads} increase perceived
workload, hinder visual search, and are forgotten",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "4",
pages = "423--445",
month = dec,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 25 09:10:19 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Edwards:2005:PCC,
author = "W. Keith Edwards",
title = "Putting computing in context: an infrastructure to
support extensible context-enhanced collaborative
applications",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "12",
number = "4",
pages = "446--474",
month = dec,
year = "2005",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Mar 25 09:10:19 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Neustaedter:2006:BFF,
author = "Carman Neustaedter and Saul Greenberg and Michael
Boyle",
title = "Blur filtration fails to preserve privacy for
home-based video conferencing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "1",
pages = "1--36",
month = mar,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 21 05:25:38 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Liu:2006:QNM,
author = "Yili Liu and Robert Feyen and Omer Tsimhoni",
title = "{Queueing Network-Model Human Processor (QN-MHP)}: a
computational architecture for multitask performance in
human-machine systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "1",
pages = "37--70",
month = mar,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 21 05:25:38 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Tan:2006:PLD,
author = "Desney S. Tan and Darren Gergle and Peter Scupelli and
Randy Pausch",
title = "Physically large displays improve performance on
spatial tasks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "1",
pages = "71--99",
month = mar,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 21 05:25:38 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Benford:2006:CYS,
author = "Steve Benford and Andy Crabtree and Martin Flintham
and Adam Drozd and Rob Anastasi and Mark Paxton and
Nick Tandavanitj and Matt Adams and Ju Row-Farr",
title = "Can you see me now?",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "1",
pages = "100--133",
month = mar,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 21 05:25:38 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Cranor:2006:UIP,
author = "Lorrie Faith Cranor and Praveen Guduru and Manjula
Arjula",
title = "User interfaces for privacy agents",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "2",
pages = "135--178",
month = jun,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1165734.1165735",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Oct 7 09:34:20 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Most people do not often read privacy policies because
they tend to be long and difficult to understand. The
Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) addresses this
problem by providing a standard machine-readable format
for website privacy policies. P3P user agents can fetch
P3P privacy policies automatically, compare them with a
user's privacy preferences, and alert and advise the
user. Developing user interfaces for P3P user agents is
challenging for several reasons: privacy policies are
complex, user privacy preferences are often complex and
nuanced, users tend to have little experience
articulating their privacy preferences, users are
generally unfamiliar with much of the terminology used
by privacy experts, users often do not understand the
privacy-related consequences of their behavior, and
users have differing expectations about the type and
extent of privacy policy information they would like to
see. We developed a P3P user agent called Privacy Bird.
Our design was informed by privacy surveys and our
previous experience with prototype P3P user agents. We
describe our design approach, compare it with the
approach used in other P3P use agents, evaluate our
design, and make recommendations to designers of other
privacy agents.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Plumlee:2006:ZVM,
author = "Matthew D. Plumlee and Colin Ware",
title = "Zooming versus multiple window interfaces: {Cognitive}
costs of visual comparisons",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "2",
pages = "179--209",
month = jun,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1165734.1165736",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Oct 7 09:34:20 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In order to investigate large information spaces
effectively, it is often necessary to employ navigation
mechanisms that allow users to view information at
different scales. Some tasks require frequent movements
and scale changes to search for details and compare
them. We present a model that makes predictions about
user performance on such comparison tasks with
different interface options. A critical factor embodied
in this model is the limited capacity of visual working
memory, allowing for the cost of visits via fixating
eye movements to be compared to the cost of visits that
require user interaction with the mouse. This model is
tested with an experiment that compares a zooming user
interface with a multi-window interface for a
multiscale pattern matching task. The results closely
matched predictions in task performance times; however
error rates were much higher with zooming than with
multiple windows. We hypothesized that subjects made
more visits in the multi-window condition, and ran a
second experiment using an eye tracker to record the
pattern of fixations. This revealed that subjects made
far more visits back and forth between pattern
locations when able to use eye movements than they made
with the zooming interface. The results suggest that
only a single graphical object was held in visual
working memory for comparisons mediated by eye
movements, reducing errors by reducing the load on
visual working memory. Finally we propose a design
heuristic: extra windows are needed when visual
comparisons must be made involving patterns of a
greater complexity than can be held in visual working
memory.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ben-Bassat:2006:ESM,
author = "Tamar Ben-Bassat and Joachim Meyer and Noam
Tractinsky",
title = "Economic and subjective measures of the perceived
value of aesthetics and usability",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "2",
pages = "210--234",
month = jun,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1165734.1165737",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Oct 7 09:34:20 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The assessment of the relative value of different
design features for users is of great interest for
software designers. Users' evaluations are generally
measured through questionnaires. We suggest that other
evaluation methods, including economic measures, may
provide different estimates of the relative value of
features. In a laboratory experiment we created four
versions of a data-entry application by independently
manipulating the system's usability and aesthetics.
Users' evaluations of the four experimental systems
were obtained in a within-subjects design. In addition,
five between-subjects experimental conditions were
created, based on the evaluation method (questionnaire
alone or auction and questionnaire), monetary
incentives (present or absent), and experience in using
the system (present or absent). In questionnaire-based
responses, the systems' usability affected evaluations
of usability as well as aesthetics. Similarly, the
systems' aesthetics affected evaluations of both
aesthetics and usability. Questionnaire-based
evaluations of usability and aesthetics were not
affected by experience with the system or by monetary
performance incentives. Auction bids were only
influenced by the system's usability: bids corresponded
to the objective performance levels that could be
attained with the different systems. The results
suggest that by using economic methods, researchers and
practitioners can obtain system evaluations that are
strongly related to performance criteria and that may
be more valid when the evaluation context favors
task-oriented performance.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Sutcliffe:2006:IIC,
author = "Alistair Sutcliffe and Brian Gault and Terence
Fernando and Kevin Tan",
title = "Investigating interaction in {CAVE} virtual
environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "2",
pages = "235--267",
month = jun,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1165734.1165738",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Oct 7 09:34:20 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "An experimental comparison of interaction in the real
world and a CAVE virtual environment was carried out,
varying interaction with and without virtual hands and
comparing two manipulation tasks. The double-handed
task was possible in the real world but nearly
impossible in the VE, leading to changed behavior. The
single-handed task showed more errors in the VE but few
behavioral differences. Users encountered more errors
in the CAVE condition without the virtual hand than
with it, and few errors in the real world. Visual
feedback caused many usability problems in both tasks.
The implications for VE usability and virtual
prototyping are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kong:2006:SGG,
author = "Jun Kong and Kang Zhang and Xiaoqin Zeng",
title = "Spatial graph grammars for graphical user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "2",
pages = "268--307",
month = jun,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1165734.1165739",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Sat Oct 7 09:34:20 MDT 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In a graphical user interface, physical layout and
abstract structure are two important aspects of a
graph. This article proposes a new graph grammar
formalism which integrates both the spatial and
structural specification mechanisms in a single
framework. This formalism is equipped with a parser
that performs in polynomial time with an improved
parsing complexity over its nonspatial predecessor,
that is, the Reserved Graph Grammar. With the extended
expressive power, the formalism is suitable for many
user interface applications. The article presents its
application in adaptive Web design and presentation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hiltz:2006:ISI,
author = "Starr Roxanne Hiltz and Sara J. Czaja",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on information
systems for an aging society",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "3",
pages = "309--312",
month = sep,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1183456.1183457",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 1 16:47:34 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Plaisant:2006:SFC,
author = "Catherine Plaisant and Aaron Clamage and Hilary Browne
Hutchinson and Benjamin B. Bederson and Allison Druin",
title = "Shared family calendars: {Promoting} symmetry and
accessibility",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "3",
pages = "313--346",
month = sep,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1183456.1183458",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 1 16:47:34 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Newell:2006:DPO,
author = "Alan F. Newell and Anna Dickinson and Mick J. Smith
and Peter Gregor",
title = "Designing a portal for older users: a case study of
an industrial\slash academic collaboration",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "3",
pages = "347--375",
month = sep,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1183456.1183459",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 1 16:47:34 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Moloney:2006:LDC,
author = "Kevin P. Moloney and Julie A. Jacko and Brani
Vidakovic and Fran{\c{c}}ois Sainfort and V. Kathlene
Leonard and Bin Shi",
title = "Leveraging data complexity: {Pupillary} behavior of
older adults with visual impairment during {HCI}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "3",
pages = "376--402",
month = sep,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1183456.1183460",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 1 16:47:34 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Zaphiris:2006:TSD,
author = "Panayiotis Zaphiris and Rifaht Sarwar",
title = "Trends, similarities, and differences in the usage of
teen and senior public online newsgroups",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "3",
pages = "403--422",
month = sep,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1183456.1183461",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 1 16:47:34 MST 2006",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Grinter:2006:CTC,
author = "Rebecca E. Grinter and Leysia Palen and Margery
Eldridge",
title = "Chatting with teenagers: {Considering} the place of
chat technologies in teen life",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "4",
pages = "423--447",
month = dec,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1188816.1188817",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:32:51 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In the last few years, teenagers have been on the
forefront of adopting short message service (SMS), a
mobile phone-based text messaging system, and instant
messaging (IM), a computer-based text chat system.
However, while teenage adoption of SMS had led to a
series of studies examining the reasons for its
popularity, IM use in the teenage population remains
understudied. This omission becomes significant given
the increasing interest in domestic computing among
human-computer interaction (HCI) and computer-supported
cooperative work (CSCW) researchers. Further, because
of the dearth of empirical work on teenage use of IM,
we find that IM and SMS are sometimes incorrectly
assumed to share the same features of use. To address
these concerns, we revisit our own studies of SMS and
IM use and reexamine them in tandem with other
published studies on teenage chat. We consider
similarities and differences in styles of SMS and IM
use and how chat technologies enable the pursuit of
teenage independence. We examine how differences are
born out of technological differences and financial
cost structures. We discuss how SMS and IM are used in
concert to provide increased awareness and to
coordinate inter-household communications, and how
privacy is regulated within the individual household as
a means of maintaining these communications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "IMing; instant messaging; Text messaging; texting",
}
@Article{Mehra:2006:NHD,
author = "Sumit Mehra and Peter Werkhoven and Marcel Worring",
title = "Navigating on handheld displays: {Dynamic} versus
static peephole navigation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "4",
pages = "448--457",
month = dec,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1188816.1188818",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:32:51 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Handheld displays leave little space for the
visualization and navigation of spatial layouts
representing rich information spaces. The most common
navigation method for handheld displays is static
peephole navigation: The peephole is static and we move
the spatial layout behind it (scrolling). A more
natural method is dynamic peephole navigation: here,
the spatial layout is static and we move the peephole
across it. In the experiment reported here, we compared
dynamic and static peephole navigation in otherwise
similar conditions. Subjects viewed a spatial layout
containing two lines on a static display screen. Only a
part of the screen---the peephole---was visible.
Subjects had to discriminate line length by either
moving a dynamic peephole across a static layout of the
lines or by moving a dynamic layout behind a static
peephole. In both conditions, they used mouse-cursor
control to move either the peephole or the
lines.Results show significant differences in
discrimination performance between conditions when
lines are larger than the size of the peephole.
Discrimination thresholds for static peephole
navigation were 50--75\% higher than for dynamic
peephole navigation. Furthermore, static peephole
navigation took 24\% more time than dynamic peephole
navigation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "handheld displays; Human-computer interaction;
navigation; visual perception",
}
@Article{Wobbrock:2006:AIS,
author = "Jacob O. Wobbrock and Brad A. Myers",
title = "Analyzing the input stream for character-level errors
in unconstrained text entry evaluations",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "4",
pages = "458--489",
month = dec,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1188816.1188819",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:32:51 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Recent improvements in text entry error rate
measurement have enabled the running of text entry
experiments in which subjects are free to correct
errors (or not) as they transcribe a presented string.
In these ``unconstrained'' experiments, it is no longer
necessary to force subjects to unnaturally maintain
synchronicity with presented text for the sake of
performing overall error rate calculations. However,
the calculation of character-level error rates, which
can be trivial in artificially constrained evaluations,
is far more complicated in unconstrained text entry
evaluations because it is difficult to infer a
subject's intention at every character. For this
reason, prior character-level error analyses for
unconstrained experiments have only compared presented
and transcribed strings, not input streams. But input
streams are rich sources of character-level error
information, since they contain all of the text entered
(and erased) by a subject. The current work presents an
algorithm for the automated analysis of character-level
errors in input streams for unconstrained text entry
evaluations. It also presents new character-level
metrics that can aid method designers in refining text
entry methods. To exercise these metrics, we perform
two analyses on data from an actual text entry
experiment. One analysis, available from the prior
work, uses only presented and transcribed strings. The
other analysis uses input streams, as described in the
current work. The results confirm that input stream
error analysis yields richer information for the same
empirical data. To facilitate the use of these new
analyses, we offer pseudocode and downloadable software
for performing unconstrained text entry experiments and
analyzing data.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "character recognition; confusion matrix; deletion;
EdgeWrite; error rate; gesture; input stream;
insertion; minimum string distance; nonrecognition;
omission; optimal alignment; presented string;
recognizer; stream alignment; stroke; substitution;
Text entry; text input; transcribed string",
}
@Article{Blackwell:2006:RMD,
author = "Alan F. Blackwell",
title = "The reification of metaphor as a design tool",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "4",
pages = "490--530",
month = dec,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1188816.1188820",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:32:51 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Despite causing many debates in human-computer
interaction (HCI), the term ``metaphor'' remains a
central element of design practice. This article
investigates the history of ideas behind user-interface
(UI) metaphor, not only technical developments, but
also less familiar perspectives from education,
philosophy, and the sociology of science. The
historical analysis is complemented by a study of
attitudes toward metaphor among HCI researchers 30
years later. Working from these two streams of
evidence, we find new insights into the way that
theories in HCI are related to interface design, and
offer recommendations regarding approaches to future UI
design research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design research; history of HCI; UI metaphor",
}
@Article{Sun:2006:TAS,
author = "Chengzheng Sun and Steven Xia and David Sun and David
Chen and Haifeng Shen and Wentong Cai",
title = "Transparent adaptation of single-user applications for
multi-user real-time collaboration",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "13",
number = "4",
pages = "531--582",
month = dec,
year = "2006",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1188816.1188821",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:32:51 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Single-user interactive computer applications are
pervasive in our daily lives and work. Leveraging
single-user applications for supporting multi-user
collaboration has the potential to significantly
increase the availability and improve the usability of
collaborative applications. In this article, we report
an innovative Transparent Adaptation (TA) approach and
associated supporting techniques that can be used to
convert existing and new single-user applications into
collaborative ones, without changing the source code of
the original application. The cornerstone of the TA
approach is the operational transformation (OT)
technique and the method of adapting the single-user
application programming interface to the data and
operation models of OT. This approach and supporting
techniques were developed and tested in the process of
transparently converting two commercial off-the-shelf
single-user applications (Microsoft Word and
PowerPoint) into real-time collaborative applications,
called CoWord and CoPowerPoint, respectively. CoWord
and CoPowerPoint not only retain the functionalities
and ``look-and-feel'' of their single-user
counterparts, but also provide advanced multi-user
collaboration capabilities for supporting multiple
interaction paradigms, ranging from concurrent and free
interaction to sequential and synchronized interaction,
and for supporting detailed workspace awareness,
including multi-user telepointers and radar views. The
TA approach and generic collaboration engine software
component developed from this work are potentially
applicable and reusable in adapting a wide range of
single-user applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Application sharing; computer-supported cooperative
work; CoPowerPoint; CoWord; operational transformation;
transparent adaptation",
}
@Article{StAmant:2007:MBE,
author = "Robert {St. Amant} and Thomas E. Horton and Frank E.
Ritter",
title = "Model-based evaluation of expert cell phone menu
interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = may,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1229855.1229856",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:13 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We describe concepts to support the analysis of cell
phone menu hierarchies, based on cognitive models of
users and easy-to-use optimization techniques. We
present an empirical study of user performance on five
simple tasks of menu traversal on an example cell
phone. Two of the models applied to these tasks, based
on GOMS and ACT-R, give good predictions of behavior.
We use the empirically supported models to create an
effective evaluation and improvement process for menu
hierarchies. Our work makes three main contributions: a
novel and timely study of a new, very common HCI task;
new versions of existing models for accurately
predicting performance; and a search procedure to
generate menu hierarchies that reduce traversal time,
in simulation studies, by about a third.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Frees:2007:PIE,
author = "Scott Frees and G. Drew Kessler and Edwin Kay",
title = "{PRISM} interaction for enhancing control in immersive
virtual environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = may,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1229855.1229857",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:13 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "When directly manipulating 3D objects in an immersive
environment we cannot normally achieve the accuracy and
control that we have in the real world. This reduced
accuracy stems from hand instability. We present PRISM,
which dynamically adjusts the C/D ratio between the
hand and the controlled object to provide increased
control when moving slowly and direct, unconstrained
interaction when moving rapidly. We describe PRISM
object translation and rotation and present user
studies demonstrating their effectiveness. In addition,
we describe a PRISM-enhanced version of ray casting
which is shown to increase the speed and accuracy of
object selection.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "3D object manipulation; direct object manipulation;
precision manipulation; virtual reality",
}
@Article{McGrenere:2007:FEA,
author = "Joanna McGrenere and Ronald M. Baecker and Kellogg S.
Booth",
title = "A field evaluation of an adaptable two-interface
design for feature-rich software",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = may,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1229855.1229858",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:13 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Two approaches for supporting personalization in
complex software are system-controlled adaptive menus
and user-controlled adaptable menus. We evaluate a
novel interface design for feature-rich productivity
software based on adaptable menus. The design allows
the user to easily customize a personalized interface,
and also supports quick access to the default interface
with all of the standard features. This design was
prototyped as a front-end to a commercial word
processor. A field experiment investigated users'
personalizing behavior and tested the effects of
different interface designs on users' satisfaction and
their perceived ability to navigate, control, and learn
the software. There were two conditions: a commercial
word processor with adaptive menus and our prototype
with adaptable menus for the same word processor. Our
evaluation shows: (1) when provided with a flexible,
easy-to-use and easy-to-understand customization
mechanism, the majority of users do effectively
personalize their interface; and (2) user-controlled
interface adaptation with our adaptable menus results
in better navigation and learnability, and allows for
the adoption of different personalization strategies,
as compared to a particular system-controlled adaptive
menu system that implements a single strategy. We
report qualitative data obtained from interviews and
questionnaires with participants in the evaluation in
addition to quantitative data.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "adaptable interfaces; adaptive interfaces; bloatware;
customization; featurism; field experiment;
Human-computer interaction; individual differences;
personalization",
}
@Article{VanSchaik:2007:DPR,
author = "Paul {Van Schaik} and Jonathan Ling",
title = "Design parameters of rating scales for {Web} sites",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = may,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1229855.1229859",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:13 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The effects of design parameters of rating scales on
the perceived quality of interaction with web sites
were investigated, using four scales (Disorientation,
Perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness and Flow).
Overall, the scales exhibited good psychometric
properties. In Experiment 1, psychometric results
generally converged between two response formats
(visual analogue scale and Likert scale). However, in
Experiment 2, presentation of one questionnaire item
per page was better than all items presented on a
single page and direct interaction (using radio
buttons) was better than indirect interaction (using a
drop-down box). Practical implications and a framework
for measurement are presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Human-computer interaction; interaction mechanism;
Likert scale; online questionnaires; psychometrics;
questionnaire layout; response format; screen design;
visual analogue scale; web site",
}
@Article{Tang:2007:ALT,
author = "John C. Tang",
title = "Approaching and leave-taking: {Negotiating} contact in
computer-mediated communication",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = may,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1229855.1229860",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:13 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A major difference between face-to-face interaction
and computer-mediated communication is how contact
negotiation---the way in which people start and end
conversations---is managed. Contact negotiation is
especially problematic for distributed group members
who are separated by distance and thus do not share
many of the cues needed to help mediate interaction. An
understanding of what resources and cues people use to
negotiate making contact when face-to-face identifies
ways to design support for contact negotiation in new
technology to support remote collaboration. This
perspective is used to analyze the design and use
experiences with three communication prototypes:
Desktop Conferencing Prototype, Montage, and Awarenex.
These prototypes use text, video, and graphic
indicators to share the cues needed to gracefully start
and end conversations. Experiences with using these
prototypes focused on how these designs support the
interactional commitment of the participants---when
they have to commit their attention to an interaction
and how flexibly that can be negotiated. Reviewing what
we learned from these research experiences identifies
directions for future research in supporting contact
negotiation in computer-mediated communication.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "awareness; Computer-mediated communication;
human-computer interaction; instant messaging;
interaction design; user research",
}
@Article{Hornbaek:2007:UUF,
author = "Kasper Hornb{\ae}k and Morten Hertzum",
title = "Untangling the usability of fisheye menus",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "2",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = aug,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1275511.1275512",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:30 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Fisheye menus have become a prominent example of
fisheye interfaces, yet contain several nonfisheye
elements and have not been systematically evaluated.
This study investigates whether fisheye menus are
useful, and tries to untangle the impact on usability
of the following properties of fisheye menus: use of
distortion, index of letters for coarse navigation, and
the focus-lock mode for accurate movement. Twelve
participants took part in an experiment comparing
fisheye menus with three alternative menu designs
across known-item and browsing tasks, as well as across
alphabetical and categorical menu structures. The
results show that for finding known items, conventional
hierarchical menus are the most accurate and by far the
fastest. In addition, participants rate the
hierarchical menu as more satisfying than fisheye and
multifocus menus, but do not consistently prefer any
one menu. For browsing tasks, the menus neither differ
with respect to accuracy nor selection time.
Eye-movement data show that participants make little
use of nonfocus regions of the fisheye menu, though
these are a defining feature of fisheye interfaces.
Nonfocus regions are used more with the multifocus
menu, which enlarges important menu items in these
regions. With the hierarchical menu, participants make
shorter fixations and have shorter scanpaths,
suggesting lower requirements for mental activity and
visual search. We conclude by discussing why fisheye
menus are inferior to the hierarchical menu and how
both may be improved.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "context interfaces; fisheye menus; focus +
hierarchical menus; information visualization; menu
selection",
}
@Article{Corter:2007:CRS,
author = "James E. Corter and Jeffrey V. Nickerson and Sven K.
Esche and Constantin Chassapis and Seongah Im and Jing
Ma",
title = "Constructing reality: a study of remote, hands-on,
and simulated laboratories",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = aug,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1275511.1275513",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:30 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Laboratories play a crucial role in the education of
future scientists and engineers, yet there is
disagreement among science and engineering educators
about whether and which types of technology-enabled
labs should be used. This debate could be advanced by
large-scale randomized studies addressing the critical
issue of whether remotely operated or simulation-based
labs are as effective as the traditional hands-on lab
format. The present article describes the results of a
large-scale ($N = 306$) study comparing learning
outcomes and student preferences for several different
lab formats in an undergraduate engineering course. The
lab formats that were evaluated included traditional
hands-on labs, remotely operated labs, and simulations.
Learning outcomes were assessed by a test of the
specific concepts taught in each lab. These knowledge
scores were as high or higher (depending on topic)
after performing remote and simulated laboratories
versus performing hands-on laboratories. In their
responses to survey items, many students saw advantages
to technology-enabled lab formats in terms of such
attributes as convenience and reliability, but still
expressed preference for hands-on labs. Also,
differences in lab formats led to changes in group
functions across the plan-experiment-analyze process:
For example, students did less face-to-face work when
engaged in remote or simulated laboratories, as opposed
to hands-on laboratories.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "coordination; distance learning; experimentation;
remote laboratories; simulation; Tele-operation",
}
@Article{Jay:2007:MED,
author = "Caroline Jay and Mashhuda Glencross and Roger
Hubbold",
title = "Modeling the effects of delayed haptic and visual
feedback in a collaborative virtual environment",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = aug,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1275511.1275514",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:30 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) enable two
or more people, separated in the real world, to share
the same virtual ``space.'' They can be used for many
purposes, from teleconferencing to training people to
perform assembly tasks. Unfortunately, the
effectiveness of CVEs is compromised by one major
problem: the delay that exists in the networks linking
users together. Whilst we have a good understanding,
especially in the visual modality, of how users are
affected by delayed feedback from their own actions,
little research has systematically examined how users
are affected by delayed feedback from other people,
particularly in environments that support haptic
(force) feedback. The current study addresses this
issue by quantifying how increasing levels of latency
affect visual and haptic feedback in a collaborative
target acquisition task. Our results demonstrate that
haptic feedback in particular is very sensitive to low
levels of delay. Whilst latency affects visual feedback
from 50 ms, it impacts on haptic task performance 25 ms
earlier, and causes the haptic measures of performance
deterioration to rise far more steeply than visual. The
``impact-perceive-adapt'' model of user performance,
which considers the interaction between performance
measures, perception of latency, and the breakdown of
perception of immediate causality, is proposed as an
explanation for the observed pattern of performance.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "distributed collaboration; Haptics; latency; virtual
environments",
}
@Article{Chan:2007:EBC,
author = "Hock Chuan Chan and Hock-Hai Teo",
title = "Evaluating the boundary conditions of the technology
acceptance model: an exploratory investigation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = aug,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1275511.1275515",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:30 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The technology acceptance model (TAM) is very widely
used for studying technology acceptance. The model
states that an individual's behavioral intention (BI)
to use an information system is determined by his
perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use
(PEOU) of it. While many studies have applied the TAM,
none has examined the model's behavior over its entire
value range. We conducted two surveys to examine the
values of BI over the two-dimensional boundary space
formed by PU and PEOU. Contrary to current
understanding, we find that the effects of PU and PEOU
vary over the boundary space.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "behavioral intention; perceived ease of use; Perceived
usefulness; technology acceptance model",
}
@Article{Harper:2007:SSS,
author = "Simon Harper and Sean Bechhofer",
title = "{SADIe}: {Structural} semantics for accessibility and
device independence",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = aug,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1275511.1275516",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:30 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Visually impaired users are hindered in their efforts
to access the largest repository of electronic
information in the world, namely, the World Wide Web
(web). A visually impaired user's information and
presentation requirements are different from a sighted
user's. These requirements can become problems in that
the web is visually centric with regard to presentation
and information order/layout. Finding semantic
information already encoded directly into documents can
help to alleviate these problems. Our approach can be
loosely described as follows. For a particular
cascading stylesheet (CSS), we provide an extension to
an upper-level ontology which represents the interface
between web documents and the programmatic
transformation mechanism. This extension gives the
particular characteristics of the elements appearing in
that specific CSS. We can consider this extension to be
an annotation of the CSS elements implicitly encoded
into the web document. This means that one ontology can
be used to accurately transform every web document that
references the CSS used to generate that ontology.
Simply one ontology accurately transforms an entire
site using a generalized programmatic machinery able to
cope with all sites using CSS. Here we describe our
method, implementation, and technical evaluation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "semantic web; transcoding; visual impairment; Web
accessibility",
}
@Article{Sears:2007:ISI,
author = "Andrew Sears and Vicki L. Hanson and Brad Myers",
title = "Introduction to special issue on computers and
accessibility",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "3",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = sep,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1279700.1279701",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:42 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Sevilla:2007:WAI,
author = "Javier Sevilla and Gerardo Herrera and Bibiana
Mart{\'\i}nez and Francisco Alcantud",
title = "{Web} accessibility for individuals with cognitive
deficits: a comparative study between an existing
commercial {Web} and its cognitively accessible
equivalent",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "3",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = sep,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1279700.1279702",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:42 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Tim Berners-Lee claimed in 2001 that ``the power of
the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone
regardless of disability is an essential aspect''. A
considerable amount of work has been done to make the
web accessible to those with sensory or motor
disability, with an increasing number of government and
enterprise intranet webs being ``accessible'', and also
with some consortiums and groups seriously approaching
this commitment. Some authors, such as Harrysson, have
already highlighted the need for a cognitively
accessible web. However, in spite of good intentions,
there has been little work to date that has tackled
this task. At least until now, the existing WAI and NI4
recommendations about cognitive disability are
extremely difficult (if not impossible) to test, as
they are only general recommendations. This article
explains an alternative Web that has been constructed
and tested on a sample of participants with cognitive
disabilities ($N = 20$) with positive results
encouraging us to dedicate more effort to fine tune
their requirements regarding specific cognitive
deficits and automating the process of creating and
testing cognitively accessible web content. This
alternative web implies the use of a simplified web
browser and an adequate web design. Discussion of the
need to have several levels of cognitive accessibility,
equivalent (although not identical) content for this
collective and the need for testable protocols of
accessibility that support these people's needs is also
included. This article finishes with conclusions about
the potential impact of accessible pages in the daily
life of people suffering from cognitive deficits,
outlining the features to be considered within a user
profile specification that support cognitive
difficulties and with reflections about the suitability
of Semantic Web Technologies for future developments in
this field.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Accessibility; annotation; cognitive disabilities;
complex socio-technical systems; design for all;
ontology; self-determination; TEACCH; universal design;
visualization ontology; wrapper",
}
@Article{Takagi:2007:ANW,
author = "Hironobu Takagi and Shin Saito and Kentarou Fukuda and
Chieko Asakawa",
title = "Analysis of navigability of {Web} applications for
improving blind usability",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = sep,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1279700.1279703",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:42 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Various accessibility activities are improving blind
access to the increasingly indispensable WWW. These
approaches use various metrics to measure the Web's
accessibility. ``Ease of navigation'' (navigability) is
one of the crucial factors for blind usability,
especially for complicated webpages used in portals and
online shopping sites. However, it is difficult for
automatic checking tools to evaluate the navigation
capabilities even for a single webpage. Navigability
issues for complete Web applications are still far
beyond their capabilities.\par
This study aims at obtaining quantitative results about
the current accessibility status of real world Web
applications, and analyzes real users' behavior on such
websites. In Study 1, an automatic analysis method for
webpage navigability is introduced, and then a broad
survey using this method for 30 international online
shopping sites is described. The next study (Study 2)
focuses on a fine-grained analysis of real users'
behavior on some of these online shopping sites. We
modified a voice browser to record each user's actions
and the information presented to that user. We
conducted user testing on existing sites with this
tool. We also developed an analysis and visualization
method for the recorded information. The results showed
us that users strongly depend on scanning navigation
instead of logical navigation. A landmark-oriented
navigation model was proposed based on the results.
Finally, we discuss future possibilities for improving
navigability, including proposals for voice browsers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Accessibility; online shopping; usability testing;
voice browsers; Web accessibility",
}
@Article{Yesilada:2007:EDS,
author = "Yeliz Yesilada and Robert Stevens and Simon Harper and
Carole Goble",
title = "Evaluating {DANTE}: {Semantic} transcoding for
visually disabled users",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = sep,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1279700.1279704",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:42 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The importance of the World Wide Web for information
dissemination is indisputable. However, the dominance
of visual design on the Web leaves visually disabled
people at a disadvantage. Although assistive
technologies, such as screen readers, usually provide
basic access to information, the richness of the Web
experience is still often lost. In particular,
traversing the Web becomes a complicated task since the
richness of visual objects presented to their sighted
counterparts are neither appropriate nor accessible to
visually disabled users. To address this problem, we
have proposed an approach called Dante in which Web
pages are annotated with semantic information to make
their traversal properties explicit. Dante supports
usage of different annotation techniques and as a
proof-of-concept in this article, pages are annotated
manually which when transcoded become rich. We first
introduce Dante and then present a user evaluation
which compares how visually disabled users perform
certain travel-related tasks on original and transcoded
versions of Web pages. We discuss the evaluation
methodology in detail and present our findings, which
provide useful insights into the transcoding process.
Our evaluation shows that, in tests with users,
document objects transcoded with Dante have a tendency
to be much easier for visually disabled users to
interact with when traversing Web pages.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "evaluation; Semantic Web; transcoding; Travel; visual
impairment",
}
@Article{Kennaway:2007:PSC,
author = "J. R. Kennaway and J. R. W. Glauert and I.
Zwitserlood",
title = "Providing signed content on the {Internet} by
synthesized animation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = sep,
year = "2007",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1279700.1279705",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:42 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Written information is often of limited accessibility
to deaf people who use sign language. The eSign project
was undertaken as a response to the need for
technologies enabling efficient production and
distribution over the Internet of sign language
content. By using an avatar-independent scripting
notation for signing gestures and a client-side web
browser plug-in to translate this notation into motion
data for an avatar, we achieve highly efficient
delivery of signing, while avoiding the inflexibility
of video or motion capture. Tests with members of the
deaf community have indicated that the method can
provide an acceptable quality of signing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Animation; avatar; deaf accessibility; HamNoSys;
scripting; SiGML; sign language; virtual reality",
}
@Article{McDonald:2008:PDS,
author = "David W. McDonald and Joseph F. McCarthy and Suzanne
Soroczak and David H. Nguyen and Al M. Rashid",
title = "Proactive displays: {Supporting} awareness in fluid
social environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "4",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = jan,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1314683.1314684",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Academic conferences provide a social space for people
to present their work and interact with one another.
However, opportunities for interaction are unevenly
distributed among the attendees. We seek to extend the
opportunities for interaction among attendees by using
technology to enable them to reveal information about
their background and interests in different settings.
We evaluate a suite of applications that augment three
physical social spaces at an academic conference. The
applications were designed to augment formal conference
paper sessions and informal breaks. A mixture of
qualitative observation and survey response data are
used to frame the impacts from both individual and
group perspectives. Respondents reported on their
interactions and serendipitous findings of shared
interests with other attendees. However, some
respondents also identify distracting aspects of the
augmentation. Our discussion relates these results to
existing theory of group behavior in public places and
how these social space augmentations relate to
awareness as well as the problem of shared interaction
models.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "augmented social spaces; Awareness; evaluation;
proactive display",
}
@Article{Lunzer:2008:SIE,
author = "Aran Lunzer and Kasper Hornb{\ae}k",
title = "Subjunctive interfaces: {Extending} applications to
support parallel setup, viewing and control of
alternative scenarios",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "4",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = jan,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1314683.1314685",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Many applications require exploration of alternative
scenarios; most support it poorly. Subjunctive
interfaces provide mechanisms for the parallel setup,
viewing and control of scenarios, aiming to support
users' thinking about and interaction with their
choices. We illustrate how applications for information
access, real-time simulation, and document design may
be extended with these mechanisms. To investigate the
usability of this form of extension, we compare a
simple census browser against a version with a
subjunctive interface. In the first of three studies,
subjects reported higher satisfaction with the
subjunctive interface, and relied less on interim marks
on paper. No reduction in task completion time was
found, however, mainly because some subjects
encountered problems in setting up and controlling
scenarios. At the end of a second, five-session study,
users of a redesigned interface completed tasks 27\%
more quickly than with the simple interface. In the
third study we examined how subjects reasoned about
multiple-scenario setups in pursuing complex,
open-ended data explorations. Our main observation was
that subjects treated scenarios as information holders,
using them creatively in various ways to facilitate
task completion.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "information exploration; multiple views; Subjunctive
interfaces; user study",
}
@Article{Liao:2008:PGB,
author = "Chunyuan Liao and Fran{\c{c}}ois Guimbreti{\`e}re and
Ken Hinckley and Jim Hollan",
title = "{PapierCraft}: a gesture-based command system for
interactive paper",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "4",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = jan,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1314683.1314686",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Paper persists as an integral component of active
reading and other knowledge-worker tasks because it
provides ease of use unmatched by digital alternatives.
Paper documents are light to carry, easy to annotate,
rapid to navigate, flexible to manipulate, and robust
to use in varied environments. Interactions with paper
documents create rich webs of annotation, cross
reference, and spatial organization. Unfortunately, the
resulting webs are confined to the physical world of
paper and, as they accumulate, become increasingly
difficult to store, search, and access. XLibris
[Schilit et al. 1998] and similar systems address these
difficulties by simulating paper with tablet PCs. While
this approach is promising, it suffers not only from
limitations of current tablet computers (e.g., limited
screen space) but also from loss of invaluable paper
affordances.\par
In this article, we describe PapierCraft, a
gesture-based command system that allows users to
manipulate digital documents using paper printouts as
proxies. Using an Anoto [Anoto 2002] digital pen, users
can draw command gestures on paper to tag a paragraph,
e-mail a selected area, copy selections to a notepad,
or create links to related documents. Upon pen
synchronization, PapierCraft executes the commands and
presents the results in a digital document viewer.
Users can then search the tagged information and
navigate the web of annotated digital documents
resulting from interactions with the paper proxies.
PapierCraft also supports real time interactions across
mix-media, for example, letting users copy information
from paper to a Tablet PC screen. This article presents
the design and implementation of the PapierCraft system
and describes user feedback from initial use.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "distributed systems; gesture-based interfaces; marking
interfaces; Paper interfaces; paper-augmented digital
documents; tablet computers; ubiquitous computing",
}
@Article{Wybrow:2008:CUO,
author = "Michael Wybrow and Kim Marriott and Linda Mciver and
Peter J. Stuckey",
title = "Comparing usability of one-way and multi-way
constraints for diagram editing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "4",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = jan,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1314683.1314687",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We investigate the usability of constraint-based
alignment and distribution placement tools in diagram
editors. Currently one-way constraints are used to
provide alignment and distribution tools in many
commercial editors. We believe the limitations of these
constraints lead to serious usability issues, and thus
suggest that such tools be implemented using multi-way
constraints. We have conducted two usability studies,
the first studies we are aware of that examine the
relative usefulness of interactive graphical tools
based on one-way and multi-way constraints. They
provide strong evidence that multi-way constraint-based
alignment and distribution tools are more usable than
one-way constraint-based alignment and distribution
tools.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Constraints; diagram manipulation; layout tools",
}
@Article{Frokjaer:2008:MHT,
author = "Erik Fr{\o}kj{\ae}r and Kasper Hornb{\ae}k",
title = "Metaphors of human thinking for usability inspection
and design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = jan,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1314683.1314688",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Usability inspection techniques are widely used, but
few focus on users' thinking and many are appropriate
only for particular devices and use contexts. We
present a new technique (MOT) that guides inspection by
metaphors of human thinking. The metaphors concern
habit, the stream of thought, awareness and
associations, the relation between utterances and
thought, and knowing. The main novelty of MOT is its
psychological basis combined with its use of metaphors
to stimulate inspection. The first of three experiments
shows that usability problems uncovered with MOT are
more serious and more complex to repair than problems
found with heuristic evaluation. Problems found with
MOT are also judged more likely to persist for expert
users. The second experiment shows that MOT finds more
problems than cognitive walkthrough, and has a wider
coverage of a reference collection of usability
problems. Participants prefer using MOT over cognitive
walkthrough; an important reason being the wider scope
of MOT. The third experiment compares MOT, cognitive
walkthrough, and think aloud testing, in the context of
nontraditional user interfaces. Participants prefer
using think aloud testing, but identify few problems
with that technique that are not found also with MOT or
cognitive walkthrough. MOT identifies more problems
than the other techniques. Across experiments and
measures of usability problems' utility in systems
design, MOT performs better than existing inspection
techniques and is comparable to think aloud testing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognitive walkthrough; heuristic evaluation; metaphors
of human thinking; think aloud testing; Usability
evaluation; usability inspection",
}
@Article{Bailey:2008:UCM,
author = "Brian P. Bailey and Shamsi T. Iqbal",
title = "Understanding changes in mental workload during
execution of goal-directed tasks and its application
for interruption management",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "4",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = jan,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1314683.1314689",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Notifications can have reduced interruption cost if
delivered at moments of lower mental workload during
task execution. Cognitive theorists have speculated
that these moments occur at subtask boundaries. In this
article, we empirically test this speculation by
examining how workload changes during execution of
goal-directed tasks, focusing on regions between
adjacent chunks within the tasks, that is, the subtask
boundaries. In a controlled experiment, users performed
several interactive tasks while their pupil dilation, a
reliable measure of workload, was continuously measured
using an eye tracking system. The workload data was
extracted from the pupil data, precisely aligned to the
corresponding task models, and analyzed. Our principal
findings include (i) workload changes throughout the
execution of goal-directed tasks; (ii) workload
exhibits transient decreases at subtask boundaries
relative to the preceding subtasks; (iii) the amount of
decrease tends to be greater at boundaries
corresponding to the completion of larger chunks of the
task; and (iv) different types of subtasks induce
different amounts of workload. We situate these
findings within resource theories of attention and
discuss important implications for interruption
management systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Attention; interruption; pupil size; task models; user
studies; workload",
}
@Article{Anonymous:2008:R,
author = "Anonymous",
title = "2007 reviewers",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "14",
number = "4",
pages = "22:1--22:??",
month = jan,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1314683.1315744",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:33:55 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Chen:2008:IAM,
author = "Sherry Y. Chen and Xiaohui Liu",
title = "An integrated approach for modeling learning patterns
of students in {Web}-based instruction: a cognitive
style perspective",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352782.1352783",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:34:07 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Web-based instruction (WBI) programs, which have been
increasingly developed in educational settings, are
used by diverse learners. Therefore, individual
differences are key factors for the development of WBI
programs. Among various dimensions of individual
differences, the study presented in this article
focuses on cognitive styles. More specifically, this
study investigates how cognitive styles affect
students' learning patterns in a WBI program with an
integrated approach, utilizing both traditional
statistical and data-mining techniques. The former are
applied to determine whether cognitive styles
significantly affected students' learning patterns. The
latter use clustering and classification methods. In
terms of clustering, the K-means algorithm has been
employed to produce groups of students that share
similar learning patterns, and subsequently the
corresponding cognitive style for each group is
identified. As far as classification is concerned, the
students' learning patterns are analyzed using a
decision tree with which eight rules are produced for
the automatic identification of students' cognitive
styles based on their learning patterns. The results
from these techniques appear to be consistent and the
overall findings suggest that cognitive styles have
important effects on students' learning patterns within
WBI. The findings are applied to develop a model that
can support the development of WBI programs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Cognitive style; data mining; learning patterns;
Web-based instruction",
}
@Article{Bhavnani:2008:SBI,
author = "Suresh K. Bhavnani and Frederick A. Peck and Frederick
Reif",
title = "Strategy-based instruction: {Lessons} learned in
teaching the effective and efficient use of computer
applications",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352782.1352784",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:34:07 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Numerous studies have shown that many users do not
acquire the knowledge necessary for the effective and
efficient use of computer applications such as
spreadsheets and Web-authoring tools. While many
cognitive, cultural, and social reasons have been
offered to explain this phenomenon, there have been few
systematic attempts to address it. This article
describes how we identified a framework to organize
effective and efficient strategies to use computer
applications and used an approach called strategy-based
instruction to teach those strategies over five years
to almost 400 students. Controlled experiments
demonstrated that the instructional approach (1)
enables students to learn strategies without harming
command knowledge, (2) benefits students from technical
and nontechnical majors, and (3) is robust across
different instructional contexts and new applications.
Real-world classroom experience of teaching
strategy-based instruction over several instantiations
has enabled the approach to be disseminated to other
universities. The lessons learned throughout the
process of design, implementation, evaluation, and
dissemination should allow teaching a large number of
users in many organizations to rapidly acquire the
strategic knowledge to make more effective and
efficient use of computer applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Strategies; strategy-based instruction; teaching;
training",
}
@Article{Sharit:2008:IRK,
author = "Joseph Sharit and Mario A. Hern{\'a}ndez and Sara J.
Czaja and Peter Pirolli",
title = "Investigating the roles of knowledge and cognitive
abilities in older adult information seeking on the
{Web}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352782.1352785",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:34:07 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This study investigated the influences of knowledge,
particularly Internet, Web browser, and search engine
knowledge, as well as cognitive abilities on older
adult information seeking on the Internet. The emphasis
on aspects of cognition was informed by a modeling
framework of search engine information-seeking
behavior. Participants from two older age groups were
recruited: twenty people in a younger-old group (ages
60-70) and twenty people in an older-old group (ages
71-85). Ten younger adults (ages 18-39) served as a
comparison group. All participants had at least some
Internet search experience. The experimental task
consisted of six realistic search problems, all
involving information related to health and well-being
and which varied in degree of complexity. The results
indicated that though necessary, Internet-related
knowledge was not sufficient in explaining
information-seeking performance, and suggested that a
combination of both knowledge and key cognitive
abilities is important for successful information
seeking. In addition, the cognitive abilities that were
found to be critical for task performance depended on
the search problem's complexity. Also, significant
differences in task performance between the younger and
the two older age groups were found on complex, but not
on simple problems. Overall, the results from this
study have implications for instructing older adults on
Internet information seeking and for the design of Web
sites.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "health information seeking; Human-computer
interaction; Internet; mental models; older adults;
Pathfinder networks; search engines",
}
@Article{Zhao:2008:DSU,
author = "Haixia Zhao and Catherine Plaisant and Ben Shneiderman
and Jonathan Lazar",
title = "Data Sonification for Users with Visual Impairment:
a Case Study with Georeferenced Data",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352782.1352786",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:34:07 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We describe the development and evaluation of a tool,
iSonic, to assist users with visual impairment in
exploring georeferenced data using coordinated maps and
tables, augmented with nontextual sounds and speech
output. Our in-depth case studies with 7 blind users
during 42 hours of data collection, showed that iSonic
enabled them to find facts and discover trends in
georeferenced data, even in unfamiliar geographical
contexts, without special devices. Our design was
guided by an Action-by-Design-Component (ADC)
framework, which was also applied to scatterplots to
demonstrate its generalizability. Video and download is
available at www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/iSonic/.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "auditory user interfaces; information seeking;
Interactive sonification; universal usability; users
with visual impairment",
}
@Article{DeBruijn:2008:NFT,
author = "Oscar {De Bruijn} and Robert Spence",
title = "A New Framework for Theory-Based Interaction Design
Applied to Serendipitous Information Retrieval",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352782.1352787",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:34:07 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The activities of opportunistic and involuntary
browsing offer the potential for many of a user's
latent problems to be resolved serendipitously, with
negligible cognitive effort. In this article, we
demonstrate how the design of two novel artifacts to
support such behavior was based on a set of Design
Actions which were derived from a model of browsing
behavior in combination with a cognitive model of human
visual information processing. We propose the concept
of Design Actions as a way of avoiding the need for an
interaction designer associated with these and similar
artifacts to understand the cognitive theories
underlying them.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognition; design actions; Human-computer interaction;
involuntary browsing; mobile Web browsing;
opportunistic browsing; rapid serial visual
presentation; serendipity; table-top interaction",
}
@Article{Wu:2008:QNM,
author = "Changxu Wu and Yili Liu",
title = "Queuing Network Modeling of Transcription Typing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = may,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352782.1352788",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Jun 16 11:34:07 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Transcription typing is one of the basic and common
activities in human-machine interaction and 34
transcription typing phenomena have been discovered
involving many aspects of human performance including
interkey time, typing units and spans, typing errors,
concurrent task performance, eye movements, and skill
effects. Based on the queuing network theory of human
performance [Liu 1996; 1997] and current discoveries in
cognitive and neural science, this article extends and
applies the Queuing Network-Model Human Processor
(QN-MHP [Liu et al. 2006]) to model 32 transcription
typing phenomena. The queuing network model of
transcription typing offers new insights into the
mechanisms of cognition and human-computer interaction.
Its value in proactive ergonomics design of user
interfaces is illustrated and discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognitive modeling; human performance; Queuing
network; typing",
}
@Article{Lim:2008:APP,
author = "Youn-Kyung Lim and Erik Stolterman and Josh
Tenenberg",
title = "The anatomy of prototypes: {Prototypes} as filters,
prototypes as manifestations of design ideas",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = jul,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1375761.1375762",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Jul 3 11:10:10 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The role of prototypes is well established in the
field of HCI and Design. A lack of knowledge, however,
about the fundamental nature of prototypes still
exists. Researchers have attempted to identify
different types of prototypes, such as low- vs.
high-fidelity prototypes, but these attempts have
centered on evaluation rather than support of design
exploration. There have also been efforts to provide
new ways of thinking about the activity of using
prototypes, such as experience prototyping and paper
prototyping, but these efforts do not provide a
discourse for understanding fundamental characteristics
of prototypes. In this article, we propose an anatomy
of prototypes as a framework for prototype
conceptualization. We view prototypes not only in their
role in evaluation but also in their generative role in
enabling designers to reflect on their design
activities in exploring a design space. We base this
framework on the findings of two case studies that
reveal two key dimensions: prototypes as filters and
prototypes as manifestations. We explain why these two
dimensions are important and how this conceptual
framework can benefit our field by establishing more
solid and systematic knowledge about prototypes and
prototyping.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design; design space; human-computer interaction;
Prototype; prototyping",
}
@Article{Iachello:2008:PMP,
author = "Giovanni Iachello and Gregory D. Abowd",
title = "From privacy methods to a privacy toolbox:
{Evaluation} shows that heuristics are complementary",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = jul,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1375761.1375763",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Jul 3 11:10:10 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We describe the two-year-long development and
evaluation of the Proportionality Method, a design
method intended to aid HCI practitioners in designing
advanced IT applications with complex privacy
implications. The method is inspired by Data Protection
Authorities' (DPA) and Courts' practice and proposes to
balance the impact on privacy of IT applications with
their usefulness. We discuss the results of an
evaluation of the design method to verify its
usability, usefulness and effectiveness vis-{\`a}-vis
other design methods proposed in the HCI literature to
address similar issues. Results suggest that different
design methods for privacy highlight different sets of
issues and a combination of methods should be employed
in a comprehensive design process. We propose to judge
design methods based on their overall quantitative and
qualitative merits, including the type of application
and technology for which they are most fit and their
methodological approach. We finally propose to develop
a privacy toolbox, that is, a set of heuristic methods
that designers can choose from with knowledge and
understanding of their relative advantages and
limitations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "design methods; Privacy; proportionality; requirements
analysis; risk analysis; social issues; ubiquitous
computing",
}
@Article{Swan:2008:MPC,
author = "Laurel Swan and Alex S. Taylor and Richard Harper",
title = "Making place for clutter and other ideas of home",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = jul,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1375761.1375764",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Jul 3 11:10:10 MDT 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we examine the containment of clutter
in family homes and, from this, outline considerations
for design. Selected materials from an ethnographically
informed study of home life are used to detail the ways
in which families contain their clutter in bowls and
drawers. Clutter, within these containers, is found to
be made up of a heterogeneous collection of things
that, for all manner of reasons, hold an ambiguous
status in the home. It is shown that bowls and drawers
provide a ``safe'' site of containment for clutter,
giving the miscellany of content the ``space'' to be
properly dealt with and classified, or to be left
unresolved. The shared but idiosyncratic practices
families use to contain their clutter are seen to be
one of the ways in which the home, or at least the {\em
idea\/} of home, is collectively produced. It is also
part of the means by which families come to make their
homes distinct and unique. These findings are used to
consider what it might mean to design for the home, and
to do so in ways that are sensitive to the
idiosyncratic systems of household organization. In
conclusion, thought is given to how we design for
people's ideas of home, and how we might build sites of
uncertainty into homes, where physical as well as
digital things might coalesce.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Clutter; domestic technology; ethnography; home life;
sacred",
}
@Article{Petersen:2008:ISIa,
author = "Marianne Graves Petersen and Lars Halln{\"a}s and
Robert J. K. Jacob",
title = "Introduction to special issue on the aesthetics of
interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "3",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1453152.1453153",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:04 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Baljko:2008:AEC,
author = "Melanie Baljko and Nell Tenhaaf",
title = "The aesthetics of emergence: Co-constructed
interactions",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "3",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1453152.1453154",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:04 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we describe the {\em aesthetics of
emergence}, which is our theoretical framework for an
aesthetics of interaction and the underpinning of {\em
LoFi}, an interactive A-life artwork that we are
developing. We provide a survey of relevant concepts
from the A-life and new media research communities, and
we establish threads of commonalities with the HCI
research community and especially the subset of that
community that emphasizes aspects of user experience
other than those that are characterized by
performance-based measures. We describe and discuss
several exemplar A-life artworks that are drawn from
the last decade of jury selections of the annual Vida
Art and Artificial Life Competition, conducted by
Fundaci{\'o}n Telefonica. We conclude with a discussion
of issues that are common to the A-life and HCI
research communities.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "A-life; Aesthetics; design; interactive art works; new
media",
}
@Article{Boehner:2008:IIM,
author = "Kirsten Boehner and Phoebe Sengers and Simeon Warner",
title = "Interfaces with the ineffable: Meeting aesthetic
experience on its own terms",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "3",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1453152.1453155",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:04 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A variety of approaches have emerged in HCI that
grapple with the ineffable, ill-defined, and
idiosyncratic nature of aesthetic experience. The most
straightforward approach is to transform the ineffable
aspects of these experiences into precise
representations, producing systems that are
well-defined and testable but may miss the fullness of
the experienced phenomenon. But without formal models
and codified methods, how can we design and evaluate
for a phenomenon we aren't sure can be adequately
captured? In this article, we present a case study of a
system for reflection and awareness of emotional
presence that was, in a sense, lived into being.
Through system design, use, and evaluation we recount
how the system evolved into something that enhanced
rather than impoverished the sympathetic awareness of
another. In discussing the strategies and results of
the case study, we examine what it means for the HCI
community to not only design for aesthetic experiences
but also bring aesthetics into the practice of HCI.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "ambient displays; CSCW; experience design;
Human-computer interaction",
}
@Article{Dalsgaard:2008:PPS,
author = "Peter Dalsgaard and Lone Koefoed Hansen",
title = "Performing perception --- staging aesthetics of
interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1453152.1453156",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:04 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In interaction design for experience-oriented uses of
technology, a central facet of aesthetics of
interaction is rooted in the user's experience of
herself ``performing her perception.'' By drawing on
performance (theater) theory, phenomenology and
sociology and with references to recent HCI-work on the
relation between the system and the performer/user and
the spectator's relation to this dynamic, we show how
the user is simultaneously operator, performer and
spectator when interacting. By engaging with the
system, she continuously acts out these three roles and
her awareness of them is crucial in her experience. We
argue that this 3-in-1 is always already shaping the
user's understanding and perception of her interaction
as it is staged through her experience of the object's
form and expression. Through examples ranging from
everyday technologies utilizing performances of
interaction to spatial contemporary artworks, digital
as well as analogue, we address the notion of the
performative spectator and the spectating performer. We
demonstrate how perception is also performative and how
focus on this aspect seems to be crucial when designing
experience-oriented products, systems and services.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Aesthetics; art; experience design; human-computer
interaction; interaction design; performance theory",
}
@Article{Petersen:2008:ISIb,
author = "Marianne Graves Petersen and Lars Halln{\"a}s and
Robert J. K. Jacob",
title = "Introduction to special issue on the aesthetics of
interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "4",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1460355.1460356",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:06 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hartmann:2008:TTU,
author = "Jan Hartmann and Alistair Sutcliffe and Antonella {De
Angeli}",
title = "Towards a theory of user judgment of aesthetics and
user interface quality",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "4",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1460355.1460357",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:06 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The article introduces a framework for users' design
quality judgments based on Adaptive Decision Making
theory. The framework describes judgment on quality
attributes (usability, content/functionality,
aesthetics, customisation and engagement) with
dependencies on decision making arising from the user's
background, task and context. The framework is tested
and refined by three experimental studies. The first
two assessed judgment of quality attributes of websites
with similar content but radically different designs
for aesthetics and engagement. Halo effects were
demonstrated whereby attribution of good quality on one
attribute positively influenced judgment on another,
even in the face of objective evidence to the contrary
(e.g., usability errors). Users' judgment was also
shown to be susceptible to framing effects of the task
and their background. These appear to change the
importance order of the quality attributes; hence,
quality assessment of a design appears to be very
context dependent. The third study assessed the
influence of customisation by experiments on mobile
services applications, and demonstrated that evaluation
of customisation depends on the users' needs and
motivation. The results are discussed in the context of
the literature on aesthetic judgment, user experience
and trade-offs between usability and hedonic/ludic
design qualities.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Aesthetics; interaction styles; judgment and
decision-making; usability",
}
@Article{Redstrom:2008:TIE,
author = "Johan Redstr{\"o}m",
title = "Tangled interaction: On the expressiveness of tangible
user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "4",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1460355.1460358",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:06 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This is an analysis and exploration of a basic
aesthetic issue in interaction design: how an ambition
to design strong and persistent relations between
appearance and functionality, evident in approaches
such as tangible user interfaces, in crucial ways in
which conflicts with the ways miniaturization of
technology have changed the relation between the
object's surface and its internal complexity. To
further investigate this issue, four conceptual design
experiments are presented exploring the expressiveness
and aesthetic potential of overloading the object's
surface by adding several layers of interaction, thus
creating a kind of tangled interaction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Aesthetics; design theory; interaction design;
tangible user interfaces",
}
@Article{Rullo:2008:SQI,
author = "Alessia Rullo",
title = "The soft qualities of interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "4",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1460355.1460359",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:06 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This article provides a methodological perspective on
the notion of the aesthetics of interaction in ambient
computing systems. Aesthetics of interaction is
challenged by the design proposal for the soft
qualities of interaction, which is used as a tool to
complement existing design methodologies. The
perspective presented is based on work conducted in the
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Siena Hospital in
Italy, as a part of the EU PalCom project. The early
outcomes provide a heuristic account which questions
the design process by fostering the novel complexity of
ambient technologies in delicate and fragile
settings.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Aesthetics of interaction; neonatal care; noninvasive
and nonintrusive monitoring; soft qualities",
}
@Article{Wright:2008:AEC,
author = "Peter Wright and Jayne Wallace and John McCarthy",
title = "Aesthetics and experience-centered design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "15",
number = "4",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = nov,
year = "2008",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1460355.1460360",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Dec 8 14:07:06 MST 2008",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The aesthetics of human-computer interaction and
interaction design are conceptualized in terms of a
pragmatic account of human experience. We elaborate
this account through a framework for aesthetic
experience built around three themes: (1) a holistic
approach wherein the person with feelings, emotions,
and thoughts is the focus of design; (2) a
constructivist stance in which self is seen as
continuously engaged and constituted in making sense of
experience; and (3) a dialogical ontology in which
self, others, and technology are constructed as
multiple centers of value. We use this framework to
critically reflect on research into the aesthetics of
interaction and to suggest sensibilities for designing
aesthetic interaction. Finally, a digital jewelery case
study is described to demonstrate a design approach
that is open to the perspectives presented in the
framework and to consider how the framework and
sensibilities are reflected in engagement with
participants and approach to design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Aesthetic interaction; digital jewelery;
experience-centered design; wearables",
}
@Article{Lysecky:2009:ENC,
author = "Susan Lysecky and Frank Vahid",
title = "Enabling nonexpert construction of basic sensor-based
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = apr,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1502800.1502801",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 21 16:34:39 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Technology trends have enabled deployment of low-cost
sensor-based systems, but designing customized
sensor-based systems to carry out specific tasks still
requires costly engineering by experts. We briefly
summarize eBlocks, a technology enabling nonexperts to
quickly construct basic customized sensor-based
systems, without requiring electronics or knowledge of
programming languages. We describe experiments
illustrating successful construction of Boolean
sensor-based systems by novice users, focusing on
intuitive logic and state block design. Additionally,
we present preliminary experiments demonstrating
usability of integer-based blocks and introduce a
programmable block and the corresponding configuration
methodology intended for nonexpert users.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Boolean logic; eBlocks; embedded computing systems;
Sensor networks; truth tables",
}
@Article{McLaughlin:2009:UDI,
author = "Anne Collins McLaughlin and Wendy A. Rogers and Arthur
D. Fisk",
title = "Using direct and indirect input devices: {Attention}
demands and age-related differences",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = apr,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1502800.1502802",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 21 16:34:39 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Researchers have suggested that attention is a key
moderating variable predicting performance with an
input device [Greenstein and Arnaut 1988], although the
attention demands of devices have not been directly
investigated. We hypothesized that the attentional
demands of input devices are intricately linked to
whether the device matches the input requirements of
the on-screen task. Further, matching task and device
should be more important for attentionally reduced
groups, such as older adults. Younger and older adults
used either a direct (touch screen) or indirect (rotary
encoder) input device to perform matched or mismatched
input tasks under a spectrum of attention allocation
conditions. Input devices required attention --- more
so for older adults, especially in a mismatch
situation. In addition, task performance was influenced
by the match between task demands and input device
characteristics. Though both groups benefited from a
match between input device and task input requirements,
older adults benefited more, and this benefit increased
as less attention was available. We offer an {\em a
priori\/} method to choose an input device for a task
by considering the overlap between device attributes
and input requirements. This data should affect design
decisions concerning input device selection across age
groups and task contexts.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "attentional demands; cognitive translation; direct
manipulation; Human-computer interaction; indirect
manipulation; older adults",
}
@Article{Edwards:2009:ERC,
author = "W. Keith Edwards and Mark W. Newman and Jana Z. Sedivy
and Trevor F. Smith",
title = "Experiences with recombinant computing: {Exploring} ad
hoc interoperability in evolving digital networks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = apr,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1502800.1502803",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 21 16:34:39 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This article describes an infrastructure that supports
the creation of interoperable systems while requiring
only limited prior agreements about the specific forms
of communication between these systems. Conceptually,
our approach uses a set of ``meta-interfaces'' ---
agreements on how to exchange new behaviors necessary
to {\em achieve compatibility at runtime}, rather than
requiring that communication specifics be {\em built in
at development time\/} --- to allow devices on the
network to interact with one another. While this
approach to interoperability can remove many of the
system-imposed constraints that prevent fluid, ad hoc
use of devices now, it imposes its own limitations on
the user experience of systems that use it. Most
importantly, since devices may be expected to work with
peers about which they have no detailed semantic
knowledge, it is impossible to achieve the sort of
tight semantic integration that can be obtained using
other approaches today, despite the fact that these
other approaches limit interoperability. Instead, under
our model, users must be tasked with performing the
sense-making and semantic arbitration necessary to
determine how any set of devices will be used together.
This article describes the motivation and details of
our infrastructure, its implications on the user
experience, and our experience in creating, deploying,
and using applications built with it over a period of
several years.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "discovery; infrastructure; interoperability; Mobile
code; Obje; recombinant computing; Speakeasy;
ubiquitous computing; user interfaces",
}
@Article{Dai:2009:SFA,
author = "Liwei Dai and Andrew Sears and Rich Goldman",
title = "Shifting the focus from accuracy to recallability: a
study of informal note-taking on mobile information
technologies",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = apr,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1502800.1502804",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 21 16:34:39 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Mobile information technologies are theoretically
well-suited to digitally accommodate informal
note-taking, with the notes often recorded quickly and
under less than ideal circumstances. Unfortunately,
user adoption of mobile support for informal
note-taking has been hindered in large part by slow
text entry techniques. Building on research confirming
people's ability to recognize erroneous text, this
study explores two simple modifications to
Graffiti-based text entry with the goal of increasing
text entry speed: disabling text correction and
disabling visual feedback. As expected, both
modifications improved text entry speed at the cost of
recognizability. To address the decrease in
recognizability, a multiapproach text-enhancement
algorithm is introduced with the goal of modifying the
erroneous note to facilitate the process of recalling
the event or activity that originally motivated the
note. A study with 75 participants confirmed that the
proposed approach of discouraging user-initiated error
correction during note-taking, enhancing the resulting
erroneous notes, and facilitating recall with enhanced
alternative lists, increased note-taking speed by 47\%
with no negative impact on the participants' ability to
recall important details about the scenarios which
prompted the note-taking activities. This research
highlights the importance and efficacy of shifting the
focus from accuracy to recallability when examining the
overall efficacy of informal notes. The proposed
modifications and adaptations produce significant
benefits and have important implications for how mobile
technologies are designed to support both informal
note-taking and text entry in general.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Informal notes; mobile device; recognition error;
recognition-based text entry",
}
@Article{Ruddle:2009:BUW,
author = "Roy A. Ruddle and Simon Lessels",
title = "The benefits of using a walking interface to navigate
virtual environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = apr,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1502800.1502805",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 21 16:34:39 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Navigation is the most common interactive task
performed in three-dimensional virtual environments
(VEs), but it is also a task that users often find
difficult. We investigated how body-based information
about the translational and rotational components of
movement helped participants to perform a navigational
search task (finding targets hidden inside boxes in a
room-sized space). When participants physically walked
around the VE while viewing it on a head-mounted
display (HMD), they then performed 90\% of trials
perfectly, comparable to participants who had performed
an equivalent task in the real world during a previous
study. By contrast, participants performed less than
50\% of trials perfectly if they used a tethered HMD
(move by physically turning but pressing a button to
translate) or a desktop display (no body-based
information). This is the most complex navigational
task in which a real-world level of performance has
been achieved in a VE. Behavioral data indicates that
both translational and rotational body-based
information are required to accurately update one's
position during navigation, and participants who walked
tended to avoid obstacles, even though collision
detection was not implemented and feedback not
provided. A walking interface would bring immediate
benefits to a number of VE applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "locomotion; navigation; Virtual reality; visual
fidelity",
}
@Article{Neustaedter:2009:CCC,
author = "Carman Neustaedter and A. J. Bernheim Brush and Saul
Greenberg",
title = "The calendar is crucial: {Coordination} and awareness
through the family calendar",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = apr,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1502800.1502806",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 21 16:34:39 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Everyday family life involves a myriad of mundane
activities that need to be planned and coordinated. We
describe findings from studies of 44 different
families' calendaring routines to understand how to
best design technology to support them. We outline how
a {\em typology of calendars\/} containing family
activities is used by three different types of families
--- {\em monocentric}, {\em pericentric}, and {\em
polycentric\/} --- which vary in the level of family
involvement in the calendaring process. We describe
these family types, the content of family calendars,
the ways in which they are extended through annotations
and augmentations, and the implications from these
findings for design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "awareness; calendars; coordination; Families",
}
@Article{Paay:2009:TSP,
author = "Jeni Paay and Jesper Kjeldskov and Steve Howard and
Bharat Dave",
title = "Out on the town: a socio-physical approach to the
design of a context-aware urban guide",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = jun,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1534903.1534904",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 12 10:37:53 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "As urban environments become increasingly hybridized,
mixing the social, built, and digital in interesting
ways, designing for computing in the city presents new
challenges --- how do we understand such hybridization,
and then respond to it as designers? Here we synthesize
earlier work in human-computer interaction, sociology
and architecture in order to deliberately influence the
design of digital systems with an understanding of
their built and social context of use. We propose,
illustrate, and evaluate a multidisciplinary approach
combining rapid ethnography, architectural analysis,
design sketching, and paper prototyping. Following the
approach we are able to provide empirically grounded
representations of the socio-physical context of use,
in this case people socializing in urban spaces. We
then use this understanding to influence the design of
a context aware system to be used while out on the
town. We believe that the approach is of value more
generally, particularly when achieving powerfully
situated interactions is the design ambition.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "conceptual framework; field evaluation; field study;
Pervasive computing; physical context; prototype
design; social context; urban environment",
}
@Article{Grinter:2009:IOH,
author = "Rebecca E. Grinter and W. Keith Edwards and Marshini
Chetty and Erika S. Poole and Ja-Young Sung and
Jeonghwa Yang and Andy Crabtree and Peter Tolmie and
Tom Rodden and Chris Greenhalgh and Steve Benford",
title = "The ins and outs of home networking: {The} case for
useful and usable domestic networking",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = jun,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1534903.1534905",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 12 10:37:53 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Householders are increasingly adopting home networking
as a solution to the demands created by the presence of
multiple computers, devices, and the desire to access
the Internet. However, current network solutions are
derived from the world of work (and initially the
military) and provide poor support for the needs of the
home. We present the key findings to emerge from
empirical studies of home networks in the UK and US.
The studies reveal two key kinds of work that effective
home networking relies upon: one, the technical work of
setting up and maintaining the home network, and the
other, the collaborative and socially organized work of
the home which the network is embedded in and supports.
The two are thoroughly intertwined and rely upon one
another for their realization, yet neither is
adequately supported by current networking technologies
and applications. Explication of the ``work to make the
home network work'' opens up the design space for the
continued integration of the home network in domestic
life and elaboration of future support. Key issues for
development include the development of networking
facilities that do not require advanced networking
knowledge, that are flexible and support the local
social order of the home and the evolution of its
routines, and which ultimately make the home network
visible and accountable to household members.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Home networking; human computer interaction",
}
@Article{Salvucci:2009:RPE,
author = "Dario D. Salvucci",
title = "Rapid prototyping and evaluation of in-vehicle
interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = jun,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1534903.1534906",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 12 10:37:53 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "As driver distraction from in-vehicle devices becomes
an increasingly critical issue, researchers have aimed
to establish better scientific understanding of
distraction along with better engineering tools to
build less distracting devices. This article presents a
new system, Distract-R, that allows designers to
rapidly prototype and evaluate new in-vehicle
interfaces. The core engine of the system relies on a
rigorous cognitive model of driver behavior which, when
integrated with models of task behavior on the
prototyped interfaces, generate predictions of driver
performance and distraction. Distract-R allows a
designer to prototype basic interfaces, demonstrate
possible tasks on these interfaces, specify relevant
driver characteristics and driving scenarios, and
finally simulate, visualize, and analyze the resulting
behavior as generated by the cognitive model. The
article includes three modeling studies that
demonstrate the system's ability to account for various
aspects of driver performance for several types of
in-vehicle interfaces. More generally, Distract-R
illustrates how cognitive models can be used as
internal simulation engines for design tools intended
for nonmodelers, with the ultimate goal of helping to
understand and predict user behavior in multitasking
environments.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognitive modeling; driver distraction; Driving",
}
@Article{Bardram:2009:ABC,
author = "Jakob E. Bardram",
title = "Activity-based computing for medical work in
hospitals",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = jun,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1534903.1534907",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 12 10:37:53 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Studies have revealed that people organize and think
of their work in terms of activities that are carried
out in pursuit of some overall objective, often in
collaboration with others. Nevertheless, modern
computer systems are typically single-user oriented,
that is, designed to support individual tasks such as
word processing while sitting at a desk. This article
presents the concept of Activity-Based Computing (ABC),
which seeks to create computational support for human
activities. The ABC approach has been designed to
address activity-based computing support for clinical
work in hospitals. In a hospital, the challenges
arising from the management of parallel activities and
interruptions are amplified because multitasking is now
combined with a high degree of mobility, collaboration,
and urgency. The article presents the empirical and
theoretical background for activity-based computing,
its principles, the Java-based implementation of the
ABC Framework, and an experimental evaluation together
with a group of hospital clinicians. The article
contributes to the growing research on support for
human activities, mobility, collaboration, and
context-aware computing. The ABC Framework presents a
unifying perspective on activity-based support for
human-computer interaction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "activity-awareness; activity-based computing;
architecture; cooperation; electronic patient record;
Framework; ubiquitous computing",
}
@Article{Tanaka-Ishii:2009:KLL,
author = "Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and Julian Godon",
title = "{Kansuke}: a logograph look-up interface based on a
few modified stroke prototypes",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:17",
month = jun,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1534903.1534908",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 12 10:37:53 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We have developed a method that makes it easier for
language novices to look up Japanese and Chinese
logographs. Instead of using the arbitrary conventions
of logographs, this method is based on three simple
prototypes: horizontal, vertical, and other strokes.
For example, the code for the logograph [picture] ({\em
ta}, meaning rice field) is 3-3-0, indicating the
logograph consists of three horizontal strokes and
three vertical strokes. Such codes allow a novice to
look up logographs even with no knowledge of the
logographic conventions used by native speakers. To
make the search easier, a complex logograph can be
looked up via the components making up the logograph.
We conducted a user evaluation of this system and found
that novices could look up logographs with fewer
failures with our system than with conventional
methods.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "component tree; Logograph lookup interface",
}
@Article{Stevens:2009:CSA,
author = "Gunnar Stevens and Volker Wulf",
title = "Computer-supported access control",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "3",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = sep,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1592440.1592441",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Sep 21 16:11:06 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Traditionally, access control is understood as a
purely technical mechanism which rejects or accepts
access attempts automatically according to a specific
preconfiguration. However, such a perspective neglects
the practices of access control and the embeddedness of
technical mechanisms within situated action. In this
article, we reconceptualize the issue of access control
on a theoretical, methodological, and practical level.
On a theoretical level, we develop a terminology to
distinguish between access control practices and the
technical support mechanisms. We coin the term Computer
Supported Access Control (CSAC) to emphasize this
perspective. On a methodological level, we discuss
empirical investigations of access control behavior
from a situated action perspective. We discovered a
differentiated set of social practices around
traditional access control systems. By applying these
findings to a practical level, we enhance the design
space of computer supported access control mechanisms
by suggesting a matrix of technical mechanisms which go
beyond an ex-ante configuration.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Access control; computer supported cooperative work
field; coordination mechanism; critical design;
ethnomethodology; study",
}
@Article{Hundhausen:2009:CDM,
author = "Christopher D. Hundhausen and Sean F. Farley and
Jonathan L. Brown",
title = "Can direct manipulation lower the barriers to computer
programming and promote transfer of training? {An}
experimental study",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = sep,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1592440.1592442",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Sep 21 16:11:06 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Novices face many barriers when learning to program a
computer, including the need to learn both a new syntax
and a model of computation. By constraining syntax and
providing concrete visual representations on which to
operate, direct manipulation programming environments
can potentially lower these barriers. However, what if
the ultimate learning goal of the novice is to be able
to program in conventional textual languages, as is the
case for introductory computer science students? Can
direct manipulation programming environments lower the
initial barriers to programming, and, at the same time,
facilitate positive transfer to textual programming? To
address this question, we designed a new direct
manipulation programming interface for novices, and
conducted an experimental study to compare the
programming processes and outcomes promoted by the
direct manipulation interface against those promoted by
a textual programming interface. We found that the
direct manipulation interface promoted significantly
better initial programming outcomes, positive transfer
to the textual interface, and significant differences
in programming processes. Our results show that direct
manipulation interfaces can provide novices with a
``way in'' to traditional textual programming.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Direct manipulation; programming education; semantic
components analysis; transfer of training; video
analysis",
}
@Article{Song:2009:MFC,
author = "Hyunyoung Song and Fran{\c{c}}ois Guimbreti{\`e}re and
Hod Lipson",
title = "The {ModelCraft} framework: {Capturing} freehand
annotations and edits to facilitate the {$3$D} model
design process using a digital pen",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = sep,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1592440.1592443",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Sep 21 16:11:06 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Recent advancements in rapid prototyping techniques
such as 3D printing and laser cutting are changing the
perception of physical 3D models in architecture and
industrial design. Physical models are frequently
created not only to finalize a project but also to
demonstrate an idea in early design stages. For such
tasks, models can easily be annotated to capture
comments, edits, and other forms of feedback.
Unfortunately, these annotations remain in the physical
world and cannot easily be transferred back to the
digital world. Our system, ModelCraft, addresses this
problem by augmenting the surface of a model with a
traceable pattern. Any sketch drawn on the surface of
the model using a digital pen is recovered as part of a
digital representation. Sketches can also be
interpreted as edit marks that trigger the
corresponding operations on the CAD model. ModelCraft
supports a wide range of operations on complex models,
from editing a model to assembling multiple models, and
offers physical tools to capture free-space input.
Several interviews and a formal study with the
potential users of our system proved the ModelCraft
system useful. Our system is inexpensive, requires no
tracking infrastructure or per object calibration, and
we show how it could be extended seamlessly to use
current 3D printing technology.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Pen-based interactions; rapid prototyping; tangible
interactions",
}
@Article{Barkhuus:2009:UTU,
author = "Louise Barkhuus and Barry Brown",
title = "Unpacking the television: {User} practices around a
changing technology",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = sep,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1592440.1592444",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Sep 21 16:11:06 MDT 2009",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This article investigates the changing television
watching practices amongst early adopters of personal
hard-disk video recorders (such as Tivo) and Internet
downloading of video. Through in-depth interviews with
21 video enthusiasts, we describe how the rhythms of
television watching change when decoupled from
broadcast TV schedules. Devices such as Tivo do not
simply replace videotapes; TV watching becomes more
active as programs are gathered from the schedules,
played from a stored collection and fast forwarded and
paused during playback. Downloads users exploit the
Internet to view shows and movies not broadcast, yet
this watching is not fundamentally different from
recording shows using a PVR, since both involve
selection of shows from a limited range and a wait
before the shows can be watched.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Domestic technologies; downloading; ethnography; file
sharing; television",
}
@Article{Shaer:2009:ISI,
author = "Orit Shaer and Robert J. K. Jacob and Mark Green and
Kris Luyten",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on {UIDL} for
next-generation user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "4",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = nov,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Mar 15 18:30:54 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Nichols:2009:CLU,
author = "Jeffrey Nichols and Brad A. Myers",
title = "Creating a lightweight user interface description
language: an overview and analysis of the personal
universal controller project",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "4",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = nov,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Mar 15 18:30:54 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Navarre:2009:IMB,
author = "David Navarre and Philippe Palanque and Jean-Francois
Ladry and Eric Barboni",
title = "{ICOs}: a model-based user interface description
technique dedicated to interactive systems addressing
usability, reliability and scalability",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "4",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = nov,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Mar 15 18:30:54 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Paterno:2009:MUD,
author = "Fabio Paterno' and Carmen Santoro and Lucio Davide
Spano",
title = "{MARIA}: a universal, declarative, multiple
abstraction-level language for service-oriented
applications in ubiquitous environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "4",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = nov,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Mar 15 18:30:54 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Shaer:2009:SPD,
author = "Orit Shaer and Robert J. K. Jacob",
title = "A specification paradigm for the design and
implementation of tangible user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = nov,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Mar 15 18:30:54 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Wingrave:2009:NTE,
author = "Chadwick A. Wingrave and Joseph J. {Laviola, Jr.} and
Doug A. Bowman",
title = "A natural, tiered and executable {UIDL} for {$3$D}
user interfaces based on {Concept-Oriented Design}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "16",
number = "4",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = nov,
year = "2009",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Mon Mar 15 18:30:54 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Chen:2010:EDM,
author = "Sherry Y. Chen and Robert D. Macredie and Xiaohui Liu
and Alistair Sutcliffe",
title = "Editorial: {Data} mining for understanding user
needs",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = mar,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1721831.1721832",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 2 17:06:57 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kostakos:2010:BES,
author = "Vassilis Kostakos and Eamonn O'Neill and Alan Penn and
George Roussos and Dikaios Papadongonas",
title = "Brief encounters: {Sensing}, modeling and visualizing
urban mobility and copresence networks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = mar,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1721831.1721833",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 2 17:06:57 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Moving human-computer interaction off the desktop and
into our cities requires new approaches to
understanding people and technologies in the built
environment. We approach the city as a system, with
human, physical and digital components and behaviours.
In creating effective and usable urban pervasive
computing systems, we need to take into account the
patterns of movement and encounter amongst people,
locations, and mobile and fixed devices in the city.
Advances in mobile and wireless communications have
enabled us to detect and record the presence and
movement of devices through cities. This article makes
a number of methodological and empirical contributions.
We present a toolkit of algorithms and visualization
techniques that we have developed to model and make
sense of spatial and temporal patterns of mobility,
presence, and encounter. Applying this toolkit, we
provide an analysis of urban Bluetooth data based on a
longitudinal dataset containing millions of records
associated with more than 70000 unique devices in the
city of Bath, UK. Through a novel application of
established complex network analysis techniques, we
demonstrate a significant finding on the relationship
between temporal factors and network structure.
Finally, we suggest how our understanding and
exploitation of these data may begin to inform the
design and use of urban pervasive systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Bluetooth; brief encounter; complex network;
copresence; encounter; epidemic; information diffusion;
mobile interaction; mobility; Pervasive; sensing;
social network; trail; ubiquitous; urban computing;
virus; visualisation",
}
@Article{Fern:2010:MPS,
author = "Xiaoli Fern and Chaitanya Komireddy and Valentina
Grigoreanu and Margaret Burnett",
title = "Mining problem-solving strategies from {HCI} data",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = mar,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1721831.1721834",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 2 17:06:57 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Can we learn about users' problem-solving strategies
by observing their actions? This article introduces a
data mining system that extracts complex behavioral
patterns from logged user actions to discover users'
high-level strategies. Our application domain is an HCI
study aimed at revealing users' strategies in an
end-user debugging task and understanding how the
strategies relate to gender and to success. We cast
this problem as a sequential pattern discovery problem,
where user strategies are manifested as sequential
behavior patterns. Problematically, we found that the
patterns discovered by standard data mining algorithms
were difficult to interpret and provided limited
information about high-level strategies. To help
interpret the patterns as strategies, we examined
multiple ways of clustering the patterns into
meaningful groups. This collectively led to interesting
findings about users' behavior in terms of both gender
differences and debugging success. These common
behavioral patterns were novel HCI findings about
differences in males' and females' behavior with
software, and were verified by a parallel study with an
independent data set on strategies. As a research
endeavor into the interpretability issues faced by data
mining techniques, our work also highlights important
research directions for making data mining more
accessible to non-data-mining experts.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Clustering; human-computer interaction; sequential
patterns",
}
@Article{Teevan:2010:PP,
author = "Jaime Teevan and Susan T. Dumais and Eric Horvitz",
title = "Potential for personalization",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = mar,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1721831.1721835",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 2 17:06:57 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Current Web search tools do a good job of retrieving
documents that satisfy the most common intentions
associated with a query, but do not do a very good job
of discerning different individuals' unique search
goals. We explore the variation in what different
people consider relevant to the same query by mining
three data sources: (1) {\em explicit\/} relevance
judgments, (2) clicks on search results (a {\em
behavior-based implicit\/} measure of relevance), and
(3) the similarity of desktop content to search results
(a {\em content-based implicit\/} measure of
relevance). We find that people's explicit judgments
for the same queries differ greatly. As a result, there
is a large gap between how well search engines could
perform if they were to tailor results to the
individual, and how well they currently perform by
returning results designed to satisfy everyone. We call
this gap the {\em potential for personalization}. The
two implicit indicators we studied provide
complementary value for approximating this variation in
result relevance among people. We discuss several uses
of our findings, including a personalized search system
that takes advantage of the implicit measures by
ranking personally relevant results more highly and
improving click-through rates.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "individual differences; Personalized search; user
modeling; Web search",
}
@Article{Chen:2010:EPB,
author = "Li Chen and Pearl Pu",
title = "Experiments on the preference-based organization
interface in recommender systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = mar,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1721831.1721836",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 2 17:06:57 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "As e-commerce has evolved into its second generation,
where the available products are becoming more complex
and their abundance is almost {\em unlimited}, the task
of locating a desired choice has become too difficult
for the average user. Therefore, more effort has been
made in recent years to develop recommender systems
that recommend products or services to users so as to
assist in their decision-making process. In this
article, we describe crucial experimental results about
a novel recommender technology, called the {\em
preference-based organization\/} (Pref-ORG), which
generates critique suggestions in addition to
recommendations according to users' preferences. The
critique is a form of feedback (``I would like
something cheaper than this one'') that users can
provide to the currently displayed product, with which
the system may better predict what the user truly
wants. We compare the {\em preference-based
organization\/} technique with related approaches,
including the ones that also produce critique
candidates, but without the consideration of user
preferences. A simulation setup is first presented,
that identified Pref-ORG's significantly higher
algorithm accuracy in predicting critiques and choices
that users should intend to make, followed by a
real-user evaluation which practically verified its
significant impact on saving users' decision effort.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "association rule mining; critique suggestion;
preference-based organization; Recommender system;
simulation; user evaluation",
}
@Article{Bernstein:2010:PF,
author = "Michael S. Bernstein and Desney Tan and Greg Smith and
Mary Czerwinski and Eric Horvitz",
title = "Personalization via friendsourcing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "2",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = may,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1746259.1746260",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri May 21 12:22:14 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "When information is known only to friends in a social
network, traditional crowdsourcing mechanisms struggle
to motivate a large enough user population and to
ensure accuracy of the collected information. We thus
introduce {\em friendsourcing,\/} a form of
crowdsourcing aimed at collecting accurate information
available only to a small, socially-connected group of
individuals. Our approach to friendsourcing is to
design socially enjoyable interactions that produce the
desired information as a side effect.\par
We focus our analysis around Collabio, a novel social
tagging game that we developed to encourage friends to
tag one another within an online social network.
Collabio encourages friends, family, and colleagues to
generate useful information about each other. We
describe the design space of incentives in social
tagging games and evaluate our choices by a combination
of usage log analysis and survey data. Data acquired
via Collabio is typically accurate and augments tags
that could have been found on Facebook or the Web. To
complete the arc from data collection to application,
we produce a trio of prototype applications to
demonstrate how Collabio tags could be utilized: an
aggregate tag cloud visualization, a personalized RSS
feed, and a question and answer system. The social data
powering these applications enables them to address
needs previously difficult to support, such as question
answering for topics comprehensible only to a few of a
user's friends.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "friendsourcing; human computation; Social computing;
social tagging",
}
@Article{VanVugt:2010:EFS,
author = "Henriette C. {Van Vugt} and Jeremy N. Bailenson and
Johan F. Hoorn and Elly A. Konijn",
title = "Effects of facial similarity on user responses to
embodied agents",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = may,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1746259.1746261",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri May 21 12:22:14 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We investigated the effects of facial similarity
between users and embodied agents under different
experimental conditions. Sixty-four undergraduates
interacted with two different embodied agents: in one
case the agent was designed to look somewhat similar to
the user, and in the other case the agent was designed
to look dissimilar. We varied between subjects how
helpful the agent was for a given task. Results showed
that the facial similarity manipulation sometimes
affected participants' responses, even though they did
not consciously detect the similarity. Specifically,
when the agent was helpful, facial similarity increased
participants' ratings of involvement. However, when
exposed to unhelpful agents, male participants had
negative responses to the similar-looking agent
compared to the dissimilar one. These results suggest
that using facially similar embodied agents has a
potential large downside if that embodied agent is
perceived to be unhelpful.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "3D morphing; engagement with embodied agents; Facial
similarity; I-PEFiC model; use intentions",
}
@Article{Janlert:2010:CI,
author = "Lars-Erik Janlert and Erik Stolterman",
title = "Complex interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = may,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1746259.1746262",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri May 21 12:22:14 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "An almost explosive growth of complexity puts pressure
on people in their everyday doings. Digital artifacts
and systems are at the core of this development. How
should we handle complexity aspects when designing new
interactive devices and systems? In this article we
begin an analysis of {\em interaction complexity}. We
portray different views of complexity; we explore not
only negative aspects of complexity, but also positive,
making a case for the existence of {\em benign\/}
complexity. We argue that complex interaction is not
necessarily bad, but designers need a deeper
understanding of interaction complexity and need to
treat it in a more intentional and thoughtful way. We
examine interaction complexity as it relates to
different loci of complexity: {\em internal}, {\em
external}, and {\em mediated\/} complexity. Our purpose
with these analytical exercises is to pave the way for
design that is informed by a more focused and precise
understanding of interaction complexity.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "benign complexity; design approach; design theory;
Interaction complexity; interface design; product
design",
}
@Article{Apitz:2010:FDE,
author = "Georg Apitz and Fran{\c{c}}ois Guimbreti{\`e}re and
Shumin Zhai",
title = "Foundations for designing and evaluating user
interfaces based on the crossing paradigm",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = may,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1746259.1746263",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Fri May 21 12:22:14 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Traditional graphical user interfaces have been
designed with the desktop mouse in mind, a device well
characterized by Fitts' law. Yet in recent years,
hand-held devices and tablet personal computers using a
pen (or fingers) as the primary mean of interaction
have become more and more popular. These new
interaction modalities have pushed the traditional
focus on pointing to its limit. In this paper we
explore whether a different paradigm --- goal
crossing-based on pen strokes --- may substitute or
complement pointing as another fundamental interaction
method. First we describe a study in which we establish
that goal crossing is dependent on an index of
difficulty analogous to Fitts' law, and that in some
settings, goal crossing completion time is shorter or
comparable to pointing performance under the same index
of difficulty. We then demonstrate the expressiveness
of the crossing-based interaction paradigm by
implementing CrossY, an application which only uses
crossing for selecting commands. CrossY demonstrates
that crossing-based interactions can be more expressive
than the standard point and click approach. We also
show how crossing-based interactions encourage the
fluid composition of commands. Finally after observing
that users' performance could be influenced by the
general direction of travel, we report on the results
of a study characterizing this effect. These latter
results led us to propose a general guideline for
dialog box interaction. Together, these results provide
the foundation for the design of effective
crossing-based interactions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "command composition; crossing-based interfaces;
events; Fitts' law; fluid interaction; Goal crossing;
graphical widgets; input; input performance;
pen-computing; pointing",
}
@Article{Kirk:2010:HRV,
author = "David S. Kirk and Abigail Sellen",
title = "On human remains: {Values} and practice in the home
archiving of cherished objects",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "3",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = jul,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806923.1806924",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 15:58:25 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Creating digital archives of personal and family
artifacts is an area of growing interest, but which
seemingly is often not supported by a thorough
understanding of current home archiving practice. In
this article we seek to excavate the home archive,
exploring those things that people choose to keep
rather than simply accumulate. Based on extensive field
research in family homes we present an investigation of
the kinds of sentimental objects, both physical and
digital, to be found in homes, and through in-depth
interviews with family members we explore the values
behind archiving practices, explaining why and how
sentimental artefacts are kept. In doing this we wish
to highlight the polysemous nature of things and to
argue that archiving practice in the home is not solely
concerned with the invocation of memory. In support of
this we show how sentimental artifacts are also used to
connect with others, to define the self and the family,
to fulfill obligations and, quite conversely to efforts
of remembering, to safely forget. Such values are
fundamental to family life where archiving takes place
and consequently we explore how home archiving is
achieved as a familial practice in the negotiated
spaces of the home. From this grounded understanding of
existing practices and values, in context, we derive
requirements and implications for the design of future
forms of domestic archiving technology.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "Archiving; artifacts; domestic technology; families;
home life",
}
@Article{Mackenzie:2010:SSA,
author = "I. Scott Mackenzie and Torsten Felzer",
title = "{SAK}: {Scanning} ambiguous keyboard for efficient
one-key text entry",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "3",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = jul,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806923.1806925",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 15:58:25 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The design and evaluation of a scanning ambiguous
keyboard (SAK) is presented. SAK combines the most
demanding requirement of a scanning keyboard --- input
using one key or switch --- with the most appealing
feature of an ambiguous keyboard --- one key press per
letter. The optimal design requires just 1.713 scan
steps per character for English text entry. In a
provisional evaluation, 12 able-bodied participants
each entered 5 blocks of text with the scanning
interval decreasing from 1100 ms initially to 700 ms at
the end. The average text entry rate in the 5$^{th}$
block was 5.11 wpm with 99\% accuracy. One participant
performed an additional five blocks of trials and
reached an average speed of 9.28 wpm on the 10$^{th}$
block. Afterwards, the usefulness of the approach for
persons with severe physical disabilities was shown in
a case study with a software implementation of the idea
explicitly adapted for that target community.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "ambiguous keyboards; assistive technologies;
intentional muscle contractions; keyboards; mobile
computing; scanning keyboards; Text entry",
}
@Article{Fu:2010:SIS,
author = "Wai-Tat Fu and Thomas Kannampallil and Ruogu Kang and
Jibo He",
title = "Semantic imitation in social tagging",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "3",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = jul,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806923.1806926",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 15:58:25 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We present a semantic imitation model of social
tagging and exploratory search based on theories of
cognitive science. The model assumes that social tags
evoke a spontaneous {\em tag-based topic inference\/}
process that primes the semantic interpretation of
resource contents during exploratory search, and the
semantic priming of existing tags in turn influences
future tag choices. The model predicts that (1) users
who can see tags created by others tend to create tags
that are semantically similar to these existing tags,
demonstrating the social influence of tag choices; and
(2) users who have similar information goals tend to
create tags that are semantically similar, but this
effect is mediated by the semantic representation and
interpretation of social tags. Results from the
experiment comparing tagging behavior between a social
group (where participants can see tags created by
others) and a nominal group (where participants cannot
see tags created by others) confirmed these
predictions. The current results highlight the critical
role of human semantic representations and
interpretation processes in the analysis of large-scale
social information systems. The model implies that
analysis at both the individual and social levels are
important for understanding the active, dynamic
processes between human knowledge structures and
external folksonomies. Implications on how social
tagging systems can facilitate exploratory search,
interactive information retrievals, knowledge exchange,
and other higher-level cognitive and learning
activities are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "cognitive models; human information processing;
multilevel models; Semantic imitation; semantic
representations; social tagging",
}
@Article{Cockburn:2010:MNE,
author = "Andy Cockburn and Carl Gutwin",
title = "A model of novice and expert navigation performance in
constrained-input interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = jul,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806923.1806927",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 15:58:25 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Many interactive systems require users to navigate
through large sets of data and commands using
constrained input devices --- such as scroll rings,
rocker switches, or specialized keypads --- that
provide less power and flexibility than traditional
input devices like mice or touch screens. While
performance with more traditional devices has been
extensively studied in human-computer interaction,
there has been relatively little investigation of human
performance with constrained input. As a result, there
is little understanding of what factors govern
performance in these situations, and how interfaces
should be designed to optimize interface actions such
as navigation and selection. Since constrained input is
now common in a wide variety of interactive systems
(such as mobile phones, audio players, in-car
navigation systems, and kiosk displays), it is
important for designers to understand what factors
affect performance. To aid in this understanding, we
present the Constrained Input Navigation (CIN) model, a
predictive model that allows accurate determination of
human navigation and selection performance in
constrained-input scenarios. CIN identifies three
factors that underlie user efficiency: the performance
of the interface type for single-level item selection
(where interface type depends on the input and output
devices, the interactive behavior, and the data
organization), the hierarchical structure of the
information space, and the user's experience with the
items to be selected. We show through experiments that,
after empirical calibration, the model's predictions
fit empirical data well, and discuss why and how each
of the factors affects performance. Models like CIN can
provide valuable theoretical and practical benefits to
designers of constrained-input systems, allowing them
to explore and compare a much wider variety of
alternate interface designs without the need for
extensive user studies.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
keywords = "HCI theory; Models of interaction; predictive models",
}
@Article{Kjeldskov:2010:IUM,
author = "Jesper Kjeldskov and Jeni Paay",
title = "Indexicality: {Understanding} mobile human-computer
interaction in context",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "4",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = dec,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1879831.1879832",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jan 12 17:05:47 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A lot of research has been done within the area of
mobile computing and context-awareness over the last 15
years, and the idea of systems adapting to their
context has produced promising results for overcoming
some of the challenges of user interaction with mobile
devices within various specialized domains. However,
today it is still the case that only a limited body of
theoretically grounded knowledge exists that can
explain the relationship between users, mobile system
user interfaces, and their context. Lack of such
knowledge limits our ability to elevate learning from
the mobile systems we develop and study from a concrete
to an abstract level.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Iqbal:2010:OFL,
author = "Shamsi T. Iqbal and Brian P. Bailey",
title = "{Oasis}: a framework for linking notification
delivery to the perceptual structure of goal-directed
tasks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "4",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = dec,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1879831.1879833",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jan 12 17:05:47 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A notification represents the proactive delivery of
information to a user and reduces the need to visually
scan or repeatedly check an external information
source. At the same time, notifications often interrupt
user tasks at inopportune moments, decreasing
productivity and increasing frustration. Controlled
studies have shown that linking notification delivery
to the perceptual structure of a user's tasks can
reduce these interruption costs. However, in these
studies, the scheduling was always performed manually,
and it was not clear whether it would be possible for a
system to mimic similar techniques. This article
contributes the design and implementation of a novel
system called Oasis that aligns notification scheduling
with the perceptual structure of user tasks.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Olsen:2010:TWS,
author = "Dan R. Olsen and Brett Partridge and Stephen Lynn",
title = "Time warp sports for {Internet} television",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "4",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = dec,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1879831.1879834",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jan 12 17:05:47 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Internet-based video delivery offers new opportunities
for interactive television. The creation and usability
of interactive television is very different from
desktop or web-based interaction. The concepts of
frameworks and genres provides an approach to learnable
interaction in an entertainment rather than
task-oriented activity. The concept of a framework
defines the tools required for both producing and
viewing a particular style of interactive video
experience. An interactive framework for televised
sports is presented. This framework implements a sports
television experience that support play-by-play
navigation as well as viewer's interactive choice of
camera angles. Tools for creating and viewing
interactive sports are developed in parallel.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Lee:2010:IDM,
author = "Young Eun Lee and Izak Benbasat",
title = "Interaction design for mobile product recommendation
agents: {Supporting} users' decisions in retail
stores",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "4",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = dec,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1879831.1879835",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jan 12 17:05:47 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Mobile product recommendation agents (RAs) are
software systems that operate on mobile handheld
devices, using wireless Internet to support users'
decisions en route, such as consumers' product choices
in retail stores. As the demand for ubiquitous access
to the web grows, potential benefits of mobile RAs have
been recognized, albeit with little supporting
empirical evidence. We investigate whether and how
mobile RAs enhance users' decisions in retail stores by
reducing the effort to make purchase decisions while
augmenting the accuracy of the decisions. In addition,
to identify potential design principles for mobile RAs,
we compare and evaluate two interaction styles of
mobile RAs: alternative-driven (RA-AL) versus
attribute-driven (RA-AT) interactions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Dow:2010:PPL,
author = "Steven P. Dow and Alana Glassco and Jonathan Kass and
Melissa Schwarz and Daniel L. Schwartz and Scott R.
Klemmer",
title = "Parallel prototyping leads to better design results,
more divergence, and increased self-efficacy",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "17",
number = "4",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = dec,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1879831.1879836",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Jan 12 17:05:47 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Iteration can help people improve ideas. It can also
give rise to fixation, continuously refining one option
without considering others. Does creating and receiving
feedback on multiple prototypes in parallel, as opposed
to serially, affect learning, self-efficacy, and design
exploration? An experiment manipulated whether
independent novice designers created graphic Web
advertisements in parallel or in series. Serial
participants received descriptive critique directly
after each prototype. Parallel participants created
multiple prototypes before receiving feedback. As
measured by click-through data and expert ratings, ads
created in the Parallel condition significantly
outperformed those from the Serial condition. Moreover,
independent raters found Parallel prototypes to be more
diverse.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Lindgaard:2011:ERB,
author = "Gitte Lindgaard and Cathy Dudek and Devjani Sen and
Livia Sumegi and Patrick Noonan",
title = "An exploration of relations between visual appeal,
trustworthiness and perceived usability of homepages",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = apr,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1959022.1959023",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 28 08:33:27 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Extremely high correlations between repeated judgments
of visual appeal of homepages shown for 50 milliseconds
have been interpreted as evidence for a mere exposure
effect [Lindgaard et al. 2006]. Continuing that work,
the present research had two objectives. First, it
investigated the relationship between judgments
differing in cognitive demands. Second, it began to
identify specific visual attributes that appear to
contribute to different judgments. Three experiments
are reported. All used the stimuli and viewing time as
before. Using a paradigm known to disrupt processing
beyond the stimulus offset, Experiment 1 was designed
to ensure that the previous findings could not be
attributed to such continued processing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Medhi:2011:DMI,
author = "Indrani Medhi and Somani Patnaik and Emma Brunskill
and S. N. Nagasena Gautama and William Thies and
Kentaro Toyama",
title = "Designing mobile interfaces for novice and
low-literacy users",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = apr,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1959022.1959024",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 28 08:33:27 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "While mobile phones have found broad application in
bringing health, financial, and other services to the
developing world, usability remains a major hurdle for
novice and low-literacy populations. In this article,
we take two steps to evaluate and improve the usability
of mobile interfaces for such users. First, we offer an
ethnographic study of the usability barriers facing 90
low-literacy subjects in India, Kenya, the Philippines,
and South Africa. Then, via two studies involving over
70 subjects in India, we quantitatively compare the
usability of different points in the mobile design
space. In addition to text interfaces such as
electronic forms, SMS, and USSD, we consider three
text-free interfaces: a spoken dialog system, a
graphical interface, and a live operator.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ohara:2011:BIS,
author = "Kenton O'Hara and Jesper Kjeldskov and Jeni Paay",
title = "Blended interaction spaces for distributed team
collaboration",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = apr,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1959022.1959025",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 28 08:33:27 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In recent years there has been an introduction of
sophisticated new video conferencing technologies
(e.g., HP Halo, Cisco Telepresence) that have led to
enhancements in the collaborative user experience over
traditional video conferencing technologies.
Traditional video conferencing set-ups often distort
the shared spatial properties of action and
communication due to screen and camera orientation
disparities and other asymmetries. These distortions
affect access to the common resources used to mutually
organize action and communication. By contrast, new
systems, such as Halo, are physically configured to
reduce these asymmetries and orientation disparities,
thereby minimizing these spatial distortions. By
creating appropriate shared spatial geometries, the
distributed spaces become ``blended'' where the spatial
geometries of the local space continue coherently
across the distributed boundary into the remote site,
providing the illusion of a single unified space.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Obrenovic:2011:SIS,
author = "{\v{Z}}eljko Obrenovic and Jean-Bernard Martens",
title = "Sketching interactive systems with sketchify",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = apr,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1959022.1959026",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 28 08:33:27 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Recent discussions in the interaction design community
have called attention to sketching as an omnipresent
element of any disciplined activity of design, and have
pointed out that sketching should be extended beyond
the simple creation of a pencil trace on paper. More
specifically, the need to deal with all attributes of a
user experience, especially the timing, phrasing, and
feel of the interaction, has been identified. In this
article, we propose extending the concept of sketching
with a pencil on paper to the more generic concept of
fluent exploration of interactive materials. We define
interactive materials as any piece of software or
hardware that represents or simulates a part of the
interactive user experience, such as input from
sensors, output in the form of sound, video, or image,
or interaction with Web services or specialized
programs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Lindtner:2011:TFP,
author = "Silvia Lindtner and Judy Chen and Gillian R. Hayes and
Paul Dourish",
title = "Towards a framework of publics: Re-encountering media
sharing and its user",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "2",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = jun,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1970378.1970379",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 28 18:25:36 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Design and evaluation of user-generated media
production and sharing in Human-Computer Interaction
(HCI) often focus on formal and informal media sharing,
such as communication within social networks, automatic
notifications of activities, and the exchange of
digital artifacts. However, conceptual tools for
understanding how people relate to the audiences they
reach through these systems are limited. The increasing
interest in user-generated content in HCI demands the
infusion of new methods and theories that explicitly
engage the construction and use of media within and
among large groups of individuals and systems. In this
paper, we suggest that the notion of ``publics,'' drawn
from media theory, provides useful insights into
user-driven, social, and cultural forms of technology
use and digital content creation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Li:2011:DEC,
author = "Wei Li and Justin Matejka and Tovi Grossman and Joseph
A. Konstan and George Fitzmaurice",
title = "Design and evaluation of a command recommendation
system for software applications",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "2",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = jun,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1970378.1970380",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 28 18:25:36 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We examine the use of modern recommender system
technology to aid command awareness in complex software
applications. We first describe our adaptation of
traditional recommender system algorithms to meet the
unique requirements presented by the domain of software
commands. A user study showed that our item-based
collaborative filtering algorithm generates 2.1 times
as many good suggestions as existing techniques.
Motivated by these positive results, we propose a
design space framework and its associated algorithms to
support both global and contextual recommendations. To
evaluate the algorithms, we developed the
CommunityCommands plug-in for AutoCAD. This plug-in
enabled us to perform a 6-week user study of real-time,
within-application command recommendations in actual
working environments.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Benbunan-Fich:2011:MMB,
author = "Raquel Benbunan-Fich and Rachel F. Adler and Tamilla
Mavlanova",
title = "Measuring multitasking behavior with activity-based
metrics",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = jun,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1970378.1970381",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 28 18:25:36 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Multitasking is the result of time allocation
decisions made by individuals faced with multiple
tasks. Multitasking research is important in order to
improve the design of systems and applications. Since
people typically use computers to perform multiple
tasks at the same time, insights into this type of
behavior can help develop better systems and ideal
types of computer environments for modern multitasking
users. In this paper, we define multitasking based on
the principles of task independence and performance
concurrency and develop a set of metrics for
computer-based multitasking. The theoretical foundation
of this metric development effort stems from an
application of key principles of Activity Theory and a
systematic analysis of computer usage from the
perspective of the user, the task and the technology.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Reinecke:2011:IPP,
author = "Katharina Reinecke and Abraham Bernstein",
title = "Improving performance, perceived usability, and
aesthetics with culturally adaptive user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = jun,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1970378.1970382",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 28 18:25:36 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "When we investigate the usability and aesthetics of
user interfaces, we rarely take into account that what
users perceive as beautiful and usable strongly depends
on their cultural background. In this paper, we argue
that it is not feasible to design one interface that
appeals to all users of an increasingly global
audience. Instead, we propose to design culturally
adaptive systems, which automatically generate
personalized interfaces that correspond to cultural
preferences. In an evaluation of one such system, we
demonstrate that a majority of international
participants preferred their personalized versions over
a nonadapted interface of the same Website. Results
show that users were 22\% faster using the culturally
adapted interface, needed fewer clicks, and made fewer
errors, in line with subjective results demonstrating
that they found the adapted version significantly
easier to use.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Sease:2011:OHM,
author = "Robin Sease and David W. McDonald",
title = "The organization of home media",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = jun,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1970378.1970383",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 28 18:25:36 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The growing volume of digital music, photos and video
challenges media management software and organizing
schemes alike. Through 20 in situ, two hour interviews
we explored the when, why and how of our participants'
organizational schemes. We sought and studied
significantly larger media collections than in previous
studies. For these larger media collections some common
assumptions like the distinction between popular and
classical music collectors do not hold. Our analysis
identifies organizing schemes commonly used on a
day-to-day basis. We found that participants often rely
on overrides or exceptions to their organizational
schemes that they consider idiosyncrasies. However, our
findings illustrate that those idiosyncratic behaviors
are more common than participants believe.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ruddle:2011:WIY,
author = "Roy A. Ruddle and Ekaterina Volkova and Heinrich H.
B{\"u}lthoff",
title = "Walking improves your cognitive map in environments
that are large-scale and large in extent",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = jun,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1970378.1970384",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Tue Jun 28 18:25:36 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This study investigated the effect of body-based
information (proprioception, etc.) when participants
navigated large-scale virtual marketplaces that were
either small (Experiment 1) or large in extent
(Experiment 2). Extent refers to the size of an
environment, whereas scale refers to whether people
have to travel through an environment to see the detail
necessary for navigation. Each participant was provided
with full body-based information (walking through the
virtual marketplaces in a large tracking hall or on an
omnidirectional treadmill), just the translational
component of body-based information (walking on a
linear treadmill, but turning with a joystick), just
the rotational component (physically turning but using
a joystick to translate) or no body-based information
(joysticks to translate and rotate).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Benford:2011:CSD,
author = "Steve Benford and Andy Crabtree and Martin Flintham
and Chris Greenhalgh and Boriana Koleva and Matt Adams
and Nick Tandavanitj and Ju Row Farr and Gabriella
Giannachi and Irma Lindt",
title = "Creating the spectacle: Designing interactional
trajectories through spectator interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "3",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = jul,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993060.1993061",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Aug 17 09:31:44 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "An ethnographic study reveals how professional artists
created a spectator interface for the interactive game
Day of the Figurines, designing the size, shape, height
and materials of two tabletop interfaces before
carefully arranging them in a local setting. We also
show how participants experienced this interface. We
consider how the artists worked with a multi-scale
notion of interactional trajectory that combined
trajectories through individual displays, trajectories
through a local ecology of displays, and trajectories
through an entire experience.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hamdy:2011:HPB,
author = "Omar Hamdy and Issa Traor{\'e}",
title = "Homogeneous physio-behavioral visual and mouse-based
biometric",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "3",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = jul,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993060.1993062",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Aug 17 09:31:44 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In this research, we propose a novel biometric system
for static user authentication that homogeneously
combines mouse dynamics, visual search capability and
short-term memory effect. The proposed system
introduces the visual search capability, and short-term
memory effect to the biometric-based security world for
the first time. The use of a computer mouse for its
dynamics, and as an input sensor for the other two
biometrics, means no additional hardware is required
than the standard mouse. Experimental evaluation showed
the system effectiveness using variable or one-time
passwords. All of these attributes qualify the proposed
system to be effectively deployed as a static
authentication mechanism.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Chapuis:2011:EMS,
author = "Olivier Chapuis and Pierre Dragicevic",
title = "Effects of motor scale, visual scale, and quantization
on small target acquisition difficulty",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = jul,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993060.1993063",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Aug 17 09:31:44 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Targets of only a few pixels are notoriously difficult
to acquire. Despite many attempts at facilitating
pointing, the reasons for this difficulty are poorly
understood. We confirm a strong departure from Fitts'
Law for small target acquisition using a mouse and
investigate three potential sources of problems: motor
accuracy, legibility, and quantization. We find that
quantization is not a problem, but both motor and
visual sizes are limiting factors. This suggests that
small targets should be magnified in both motor and
visual space to facilitate pointing. Since performance
degrades exponentially as targets get very small, we
further advocate the exploration of uniform,
target-agnostic magnification strategies.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Arthur:2011:XWT,
author = "Richard Arthur and Dan R. {Olsen, Jr.}",
title = "{XICE} windowing toolkit: Seamless display
annexation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = jul,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993060.1993064",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Aug 17 09:31:44 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Users are increasingly nomadic, carrying computing
power with them. To gain rich input and output, users
could annex displays and input devices when available,
but annexing via VGA cable is insufficient. This
article introduces XICE, which uses wireless networks
to connect portable devices to display servers. Network
connections eliminate cables, allow multiple people to
share a display, and ease input annexation. XICE
mitigates potentially malicious input, and facilitates
comfortable viewing on a variety of displays via
view-independent coordinates. The XICE-distributed
graphics model greatly reduces portable device CPU
usage and extends portable device battery life.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hayes:2011:RAR,
author = "Gillian R. Hayes",
title = "The relationship of action research to human-computer
interaction",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = jul,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993060.1993065",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Aug 17 09:31:44 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Alongside the growing interest within HCI, and
arguably computing more generally, in conducting
research that has substantial societal benefits, there
is a need for new ways to think about and to articulate
the challenges of these engaged research projects as
well as their results. Action Research (AR) is a class
of methods and approaches for conducting democratic and
collaborative research with community partners. AR has
evolved over the last several decades and offers HCI
researchers theoretical lenses, methodological
approaches, and pragmatic guidance for conducting
socially relevant, collaborative, and engaged
research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kin:2011:THM,
author = "Kenrick Kin and Bj{\"o}rn Hartmann and Maneesh
Agrawala",
title = "Two-handed marking menus for multitouch devices",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = jul,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993060.1993066",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Aug 17 09:31:44 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We investigate multistroke marking menus for
multitouch devices and we show that using two hands can
improve performance. We present two new two-handed
multistroke marking menu variants in which users either
draw strokes with both hands simultaneously or
alternate strokes between hands. In a pair of studies
we find that using two hands simultaneously is faster
than using a single, dominant-handed marking menu by
10--15\%. Alternating strokes between hands doubles the
number of accessible menu items for the same number of
strokes, and is similar in performance to using a
one-handed marking menu. We also examine how stroke
direction affects performance.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Plimmer:2011:STL,
author = "Beryl Plimmer and Peter Reid and Rachel Blagojevic and
Andrew Crossan and Stephen Brewster",
title = "Signing on the tactile line: a multimodal system for
teaching handwriting to blind children",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = jul,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993060.1993067",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
bibdate = "Wed Aug 17 09:31:44 MDT 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We present McSig, a multimodal system for teaching
blind children cursive handwriting so that they can
create a personal signature. For blind people
handwriting is very difficult to learn as it is a
near-zero feedback activity that is needed only
occasionally, yet in important situations; for example,
to make an attractive and repeatable signature for
legal contracts. McSig aids the teaching of signatures
by translating digital ink from the teacher's stylus
gestures into three non-visual forms: (1) audio pan and
pitch represents the x and y movement of the stylus;
(2) kinaesthetic information is provided to the student
through a force-feedback haptic pen that mimics the
teacher's stylus movement; and (3) a physical tactile
line on the writing sheet is created by the haptic
pen.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hiltz:2011:ISM,
author = "Starr Roxanne Hiltz and Paloma Diaz and Gloria Mark",
title = "Introduction: {Social} media and collaborative systems
for crisis management",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "4",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = dec,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063231.2063232",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 30 17:39:15 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Grabowski:2011:HRV,
author = "Martha Grabowski and Karlene Roberts",
title = "High reliability virtual organizations: Co-adaptive
technology and organizational structures in tsunami
warning systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "4",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = dec,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063231.2063233",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 30 17:39:15 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Highly reliable organizations (HROs) are those
organizations, which by nature or design, cannot or
must not fail; the consequences of failure in such
systems are usually catastrophic. Systems that combine
the characteristics of highly reliable operations and
distributed, virtual organizations are known as highly
reliable virtual organizations (HRVOs)---distributed
and electronically linked groups of organizations that
excel in high-consequence settings. Tsunami warning
systems (TWS) are one example of virtual organizations
that operate under enormous expectations for
reliability. Adaptive structuration theory suggests
that, in complex systems, technology and organizational
structures co-evolve, and users adapt technology to
their needs, creating shared meaning about the role and
utility of technology in various settings.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kwon:2011:SCA,
author = "Gyu Hyun Kwon and Tonya L. Smith-Jackson and Charles
W. Bostian",
title = "Socio-cognitive aspects of interoperability:
Understanding communication task environments among
different organizations",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = dec,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063231.2063234",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 30 17:39:15 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Emergency communication systems (ECS) are a key
element in collaborations among different public safety
organizations. The need for interoperability in
emergency communication systems has hastened the
development of interoperable communication technology
that is an enabling technology to automatically
identify environmental variables including appropriate
radio frequencies and to connect different networks
used by different organizations. Even though the
technology has been researched from many perspectives
and has shown that is possible to connect different
organizations, there still remain many issues in terms
of socio-cognitive aspects. Thus, this study examines
the socio-cognitive dimensions of interoperability,
which equal the technical dimensions of the problem in
importance.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Semaan:2011:TMS,
author = "Bryan Semaan and Gloria Mark",
title = "Technology-mediated social arrangements to resolve
breakdowns in infrastructure during ongoing
disruption",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "4",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = dec,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063231.2063235",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 30 17:39:15 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "When societies experience disruption as caused by
natural disasters, various official government
agencies, relief organizations, and emergent citizen
groups engage in activities that aid in the recovery
effort---the process that leads to the resumption of
normal life. In war environments however, societal
trust can be affected and people may develop distrust
of the institutions and associated individuals that
provide and resolve breakdowns in infrastructure. This
article reports on an ethnographic study of the use of
information and communication technologies (ICTs) by
citizens experiencing ongoing disruption in a conflict
zone. We conducted 90 semistructured interviews with
Iraqi civilians who experienced the 2nd Gulf War
beginning in March 2003.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Convertino:2011:SCG,
author = "Gregorio Convertino and Helena M. Mentis and
Aleksandra Slavkovic and Mary Beth Rosson and John M.
Carroll",
title = "Supporting common ground and awareness in emergency
management planning: a design research project",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "4",
pages = "22:1--22:??",
month = dec,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063231.2063236",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 30 17:39:15 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We present a design research project on knowledge
sharing and activity awareness in distributed emergency
management planning. In three experiments we studied
groups using three different prototypes, respectively:
a paper-prototype in a collocated work setting, a first
software prototype in a distributed setting, and a
second, enhanced software prototype in a distributed
setting. In this series of studies we tried to better
understand the processes of knowledge sharing and
activity awareness in complex cooperative work by
developing and investigating new tools that can support
these processes. We explicate the design rationale
behind each prototype and report the results of each
experiment investigating it.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Toups:2011:TCG,
author = "Zachary O. Toups and Andruid Kerne and William A.
Hamilton",
title = "The team coordination game: Zero-fidelity simulation
abstracted from fire emergency response practice",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "18",
number = "4",
pages = "23:1--23:??",
month = dec,
year = "2011",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063231.2063237",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Dec 30 17:39:15 MST 2011",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Crisis response engenders a high-stress environment in
which teams gather, transform, and mutually share
information. Prior educational approaches have not
successfully addressed these critical skills. The
assumption has been that the highest fidelity
simulations result in the best learning. Deploying
high-fidelity simulations is expensive and dangerous;
they do not address team coordination. Low-fidelity
approaches are ineffective because they are not
stressful. Zero-fidelity simulation develops and
invokes the principle of abstraction, focusing on
human-information and human-human transfers of meaning,
to derive design from work practice. Our principal
hypothesis is that crisis responders will experience
zero-fidelity simulation as effective simulation of
team coordination.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Yuill:2012:MCD,
author = "Nicola Yuill and Yvonne Rogers",
title = "Mechanisms for collaboration: a design and evaluation
framework for multi-user interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147784",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Multi-user interfaces are said to provide ``natural''
interaction in supporting collaboration, compared to
individual and noncolocated technologies. We identify
three mechanisms accounting for the success of such
interfaces: high awareness of others' actions and
intentions, high control over the interface, and high
availability of background information. We challenge
the idea that interaction over such interfaces is
necessarily ``natural'' and argue that everyday
interaction involves constraints on awareness, control,
and availability. These constraints help people
interact more smoothly. We draw from social
developmental psychology to characterize the design of
multi-user interfaces in terms of how constraints on
these mechanisms can be best used to promote
collaboration. We use this framework of mechanisms and
constraints to explain the successes and failures of
existing designs, then apply it to three case studies
of design, and finally derive from them a set of
questions to consider when designing and analysing
multi-user interfaces for collaboration.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Schleyer:2012:CAR,
author = "Titus Schleyer and Brian S. Butler and Mei Song and
Heiko Spallek",
title = "Conceptualizing and advancing research networking
systems",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147785",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Science in general, and biomedical research in
particular, is becoming more collaborative. As a
result, collaboration with the right individuals,
teams, and institutions is increasingly crucial for
scientific progress. We propose Research Networking
Systems (RNS) as a new type of system designed to help
scientists identify and choose collaborators, and
suggest a corresponding research agenda. The research
agenda covers four areas: foundations, presentation,
architecture, and evaluation. Foundations includes
project-, institution- and discipline-specific
motivational factors; the role of social networks; and
impression formation based on information beyond
expertise and interests. Presentation addresses
representing expertise in a comprehensive and
up-to-date manner; the role of controlled vocabularies
and folksonomies; the tension between seekers' need for
comprehensive information and potential collaborators'
desire to control how they are seen by others; and the
need to support serendipitous discovery of
collaborative opportunities. Architecture considers
aggregation and synthesis of information from multiple
sources, social system interoperability, and
integration with the user's primary work context.
Lastly, evaluation focuses on assessment of
collaboration decisions, measurement of user-specific
costs and benefits, and how the large-scale impact of
RNS could be evaluated with longitudinal and
naturalistic methods. We hope that this article
stimulates the human-computer interaction,
computer-supported cooperative work, and related
communities to pursue a broad and comprehensive agenda
for developing research networking systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Liao:2012:EUU,
author = "Chunyuan Liao and Fran{\c{c}}cois Guimbreti{\`e}ere",
title = "Evaluating and understanding the usability of a
pen-based command system for interactive paper",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147786",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "To combine the affordances of paper and computers,
prior research has proposed numerous interactive paper
systems that link specific paper document content to
digital operations such as multimedia playback and
proofreading. Yet, it remains unclear to what degree
these systems bridge the inherent gap between paper and
computers when compared to existing paper-only and
computer-only interfaces. In particular, given the
special properties of paper, such as limited dynamic
feedback, how well does an average new user learn to
master the interactive paper system? What factors
affect the user performance? And how does the paper
interface work in a typical use scenario? To answer
these questions, we conducted two empirical experiments
on a generic pen-gesture-based command system, called
PapierCraft [Liao et al. 2008], for paper-based
interfaces. With it, people can select sections of
printed document and issue commands such as copy and
paste, linking and in-text search. The first experiment
focused on the user performance of drawing pen gestures
on paper. It proves that users can learn the command
system in about 30 minutes and achieve a performance
comparable to a table PC-based interface supporting the
same gestures. The second experiment examined the
application of the command system in active reading
tasks. The results show promise for seamless
integration of paper and computers in active reading
for their combined affordances. In addition, our study
identifies some key design issues, such as the pen form
factor and feedback of gestures. This article
contributes to better understanding on pros and cons of
paper and computers, and sheds light on the design of
future interfaces for document interaction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Koulouri:2012:WTY,
author = "Theodora Koulouri and Stanislao Lauria and Robert D.
Macredie and Sherry Chen",
title = "Are we there yet?: {The} role of gender on the
effectiveness and efficiency of user-robot
communication in navigational tasks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147787",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Many studies have identified gender differences in
communication related to spatial navigation in real and
virtual worlds. Most of this research has focused on
single-party communication (monologs), such as the way
in which individuals either give or follow route
instructions. However, very little work has been
reported on spatial navigation dialogs and whether
there are gender differences in the way that they are
conducted. This article will address the lack of
research evidence by exploring the dialogs between
partners of the same and of different gender in a
simulated Human-Robot Interaction study. In the
experiments discussed in this article, pairs of
participants communicated remotely; in each pair, one
participant (the instructor) was under the impression
that s/he was giving route instructions to a robot (the
follower), avoiding any perception of gendered
communication. To ensure the naturalness of the
interaction, the followers were given no guidelines on
what to say, however, each had to control a robot based
on the user's instructions. While many monolog-based
studies suggest male superiority in a multitude of
spatial activities and domains, this study of dialogs
highlights a more complex pattern of results. As
anticipated, gender influences task performance and
communication. However, the findings suggest that it is
the interaction-the combination of gender and role
(i.e., instructor or follower)-that has the most
significant impact. In particular, pairs of female
users/instructors and male ``robots''/followers are
associated with the fastest and most accurate
completion of the navigation tasks. Moreover,
dialog-based analysis illustrates how pairs of male
users/instructors and female ``robots''/followers
achieved successful communication through ``alignment''
of spatial descriptions. In particular, males seem to
adapt the content of their instructions when
interacting with female ``robots''/followers and employ
more landmark references compared to female
users/instructors or when addressing males (in
male-male pairings). This study describes the
differences in how males and females interact with the
system, and proposes that any female ``disadvantage''
in spatial communication can disappear through
interactive mechanisms. Such insights are important for
the design of navigation systems that are equally
effective for users of either gender.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Grigoreanu:2012:EUD,
author = "Valentina Grigoreanu and Margaret Burnett and Susan
Wiedenbeck and Jill Cao and Kyle Rector and Irwin
Kwan",
title = "End-user debugging strategies: a sensemaking
perspective",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147788",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Despite decades of research into how professional
programmers debug, only recently has work emerged about
how end-user programmers attempt to debug programs.
Without this knowledge, we cannot build tools to
adequately support their needs. This article reports
the results of a detailed qualitative empirical study
of end-user programmers' sensemaking about a
spreadsheet's correctness. Using our study's data, we
derived a sensemaking model for end-user debugging and
categorized participants' activities and verbalizations
according to this model, allowing us to investigate how
participants went about debugging. Among the results
are identification of the prevalence of information
foraging during end-user debugging, two successful
strategies for traversing the sensemaking model,
potential ties to gender differences in the literature,
sensemaking sequences leading to debugging progress,
and sequences tied with troublesome points in the
debugging process. The results also reveal new
implications for the design of spreadsheet tools to
support end-user programmers' sensemaking during
debugging.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Leong:2012:ECD,
author = "Tuck W. Leong and Frank Vetere and Steve Howard",
title = "Experiencing coincidence during digital music
listening",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147789",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "People have reported encountering coincidences when
using particular technologies to interact with personal
digital content. However, to date, there is a paucity
of research to understand these experiences. This
article applies McCarthy and Wright's [2004; 2005]
experiential framework to analyze these kinds of
technology-mediated coincidences. By focusing upon
encounters of coincidence during people's digital music
listening, we identified the elements at play,
elucidated the properties of the individual elements,
their inter-relationships, and an understanding of how
coincidences can arise. We also reveal how, under
particular conditions, such elements provide people
with opportunities to encounter coincidence. This
understanding of coincidence demonstrates how McCarthy
and Wright's [2004; 2005] framework can be usefully
applied to an empirical investigation of user
experience.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Li:2012:UCR,
author = "Ian Li and Anind K. Dey and Jodi Forlizzi",
title = "Using context to reveal factors that affect physical
activity",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147790",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "There are many physical activity awareness systems
available in today's market. These systems show
physical activity information (e.g., step counts,
energy expenditure, heart rate) which is sufficient for
many self-knowledge needs, but information about the
factors that affect physical activity may be needed for
deeper self-reflection and increased self-knowledge. We
explored the use of contextual information, such as
events, places, and people, to support reflection on
the factors that affect physical activity. We present
three findings from our studies. First, users make
associations between physical activity and contextual
information that help them become aware of factors that
affect their physical activity. Second, reflecting on
physical activity and context can increase people's
awareness of opportunities for physical activity.
Lastly, automated tracking of physical activity and
contextual information benefits long-term reflection,
but may have detrimental effects on immediate
awareness.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Tashman:2012:WLL,
author = "Craig Tashman and W. Keith Edwards",
title = "{WindowScape}: {Lessons} learned from a task-centric
window manager",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = mar,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2147783.2147791",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 5 05:53:40 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "People frequently experience difficulty switching
between computer-mediated tasks. To help address this,
we created WindowScape, a zooming window manager that
uses implicit grouping to help users sort windows
according to task. WindowScape was intended to provide
a more flexible and intuitive grouping model than prior
systems. We report on the design process leading up to
the system, and alternative designs we explored. We
describe a series of formative evaluations that
resulted in significant modifications to our initial
prototype, as well as a deployment study of the final
version, where users lived with WindowScape on a
day-to-day basis. Our results from this study reveal
how users react to novel aspects of our system,
including its particular uses of miniaturization and
its approach to grouping. We also discuss the impact of
a task-oriented approach to window management on other
aspects of user behavior, and the implications of this
for future system design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Cohen:2012:DCM,
author = "Mark A. Cohen and Frank E. Ritter and Steven R.
Haynes",
title = "Dimensions of Concern: a Method to Use Cognitive
Dimensions to Evaluate Interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240157",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Producing useful and usable software often requires
continuous and iterative evaluation. This paper
introduces a novel usability evaluation method based on
the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework. The
target of our evaluation is Herbal a suite of tools
designed to simplify agent development by providing a
high-level language and maintenance-oriented
development environment. The method introduced here
uncovers dimensions of concern, which are used to
measure the usability of Herbal and to identify areas
for improvement in the design. In this article, we
demonstrate how we used dimensions of concern to
effectively evaluate and improve usability, and we
discuss ways in which our method can be adapted,
extended, and applied to improving the usability of
other interactive systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Cerrolaza:2012:SPM,
author = "Juan J. Cerrolaza and Arantxa Villanueva and Rafael
Cabeza",
title = "Study of Polynomial Mapping Functions in
Video-Oculography Eye Trackers",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240158",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Gaze-tracking data have been used successfully in the
design of new input devices and as an observational
technique in usability studies. Polynomial-based
Video-Oculography (VOG) systems are one of the most
attractive gaze estimation methods thanks to their
simplicity and ease of implementation. Although the
functionality of these systems is generally acceptable,
there has been no thorough comparative study to date of
how the mapping equations affect the final system
response. After developing a taxonomic classification
of calibration functions, we examined over 400,000
models and evaluated the validity of several
conventional assumptions. Our rigorous experimental
procedure enabled us to optimize the calibration
process for a real VOG gaze-tracking system and halve
the calibration time while avoiding a detrimental
effect on the accuracy or tolerance to head movement.
Finally, a geometry-based method is implemented and
tested. The results and performance is compared with
those obtained by the general purpose expressions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{vanSchaik:2012:UEI,
author = "Paul van Schaik and Marc Hassenzahl and Jonathan
Ling",
title = "User-Experience from an Inference Perspective",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240159",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In many situations, people make judgments on the basis
of incomplete information, inferring unavailable
attributes from available ones. These inference
processes may also well operate when judgments about a
product's user-experience are made. To examine this, an
inference model of user-experience, based on Hassenzahl
and Monk's [2010], was explored in three studies using
Web sites. All studies supported the model's
predictions and its stability, with hands-on
experience, different products, and different usage
modes (action mode versus goal mode). Within a unified
framework of judgment as inference [Kruglanski et al.
2007], our approach allows for the integration of the
effects of a wide range of information sources on
judgments of user-experience.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Xu:2012:MEU,
author = "Lingling Xu and Julian Lin and Hock Chuan Chan",
title = "The Moderating Effects of Utilitarian and Hedonic
Values on Information Technology Continuance",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240160",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This study examines how the nature of technology
affects users' intention to continue using information
technologies. It proposes an extended technology
acceptance model, with perceived ease of use, perceived
usefulness and pleasure affecting the intention to
continue using a technology. We hypothesized that these
effects are moderated by the technology's utilitarian
and hedonic values. The model was validated for
smartphone functions. A user survey showed that
perceived ease of use significantly affected the
intention to continue using only for high-utilitarian
functions, whereas pleasure affected the intention to
continue using only for high-hedonic functions. The
effect of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness
was stronger for high-utilitarian than for
low-utilitarian functions. The effect of pleasure on
perceived usefulness was stronger for high-hedonic than
for low-hedonic functions. The results suggest that
marketing should consider the nature of the
functions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Sarcevic:2012:TET,
author = "Aleksandra Sarcevic and Ivan Marsic and Randal S.
Burd",
title = "Teamwork Errors in Trauma Resuscitation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240161",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Human errors in trauma resuscitation can have
cascading effects leading to poor patient outcomes. To
determine the nature of teamwork errors, we conducted
an observational study in a trauma center over a
two-year period. While eventually successful in
treating the patients, trauma teams had problems
tracking and integrating information in a longitudinal
trajectory, which resulted in inefficiencies and
near-miss errors. As an initial step in system design
to support trauma teams, we proposed a model of
teamwork and a novel classification of team errors.
Four types of team errors emerged from our analysis:
communication errors, vigilance errors, interpretation
errors, and management errors. Based on these findings,
we identified key information structures to support
team cognition and decision making. We believe that
displaying these information structures will support
distributed cognition of trauma teams. Our findings
have broader applicability to other collaborative and
dynamic work settings that are prone to human error.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Jeon:2012:SSI,
author = "Myounghoon Jeon and Bruce N. Walker and Abhishek
Srivastava",
title = "{``Spindex'' (Speech Index)} Enhances Menus on Touch
Screen Devices with Tapping, Wheeling, and Flicking",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240162",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Users interact with many electronic devices via menus
such as auditory or visual menus. Auditory menus can
either complement or replace visual menus. We
investigated how advanced auditory cues enhance
auditory menus on a smartphone, with tapping, wheeling,
and flicking input gestures. The study evaluated a
spindex (speech index), in which audio cues inform
users where they are in a menu; 122 undergraduates
navigated through a menu of 150 songs. Study variables
included auditory cue type (text-to-speech alone or TTS
plus spindex), visual display mode (on or off), and
input gesture (tapping, wheeling, or flicking). Target
search time and subjective workload were lower with
spindex than without for all input gestures regardless
of visual display mode. The spindex condition was rated
subjectively higher than plain speech. The effects of
input method and display mode on navigation behaviors
were analyzed with the two-stage navigation strategy
model. Results are discussed in relation to attention
theories and in terms of practical applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Black:2012:SPN,
author = "Rolf Black and Annalu Waller and Ross Turner and Ehud
Reiter",
title = "Supporting Personal Narrative for Children with
Complex Communication Needs",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240163",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Children with complex communication needs who use
voice output communication aids seldom engage in
extended conversation. The ``How was School today
\ldots{}?'' system has been designed to enable such
children to talk about their school day. The system
uses data-to-text technology to generate narratives
from sensor data. Observations, interviews and
prototyping were used to ensure that stakeholders were
involved in the design of the system. Evaluations with
three children showed that the prototype system, which
automatically generates utterances, has the potential
to support disabled individuals to participate better
in interactive conversation. Analysis of a
conversational transcript and observations indicate
that the children were able to access relevant
conversation and had more control in the conversation
in comparison to their usual interactions where control
lay mainly with the speaking partner. Further research
to develop an improved, more rugged system that
supports users with different levels of language
ability is now underway.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Akers:2012:BEI,
author = "David Akers and Robin Jeffries and Matthew Simpson and
Terry Winograd",
title = "Backtracking Events as Indicators of Usability
Problems in Creation-Oriented Applications",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = jul,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240156.2240164",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Aug 6 13:36:58 MDT 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A diversity of user goals and strategies make
creation-oriented applications such as word processors
or photo-editors difficult to comprehensively test.
Evaluating such applications requires testing a large
pool of participants to capture the diversity of
experience, but traditional usability testing can be
prohibitively expensive. To address this problem, this
article contributes a new usability evaluation method
called backtracking analysis, designed to automate the
process of detecting and characterizing usability
problems in creation-oriented applications. The key
insight is that interaction breakdowns in
creation-oriented applications often manifest
themselves in backtracking operations that can be
automatically logged (e.g., undo and erase operations).
Backtracking analysis synchronizes these events to
contextual data such as screen capture video, helping
the evaluator to characterize specific usability
problems. The results from three experiments
demonstrate that backtracking events can be effective
indicators of usability problems in creation-oriented
applications, and can yield a cost-effective
alternative to traditional laboratory usability
testing.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Arthur:2012:WBC,
author = "Richard Arthur and Dan R. {Olsen, Jr.}",
title = "Window brokers: Collaborative display space control",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362365",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "As users travel from place to place, they can
encounter display servers, that is, machines which
supply a collaborative content-sharing environment.
Users need a way to control how content is arranged on
these display spaces. The software for controlling
these display spaces should be consistent from display
server to display server. However, display servers
could be controlled by institutions which may not allow
for the control software to be installed. This article
introduces the window broker protocol which allows
users to carry familiar control techniques on portable
personal devices and use the control technique on any
display server without installing the control software
on the display server. This article also discusses how
the window broker protocol mitigates some security
risks that arise from potentially malicious display
servers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Chen:2012:DMS,
author = "Nicholas Chen and Francois Guimbretiere and Abigail
Sellen",
title = "Designing a multi-slate reading environment to support
active reading activities",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362366",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Despite predictions of the paperless office, most
knowledge workers and students still rely heavily on
paper in most of their document practices. Research has
shown that paper's dominance can be attributed to the
fact that it supports a broad range of these users'
diverse reading requirements. Our analysis of the
literature suggests that a new class of reading device
consisting of an interconnected environment of thin and
lightweight electronic slates could potentially unify
the distinct advantages of e-books, PCs, and tabletop
computers to offer an electronic reading solution
providing functionality comparable to, or even
exceeding, that of paper. This article presents the
design and construction of such a system. In it, we
explain how data can be mapped to slates, detail
interactions for linking the slates, and describe tools
that leverage the connectivity between slates. A
preliminary study of the system indicates that such a
system has the potential of being an electronic
alternative to paper.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Chuang:2012:CUW,
author = "Jason Chuang and Christopher D. Manning and Jeffrey
Heer",
title = "``Without the clutter of unimportant words'':
Descriptive keyphrases for text visualization",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362367",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Keyphrases aid the exploration of text collections by
communicating salient aspects of documents and are
often used to create effective visualizations of text.
While prior work in HCI and visualization has proposed
a variety of ways of presenting keyphrases, less
attention has been paid to selecting the best
descriptive terms. In this article, we investigate the
statistical and linguistic properties of keyphrases
chosen by human judges and determine which features are
most predictive of high-quality descriptive phrases.
Based on 5,611 responses from 69 graduate students
describing a corpus of dissertation abstracts, we
analyze characteristics of human-generated keyphrases,
including phrase length, commonness, position, and part
of speech. Next, we systematically assess the
contribution of each feature within statistical models
of keyphrase quality. We then introduce a method for
grouping similar terms and varying the specificity of
displayed phrases so that applications can select
phrases dynamically based on the available screen space
and current context of interaction. Precision-recall
measures find that our technique generates keyphrases
that match those selected by human judges. Crowdsourced
ratings of tag cloud visualizations rank our approach
above other automatic techniques. Finally, we discuss
the role of HCI methods in developing new algorithmic
techniques suitable for user-facing applications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{DAlbis:2012:PSC,
author = "Tiziano D'Albis and Rossella Blatt and Roberto Tedesco
and Licia Sbattella and Matteo Matteucci",
title = "A predictive speller controlled by a brain-computer
interface based on motor imagery",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362368",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spell.bib;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Persons suffering from motor disorders have limited
possibilities for communicating and normally require
assistive technologies to fulfill this primary need.
Promising means of providing basic communication
abilities to subjects affected by severe motor
impairments include brain-computer interfaces (BCIs),
that is, systems that directly translate brain signals
into device commands, bypassing any muscle or nerve
mediation. To date, the use of BCIs for effective
verbal communication is yet an open issue, primarily
due to the low rates of information transfer that can
be achieved with this technology. Still, performance of
BCI spelling applications could be considerably
improved by a smart user interface design and by the
adoption of natural language processing (NLP)
techniques for text prediction. The objective of this
work is to suggest an approach and a user interface for
BCI spelling applications combining state-of-the-art
BCI and NLP techniques to maximize the overall
communication rate of the system. The BCI paradigm
adopted is motor imagery, that is, when the subject
imagines moving a certain part of the body, he/she
produces modifications to specific brain rhythms that
are detected in real-time through an
electroencephalogram and translated into commands for a
spelling application. By maximizing the overall
communication rate, our approach is twofold: on one
hand, we maximize the information transfer rate from
the control signal, on the other hand, we optimize the
way this information is employed for the purpose of
verbal communication. The achieved results are
satisfactory and comparable with the latest works
reported in literature on motor-imagery BCI spellers.
For the three subjects tested, we obtained a spelling
rate of respectively 3 char/min, 2.7 char/min, and 2
char/min.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Buechley:2012:CTR,
author = "Leah Buechley and Hannah Perner-Wilson",
title = "Crafting technology: Reimagining the processes,
materials, and cultures of electronics",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362369",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This article examines the practice of electronics
building in the context of other crafts. We compare the
experience of making electronics with the experiences
of carving, sewing, and painting. Our investigation is
grounded in a survey of 40 practicing craftspeople who
are working in each of these disciplines. We then use
this survey as a foundation for a discussion of hybrid
craft-integrations of electronics with carving, sewing,
and painting. We present examples of hybrid craft and
discuss the ways in which blended practices can enrich
and diversify technology.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Oviatt:2012:IIA,
author = "Sharon Oviatt and Adrienne Cohen and Andrea Miller and
Kumi Hodge and Ariana Mann",
title = "The impact of interface affordances on human ideation,
problem solving, and inferential reasoning",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "22:1--22:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362370",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This article presents two studies investigating how
computer interface affordances influence basic
cognition, including ideational fluency, problem
solving, and inferential reasoning. In one study
comparing interfaces with different input capabilities,
students expressed 56\% more nonlinguistic
representations (diagrams, symbols, numbers) when using
pen interfaces. A linear regression confirmed that
nonlinguistic communication directly mediated a
substantial increase (38.5\%) in students' ability to
produce appropriate science ideas. In contrast,
students expressed 41\% more linguistic content when
using a keyboard-based interface, which mediated a drop
in science ideation. A follow-up study pursued the
question of how interfaces that prime nonlinguistic
communication so effectively facilitate cognition. This
study examined the relation between students'
expression of nonlinguistic representations and their
inference accuracy when using analogous digital and
non-digital pen tools. Perhaps surprisingly, the
digital pen interface stimulated construction of more
diagrams, more correct Venn diagrams, and more accurate
domain inferences. Students' construction of multiple
diagrams to represent a problem also directly
suppressed overgeneralization errors, which were the
most common inference failure. These research results
reveal that computer interfaces have communications
affordances which elicit communication patterns that
can substantially stimulate or impede basic cognition.
Implications are discussed for designing new digital
tools for thinking, with an emphasis on nonlinguistic
and especially spatial representations that are most
poorly supported by current keyboard-based
interfaces.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hook:2012:SCI,
author = "Kristina H{\"o}{\"o}k and Jonas L{\"o}wgren",
title = "Strong concepts: Intermediate-level knowledge in
interaction design research",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "23:1--23:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362371",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Design-oriented research practices create
opportunities for constructing knowledge that is more
abstracted than particular instances, without aspiring
to be at the scope of generalized theories. We propose
an intermediate design knowledge form that we name
strong concepts that has the following properties: is
generative and carries a core design idea, cutting
across particular use situations and even application
domains; concerned with interactive behavior, not
static appearance; is a design element and a part of an
artifact and, at the same time, speaks of a use
practice and behavior over time; and finally, resides
on an abstraction level above particular instances. We
present two strong concepts-social navigation and
seamfulness-and discuss how they fulfil criteria we
might have on knowledge, such as being contestable,
defensible, and substantive. Our aim is to foster an
academic culture of discursive knowledge construction
of intermediate-level knowledge and of how it can be
produced and assessed in design-oriented HCI
research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Zancanaro:2012:CNC,
author = "Massimo Zancanaro and Oliviero Stock and Zvi
Eisikovits and Chaya Koren and Patrice L. Weiss",
title = "Co-narrating a conflict: an interactive tabletop to
facilitate attitudinal shifts",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "24:1--24:??",
month = oct,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362364.2362372",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Mon Nov 5 18:10:11 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A multi-user tabletop interface was designed to
support reconciliation of a conflict aimed at shifting
hostile attitudes and achieving a greater understanding
of another viewpoint. The interface provided a setting
for face-to-face shared narration and support for the
management of disagreements. The interface allows for
escalation and de-escalation of the conflict emerging
in the shared narration and requires that participants
perform joint actions when a contribution to the story
is to be removed from the overall narration. A
between-subjects experiment compared the tabletop
interface and a desktop multimedia interface with mixed
pairs (male Israeli-Jewish and Palestinian-Arab youth).
The results demonstrated that the experience with the
tabletop interface appears to be motivating and, most
importantly, produces at least a short-term shift of
attitude toward the other.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "24",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Schnadelbach:2012:EPD,
author = "Holger Schn{\"a}delbach and Ainojie Irune and David
Kirk and Kevin Glover and Patrick Brundell",
title = "{ExoBuilding}: Physiologically Driven Adaptive
Architecture",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "25:1--25:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395132",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Our surroundings are becoming infused with sensors
measuring a variety of data streams about the
environment, people and objects. Such data can be used
to make the spaces that we inhabit responsive and
interactive. Personal data in its different forms are
one important data stream that such spaces are designed
to respond to. In turn, one stream of personal data
currently attracting high levels of interest in the HCI
community is physiological data (e.g., heart rate,
electrodermal activity), but this has seen little
consideration in building architecture or the design of
responsive environments. In this context, we developed
a prototype mapping a single occupant's respiration to
its size and form, while it also sonifies their
heartbeat. The result is a breathing building
prototype, formative trials of which suggested that it
triggers behavioral and physiological adaptations in
inhabitants without giving them instructions and it is
perceived as a relaxing experience. In this paper, we
present and discuss the results of a controlled study
of this prototype, comparing three conditions: the
static prototype, regular movement and sonification and
a biofeedback condition, where the occupant's
physiological data directly drives the prototype and
presents this data back to them. The study confirmed
that the biofeedback condition does indeed trigger
behavioral changes and changes in participants'
physiology, resulting in lower respiration rates as
well as higher respiration amplitudes, respiration to
heart rate coherence and lower frequency heart rate
variability. Self-reported state of relaxation is more
dependent on inhabitant preferences, their knowledge of
physiological data and whether they found space to `let
go'. We conclude with a discussion of ExoBuilding as an
immersive but also sharable biofeedback training
interface and the wider potential of this approach to
making buildings adapt to their inhabitants.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "25",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hundhausen:2012:ESP,
author = "C. D. Hundhausen and D. Fairbrother and M. Petre",
title = "An Empirical Study of the ``Prototype Walkthrough'': a
Studio-Based Activity for {HCI} Education",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "26:1--26:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395133",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "For over a century, studio-based instruction has
served as an effective pedagogical model in
architecture and fine arts education. Because of its
design orientation, human-computer interaction (HCI)
education is an excellent venue for studio-based
instruction. In an HCI course, we have been exploring a
studio-based learning activity called the prototype
walkthrough, in which a student project team simulates
its evolving user interface prototype while a student
audience member acts as a test user. The audience is
encouraged to ask questions and provide feedback. We
have observed that prototype walkthroughs create
excellent conditions for learning about user interface
design. In order to better understand the educational
value of the activity, we performed a content analysis
of a video corpus of 16 prototype walkthroughs held in
two HCI courses. We found that the prototype
walkthrough discussions were dominated by relevant
design issues. Moreover, mirroring the justification
behavior of the expert instructor, students justified
over 80 percent of their design statements and
critiques, with nearly one-quarter of those
justifications having a theoretical or empirical basis.
Our findings suggest that PWs provide valuable
opportunities for students to actively learn HCI design
by participating in authentic practice, and provide
insight into how such opportunities can be best
promoted.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "26",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Brown:2012:BRL,
author = "Barry Brown",
title = "Beyond Recommendations: Local Review {Web} Sites and
Their Impact",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "27:1--27:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395134",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Online review Web sites have enabled new interactions
between companies and their customers. In this article
we draw on interviews with users, reviewers, and
establishments to explore how local review Web sites
can change interactions around local places. Review Web
sites such as Yelp and Tripadvisor allow customers to
``previsit'' establishments and areas of a city before
an actual visit. The collection of a large numbers of
user-generated reviews has also created a new genre of
writing, with reviewers gaining considerable pleasure
from passing on word of mouth and influencing others'
choices. Reviews also offer a new channel of
communication between establishments, customers, and
competitors. We discuss how review Web sites can be
designed to cater for a broader range of interactions
around reviews beyond a focus on recommendations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "27",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Shoemaker:2012:TPM,
author = "Garth Shoemaker and Takayuki Tsukitani and Yoshifumi
Kitamura and Kellogg S. Booth",
title = "Two-Part Models Capture the Impact of Gain on Pointing
Performance",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "28:1--28:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395135",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We establish that two-part models of pointing
performance (Welford's model) describe pointing on a
computer display significantly better than traditional
one-part models (Fitts's Law). We explore the space of
pointing models and describe how independent
contributions of movement amplitude and target width to
pointing time can be captured in a parameter k. Through
a reanalysis of data from related work we demonstrate
that one-part formulations are fragile in describing
pointing performance, and that this fragility is
present for various devices and techniques. We show
that this same data can be significantly better
described using two-part models. Finally, we
demonstrate through further analysis of previous work
and new experimental data that k increases linearly
with gain. Our primary contribution is the
demonstration that Fitts's Law is more limited in
applicability than previously appreciated, and that
more robust models, such as Welford's formulation,
should be adopted in many cases of practical
interest.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "28",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ardito:2012:EAP,
author = "Carmelo Ardito and Maria F. Costabile and Antonella
{De Angeli} and Rosa Lanzilotti",
title = "Enriching Archaeological Parks with Contextual Sounds
and Mobile Technology",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "29:1--29:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395136",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The importance of cultural heritage in forging a sense
of identity is becoming increasingly evident.
Information and communication technologies have a great
potential to promote a greater awareness and
appreciation of cultural heritage. This article
presents some findings on how mobile technology can be
used to foster a better understanding of an
archaeological site by reconstructing the ancient
environment and life. Children aged 11--13 years old
are the target of our research. To motivate and engage
them, a pervasive educational game has been developed
and implemented in Explore!, a system aimed at
supporting children exploring sites of cultural
interest. Special attention has been devoted to the
design of a soundscape that may improve players'
navigation in degraded physical environments and enrich
their overall experience. A field study indicated that
children judged their experience both useful and
entertaining: not only did they enjoy playing the game,
but they also learned historical notions and facts
related to ancient Roman life. Contextual sounds were
found to have a facilitating effect on space
navigation, reducing the need for map reading and
improving spatial orientation. This work provides
insights into the design of educational games for use
with cultural heritage and a model to enrich historical
sites through the creation of soundscapes which can
help visitors to navigate a site and feel its
historical atmosphere.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "29",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hassenzahl:2012:AYN,
author = "Marc Hassenzahl and Stephanie Heidecker and Kai
Eckoldt and Sarah Diefenbach and Uwe Hillmann",
title = "All You Need is Love: Current Strategies of Mediating
Intimate Relationships through Technology",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "30:1--30:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395137",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A wealth of evidence suggests that love, closeness,
and intimacy---in short relatedness---are important for
people's psychological well-being. Nowadays, however,
couples are often forced to live apart. Accordingly,
there has been a growing and flourishing interest in
designing technologies that mediate (and create) a
feeling of relatedness when being separated, beyond the
explicit verbal communication and simple emoticons
available technologies offer. This article provides a
review of 143 published artifacts (i.e., design
concepts, technologies). Based on this, we present six
strategies used by designers/researchers to create a
relatedness experience: Awareness, expressivity,
physicalness, gift giving, joint action, and memories.
We understand those strategies as starting points for
the experience-oriented design of technology.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "30",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Gao:2012:WDT,
author = "Yuan Gao and Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze and Hongying
Meng",
title = "What Does Touch Tell Us about Emotions in
Touchscreen-Based Gameplay?",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "31:1--31:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395138",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The increasing number of people playing games on
touch-screen mobile phones raises the question of
whether touch behaviors reflect players' emotional
states. This prospect would not only be a valuable
evaluation indicator for game designers, but also for
real-time personalization of the game experience.
Psychology studies on acted touch behavior show the
existence of discriminative affective profiles. In this
article, finger-stroke features during gameplay on an
iPod were extracted and their discriminative power
analyzed. Machine learning algorithms were used to
build systems for automatically discriminating between
four emotional states (Excited, Relaxed, Frustrated,
Bored), two levels of arousal and two levels of
valence. Accuracy reached between 69\% and 77\% for the
four emotional states, and higher results
($\approx$89\%) were obtained for discriminating
between two levels of arousal and two levels of
valence. We conclude by discussing the factors relevant
to the generalization of the results to applications
other than games.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "31",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Berkovsky:2012:PAM,
author = "Shlomo Berkovsky and Jill Freyne and Mac Coombe",
title = "Physical Activity Motivating Games: Be Active and Get
Your Own Reward",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "32:1--32:??",
month = dec,
year = "2012",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2395131.2395139",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 10 17:35:24 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "People's daily lives have become increasingly
sedentary, with extended periods of time being spent in
front of a host of electronic screens for learning,
work, and entertainment. We present research into the
use of an adaptive persuasive technology, which
introduces bursts of physical activity into a
traditionally sedentary activity: computer game
playing. Our game design approach leverages the
playfulness and addictive nature of computer games to
motivate players to engage in mild physical activity.
The design allows players to gain virtual in-game
rewards in return for performing real physical activity
captured by sensory devices. This article presents a
two-stage analysis of the activity-motivating game
design approach applied to a prototype game. Initially,
we detail the overall acceptance of active games
discovered when trialing the technology with 135 young
players. Results showed that players performed more
activity without negatively affecting their perceived
enjoyment of the playing experience. The analysis did
discover, however, a lack of balance between the
amounts of physical activity carried out by players
with various gaming skills, which prompted a subsequent
investigation into adaptive techniques for balancing
the amount of physical activity performed by players.
An evaluation of additional 90 players showed that
adaptive techniques successfully overcame the gaming
skills dependence and achieved more balanced activity
levels. Overall, this work positions
activity-motivating games as an approach that can
potentially change the way players interact with
computer games and lead to healthier lifestyles.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "32",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Marshall:2013:ISI,
author = "Paul Marshall and Alissa Antle and Elise {Van Den
Hoven} and Yvonne Rogers",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on the theory and
practice of embodied interaction in {HCI} and
interaction design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Dourish:2013:EWA,
author = "Paul Dourish",
title = "Epilogue: Where the action was, wasn't, should have
been, and might yet be",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kirsh:2013:ECM,
author = "David Kirsh",
title = "Embodied cognition and the magical future of
interaction design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The theory of embodied cognition can provide HCI
practitioners and theorists with new ideas about
interaction and new principles for better designs. I
support this claim with four ideas about cognition: (1)
interacting with tools changes the way we think and
perceive --- tools, when manipulated, are soon absorbed
into the body schema, and this absorption leads to
fundamental changes in the way we perceive and conceive
of our environments; (2) we think with our bodies not
just with our brains; (3) we know more by doing than by
seeing --- there are times when physically performing
an activity is better than watching someone else
perform the activity, even though our motor resonance
system fires strongly during other person observation;
(4) there are times when we literally think with
things. These four ideas have major implications for
interaction design, especially the design of tangible,
physical, context aware, and telepresence systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Quek:2013:EBS,
author = "Francis Quek and Francisco Oliveira",
title = "Enabling the blind to see gestures",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Human discourse is an embodied activity emerging from
the embodied imagery and construction of our talk.
Gesture and speech are coexpressive, conveying this
imagery and meaning simultaneously. Mathematics
instruction and discourse typically involve two modes
of communication: speech and graphical presentation.
Our goal is to assist Individuals who are Blind or
Severely Visually Impaired (IBSVI) to access such
instruction/communication. We employ a haptic glove
interface to furnish the IBSVI with awareness of the
deictic gestures performed by the instructor over the
graphic in conjunction with speech. We present a series
of studies spanning two years where we show how our
Haptic Deictic System (HDS) can support learning in
inclusive classrooms where IBSVI receive instruction
alongside sighted students. We discuss how the
introduction of the HDS was advantageous to all
parties: IBSVI, instructor, and sighted students. The
HDS created more learning opportunities, increasing
mutual understanding and promoting greater
engagement.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ohara:2013:NTP,
author = "Kenton O'Hara and Richard Harper and Helena Mentis and
Abigail Sellen and Alex Taylor",
title = "On the naturalness of touchless: Putting the
``interaction'' back into {NUI}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Luff:2013:EIA,
author = "Paul Luff and Marina Jirotka and Naomi Yamashita and
Hideaki Kuzuoka and Christian Heath and Grace Eden",
title = "Embedded interaction: The accomplishment of actions in
everyday and video-mediated environments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A concern with ``embodied action'' has informed both
the analysis of everyday action through technologies
and also suggested ways of designing innovative
systems. In this article, we consider how these two
programs, the analysis of everyday embodied interaction
on the one hand, and the analysis of
technically-mediated embodied interaction on the other,
are interlinked. We draw on studies of everyday
interaction to reveal how embodied conduct is embedded
in the environment. We then consider a collaborative
technology that attempts to provide a coherent way of
presenting life-sized embodiments of participants
alongside particular features of the environment. These
analyses suggest that conceptions of embodied action
should take account of the interactional accomplishment
of activities and how these are embedded in the
material environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Loke:2013:MMS,
author = "Lian Loke and Toni Robertson",
title = "Moving and making strange: an embodied approach to
movement-based interaction design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "There is growing interest in designing for
movement-based interactions with technology, now that
various sensing technologies are available enabling a
range of movement possibilities from gestural to
whole-body interactions. We present a design
methodology of Moving and Making Strange, an approach
to movement-based interaction design that recognizes
the central role of the body and movement in lived
cognition. The methodology was developed through a
series of empirical projects, each focusing on
different conceptions of movement available within
motion-sensing interactive, immersive spaces. The
methodology offers designers a set of principles,
perspectives, methods, and tools for exploring and
testing movement-related design concepts. It is
innovative for the inclusion of the perspective of the
mover, together with the traditional perspectives of
the observer and the machine. Making strange is put
forward as an important tactic for rethinking how to
approach the design of movement-based interaction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Svanaes:2013:IDL,
author = "Dag Svan{\ae}s",
title = "Interaction design for and with the lived body: Some
implications of {Merleau-Ponty}'s phenomenology",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = mar,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Apr 5 18:46:54 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In 2001, Paul Dourish proposed the term embodied
interaction to describe a new paradigm for interaction
design that focuses on the physical, bodily, and social
aspects of our interaction with digital technology.
Dourish used Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of
perception as the theoretical basis for his discussion
of the bodily nature of embodied interaction. This
article extends Dourish's work to introduce the
human-computer interaction community to ideas related
to Merleau-Ponty's concept of the lived body. It also
provides a detailed analysis of two related topics: (1)
embodied perception: the active and embodied nature of
perception, including the body's ability to extent its
sensory apparatus through digital technology; and (2)
kinaesthetic creativity: the body's ability to relate
in a direct and creative fashion with the ``feel''
dimension of interactive products during the design
process.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Jay:2013:PWU,
author = "Caroline Jay and Andy Brown and Simon Harper",
title = "Predicting whether users view dynamic content on the
{World Wide Web}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = may,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed May 22 16:55:50 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Dynamic micro-content-interactive or updating widgets
and features-is now widely used on the Web, but there
is little understanding of how people allocate
attention to it. In this article we present the results
of an eye-tracking investigation examining how the
nature of dynamic micro-content influences whether or
not the user views it. We propose and validate the
Dynamic Update Viewing-likelihood (DUV) model, a
CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID)
model that predicts with around 80\% accuracy whether
users view dynamic updates as a function of how they
are initiated, their size, and their duration. The
model is constructed with data from live Web sites and
does not rely on knowledge of the user's task to make
its predictions, giving it a high level of external
validity. We discuss one example of its application:
informing how dynamic content should be presented in
audio via assistive technology for people with visual
impairments.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{DeOliveira:2013:IPS,
author = "Rodrigo {De Oliveira} and Mauro Cherubini and Nuria
Oliver",
title = "Influence of personality on satisfaction with mobile
phone services",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = may,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed May 22 16:55:50 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We propose a conceptual model that explains the
relationship between the users' personality profile and
their satisfaction with basic mobile phone services
(calls, messages, and simple GPRS/3G services). The
model captures direct and indirect effects on
satisfaction by means of two variables: actual mobile
phone usage and perceived usability of the related
services. We empirically validate the model with data
gathered from 603 customers of a telecommunication
operator, and find that: (1) extroversion,
conscientiousness, and intellect have a significant
impact on customer satisfaction-positively for the
first two traits and negatively for the latter; (2)
extroversion positively influences mobile phone usage;
and (3) extroversion and conscientiousness positively
influence the users' perceived usability of mobile
services. Interestingly, usability has the strongest
positive impact on satisfaction, whereas mobile phone
usage has a negative impact on satisfaction. We discuss
key findings of this model and propose several
implications for the design of mobile phone services.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ganglbauer:2013:NFW,
author = "Eva Ganglbauer and Geraldine Fitzpatrick and Rob
Comber",
title = "Negotiating food waste: Using a practice lens to
inform design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = may,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed May 22 16:55:50 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Ecological sustainability is becoming of increasing
concern to the HCI community, though little focus has
been given yet to issues around food waste. Given the
environmental impact of food waste, there is potential
to make a significant difference. To understand
everyday domestic practices around food and waste, we
took a ``practice'' lens and carried out a study in 14
households that involved interviews, in-home tours and,
in five of the households, a FridgeCam technology
probe. The analysis highlights that food waste is the
unintended result of multiple moments of consumption
dispersed in space and time across other integrated
practices such as shopping and cooking, which are
themselves embedded in broader contextual factors and
values. We highlight the importance of respecting the
complex negotiations that people make within given
structural conditions and competing values and
practices, and suggest design strategies to support
dispersed as well as integrated food practices, rather
than focusing on waste itself.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Schwartz:2013:UPM,
author = "Tobias Schwartz and Gunnar Stevens and Leonardo
Ramirez and Volker Wulf",
title = "Uncovering practices of making energy consumption
accountable: a phenomenological inquiry",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = may,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed May 22 16:55:50 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Reacting to the discussion on global warming, the HCI
community has started to explore the design of tools to
support responsible energy consumption. An important
part of this research focuses on motivating energy
savings by providing feedback tools which present
consumption metrics interactively. In this line of
work, the configuration of feedback has been mainly
discussed using cognitive or behavioral factors. This
narrow focus, however, misses a highly relevant
perspective for the design of technology that supports
sustainable lifestyles: to investigate the multiplicity
of forms in which individuals or collectives actually
consume energy. In this article, we broaden this focus,
by taking a phenomenological lens to study how people
use off-the-shelf eco-feedback systems in private
households to make energy consumption accountable and
explainable. By reconstructing accounting practices, we
delineate several constitutive elements of the
phenomenon of energy usage in daily life. We complement
these elements with a description of the sophisticated
methods used by people to organize their energy
practices and to give a meaning to their energy
consumption. We describe these elements and methods,
providing examples coming from the fieldwork and
uncovering observed strategies to account for
consumption. Based on our results, we provide a
critical perspective on existing eco-feedback
mechanisms and describe several elements for a design
rationale for designing support for responsible energy
consumption. We argue that interactive feedback systems
should not simply be an end, but rather a resource for
the construction of the artful practice of making
energy consumption accountable.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Crabtree:2013:ISI,
author = "Andy Crabtree and Alan Chamberlain and Rebecca E.
Grinter and Matt Jones and Tom Rodden and Yvonne
Rogers",
title = "Introduction to the Special Issue of {``The Turn to The
Wild''}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = jul,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491500.2491501",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 07:29:12 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Benford:2013:PLR,
author = "Steve Benford and Chris Greenhalgh and Andy Crabtree
and Martin Flintham and Brendan Walker and Joe Marshall
and Boriana Koleva and Stefan Rennick Egglestone and
Gabriella Giannachi and Matt Adams and Nick Tandavanitj
and Ju Row Farr",
title = "Performance-Led Research in the Wild",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = jul,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491500.2491502",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 07:29:12 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We explore the approach of performance-led research in
the wild in which artists drive the creation of novel
performances with the support of HCI researchers that
are then deployed and studied at public performance in
cultural settings such as galleries, festivals and on
the city streets. We motivate the approach and then
describe how it consists of three distinct activities
--- practice, studies and theory --- that are
interleaved in complex ways through nine different
relationships. We present a historical account of how
the approach has evolved over a fifteen-year period,
charting the evolution of a complex web of projects,
papers, and relationships between them. We articulate
the challenges of pursuing each activity as well as
overarching challenges of balancing artistic and
research interests, flexible management of
relationships, and finally ethics.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Adams:2013:CTB,
author = "Anne Adams and Elizabeth Fitzgerald and Gary
Priestnall",
title = "Of Catwalk Technologies and Boundary Creatures",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = jul,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491500.2491503",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 07:29:12 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Researchers designing and deploying technologies in
the wild can find it difficult to balance pure
innovation with scalable solutions. Tensions often
relate to expectations around current and future roles
of the technology development. We propose a catwalk
technology metaphor where researchers as boundary
creatures focus on innovation whilst providing links to
pr{\^e}t-{\`a}-porter (ready to wear) developments.
Evidence from 140 participants, within three
``in-the-wild'' field-based learning case studies (for
mobile, distributed, sensor and augmented reality
systems), conceptualise the researchers' ``boundary
creature'' role in managing design process tensions.
Stakeholders, including participants, expected the
research projects to produce ready to wear
(pr{\^e}t-{\`a}-porter) boundary objects for current
practices even when researchers sought to take catwalk
approaches by innovating technologies and changing
practices. The researcher design role (RDR) model
articulates researchers' narratives with the design
team, stakeholders and users around what is innovated
(e.g., technology, activities) and how the intervention
changes or sustains current practices.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Carroll:2013:WHN,
author = "John M. Carroll and Mary Beth Rosson",
title = "Wild at Home: The Neighborhood as a Living
Laboratory for {HCI}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = jul,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491500.2491504",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 07:29:12 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "HCI can ``turn to the wild'' but still stay home.
Local community life presents a rich context for
understanding challenges and possibilities of
information technology. We summarize and reflect upon a
program of participatory design research in which we
facilitated activities and experiences of our neighbors
through developing a series of community-oriented
programs and information systems through the past two
decades. We organize these reflections around five
overlapping themes: visibility of community actors,
creation of community information infrastructures, the
role of place-based identity and activity in community,
the effectiveness of participatory relationships, and
the research designs and methods appropriate. We frame
these reflections around a conceptual model of
community, and the suggestion that the local community
can be a living laboratory for HCI in the wild.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Memarovic:2013:PLL,
author = "Nemanja Memarovic and Marc Langheinrich and Keith
Cheverst and Nick Taylor and Florian Alt",
title = "{P-LAYERS} --- a Layered Framework Addressing the
Multifaceted Issues Facing Community-Supporting Public
Display Deployments",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = jul,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491500.2491505",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 07:29:12 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The proliferation of digital signage systems has
prompted a wealth of research that attempts to use
public displays for more than just advertisement or
transport schedules, such as their use for supporting
communities. However, deploying and maintaining display
systems ``in the wild'' that can support communities is
challenging. Based on the authors' experiences in
designing and fielding a diverse range of
community-supporting public display deployments, we
identify a large set of challenges and issues that
researchers working in this area are likely to
encounter. Grouping them into five distinct layers ---
(1) hardware, (2) system architecture, (3) content, (4)
system interaction, and (5) community interaction
design --- we draw up the P-LAYERS framework to enable
a more systematic appreciation of the diverse range of
issues associated with the development, the deployment,
and the maintenance of such systems. Using three of our
own deployments as illustrative examples, we will
describe both our experiences within each individual
layer, as well as point out interactions between the
layers. We believe our framework provides a valuable
aid for researchers looking to work in this space,
alerting them to the issues they are likely to
encounter during their deployments, and help them plan
accordingly.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bonsignore:2013:SSW,
author = "Elizabeth Bonsignore and Alexander J. Quinn and
Allison Druin and Benjamin B. Bederson",
title = "Sharing Stories ``in the Wild'': a Mobile Storytelling
Case Study Using {StoryKit}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = jul,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491500.2491506",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 07:29:12 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Today's mobile devices are equipped with a variety of
tools that enable users to capture and share their
daily experiences. However, designing authoring tools
that effectively integrate the discrete media-capture
components of mobile devices to enable rich
expression---especially by children---remains a
challenge. Evaluating such tools authentically, as they
are being used in-situ, can be even more challenging.
We detail a long-term, multimethod study on the use of
StoryKit, a mobile storytelling application. By taking
advantage of a public distribution channel, we were
able to evaluate StoryKit's use on a scale beyond that
usually found in lab settings or limited field trials.
Our results show that StoryKit's simple but
well-integrated interface attracted a high number of
dedicated users in education contexts at all levels,
including children with special learning needs. We
include a discussion of the challenges and
opportunities that similar ``in the wild'' studies hold
for HCI research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Rooksby:2013:WLD,
author = "John Rooksby",
title = "Wild in the Laboratory: a Discussion of Plans and
Situated Actions",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = jul,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491500.2491507",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 07:29:12 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Suchman's book Plans and Situated Actions has been
influential in HCI (Human Computer Interaction). The
book is often discussed with reference to ethnographic
fieldwork, sometimes being cited as if it were a field
study. However, the book uses examples from a
laboratory study and contains criticisms of
ethnography. This article explores how and why Suchman
carried out a laboratory study. Based upon this
exploration, it argues that social analysis in HCI does
not necessitate fieldwork outside the laboratory. More
broadly, the paper argues that an appreciation of Plans
and Situated Actions can help in moving towards forms
of social analysis that span both the laboratory and
the world outside. If there is to be a ``turn to the
wild'' in HCI, this should not be a turn away from the
laboratory but a turn away from research methods that
ignore human practice. This is not to defend laboratory
experiments, but to defend laboratory-based studies
that explicate technology in practice.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Pierce:2013:ISI,
author = "James Pierce and Yolande Strengers and Phoebe Sengers
and Susanne B{\o}dker",
title = "Introduction to the special issue on practice-oriented
approaches to sustainable {HCI}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = sep,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2494260",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Sep 18 17:40:15 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kuijer:2013:PUD,
author = "Lenneke Kuijer and Annelise de Jong and Daan van
Eijk",
title = "Practices as a unit of design: an exploration of
theoretical guidelines in a study on bathing",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = sep,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2493382",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Sep 18 17:40:15 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The sustainability challenges facing society today
require approaches that look beyond single product-user
interactions. Focusing on socially shared
practices-e.g. cooking, laundering-has been identified
as a promising direction. Building on a growing body of
research in sustainable HCI that takes practices as
unit of analysis, this article explores what it means
to take practices as a unit of design. Drawing on
theories of practice, it proposes that
practice-oriented design approaches should: involve
bodily performance, create crises of routine and
generate a variety of performances. These guidelines
were integrated into a Generative Improv Performances
(GIP) approach, entailing a series of performances by
improvisation actors with low-fidelity prototypes in a
lab environment. The approach was implemented in an
empirical study on bathing. Although the empirical
example does not deal with common types of interactive
technologies, the guidelines and GIP approach offer
sustainable HCI a way to think beyond immediate
interactions and to conceptualize change on a practice
level.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bidwell:2013:WSL,
author = "Nicola J. Bidwell and Masbulele Siya and Gary Marsden
and William D. Tucker and M. Tshemese and N. Gaven and
S. Ntlangano and Simon Robinson and Kristen Ali
Eglinton",
title = "Walking and the social life of solar charging in rural
{Africa}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "22:1--22:??",
month = sep,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2493524",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Sep 18 17:40:15 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We consider practices that sustain social and physical
environments beyond those dominating sustainable HCI
discourse. We describe links between walking,
sociality, and using resources in a case study of
community-based, solar, cellphone charging in villages
in South Africa's Eastern Cape. Like 360 million rural
Africans, inhabitants of these villages are poor and,
like 25\% and 92\% of the world, respectively, do not
have domestic electricity or own motor vehicles. We
describe nine practices in using the charging stations
we deployed. We recorded 700 people using the stations,
over a year, some regularly. We suggest that the way we
frame practices limits insights about them, and
consider various routines in using and sharing local
resources to discover relations that might also feature
in charging. Specifically, walking interconnects
routines in using, storing, sharing and sustaining
resources, and contributes to knowing, feeling, wanting
and avoiding as well as to different aspects of
sociality, social order and perspectives on
sustainability. Along the way, bodies acquire
literacies that make certain relationalities legible.
Our study shows we cannot assert what sustainable
practice means a priori and, further, that detaching
practices from bodies and their paths limits solutions,
at least in rural Africa. Thus, we advocate a more
``alongly'' integrated approach to data about
practices.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Wakkary:2013:SDF,
author = "Ron Wakkary and Audrey Desjardins and Sabrina Hauser
and Leah Maestri",
title = "A sustainable design fiction: Green practices",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "23:1--23:??",
month = sep,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2494265",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Sep 18 17:40:15 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we argue that an approach informed by
practice theory coupled with design fiction provides
useful insights into the role of interaction design
with respect to environmental sustainability. We argue
that a practice-oriented approach can help interaction
designers step away from models of individual behavior
and studies of artifacts towards seeing sustainable
behaviors as part of multidimensional and interrelated
practices and practice elements. We analyze two
previously conducted studies. The first study of
everyday repair focuses on how people repair their
broken objects. The second study of green-DIY examines
how green enthusiasts facilitate their practices of
making sustainable DIY (do-it-yourself) projects. We
describe the practices of everyday repairers and green
enthusiasts in terms of materials, competences, and
meanings, and the interrelations among those elements,
using the framework of Shove et al. [2012]. We argue
that understanding the dynamics of practice and their
unique configurations is a starting point to redefine
the roles of sustainable interaction design (SID). We
propose that designers design towards resources and
tools in ways that reflect on the challenges of
intelligibility of their design interventions in
practices. In addition to considering SID in the light
of practice theories, we reveal how design fictions are
readily incorporated into green practices in ways that
transform those practices and hold implications for
transformations of design as well. We bring forward
opportunities for designers to co-design with DIY
enthusiasts, targeted as practitioners in their own
right, designing toward or within a design fiction. As
a result, we conclude with the possibility for
sustainable interaction designers to become
practice-oriented designers who design with transparent
open strategies and accessible materials and
competences.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Tomlinson:2013:CIP,
author = "Bill Tomlinson and Eli Blevis and Bonnie Nardi and
Donald J. Patterson and M. Six Silberman and Yue Pan",
title = "Collapse informatics and practice: Theory, method, and
design",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "24:1--24:??",
month = sep,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2493431",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Sep 18 17:40:15 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "What happens if efforts to achieve sustainability
fail? Research in many fields argues that contemporary
global industrial civilization will not persist
indefinitely in its current form, and may, like many
past human societies, eventually collapse. Arguments in
environmental studies, anthropology, and other fields
indicate that this transformation could begin within
the next half-century. While imminent collapse is far
from certain, it is prudent to consider now how to
develop sociotechnical systems for use in these
scenarios. We introduce the notion of collapse
informatics-the study, design, and development of
sociotechnical systems in the abundant present for use
in a future of scarcity. We sketch the design space of
collapse informatics and a variety of example projects.
We ask how notions of practice-theorized as collective
activity in the ``here and now''-can shift to the
future since collapse has yet to occur.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "24",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Pink:2013:ALS,
author = "Sarah Pink and Kerstin Leder Mackley and Val Mitchell
and Marcus Hanratty and Carolina Escobar-Tello and
Tracy Bhamra and Roxana Morosanu",
title = "Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to
sustainable {HCI}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "25:1--25:??",
month = sep,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2494261",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Sep 18 17:40:15 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Sociological appropriations of practice theory as
applied to sustainable design have successfully
problematized overly simplistic and individualistic
models of consumer choice and behavior change. By
taking everyday practices as the principal units of
analysis, they move towards acknowledging the socially
and materially structured nature of human activity.
However, to inform sustainable HCI we also need to
understand how practices are part of wider experiential
environments and flows of practical activity. In this
article, we develop an approach rooted in
phenomenological anthropology and sensory ethnography.
This approach builds on theories of place, perception
and movement and enables us to situate practices, and
understand practical activity, as emplaced within
complex and shifting ecologies of things. Drawing on an
interdisciplinary study of domestic energy consumption
and digital media use, we discuss ethnographic and
design practice examples. We demonstrate how this
theoretical and methodological framework can be aligned
with the 3rd paradigm of HCI.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "25",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Disalvo:2013:CSI,
author = "Carl Disalvo and Johan Redstr{\"o}m and Matt Watson",
title = "Commentaries on the special issue on practice-oriented
approaches to sustainable {HCI}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "26:1--26:??",
month = sep,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2509404.2509408",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Wed Sep 18 17:40:15 MDT 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "26",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kokkalis:2013:TAP,
author = "Nicolas Kokkalis and Thomas K{\"o}hn and Johannes
Huebner and Moontae Lee and Florian Schulze and Scott
R. Klemmer",
title = "{TaskGenies}: Automatically Providing Action Plans
Helps People Complete Tasks",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "5",
pages = "27:1--27:??",
month = nov,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2513560",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Nov 8 17:05:55 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "People complete tasks more quickly when they have
concrete plans. However, they often fail to create such
action plans. (How) can systems provide these concrete
steps automatically? This article demonstrates that
these benefits can also be realized when these plans
are created by others or reused from similar tasks.
Four experiments test these approaches, finding that
people indeed complete more tasks when they receive
externally-created action plans. To automatically
provide plans, we introduce the Genies workflow that
combines benefits of crowd wisdom, collaborative
refinement, and automation. We demonstrate and evaluate
this approach through the TaskGenies system, and
introduce an NLP similarity algorithm for reusing
plans. We demonstrate that it is possible for people to
create action plans for others, and we show that it can
be cost effective.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "27",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Ferres:2013:ETI,
author = "Leo Ferres and Gitte Lindgaard and Livia Sumegi and
Bruce Tsuji",
title = "Evaluating a Tool for Improving Accessibility to
Charts and Graphs",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "5",
pages = "28:1--28:??",
month = nov,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2533682.2533683",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Nov 8 17:05:55 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "This article reports a case study of the iterative
design and evaluation of a natural language-driven
assistive technology, iGraph -Lite, providing people
who are blind access to line graphs. Two
laboratory-based usability studies involving blind and
sighted people are presented with a discussion of the
ensuing implementation of changes. Blind participants
were found to adopt different graph interrogation
strategies than sighted participants. A small field
study is then reported in which a blind user who works
with graphs took part to determine the degree to which
the iGraph -Lite commands would meet the needs of blind
graph experts. The final study invited sighted graph
experts and novices to visually inspect and explain a
set of line graphs comparable to those used in the
usability studies. It aimed to highlight the concepts
and the range of words sighted people use, to ascertain
the appropriateness of the iGraph -Lite lexicon. A set
of preliminary guidelines is presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "28",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Borsci:2013:REF,
author = "Simone Borsci and Robert D. Macredie and Julie Barnett
and Jennifer Martin and Jasna Kuljis and Terry Young",
title = "Reviewing and Extending the Five-User Assumption: a
Grounded Procedure for Interaction Evaluation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "5",
pages = "29:1--29:??",
month = nov,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2506210",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Nov 8 17:05:55 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The debate concerning how many participants represents
a sufficient number for interaction testing is
well-established and long-running, with prominent
contributions arguing that five users provide a good
benchmark when seeking to discover interaction
problems. We argue that adoption of five users in this
context is often done with little understanding of the
basis for, or implications of, the decision. We present
an analysis of relevant research to clarify the meaning
of the five-user assumption and to examine the way in
which the original research that suggested it has been
applied. This includes its blind adoption and
application in some studies, and complaints about its
inadequacies in others. We argue that the five-user
assumption is often misunderstood, not only in the
field of Human-Computer Interaction, but also in fields
such as medical device design, or in business and
information applications. The analysis that we present
allows us to define a systematic approach for
monitoring the sample discovery likelihood, in
formative and summative evaluations, and for gathering
information in order to make critical decisions during
the interaction testing, while respecting the aim of
the evaluation and allotted budget. This approach ---
which we call the Grounded Procedure --- is introduced
and its value argued.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "29",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Bentley:2013:HMP,
author = "Frank Bentley and Konrad Tollmar and Peter Stephenson
and Laura Levy and Brian Jones and Scott Robertson and
Ed Price and Richard Catrambone and Jeff Wilson",
title = "Health Mashups: Presenting Statistical Patterns
between Wellbeing Data and Context in Natural Language
to Promote Behavior Change",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "5",
pages = "30:1--30:??",
month = nov,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2503823",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Nov 8 17:05:55 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "People now have access to many sources of data about
their health and wellbeing. Yet, most people cannot
wade through all of this data to answer basic questions
about their long-term wellbeing: Do I gain weight when
I have busy days? Do I walk more when I work in the
city? Do I sleep better on nights after I work out? We
built the Health Mashups system to identify connections
that are significant over time between weight, sleep,
step count, calendar data, location, weather, pain,
food intake, and mood. These significant observations
are displayed in a mobile application using natural
language, for example, ``You are happier on days when
you sleep more.'' We performed a pilot study, made
improvements to the system, and then conducted a 90-day
trial with 60 diverse participants, learning that
interactions between wellbeing and context are highly
individual and that our system supported an increased
self-understanding that lead to focused behavior
changes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "30",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Katzeff:2013:ESP,
author = "Cecilia Katzeff and Loove Broms and Li J{\"o}nsson and
Ulrika Westholm and Minna R{\"a}s{\"a}nen",
title = "Exploring Sustainable Practices in Workplace Settings
through Visualizing Electricity Consumption",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "5",
pages = "31:1--31:??",
month = nov,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2501526",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Fri Nov 8 17:05:55 MST 2013",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "People's domestic habits are increasingly being
targeted to reduce levels of CO2 emissions. Whereas
domestic energy consumption has received a lot of
attention with several reported studies on sustainable
practices, there are very few studies on workplace
practices. Nevertheless, these are considered as having
much potential for reducing energy consumption. This
article presents the findings from two field studies
where two different types of prototypes for visualizing
energy use were designed, implemented and evaluated in
different types of workplace settings --- factories and
offices. The studies used design probes to explore how
visual feedback for electricity use was interpreted and
acted upon by employees in work settings. A striking
observation was that it is very difficult to get people
to change to more pro-environmental behavior and
practices in a workplace environment. The article
discusses why this might be the case.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "31",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kulkarni:2013:PSA,
author = "Chinmay Kulkarni and Koh Pang Wei and Huy Le and
Daniel Chia and Kathryn Papadopoulos and Justin Cheng
and Daphne Koller and Scott R. Klemmer",
title = "Peer and self assessment in massive online classes",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "6",
pages = "33:1--33:??",
month = dec,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2505057",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 9 15:10:49 MST 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Peer and self-assessment offer an opportunity to scale
both assessment and learning to global classrooms. This
article reports our experiences with two iterations of
the first large online class to use peer and
self-assessment. In this class, peer grades correlated
highly with staff-assigned grades. The second iteration
had 42.9\% of students' grades within 5\% of the staff
grade, and 65.5\% within 10\%. On average, students
assessed their work 7\% higher than staff did. Students
also rated peers' work from their own country 3.6\%
higher than those from elsewhere. We performed three
experiments to improve grading accuracy. We found that
giving students feedback about their grading bias
increased subsequent accuracy. We introduce short,
customizable feedback snippets that cover common issues
with assignments, providing students more qualitative
peer feedback. Finally, we introduce a data-driven
approach that highlights high-variance items for
improvement. We find that rubrics that use a parallel
sentence structure, unambiguous wording, and
well-specified dimensions have lower variance. After
revising rubrics, median grading error decreased from
12.4\% to 9.9\%.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "33",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Gerber:2013:CMD,
author = "Elizabeth M. Gerber and Julie Hui",
title = "Crowdfunding: Motivations and deterrents for
participation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "6",
pages = "34:1--34:??",
month = dec,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530540",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 9 15:10:49 MST 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Crowdfunding is changing how, why, and which ideas are
brought into existence. With the increasing number of
crowdfunded projects, it is important to understand
what drives people to either create or fund these
projects. To shed light on this new social phenomenon,
we present a grounded theory of motivation informed by
the first cross-platform qualitative study of the
crowdfunding community. By performing 83 semistructured
interviews, we uncover creator motivations, which
include the desire to raise funds, expand awareness of
work, connect with others, gain approval, maintain
control, and learn; and supporter motivations, which
include the desire to collect rewards, help others,
support causes, and be part of a community. We also
explore deterrents to crowdfunding participation,
including, among creators, fear of failure, and, for
supporters, lack of trust. Based on these findings, we
provide three emergent design principles to inform the
design of effective crowdfunding platforms and support
tools.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "34",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Chen:2013:SCA,
author = "Zhi-Hong Chen and Sherry Y. Chen",
title = "A surrogate competition approach to enhancing
game-based learning",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "6",
pages = "35:1--35:??",
month = dec,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2524264",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 9 15:10:49 MST 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Competition is useful in game-based learning, although
it can also generate negative influences. To expand the
potential for competition models in game-based
learning, this study proposes the notion of surrogate
competition, which eliminates direct competition
between students. Such surrogates could be employed as
buffers so that the competition between students is
more relaxed. To explore the possible benefits of a
surrogate approach to competition, the My-Pet-My-Arena
system has been developed and evaluated. Two empirical
studies were conducted to examine the effects of the
surrogate competition. The results revealed that
surrogate competition enhanced students' learning
achievement as well as increased their motivation.
Furthermore, the surrogate competition might also
assist students in attributing competitive failures to
a lack of effort. Working from the results obtained in
these two studies, a general model of surrogate
competition is proposed to help designers implement
forms of surrogate competition in other systems for
game-based learning.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "35",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Xambo:2013:LJR,
author = "Anna Xamb{\'o} and Eva Hornecker and Paul Marshall and
Sergi Jord{\`a} and Chris Dobbyn and Robin Laney",
title = "Let's jam the reactable: Peer learning during musical
improvisation with a tabletop tangible interface",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "20",
number = "6",
pages = "36:1--36:??",
month = dec,
year = "2013",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530541",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Thu Jan 9 15:10:49 MST 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "There has been little research on how interactions
with tabletop and Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) by
groups of users change over time. In this article, we
investigate the challenges and opportunities of a
tabletop tangible interface based on constructive
building blocks. We describe a long-term lab study of
groups of expert musicians improvising with the
Reactable, a commercial tabletop TUI for music
performance. We examine interaction, focusing on
interface, tangible, musical, and social phenomena. Our
findings reveal a practice-based learning between peers
in situated contexts, and new forms of participation,
all of which is facilitated by the Reactable's tangible
interface, if compared to traditional musical
ensembles. We summarise our findings as a set of design
considerations and conclude that construction processes
on interactive tabletops support learning by doing and
peer learning, which can inform constructivist
approaches to learning with technology.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "36",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Zhai:2014:ETT,
author = "Shumin Zhai",
title = "Editorial: {TOCHI} turns twenty",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2568193",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:30:48 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Liao:2014:ADC,
author = "Q. Vera Liao and Wai-Tat Fu",
title = "Age differences in credibility judgments of online
health information",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2534410",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:30:48 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Older adults are a notable group among the
exponentially growing population of online health
information consumers. In order to better support older
adults' health-related information seeking on the
Internet, it is important to understand how they judge
the credibility of such information when compared to
younger users. We conducted two laboratory studies to
explore how the credibility cues in message contents,
website features, and user-generated comments
differentially impact younger (19 to 26 years of age)
and older adults' (58 to 80 years of age) credibility
judgments. Results from the first experiment showed
that older adults were less sensitive to the
credibility cues in message contents and those in
website features than younger adults. Verbal protocol
analysis revealed that these differences could be
caused by the higher tendency of older adults to
passively accept web information, and their lack of
deliberation on its quality and attention towards
contextual web features (e.g., design look, source
identity). In the second experiment, we studied how
credibility cues from user reviews might differentially
impact older and younger adults' credibility judgments
of online health information. Results showed that
consistent credibility cues in user reviews and message
contents could facilitate older adults' credibility
judgments. When the two were inconsistent, older
adults, as compared to younger ones, were less swayed
by highly appraising user reviews given to low
credibility information. These results provided
important implications for designing health information
technologies that better fit the older population.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Faeth:2014:EEM,
author = "Adam Faeth and Chris Harding",
title = "Emergent effects in multimodal feedback from virtual
buttons",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2535923",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:30:48 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The continued advancement in computer interfaces to
support 3D tasks requires a better understanding of how
users will interact with 3D user interfaces in a
virtual workspace. This article presents two studies
that investigated the effect of visual, auditory, and
haptic sensory feedback modalities presented by a
virtual button in a 3D environment on task performance
(time on task and task errors) and user rating.
Although we expected task performance to improve for
conditions that combined two or three feedback
modalities over a single modality, we instead found a
significant emergent behavior that decreased
performance in the trimodal condition. We found a
significant increase in the number of presses when a
user released the button before closing the virtual
switch, suggesting that the combined visual, auditory,
and haptic feedback led participants to prematurely
believe they actuated a button. This suggests that in
the design of virtual buttons, considering the effect
of each feedback modality independently is not
sufficient to predict performance, and unexpected
effects may emerge when feedback modalities are
combined.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Walmsley:2014:DII,
author = "William S. Walmsley and W. Xavier Snelgrove and Khai
N. Truong",
title = "Disambiguation of imprecise input with one-dimensional
rotational text entry",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2542544",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:30:48 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We introduce a distinction between disambiguation
supporting continuous versus discrete ambiguous text
entry. With continuous ambiguous text entry methods,
letter selections are treated as ambiguous due to
expected imprecision rather than due to discretized
letter groupings. We investigate the simple case of a
one-dimensional character layout to demonstrate the
potential of techniques designed for imprecise entry.
Our rotation-based sight-free technique, Rotext, maps
device orientation to a layout optimized for
disambiguation, motor efficiency, and learnability. We
also present an audio feedback system for efficient
selection of disambiguated word candidates and explore
the role that time spent acknowledging word-level
feedback plays in text entry performance. Through a
user study, we show that despite missing on average by
2.46--2.92 character positions, with the aid of a
maximum a posteriori (MAP) disambiguation algorithm,
users can average a sight-free entry speed of 12.6wpm
with 98.9\% accuracy within 13 sessions (4.3 hours). In
a second study, expert users are found to reach 21wpm
with 99.6\% accuracy after session 20 (6.7 hours) and
continue to grow in performance, with individual
phrases entered at up to 37wpm. A final study revisits
the learnability of the optimized layout. Our modeling
of ultimate performance indicates maximum overall
sight-free entry speeds of 29.0wpm with audio feedback,
or 40.7wpm if an expert user could operate without
relying on audio feedback.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Lederman:2014:MOS,
author = "Reeva Lederman and Greg Wadley and John Gleeson and
Sarah Bendall and Mario {\'A}lvarez-Jim{\'e}nez",
title = "Moderated online social therapy: Designing and
evaluating technology for mental health",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2513179",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:30:48 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Although the use and prevalence of Web-based mental
health applications have grown over the past decade,
many of these services suffer high rates of attrition.
This is problematic, as face-to-face support for mental
health is limited. To determine appropriate design
guidelines for increasing engagement, we conducted a
study of First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) patients and
reviewed theories on the use of existing online
services. We produced a set of design goals, developed
an online application that combined social networking
and online therapy within a clinician-moderated site,
and conducted a 6-week trial with a group of young FEP
patients. The design goals, based on existing theory
including Supportive Accountability and Positive
Psychology, are operationalised through a model we call
Moderated Online Social Therapy (MOST). The trial
results indicate that our implementation achieved the
design goals and that the MOST model can inform the
development of more effective and engaging online
therapies.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Yang:2014:UUC,
author = "Huahai Yang and Yunyao Li and Michelle X. Zhou",
title = "Understand users' comprehension and preferences for
composing information visualizations",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2541288",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 1 06:19:15 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We are developing an automated visualization system
that helps users combine two or more existing
information graphics to form an integrated view. To
establish empirical foundations for building such a
system, we designed and conducted two studies on Amazon
Mechanical Turk to understand users' comprehension and
preferences of composite visualization under different
conditions (e.g., data and tasks). In Study 1, we
collected more than 1,500 textual descriptions
capturing about 500 participants' insights of given
information graphics, which resulted in a task-oriented
taxonomy of visual insights. In Study 2, we asked 240
participants to rank composite visualizations by their
suitability for acquiring a given visual insight
identified in Study 1, which resulted in ranked user
preferences of visual compositions for acquiring each
type of insight. In this article, we report the details
of our two studies and discuss the broader implications
of our crowdsourced research methodology and results to
HCI-driven visualization research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Truschin:2014:DIM,
author = "Sergej Truschin and Michael Schermann and Suparna
Goswami and Helmut Krcmar",
title = "Designing interfaces for multiple-goal environments:
Experimental insights from in-vehicle speech
interfaces",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544066",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:30:48 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Designing computer-human interfaces for multiple-goal
environments is challenging because people pursue
multiple goals with conflicting priorities.
Safety-critical environments, such as driving,
aggravate the need for a more nuanced understanding of
interfaces that may reconcile conflicting tasks. Speech
interfaces are prime examples of such interfaces. In
this article, we investigate how design variations of
an in-vehicle speech interface influence performance of
a primary task (driving safely) and a secondary task
(e-mailing). In a controlled experiment, we test the
performance implications of using single
computer-generated Text-To-Speech (TTS) voice and
multiple matching TTS voices while users respond to
e-mails with varying levels of complexity during
driving. Our results indicate that the number of voices
used has a significant effect on both driving
performance and handling e-mail--related activities. We
discuss potentially unintended consequences of making
the interface too naturalistic and too engaging for the
driver and conclude with theoretical and practical
implications.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Vertanen:2014:CTE,
author = "Keith Vertanen and Per Ola Kristensson",
title = "Complementing text entry evaluations with a
composition task",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = apr,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2555691",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:29:18 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "A common methodology for evaluating text entry methods
is to ask participants to transcribe a predefined set
of memorable sentences or phrases. In this article, we
explore if we can complement the conventional
transcription task with a more externally valid
composition task. In a series of large-scale
crowdsourced experiments, we found that participants
could consistently and rapidly invent high quality and
creative compositions with only modest reductions in
entry rates. Based on our series of experiments, we
provide a best-practice procedure for using composition
tasks in text entry evaluations. This includes a
judging protocol which can be performed either by the
experimenters or by crowdsourced workers on a microtask
market. We evaluated our composition task procedure
using a text entry method unfamiliar to participants.
Our empirical results show that the composition task
can serve as a valid complementary text entry
evaluation method.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kuttal:2014:BPV,
author = "Sandeep K. Kuttal and Anita Sarma and Gregg
Rothermel",
title = "On the benefits of providing versioning support for
end users: an empirical study",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = apr,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2560016",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:29:18 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "End users with little formal programming background
are creating software in many different forms,
including spreadsheets, web macros, and web mashups.
Web mashups are particularly popular because they are
relatively easy to create, and because many programming
environments that support their creation are available.
These programming environments, however, provide no
support for tracking versions or provenance of mashups.
We believe that versioning support can help end users
create, understand, and debug mashups. To investigate
this belief, we have added versioning support to a
popular wire-oriented mashup environment, Yahoo! Pipes.
Our enhanced environment, which we call ``Pipes
Plumber,'' automatically retains versions of pipes and
provides an interface with which pipe programmers can
browse histories of pipes and retrieve specific
versions. We have conducted two studies of this
environment: an exploratory study and a larger
controlled experiment. Our results provide evidence
that versioning helps pipe programmers create and debug
mashups. Subsequent qualitative results provide further
insights into the barriers faced by pipe programmers,
the support for reuse provided by our approach, and the
support for debugging provided.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Church:2014:LSS,
author = "Karen Church and Mauro Cherubini and Nuria Oliver",
title = "A large-scale study of daily information needs
captured in situ",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = apr,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2552193",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:29:18 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "The goal of this work is to provide a fundamental
understanding of the daily information needs of people
through a large-scale, in-depth, quantitative
investigation. To this end, we have conducted one of
the most comprehensive studies of information needs to
date, spanning a 3-month period and involving more than
100 users. The study employed a contextual experience
sampling method, a snippet-based diary technique using
SMS technology, and an online Web diary to gather in
situ insights into the types of needs that occur from
day to day, how those needs are addressed, and how
contextual, technological, and demographic factors
impact on those needs. Our results not only complement
earlier studies but also provide a new understanding of
the intricacies of people's daily information needs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Jakobsen:2014:CPC,
author = "Mikkel R. Jakobsen and Kasper Hornb{\ae}k",
title = "Up close and personal: Collaborative work on a
high-resolution multitouch wall display",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = apr,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2576099",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Mar 11 18:29:18 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Multitouch wall-sized displays afford new forms of
collaboration: They can be used up close by several
users simultaneously, offer high resolution, and
provide sufficient space for intertwining individual
and joint work. The difference to displays without
these capabilities is not well understood. To better
understand the collaboration of groups around
high-resolution multitouch wall displays, we conducted
an exploratory study. Pairs collaborated on a
problem-solving task using a 2.8m $ \times $ 1.2m
multitouch display with 24.8 megapixels. The study
examines how participants collaborate; navigate
relative to the display and to each other; and interact
with and share the display. Participants physically
navigated among different parts of the display,
switched fluidly between parallel and joint work, and
shared the display evenly. The results contrast earlier
research that suggests difficulties in sharing and
collaborating around wall displays. The study suggests
that multitouch wall displays can support different
collaboration styles and fluid transitions in group
work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Mayer:2014:UIS,
author = "Simon Mayer and Andreas Tschofen and Anind K. Dey and
Friedemann Mattern",
title = "User interfaces for smart things --- A generative
approach with semantic interaction descriptions",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2584670",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 8 06:33:35 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "With ever more everyday objects becoming ``smart'' due
to embedded processors and communication capabilities,
the provisioning of intuitive user interfaces to
control smart things is quickly gaining importance. We
present a model-based interface description scheme that
enables automatic, modality-independent user interface
generation. User interface description languages based
on our approach carry enough information to suggest
intuitive interfaces while still being easily
producible for developers. This is enabled by
describing the atomic interactive components of a
device and capturing the semantics of interactions with
the device. We propose a taxonomy of abstract sensing
and actuation primitives and present a smartphone
application that can act as a ubiquitous device
controller. An evaluation of the mobile application in
a laboratory setup, home environments, and an
educational setting as well as the results of a user
study highlight the accessibility of the proposed
scheme for application developers and its suitability
for controlling smart devices.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Dombrowski:2014:GIC,
author = "Lynn Dombrowski and Gillian R. Hayes and Melissa
Mazmanian and Amy Voida",
title = "{E}-government intermediaries and the challenges of
access and trust",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = feb,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2559985",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Tue Apr 8 06:33:35 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we present the results of a study
examining challenges related to access and trust for
nutrition assistance outreach workers and suggest
design implications for these challenges. Outreach
workers are e-government intermediaries who assist
clients with accessing and using e-government online
applications, systems, and services. E-government
intermediaries are not typical end users; they use
e-government systems on behalf of clients, and as such
their challenges differ from those of primary users. We
detail social and technical aspects of these challenges
to develop a nuanced understanding of access and trust
in the ecosystems surrounding e-government systems.
First, we describe how the practical accomplishment of
access involves multiple stakeholders, actors, and
practices. Second, we highlight how trust emerges
through the e-government intermediaries' work to
project themselves as professional and competent
through their technical practice. Last, we propose
design implications sensitive to both the social and
technical aspects of these challenges.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Kerne:2014:UMC,
author = "Andruid Kerne and Andrew M. Webb and Steven M. Smith
and Rhema Linder and Nic Lupfer and Yin Qu and Jon
Moeller and Sashikanth Damaraju",
title = "Using Metrics of Curation to Evaluate
Information-Based Ideation",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2591677",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 13 13:22:51 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Evaluating creativity support environments is
challenging. Some approaches address people's
experiences of creativity. The present method measures
creativity, across conditions, in the products that
people make. This research introduces information-based
ideation (IBI), a paradigm for investigating open-ended
tasks and activities in which users develop new ideas.
IBI tasks span imagining, planning, and reflecting on a
weekend, vacation, outfit, makeover, paper, internship,
thesis, design, campaign, crisis response, career, or
invention. What products do people create through
engagement in IBI? Curation of digital media
incorporates conceptualization, finding and choosing
information objects, annotation, and synthesis. Through
engagement in IBI tasks, people create curation
products. This article formulates a quantitative
methodology for evaluating IBI support tools, building
on prior creative cognition research in engineering
design to derive a battery of ideation metrics of
curation. Elemental ideation metrics evaluate
creativity within curated found objects. Holistic
ideation metrics evaluate how a curation puts elements
together. IBI support environments are characterized by
their underlying medium of curation. Curation media
include lists, such as listicles, and grids, such as
the boards of Pinterest. An in-depth case study
investigates information composition, an art-based
medium representing a curation as a freeform visual
semantic connected whole. We raise two creative
cognition challenges for IBI. One challenge is
overcoming fixation-for instance, when a person gets
stuck in a counterproductive mental set. The other
challenge is to bridge information visualization's
synthesis gap, by providing support for connecting
findings. To address the challenges, we develop
mixed-initiative information composition (MI$^2$ C),
integrating human curation of information composition
with automated agents of information retrieval and
visualization. We hypothesize that MI$^2$ C generates
provocative stimuli that help users overcome fixation
to become more creative on IBI tasks. We hypothesize
that MI$^2$ C's integration of curation and
visualization bridges the synthesis gap to help users
become more creative. To investigate these hypotheses,
we apply ideation metrics of curation to interpret
results from experiments with 44 and 49 participants.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Zoran:2014:HAC,
author = "Amit Zoran and Roy Shilkrot and Suranga Nanyakkara and
Joseph Paradiso",
title = "The Hybrid Artisans: a Case Study in Smart Tools",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2617570",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 13 13:22:51 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We present an approach to combining digital
fabrication and craft, demonstrating a hybrid
interaction paradigm where human and machine work in
synergy. The FreeD is a hand-held digital milling
device, monitored by a computer while preserving the
makers freedom to manipulate the work in many creative
ways. Relying on a pre-designed 3D model, the computer
gets into action only when the milling bit risks the
objects integrity, preventing damage by slowing down
the spindle speed, while the rest of the time it allows
complete gestural freedom. We present the technology
and explore several interaction methodologies for
carving. In addition, we present a user study that
reveals how synergetic cooperation between human and
machine preserves the expressiveness of manual
practice. This quality of the hybrid territory evolves
into design personalization. We conclude on the
creative potential of open-ended procedures within this
hybrid interactive territory of manual smart tools and
devices.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Petrelli:2014:FRP,
author = "Daniela Petrelli and Ann Light",
title = "Family Rituals and the Potential for Interaction
Design: a Study of {Christmas}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2617571",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 13 13:22:51 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "Drawing on a field study with eight families in
northern England, we explore the traditions and rituals
carried out at Christmas, looking at the artifacts and
processes that constitute family life at this time of
year. In addition to individual differences, a common
pattern emerges: an extended preparation is carried out
by the hosting household over a few weeks to set up the
celebration and build expectations; preparation gives
way to a short but intense celebration shared with the
family or intimate friends; then decorations are stored
and there is a return to normal life. The celebration
is across generations, and everyone takes part. We note
examples of new and evolving rituals. Starting from the
three identified phases, we discuss the theoretical and
technical implications of our findings for the design
of more sympathetic technology that holds potential for
augmenting family rituals sensitively and possibly
creating new ones.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Liu:2014:MWF,
author = "Yong Liu and Jayant Venkatanathan and Jorge Goncalves
and Evangelos Karapanos and Vassilis Kostakos",
title = "Modeling What Friendship Patterns on {Facebook} Reveal
About Personality and Social Capital",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2617572",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 13 13:22:51 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In this study, we demonstrate how analysis of users'
social network structure-a topic that has remained
until recently inconspicuous within Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI) research on social systems-can
contribute to our understanding of Social Networking
Services (SNS) effect on users. Despite a consensus
that SNS enhance people's social capital, prior studies
on SNS have provided inconsistent evidence on this
process. In a multipronged study, we analyze
personality, social capital, and Facebook data from a
cohort of participants to model the extent to which
one's SNS reflects aspects of his or personality and
affects his bridging social capital. Our empirically
validated model shows that empathy and
conscientiousness influence the structural holes in
one's social network, which in turn affects bridging
social capital. These findings highlight the importance
of network structure as an intermediary between one's
personality and the social benefits one reaps from
using SNS. Our work demonstrates how the implicit
structural information embedded in users' social
networks can provide key insights into users'
personality and social capital.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Nansen:2014:RHS,
author = "Bjorn Nansen and Frank Vetere and Toni Robertson and
John Downs and Margot Brereton and Jeannette Durick",
title = "Reciprocal Habituation: a Study of Older People and
the {Kinect}",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2617573",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 13 13:22:51 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "We explore relationships between habits and technology
interaction by reporting on older people's experience
of the Kinect for Xbox. We contribute to theoretical
and empirical understandings of habits in the use of
technology to inform understanding of the habitual
qualities of our interactions with computing
technologies, particularly systems exploiting natural
user interfaces. We situate ideas of habit in relation
to user experience and usefulness in interaction
design, and draw on critical approaches to the concept
of habit from cultural theory to understand the
embedded, embodied, and situated contexts in our
interactions with technologies. We argue that
understanding technology habits as a process of
reciprocal habituation in which people and technologies
adapt to each other over time through design, adoption,
and appropriation offers opportunities for research on
user experience and interaction design within
human-computer interaction, especially as newer
gestural and motion control interfaces promise to
reshape the ways in which we interact with computers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Hayes:2014:EMC,
author = "Gillian R. Hayes and Karen G. Cheng and Sen H. Hirano
and Karen P. Tang and Marni S. Nagel and Dianne E.
Baker",
title = "{Estrellita}: a Mobile Capture and Access Tool for the
Support of Preterm Infants and Their Caregivers",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2617574",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 13 13:22:51 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we describe the design process and
principles used in the development of Estrellita, a
tool to support parents of preterm infants to track
health data. We tested Estrellita in the homes of seven
families for 4 months while following seven additional
families without Estrellita. The feedback from this
trial, including in-depth interviews, surveys, and log
analyses, sheds light on how parents can use a mobile
data collection tool to enhance their problem-solving
processes about their own health and that of their
infants, as well as to share with others who support
them in this care. In addition to presenting the design
of a recording technology for preterm infants and its
use in a real-life setting, the results of this
research provide a deep understanding of how technology
can and should be used to support home care of at-risk
patients, in which data capture may be essential.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J756",
}
@Article{Mentis:2014:MSY,
author = "Helena M. Mentis and Jarmo Laaksolahti and Kristina
H{\"o}{\"o}k",
title = "My Self and You: Tension in Bodily Sharing of
Experience",
journal = j-TOCHI,
volume = "21",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = aug,
year = "2014",
CODEN = "ATCIF4",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2617945",
ISSN = "1073-0516 (print), 1557-7325 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1073-0516",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 13 13:22:52 MDT 2014",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tochi.bib",
abstract = "There is a growing interest in designing systems for
sharing experience through bodily interaction. To
explore this design space, we built
