%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "1.06", %%% date = "26 November 2011", %%% time = "15:57:42 MDT", %%% filename = "toois.bib", %%% University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148", %%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "61652 5740 28947 298520", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "bibliography, BibTeX, ACM Transactions on %%% Office Information Systems", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "no", %%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for %%% the journal ACM Transactions on Office %%% Information Systems (CODEN ATOSDO, ISSN %%% 0734-2047) for 1983--1988. %%% %%% Publication began with volume 1, number 1, in %%% January 1983, and ceased with volume 6, %%% number 4, in October 1988. The journal %%% appeared quarterly, in January, April, July, %%% and October. %%% %%% In 1989, the journal was renamed ACM %%% Transactions on Information Systems; that %%% journal is covered in a companion %%% bibliography, tois.bib. %%% %%% The two journals have a joint World-Wide %%% Web site at: %%% %%% http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois %%% %%% Tables-of-contents of all issues are %%% available at: %%% %%% http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tois/ %%% %%% Qualified subscribers can retrieve the full %%% text of recent articles in PDF form. %%% %%% At version 1.06, the COMPLETE journal %%% coverage looked like this: %%% %%% 1983 ( 18) 1985 ( 24) 1987 ( 23) %%% 1984 ( 19) 1986 ( 19) 1988 ( 21) %%% %%% Article: 122 %%% Proceedings: 2 %%% %%% Total entries: 124 %%% %%% The initial draft of this bibliography was %%% derived from data at the ACM Web site. It %%% was then augmented with data from the %%% Compendex database, and from the huge %%% Karlsruhe computer science bibliography %%% archive. and discrepancies were then %%% resolved by consulting the original journal %%% issues. %%% %%% ACM copyrights explicitly permit abstracting %%% with credit, so article abstracts, keywords, %%% and subject classifications have been %%% included in this bibliography wherever %%% available. %%% %%% The bibsource keys in the bibliography %%% entries below indicate the data sources. %%% %%% URL keys in the bibliography point to %%% World Wide Web locations of additional %%% information about the entry. %%% %%% Spelling has been verified with the UNIX %%% spell and GNU ispell programs using the %%% exception dictionary stored in the %%% companion file with extension .sok. %%% %%% BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen %%% as name:year:abbrev, where name is the %%% family name of the first author or editor, %%% year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a %%% 3-letter condensation of important title %%% words. Citation tags were automatically %%% generated by software developed for the %%% BibNet Project. %%% %%% In this bibliography, entries are sorted in %%% publication order, using ``bibsort -byvolume.'' %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility.", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-TOOIS = "ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Publisher abbreviations: @String{pub-ACM = "ACM Press"} @String{pub-ACM:adr = "New York, NY 10036, USA"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Bibliography entries: @Article{Limb:1983:EI, author = "J. O. Limb", title = "{Editor}'s Introduction", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "1--2", month = jan, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Purvy:1983:DSR, author = "R. Purvy and J. Farrell and P. Klose", title = "The Design of {Star}'s Records Processing", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "3--24", month = jan, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Xerox's Star Professional Workstation is distinguished by a graphic user interface committed to the ``what-you-see-is-what-you-get'' design philosophy. The system promotes a see\slash point\slash push-a-button style of interaction with immediate feedback, in marked contrast to more familiar programming or command language interfaces. Star's records processing feature integrates traditional data processing functionality into this user model, using standard Star documents for data definition, entry, display, update, and report generation. Benefits include an economy of concepts and effort for user and implementor alike, along with the synergy of a unified environment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "description languages (DDL); Human factors; manipulation (DML); Models; Office automation; principles; Professional workstations; Query Report writers; User/machine systems", } @Article{Bailey:1983:OMI, author = "A. D. Bailey and J. H. Gerlach and R. P. McAfee and A. B. Whinston", title = "An {OIS} Model for Internal Accounting Control Evaluation", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "25--44", month = jan, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Internal control is an important aspect of accounting office systems. The implementation and maintenance of a control structure which protects corporate assets from theft, misuse, and fraud and permits the preparation of accurate and reliable financial reports is a result of both good business practice and legal requirements. This article presents a precedence model for specifying accounting office systems. Formal analysis procedures are formulated for evaluating the internal controls of the modeled system. The procedures establish precondition and postcondition relationships between designated control points.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Administrative data processing; Business; Computer applications; Computer audit and control; Financial; Inf. systems application; Internal accounting control; Management; Management audit; Management of computing and information systems; Office automation; System management", } @Article{Barber:1983:SOP, author = "G. Barber", title = "Supporting Organizational Problem Solving with a Work Station", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "45--67", month = jan, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "An approach to supporting work in the office is described. Using and extending ideas from the field of artificial intelligence (AI) we describe office work as a problem-solving activity. A knowledge-embedding language called OMEGA is used to embed knowledge of the organization into an office worker's work station in order to support the office worker in problem solving. A particular approach to reasoning about change and contradiction is discussed. This approach uses OMEGA's viewpoint mechanism, which is a general contradiction-handing facility. Unlike other knowledge representation systems, when a contradiction is reached the reasons for the contradiction can be analyzed by the deduction mechanism without having to resort to search mechanisms such as a backtracking. The viewpoint mechanism is the heart of the problem-solving support paradigm, a paradigm which supplements the classical AI view of problem solving. An example is presented in which OMEGA's facilities are used to support an office worker's problem-solving activities. The example illustrates the use of viewpoints and of OMEGA's capabilities to reason about its own reasoning processes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Design; Inf. networks; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Languages; Office automation; Semantic networks; Sys. and software", } @Article{Srihari:1983:IDK, author = "S. N. Srihari and J. J. Hull and R. Choudhari", title = "Integrating Diverse Knowledge Sources in Text Recognition", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "68--87", month = jan, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A new algorithm for text recognition that corrects character substitution errors in words of text is presented. The search for a correct word effectively integrates three knowledge sources: channel characteristics, bottom-up context, and top-down context. Channel characteristics are used in the form of probabilities that observed letters are corruptions of other letters; bottom-up context is in the form of the probability of a letter when the previous letters of the word are known; and top-down context is in the form of a lexicon. A one-pass algorithm is obtained by merging a previously known dynamic programming algorithm to compute the maximum a posteriori probability string (known as the Viterbi algorithm) with searching a lexical trie. Analysis of the computational complexity of the algorithm and results of experimentation with a PASCAL implementation are presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "algorithms; Algorithms; Applications; Artificial intelligence; Control methods and search; Dynamic programming; experimentation; Graph and tree search strategies; Knowledge integration; Office automation; Pattern recognition; Problem solving; Spelling; Text editing; Text processing; Theory; theory; TOOIS TOIS Inf. systems applications; Word processing", review = "ACM CR 40355", subject = "H.4.1 Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, Office Automation, Word processing \\ I.2.8 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search, Dynamic programming \\ I.2.8 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search, Graph and tree search strategies \\ I.5.4 Computing Methodologies, PATTERN RECOGNITION, Applications, Text processing \\ I.7.1 Computing Methodologies, TEXT PROCESSING, Text Editing, Spelling", } @Article{Tsichritzis:1983:MF, author = "D. Tsichritzis and S. Christodoulakis", title = "Message Files", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "88--98", month = jan, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "We describe a message-filing capability which allows for the retrieval of messages according to contents. Messages are organized in large, general files such that frequent reorganization is avoided. The user specifies a filter which restricts the attention to a manageable subset of messages. Messages within the subset are retrieved for a final check. We discuss file organization and access method, as well as performance and implementation considerations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Abstracting methods; Access methods; Communications applications; Computer systems organization; Content analysis and indexing; Control structures and microprogramming; Database management; Design; Electronic mail; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Microcode applications; Modeling techniques; Performance; Performance of systems; Physical design; Special purpose", } @Article{Malone:1983:HDP, author = "T. W. Malone", title = "How Do People Organize Their Desks? Implications for the Design of Office Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "99--112", month = jan, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper describes a series of interviews focusing on the way professional and clerical office workers organize the information in their desks and offices. A number of implications for designing ``natural'' and convenient computer-based information systems are discussed. Two principal claims are made: (1) A very important function of desk organization is to remind the user of things to do, not just to help the user find desired information. Failing to support this function may seriously impair the usefulness of electronic office systems, and explicitly facilitating it may provide an important advantage for automated office systems over their nonautomated predecessors. (2) The cognitive difficulty of categorizing information is an important factor in explaining how people organize their desks. Computer-based systems may help with this difficulty by (a) doing as much automatic classification as possible (e.g., based on access dates), and (b) including untitled ``piles'' of information arranged by physical location as well as explicitly titled and logically arranged ``files.'' Several other implications for the design of electronic office systems are discussed, and some differences in how people organize their desks are described.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Nutt:1983:EDM, author = "G. J. Nutt", title = "An Experimental Distributed Modeling System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "117--142", month = apr, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Computer systems will increasingly rely on distributed components in order to increase performance while providing autonomous computing facilities. This evolution implies that a corresponding advance must take place in the state of the art of system analysis and evaluation. This paper describes an experimental modeling system developed to study distributed office information systems. The modeling system is unusual in that the simulation component is itself a distributed program. Support facilities and the organization of the simulator are presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communications applications; Communications management; Distributed programming office modeling; Information systems applications; Miscellaneous; Office automation; Operating systems; Organization and design; Simulation; Software engineering", } @Article{Stonebraker:1983:DPR, author = "M. Stonebraker and H. Stettner and N. Lynn and J. Kalash and A. Guttman", title = "Document Processing in a Relational Database System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "143--158", month = apr, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper contains a proposal to enhance a relational database manager to support document processing. Basically, it suggests support for data items that are variable-length strings, support for ordered relations, support for substring operations, and support for new operators that concatenate and break apart string fields.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Database management; Document processing; Document storage; Extended query languages; File organization; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information storage; Information systems applications; Languages; Office automation; Query languages; Word processing", } @Article{Allen:1983:DCL, author = "R. B. Allen and M. W. Scerbo", title = "Details of Command-Language Keystrokes", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "159--178", month = apr, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The Keystroke-Level Model asserts that the time for an expert to enter a task using a command language is a function of specific task-acquisition, mental, and motor-response times. The evidence for the model is critically reviewed, and new data are presented. The fit of the new data to the model is modest even when several modifications of the model are considered. It is proposed that a more complex model, based explicitly on cognitive processes, is necessary.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Cognitive psychology; Command and control languages; Human factors; Human information processing; Information systems applications; Models and principles; Office automation; Operating systems; Sys. programs and utilities; Text editing; Text processing; User interface; User/machine systems", } @Article{Brotz:1983:MSM, author = "D. K. Brotz", title = "Message System Mores: Etiquette in {Laurel}", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "179--192", month = apr, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Electronic message systems provide a new mode of communication that currently lacks an accepted set of social protocols. On the basis of observations of user behavior in Laurel, a widely used electronic message system, several suggestions for message system etiquette are given. Topics covered include misaddressed messages, rudeness, message system costs, unsolicited messages, chain reactions, and masquerading.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communication; Communications applications; Computer-communication networks; Computers and society; Electronic mail; Electronic message system; Etiquette; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Manners; Miscellaneous; Social issues", } @Article{Israel:1983:AOS, author = "J. E. Israel and T. A. Linden", title = "Authentication in Office System Internetworks", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "193--210", month = jul, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "In a distributed office system, authentication data (such as password) must be managed in such a way that users and machines from different organizations can easily authenticate themselves to each other. The authentication facility must be secure, but user convenience, decentralized administration, and a capability for smooth, long-term evolution are also important. In addition, the authentication arrangements must not permit failures at a single node to cause systemwide down time. The design used in the Xerox 8000 Series products is described. This design anticipates applications in an open-network architecture where there are nodes from diverse sources and one node does not trust authentication checking done by other nodes. Furthermore, in some offices encryption will be required to authenticate data transmissions despite hostile intruders on the network. Requirements and design constraints when applying encryption for authentication in office systems are discussed. It is suggested that protocol standards for use in office systems should allow unencrypted authentication as well as two options for encrypted authentication. Issues that will arise as an office system evolves to deal with increasingly sophisticated threats from users of the system are described.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Authentication; Computer-communication networks; Data encryption; Data encryption standard (DES); Decentralized systems; Distributed systems; Ethernet; General; Heterogeneous systems; Information systems applications; Internetworks; Network architecture and design; Network communications; Network protocols; Office automation; Open architecture; Protocol architecture; Security; Security and protection; Standardization", } @Article{Smith:1983:PDE, author = "S. A. Smith and R. I. Benjamin", title = "Projecting Demand for Electronic Communications in Automated Offices", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "211--229", month = jul, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The large projected growth in the use of office information systems over the next ten years will in turn significantly increase the demand for electronic communications in offices. Projections for this demand on a per employee basis are developed, based on assumed office automation scenarios and case-study observations of current activity levels. Implications for communications systems design are discussed. The results are also compared with observed communications traffic in an existing automated office environment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communications applications; Communications systems; Economics; Electronic mail; Inf. systems applications; Measurement; Office automation; Performance", } @Article{Oppen:1983:CDA, author = "D. C. Oppen and Y. K. Dalal", title = "The Clearinghouse: {A} Decentralized Agent for Locating Named Objects in a Distributed Environment", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "230--253", month = jul, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The problem of naming and locating objects in a distributed environment is considered, and the clearinghouse, a decentralized agent for supporting the naming of these ``network-visible'' objects, is described. The objects ``known'' to the clearinghouse are of many types and include workstations, file servers, print servers, mail servers, clearinghouse servers, and human user. All objects known to the clearinghouse are named using the same convention, and the clearinghouse provides information about objects in a uniform fashion, regardless of their type. The clearinghouse also supports aliases. The clearinghouse binds a name to a set of properties of various types. For instance, the name of a user may be associated with the location of his local workstation, mailbox, and nonlocation information such as password and comments. The clearinghouse is decentralized and replicated. That is, instead of one global clearinghouse server, there are many local clearinghouse servers, each storing a copy of a portion of the global database. The totality of services supplied by these clearinghouse servers is called ``the clearinghouse.'' Decentralization and replication increase efficiency, security, and reliability. A request to the clearinghouse to bind a name to its set of properties may originate anywhere in the system and be directed to any clearinghouse server. A clearinghouse client need not be concerned with the question of which clearinghouse server actually contains the binding -- the clearinghouse stub in the client in conjunction with distributed clearinghouse servers automatically finds the mapping if it exists. Updates to the various copies of a mapping may occur asynchronously and be interleaved with requests for bindings of names to properties; updates to the various copies are not treated as indivisible transactions. Any resulting inconsistency between the various copies is only transient: the clearinghouse automatically arbitrates between conflicting updates to restore consistency.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Binding; Clearinghouse; Communications applications; Computer-communication networks; Data models; Database management; Design; Distributed databases; Distributed systems; Electronic mail; Information search and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Internetwork; Locations; Logical design; Names; Network management; Network operating systems; Network operations; Network-visible objects; Search processes", } @Article{Mack:1983:LUW, author = "R. L. Mack and C. H. Lewis and J. M. Carroll", title = "Learning to Use Word Processors: Problems and Prospects", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "3", pages = "254--271", month = jul, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Computer text editors are powerful, but complex, tools. Particularly in the early stages of learning, the complexity of these tools can cause serious problems for users who are not experienced with computers. The problems of new users were studied by asking the users to think out loud while learning to use word-processing systems. In this paper several of the most typical and debilitating problems these users had understanding and following directions in using training manuals, as well as problems understanding and using interface functions to accomplish word processing tasks, are taxonomized and analyzed. Approaches for improving design features of the interface functions and the training methods used for learning are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Analogies; Artificial intelligence; Behavioral science; Cognitive psychology; Concept learning; Equipment; Human factors; Human information processing; Human-computer interface; Information systems applications; Instruction; Learning; Models and principles; Novices; Office automation; Protocol methodology; Text editors; User/machine systems; Word processing", } @Article{Gould:1983:HFC, author = "J. D. Gould and S. J. Boies", title = "Human Factors Challenges In Creating a Principal Support Office System --- The Speech Filing System Approach", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "4", pages = "273--298", month = oct, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper identifies the key behavioral challenges in designing a principal-office system and our approaches to them. These challenges included designing a system which office principals would find useful and would directly use themselves. Ultimately, the system, called the Speech Filing System (SFS), became primarily a voice store and forward message system with which users compose, edit, send, and receive audio messages, using telephones as terminals. Our approaches included behavioral analyses of principals' needs and irritations, controlled laboratory experiments, several years of training, observing, and interviewing hundreds of actual SFS users, several years of demonstrating SFS to thousands of potential users and receiving feedback, empirical studies of alternative methods of training and documentation, continual major modifications of the user interface, simulations of alternative user interfaces, and actual SFS usage analyses. The results indicate that SFS is now relatively easy to learn, solves real business problems, and leads to user satisfaction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communications applications; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Information systems applications; Models and principles; Office automation; Office of the future; Principal support system; User/machine systems", } @Article{Gibbs:1983:DMA, author = "S. Gibbs and D. Tsichritzis", title = "A Data Modeling Approach for Office Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "4", pages = "299--319", month = oct, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A data model for representing the structure and semantics of office objects is proposed. The model contains features for modeling forms, documents, and other complex objects; these features include a constraint mechanism based on triggers, templates for presenting objects in different media, and unformatted data types such as text and audio. The representation of common office objects is described. User-level commands may be translated to operations within the model.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Data models; Database management; Design; Human information processing; Information systems applications; Logical design; Models and principles; Office automation; Templates; Unformatted data; User/machine systems", } @Article{Suchman:1983:OPP, author = "L. A. Suchman", title = "Office Procedure as Practical Action: Models of Work and System Design", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "1", number = "4", pages = "320--328", month = oct, year = "1983", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The design of office technology relies upon underlying conceptions of human organization and action. The goal of building office information systems requires a representation of office work and its relevant objects. The concern of this paper is that although system designers recognize the centrality of procedural tasks in the office, they tend to ignore the actual work involved in accomplishing those tasks. A perspicuous instance of work in an accounting office is used to recommend a new line of research into the practical problems of office work, and to suggest preliminary implications of that research for office systems design.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Design; General; Human factors; Human information processing; Models and principles; Models of work; Office procedure; User/machine systems", } @Article{Ballard:1984:LTK, author = "B. W. Ballard and J. C. Lusth and N. L. Tinkham", title = "{LDC-1}: {A} Transportable, Knowledge-Based Natural Language Processor for Office Environments", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "1--25", month = jan, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "During the 1970s, a number of systems providing limited English-language processing capabilities were developed to permit computer access be casual or untrained users. Our interest is in adapting and extending techniques developed for these systems, especially those used in database query systems and our own English-language programming language system (NLC), for use in office environments. This paper describes the Layered Domain Class system (LDC), a state-of-the-art natural language processor whose major goals are (1) to provide English-language retrieval capabilities for medium-sized office domains that have been stored on the computer as text-edited files, as oppose to more restrictive database structures; and (2) to eliminate the need to call in the system designer when extensions into new domains are desired, without sacrificing the depth or reliability of the interface. In this paper we (a) provide an overview of LDC, including sample inputs; (b) briefly discuss the role of each module of the system, with special attention to provisions for users to adapt the system to deal with new types of data; and (c) consider the relation of our system to other formal and natural language interfaces that are in use or under development.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Database management; Deduction and theorem proving; Distribution and maintenance; Extensibility; Human factors; Information search and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Knowledge acquisition; Language parsing and understanding; Languages; Natural language processing; Office automation; Query formulation; Query languages; Restructuring; Software engineering", } @Article{Kelley:1984:IDM, author = "J. F. Kelley", title = "An Iterative Design Methodology for User-Friendly Natural Language Office Information Applications", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "26--41", month = jan, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A six-step, iterative, empirical human factors design methodology was used to develop CAL, a natural language computer application to help computer-naive business professionals manage their personal calendars. Input language is processed by a simple, nonparsing algorithm with limited storage requirements and a quick response time. CAL allows unconstrained English inputs from users with no training (except for a five minute introduction to the keyboard and display) and no manual (except for a two-page overview of the system). In a controlled test of performance, CAL correctly responded to between 86 percent and 97 percent of the storage and retrieval requests it received, according to various criteria. This level of performance could never have been achieved with such a simple processing model were it not for the empirical approach used in the development of the program and its dictionaries. The tools of the engineering psychologist are clearly invaluable in the development of user-friendly software, if that software is to accommodate the unruly language of computer-naive, first-time users. The key is to elicit the cooperation of such users as partners in an iterative, empirical development process.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications; Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Discretionary user; Ease-of-use; Empirical grammar; Engineering psychology; Experimentation; Human factors; Iterative design; Language parsing and understanding; Limited context; Management of computing and information systems; Models and principles; Naive user; Natural language; Natural language interfaces; Natural language processing; Simulation; Simulation and modeling; Software; Software development; Software management; Software psychology; Task analysis; User-friendly; User/machine systems", } @Article{Hanson:1984:IDM, author = "S. J. Hanson and R. E. Kraut and J. M. Farber", title = "Interface Design and Multivariate Analysis of {UNIX} Command Use", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "42--57", month = jan, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "To understand how people interact with powerful computer systems, we analyzed, using several multivariate statistical analyses, the commands people use and the errors they made when performing office work with the UNIX operating system. The frequency of use across commands was very uneven. User's most frequent commands were those that performed editing-like functions on text and other objects (e.g., UNIX directories), those that returned orienting information to users, and those that helped to control and sequence other commands. People made mistakes frequently, and made them most, when they needed information about the command and file context in which they were working, and when they had to plan long sequences of commands without feedback. From these analyses we make several recommendations for a human-computer interface.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Command and control languages; Command languages; Experimentation; Human computer interactions; Human factors; Human information processing; Human-computer interaction; Information systems applications; Man-machine interface; Measurement; Models and principles; Office automation; Operating systems; Sys. programs and utilities; User/machine systems", } @Article{Tsichritzis:1984:MAS, author = "D. Tsichritzis", title = "Message Addressing Schemes", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "58--77", month = jan, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper defines and investigates different addressing schemes which can be used to route messages in mail systems. An analysis of finite state addressing schemes is carried out, and an illustrative example is given.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Active messages; Communications applications; Computer communication networks; Database and message systems; Electronic mail; Electronic mail routing; Inf. systems applications; Message systems; Miscellaneous", } @Article{Terry:1984:CCS, author = "D. B. Terry and S. Andler", title = "The {COSIE} Communication Subsystem: Support for Distributed Office Applications", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "79--95", month = apr, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Contemporary distributed office systems rely heavily on communication between workstation, file servers, printers, and other computerized components. The COSIE Communication Subsystem has been developed for an office system internetwork consisting of local networks of varying technologies. The communication facilities provide for the transmission of self-contained messages to mailboxes, which are referenced by capabilities and may be shared. A generalized method for pairing requests with responses supports a variety of communication paradigms, while a flexible routing algorithm permits diverse network topologies. The main emphasis in the design of the COSIE Communication Subsystem was on presenting simple mechanisms that allow more general policies and protocols to be explored.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications; Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Discretionary user; Ease-of-use; Empirical grammar; Engineering psychology; Experimentation; Human factors; Iterative design; Language parsing and understanding; Limited context; Management of computing and information systems; Models and principles; Naive user; Natural language; Natural language interfaces; Natural language processing; Simulation; Simulation and modeling; Software; Software development; Software management; Software psychology; Task analysis; User-friendly; User/machine systems", } @Article{Lyngbaek:1984:OMD, author = "P. Lyngbaek and D. McLeod", title = "Object Management in Distributed Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "96--122", month = apr, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A simple model for object sharing in distributed office information systems is described. The model provides a small set of operators for object definition, manipulation, and retrieval in a distributed environment, modeled as a logical network of workstations. Relationships among objects can be established across work station boundaries, objects are relocatable within the distributed environment, and mechanisms are provided for access control and the dynamic sharing of objects among individual work stations. An object naming convention supports location-transparent object references; that is, objects can be referenced by user-defined names rather than by addresses. The primitive operations introduced can be used as the basis for the specification and stepwise development of office information models and systems of increasing complexity. An experimental prototype implementation of the distributed object sharing model is described.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Data models; Database management; Design; Distributed office information management; Distributed systems; Information systems applications; Logical design; Nameservers; Office automation; Office information systems; Semantic data modeling; Systems", } @Article{Trauth:1984:CSE, author = "E. M. Trauth and S. K. Kwan", title = "Channel Selection and Effective Communication for Managerial Decision Making", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "123--140", month = apr, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "New office technologies provide a range of alternatives to traditional channels for corporate communications. This paper explores the effectiveness of print, electronic messaging, and videotape along both objective and subjective dimensions. While electronic messaging and videotape were not found to improve significantly over print either the recall of information or the quality of decisions made based on it, some interesting patterns were observed. The use of electronic messaging resulted in improved recall of information. Videotape tended toward the extremes: It was either the most or the least effective in disseminating information for learning. Subjects' attitudes about the influence of each channel on the quality of information were contrasted with the disposition toward use. In general, subjects had positive attitudes toward both electronic messaging and videotape. When asked about the likelihood of choosing a particular channel, given emphasis on certain information attributes, however, subjects consistently preferred print. These results suggest that both the communication context and user preconceptions must be taken into account when planning for the introduction of new technologies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communications applications; Computers and society; Electronic mail; Electronic messaging; Evaluating communication channels; Experimentation; General; Inf. systems; Inf. systems applications; Information attributes; Information systems applications; Management; Measurement; Office automation; Organizational impacts; Performance; Print; User study; Video technology", } @Article{Culnan:1984:DAO, author = "M. J. Culnan", title = "The Dimensions of Accessibility to Online Information: Implications for Implementing Office Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "141--150", month = apr, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Prior research has found a positive correlation between the perceived accessibility of information and information use. The underlying dimensions of information accessibility, however, have not been investigated empirically. The present field study measures end-user perceptions of three online information retrieval systems and one electronic mail system. User ratings of the four systems are collected and factor-analyzed. The results suggest that (1) physical access to a terminal and access to the actual information system are independent dimensions, (2) that accessibility is a multidimensional concept encompassing physical access to a terminal and the system, the command language, and the ability to retrieve the desired information successfully, and (3) that perceptions of accessibility are a function of prior user experience with online systems. In order to facilitate the acceptance of office information systems, organizations need to provide extensive support and training when the system is introduced, as well as ready physical access to the system over the course of its useful life.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Accessibility; Communications applications; End-user computing; Human factors; Implementation strategies; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Management; Online information services", } @Article{Bracchi:1984:DRO, author = "G. Bracchi and B. Pernici", title = "The Design Requirements of Office Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "151--170", month = apr, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The original characteristics of an office information system, when compared to a conventional information system, imply the need for developing new design methodologies and models, or for substantially changing existing design approaches. In this paper the relevant features of office information systems are outlined and some existing office methodologies and models are classified and evaluated. Particular emphasis is given to the early phases of the design process, commonly called ``conceptual'' or ``logical'' design phases. The basic requirements for conceptual design methodologies in the office environment are derived from the analysis and evaluation of existing design approaches.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Design; Documentation; Inf. systems applications; Models and principles; Office automation; Office modeling; User/machine systems", } @Article{Ellis:1984:EIO, author = "C. Ellis", title = "{Editor}'s Introduction to the Special Issue", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "171--172", month = jul, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "We need a Theory of the Office, encompassing ideas from fields as diverse as organizational design, CS, ergonomics, operations research, and communications. Notions conveyed within this issue of the ACM Trans. on Office Information Systems (TOOIS) may be able to contribute to such a theory. Persons wanting to become knowledgeable in this field today must rely on lengthy, agonizing-frequently incomplete and deceiving-experience; which, even a partial theory of the office would alleviate. A theory would also be valuable to the large numbers of people who would like to judge, fit, and size office automation for their organizations. Finally, the office systems area has been scorned within some universities and university departments as not being a valid academic area in which to work and publish. I believe that a solid and utilitarian theory of the office would encourage many theoretical researchers to work on some exciting and useful office topics. The need exists, and it appears that the time is right. TOOIS welcomes such work to its pages.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "TOOIS TOIS", } @Article{Ahlsen:1984:AOM, author = "M. Ahlsen and A. Bjornerstedt and S. Britts and C. Hulten and L. Soderlund", title = "An Architecture for Object Management in {OIS}", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "173--196", month = jul, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The design of an office information system (OIS) application development environment prototype, OPAL, is outlined. OPAL is based on an object management approach. The central concept is the packet, which is the principal data and action structuring device. The main ideas in OPAL are described, including novel data types, partitioned work spaces, object version management, multiple property inheritance, and incremental application development. A scheme for naming objects is proposed and discussed. There are basically two large advantages to such a scheme -- a very practical shorthand for referring to objects and a means for structuring information according to criteria not represented in the objects themselves. The latter property also supports viewing objects in different roles. Furthermore, the scheme is used to structure the whole object management system.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Application development tools; Data models; Data types and structures; Database management; Design; Information systems applications; Language constructs; Languages; Logical design; Object databases; Object programming; Office automation; OIS; Query languages; Soederlund TOOIS TOIS Programming languages", } @Article{Croft:1984:TSO, author = "W. B. Croft and L. S. Lefkowitz", title = "Task Support In an Office System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "197--212", month = jul, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A major goal of an office system is to support tasks that are central to office functions. Some office tasks are readily implemented with generic office tools, such as calendars, forms packages, and mail. Many tasks, however, involve complex sequences of actions which do not all correspond to tool invocations but, instead, rely on the problem-solving abilities of office workers. In this paper we describe a system (POISE) that can be used to both automate routine tasks and provide assistance in more complex situations. The type of assistance provided can range from maintaining a record of the tasks currently being executed to suggesting possible next steps and answering natural language queries about the tasks. The POISE system uses both a procedure-based and a goal-based representation of the tasks to achieve efficiency and flexibility. The mechanisms used by POISE are described with example procedures from a university office.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Decision support; Design; Inf. systems applications; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Management; Natural language; Office automation; Problem-solving; Representations (procedural and rule-based); Tools; Types of systems", } @Article{Radicati:1984:MTI, author = "S. Radicati", title = "Managing Transient Internetwork Links in the {Xerox Internet}", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "213--225", month = jul, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The Xerox Research Internet has been in operation for over a decade, and includes as many as 200 geographically-dispersed Ethernet local area networks. As Internets grow, it becomes unrealistic for both practical and economic reasons to expect them to be fully interconnected at all times. This paper presents an approach to the management of transient internetwork communication links in a datagram-based architecture, such as the Xerox Network Systems architecture. The major novelty lies in the idea of allowing high-level application programs to dynamically alter the internet topology, without the need for end users to be involved, or even to be aware of what is happening.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Computer communication networks; Design; Internetworking; Network architecture and design; Network communications; Network topology; NS architecture; X.25", } @Article{Panko:1984:OAN, author = "R. R. Panko", title = "38 Offices: Analyzing Needs in Individual Offices", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "226--234", month = jul, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "There are growing pressures in the office automation field to develop methodologies to determine the needs of individual offices. An exploratory study of two techniques, a 1983 version of MIT's Office Analysis Methodology and the Strategic Approach, is presented. The study suggests the need to extend the Type I/Type II typology of offices, previously suggested by this author and by Sprague [15]. It also determined that managers find fairly radical innovation extremely difficult to visualize.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Business; Design; Economics; Inf. systems applications; Management; Management of computing and information systems; Methodology; Office automation; Project and people management; Systems analysis and design; Taxonomy", } @Article{Yao:1984:FOF, author = "S. B. Yao and A. R. Hevner and Z. Shi and D. Luo", title = "{FORMANAGER}: An Office Forms Management System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "235--262", month = jul, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The form has become an important abstraction for data management in an office application environment. Structured office forms present data to users in an easily understood and easily manipulated manner. In this paper we classify forms systems in terms of three dimensions: data structuring, user interfaces, and programming interfaces. Current forms systems are analyzed under these dimensions. We have designed a comprehensive forms management system, FORMANAGER, that includes facilities for form specification, form processing, and form control. The system transforms data from a relational database into a hierarchical data structure which defines the form. The design and algorithms for implementation of the system are described, and future extensions to enhance the capabilities of forms systems are proposed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Database management; Design; Forms management; Inf. systems applications; Office automation; Query processing; Relational database systems; Systems", } @Article{Faloutsos:1984:SFA, author = "C. Faloutsos and S. Christodoulakis", title = "Signature Files: An Access Method for Documents and Its Analytical Performance Evaluation", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "267--288", month = oct, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The signature-file access method for text retrieval is studied. According to this method, documents are stored sequentially in the ``text file.'' Abstractions (``signatures'') of the documents are stored in the ``signature file.'' The latter serves as a filter on retrieval: It helps in discarding a large number of nonqualifying documents. In this paper two methods for creating signatures are studied analytically, one based on word signatures and the other on superimposed coding. Closed-form formulas are derived for the false-drop probability of the two methods, factors that affect it are studied, and performance comparisons of the two methods based on these formulas are provided.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Access methods; Database management; Design; Document retrieval; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information retrieval; Information systems applications; Library automation; Office automation; Performance; Physical design; Signature file; Superimposed coding; Text editing; Text processing; Text retrieval", } @Article{Paddock:1984:OAP, author = "C. E. Paddock and R. W. Scamell", title = "Office Automation Projects and Their Impact on Organization, Planning, and Control", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "289--302", month = oct, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Implementing office information systems within an organization results in both technological and organizational change. Changes to the hardware, software, data, and personnel components of an organization tend to be more noticeable than changes to the organization, planning, and control attributes that permit these components to function as a unit. Recognizing these more subtle changes while the office automation effort is in its early stages can provide management direction for future efforts. A study designed to identify differences that exist between data processing and word processing departments that have begun office automation versus those that have not is described. Data on specific attributes of organization, planning, and control were collected from 26 data processing and 25 word processing managers. The results, discussed as propositions, show that significant differences do exist and raise other issues for future study.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Administrative data processing; Business; Centralization/decentralization; DP/WP integration; Inf. systems applications; Management; Management of computing and information systems; Miscellaneous; Office automation; Performance; Project and people management; Systems department; Systems management; Text processing", } @Article{Mazer:1984:LRS, author = "M. S. Mazer and F. H. Lochovsky", title = "Logical Routing Specification in Office Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "303--330", month = oct, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A message management system is an office information system for managing structured messages, integrating the facilities of computer-based message systems and database management systems, and adding to them the capability of ``intelligent'' handling of messages. This allows the office information system to support messages that can use information about themselves (such as structure and content) or about the system to effect their own processing. Logical routing of messages in an office information system is a function that can benefit from such intelligent processing. A framework and language are introduced for the specification of logical routing for messages in an office information system. By associating routing specifications with message types, the system assumes the responsibility both for evaluating the current message instance state to yield the next destination for the instance and for forwarding the instance. The user is freed from the need to direct explicitly each instance of a message type. The routing specifications are based on a variety of criteria, including message instance state and system characteristics. A routing specification language is described, with examples, and an implementation for a distributed workstation environment is outlined.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communications applications; Computer-communication networks; Design; Distr. applications; Distr. systems; Electronic mail; Information systems applications; Intelligent office systems; Languages; Logical routing; Message management systems; Message types; Office automation; Office information systems", } @Article{Higgins:1984:CAT, author = "C. A. Higgins and F. R. Safayeni", title = "A Critical Appraisal of Task Taxonomies As a Tool for Studying Office Activities", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "331--339", month = oct, year = "1984", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Task taxonomies have been developed and used by many practitioners in studies related to office automation. Often the studies are used to indicate the potential for automation in an office. In other cases the taxonomies serve as a tool for evaluating the impact of various technologies. However, there are numerous problems associated with using taxonomies for such studies. These are related to three common assumptions that are made: (1) the assumption of categorization, (2) the assumption of finite representation, and (3) the assumption of technological validity. In this paper these assumptions are examined, their weaknesses and limitations are pointed out, and suggestions for the improvement of task taxonomies are made. The general conclusion drawn is that current task taxonomies are of questionable value in studies related to office automation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Design; Inf. systems applications; Measuring office activities; Office automation; Taxonomy", } @Article{Allen:1985:E, author = "Robert B. Allen", title = "Editorial", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "1--1", month = jan, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{King:1985:DDM, author = "R. King and D. McLeod", title = "A Database Design Methodology And Tool For Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "2--21", month = jan, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A model and methodology for describing the information objects in an office information system and how such objects flow among the components of such a system are presented. The model and methodology support the specification of information objects at multiple levels of abstraction. An interactive prototype design tool based on the methodology and model has been designed and experimentally implemented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Database management; Design; Models and principles; Semantic modeling", } @Article{Gould:1985:CMD, author = "J. D. Gould and C. Lewis and V. Barnes", title = "Cursor Movement During Text Editing", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "22--34", month = jan, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Nine participants used a full-screen computer text editor (XEDIT) with an IBM 3277 terminal to edit marked-up documents at each of three cursor speeds (3.3, 4.7, and 11.0 cm/s). These speeds occur when a user continuously holds down an arrow key to move the cursor more than one character position (i.e., in repeat or typamatic mode). Results show that cursor speed did not seem to act as a pacing device for the entire editing task. Since cursor speed is a form of system response, this finding is in contrast with the generally found positive relation between system-response time and user-response time. Participants preferred the Fast cursor speed, however. Overall, more than one-third of all keystrokes were used to move the cursor. We estimate that 9-14 percent of editing time was spent controlling and moving the cursor, regardless of cursor speed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Computer-human interaction; Cursor; Engineering psychology; Experimentation; Human factors; Miscellaneous; Models and principles; Software; Software psychology; Terminal design; user interface; User/machine systems", } @Article{Hevner:1985:QOL, author = "A. R. Hevner and O. Q. Wu and S. B. Yao", title = "Query Optimization on Local Area Networks", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "35--62", month = jan, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Local area networks are becoming widely used as the database communication framework for sophisticated information systems. Databases can be distributed among stations on a network to achieve the advantages of performance, reliability, availability, and modularity. Efficient distributed query optimization algorithms are presented here for two types of local area networks: address ring networks and broadcast networks. Optimal algorithms are designed for simple queries. Optimization principles from these algorithms guide the development of effective heuristic algorithms for general queries on both types of networks. Several examples illustrate distributed query processing on local area networks.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Access schemes; Algorithms; Computer-communication networks; Database management; Design; Distr. databases; Distr. systems; Distributed query optimization; Distributed systems; Local networks; Query processing; Systems", } @Article{Weyer:1985:PEE, author = "S. A. Weyer and A. H. Borning", title = "A Prototype Electronic Encyclopedia", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "63--88", month = jan, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "We describe a prototype electronic encyclopedia implemented on a powerful personal computer, in which user interface, media presentation, and knowledge representation techniques are applied to improving access to a knowledge resource. In itself, an electronic encyclopedia is an important information resource, but this work also illustrates the issues and approaches for many types of electronic information retrieval environments. In the prototype we make dynamic use of the structure and semantics of the text articles and index of an existing encyclopedia, while experimenting with other forms of representation, such as simulation and videodisc images. We present a long- term vision of an intelligent user-interface agent; summarize previous work related to futuristic encyclopedias, electronic books, decision support systems, and knowledge libraries; and outline current and potential research directions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Electronic books; Experimentation; Human factors; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information browsing and viewing; Interactive simulations; Sys. and software; Videodiscs", } @Article{Kincaid:1985:ECO, author = "C. M. Kincaid and P. B. Dupont and A. R. Kaye", title = "Electronic Calendars in the Office: An Assessment of User Needs and Current Technology", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "89--102", month = jan, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Manufacturers of integrated electronic office systems have included electronic versions of the calendar in almost every system they offer. This paper describes a survey of office workers, carried out to examine their use both of paper calendars and of electronic calendars that are commercially available as part of integrated office systems. It assesses the degree to which electronic calendars meet the needs of users. Our survey shows that the simple paper calendar is a tool whose power and flexibility is matched by few, if any, of the current commercially available electronic calendars. Recommendations for features that should be included in electronic calendars and automatic schedulers are included.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Design; Electronic calendars; Electronic schedules; Human factors; Information systems applications; Models and principles; Office automation; Requirements/specifications; Software engineering; User preferences; User/machine systems", } @Article{Ballard:1985:EIO, author = "B. W. Ballard", title = "Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "105--106", month = apr, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Epstein:1985:TNL, author = "S. S. Epstein", title = "Transportable Natural Language Processing Through Simplicity --- The {PRE} System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "107--120", month = apr, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "PRE (Purposefully Restricted English) is a restricted English database query language whose implementation has addressed engineering goals, namely, habitability, interapplication transportability, performance, and use with a reliable database management system that supports large numbers of concurrent users and large databases. Habitability has not been demonstrated, but initial indications are encouraging. The other goals have clearly been achieved. The existence of the PRE system demonstrates that an explicitly ``minimalist'' approach to natural language processing can facilitate achievement of transportability.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Database management; Design; Distribution and maintenance; Extensibility; Habitability; Human factors; Information search and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Language parsing and understanding; Languages; Natural language processing; Office automation; Portability; Query formulation; Query languages; Representations; Retrieval models; Software engineering; Transportability", } @Article{Marsh:1985:TLS, author = "E. Marsh and C. Friedman", title = "Transporting the Linguistic String Project System from a Medical to a Navy Domain", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "121--140", month = apr, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The Linguistic String Project (LSP) natural language processing system has been developed as a domain-independent natural language processing system. Initially utilized for processing sets of medical messages and other texts in the medical domain, it has been used at the Naval Research Laboratory for processing Navy messages about shipboard equipment failures. This paper describes the structure of the LSP system and the features that make it transportable from one domain to another. The processing procedures encourage the isolation of domain-specific information, yet take advantage of the syntactic and semantic similarities between the medical and Navy domains. From our experience in transporting the LSP system, we identify the features that are required for transportable natural language systems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Human information processing; Language parsing and understanding; Languages; Models and principles; Natural language processing; Natural language understanding; Sublanguage analysis; Text analysis; Transportability; User/machine systems", } @Article{Hafner:1985:PSS, author = "C. D. Hafner and K. Godden", title = "Portability of Syntax and Semantics in Datalog", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "141--164", month = apr, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper presents a discussion of the techniques developed and problems encountered during the design, implementation, and experimental use of a portable natural language processor. Datalog (for ``database dialogue'') is an experimental natural language query system, which was designed to achieve a maximum degree of portability and extendability. Datalog uses a three-level architecture to provide both portability of syntax to new and extended tasks and portability of semantics to new database applications. The implementation of each of the three levels, the structures and conventions that control the interactions among them, and the way in which different aspects of the design contribute to portability are described. Finally, two specific, implemented examples are presented, showing how it was possible to transport or extend Datalog by changing only one ``layer'' of the system's knowledge and achieve correct processing of the extended input by the entire system.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Design; Frames and scripts; Inf. storage and retrieval; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Language models; Language parsing and understanding; Natural language interfaces; Natural language lexical structures; Natural language processing; Portability; Question-answering (fact-retrieval) systems; Semantic networks; Sys. and software", } @Article{Damerau:1985:PSS, author = "F. J. Damerau", title = "Problems and Some Solutions in Customization of Natural Language Database Front Ends", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "165--184", month = apr, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper is concerned with some of the issues arising in the development of a domain-independent English interface to IBM SQL-based program products. The TQA system falls into the class of multilayered natural language processing systems. As a result, there is a large number of potential points at which customization to a particular database can be done. Of these, we discuss procedures that affect the reader, the lexicon, the lowest level of grammar rules, the semantic interpreter, and the output formatter. Our tests lead us to believe that the approach we are taking will make it possible for database administrators to generate robust English interfaces to particular databases without help from linguistic experts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Database management; Human factors; Knowledge acquisition; Language understanding; Languages; Learning; Natural language interfaces; Natural language processing; Query languages", } @Article{Thompson:1985:ATH, author = "B. H. Thompson and F. B. Thompson", title = "{ASK} Is Transportable in Half a Dozen Ways", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "185--203", month = apr, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper is a discussion of the technical issues and solutions encountered in making the ASK System transportable. A natural language system can be ``transportable'' in a number of ways. Although transportability to a new domain is most prominent, other ways are also important if the system is to have viability in the commercial marketplace. On the one hand, transporting a system to a new domain may start with the system prior to adding any domain of knowledge and extend it to incorporate the new domain. On the other hand, one may wish to add to a system that already has knowledge of one domain the knowledge concerning a second domain, that is, to extend the system to cover this second domain. In the context of ASK, it has been natural to implement extending and then achieve transportability as a special case. In this paper, we consider six ways in which the ASK System can be extended to include new capabilities: -- to a new domain, -- to a new object type, -- to access data from a foreign database, -- to a new natural language, -- to a new programming language, -- to a new computer family. Special-purpose applications, such as those to accommodate standard office tasks, would make use of these various means of extension.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Data manipulation languages (DML); Database management; Design; Languages; Natural language; Natural language interfaces; Natural language processing; Transportability; User interface", } @Article{Slocum:1985:TOL, author = "J. Slocum and C. F. Justus", title = "Transportability to Other Languages: The Natural Language Processing Project in the {AI} Program at {MCC}", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "204--230", month = apr, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "We discuss a recently launched, long-term project in natural language processing, the primary concern of which is that natural language applications be transportable among human languages. In particular, we seek to develop system tools and linguistic processing techniques that are themselves language-independent to the maximum extent practical. In this paper we discuss our project goals and outline our intended approach, address some cross-linguistic requirements, and then present some new linguistic data that we feel support our approach.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Interlingual language models; Language generation; Language models; Language parsing and understanding; Languages; Multilingual language models; Natural language processing", } @Article{Allen:1985:EPM, author = "R. B. Allen", title = "Editorial: Processing Manuscripts Electronically", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "233--233", month = jul, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Dannenberg:1985:BPR, author = "R. B. Dannenberg and P. G. Hibbard", title = "A {Butler} Process for Resource Sharing on {Spice} Machines", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "234--252", month = jul, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A network of personal computers may contain a large amount of distributed computing resources. For a number of reasons it is desirable to share these resources, but sharing is complicated by issues of security and autonomy. A process known as the Butler addresses these problems and provides support for resource sharing. The Butler relies upon a capability-based accounting system called the Banker to monitor the use of local resources.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Access controls; Autonomy; Communications applications; Computer-communication networks; Design; Distributed applications; Distributed systems; Information systems applications; Negotiation; Network operating systems; Network protocols; Office automation; Operating systems; Organization and design; Personal computers; Process migration; Protocol architecture; Resource sharing; Security; Security and protection", } @Article{Heimbigner:1985:FAI, author = "D. Heimbigner and D. McLeod", title = "A Federated Architecture for Information Management", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "253--278", month = jul, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "An approach to the coordinated sharing and interchange of computerized information is described emphasizing partial, controlled sharing among autonomous databases. Office information systems provide a particularly appropriate context for this type of information sharing and exchange. A federated database architecture is described in which a collection of independent database systems are united into a loosely coupled federation in order to share and exchange information. A federation consists of components (of which there may be any number) and a single federal dictionary. The components represent individual users, applications, workstation, or other components in an office information system. The federal dictionary is a specialized component that maintains the topology of the federation and oversees the entry of new components. Each component in the federation controls its interactions with other components by means of an export schema and an import schema. The export schema specifies the information that a component will share with other components, while the import schema specifies the nonlocal information that a component wishes to manipulate. The federated architecture provides mechanisms for sharing data, for sharing transactions (via message types) for combining information from several components, and for coordinating activities among autonomous components (via negotiation). A prototype implementation of the federated database mechanism is currently operational on an experimental basis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Algorithms; Data models; Database management; Design; Distributed information management; Distributed systems; Federated databases; Information systems applications; Languages; Logical design; Management; Office automation; Office information systems; Schema and subschema; Systems", } @Article{Thoma:1985:PSE, author = "G. R. Thoma and S. Suthasinekul and F. L. Walker and J. Cookson and M. Rashidian", title = "A Prototype System for the Electronic Storage and Retrieval of Document Images", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "279--291", month = jul, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A prototype system has been implemented for electronic scanning, digitization, storage, retrieval, and display of images of biomedical documents. Paper documents are scanned and digitized at a scan density of 200 picture elements (pels) per inch by either a high-speed loose-leaf scanner with an automatic document transport or a book scanner with a manual book holder. Each scanner employs a high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) linear array operating at a sampling rate close to 10 MHz. The analog output signal of the CCD array is digitized into 1 bit per pixel two-tone images by means of dynamic thresholding. The digitized images are stored on magnetic disks to be processed and will eventually be transferred onto optical disks for archival storage. Existing on-line bibliographic databases developed by the National Library of Medicine are used as directories for the retrieval of document images. These images are displayed at a resolution of 200 pels/inch in both soft-copy (raster-refreshed CRT) and hard-copy forms. This prototype system, developed as part of a research and development program, offers the opportunity to investigate the areas of document image enhancement, image compression, and omnifont text recognition and to conduct experiments designed to answer key questions on the role of electronic document storage and retrieval technology in library information processing and the preservation of library documents.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Computer applications; Design; Document retrieval systems; Documentation; Equipment; Inf. storage; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information search and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Library automation; Library science; Life and medical sciences; Medical information systems; Office automation; Systems and software", } @Article{Harris:1985:DIT, author = "S. E. Harris and H. J. Brightman", title = "Design Implications of a Task-Driven Approach to Unstructured Cognitive Tasks in Office Work", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "292--306", month = jul, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Previous research in modeling office activities has been primarily oriented toward office work that is structured and organized. In this paper we report on efforts to develop a new methodology for needs assessment evaluation. We use the Critical Task Method to identify the ``bottleneck cognitive tasks'' of principals with an unstructured work profile. Data were collected on the computer-support needs of faculty researchers, and the finding indicate that a ``knowledge-based'' design offers the most promise for delivering effective support. In addition, the systems design suggests the integration of text, data, voice, and images.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Decision support; Design; Inf. systems applications; Management; Management of computing and information systems; Methodology; Models of work; Office automation; Problem solving; Project and people management; System analysis and design; Tools; Types of systems", } @Article{Nicholson:1985:UPI, author = "R. T. Nicholson", title = "Usage Patterns in an Integrated Voice and Data Communications System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "307--314", month = jul, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Recently, office communication systems have begun to integrate voice recordings into their mail and data communications facilities. The study of usage patterns on one such system shows that voice is used for informal, person-to-person communications, as opposed to the formal content of typed messages. Voice messages are generally sent to fewer recipients (often only one), and sometimes replace face-to-face meetings.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communications applications; Design; Electronic mail; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Information systems applications; Models and principles; Office automation; User/machine systems; Voice communications", } @Article{Biermann:1985:ISP, author = "A. W. Biermann and L. Fineman and K. C. Gilbert", title = "An Imperative Sentence Processor for Voice Interactive Office Applications", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "321--346", month = oct, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "An imperative sentence processor that enables a user to manipulate text with connected speech and touch-graphics input is described. The processor includes capabilities to follow dialogue focus, execute a variety of imperative commands, and handle nested noun groups, pronouns, and other phenomena. A micromodel of the system, giving enough of the structure to enable the reader to observe internal mechanisms in considerable detail, is included. This processor is designed to be transportable to a number of other office automation domains such as calendar management, message-passing, and desk calculation. Various examples and statistics related to its behavior in the text manipulation application are given. The system has been implemented in PASCAL and can run on any machine that supports this language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Computational linguistics; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Language models; Language parsing and understanding; Languages; Natural language processing; Office automation; Speech recognition and understanding; Text editing; Text processing; Voice interactive systems; Word processing", } @Article{Peels:1985:DAT, author = "A. J. H. M. Peels and N. J. M. Janssen and W. Nawijn", title = "Document Architecture and Text Formatting", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "347--369", month = oct, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The formalization of the architecture of documents and text formatting are the central issues of this paper. Besides a fundamental and theoretical approach toward these topics, and overview is presented of the COBATEF system. The COBATEF system is a context-based text formatting system, for which a software, as well as a hardware, implementation is available. A unique feature of the system is its automatic text-element recognition mechanism, which is context based and consequently takes advantage of the implicit structure of text. A predefined layout for each type of text element then opens the way for a fully automatic text-processing system in which user control information can be reduced to an absolute minimum.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Automatic text element recognition; Design; Document architecture; Document preparation; Formatting; Inf. systems applications; Information streams; Languages; Management; Natural language processing; Office automation; Text analysis; Text processing; Typesetting", } @Article{Panko:1985:PTC, author = "R. R. Panko", title = "Productivity Trends in Certain Office-Intensive Sectors of the {U.S.} Federal Government", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "370--379", month = oct, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "It is often said that office productivity is virtually stagnant, increasing only about 4 percent every 10 years. The methodology used to estimate this 4 percent figure is examined and found to be inaccurate! There is no known way to estimated overall national office productivity trends. Productivity trends in a single part of the economy, however, can be examined, namely, office-intensive sectors of the U.S. federal government. Productivity in these sectors is found to be anything but stagnant, having increased 1.7 percent annually from 1967 to 1981 and 3.0 percent annually from 1977 through 1981.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Computers and society; Economics; General; Labor productivity; Measurement; Office productivity; Organizational impacts; Performance", } @Article{Buchman:1985:DFA, author = "C. Buchman and D. M. Berry and J. Gonczarowski", title = "{DITROFF\slash FFORTID}, An Adaptation of the {UNIX DITROFF} for Formatting Bidirectional Text", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "380--397", month = oct, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "DITROFF\slash FFORTID, a collection of pre- and postprocessors for the UNIX DITROFF (Device Independent Typesetter RunOFF) is described. DITROFF\slash FFORTID permits formatting of text involving a mixture of languages written from left to right and from right to left, such as English and Hebrew. The programs are table driven or macro-generated to permit them to be used for any languages written from left to right and from right to left so long as fonts with the proper character sets can be mounted on a typesetting device supported by DITROFF. The preprocessors are set up to permit phonetic, unidirectional input of all of the alphabets needed using only the two alphabets (each case counts as an alphabet) available on the input device. These macro-generated preprocessors can be adjusted to the user's pronunciation, the language's rules about a letter's form, depending on its position in the word, and the language of the user's input keyboard. The postprocessor is set up to properly change direction of formatting when the text switches to a language written in a different direction. The collection of programs is also designed to allow use of any of DITROFF's preprocessors, such as PIC, EQN, TBL and the various device drivers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Bidirectional formatting; Bidirectional text; Design; Document preparation; Format and notation; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Languages; Macro; Office automation; Postprocessor; Preprocessor; Text processing; Word processing", } @Article{King:1985:ECA, author = "R. King and C. Stanley", title = "Ensuring the Court Admissibility of Computer-Generated Records", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "398--412", month = oct, year = "1985", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "An informal methodology is described for optimizing the likelihood of computer-generated records being admissible in a U.S. court of law. This methodology is intended for individuals who are converting to automated office procedures, as well as for those whose businesses are already highly computerized. However, this paper does not purport to be a formal legal guide; rather, it is intended as an overview of this issue.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Administrative data processing; Computer applications; Evidence; Law; Legal aspects; Records", } @Article{Trigg:1986:TNB, author = "Randall H. Trigg and Mark Weiser", title = "{TEXTNET}: {A} Network-Based Approach to Text Handling", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "1--23", month = jan, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Textnet is a new system for structuring text. The Textnet approach uses one uniform data structure to capture graphlike pools of text, as well as embedded hierarchical structures. By using a semantic network formalism of nodes connected by typed links, the relationships between neighboring pieces of text are made explicit. Also described is our partial implementation of the Textnet approach, which makes use of an object-oriented window\slash menu-driven user interface. Users peruse the network by moving among object menus or by reading text along a path through the network. In addition, critiquing, reader linking, searching, and jumping are easily accessible operations. Finally, the results of a short trial with users are presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA", classification = "461; 723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Content analysis and indexing; document preparation; Document preparation; Experimentation; human engineering; Human factors; Hypertext systems; Inf. storage and retrieval; information retrieval systems; information science --- Indexing; Information search and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Languages; Management; Models and principles; office automation; Office automation; Online information services; semantic networks; Semantic networks; Systems and software; Text processing; User/machine systems", } @Article{Donahue:1986:WGD, author = "James Donahue and Jennifer Widom", title = "Whiteboards: {A} Graphical Database Tool", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "24--41", month = jan, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The `Whiteboards' system is intended to be an electronic equivalent of the whiteboards and corkboards that we have in our offices. A Whiteboard database has similar qualities of storing disparate collections of data and saving their spatial location in a window to help with organization. A Whiteboard database can contain references to arbitrary entities: text files, notes, programs, tools, pictures, etc. Whiteboards runs as an application in the Cedar programming environment developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Xerox Corp, Palo Alto, CA, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications; database systems; information retrieval systems; office automation; programming environment", } @Article{Jones:1986:SMU, author = "William P. Jones and Susan T. Dumais", title = "The Spatial Metaphor for User Interfaces: Experimental Tests of Reference by Location versus Name", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "42--63", month = jan, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The accuracy of spatial versus symbolic reference was assessed in three experiments. In Experiment 1 accuracy of location reference in a location-only filing condition was initially comparable to that in a name-only condition, but deteriorated much more rapidly with increases in the number of objects filed. In Experiment 2 subjects placed objects in a two-dimensional space containing landmarks (drawings of a desk, table, filing cabinets, etc. ) designed to evoke an office metaphor, and in Experiment 3 subjects placed objects in an actual, three-dimensional mock office. Neither of these enhancements served to improve significantly the accuracy of location reference, and performance remained below that of a name-only condition in Experiment 1. The results raise questions about the utility of spatial metaphor over symbolic filing and highlight the need for continuing research in which considerations of technological and economic feasibility are balanced by considerations of psychological utility.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Bell Communications Research", classification = "461; 722; 723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "computer interfaces; computer-human interaction; Computer-human interaction; Experimentation; File organization; human engineering; Human factors; Human information processing; information retrieval systems; Information storage; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Management; Models and principles; office automation; Office automation; Performance; Personal filing systems; Spatial representation; User interface; User/machine systems", } @Article{Martin:1986:CLR, author = "P. Martin and D. Tsichritzis", title = "Complete Logical Routings in Computer Mail Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "64--80", month = jan, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The logical routing of a message in a computer mail system involves the identification and location of the set of intended recipients for that message. This function is carried out by the naming and addressing mechanism of the mail system. An important property of that mechanism is that it should be able to identify and locate all the intended recipients of a message, so that, once submitted, a message will not become lost or stuck in the system. We first discuss message addressing schemes, which are a framework for dealing with the naming and addressing problem. Message addressing schemes can also serve as a basis for the analysis of some of the properties of logical message routing within a system. We examine the conditions necessary for a complete message addressing scheme, that is, one that guarantees to deliver all possible messages.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Queen's Univ, Kingston, Ont, Can", classification = "718; 722; 723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "computer networks; computer systems; digital --- Distributed; distributed systems; electronic mail; message systems", } @Article{Bui:1986:CDC, author = "T. X. Bui and M. Jarke", title = "Communications Design for {Co-oP}: {A} Group Decision Support System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "81--103", month = apr, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Decision Support Systems (DSSs), computer-based systems intended to assist managers in preparing and analyzing decisions, have been single-user systems for most of the past decade. Only recently has DSS research begun to study the implications of the fact that most complex managerial decisions involve multiple decision makers and analysts. A number of tools for facilitating group decisions have been proposed under the label Group Decision Support Systems (GDSSs). One of the most important functions of a GDSS is to provide problem-oriented services for communication among decision makers. On the basis of an analysis of the communication requirements in various group decision settings, this paper presents an architecture for defining and enforcing dynamic application-level protocols that organize decision group interaction. The architecture has been implemented on a network of personal computers in Co-oP, a GDSS for cooperative group decision making based on interactive, multiple-criteria decision methods.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Communication design; Communications applications; Computer-communication networks; Cooperative work; Decision support; Design; Distributed applications; Distributed systems; Group decision making; Human factors; Information systems applications; Management; Models and principles; Negotiation; Network protocols; Office automation; Operating systems; Organization and design; Types of systems; User/machine systems", } @Article{Ho:1986:SMO, author = "C.-S. Ho and Y.-C. Hong and T.-S. Kuo", title = "A Society Model for Office Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "104--131", month = apr, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A society model, which characterizes the behavior and procedure of offices, is proposed. It is our belief that an office system capable of dealing with all real office problems only through the modeling of the internal behavior of an office can be developed. In this society model, office entities are viewed as agents. An agent is modeled as a microsociety of interacting knowledge sources. Within the microsociety, there exists a microknowledge exchange system, which provides a set of microknowledge exchange protocols as a coordination system among those knowledge sources during their cooperative reasoning process. An office is then modeled as a society of various interacting agents using their knowledge to complete the office goals cooperatively. It is this unified view that allows offices to be modeled in a flexible and general way.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Computer-communication networks; Design; Distributed applications; Distributed problem solving; Distributed systems; Human factors; Information systems applications; Knowledge exchange protocols; Knowledge messages; Management; Miscellaneous; Models and principles; Network protocols; Office automation; Office modeling; Office systems; Protocol architecture", } @Article{Hudson:1986:GDM, author = "S. E. Hudson and R. King", title = "A Generator of Direct Manipulation Office Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "132--163", month = apr, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A system for generating direct manipulation office systems is described. In these systems, the user directly manipulates graphical representations of office entities instead of dealing with these entities abstractly through a command language or menu system. These systems employ a new semantic data model to describe office entities. New techniques based on attribute grammars and incremental attribute evaluation are used to implement this data model in an efficient manner. In addition, the system provides a means of generating sophisticated graphics-based user interfaces that are integrated with the underlying semantic model. Finally, the generated systems contain a general user reversal and recovery (or undo) mechanism that allows them to be much more tolerant of human errors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Application development tools; Computer graphics; Data models; Database management; Design; Direct manipulation; Graphical user interfaces; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Interaction techniques; Languages; Logical design; Management; Methodology and techniques; Office automation; Semantic models", } @Article{Motro:1986:BBR, author = "A. Motro", title = "{BAROQUE}: {A} Browser for Relational Databases", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "164--181", month = apr, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The standard, most efficient method to retrieve information from databases can be described as systematic retrieval: The needs of the user are described in a formal query, and the database management system retrieves the data promptly. There are several situations, however, in which systematic retrieval is difficult or even impossible. In such situations exploratory search (browsing) is a helpful alternative. This paper describes a new user interface, called BAROQUE, that implements exploratory searches in relational databases. BAROQUE requires few formal skills from its users. It does not assume knowledge of the principles of the relational data model or familiarity with the organization of the particular database being accessed. It is especially helpful when retrieval targets are vague or cannot be specified satisfactorily. BAROQUE establishes a view of the relational database that resembles a semantic network, and provides several intuitive functions for scanning it. The network integrates both schema and data, and supports access by value. BAROQUE can be implemented on top of any basic relational database management system but can be modified to take advantage of additional capabilities and enhancements often present in relational systems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Browsing; Data models; Database; Database management; Design; Exploratory search; Human factors; Information search and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval; Languages; Logical design; Query languages; Relational database; Retrieval models; User interface", } @Article{Hewitt:1986:EIS, author = "C. Hewitt and S. B. Zdonik", title = "{Editors}' Introduction: Special Issue", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "183--184", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Woo:1986:SDO, author = "Carson C. Woo and Frederick H. Lochovsky", title = "Supporting Distributed Office Problem Solving in Organizations", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "185--204", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "To improve the effectiveness of office workers in their decision making, office systems have been built to support (rather than replace) their judgment. However, these systems model office work in a centralized environment, and\slash or they can only support a single office worker. Office work that is divided into specialized domains handled by different office workers (where cooperation is needed in order to accomplish the work) is not supported. In this paper, we will present a model that supports office problem solving in a logically distributed environment. (In some systems, information is geographically distributed for performance purposes rather than for conceptual need. The term, logically, is therefore used to indicate the logical need of organizing information without having to worry about the physical location of the information). In particular, cooperative tools that can be used to support office workers during the process of their problem solving is discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Can", classification = "718; 721; 722; 723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications; artificial intelligence --- Expert Systems; computer networks; computers; digital --- Data Communication Systems; electronic mail; management --- Information Systems; office automation; office communication", } @Article{Gasser:1986:ICR, author = "Les Gasser", title = "The Integration of Computing and Routine Work", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "205--225", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Most computing serves as a resource or tool to support other work: performing complex analyses for engineering projects, preparing documents, or sending electronic mail using office automation equipment, etc. To improve the character, quality, and ease of computing work, we must understand how automated systems actually are integrated into the work they support. How do people actually adapt to computing a resource? How do they deal with the unreliability in hardware, software, or operations; data inaccuracy; system changes; poor documentation; inappropriate designs; etc.; which are present in almost every computing milieu, even where computing a widely used and considered highly successful? This paper presents some results of a detailed empirical study of routine computer use in several organizations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Administrative data processing; Articulation work; Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Applications; business; computer software; Computing and work; Computing in organizations; Control methods and search; data processing; Distribution and maintenance; Human factors; Integration of computing; knowledge representation; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Management; management --- Information Systems; Management of computing and information systems; Manufacturing; Models and principles; Multiagent systems; Problem solving; Social analysis of computing; Software engineering; Software Engineering; Software engineering; user/machine systems; User/machine systems; Workarounds", } @Article{Davison:1986:VID, author = "Jay W. Davison and Stanley B. Zdonik", title = "A Visual Interface for a Database with Version Management", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "226--256", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper describes a graphical interface to an experimental database system which incorporates a built-in version control mechanism that maintains a history of the database development and changes. The system is an extension of ISIS, Interface for a Semantic Information System, a workstation-based, graphical database programming tool developed at Brown University. ISIS supports a graphical interface to a modified subset of the Semantic Data Model (SDM). The ISIS extension introduces a transaction mechanism that interacts with the version control facilities. A series of version control support tools have been added to ISIS to provide a notion of history to user-created databases. The user can form new versions of three types of ISIS objects: a class definition object (a type), the set of instances of a class (the content), and an entity. A version-viewing mechanism is provided to allow for the comparison of various object versions. Database operations are grouped together in atomic units to form transactions, which are stored as entities in the database. A sample session demonstrates the capabilities of version and transaction control during the creation and manipulation of database objects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Bell Lab, USA", classification = "461; 723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Data models; Database management; database systems; Design; Historical database; human engineering; Human factors; Information systems applications; Languages; Logical design; management --- Information Systems; Models and principles; office automation; Office automation; semantic data model; Semantic data model; Transaction processing; user/machine systems; User/machine systems; Version control; Visual interfaces", } @Article{Gerson:1986:ADP, author = "Elihu M. Gerson and Susan Leigh Star", title = "Analyzing Due Process in the Workplace", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "257--270", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Every office is an open system, and the products of office work are the result of decentralized negotiations. Changing patterns of task organization and alliance inevitably give rise to inconsistent knowledge bases and procedures. This implies that there are no globally correct answers to problems addressed by OISs. Rather, systems must deal with multiple competing, possibly irreconcilable, solutions. Articulating alternative solutions is the problem of due process. This problem and its consequences are illustrated by a case study of a rate-setting group in a large health insurance firm. There is no formal solution to the problem of due process. But it must be solved in practice if distributed intelligent OISs are to be developed. We propose an alternative approach based on the work of social scientists concerned with analyzing analogous problems in human organization. Solution of the due process problem hinges on developing local closures to the problem faced by an organization. This means analyzing (a) local, tacit knowledge and its transfer ability; (b) articulation work, that is, reconciling incommensurate assumptions and procedures.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Tremont Research Inst, San Francisco, CA, USA", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Applications; Centralization/decentralization; Design; General; Human factors; Information Systems; knowledge representation; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; management; Management of computing and information systems; Models and principles; office automation; Project and people management; Sys. and information theory; System management; Systems analysis and design; Systems development; systems development", } @Article{Hewitt:1986:OOS, author = "Carl Hewitt", title = "Offices Are Open Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "271--287", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the Conference on Office Information Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper is intended as a contribution to analysis of the implications of viewing offices as open systems. It takes a prescriptive stance on how to establish the information-processing foundations for taking action and making decisions in office work from an open systems perspective. We propose due process as a central activity in organizational information processing. Computer systems are beginning to play important roles in mediating the ongoing activities of organizations. We expect that these roles will gradually increase in importance as computer systems take on more of the authority and responsibility for ongoing activities. At the same time we expect computer systems to acquire more of the characteristics and structure of human organizations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Applications; computer systems programming --- Multiprocessing Programs; concurrent programming; Concurrent programming; Control methods and search; Debate; Decision making; Due process; Formation; Generation; knowledge representation; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Language classifications; Logic; Management; management --- Information Systems; Microtheories; Negotiation; office automation; Offices; Open systems; Operating systems; Plan execution; Problem solving; problem solving; Programming languages; Programming techniques; Reliability; Very high-level languages", } @Article{Hauzeur:1986:MNA, author = "Bernard M. Hauzeur", title = "A Model for Naming, Addressing, and Routing", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "293--311", month = oct, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Naming and addressing are areas in which there is still a need for clarification. Many definitions for names, addresses, and routes have been proposed, but the exact relations among these concepts are obscure. A taxonomy of names, addresses, and routes is presented. First, we identify names and routes as the essential concepts of communication. Then, addresses are introduced as an intermediate form that eases the process of mapping between names and routes; an original definition of an address is thus proposed. Relations among names, addresses, and routes are explained with the concept of mapping. On this basis, a general model relating names, addresses, and routes is built and then applied recursively throughout a layered architecture, leading to a layered naming and addressing model which may play the same role for naming and addressing features that the OSI reference model plays for the definition of services and protocols. Finally, the model is particularized to a typical network architecture. The model may also be applied to non-OSI layered systems; naming, addressing, and routing issues in any network architecture could be a particular instance of this layered model.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Li{\`e}ge, Li{\`e}ge, Belg", classification = "718; 723; 902", journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Addresses; computer networks; Computer-communication networks; computer-communication networks; computers; Design; digital --- Data Communication Systems; General; Layered architecture; Mapping names; Network architecture and design; open systems interconnection (osi); OSI model; Routes; routing; Standardization; Standards; Theory", } @Article{Motro:1986:SMV, author = "Amihai Motro", title = "{SEAVE}: {A} Mechanism for Verifying User Presuppositions in Query Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "312--330", month = oct, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Every information system incorporates a database component, and a frequent activity of users of information systems is to present it with queries. These queries reflect the presuppositions of their authors about the system and the information it contains. With most query processors, queries that are based on erroneous presuppositions often result in null answers. These fake nulls are misleading, since they do not point out the user's erroneous presuppositions (and can even be interpreted as their affirmation). This article describes the SEAVE mechanism for extracting presuppositions from queries and verifying their correctness. The verification is done against three repositories of information: the actual data, their integrity constraints, and their completeness assertions. Consequently, queries that reflect erroneous presuppositions are answered with informative messages instead of null answers, and user-system communication is thus improved (an aspect that is particularly important in systems that often are accessed by naive users). First, the principles of SEAVE are described abstractly. Then, specific algorithms for implementing it with relational databases are presented, including a new method for sorting knowledge and an efficient algorithm for processing queries against the knowledge.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA", classification = "722; 723; 903", journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Cooperative user interface; Database; Database completeness; database integrity; Database integrity; Database management; database systems; Design; Erroneous presupposition; Human factors; Inf. storage and retrieval; information retrieval systems --- Computer Interfaces; Information search and retrieval; Languages; Query failure; Query generalization; Query processing; query systems; Relational; Relational database; Retrieval models; Sys.", } @Article{Hirschheim:1986:UOS, author = "R. A. Hirschheim", title = "Understanding the Office: {A} Social-Analytic Perspective", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "331--344", month = oct, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "In order to apply office automation in a meaningful fashion, it is apparent that some understanding of the office is necessary. Most descriptive studies of the office have placed great emphasis on manifest office actions, suggesting that offices are the embodiment of these actions. The meanings of these actions or tasks, however, have been given scant attention. There exist a number of office activity or task taxonomies, but they do little more than provide a simple and limited structure through which to conceive of an office. From a social-analytic perspective this appears to be overly simplistic and misses the richness of social action in an office. Focusing on the overt and manifest aspects of the office may very well lead to its misrepresentation. This paper takes a critical look at the way offices are conceived in the office automation literature and suggests alternatives that may provide a better understanding of the real functions of an office.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Oxford Univ, Oxford, Engl", classification = "461; 723; 901; 912", journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "computers and society; Computers and society; Human Factors; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; management --- Information Systems; Models and principles; office automation; Office automation; Office automation systems development; Office perspectives; Office views; Organizational impacts; Public policy issues; Social issues; technology --- Economic and Sociological Effects; Theory; User/machine systems", } @Article{Christodoulakis:1986:MDP, author = "S. Christodoulakis and M. Theodoridou and F. Ho and M. Papa and A. Pathria", title = "Multimedia Document Presentation, Information Extraction, and Document Formation in {MINOS}: {A} Model and a System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "345--383", month = oct, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Minos is an object-oriented multimedia information system that provides integrated facilities for creating and managing complex multimedia objects. In this paper the model for multimedia documents supported by MINOS and its implementation is described. Described in particular are functions provided in MINOS that exploit the capabilities of a modern workstation equipped with image and voice input-output devices to accomplish an active multimedia document presentation and browsing within documents. These functions are powerful enough to support a variety of office applications. Also described are functions provided for the extraction of information from multimedia documents that exist in a large repository of information (multimedia document archiver) and functions that select and transform this information. Facilities for information sharing among objects of the archiver are described; an interactive multimedia editor that is used for the extraction and interactive creation of new information is outlined; finally, a multimedia document formatter that is used to synthesize a new multimedia document from extracted and interactively generated information is presented. This prototype system runs on a SUN-3 workstation running UNIX(TRADE MARK). An Instavox, directly addressable, analog device is used to store voice segments.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont, Can", classification = "461; 722; 723; 903", journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "computer interfaces --- Human Factors; Design; Evaluation; Human factors; Images; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information browsing; information retrieval systems; Management; multimedia document models; object-oriented information systems; Object-oriented systems; office automation; Office databases; Optical disks; Sys. and software; Text access methods; Viewing; Voice", } @Article{Lochovsky:1987:EIS, author = "F. H. Lochovsky", title = "Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "1--2", month = jan, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Banerjee:1987:DMI, author = "Jay Banerjee and Hong-Tai Chou and Jorge F. Garza and Won Kim and Darrell Woelk and Nat Ballou and Hyoung-Joo Kim", title = "Data Model Issues for Object-Oriented Applications", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "3--26", month = jan, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Presented in this paper is the data model for ORION, a prototype database system that adds persistence and shareability to objects created and manipulated in object-oriented applications. The ORION data model consolidates and modifies a number of major concepts found in many object-oriented systems, such as objects, classes, class lattice, methods, and inheritance. These concepts are reviewed and three major enhancements to the conventional object-oriented data model, namely, scheme evolution, composite objects, and versions, are elaborated upon.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "MCC, Austin, TX, USA", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Composite object; Data models; data models; Database management; database systems; Design; Human information processing; human information processing; Information systems applications; Logical design; management --- Information Systems; Models and principles; object oriented languages; Object-oriented database; Office automation; office automation; Schema evolution; Theory; User/machine systems; Version management", } @Article{Purdy:1987:IOS, author = "Alan Purdy and Bruce Schuchardt and David Maier", title = "Integrating an Object Server with Other Worlds", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "27--47", month = jan, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "During the last three years a team at Servio designed and implemented an object-oriented database server (or object server) called GemStone. GemStone delivers to application developers a database subsystem with a Smalltalk-like object model instead of one of the more traditional record-oriented models (e. g., relational, hierarchical). This object model allows applications to manage information (e. g., documents, pictures, sound) not easily handled by more traditional database systems. The design presented in this paper succeeds at meeting many of the goals for a seamless integration of GemStone with Smalltalk, especially if an application can live with the default behavior of proxies. For those designers not content with the efficiency of the resulting application, this design provides a reasonable factoring to allow incremental tuning by creation of custom deputies. The deputy model allows easy experimentation of alternative cache management strategies. The authors suspect that once the major classes supplied with GemStone have pretuned Smalltalk deputies, this custom tuning process should not be a difficult chore.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Servio Logic Development Corp, Beaverton, OR, USA", classification = "718; 721; 722; 723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Abstract data types; abstract data types; computer networks --- Applications; computer programming languages; computer systems; Computer-communication networks; computer-communication networks; computers; Data Communication Systems; Data models; Database management; database systems; Design; digital; digital --- Distributed; Distr. applications; Distr. systems; GemStone; gemstone; General; Language constructs; Languages; Logical design; Object server; Object-oriented environment; Programming languages; Smalltalk-80; Systems", } @Article{Fishman:1987:IOO, author = "D. H. Fishman and D. Beech and H. P. Cate and E. C. Chow and T. Connors and J. W. Davis and N. Derrett and C. G. Hoch and W. Kent and P. Lyngbaek and B. Mahbod and M. A. Neimat and T. A. Ryan and M. C. Shan", title = "{Iris}: An Object-Oriented Database Management System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "48--69", month = jan, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The Iris database management system is a research prototype of a next-generation database management system (DBMS) intended to meet the needs of new and emerging database applications, including office information and knowledge-based systems, engineering test and measurement, and hardware and software design. Iris is exploring a rich set of new database capabilities required by these applications, including rich data-modeling constructs, direct database support for inference, novel and extensive data types, for example, to support graphic images, voice, text, vectors, and matrices, support for long transactions spanning minutes to many days, and multiple versions of data. These capabilities are, in addition to the usual support for permanence of data, controlled sharing, backup, and recovery.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Hewlett--Packard Lab, Palo Alto, CA, USA", classification = "723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Abstract data types; Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Applications; computer programming languages --- Design; Data description language (DDL); data description languages (ddl); Data manipulation language (DML); data manipulation languages (dml); Data models; Data types and structures; Database management; database systems; Iris DBMS; knowledge representation; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Language constructs; Languages; LISP; Logical design; object-oriented databases; Object-oriented DBMS; OSQL persistent objects; Programming languages; Programming languages and software; Query languages; Query processing; Relation systems; Representation languages; Semantic networks; SQL; Systems; Transaction processing", } @Article{Hornick:1987:SSM, author = "Mark F. Hornick and Stanley B. Zdonik", title = "A Shared, Segmented Memory System for an Object-Oriented Database", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "70--95", month = jan, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper describes the basic data model of an object-oriented database and the basic architecture of the system implementing it. In particular, a secondary storage segmentation scheme and a transaction-processing scheme are discussed. The segmentation scheme allows for arbitrary clustering of objects, including duplicates. The transaction scheme allows for many different sharing protocols ranging from those that enforce serializability to those that are nonserializable and require communication with the server only on demand. The interaction of these two features is described such that segment-level transfer and object-level locking is achieved.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Brown Univ, Providence, RI, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Abstract data types; Asynchronous communication; business --- File Organization; CAD transaction processing; Clustering; computer programming languages; data models; Data models; data processing; Data types and structures; Database management; database systems; Deadlock avoidance; Design; Distributed systems; Experimentation; File organization; information retrieval systems --- Design; Information search and retrieval; Information storage; Information storage and retrieval; Language constructs; Languages; Locking; Modules and packages; Object clustering; Object server; Object-oriented databases; object-oriented databases; Operating systems; Performance; Physical design; Programming languages; Retrieval models; Segmentation; segmented memory systems; Storage management; Systems; Transaction processing; Virtual memory", } @Article{Tsichritzis:1987:KKA, author = "D. Tsichritzis and E. Fiume and S. Gibbs and O. Nierstrasz", title = "{KNOs}: {KNowledge} Acquisition, Dissemination, and Manipulation Objects", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "96--112", month = jan, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Most object-oriented systems lack two useful facilities: the ability of objects to migrate to new environments and the ability to acquire new operations dynamically. This paper proposes Knos, an object-oriented environment that supports these actions. Knos's operations, data structures, and communication mechanisms are discussed. Knos objects `learn' by exporting and importing new or modified operations. The use of such objects as intellectual support tools is outlined. In particular, various applications involving cooperation, negotiation, and apprenticeship among objects are described.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ de Geneve, Geneva, Switz", classification = "723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Applications; computer programming languages --- Design; computer systems programming; Concurrent programming; concurrent programming; data processing --- Data Structures; Data types and structures; Design; distributed knowledge; Distributed knowledge; Information systems applications; knowledge acquisition; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Language constructs; Languages; Messages; Multiprocessing Programs; object-oriented systems; Objects; Office and application support tools; office automation; Office automation; Programming languages; Programming techniques", } @Article{Grief:1987:EIS, author = "I. Grief and C. Ellis", title = "Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "113--114", month = apr, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Malone:1987:SMS, author = "Thomas W. Malone and Kenneth R. Grant and Kum-Yew Lai and Ramana Rao and David Rosenblitt", title = "Semistructured Messages are Surprisingly Useful for Computer-Supported Coordination", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "115--131", month = apr, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper argues that using a set of semistructured message templates is surprisingly helpful in designing a variety of computer-based communication and coordination systems. Semistructured messages can help provide automatic aids for (1) composing messages to be sent, (2) selecting, sorting, and prioritizing messages that are received, (3) responding automatically to some messages, and (4) suggesting likely responses to other messages. The use of these capabilities is illustrated in a range of applications including electronic mail, computer conferencing, calendar management, and task tracking. The applications show how ideas from artificial intelligence (such as inheritance and production rules) and ideas from user interface design (such as interactive graphical editors) can be combined in novel ways for dealing with semistructural messages. The final part of the paper discusses how communities can evolve a useful set of message type definitions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence; Artificial intelligence; Communications applications; computer conferencing; computer-supported cooperative work; Computer-supported cooperative work; Content analysis and indexing; Data description languages (DDL); Data models; Database management; Design; Distributed systems; Document preparation; Economics; electronic mail; Format and notation; Frames and scripts; Human factors; information lens; Information Lens; information retrieval systems; information science; information sharing; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Languages; Logical design; Management; Models and principles; Office automation; office automation; Office automation; Representations; Schema and subschema; semistructured messages; Semistructured messages; Systems; Systems and software; teleconferencing; Text processing; User/machine systems", } @Article{Cook:1987:PNM, author = "Peter Cook and Clarence Ellis and Mike Graf and Gail Rein and Tom Smith", title = "{Project Nick}: Meetings Augmentation and Analysis", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "132--146", month = apr, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The Software Technology Program of MCC is investigating the early part of the design process, before requirements are established, for large-scale distributed systems. Face-to-face meetings are an important activity during this phase of a project since they provide a medium for direction, exploration, and consensus building. Project Nick is attempting to apply automated facilities to the process, conduct, and semantic capture of design meetings. Primary topics covered in this paper are meeting analysis, meeting augmentation, and a model of meeting progression that serves as the framework for our work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "MCC Technology Corp, Austin, TX, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "computer software; Conferences design; conferences design; Conversations; Decision support; decision support; Design; Electronic blackboard; electronic blackboard; Facilitation; General; information science; Information systems applications; Management; Meeting augmentation; Models and principles; Models of meetings; Presentation; Semantic capture; semantic capture; Software engineering; software technology program; teleconferencing; Types of systems; User/machine systems", } @Article{Stefik:1987:WRE, author = "M. Stefik and D. G. Borrow and G. Foster and S. Lanning and D. Tatar", title = "{WYSIWIS} Revised: Early Experiences with Multiuser Interfaces", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "147--167", month = apr, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "WYSIWIS (What You See Is What I See) is a foundational abstraction for multiuser interfaces that expresses may of the characteristics of a chalkboard in face-to-face meetings. In its strictest interpretation, it means that everyone can also see the same written information and also see where anyone else is pointing. In our attempts to build software support for collaboration in meetings, we have discovered that WYSIWIS is crucial, yet too inflexible when strictly enforced. This paper is about the design issues and choices that arose in our first generation of meeting tools based on WYSIWIS.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Cent, Palo Alto, CA, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Collaborative systems; computer-supported collaboration; Computer-supported collaboration; Computer-supported group work; computer-supported meetings; Computer-supported meetings; computers; Design; Human factors; Human information processing; information retrieval systems; Information systems applications; meeting room; Miscellaneous; Models and principles; multiuser interfaces; Multiuser interfaces; office automation; personal; Software engineering; systems science and cybernetics --- Man Machine Systems; Tools and techniques; Types of systems; User interfaces; User/machine systems; wysiwis; WYSIWIS", } @Article{Delisle:1987:CPC, author = "Norman M. Delisle and Mayer D. Schwartz", title = "Contexts --- {A} Partitioning Concept for Hypertext", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "168--186", month = apr, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Hypertext systems provide good information management support for a wide variety of documentation efforts. These efforts range from developing software to writing a book. However, existing hypertext systems provide poor support for collaboration among teams of authors. This paper starts by briefly describing properties a several existing hypertext systems. Then several models for forming partitions in a hypertext database are examined and contexts, a partitioning scheme that supports multiperson cooperative efforts, are introduced. The semantic issues involved in defining contexts are explored in detail.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Tektronix Inc, Beaverton, OR, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Cooperative work; database systems; Design; document preparation; Document preparation; hypertext systems; Hypertext systems; Inf. storage and retrieval; Inf. systems applications; information retrieval systems; Management; Office automation; office automation; Sys. and software; Text processing; text processing; Version control", } @Article{Greif:1987:DSG, author = "Irene Greif and Sunil Sarin", title = "Data Sharing in Group Work", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "187--211", month = apr, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Data sharing is fundamental to computer-supported cooperative work: People share information through explicit communication channels and through their coordinated use of shared databases. This paper examines the data management requirements of group work applications on the basis of experience with three prototype systems and on observations from the literature. Database and object management technologies that support these requirements are briefly surveyed, and unresolved issues in the particular areas of access control and concurrency control are identified for future research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "computer-supported cooperative work; Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW); data abstraction; data sharing in group work; Database applications; Database management; database management; Database management; database systems; Design; information retrieval systems; information science; Languages; Logical design; office automation; real-time conferencing; Sys.; teleconferencing", } @Article{Chang:1987:KBM, author = "Shi-Kuo Chang and L. Leung", title = "A Knowledge-Based Message Management System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "213--236", month = jul, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The design approach of a knowledge-based message management system is described. A linguistic message filter is used to filter out junk messages. Relevant messages are then processed by an expert system, driven by user-defined alerter rules. An alerter rule base for a secretarial office is illustrated. Further research topics in knowledge-base design, evaluation, and learning are also discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA", classification = "718; 721; 722; 723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Expert Systems; computer networks --- Applications; Computer-communication networks; computers; Data Communication Systems; Database alerting technique; Design; digital; Distr. databases; Distr. systems; Expert system; Information systems applications; knowledge-based system; Knowledge-based system; management --- Information Systems; Message filter; Office automation; office automation; office information system; Office information system", } @Article{Faloutsos:1987:DPA, author = "Christos Faloutsos and Stavros Christodoulakis", title = "Description and Performance Analysis of Signature File Methods for Office Filing", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "237--257", month = jul, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Signature files have attracted a lot of interest as an access method for text and specifically for messages in the office environment. Messages are stored sequentially in the message file, whereas their hash-coded abstractions (signatures) are stored sequentially in the signature file. To answer a query, the signature file is examined first, and many nonqualifying messages are immediately rejected. In this paper we examine the problem of designing signature extraction methods and studying their performance. We describe two old methods, generalize another one, and propose a new method and its variation. We provide exact and approximate formulas for the dependency between the false drop probability and the signature size for all the methods, and we show that the proposed method (VBC) achieves approximately ten times smaller false drop probability than the old methods, whereas it is well suited for collections of documents with variable document sizes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Access methods; Applications; Database management; database systems; Design; Document retrieval; electronic message filing; General; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information retrieval; information retrieval systems --- Online Searching; Information systems applications; libraries --- Automation; Library automation; office automation; Office automation; Performance; Physical design; Signature files; Superimposed coding; Text processing; Text retrieval; TOOIS TOIS Database management", } @Article{Brown:1987:ESP, author = "Polly S. Brown and John D. Gould", title = "An Experimental Study of People Creating Spreadsheets", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "258--272", month = jul, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Nine experienced users of electronic spreadsheets each created three spreadsheets. Although participants were quite confident that their spreadsheets were accurate, 44 percent of the spreadsheets contained user-generated programming errors. With regard to the spreadsheet creation process, we found that experienced spreadsheet users spend a large percentage of their time using the cursor keys, primarily for the purpose of moving the cursor around the spreadsheet. Users did not spend a lot of time planning before launching into spreadsheet creation, nor did they spend much time in a separate, systematic debugging stage. Participants spent 21 percent of their time pausing, presumably reading and\slash or thinking, prior to the initial keystrokes of spreadsheet creation episodes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA", classification = "461; 722; 723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applicative languages; applicative programming languages; computer interfaces --- Human Factors; computer programming; Human factors; Language classifications; Performance; Programming errors; Programming languages; Spreadsheet; Spreadsheets", } @Article{Sassone:1987:CBM, author = "Peter G. Sassone", title = "Cost-Benefit Methodology for Office Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "273--289", month = jul, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The time savings times salary (TSTS) approach is a widely used methodology for the financial justification of office information systems, yet its theoretical basis is largely unexplored. In this paper, we identify its underlying economic model, including five critical assumptions. We find that the model, though somewhat restrictive, is not unreasonable. However, we find that the time-saving-times-salary calculation, per se, is implicitly based on a very particular assumption about how saved time will be used. This assumption has neither a behavioral nor normative basis, and we conclude that the TSTS calculation is not meaningful in most cases. An alternate approach, the hedonic wage model, is proposed. This model overcomes most of the deficiencies of the TSTS approach, although it has somewhat greater data requirements and computational complexity. A case study illustrating the use of the hedonic wage model is presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Georgia Inst of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Computers and society; Cost benefit; cost-benefit analysis; Economics; Effectiveness; Efficiency; engineering --- Project Management; Equipment; Financial analysis; General; Hedonic wage model; Information Systems; Information systems applications; Management; management; Management of computing and information systems; Measurement; Models and principles; office automation; Office automation; Organizational impacts; Performance; Productivity; Project and people management; Resource allocation; Sys. and information theory; Systems analysis and design; Theory; Time savings; value of information; Value of information; Work profile matrix", } @Article{Kaye:1987:CKB, author = "A. Roger Kaye and Gerald M. Karam", title = "Cooperating Knowledge-Based Assistants for the Office", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "297--326", month = oct, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper presents an approach to high-level support of office workers by embedding office knowledge in a network of distributed cooperating knowledge-based or expert `assistants' and servers. These knowledge-based systems incorporate both factual and procedural knowledge and are capable of making use of existing conventional office technology. They constitute a form of computer-supported cooperative work. We describe a common architecture for our assistants and servers that incorporates several key features. The various assistants and servers, which may reside on different machines, cooperate in solving problems or completing tasks by passing messages. We propose a taxonomy of the general office knowledge normally used by office workers, together with a frame and rule-based knowledge representation scheme. We also describe an experimental systems, written in PROLOG, that incorporates the above design principles.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Carleton Univ, Ottawa, Ont, Can", classification = "722; 723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Expert Systems; collaborative systems; Collaborative systems; Computer-communication networks; Computer-supported cooperative work; cooperating expert systems; Design; Distr. applications; Distr. systems; Distributed systems; Experimentation; Expert systems; Information systems applications; knowledge-based systems; Knowledge-based systems; Office automation; office automation; Office automation; Theory", } @Article{Greif:1987:ISS, author = "I. Greif", title = "Introduction to the Special Section", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "327--327", month = oct, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Clement:1987:EOI, author = "Andrew Clement and C. C. Gotlieb", title = "Evolution of an Organizational Interface: the New Business Department at a Large Insurance Firm", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "328--339", month = oct, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper describes how the work organization and computer system of the New Business Department at a large life insurance firm have interacted and evolved over time. The dynamics of interaction are explained largely in terms of the economic incentive to reduce the length of transaction-processing chains and the more political goal of extending managerial control. It is argued that examining the interaction of organizations and computer systems can contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the development of large computer systems and offer guidance to designers of user-computer interfaces. A graphical technique for depicting organizational interfaces is presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "York Univ, North York, Ont, Can", classification = "722; 723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Business case study; computer systems; Computers and society; Design; digital --- On Line Operation; Human factors; industrial insurance; insurance firm; Management; management --- Information Systems; Management of computing and information systems; Managerial control; office automation; On-line computer system; Organizational impacts; organizational interface; Organizational interface; Organizational study; Project and people management; Systems development", } @Article{Ehrlich:1987:SES, author = "Susan F. Ehrlich", title = "Strategies for Encouraging Successful Adoption of Office Communication Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "340--357", month = oct, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The adoption of new computer communication systems into organizations requires behavioral change. Planning for successful adoption requires knowledge of individual organizational communication patterns and the relationship between those patterns and particular communication system solutions. This paper documents a sequence of studies of organizational communication. Needs for office communication systems were identified, as were social and psychological factors temporarily inhibiting their use. Strategies for assuring smooth adoption of such systems are highlighted.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Wang Lab, Lowell, MA, USA", classification = "722; 723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Adoption; Communication; Communications applications; Computer applications; computers; Computers and society; Data Communication Systems; electronic mail; Electronic mail; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Installation management; management --- Information Systems; Management of computing and information systems; office automation; Office automation; Office systems; organizational communication; Organizational impacts; Performance and usage measurement; Psychology; Social and behavioral sciences; Sociology; voice mail; Voice mail", wwwtitle = "Strategies of Encouraging Successful Adoption of Office Communication Systems.", } @Article{Gould:1987:BEH, author = "John D. Gould and Josiane Salaun", title = "Behavioral Experiments on Handmarkings", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "358--377", month = oct, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Handmarkings or handwritten editing marks can be used as direct editing commands to an interactive computer systems. Five exploratory experiments studied the potential value of handmarkings for editing text and pictures, as well as for some specific results. Circles are the most frequently used scoping mark, and arrows are the most frequently used operator and target indicators. Experimental comparisons showed that handmarkings have the potential to be faster than keyboards and mice for editing tasks. Their ultimate value will, however, depend on the style and details of their user-interface implementation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA", classification = "461; 723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "computer-human interaction; Computer-human interaction; Direct manipulation; editing commands; engineering psychology; Engineering psychology; Experimentation; Gestures; handmarkings; Handmarkings; human engineering; Human factors; information science; Man Machine Systems; Miscellaneous; Models and principles; Software; Software psychology; systems science and cybernetics; Terminal design; user interface; User interface; User/machine systems", } @Article{Rada:1987:ATI, author = "Roy Rada and Brian K. Martin", title = "Augmenting Thesauri for Information Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "378--392", month = oct, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A thesaurus can be a critical component of an office information system. Access to various sets of documents can be facilitated by thesauri and by the connections that are made among thesauri. In the projects described in this paper, the thesauri are stored and manipulated through a relational database management system. The system detects inheritance properties in a thesaurus and uses them to guide a human expert in decisions about how to augment the thesaurus. New strategies will extend our ability to augment existing thesauri.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Natl Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA", classification = "723; 903; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Expert Systems; Content analysis and indexing; database systems --- Relational; Design; Inf. storage and retrieval; information science --- Vocabulary Control; Information Systems; knowledge representation; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; management; Office automation; Relation systems; Relational database management systems; thesauri; Thesauri", } @Article{Whang:1987:OEI, author = "Kyu-Young Whang and Art Ammann and Anthony Bolmarcich and Maria Hanrahan and Guy Hochgesang and Kuan-Tsae Huang and Al Khorasani and Ravi Krishnamurthy and Gary Sockut and Paula Sweeney and Vance Waddle and Moshe Zloof", title = "{Office-by-Example}: An Integrated Office System and Database Manager", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "393--427", month = oct, year = "1987", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Office-by-Example (OBE) is an integrated office information system that has been under development at IBM Research. OBE, an extension of Query-by-Example, supports various office features such as database tables, word processing, electronic, mail, graphics, images, and so forth. These seemingly heterogeneous features are integrated through a language feature called example elements. Applications involving example elements are processed by the database manager, an integrated part of the OBE system. In this paper, we describe the facilities and architecture of the OBE system and discuss the techniques for integrating heterogeneous objects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA", classification = "723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Access methods; Algorithms; Communications applications; Computer graphics; Concurrency; Data storage representations; Database management; database systems --- Query Languages; Document preparation; Electronic mail; General; Human factors; Image processing; Image processing software; Information systems applications; integrated office system; Integration; Integrity; Interaction techniques; Languages; Logical design; Management; management --- Information Systems; Memory-resident database; Methodology and techniques; Models and principles; Office automation; office automation; office-by-example; Operating systems; Parsing; Performance; Physical design; Process management; Processors; Programming languages; Protection; Query languages; Query optimization; Query processing; Recovery and restart; Screen management; Security; Systems; Text processing; Two-dimensional parsing; two-dimensional parsing; User/machine systems; Word processing", } @Article{Bertino:1988:QPM, author = "Elisa Bertino and Fausto Rabitti and Simon Gibbs", title = "Query Processing in a Multimedia Document System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "1--41", month = jan, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Query processing in a multimedia document system is described. Multimedia documents are information objects containing formatted data, text, image, graphics and voice. The query language is based on a conceptual document model that allows the users to formulate queries on both document content and structure. The architecture of the system is outlined, with focus on the storage organization in which both optical and magnetic devices can coexist. Query processing and the different strategies evaluated by our optimization algorithm are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Istituto di Elaborazione della Informazione, Pisa, Italy", classification = "723; 903; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Algorithms; Data models; Database management; database systems; Design; information retrieval systems --- Online Searching; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Languages; Logical design; management --- Information Systems; multimedia information technology; office automation; Office automation; office document retrieval system; Office document retrieval systems; Query languages; Query Languages; query optimization; Query optimization; Query processing; Systems; Systems and software", wwwauthor = "E. Bertino, S. Gibbs, and F. Rabitti", } @Article{Croft:1988:IRS, author = "W. Bruce Croft and Pasquale Savino", title = "Implementing Ranking Strategies Using Text Signatures", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "42--62", month = jan, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Signature files provide an efficient access method for text in documents, but retrieval is usually limited to finding documents that contain a specified Boolean pattern of word. Effective retrieval requires that documents with similar meanings be found through a process of plausible inference. The simplest way of implementing this retrieval process is to rank documents in order of their probability of relevance. In this paper techniques are described for implementing probabilistic ranking strategies with sequential and bit-sliced signature files and the limitations of these implementations with regard to their effectiveness are pointed out. A detail comparison is made between signature based ranking techniques and ranking using term-based document representatives and inverted files. The comparison shows that term-based representations are at least competitive (in terms of efficiency) with signature files and, in some situations, superior.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA", classification = "723; 731; 903; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Access methods; Database management; database systems; Design; Document retrieval; Effectiveness; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information retrieval; information retrieval systems --- Online Searching; Information systems applications; libraries --- Automation; Library automation; management --- Information Systems; office automation; Office automation; Performance; Physical design; probabilistic retrieval; Probabilistic retrieval; ranking strategy; Ranking strategy; Signature file; Text retrieval", wwwtitle = "Improving the Effectiveness of Signature-Based Retrieval", } @Article{Postel:1988:EMM, author = "Jonathan B. Postel and Gregory G. Finn and Alan R. Katz and Joyce K. Reynolds", title = "An Experimental Multimedia Mail System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "63--81", month = jan, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "With multimedia computer-based mail, a user may create messages containing text, image, and voice data and send such messages to other users within a computer network. In this paper a computer-based experimental multimedia mail system that allows the user to read, create, edit, send, and receive messages containing text, images and voice is discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA", classification = "721; 722; 723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "arpanet; ARPANET; Bitmap; Communications applications; Computer communication networks; computer networks --- Local Networks; computer software --- Software Engineering; computers; Data Communication Systems; Design; digital; Distr. applications; Distr. systems; Document preparation; electronic mail; Electronic mail; Facsimile; Format and notation; Image; Information systems applications; Internet; Mail protocol; management --- Information Systems; Message system; Multimedia mail; Packet voice; Performance; Software engineering; Text processing; Tools and techniques; User interfaces", } @Article{Winograd:1988:GEI, author = "T. Winograd", title = "{Guest Editor}'s Introduction to the Special Issue", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "83--86", month = apr, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action Perspective.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lee:1988:BDS, author = "Ronald M. Lee", title = "Bureaucracies as Deontic Systems", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "87--108", month = apr, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action Perspective.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Bureaucratic offices are not only for clerical work, but more importantly, they are for officiating in the sense of issuing directives, granting permissions, enforcing prohibitions, waiving obligations, and so forth. Bureaucracies are thus deontic systems for organizational and social control. Conventional information processing approaches are inadequate for capturing these aspects of bureaucratic modeling. A logic-based representation that emphasizes deontic and performative aspects is proposed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Univ of Texas", affiliationaddress = "Austin, TX, USA", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Administrative data processing; Artificial intelligence; Artificial Intelligence; Bureaucracy; Computer applications; Data Processing--Data Description; Decision support (MIS); Deontic logic; Deontic Systems; Design; Inf. systems applications; Information Systems; Knowledge Representation; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Languages; Management; Management of computing and information systems; Petri Nets; Petri nets; Predicate logic; Representations (procedural and rule-based); System management; Types of systems", } @Article{Holt:1988:DNL, author = "Anatol W. Holt", title = "{Diplans}: {A} New Language for the Study and Implementation of Coordination", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "109--125", month = apr, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action Perspective.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "In this paper the reader is introduced to coordination in the workplace as an object of scientific study and computer automation. Diplans are the expressions of a new graphical language used to describe plans of operation in human organizations. With diplans, systems of constraint, which may or may not take the form of procedure definitions, can be specified. Among the special strengths of diplans is their ability to render explicit the interactive aspects of complex work distributed over many people and places --- in other words, coordination. Diplans are central to coordination technology, a new approach to developing support for cooperative work on heterogeneous computer networks.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Coordination Technology Inc", affiliationaddress = "Trumbull, CT, USA", classification = "718; 722; 723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Communications applications; Computer Networks; Computer Programming Languages--Applications; Computer Systems; Computer-communication networks; Computer-Communication Networks; Computers and society; Design; Digital--Distributed; Diplans; Distr. systems; Inf. systems applications; Information Systems applications; Office Automation; Office automation; Organizational impacts; Theory", } @Article{Auramaki:1988:SAB, author = "Esa Auramaki and Erkki Lehtinen and Kalle Lyytinen", title = "A Speech-Act-Based Office Modeling Approach", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "126--152", month = apr, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action Perspective.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "In this paper methods and principles that help to analyze offices as systems of communicative action are explored. In communicative action, office agents create commitments through symbolic means. A SAMPO (Speech-Act-based office Modeling aPprOach), which studies office activities as a series of speech acts creating, maintaining, modifying, reporting, and terminating commitments, is presented. The main steps and methods in the office system specification are outlined and their application illustrated through a simple example. In the final section advantages and disadvantages in the SAMPO are noted and some research directions for the future are suggested.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Univ of Jyvaskyla", affiliationaddress = "Jyvaskyla, Finl", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Artificial Intelligence--Expert Systems; Communications applications; Computer Software--Software Engineering; Design; Discourse analysis; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Information Systems; Information systems applications; Management; Natural language processing; Natural Language Processing; Office automation; Office Automation; Office information system; Requirements/specifications; Software engineering; Specification and analysis; Speech act models", } @Article{Flores:1988:CSD, author = "Fernando Flores and Michael Graves and Brad Hartfield and Terry Winograd", title = "Computer Systems and the Design of Organizational Interaction", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "153--172", month = apr, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action Perspective.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The goal of this paper is to relate theory to invention and application in the design of systems for organizational communication and management. We propose and illustrate a theory of design, technology, and action that we believe has been missing in the mainstream of work on office systems. At the center of our thinking is a theory of language as social action, which differs from the generally taken-for-granted understandings of what goes on in an organization. This approach has been presented elsewhere, and our aim here is to examine its practical implications and assess its effectiveness in the design of The Coordinator, a workgroup productivity system that is in widespread commercial use on personal computers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Action Technologies", affiliationaddress = "Emeryville, CA, USA", classification = "723; 912", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Communications applications; Conversation; Coordination; Design; Electronic mail; Electronic Mail--Applications; Human factors; Inf. systems application; Inf. systems applications; Language/action; Management; Management--Information Systems; Office automation; Office Automation; Ontology; Organizational Communication; Speech act; The Coordinator", } @Article{Suchman:1988:DUB, author = "L. Suchman", title = "Designing with the User (book review)", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "173--183", month = apr, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action Perspective. Review of {\em Computers and Democracy: A Scandinavian Challenge}, G. Bjerknes, P. Ehn, and M. Kyng, Eds. Gower Press, Brookfield, VT, 1987.", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Motro:1988:VUI, author = "Amihai Motro", title = "{VAGUE}: {A} User Interface to Relational Databases that Permits Vague Queries", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "187--214", month = jul, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "A specific query establishes a rigid qualification and is concerned only with data that match it precisely. A vague query establishes a target qualification and is concerned also with data that are close to this target. This article describes a system called VAGUE that can handle vague queries directly. The principal concept behind VAGUE is its extension to the relational data model with data metrics, which are definitions of distances between values of the same domain. A problem with implementing data distances is that different users may have different interpretations for the notion of distance. VAGUE incorporates several features that enable it to adapt itself to the individual views and priorities of its users.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Univ of Southern California", affiliationaddress = "Los Angeles, CA, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Approximate Match Retrieval; Approximate match retrieval; Business--Database Systems; Data Metric; Data metric; Data models; Data Processing; Data Processing--Database Systems; Database; Database management; Database Management; Database management; Database Systems; Design; Human factors; Information Retrieval Systems; Information search and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval; Languages; Logical design; Neighborhood query; Query languages; Query processing; Relational; Relational Database; Relational database; Retrieval models; Systems; User Interface; User interface; Vague Query; Vague query", } @Article{Neches:1988:KBT, author = "Robert Neches", title = "Knowledge-Based Tools to Promote Shared Goals and Terminology Between Interface Designers", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "215--231", month = jul, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Two tools that support cooperation are described: one for the construction of consistent and principled human-computer interfaces and the other for the construction of AI knowledge bases. The AI knowledge representation technology upon which the tools are founded is first described. A knowledge-based approach to interface construction is discussed, and how that approach applies to detecting design conflicts and inconsistencies stemming from two different kinds of team communication failure is illustrated. Next, a knowledge acquisition aid that is utilized within the interface construction paradigm and that also illustrates the same approach to supporting cooperative work is described. Finally, four sources of difficulty in team design efforts, which this approach seeks to address, are reviewed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Univ of Southern California", affiliationaddress = "Los Angeles, CA, USA", classification = "722; 723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "ai Knowledge Bases; Artificial Intelligence; Artificial intelligence; Computer Interfaces; Computer Software--Software Engineering; Cooperative work; Design; Design tools; Human-Computer Interfaces; Intelligent Support Tools; Interface Designers; Knowledge bases; Man Machine Systems; Office automation; Programming teams; Software engineering; Systems Science and Cybernetics; User Interfaces; User interfaces", } @Article{Pollock:1988:RBM, author = "Stephen Pollock", title = "A Rule-Based Message Filtering System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "232--254", month = jul, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Much computerized support for knowledge workers has consisted of tools to handle low-level functions such as distribution, storage, and retrieval of information. However, the higher level processes of making decisions and taking actions with respect to this information have not been supported to the same degree. This paper describes the ISCREEN prototype system for screening text messages. ISCREEN includes a high-level interface for users to define rules, a component that screens text messages, and a conflict detection component that examines rules for inconsistencies. An explanation component uses text generation to answer user queries about past or potential system actions based on Grice's conversational maxims.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Bell-Northern Research", affiliationaddress = "Toronto, Ont, Can", classification = "723", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Artificial Intelligence; Artificial intelligence; Communications applications; Computer Operating Systems--Report Generators; Computer Programming Languages; Cooperative tools; Electronic Mail; Electronic mail; Explanation systems; Human factors; Human factors Inf. systems applications; Inf. systems; Intelligent Interfaces; Intelligent interfaces; Language generation; Man Machine Systems; Message Filtering System; Natural language processing; Natural Language Processing; Office automation; Office Automation; Systems Science and Cybernetics; Text Generation; Text generation; User/machine systems", } @Article{Rice:1988:AUO, author = "Ronald E. Rice and Donald E. Shook", title = "Access to, Usage of, and Outcomes from an Electronic Messaging System", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "255--276", month = jul, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This study examines relationships among perceived accessibility to an electronic messaging system (EMS), computer-monitored and reported usage of the system by approximately 100 employees of one division of an aerospace firm, user's job type, perceived appropriateness of the EMS, and reported outcomes such as changes in effectiveness and use of paper-based media. The article ends by discussing implications for implementation and evaluation of computer-based communication systems, theories of media characteristics and information value, and methodological issues in using computer-monitored usage data.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Univ of Southern California", affiliationaddress = "Los Angeles, CA, USA", classification = "723; 903", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Accessibility; Business; Communication Augmentation; Communication augmentation; Communications applications; Computer Monitored Data; Computer system implementation; Computer-monitored data; Computers and society; Data Processing; Electronic Mail; Electronic mail; Electronic Messaging System; Inf. systems applications; Information Retrieval Systems; Installation management; Life cycle; Management; Management of computing and information systems; Measurement; Media Substitutability; Media substitutability; Miscellaneous; Organizational impacts; Performance; Performance and usage measurement; Project and people management", } @Article{Pahlavan:1988:WIN, author = "K. Pahlavan", title = "Wireless Intraoffice Networks", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "277--302", month = jul, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "An overview of the existing and growing demands for wireless office information networks is provided, and the existing research activities are assessed in some detail. The radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) communication technologies are examined as candidates for wireless intraoffice communications. The available bandwidths, according to federal regulations and characteristics of the channel for RF communications, are given. Digital narrow-band and wideband spread-spectrum RF communications are assessed in terms of supportable data rate or number of simultaneous users in one cell of a cellular architecture in an office environment. Various limitations of IR communications are discussed and existing systems and architectures are reviewed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Worcester Polytechnic Inst", classification = "716; 723; 741", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Analysis; Business; Cellular networks; Computer Communication Networks; Computer Networks; Computer-communication networks; Data Processing; Design; Equipment; General literature; General Literature; General systems theory; Information systems applications; Infrared networks; Infrared Networks; Introductory and survey; Local networks; Models and principles; Network architecture and design; Office automation; Office Automation; Optical Data Processing; Optical networks; Packet networks; Performance; Radio Communication; Radio networks; Radio Networks; Spread spectrum; Systems and information theory; Theory; Wireless Intraoffice Networks; Wireless networks", } @Article{Greif:1988:EIS, author = "I. Greif", title = "Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "301--302", month = oct, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999", bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Conklin:1988:GHT, author = "Jeff Conklin and Michael L. Begeman", title = "{gIBIS}: {A} Hypertext Tool for Exploratory Policy Discussion", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "303--331", month = oct, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper describes an application-specific hypertext system designed to facilitate the capture of early design deliberations. It implements a specific method, called Issue Based Information Systems (IBIS), which has been developed for use on large, complex design problems. The hypertext system described here, gIBIS (for graphical IBIS), makes use of color and a high-speed relational database server to facilitate building and browsing typed IBIS networks. Further, gIBIS is designed to support the collaborative construction of these networks by any number of cooperating team members spread across a local area network. Early experiments suggest that the IBIS method is still incomplete, but there is a good match between the tool and method even in this experimental version.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "MCC Software Technology Program", affiliationaddress = "Austin, TX, USA", classification = "723", conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Administrative data processing; Communications applications; Computer Aided Design; Computer Graphics--Color; Computer Supported Cooperative Work; Database Systems--Relational; Decision support (e.g.; Design; Documentation; Exploratory Policy Discussion; General; gibis; Graphical ibis; Hypertext; Information systems applications; Issue Based Information Systems; Issue-based information systems; Management; Methodologies; MIS); Models and principles; Office Automation; Planning; Requirements/specifications; Software engineering; Tools; Tools and techniques; Type of systems; User/machine systems", meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA", meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988", meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88", sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp; Xerox Corp", } @Article{Lai:1988:OLS, author = "Kum-Yew Lai and Thomas W. Malone and Keh-Chiang Yu", title = "{Object Lens}: {A} `Spreadsheet' for Cooperative Work", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "332--353", month = oct, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "Object Lens allows unsophisticated computer users to create their own cooperative work applications using a set of simple, but powerful, building blocks. By defining and modifying templates for various semistructured objects, users can represent information about people, tasks, products, messages, and many other kinds of information in a form that can be processed intelligently by both people and their computers. By collecting these objects in customizable folders, users can create their own displays which summarize selected information from the objects in table or tree formats. Finally, by creating semiautonomous agents, users can specify rules for automatically processing this information in different ways at different times. The combination of these primitives provides a single consistent interface that integrates facilities for object-oriented databases, hypertext, electronic messaging, and rule-based intelligent agents. To illustrate the power of this combined approach, we describe several simple examples of applications (such as task tracking, intelligent message routing, and database retrieval) that we have developed in this framework.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "MIT", affiliationaddress = "Cambridge, MA, USA", classification = "722; 723", conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial intelligence; Artificial Intelligence--Expert Systems; Communications applications; Computer Interfaces; Computer Programming--Spreadsheet; Computer Supported Cooperative Work; Computer-supported cooperative work; Content analysis and indexing; Data description languages (DDL); Data models; Database management; Database Systems; Design; Distributed systems; Document preparation; Economics; Electronic Messaging; Format and notation; Frames and scripts; Human factors; Hypertext; Information Lens; Information storage and retrieval; Information systems applications; Intelligent agents; Knowledge representation formalisms and methods; Languages; Logical design; Management; Models and principles; Object Lens; Object-oriented databases; Office automation; Office Automation; Office automation; Representations; Schema and subschema; Semiformal systems; Systems; Systems and software; Text processing; User/machine systems", meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA", meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988", meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88", sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp; Xerox Corp", } @Article{Eveland:1988:WGS, author = "J. D. Eveland and T. K. Bikson", title = "Work Group Structures and Computer Support: {A} Field Experiment", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "354--379", month = oct, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This field experiment created two task forces, each composed equally of recently retired employees and employees still at work but eligible to retire. They were given the identical tasks of preparing reports for their company on retirement planning issues, but they were randomly assigned to different technology conditions. One group had full conventional office support; the other had, in addition, networked microcomputers with electronic mail and routine office software. Although both groups produced effective reports, the two differed significantly in the kind of work they produced, the group structures that emerged, and evaluations of their own performance. We conclude that use of computer support for cooperative work results in both quantitative and qualitative changes but that effective participation in such electronically supported groups requires significant investments of time and energy on the part of its members to master the technology and a relatively high level of assistance during the learning process.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Rand Corp", affiliationaddress = "Santa Monica, CA, USA", classification = "722; 723; 922", conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "anova; Communication; Communications applications; Computer Networks; Computer Supported Cooperative Work; Computer Systems; Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW); Computers and society; Digital; Electronic Mail; Electronic mail; Employment; Experimentation; Group processes; Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Management; Office Automation; Organizational impacts; Social issues; Social structures; Statistical Methods; Work Group Structures", meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA", meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988", meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88", sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp; Xerox Corp", } @Article{Mackay:1988:DUE, author = "Wendy E. Mackay", title = "Diversity in the Use of Electronic Mail: {A} Preliminary Inquiry", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "380--397", month = oct, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "This paper describes a series of interviews that examine the ways that professional office workers use electronic mail to manage their daily work. The purpose is to generate hypotheses for future research. A number of implications for the design of flexible mail systems are discussed. Two principal claims are made. First, the use of electronic mail is strikingly diverse, although not infinitely so. Individuals vary both in objective measure of mail use and in preferred strategies for managing work electronically. Feelings of control are similarly diverse. This diversity implies that one's own experiences with electronic mail are unlikely to provide sufficient understanding of other's uses of mail. The second claim is that electronic mail is more than just a communication system. Users archive messages for subject retrieval, prioritize messages to sequence work activities, and delegate tasks via mail. A taxonomy of work management is proposed in which mail is used for information management, time management, and task management activities.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "MIT", affiliationaddress = "Cambridge, MA, USA", classification = "461; 723", conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Computer Supported Cooperative Work; Computer-supported cooperative work; Electronic mail; Electronic Mail; Human factors; Human Factors; Inf. systems applications; Information filtering; Information Lens; Management; Office Automation; Task management; Task Management; Time management; Time Management", meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA", meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988", meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88", sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp; Xerox Corp", } @Article{Trigg:1988:GTT, author = "Randall H. Trigg", title = "Guided Tours and Tabletops: Tools for Communicating in a Hypertext Environment", journal = j-TOOIS, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "398--414", month = oct, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATOSDO", ISSN = "0734-2047", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib; http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html; http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).", URL = "http://www.acm.org:80", abstract = "The author of a complex hypertext document is often faced with the problem of conveying the document's meaning to future readers through a shared computer environment. Two tools implemented in the NoteCards hypertext environment, guided tours and tabletops, allow authors to employ annotation, graphic layout, and ordered presentation when communicating to readers. This paper describes these tools and gives examples of their use. Issues of remote pointing arising from an application in legal argumentation are discussed as well as early work on the use of these tools to support sharing of hypertext strategies among NoteCards users.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, affiliation = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Cent", affiliationaddress = "Palo Alto, CA, USA", classification = "722; 723; 903", conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst", keywords = "Collaborative work; Computer Based Cooperative Work; Computer Graphics; Computer Interfaces; Design; Experimentation; Human factors; Hypermedia; Hypertext; Inf. systems applications; Information Retrieval; Information Science; Miscellaneous; Models and principles; NoteCards; Remote Pointing; Text processing; Types of systems; User/machine systems", meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA", meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988", meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88", sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp; Xerox Corp", } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Cross-referenced entries must come last: @Proceedings{Hewitt:1986:COI, editor = "Carl Hewitt and Stanley B. Zdonik", booktitle = "1986 Conference on Office Information Systems", title = "1986 Conference on Office Information Systems", volume = "4(3)", publisher = pub-ACM, address = pub-ACM:adr, pages = "185--287", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "ATISET", ISSN = "1046-8188", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", series = j-TOOIS, abstract = "This issue contains 5 conference papers. These papers contribute to both laying theoretical foundations and applying fundamental principles to existing office information systems. The main theme of these papers is using artificial intelligence (AI) to support and model office information systems. The main subjects are office information systems as open system, integration of computing and routine work, office problem solving, and visual interfaces for database systems. All papers are separately indexed and abstracted.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, classification = "718; 721; 722; 723; 912", conference = "1986 Conference on Office Information Systems.", editoraffiliation = "MIT, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA", journalabr = "ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems", keywords = "Applications; computer networks; computer systems programming --- Multiprocessing Programs; computers; concurrent programming; digital --- Data Communication Systems; electronic mail; knowledge representation; management --- Information Systems; office automation; semantic data model; user/machine systems", meetingaddress = "Providence, RI, USA", } @Proceedings{Greif:1988:SPC, editor = "Irene Greif", booktitle = "Selected Papers from the Conferences on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", title = "Selected Papers from the Conferences on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", volume = "6(4)", publisher = pub-ACM, address = pub-ACM:adr, pages = "303--314", month = oct, year = "1988", CODEN = "ATISET", ISSN = "1046-8188", bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999", bibsource = "Compendex database; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib", series = j-TOOIS, abstract = "This issue contains 5 conference papers dealing with two system implementations, a field study, and two systems in use. The specific topics include: IBIS, a hypertext tool for exploratory policy discussion; object lens, an object-oriented extension of the earlier information lens system; the ways that electronic information media can affect work group structures and experiences of group members; the ways that individual workers use their electronic mail systems; and two tools; `guided tours' and `tabletop', that facilitate communication between hypertext authors and readers. All papers are separately indexed and abstracted.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, classification = "722; 723", conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", conferenceyear = "1988", editoraddress = "Cambridge, MA, USA", editoraffiliation = "Lotus Development Corp", journalabr = "ACM Trans Inf Syst", keywords = "Computer Graphics; Computer Interfaces; Computer Supported Cooperative Work; Computer Systems; Database Systems; Digital; Electronic Mail; gIBIS; Hypertext; Object Lens; Office Automation; Work Group Structures", meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA", meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988", meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88", sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp; Xerox Corp", }