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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%% BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.53",
%%%     date            = "27 November 2024",
%%%     time            = "07:46:41 MST",
%%%     filename        = "tosn.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     URL             = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "53985 37335 198307 1869153",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks;
%%%                        bibliography; TOSN",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for
%%%                        ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (CODEN
%%%                        ????, ISSN 1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867
%%%                        (electronic)), covering all journal issues
%%%                        from 2005 -- date.  The journal is published
%%%                        quarterly in February, May, August, and
%%%                        November, and the first issue was published
%%%                        in August 2005.  In 2024, the issue count was
%%%                        increased to six per year.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.53, the COMPLETE journal
%%%                        coverage looked like this:
%%%
%%%                             2005 (  12)    2012 (  36)    2019 (  49)
%%%                             2006 (  22)    2013 (  62)    2020 (  42)
%%%                             2007 (  22)    2014 (  57)    2021 (  40)
%%%                             2008 (  26)    2015 (  42)    2022 (  76)
%%%                             2009 (  45)    2016 (  37)    2023 (  98)
%%%                             2010 (  54)    2017 (  34)    2024 ( 130)
%%%                             2011 (  18)    2018 (  31)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        933
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  933
%%%
%%%                        The journal Web page can be found at:
%%%
%%%                            http://www.acm.org/tosn/
%%%
%%%                        The journal table of contents page is at:
%%%
%%%                            http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981
%%%
%%%                        Qualified subscribers can retrieve the full
%%%                        text of recent articles in PDF form.
%%%
%%%                        The initial draft was extracted from the ACM
%%%                        Web pages.
%%%
%%%                        ACM copyrights explicitly permit abstracting
%%%                        with credit, so article abstracts, keywords,
%%%                        and subject classifications have been
%%%                        included in this bibliography wherever
%%%                        available.  Article reviews have been
%%%                        omitted, until their copyright status has
%%%                        been clarified.
%%%
%%%                        bibsource keys in the bibliography entries
%%%                        below indicate the entry originally came
%%%                        from the computer science bibliography
%%%                        archive, even though it has likely since
%%%                        been corrected and updated.
%%%
%%%                        URL keys in the bibliography point to
%%%                        World Wide Web locations of additional
%%%                        information about the entry.
%%%
%%%                        BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen
%%%                        as name:year:abbrev, where name is the
%%%                        family name of the first author or editor,
%%%                        year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a
%%%                        3-letter condensation of important title
%%%                        words. Citation tags were automatically
%%%                        generated by software developed for the
%%%                        BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order, using ``bibsort -byvolume.''
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility."
%%%     }
%%% ====================================================================
@Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:
@String{j-TOSN                  = "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries:
@Article{Zhao:2005:I,
  author =       "Feng Zhao",
  title =        "Introduction",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2005:NPS,
  author =       "Qun Li and Daniela Rus",
  title =        "Navigation protocols in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--35",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Xing:2005:ICC,
  author =       "Guoliang Xing and Xiaorui Wang and Yuanfang Zhang and
                 Chenyang Lu and Robert Pless and Christopher Gill",
  title =        "Integrated coverage and connectivity configuration for
                 energy conservation in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--72",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Lazos:2005:SRL,
  author =       "Loukas Lazos and Radha Poovendran",
  title =        "{SeRLoc}: {Robust} localization for wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--100",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{He:2005:FTI,
  author =       "Guanghui He and Rong Zheng and Indranil Gupta and Lui
                 Sha",
  title =        "A framework for time indexing in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "101--133",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Nguyen:2005:KBL,
  author =       "Xuanlong Nguyen and Michael I. Jordan and Bruno
                 Sinopoli",
  title =        "A kernel-based learning approach to ad hoc sensor
                 network localization",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "134--152",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ledeczi:2005:CSU,
  author =       "{\'A}kos L{\'e}deczi and Andr{\'a}s N{\'a}das and
                 P{\'e}ter V{\"o}lgyesi and Gy{\"o}rgy Balogh and
                 Branislav Kusy and J{\'a}nos Sallai and G{\'a}bor Pap
                 and Sebesty{\'e}n D{\'o}ra and K{\'a}roly Moln{\'a}r
                 and Mikl{\'o}s Mar{\'o}ti and Gyula Simon",
  title =        "Countersniper system for urban warfare",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "153--177",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Prabh:2005:ECD,
  author =       "K. Shashi Prabh and Tarek F. Abdelzaher",
  title =        "Energy-conserving data cache placement in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "178--203",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Liu:2005:IKP,
  author =       "Donggang Liu and Peng Ning",
  title =        "Improving key predistribution with deployment
                 knowledge in static sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "204--239",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Huang:2005:FFA,
  author =       "Qingfeng Huang and Sangeeta Bhattacharya and Chenyang
                 Lu and Gruia-Catalin Roman",
  title =        "{FAR}: {Face-Aware Routing} for mobicast in
                 large-scale sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "240--271",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhang:2005:UBL,
  author =       "Honghai Zhang and Jennifer C. Hou",
  title =        "On the upper bound of {$\alpha$}-lifetime for large
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "272--300",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhang:2005:ODS,
  author =       "Xin Zhang and Stephen B. Wicker",
  title =        "On the optimal distribution of sensors in a random
                 field",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "301--306",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 07:32:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{He:2006:VIS,
  author =       "Tian He and Sudha Krishnamurthy and Liqian Luo and
                 Ting Yan and Lin Gu and Radu Stoleru and Gang Zhou and
                 Qing Cao and Pascal Vicaire and John A. Stankovic and
                 Tarek F. Abdelzaher and Jonathan Hui and Bruce Krogh",
  title =        "{VigilNet}: an integrated sensor network system for
                 energy-efficient surveillance",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--38",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 28 07:01:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Costa:2006:DWM,
  author =       "Jose A. Costa and Neal Patwari and Alfred O. {Hero
                 III}",
  title =        "Distributed weighted-multidimensional scaling for node
                 localization in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--64",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 28 07:01:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Law:2006:SBB,
  author =       "Yee Wei Law and Jeroen Doumen and Pieter Hartel",
  title =        "Survey and benchmark of block ciphers for wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--93",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 28 07:01:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Carbunar:2006:RCD,
  author =       "Bogdan C{\u{a}}rbunar and Ananth Grama and Jan Vitek
                 and Octavian C{\u{a}}rbunar",
  title =        "Redundancy and coverage detection in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "94--128",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 28 07:01:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2006:LTC,
  author =       "Xiang-Yang Li and Wen-Zhan Song and Yu Wang",
  title =        "Localized topology control for heterogeneous wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "129--153",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 28 07:01:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ganesan:2006:PES,
  author =       "Deepak Ganesan and Razvan Cristescu and Baltasar
                 Beferull-Lozano",
  title =        "Power-efficient sensor placement and transmission
                 structure for data gathering under distortion
                 constraints",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "155--181",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1149283.1149284",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 1 19:09:34 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider the joint optimization of sensor placement
                 and transmission structure for data gathering, where a
                 given number of nodes need to be placed in a field such
                 that the sensed data can be reconstructed at a sink
                 within specified distortion bounds while minimizing the
                 energy consumed for communication. We assume that the
                 nodes use either joint entropy coding based on explicit
                 communication between sensor nodes, where coding is
                 done when side information is available, or
                 Slepian-Wolf coding where nodes have knowledge of
                 network correlation statistics. We consider both
                 maximum and average distortion bounds. We prove that
                 this optimization is NP-complete since it involves an
                 interplay between the spaces of possible transmission
                 structures given radio reachability limitations, and
                 feasible placements satisfying distortion bounds.We
                 address this problem by first looking at the simplified
                 problem of optimal placement in the one-dimensional
                 case. An analytical solution is derived for the case
                 when there is a simple aggregation scheme, and
                 numerical results are provided for the cases when joint
                 entropy encoding is used. We use the insight from our
                 1-D analysis to extend our results to the 2-D case and
                 compare it to typical uniform random placement and
                 shortest-path tree. Our algorithm for two-dimensional
                 placement and transmission structure provides two to
                 three fold reduction in total power consumption and
                 between one to two orders of magnitude reduction in
                 bottleneck power consumption. We perform an exhaustive
                 performance analysis of our scheme under varying
                 correlation models and model parameters and demonstrate
                 that the performance improvement is typical over a
                 range of data correlation models and parameters. We
                 also study the impact of performing
                 computationally-efficient data conditioning over a
                 local scope rather than the entire network. Finally, we
                 extend our explicit placement results to a randomized
                 placement scheme and show that such a scheme can be
                 effective when deployment does not permit exact node
                 placement.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Huang:2006:DEC,
  author =       "Chi-Fu Huang and Li-Chu Lo and Yu-Chee Tseng and
                 Wen-Tsuen Chen",
  title =        "Decentralized energy-conserving and
                 coverage-preserving protocols for wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "182--187",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1149283.1149285",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 1 19:09:34 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we propose several decentralized
                 protocols that schedule sensors' active and sleeping
                 periods to prolong the network lifetime while maintain
                 the sensing field sufficiently covered. The proposed
                 protocols are based on a model similar to that of Yan
                 et al. [2003], but improve its results in several
                 senses. First, our approach can significantly reduce
                 the computational complexity incurred, and at the same
                 time achieve better accuracy in determining the
                 coverage of the sensing area. Second, we extend the
                 result such that it can support multilayer coverage of
                 the sensing field. Third, we further enhance it [Yan et
                 al. 2003] by proposing several optimization mechanisms
                 to balance or reduce sensors' energy expenditure.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Biswas:2006:SPB,
  author =       "Pratik Biswas and Tzu-Chen Lian and Ta-Chung Wang and
                 Yinyu Ye",
  title =        "Semidefinite programming based algorithms for sensor
                 network localization",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "188--220",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1149283.1149286",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 1 19:09:34 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "An SDP relaxation based method is developed to solve
                 the localization problem in sensor networks using
                 incomplete and inaccurate distance information. The
                 problem is set up to find a set of sensor positions
                 such that given distance constraints are satisfied. The
                 nonconvex constraints in the formulation are then
                 relaxed in order to yield a semidefinite program that
                 can be solved efficiently.The basic model is extended
                 in order to account for noisy distance information. In
                 particular, a maximum likelihood based formulation and
                 an interval based formulation are discussed. The SDP
                 solution can then also be used as a starting point for
                 steepest descent based local optimization techniques
                 that can further refine the SDP solution.We also
                 describe the extension of the basic method to develop
                 an iterative distributed SDP method for solving very
                 large scale semidefinite programs that arise out of
                 localization problems for large dense networks and are
                 intractable using centralized methods.The performance
                 evaluation of the technique with regard to estimation
                 accuracy and computation time is also presented by the
                 means of extensive simulations.Our SDP scheme also
                 seems to be applicable to solving other Euclidean
                 geometry problems where points are locally connected.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhou:2006:MSR,
  author =       "Gang Zhou and Tian He and Sudha Krishnamurthy and John
                 A. Stankovic",
  title =        "Models and solutions for radio irregularity in
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "221--262",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1149283.1149287",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 1 19:09:34 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we investigate the impact of radio
                 irregularity on wireless sensor networks. Radio
                 irregularity is a common phenomenon that arises from
                 multiple factors, such as variance in RF sending power
                 and different path losses, depending on the direction
                 of propagation. From our experiments, we discover that
                 the variance in received signal strength is largely
                 random; however, it exhibits a continuous change with
                 incremental changes in direction. With empirical data
                 obtained from the MICA2 and MICAZ platforms, we
                 establish a radio model for simulation, called the
                 Radio Irregularity Model (RIM). This model is the first
                 to bridge the discrepancy between the spherical radio
                 models used by simulators and the physical reality of
                 radio signals. With this model, we investigate the
                 impact of radio irregularity on several upper layer
                 protocols, including MAC, routing, localization and
                 topology control. Our results show that radio
                 irregularity has a relatively larger impact on the
                 routing layer than the MAC layer. It also shows that
                 radio irregularity leads to larger localization errors
                 and makes it harder to maintain communication
                 connectivity in topology control. To deal with these
                 issues, we present eight solutions to deal with radio
                 irregularity. We evaluate three of them in detail. The
                 results obtained from both the simulations and a
                 running testbed demonstrate that our solutions greatly
                 improve system performance in the presence of radio
                 irregularity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Liu:2006:ORT,
  author =       "Xue Liu and Qixin Wang and Wenbo He and Marco Caccamo
                 and Lui Sha",
  title =        "Optimal real-time sampling rate assignment for
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "263--295",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1149283.1149288",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 1 19:09:34 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "How to allocate computing and communication resources
                 in a way that maximizes the effectiveness of control
                 and signal processing, has been an important area of
                 research. The characteristic of a multi-hop Real-Time
                 Wireless Sensor Network raises new challenges. First,
                 the constraints are more complicated and a new solution
                 method is needed. Second, a distributed solution is
                 needed to achieve scalability. This article presents
                 solutions to both of the new challenges. The first
                 solution to the optimal rate allocation is a
                 centralized solution that can handle the more general
                 form of constraints as compared with prior research.
                 The second solution is a distributed version for large
                 sensor networks using a pricing scheme. It is capable
                 of incremental adjustment when utility functions
                 change. This article also presents a new sensor
                 device/network backbone architecture---Real-time
                 Independent CHannels (RICH), which can easily realize
                 multi-hop real-time wireless sensor networking.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Chakrabarti:2006:CPO,
  author =       "Arnab Chakrabarti and Ashutosh Sabharwal and Behnaam
                 Aazhang",
  title =        "Communication power optimization in a sensor network
                 with a path-constrained mobile observer",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "297--324",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Lazos:2006:SCH,
  author =       "Loukas Lazos and Radha Poovendran",
  title =        "Stochastic coverage in heterogeneous sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "325--358",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Fragouli:2006:CCT,
  author =       "Christina Fragouli and Tarik Tabet",
  title =        "On conditions for constant throughput in wireless
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "359--379",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Devarajan:2006:DMC,
  author =       "Dhanya Devarajan and Richard J. Radke and Haeyong
                 Chung",
  title =        "Distributed metric calibration of ad hoc camera
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "380--403",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ramachandran:2006:DDF,
  author =       "Umakishore Ramachandran and Rajnish Kumar and Matthew
                 Wolenetz and Brian Cooper and Bikash Agarwalla and
                 Junsuk Shin and Phillip Hutto and Arnab Paul",
  title =        "Dynamic data fusion for future sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "404--443",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Funke:2006:SID,
  author =       "Stefan Funke and Alexander Kesselman and Ulrich Meyer
                 and Michael Segal",
  title =        "A simple improved distributed algorithm for minimum
                 {CDS} in unit disk graphs",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "444--453",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Agarwal:2006:SOS,
  author =       "Pankaj K. Agarwal and David Brady and Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}
                 Matou{\v{s}}ek",
  title =        "Segmenting object space by geometric reference
                 structures",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "455--465",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Jindal:2006:MSC,
  author =       "Apoorva Jindal and Konstantinos Psounis",
  title =        "Modeling spatially correlated data in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "466--499",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhu:2006:LES,
  author =       "Sencun Zhu and Sanjeev Setia and Sushil Jajodia",
  title =        "{LEAP+}: {Efficient} security mechanisms for
                 large-scale distributed sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "500--528",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Arici:2006:PEB,
  author =       "Tarik Arici and Toygar Akgun and Yucel Altunbasak",
  title =        "A prediction error-based hypothesis testing method for
                 sensor data acquisition",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "529--556",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Cao:2006:SLC,
  author =       "Qing Cao and Tarek Abdelzaher",
  title =        "Scalable logical coordinates framework for routing in
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "557--593",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Goldberg:2006:VIE,
  author =       "David H. Goldberg and Andreas G. Andreou and Pedro
                 Juli{\'a}n and Philippe O. Pouliquen and Laurence
                 Riddle and Rich Rosasco",
  title =        "{VLSI} implementation of an energy-aware wake-up
                 detector for an acoustic surveillance sensor network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "594--611",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Huang:2007:DPE,
  author =       "Chi-Fu Huang and Yu-Chee Tseng and Hsiao-Lu Wu",
  title =        "Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and
                 connectivity of a wireless sensor network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ramachandran:2007:ACA,
  author =       "Iyappan Ramachandran and Arindam K. Das and Sumit
                 Roy",
  title =        "Analysis of the contention access period of {IEEE}
                 802.15.4 {MAC}",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Su:2007:CAA,
  author =       "Xun Su",
  title =        "A combinatorial algorithmic approach to energy
                 efficient information collection in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tiwari:2007:EEW,
  author =       "Ankit Tiwari and Prasanna Ballal and Frank L. Lewis",
  title =        "Energy-efficient wireless sensor network design and
                 implementation for condition-based maintenance",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Trigoni:2007:WSR,
  author =       "Niki Trigoni and Yong Yao and Alan Demers and Johannes
                 Gehrke and Rajmohan Rajaraman",
  title =        "Wave scheduling and routing in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yoon:2007:CAC,
  author =       "Sunhee Yoon and Cyrus Shahabi",
  title =        "The {Clustered AGgregation (CAG)} technique leveraging
                 spatial and temporal correlations in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:10:02 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zamalloa:2007:AUA,
  author =       "Marco Z{\'u}{\~n}iga Zamalloa and Bhaskar
                 Krishnamachari",
  title =        "An analysis of unreliability and asymmetry in
                 low-power wireless links",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1240226.1240227",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Experimental studies have demonstrated that the
                 behavior of real links in low-power wireless networks
                 (such as wireless sensor networks) deviates to a large
                 extent from the ideal binary model used in several
                 simulation studies. In particular, there is a large
                 transitional region in wireless link quality that is
                 characterized by significant levels of unreliability
                 and asymmetry, significantly impacting the performance
                 of higher-layer protocols. We provide a comprehensive
                 analysis of the root causes of unreliability and
                 asymmetry. In particular, we derive expressions for the
                 distribution, expectation, and variance of the packet
                 reception rate as a function of distance, as well as
                 for the location and extent of the transitional region.
                 These expressions incorporate important environmental
                 and radio parameters such as the path loss exponent and
                 shadowing variance of the channel, and the modulation,
                 encoding, and hardware variance of the radios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "communication theory; hardware variance; probability
                 theory; transitional region; wireless link",
}

@Article{Yoon:2007:TST,
  author =       "Suyoung Yoon and Chanchai Veerarittiphan and Mihail L.
                 Sichitiu",
  title =        "Tiny-sync: {Tight} time synchronization for wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1240226.1240228",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Time synchronization is a fundamental middleware
                 service for any distributed system. Wireless sensor
                 networks make extensive use of synchronized time in
                 many contexts (e.g., data fusion, TDMA schedules,
                 synchronized sleep periods, etc.). We propose a time
                 synchronization method relevant for wireless sensor
                 networks. The solution features minimal complexity in
                 network bandwidth, storage as well as processing, and
                 can achieve good accuracy. Especially relevant for
                 sensor networks, it also provides tight, deterministic
                 bounds on offset and clock drift. A method for
                 synchronizing the entire network is presented. The
                 performance of the algorithm is analyzed theoretically
                 and validated on a realistic testbed. The results show
                 that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing
                 algorithms in terms of precision and resource
                 requirements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "sensor networks; time synchronization",
}

@Article{Brass:2007:BCT,
  author =       "Peter Brass",
  title =        "Bounds on coverage and target detection capabilities
                 for models of networks of mobile sensors",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1240226.1240229",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article we analyze the capabilities of various
                 models of sensor networks with the Boolean sensing
                 model for mobile or stationary sensors and targets,
                 under random or optimal placement, independent or
                 globally coordinated search, and stealthy or visible
                 sensors. For each model we give an upper bound for the
                 capabilities under any strategy, and a search strategy
                 which at least asymptotically matches that bound. To
                 ensure comparability of these models, we present them
                 using the same parameters: the sensing radius $r$,
                 sensor placement density $\lambda$, as well as the
                 travel distance $l$ of each sensor and $d$ of the
                 target. By this we obtain a complete analysis of the
                 geometric coverage and detection capabilities of the
                 various models of sensor networks, where we abstract
                 from issues like communication and power management.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Boolean sensing model; coverage capabilities;
                 foundations of sensor networks; mobile sensors; search
                 strategies; sensor deployment",
}

@Article{Gelenbe:2007:DMP,
  author =       "Erol Gelenbe",
  title =        "A diffusion model for packet travel time in a random
                 multihop medium",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1240226.1240230",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider a wireless network in which packets are
                 forwarded opportunistically from the source towards the
                 destination, without accurate knowledge of the
                 direction that they should take. A Brownian motion
                 model that includes the effect of packet losses, and
                 subsequent retransmission after a time-out, is used to
                 compute the average travel time of the packet. The
                 results indicate that the average travel time is always
                 finite provided that a time-out is used, and that there
                 is an element of randomness in the manner in which
                 successive nodes are being chosen. We show that the
                 average packet travel time can be minimized by a
                 judicious choice of the time-out, and its optimum value
                 in turn depends on other system parameters such as
                 packet-loss probabilities. We present simulations that
                 illustrate the analytical results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "ad hoc networks; autonomic communications; diffusion
                 process; packet travel time; sensor networks;
                 simulation; wireless networks",
}

@Article{Xing:2007:MPC,
  author =       "Guoliang Xing and Chenyang Lu and Ying Zhang and
                 Qingfeng Huang and Robert Pless",
  title =        "Minimum power configuration for wireless communication
                 in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1240226.1240231",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article proposes the minimum power configuration
                 (MPC) approach to power management in wireless sensor
                 networks. In contrast to earlier research that treats
                 different radio states (i.e.,
                 transmission/reception/idle) in isolation, MPC
                 integrates them in a joint optimization problem that
                 depends on both the set of active nodes and the
                 transmission power. We propose four approximation
                 algorithms with provable performance bounds and two
                 practical routing protocols. Simulations based on
                 realistic radio models show that the MPC approach can
                 conserve more energy than existing minimum power
                 routing and topology control protocols. Furthermore, it
                 can flexibly adapt to network workload and radio
                 platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "ad hoc networks; energy efficiency; minimum power
                 configuration; sensor networks; wireless
                 communications",
}

@Article{Cheng:2007:CBP,
  author =       "Maggie X. Cheng and Lu Ruan and Weili Wu",
  title =        "Coverage breach problems in bandwidth-constrained
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1240226.1240232",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent research in sensor networks highlights the
                 low-power mode operation of sensor networks. In
                 wireless sensor networks, network lifetime can be
                 extended by organizing sensors into mutually exclusive
                 subsets and alternatively activating each subset.
                 Coverage breach occurs when a subset fails to cover all
                 the targets. In bandwidth-constrained sensor networks,
                 coverage breach is more likely to happen because when
                 active sensors periodically send data to the base
                 station, contention for channel access must be
                 considered. Channel bandwidth imposes a limit on the
                 cardinality of each subset. To make efficient use of
                 both energy and bandwidth with minimum coverage breach
                 requires optimal arrangement of sensor nodes.\par

                 This article addresses three coverage breach problems
                 related to the low-power operation of wireless sensor
                 networks where channel bandwidth is limited. The three
                 coverage breach problems are formulated using integer
                 linear programming models. A greedy approximation
                 algorithm and a heuristic based on the LP-relaxation
                 method are proposed. Effects of changing different
                 network resources on sensor network coverage are
                 studied through simulations. One consistent result is
                 that when the number of sensors increases, network
                 lifetime can be improved without loss of network
                 coverage only if there is no bandwidth constraint; with
                 bandwidth constraints, network lifetime may be improved
                 further at the cost of coverage breach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "coverage; coverage breach; energy efficiency; network
                 lifetime; scheduling; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Girod:2007:ESE,
  author =       "Lewis Girod and Nithya Ramanathan and Jeremy Elson and
                 Thanos Stathopoulos and Martin Lukac and Deborah
                 Estrin",
  title =        "{Emstar}: a software environment for developing and
                 deploying heterogeneous sensor-actuator networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1267060.1267061",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent work in wireless embedded networked systems has
                 followed heterogeneous designs, incorporating a mixture
                 of elements from extremely constrained 8- or 16-bit
                 ``Motes'' to less resource-constrained 32-bit embedded
                 ``Microservers.''\par

                 Emstar is a software environment for developing and
                 deploying complex applications on such heterogeneous
                 networks. Emstar is designed to leverage the additional
                 resources of Microservers by trading off some
                 performance for system robustness in sensor network
                 applications. It enables fault isolation, fault
                 tolerance, system visiblity, in-field debugging, and
                 resource sharing across multiple applications.\par

                 In order to accomplish these objectives, Emstar is
                 designed to run as a multiprocess system and consists
                 of libraries that implement message-passing IPC
                 primitives, services that support networking, sensing,
                 and time synchronization, and tools that support
                 simulation, emulation, and visualization of live
                 systems, both real and simulated. We evaluate this work
                 by discussing the Acoustic ENSBox, a platform for
                 distributed acoustic sensing that we built using
                 Emstar. We show that by leveraging existing Emstar
                 services, we are able to significantly reduce
                 development time while achieving a high degree of
                 robustness. We also show that a sample application was
                 developed much more quickly on this platform than it
                 would have been otherwise.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Emstar; Real code simulation; sensor networks;
                 TinyOS",
}

@Article{Zhu:2007:IHH,
  author =       "Sencun Zhu and Sanjeev Setia and Sushil Jajodia and
                 Peng Ning",
  title =        "Interleaved hop-by-hop authentication against false
                 data injection attacks in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1267060.1267062",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Sensor networks are often deployed in unattended
                 environments, thus leaving these networks vulnerable to
                 false data injection attacks in which an adversary
                 injects false data into the network with the goal of
                 deceiving the base station or depleting the resources
                 of the relaying nodes. Standard authentication
                 mechanisms cannot prevent this attack if the adversary
                 has compromised one or a small number of sensor nodes.
                 We present three interleaved hop-by-hop authentication
                 schemes that guarantee that the base station can detect
                 injected false data immediately when no more than $t$
                 nodes are compromised, where $t$ is a system design
                 parameter. Moreover, these schemes enable an
                 intermediate forwarding node to detect and discard
                 false data packets as early as possible. Our
                 performance analysis shows that our scheme is efficient
                 with respect to the security it provides, and it also
                 allows a tradeoff between security and performance. A
                 prototype implementation of our scheme indicates that
                 our scheme is practical and can be deployed on the
                 current generation of sensor nodes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "authentication; filtering false data; interleaved
                 hop-by-hop; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Hua:2007:ARS,
  author =       "Cunqing Hua and Tak-Shing Peter Yum",
  title =        "Asynchronous random sleeping for sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1267060.1267063",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Sleeping scheduling is a common energy-conservation
                 solution for sensor networks. For application whereby
                 coordination of sleeping among sensors is not possible
                 or inconvenient, random sleeping is the only option. In
                 this article, we study the asynchronous random
                 sleeping(ARS) scheme whereby sensors (i) do not need to
                 synchronize with each other, and (ii) do not need to
                 coordinate their sleeping schedules. The stationary
                 coverage probability and the expected coverage periods
                 for ARS are derived. For surveillance application, we
                 derive in addition the detection probability and
                 detection delay distribution. The correctness of our
                 results is validated through extensive simulations. We
                 compare ARS with other synchronous and asynchronous
                 sleeping scheduling algorithms and show that ARS offers
                 better performance in terms of detection delay in the
                 lower duty-cycle regime. We also conduct simulations to
                 demonstrate that our results can be a good
                 approximation for clock drifting case.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "energy conservation; event detection; k-coverage;
                 random sleeping; sensor network",
}

@Article{Huang:2007:SPK,
  author =       "Dijiang Huang and Deep Medhi",
  title =        "Secure pairwise key establishment in large-scale
                 sensor networks: an area partitioning and multigroup
                 key predistribution approach",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1267060.1267064",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Existing pairwise key establishment schemes for
                 large-scale sensor networks are vulnerable to various
                 passive or active attacks. We classify attacks as
                 selective node capture attacks, node fabrication
                 attacks, and insider attacks. In order to improve the
                 security robustness of random key predistribution and
                 pairwise key establishment schemes against these
                 attacks, we propose a five-phase pairwise key
                 predistribution and pairwise key establishment approach
                 by using area partitioning and multigroup key
                 predistribution. Our security performance studies show
                 that our proposed approach is resilient to selective
                 node capture and node fabrication attacks, and
                 restricts the consequence of any insider attack to a
                 minimal level.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "insider attack; node fabrication; selective node
                 capture; sensor",
}

@Article{Hoang:2007:CBC,
  author =       "Anh Tuan Hoang and Mehul Motani",
  title =        "Collaborative broadcasting and compression in
                 cluster-based wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1267060.1267065",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Achieving energy efficiency to prolong the network
                 lifetime is an important design criterion for wireless
                 sensor networks. In this article, we propose a novel
                 approach that exploits the broadcast nature of the
                 wireless medium for energy conservation in spatially
                 correlated wireless sensor networks. Since wireless
                 transmission is inherently broadcast, when one sensor
                 node transmits, other nodes in its coverage area can
                 receive the transmitted data. When data collected by
                 different sensors are correlated, each sensor can
                 utilize the data it overhears from other sensors to
                 compress its own data and conserve energy in its own
                 transmissions. We apply this idea to a class of
                 cluster-based wireless sensor networks in which each
                 sensing node transmits collected data directly to its
                 cluster head using time division multiple access
                 (TDMA). We formulate the problem in which sensors in
                 each cluster collaborate their transmitting, receiving,
                 and compressing activities to optimize their lifetimes.
                 We show that this lifetime optimization problem can be
                 solved by a sequence of linear programming problems. We
                 also propose a heuristic scheme which has low
                 complexity and achieves near optimal performance.
                 Important characteristics of wireless sensor networks
                 such as node startup cost and packet loss due to
                 transmission errors are also considered. Numerical
                 results show that by exploiting the broadcast nature of
                 the wireless medium, our control schemes achieve
                 significant improvement in the sensors' lifetimes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "broadcast communications; clustering; data
                 compression; data gathering; lifetime optimization;
                 sensor networks; spatial correlation",
}

@Article{Wan:2007:OTM,
  author =       "Chieh-Yih Wan and Shane B. Eisenman and Andrew T.
                 Campbell and Jon Crowcroft",
  title =        "Overload traffic management for sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1281492.1281493",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "There is a critical need for new thinking regarding
                 overload traffic management in sensor networks. It has
                 now become clear that experimental sensor networks
                 (e.g., mote networks) and their applications commonly
                 experience periods of persistent congestion and high
                 packet loss, and in some cases even congestion
                 collapse. This significantly impacts application
                 fidelity measured at the physical sinks, even under
                 light to moderate traffic loads, and is a direct
                 product of the funneling effect; that is, the
                 many-to-one multihop traffic pattern that characterizes
                 sensor network communications. Existing congestion
                 control schemes are effective at mitigating congestion
                 through rate control and packet drop mechanisms, but do
                 so at the cost of significantly reducing application
                 fidelity measured at the sinks. To address this problem
                 we propose to exploit the availability of a small
                 number of all wireless, multiradio virtual sinks that
                 can be randomly distributed or selectively placed
                 across the sensor field. Virtual sinks are capable of
                 siphoning off data events from regions of the sensor
                 field that are beginning to show signs of high traffic
                 load. In this paper, we present the design,
                 implementation, and evaluation of Siphon, a set of
                 fully distributed algorithms that support virtual sink
                 discovery and selection, congestion detection, and
                 traffic redirection in sensor networks. Siphon is based
                 on a Stargate implementation of virtual sinks that uses
                 a separate longer range radio network (based on IEEE
                 802.11) to siphon events to one or more physical sinks,
                 and a short-range mote radio to interact with the
                 sensor field at siphon points. Results from analysis,
                 simulation and an experimental 48 Mica2 mote testbed
                 show that virtual sinks can scale mote networks by
                 effectively managing growing traffic demands while
                 minimizing any negative impact on application fidelity.
                 Additionally, we show the scheme is competitive with
                 respect to energy consumption compared to a network
                 composed of only motes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "simulations; system design; testbeds",
}

@Article{Tague:2007:CSA,
  author =       "Patrick Tague and Radha Poovendran",
  title =        "A canonical seed assignment model for key
                 predistribution in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1281492.1281494",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A promising solution for trust establishment in
                 wireless sensor networks is the assignment of
                 cryptographic seeds (keys, secrets, etc.) to sensor
                 nodes prior to network deployment, known as key
                 predistribution. In this article, we propose a
                 canonical seed assignment model for key predistribution
                 characterizing seed assignment in terms of the
                 probability distribution describing the number of nodes
                 receiving each seed and the algorithm for seed
                 assignment. In addition, we present a sampling
                 framework for seed assignment algorithms in the
                 canonical model. We propose a probabilistic
                 $k$-connectivity model for randomly deployed secure
                 networks using spatial statistics and geometric random
                 graph theory. We analyze key predistribution schemes in
                 the canonical model in terms of network connectivity
                 and resilience to node capture. The analytical results
                 can be used to determine the average or worst-case
                 connectivity or resilience to node capture for a key
                 predistribution scheme. Furthermore, we demonstrate the
                 design of new key predistribution schemes and the
                 inclusion of existing schemes in the canonical model.
                 Finally, we present a general approach to analyze the
                 addition of nodes to an existing secure network and
                 derive results for a well-known scheme.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "key establishment; key predistribution; network
                 models; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Wang:2007:SPP,
  author =       "Dan Wang and Qian Zhang and Jiangchuan Liu",
  title =        "The self-protection problem in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1281492.1281495",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks have recently been suggested
                 for many surveillance applications, such as object
                 monitoring, path protection, or area coverage. Since
                 the sensors themselves are important and critical
                 objects in the network, a natural question is whether
                 they need certain level of protection, so as to resist
                 the attacks targeting on them directly. If this is
                 necessary, then who should provide this protection, and
                 how it can be done?\par

                 We refer to the above problem as self-protection, as we
                 believe the sensors themselves are the best (and often
                 the only) candidates to provide such protection. In
                 this article, we for the first time present a formal
                 study on the self-protection problems in wireless
                 sensor networks. We show that, if we simply focus on
                 enhancing the quality of field or object covering, the
                 sensors might not necessarily be self-protected, which
                 in turn makes the system extremely vulnerable. We then
                 investigate different forms of self-protections, and
                 show that the problems are generally NP-complete. We
                 develop efficient approximation algorithms for
                 centrally controlled sensors. We further extend the
                 algorithms to fully distributed implementation, and
                 introduce a smart sleep-scheduling algorithm that
                 minimizes the energy consumption.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "coverage; protection; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Zheng:2007:LUB,
  author =       "Yunhui Zheng and David J. Brady and Pankaj K.
                 Agarwal",
  title =        "Localization using boundary sensors: an analysis
                 based on graph theory",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1281492.1281496",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider sensors, such as fibers, lasers, and
                 pyroelectric motion detectors, that fire when objects
                 cross a boundary. A moving object can be localized by
                 analyzing sequences of boundary crossings. We consider
                 the number of distinct sequences and object positions
                 that can be achieved using boundary sensors in one- and
                 two-dimensional spaces. For 1D systems we use
                 representations of sensor sequences on graphs to derive
                 limits on the number of object locations that can be
                 monitored by a given sensor population and sequence
                 length. For 2D systems we show that in certain
                 circumstances the ratio of the number of unique sensor
                 sequences to the number of unique object paths is
                 exponential in the sequence length and we argue that
                 the probability of unique identification is high for
                 sufficiently large sequences. We also prove the
                 triangle grid can track an object with error limited to
                 a small neighborhood.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "boundary sensor; deployment graph; deployment
                 sequence; sensor sequence; sequence graph",
}

@Article{Kansal:2007:RMM,
  author =       "Aman Kansal and William Kaiser and Gregory Pottie and
                 Mani Srivastava and Gaurav Sukhatme",
  title =        "Reconfiguration methods for mobile sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1281492.1281497",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Motion may be used in sensor networks to change the
                 network configuration for improving the sensing
                 performance. We consider the problem of controlling
                 motion in a distributed manner for a mobile sensor
                 network for a specific form of motion capability.
                 Mobility itself may have a high resource overhead,
                 hence we exploit motility, a constrained form of
                 mobility, which has very low overheads but provides
                 significant reconfiguration potential. We present an
                 architecture that allows each node in the network to
                 learn the medium and phenomenon characteristics. We
                 describe a quantitative metric for sensing performance
                 that is concretely tied to real sensor and medium
                 characteristics, rather than assuming an abstract range
                 based model. The problem of determining the desirable
                 network configuration is expressed as an optimization
                 of this metric. We present a distributed optimization
                 algorithm which computes a desirable network
                 configuration, and adapts it to environmental changes.
                 The relationship of the proposed algorithm to simulated
                 annealing and incremental subgradient descent based
                 methods is discussed. A key property of our algorithm
                 is that convergence to a desirable configuration can be
                 proved even though no global coordination is involved.
                 A network protocol to implement this algorithm is
                 discussed, followed by simulations and experiments on a
                 laboratory test bed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "actuation; coverage; mobile or actuator systems;
                 mobility control; motion coordination; network
                 protocols; spatial resolution",
}

@Article{Ning:2008:MAA,
  author =       "Peng Ning and An Liu and Wenliang Du",
  title =        "Mitigating {DoS} attacks against broadcast
                 authentication in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1325651.1325652",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:44 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Broadcast authentication is a critical security
                 service in wireless sensor networks. There are two
                 general approaches for broadcast authentication in
                 wireless sensor networks: digital signatures and
                 $\mu$TESLA-based techniques. However, both
                 signature-based and $\mu$TESLA-based broadcast
                 authentication are vulnerable to Denial of Services
                 (DoS) attacks: An attacker can inject bogus broadcast
                 packets to force sensor nodes to perform expensive
                 signature verifications (in case of signature-based
                 broadcast authentication) or packet forwarding (in case
                 of $\mu$TESLA-based broadcast authentication), thus
                 exhausting their limited battery power. This paper
                 presents an efficient mechanism called message-specific
                 puzzle to mitigate such DoS attacks. In addition to
                 signature-based or $\mu$TESLA-based broadcast
                 authentication, this approach adds a weak authenticator
                 in each broadcast packet, which can be efficiently
                 verified by a regular sensor node, but takes a
                 computationally powerful attacker a substantial amount
                 of time to forge. Upon receiving a broadcast packet,
                 each sensor node first verifies the weak authenticator,
                 and performs the expensive signature verification (in
                 signature-based broadcast authentication) or packet
                 forwarding (in $\mu$TESLA-based broadcast
                 authentication) only when the weak authenticator is
                 valid. A weak authenticator cannot be precomputed
                 without a non-reusable (or short-lived) key disclosed
                 only in a valid packet. Even if an attacker has
                 intensive computational resources to forge one or more
                 weak authenticators, it is difficult to reuse these
                 forged weak authenticators. Thus, this weak
                 authentication mechanism substantially increases the
                 difficulty of launching successful DoS attacks against
                 signature-based or $\mu$TESLA-based broadcast
                 authentication. A limitation of this approach is that
                 it requires a powerful sender and introduces
                 sender-side delay. This article also reports an
                 implementation of the proposed techniques on TinyOS, as
                 well as initial experimental evaluation in a network of
                 MICAz motes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "broadcast authentication; DoS attacks; security;
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Krasniewski:2008:EED,
  author =       "Mark D. Krasniewski and Rajesh Krishna Panta and
                 Saurabh Bagchi and Chin-Lung Yang and William J.
                 Chappell",
  title =        "Energy-efficient on-demand reprogramming of
                 large-scale sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1325651.1325653",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:44 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "As sensor networks operate over long periods of
                 deployment in difficult to reach places, their
                 requirements may change or new code may need to be
                 uploaded to them. The current state-of-the-art
                 protocols (Deluge and MNP) for network reprogramming
                 perform the code dissemination in a multihop manner
                 using a three-way handshake where metadata is exchanged
                 prior to code exchange to suppress redundant
                 transmissions. The code image is also pipelined through
                 the network at the granularity of pages. In this
                 article we propose a protocol called Freshet for
                 optimizing the energy for code upload and speeding up
                 the dissemination if multiple sources of code are
                 available. The energy optimization is achieved by
                 equipping each node with limited nonlocal topology
                 information which it uses to determine the time when it
                 can go to sleep since code is not being distributed in
                 its vicinity. The protocol to handle multiple sources
                 provides a loose coupling of nodes to a source and
                 disseminates code in waves each originating at a source
                 with a mechanism to handle collisions when the waves
                 meet. The protocol's performance with respect to
                 reliability, delay, and energy consumed is demonstrated
                 through analysis, simulation, and implementation on the
                 Berkeley mote platform.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Deluge; network reprogramming; sensor networks;
                 three-way handshake; wireless communication",
}

@Article{Wang:2008:SLC,
  author =       "Chen Wang and Li Xiao",
  title =        "Sensor localization in concave environments",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1325651.1325654",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:44 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In sensor network localization, multihop based
                 approaches have been proposed to approximate the
                 shortest paths to Euclidean distances between pairwise
                 sensors. A good approximation can be achieved when
                 sensors are densely deployed in a convex area, where
                 the shortest paths are close to straight lines
                 connecting pairwise sensors. However, in a concave
                 network, the shortest paths may deviate far away from
                 straight lines, which leads to erroneous distance
                 estimation and inaccurate localization results. To
                 solve this problem, we propose an improved multihop
                 algorithm that can recognize and filter out the
                 erroneous distance estimation, and therefore achieve
                 accurate localization results even in a concave
                 network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "concave; localization; multihop; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Gupta:2008:EGC,
  author =       "Himanshu Gupta and Vishnu Navda and Samir Das and
                 Vishal Chowdhary",
  title =        "Efficient gathering of correlated data in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1325651.1325655",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:44 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we design techniques that exploit
                 data correlations in sensor data to minimize
                 communication costs (and hence, energy costs) incurred
                 during data gathering in a sensor network. Our proposed
                 approach is to select a small subset of sensor nodes
                 that may be sufficient to reconstruct data for the
                 entire sensor network. Then, during data gathering only
                 the selected sensors need to be involved in
                 communication. The selected set of sensors must also be
                 connected, since they need to relay data to the
                 data-gathering node. We define the problem of selecting
                 such a set of sensors as the connected
                 correlation-dominating set problem, and formulate it in
                 terms of an appropriately defined correlation structure
                 that captures general data correlations in a sensor
                 network.\par

                 We develop a set of energy-efficient distributed
                 algorithms and competitive centralized heuristics to
                 select a connected correlation-dominating set of small
                 size. The designed distributed algorithms can be
                 implemented in an asynchronous communication model, and
                 can tolerate message losses. We also design an
                 exponential (but nonexhaustive) centralized
                 approximation algorithm that returns a solution within
                 $O(\log n)$ of the optimal size. Based on the
                 approximation algorithm, we design a class of
                 centralized heuristics that are empirically shown to
                 return near-optimal solutions. Simulation results over
                 randomly generated sensor networks with both
                 artificially and naturally generated data sets
                 demonstrate the efficiency of the designed algorithms
                 and the viability of our technique --- even in dynamic
                 conditions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "correlated data; energy efficiency; topology control",
}

@Article{Karenos:2008:CBC,
  author =       "Kyriakos Karenos and Vana Kalogeraki and Srikanth V.
                 Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Cluster-based congestion control for sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1325651.1325656",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:44 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In wireless sensor networks, multiple flows from data
                 collecting sensors to an aggregating sink could
                 traverse paths that are largely interference coupled.
                 These interference effects manifest themselves as
                 congestion, and cause the flows to experience high
                 packet loss and arbitrary packet delays. This is
                 particularly problematic in event-based sensor networks
                 (such as those in disaster recovery missions) where
                 some flows are of greater importance than others and
                 require a higher fidelity in terms of packet delivery
                 and timeliness. In this paper we present COMUT
                 (COngestion control for MUlti-class Traffic), a
                 distributed cluster-based mechanism for supporting
                 multiple classes of traffic in sensor networks. COMUT
                 is based on the self-organization of the network into
                 clusters, each of which autonomously and proactively
                 monitors congestion within its localized scope. The
                 clusters then exchange appropriate information to
                 facilitate system wide rate control where, each data
                 source, depending on the relative importance of its
                 data flow and the experienced congestion en route the
                 sink, is coerced into controlling its rate. Our
                 simulation results demonstrate that (i) our techniques
                 are highly effective in dealing with multiple,
                 interfering flows and in achieving high delivery ratios
                 and low delays compared to traditional approaches, (ii)
                 operate successfully over multiple underlying routing
                 protocols, (iii) provide higher throughput to higher
                 importance flows, (iv) are responsive to failures and,
                 finally, (v) achieve substantial energy savings due to
                 the considerable reduction in packet drops via the
                 effective regulation of the network load.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "clusters; rate control; real time; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Sengul:2008:APB,
  author =       "Cigdem Sengul and Indranil Gupta and Matthew J.
                 Miller",
  title =        "Adaptive probability-based broadcast forwarding in
                 energy-saving sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1340771.1340772",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:53 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Networking protocols for multihop wireless sensor
                 networks (WSNs) are required to simultaneously minimize
                 resource usage as well as optimize performance metrics
                 such as latency and reliability. This article explores
                 the energy-latency-reliability tradeoff for broadcast
                 in WSNs by presenting a new protocol called PBBF.
                 Essentially, for a given reliability level, energy and
                 latency are found to be inversely related and our study
                 quantifies this relationship at the reliability
                 boundary. Therefore, PBBF offers an application
                 designer considerable flexibility in the choice of
                 desired operation points. Furthermore, we propose an
                 extension to dynamically adjust the PBBF parameters to
                 minimize the input required from the designer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "broadcast; probabilistic protocols; sensor network",
}

@Article{Nath:2008:SDR,
  author =       "Suman Nath and Phillip B. Gibbons and Srinivasan
                 Seshan and Zachary Anderson",
  title =        "Synopsis diffusion for robust aggregation in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1340771.1340773",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:53 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Previous approaches for computing duplicate-sensitive
                 aggregates in wireless sensor networks have used a tree
                 topology, in order to conserve energy and to avoid
                 double-counting sensor readings. However, a tree
                 topology is not robust against node and communication
                 failures, which are common in sensor networks. In this
                 article, we present synopsis diffusion, a general
                 framework for achieving significantly more accurate and
                 reliable answers by combining energy-efficient
                 multipath routing schemes with techniques that avoid
                 double-counting. Synopsis diffusion avoids
                 double-counting through the use of order- and
                 duplicate-insensitive (ODI) synopses that compactly
                 summarize intermediate results during in-network
                 aggregation. We provide a surprisingly simple test that
                 makes it easy to check the correctness of an ODI
                 synopsis. We show that the properties of ODI synopses
                 and synopsis diffusion create implicit acknowledgments
                 of packet delivery. Such acknowledgments enable
                 energy-efficient adaptation of message routes to
                 dynamic message loss conditions, even in the presence
                 of asymmetric links. Finally, we illustrate using
                 extensive simulations the significant robustness,
                 accuracy, and energy-efficiency improvements of
                 synopsis diffusion over previous approaches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "query processing; sensor networks; synopsis
                 diffusion",
}

@Article{Sugihara:2008:PMS,
  author =       "Ryo Sugihara and Rajesh K. Gupta",
  title =        "Programming models for sensor networks: a survey",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1340771.1340774",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:53 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Sensor networks have a significant potential in
                 diverse applications some of which are already
                 beginning to be deployed in areas such as environmental
                 monitoring. As the application logic becomes more
                 complex, programming difficulties are becoming a
                 barrier to adoption of these networks. The difficulty
                 in programming sensor networks is not only due to their
                 inherently distributed nature but also the need for
                 mechanisms to address their harsh operating conditions
                 such as unreliable communications, faulty nodes, and
                 extremely constrained resources. Researchers have
                 proposed different programming models to overcome these
                 difficulties with the ultimate goal of making
                 programming easy while making full use of available
                 resources. In this article, we first explore the
                 requirements for programming models for sensor
                 networks. Then we present a taxonomy of the programming
                 models, classified according to the level of
                 abstractions they provide. We present an evaluation of
                 various programming models for their responsiveness to
                 the requirements. Our results point to promising
                 efforts in the area and a discussion of the future
                 directions of research in this area.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "programming models and languages; survey; taxonomy",
}

@Article{Chitnis:2008:AML,
  author =       "Laukik Chitnis and Alin Dobra and Sanjay Ranka",
  title =        "Aggregation methods for large-scale sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1340771.1340775",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:53 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The ability to efficiently aggregate information ---
                 for example compute the average temperature --- in
                 large networks is crucial for the successful employment
                 of sensor networks. This article addresses the problem
                 of designing truly scalable protocols for computing
                 aggregates in the presence of faults, protocols that
                 can enable million node sensor networks to work
                 efficiently. More precisely, we make four distinct
                 contributions. First, we introduce a simple fault model
                 and analyze the behavior of two existing protocols
                 under the fault model: tree aggregation and gossip
                 aggregation. Second, since the behavior of the two
                 protocols depends on the size of the network and
                 probability of failure, we introduce a hybrid approach
                 that can leverage the strengths of the two protocols
                 and minimize the weaknesses; the new protocol is
                 analyzed under the same fault model. Third, we propose
                 methodology for determining the optimal mix between the
                 two basic protocols; the methodology consists in
                 formulating an optimization problem, using models of
                 the protocol behavior, and solving it. Fourth, we
                 perform extensive experiments to evaluate the
                 performance of the hybrid protocol and show that it
                 usually performs better, sometimes orders of magnitude
                 better, than both the tree and gossip aggregation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "fault tolerance; in-network processing and
                 aggregation; modeling faults; sensor fusion and
                 distributed inference",
}

@Article{Shrivastava:2008:DCS,
  author =       "Nisheeth Shrivastava and Subhash Suri and Csaba D.
                 T{\'o}th",
  title =        "Detecting cuts in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1340771.1340776",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:53 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a low-overhead scheme for detecting a
                 network partition or cut in a sensor network. Consider
                 a network $S$ of $n$ sensors, modeled as points in a
                 two-dimensional plane. An $\epsilon$-cut, for any $0 <
                 \varepsilon < 1$, is a linear separation of
                 $\varepsilon n$ nodes in $S$ from a distinguished node,
                 the base station. Our main result is that, by
                 monitoring the status of just $O(1/\epsilon)$ nodes in
                 the network, the base station can detect whenever an
                 $\epsilon$-cut occurs. Furthermore, this detection
                 comes with a deterministic guarantee that every
                 reported cut has size at least $\epsilon n / 2$.
                 Besides this combinatorial result, we also propose
                 efficient algorithms for finding the $O(1 / \epsilon)$
                 nodes that should act as sentinels, and report on our
                 simulation results, comparing the sentinel algorithm
                 with two natural schemes based on random sampling.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "computational geometry; distributed algorithms;
                 network failure",
}

@Article{Liu:2008:GBK,
  author =       "Donggang Liu and Peng Ning and Wenliang Du",
  title =        "Group-based key predistribution for wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1340771.1340777",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:50:53 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Many key predistribution techniques have been
                 developed recently to establish pairwise keys between
                 sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. To further
                 improve these schemes, researchers have also proposed
                 to take advantage of the sensors' expected locations
                 and discovered locations to help the predistribution of
                 the keying materials. However, in many cases, it is
                 very difficult to deploy sensor nodes at their expected
                 locations or guarantee the correct location discovery
                 at sensor nodes in hostile environments. In this
                 article, a group-based deployment model is developed to
                 improve key predistribution. In this model, sensor
                 nodes are only required to be deployed in groups. The
                 critical observation in the article is that the sensor
                 nodes in the same group are usually close to each other
                 after deployment. This deployment model is practical;
                 it greatly simplifies the deployment of sensor nodes,
                 while still providing an opportunity to improve key
                 predistribution. Specifically, the article presents a
                 novel framework for improving key predistribution using
                 the group-based deployment knowledge. This framework
                 does not require the knowledge of the sensors' expected
                 or discovered locations and is thus suitable for
                 applications where it is difficult to deploy the sensor
                 nodes at their expected locations or correctly estimate
                 the sensors' locations after deployment. To seek
                 practical key predistribution schemes, the article
                 presents two efficient instantiations of this
                 framework, a hash key-based scheme and a
                 polynomial-based scheme. The evaluation shows that
                 these two schemes are efficient and effective for
                 pairwise key establishment in sensor networks; they can
                 achieve much better performance than the previous key
                 predistribution schemes when the sensor nodes are
                 deployed in groups.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "group-based deployment; key predistribution; pairwise
                 key establishment; security; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Zamalloa:2008:EGR,
  author =       "Marco Z{\'u}{\~n}iga Zamalloa and Karim Seada and
                 Bhaskar Krishnamachari and Ahmed Helmy",
  title =        "Efficient geographic routing over lossy links in
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1362542.1362543",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:51:03 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent experimental studies have shown that wireless
                 links in real sensor networks can be extremely
                 unreliable, deviating to a large extent from the
                 idealized perfect-reception-within-range models used in
                 common network simulation tools. Previously proposed
                 geographic routing protocols commonly employ a
                 maximum-distance greedy forwarding technique that works
                 well in ideal conditions. However, such a forwarding
                 technique performs poorly in realistic conditions as it
                 tends to forward packets on lossy links. Based on a
                 recently developed link loss model, we study the
                 performance of a wide array of forwarding strategies,
                 via analysis, extensive simulations and a set of
                 experiments on motes. We find that the product of the
                 packet reception rate and the distance improvement
                 towards destination (PRR $\times d$) is a highly
                 suitable metric for geographic forwarding in realistic
                 environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "blacklisting; geographic routing; wireless sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Jourdan:2008:OSP,
  author =       "Damien B. Jourdan and Nicholas Roy",
  title =        "Optimal sensor placement for agent localization",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1362542.1362544",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:51:03 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article we consider deploying a sensor network
                 to help an agent navigate in an area. In particular the
                 agent uses range measurements to the sensors to
                 localize itself. We wish to place the sensors in order
                 to provide optimal localization accuracy to the agent.
                 We begin by considering the problem of placing sensors
                 in order to optimally localize the agent at a single
                 location. The Position Error Bound (PEB), a lower bound
                 on the localization accuracy, is used to measure the
                 quality of sensor configurations. We then present
                 RELOCATE, an iterative algorithm that places the
                 sensors so as to minimize the PEB at that point. When
                 the range measurements are unbiased and have constant
                 variances, we introduce a coordinate transform that
                 allows us to obtain a closed-form solution to
                 minimizing the PEB along one coordinate. We also prove
                 that RELOCATE converges to the global minimum, and we
                 compute the approximate expected rate of convergence of
                 the algorithm. We then apply RELOCATE to the more
                 complex case where the variance of the range
                 measurements depends on the sensors location and where
                 those measurements can be biased. We finally apply
                 RELOCATE to the case where the PEB must be minimized
                 not at a single point, but at multiple locations, so
                 that good localization accuracy is ensured as the agent
                 moves through the area. We show that, compared to
                 Simulated Annealing, the algorithm yields better
                 results faster on these more realistic scenarios. We
                 also show that by optimally placing the sensors,
                 significant savings in terms of number of sensors used
                 can be achieved. Finally we illustrate that the PEB is
                 not only a convenient theoretical lower bound, but that
                 it can actually be closely approximated by a maximum
                 likelihood estimator.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "localization; sensor placement; target location;
                 tracking; ultra-wideband (UWB)",
}

@Article{Wang:2008:PNC,
  author =       "Dan Wang and Qian Zhang and Jiangchuan Liu",
  title =        "Partial network coding: {Concept}, performance, and
                 application for continuous data collection in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1362542.1362545",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:51:03 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks have been widely used for
                 surveillance in harsh environments. In many such
                 applications, the environmental data are continuously
                 sensed, and data collection by a server is only
                 performed occasionally. Hence, the sensor nodes have to
                 temporarily store the data, and provide easy and
                 on-hand access for the most updated data when the
                 server approaches. Given the expensive server-to-sensor
                 communications, the large amount of sensors and the
                 limited storage space at each tiny sensor, continuous
                 data collection becomes a challenging problem.\par

                 In this article, we present partial network coding
                 (PNC) as a generic tool for these applications. PNC
                 generalizes the existing network coding (NC) paradigm,
                 an elegant solution for ubiquitous data distribution
                 and collection. Yet PNC allows efficient storage
                 replacement for continuous data, which is a deficiency
                 of the conventional NC. We prove that the performance
                 of PNC is quite close to NC, except for a sub-linear
                 overhead on storage and communications. We then address
                 a set of practical concerns toward PNC-based continuous
                 data collection in sensor networks. Its feasibility and
                 superiority are further demonstrated through simulation
                 results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "network coding; random linear coding; sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Ganeriwal:2008:RBF,
  author =       "Saurabh Ganeriwal and Laura K. Balzano and Mani B.
                 Srivastava",
  title =        "Reputation-based framework for high integrity sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1362542.1362546",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:51:03 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Sensor network technology promises a vast increase in
                 automatic data collection capabilities through
                 efficient deployment of tiny sensing devices. The
                 technology will allow users to measure phenomena of
                 interest at unprecedented spatial and temporal
                 densities. However, as with almost every data-driven
                 technology, the many benefits come with a significant
                 challenge in data reliability. If wireless sensor
                 networks are really going to provide data for the
                 scientific community, citizen-driven activism, or
                 organizations which test that companies are upholding
                 environmental laws, then an important question arises:
                 How can a user trust the accuracy of information
                 provided by the sensor network? Data integrity is
                 vulnerable to both node and system failures. In data
                 collection systems, faults are indicators that sensor
                 nodes are not providing useful information. In data
                 fusion systems the consequences are more dire; the
                 final outcome is easily affected by corrupted sensor
                 measurements, and the problems are no longer visibly
                 obvious.\par

                 In this article, we investigate a generalized and
                 unified approach for providing information about the
                 data accuracy in sensor networks. Our approach is to
                 allow the sensor nodes to develop a community of trust.
                 We propose a framework where each sensor node maintains
                 reputation metrics which both represent past behavior
                 of other nodes and are used as an inherent aspect in
                 predicting their future behavior. We employ a Bayesian
                 formulation, specifically a beta reputation system, for
                 the algorithm steps of reputation representation,
                 updates, integration and trust evolution. This
                 framework is available as a middleware service on motes
                 and has been ported to two sensor network operating
                 systems, TinyOS and SOS. We evaluate the efficacy of
                 this framework using multiple contexts: (1) a lab-scale
                 test bed of Mica2 motes, (2) Avrora simulations, and
                 (3) real data sets collected from sensor network
                 deployments in James Reserve.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Bayesian formulation; beta reputation system;
                 reputation; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Crespi:2008:TTA,
  author =       "Valentino Crespi and George Cybenko and Guofei Jiang",
  title =        "The theory of trackability with applications to sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1362542.1362547",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:51:03 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we formalize the concept of tracking
                 in a sensor network and develop a quantitative theory
                 of trackability of weak models that investigates the
                 rate of growth of the number of consistent tracks given
                 a temporal sequence of observations made by the sensor
                 network. The phenomenon being tracked is modelled by a
                 nondeterministic finite automaton (a weak model) and
                 the sensor network is modelled by an observer capable
                 of detecting events related, typically ambiguously, to
                 the states of the underlying automaton. Formally, an
                 input string of symbols (the sensor network
                 observations) that is presented to a nondeterministic
                 finite automaton, M, (the weak model) determines a set
                 of state sequences (the tracks or hypotheses) that are
                 capable of generating the input string. We study the
                 growth of the size of this candidate set of tracks as a
                 function of the length of the input string. One key
                 result is that for a given automaton and sensor
                 coverage, the worst-case rate of growth is either
                 polynomial or exponential in the number of
                 observations, indicating a kind of phase transition in
                 tracking accuracy. These results have applications to
                 various tracking problems of recent interest involving
                 tracking phenomena using noisy observations of hidden
                 states such as: sensor networks, computer network
                 security, autonomic computing and dynamic social
                 network analysis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "multiple hypotheses; sensor networks; tracking",
}

@Article{Jaggi:2008:NOA,
  author =       "Neeraj Jaggi and Koushik Kar and Ananth
                 Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Near-optimal activation policies in rechargeable
                 sensor networks under spatial correlations",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1362542.1362548",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 17:51:03 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We address the problem of optimal node activation in a
                 sensor network, where the optimization objective is
                 represented as a global time-average utility function
                 over the deployment area of the network. Each sensor
                 node is rechargeable, and can hold up to K quanta of
                 energy. When the recharge and/or discharge processes in
                 the network are random, the problem of optimal sensor
                 activation is a complex stochastic decision question.
                 For the case of identical sensor coverages, we show the
                 existence of a simple threshold policy which is
                 asymptotically optimal with respect to the energy
                 bucket size K, that is, the performance of this
                 threshold policy approaches the optimal performance as
                 K becomes large. We also show that the performance of
                 the optimal threshold policy is robust to the degree of
                 spatial correlation in the discharge and/or recharge
                 processes. We then extend this approach to a general
                 sensor network where coverage areas of different
                 sensors could have complete, partial or no overlap with
                 each other. We demonstrate through simulations that a
                 local information based threshold policy, with an
                 appropriately chosen threshold, achieves a performance
                 which is very close to the global optimum.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "coverage; energy-efficiency; rechargeable sensors;
                 sensor activation; sensor networks; spatial
                 correlations",
}

@Article{Xu:2008:DWS,
  author =       "Wenyuan Xu and Wade Trappe and Yanyong Zhang",
  title =        "Defending wireless sensor networks from radio
                 interference through channel adaptation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387664",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Radio interference, whether intentional or otherwise,
                 represents a serious threat to assuring the
                 availability of sensor network services. As such,
                 techniques that enhance the reliability of sensor
                 communications in the presence of radio interference
                 are critical. In this article, we propose to cope with
                 this threat through a technique called channel surfing,
                 whereby the sensor nodes in the network adapt their
                 channel assignments to restore network connectivity in
                 the presence of interference. We explore two different
                 approaches to channel surfing: coordinated channel
                 switching, in which the entire sensor network adjusts
                 its channel; and spectral multiplexing, in which nodes
                 in a jammed region switch channels and nodes on the
                 boundary of a jammed region act as radio relays between
                 different spectral zones. For coordinated channel
                 switching, we examine an autonomous strategy where each
                 node detects the loss of its neighbors in order to
                 initiate channel switching. To cope with latency issues
                 in the autonomous strategy, we propose a
                 broadcast-assisted channel switching strategy to more
                 rapidly coordinate channel switching. For spectral
                 multiplexing, we have devised both synchronous and
                 asynchronous strategies to facilitate the scheduling of
                 nodes in order to improve network fidelity when sensor
                 nodes operate on multiple channels. In designing these
                 algorithms, we have taken a system-oriented approach
                 that has focused on exploring actual implementation
                 issues under realistic network settings. We have
                 implemented these proposed methods on a testbed of 30
                 Mica2 sensor nodes, and the experimental results show
                 that channel surfing, in its various forms, is an
                 effective technique for repairing network connectivity
                 in the presence of radio interference, while not
                 introducing significant performance-overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Channel Surfing; Jamming; Radio Interference",
}

@Article{Yin:2008:ARU,
  author =       "Jie Yin and Qiang Yang and Dou Shen and Ze-Nian Li",
  title =        "Activity recognition via user-trace segmentation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387665",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A major issue of activity recognition in sensor
                 networks is automatically recognizing a user's
                 high-level goals accurately from low-level sensor data.
                 Traditionally, solutions to this problem involve the
                 use of a location-based sensor model that predicts the
                 physical locations of a user from the sensor data. This
                 sensor model is often trained offline, incurring a
                 large amount of calibration effort. In this article, we
                 address the problem using a goal-based segmentation
                 approach, in which we automatically segment the
                 low-level user traces that are obtained cheaply by
                 collecting the signal sequences as a user moves in
                 wireless environments. From the traces we discover
                 primitive signal segments that can be used for building
                 a probabilistic activity model to recognize goals
                 directly. A major advantage of our algorithm is that it
                 can reduce a significant amount of human effort in
                 calibrating the sensor data while still achieving
                 comparable recognition accuracy. We present our
                 theoretical framework for activity recognition, and
                 demonstrate the effectiveness of our new approach using
                 the data collected in an indoor wireless environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Activity recognition; motion patterns; segmentation",
}

@Article{Chatterjea:2008:DSO,
  author =       "Supriyo Chatterjea and Tim Nieberg and Nirvana
                 Meratnia and Paul Havinga",
  title =        "A distributed and self-organizing scheduling algorithm
                 for energy-efficient data aggregation in wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387666",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly being
                 used to monitor various parameters in a wide range of
                 environmental monitoring applications. In many
                 instances, environmental scientists are interested in
                 collecting raw data using long-running queries injected
                 into a WSN for analyzing at a later stage, rather than
                 injecting snap-shot queries containing data-reducing
                 operators (e.g., MIN, MAX, AVG) that aggregate data.
                 Collection of raw data poses a challenge to WSNs as
                 very large amounts of data need to be transported
                 through the network. This not only leads to high levels
                 of energy consumption and thus diminished network
                 lifetime but also results in poor data quality as much
                 of the data may be lost due to the limited bandwidth of
                 present-day sensor nodes. We alleviate this problem by
                 allowing certain nodes in the network to aggregate data
                 by taking advantage of spatial and temporal
                 correlations of various physical parameters and thus
                 eliminating the transmission of redundant data. In this
                 article we present a distributed scheduling algorithm
                 that decides when a particular node should perform this
                 novel type of aggregation. The scheduling algorithm
                 autonomously reassigns schedules when changes in
                 network topology, due to failing or newly added nodes,
                 are detected. Such changes in topology are detected
                 using cross-layer information from the underlying MAC
                 layer. We first present the theoretical performance
                 bounds of our algorithm. We then present simulation
                 results, which indicate a reduction in message
                 transmissions of up to 85\% and an increase in network
                 lifetime of up to 92\% when compared to collecting raw
                 data. Our algorithm is also capable of completely
                 eliminating dropped messages caused by buffer
                 overflow.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "cross-layer optimization; in-network data aggregation;
                 scheduling; self-organizing; spatio-temporal
                 correlation; Wireless sensor network",
}

@Article{Lai:2008:OBE,
  author =       "Wei Lai and Ioannis C. Paschalidis",
  title =        "Optimally balancing energy consumption versus latency
                 in sensor network routing",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387667",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider wireless sensor networks with nodes
                 switching ON (awake) and OFF (sleeping) to preserve
                 energy, and transmitting data over channels with
                 varying quality. The objective is to determine the best
                 path from each node to a single gateway. The
                 performance metrics we are interested in are: the
                 expected energy consumption, and the probability that
                 the latency exceeds a certain threshold. Under
                 Markovian assumptions on the sleeping schedules and the
                 channel conditions, we obtain the expected energy
                 consumption of transmitting a packet on any path to the
                 gateway. We also provide an upper (Chernoff) bound and
                 a tight large deviations asymptotic for the latency
                 probability on each path. To capture the trade-off
                 between energy consumption and latency probability, we
                 formulate the problem of choosing a path to minimize a
                 weighted sum of the expected energy consumption and the
                 exponent of the latency probability. We provide two
                 algorithms to solve this problem: a centralized
                 stochastic global optimization algorithm, and a
                 distributed algorithm based on simulated annealing. The
                 proposed methodology can also optimize over the
                 fraction of time that sensor nodes remain ON (duty
                 cycle).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "energy and resource management; latency; routing;
                 Sensor networks; sleeping schedule",
}

@Article{Malan:2008:IPK,
  author =       "David J. Malan and Matt Welsh and Michael D. Smith",
  title =        "Implementing public-key infrastructure for sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387668",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a critical evaluation of the first known
                 implementation of elliptic curve cryptography over
                 F$_{2 p}$ for sensor networks based on the 8-bit,
                 7.3828-MHz MICA2 mote. We offer, along the way, a
                 primer for those interested in the field of
                 cryptography for sensor networks. We discuss, in
                 particular, the decisions underlying our design and
                 alternatives thereto. And we elaborate on the
                 methodologies underlying our evaluation.\par

                 Through instrumentation of UC Berkeley's TinySec
                 module, we argue that, although symmetric cryptography
                 has been tractable in this domain for some time, there
                 has remained a need, unfulfilled until recently, for an
                 efficient, secure mechanism for distribution of secret
                 keys among nodes. Although public-key infrastructure
                 has been thought impractical, we show, through analysis
                 of our original implementation for TinyOS of point
                 multiplication on elliptic curves, that public-key
                 infrastructure is indeed viable for TinySec keys'
                 distribution, even on the MICA2. We demonstrate that
                 public keys can be generated within 34 seconds and that
                 shared secrets can be distributed among nodes in a
                 sensor network within the same time, using just over 1
                 kilobyte of SRAM and 34 kilobytes of ROM. We
                 demonstrate that communication costs are minimal, with
                 only 2 packets required for transmission of a public
                 key among nodes. We make available all of our source
                 code for other researchers to download and use. And we
                 discuss recent results based on our work that
                 corroborate and improve upon our conclusions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Diffie--Hellman; DLP; ECC; ECDLP; elliptic curve
                 cryptography; MICA2; motes; sensor networks; TinyOS;
                 TinySec",
}

@Article{Song:2008:LPP,
  author =       "Hui Song and Sencun Zhu and Wensheng Zhang and Guohong
                 Cao",
  title =        "Least privilege and privilege deprivation: {Toward}
                 tolerating mobile sink compromises in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387669",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Mobile sinks are needed in many sensor network
                 applications for efficient data collection, data
                 querying, localized sensor reprogramming, identifying,
                 and revoking compromised sensors, and other network
                 maintenance. Employing mobile sinks however raises a
                 new security challenge: if a mobile sink is given too
                 many privileges, it will become very attractive for
                 attack and compromise. Using a compromised mobile sink,
                 an adversary may easily bring down or even take over
                 the sensor network. Thus, security mechanisms that can
                 tolerate mobile sink compromises are essential. In this
                 article, based on the {\em principle of least
                 privilege}, we first propose an efficient scheme to
                 restrict the privilege of a mobile sink without
                 impeding its ability to carry out any authorized
                 operations for an assigned task. In addition, we
                 present an extension to allow conditional trajectory
                 change due to unexpected events. To further reduce the
                 possible damage caused by a compromised mobile sink, we
                 propose efficient message forwarding schemes for
                 deleting the privilege assigned to a compromised mobile
                 sink immediately after its compromise has been
                 detected. Through detailed analysis, simulation, and
                 real implementation, we show that our schemes are
                 secure and efficient, and are highly practical for
                 sensor networks consisting of the current generation of
                 sensors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "key management; key revocation; Least privilege;
                 pairwise key; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Pattem:2008:ISC,
  author =       "Sundeep Pattem and Bhaskar Krishnamachari and Ramesh
                 Govindan",
  title =        "The impact of spatial correlation on routing with
                 compression in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387670",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The efficacy of data aggregation in sensor networks is
                 a function of the degree of spatial correlation in the
                 sensed phenomenon. The recent literature has examined a
                 variety of schemes that achieve greater data
                 aggregation by routing data with regard to the
                 underlying spatial correlation. A well known conclusion
                 from these papers is that the nature of optimal routing
                 with compression depends on the correlation level. In
                 this article we show the existence of a simple,
                 practical, and static correlation-unaware clustering
                 scheme that satisfies a min-max near-optimality
                 condition. The implication for system design is that a
                 static correlation-unaware scheme can perform as well
                 as sophisticated adaptive schemes for joint routing and
                 compression.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "analytical modeling; correlated data gathering; Sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Edara:2008:ANP,
  author =       "Pavan Edara and Ashwin Limaye and Krithi Ramamritham",
  title =        "Asynchronous in-network prediction: {Efficient}
                 aggregation in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387671",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Given a sensor network and aggregate queries over the
                 values sensed by subsets of nodes in the network, how
                 do we ensure that high quality results are served for
                 the maximum possible time? The issues underlying this
                 question relate to the fidelity of query results and
                 lifetime of the network. To maximize both, we propose a
                 novel technique called {\em asynchronous in-network
                 prediction\/} incorporating two computationally
                 efficient methods for in-network prediction of partial
                 aggregate values. These values are propagated via a
                 tree whose construction is cognizant of (a) the
                 coherency requirements associated with the queries, (b)
                 the remaining energy at the sensors, and (c) the
                 communication and message processing delays. Finally,
                 we exploit {\em in-network filtering\/} and {\em
                 in-network aggregation\/} to reduce the energy
                 consumption of the nodes in the network. Experimental
                 results over real world data support our claim that,
                 for aggregate queries with associated coherency
                 requirements, a prediction-based, asynchronous scheme
                 provides higher quality results for a longer amount of
                 time than a synchronous scheme. Also, whereas aggregate
                 dissemination techniques proposed so far for sensor
                 networks appear to have to trade-off quality of data
                 for energy efficiency, we demonstrate that this is not
                 always necessary.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Aggregation; coherency; energy efficient; prediction;
                 query processing",
}

@Article{Yap:2008:MWA,
  author =       "Kok-Kiong Yap and Vikram Srinivasan and Mehul Motani",
  title =        "{MAX}: {Wide} area human-centric search of the
                 physical world",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387672",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose MAX, a system that facilitates
                 human-centric search of the physical world. Instead of
                 organizing objects a priori, it allows humans to search
                 for and locate them as needed. Designed for the
                 following objectives: (i) human-centric operation, (ii)
                 privacy, and (iii) efficient searching of any tagged
                 object, MAX provides location information in a form
                 natural to humans, that is, with reference to
                 identifiable landmarks (such as, ``on the dining
                 table'') rather than precise coordinates. In the
                 system, all physical objects --- from documents to
                 clothing --- can be tagged, users then locate objects
                 using an intuitive search interface. To make searching
                 efficient, MAX adopts a hierarchical architecture
                 consisting of tags (bound to objects), substations
                 (bound to landmarks), and base-stations (bound to
                 localities). Tags can be marked as either public or
                 private, with private tags searchable only by the
                 owner. MAX also provides for privacy of physical
                 spaces. It requires minimal initial configuration, and
                 is robust to reconfiguration of the physical space. We
                 also present a methodology to design energy-optimal and
                 delay-optimal query protocols for a variety of device
                 choices, this optimizes system performance, and affords
                 insight into the appropriate actions for various
                 scenarios. We have implemented a simple prototype of
                 MAX, demonstrating the feasibility of the system for
                 human-centric search over several locations across a
                 wide area. We contend that a MAX-like search system
                 will enable sharing (e.g., books on a college campus)
                 and trading (e.g., buying and selling used books) of
                 physical resources, and will be the engine for a host
                 of new applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Human-centric; landmark-based localization; physical
                 world; search",
}

@Article{Li:2009:CNL,
  author =       "Li Li and Thomas Kunz",
  title =        "Cooperative node localization using nonlinear data
                 projection",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464421",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Cooperative node localization schemes that employ
                 nonlinear data reduction often deliver higher network
                 node position accuracy compared to many other
                 approaches. Other advantages of such algorithms are
                 that they require only a minimum number of anchor nodes
                 (if we require absolute locations) and that they can be
                 applied under both range-based and range-free
                 conditions. This article presents a novel cooperative
                 node localization scheme, applying an efficient neural
                 network nonlinear projection method called Curvilinear
                 Component Analysis (CCA). A thorough comparative
                 performance study of the proposed scheme in different
                 mission-critical operational network scenarios is
                 conducted. Compared with another leading cooperative
                 node localization algorithm, MDS-MAP, which employs
                 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS), the proposed CCA-MAP
                 approach significantly improves position estimate
                 accuracy in many of the scenarios. We also propose a
                 new local edge model for range-free distance matrix
                 approximation that considerably enhances the
                 performance for both MDS-MAP and CCA-MAP in certain
                 irregular network configurations which are very
                 challenging for node positioning.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "curvilinear component analysis; Localization;
                 multi-dimensional scaling; nonlinear mapping;
                 simulations",
}

@Article{Chen:2009:SRP,
  author =       "Yingying Chen and Konstantinos Kleisouris and Xiaoyan
                 Li and Wade Trappe and Richard P. Martin",
  title =        "A security and robustness performance analysis of
                 localization algorithms to signal strength attacks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464422",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Recently, it has been noted that localization
                 algorithms that use signal strength are susceptible to
                 noncryptographic attacks, which consequently threatens
                 their viability for sensor applications. In this work,
                 we examine several localization algorithms and evaluate
                 their robustness to attacks where an adversary
                 attenuates or amplifies the signal strength at one or
                 more landmarks. We study both point-based and
                 area-based methods that employ received signal strength
                 for localization, and propose several performance
                 metrics that quantify the estimator's precision, bias,
                 and error, including H{\"o}lder metrics, which quantify
                 the variability in position space for a given
                 variability in signal strength space. We then conduct a
                 trace-driven evaluation of a set of representative
                 algorithms, where we measured their performance as we
                 applied attacks on real data from two different
                 buildings. We found the median error degraded
                 gracefully, with a linear response as a function of the
                 attack strength. We also found that area-based
                 algorithms experienced a decrease and a spatial-shift
                 in the returned area under attack, implying that
                 precision increases though bias is introduced for these
                 schemes. Additionally, we observed similar values for
                 the average H{\"o}lder metric across most of the
                 algorithms, thereby providing strong experimental
                 evidence that nearly all the algorithms have similar
                 average responses to signal strength attacks with the
                 exception of the Bayesian Networks algorithm.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Localization; robustness; sensor networks; signal
                 strength attacks; susceptibility",
}

@Article{Jung:2009:SNL,
  author =       "Deokwoo Jung and Thiago Teixeira and Andreas
                 Savvides",
  title =        "Sensor node lifetime analysis: {Models} and tools",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464423",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents two lifetime models that
                 describe two of the most common modes of operation of
                 sensor nodes today, trigger-driven and duty-cycle
                 driven. The models use a set of hardware parameters
                 such as power consumption per task, state transition
                 overheads, and communication cost to compute a node's
                 average lifetime for a given event arrival rate.
                 Through comparison of the two models and a case study
                 from a real camera sensor node design we show how the
                 models can be applied to drive architectural decisions,
                 compute energy budgets and duty-cycles, and to preform
                 side-by-side comparison of different platforms. Based
                 on our models we present a MATLAB Wireless Sensor Node
                 Platform Lifetime Prediction and Simulation Package
                 (MATSNL). This demonstrates the use of the models using
                 sample applications drawn from existing sensor node
                 measurements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "duty cycle; event arrival rate; Node lifetime;
                 schedule-driven node; semi-Markov Chain; trigger driven
                 node",
}

@Article{Hu:2009:DEH,
  author =       "Wen Hu and Nirupama Bulusu and Chun Tung Chou and
                 Sanjay Jha and Andrew Taylor and Van Nghia Tran",
  title =        "Design and evaluation of a hybrid sensor network for
                 cane toad monitoring",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464424",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article investigates a wireless acoustic sensor
                 network application --- monitoring amphibian
                 populations in the monsoonal woodlands of northern
                 Australia. Our goal is to use automatic recognition of
                 animal vocalizations to census the populations of
                 native frogs and the invasive introduced species, the
                 cane toad. This is a challenging application because it
                 requires high frequency acoustic sampling, complex
                 signal processing, wide area sensing coverage and
                 long-lived unattended operation.\par

                 We set up two prototypes of wireless sensor networks
                 that recognize vocalizations of up to nine frog
                 species found in northern Australia. Our first
                 prototype consists of only resource-rich Stargate
                 devices. Our second prototype is more complex and
                 consists of a hybrid mixture of Stargates and
                 inexpensive, resource-poor Mica2 devices operating in
                 concert. In the hybrid system, the Mica2s are used to
                 collect acoustic samples, and expand the sensor network
                 coverage. The Stargates are used for resource-intensive
                 tasks such as fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and
                 machine learning.\par

                 The hybrid system incorporates four algorithms designed
                 to account for the sampling, processing, energy, and
                 communication bottlenecks of the Mica2s (1) high
                 frequency sampling, (2) thresholding and noise
                 reduction, to reduce data transmission by up to 90\%,
                 (3) sampling scheduling, which exploits the sensor
                 network redundancy to increase the effective sample
                 processing rate, and (4) harvesting-aware energy
                 management, which exploits sensor energy harvesting
                 capabilities to extend the system lifetime.\par

                 Our evaluation shows the performance of our systems
                 over a range of scenarios, and demonstrate that the
                 feasibility and benefits of a hybrid systems approach
                 justify the additional system complexity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "acoustic; application; high frequency sampling;
                 hybrid; Sensor networks; solar energy",
}

@Article{Dietrich:2009:LWS,
  author =       "Isabel Dietrich and Falko Dressler",
  title =        "On the lifetime of wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464425",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Network lifetime has become the key characteristic for
                 evaluating sensor networks in an application-specific
                 way. Especially the availability of nodes, the sensor
                 coverage, and the connectivity have been included in
                 discussions on network lifetime. Even quality of
                 service measures can be reduced to lifetime
                 considerations. A great number of algorithms and
                 methods were proposed to increase the lifetime of a
                 sensor network --- while their evaluations were always
                 based on a particular definition of network lifetime.
                 Motivated by the great differences in existing
                 definitions of sensor network lifetime that are used in
                 relevant publications, we reviewed the state of the art
                 in lifetime definitions, their differences, advantages,
                 and limitations. This survey was the starting point for
                 our work towards a generic definition of sensor network
                 lifetime for use in analytic evaluations as well as in
                 simulation models --- focusing on a formal and concise
                 definition of accumulated network lifetime and total
                 network lifetime. Our definition incorporates the
                 components of existing lifetime definitions, and
                 introduces some additional measures. One new concept is
                 the ability to express the service disruption tolerance
                 of a network. Another new concept is the notion of
                 time-integration: in many cases, it is sufficient if a
                 requirement is fulfilled over a certain period of time,
                 instead of at every point in time. In addition, we
                 combine coverage and connectivity to form a single
                 requirement called connected coverage. We show that
                 connected coverage is different from requiring
                 noncombined coverage and connectivity. Finally, our
                 definition also supports the concept of graceful
                 degradation by providing means of estimating the degree
                 of compliance with the application requirements. We
                 demonstrate the applicability of our definition based
                 on the surveyed lifetime definitions as well as using
                 some example scenarios to explain the various aspects
                 influencing sensor network lifetime.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "connectivity; coverage; lifetime; longevity; Sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Law:2009:EEL,
  author =       "Yee Wei Law and Marimuthu Palaniswami and Lodewijk
                 {Van Hoesel} and Jeroen Doumen and Pieter Hartel and
                 Paul Havinga",
  title =        "Energy-efficient link-layer jamming attacks against
                 wireless sensor network {MAC} protocols",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464426",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A typical wireless sensor node has little protection
                 against radio jamming. The situation becomes worse if
                 energy-efficient jamming can be achieved by exploiting
                 knowledge of the data link layer. Encrypting the
                 packets may help to prevent the jammer from taking
                 actions based on the content of the packets, but the
                 temporal arrangement of the packets induced by the
                 nature of the protocol might unravel patterns that the
                 jammer can take advantage of, even when the packets are
                 encrypted.\par

                 By looking at the packet interarrival times in three
                 representative MAC protocols, S-MAC, LMAC, and B-MAC,
                 we derive several jamming attacks that allow the jammer
                 to jam S-MAC, LMAC, and B-MAC energy efficiently. The
                 jamming attacks are based on realistic assumptions. The
                 algorithms are described in detail and simulated. The
                 effectiveness and efficiency of the attacks are
                 examined. In addition, we validate our simulation model
                 by comparing its results with measurements obtained
                 from actual implementation on our sensor node
                 prototypes. We show that it takes little effort to
                 implement such effective jammers, making them a
                 realistic threat.\par

                 Careful analysis of other protocols belonging to the
                 respective categories of S-MAC, LMAC, and B-MAC reveals
                 that those protocols are, to some extent, also
                 susceptible to our attacks. The result of this
                 investigation provides new insights into the security
                 considerations of MAC protocols.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "clustering; denial-of-service attacks; expectation
                 maximization; jamming; MAC protocols",
}

@Article{Bruck:2009:LRS,
  author =       "Jehoshua Bruck and Jie Gao and Anxiao (Andrew) Jiang",
  title =        "Localization and routing in sensor networks by local
                 angle information",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464427",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Location information is useful both for network
                 organization and for sensor data integrity. In this
                 article, we study the anchor-free 2D localization
                 problem by using local angle measurements. We prove
                 that given a unit disk graph and the angles between
                 adjacent edges, it is NP-hard to find a valid embedding
                 in the plane such that neighboring nodes are within
                 distance 1 from each other and non-neighboring nodes
                 are at least distance $\sqrt 2 / 2$ away. Despite the
                 negative results, however, we can find a planar spanner
                 of a unit disk graph by using only local angles. The
                 planar spanner can be used to generate a set of virtual
                 coordinates that enable efficient and local routing
                 schemes such as geographical routing or approximate
                 shortest path routing. We also proposed a practical
                 anchor-free embedding scheme by solving a linear
                 program. We show by simulation that it gives both a
                 good local embedding, with neighboring nodes embedded
                 close and non-neighboring nodes far away, and a
                 satisfactory global view such that geographical routing
                 and approximate shortest path routing on the embedded
                 graph are almost identical to those on the original
                 (true) embedding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "embedding; geographical routing; localization; planar
                 spanner subgraph; Sensor networks; wireless networks",
}

@Article{Zhou:2009:VRC,
  author =       "Zongheng Zhou and Samir R. Das and Himanshu Gupta",
  title =        "Variable radii connected sensor cover in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464428",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the useful approaches to exploit redundancy in
                 a sensor network is to keep active only a small subset
                 of sensors that are sufficient to cover the region
                 required to be monitored. The set of active sensors
                 should also form a connected communication graph, so
                 that they can autonomously respond to application
                 queries and/or tasks. Such a set of active sensors is
                 known as a connected sensor cover, and the problem of
                 selecting a minimum connected sensor cover has been
                 well studied when the transmission radius and sensing
                 radius of each sensor is fixed. In this article, we
                 address the problem of selecting a minimum energy-cost
                 connected sensor cover, when each sensor node can vary
                 its sensing and transmission radius; larger sensing or
                 transmission radius entails higher energy cost.\par

                 For the aforesaid problem, we design various
                 centralized and distributed algorithms, and compare
                 their performance through extensive experiments. One of
                 the designed centralized algorithms (called CGA) is
                 shown to perform within an $O(\log n)$ factor of the
                 optimal solution, where $n$ is the size of the network.
                 We have also designed a localized algorithm based on
                 Voronoi diagrams which is empirically shown to perform
                 very close to CGA and, due to its
                 communication-efficiency, results in significantly
                 prolonging the network lifetime. We also extend the
                 aforementioned algorithms to incorporate fault
                 tolerance. In particular, we show how to extend the
                 algorithms to address the minimum energy-cost connected
                 sensor $k$-cover problem, in which every point in the
                 query region needs to be covered by at least $k$
                 distinct active sensors. The CGA preserves the
                 approximation bound in this case. We also propose a
                 localized topology control scheme to preserve
                 $k$-connectivity, and use it to extend the
                 Voronoi-based approach to computing a minimum
                 energy-cost $k_1$-connected $k_2$-cover. We study the
                 performance of our proposed algorithms through
                 extensive simulations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "connectivity; coverage; energy conservation; sensor
                 networks; Topology control",
}

@Article{Vicaire:2009:ALT,
  author =       "Pascal Vicaire and Tian He and Qing Cao and Ting Yan
                 and Gang Zhou and Lin Gu and Liqian Luo and Radu
                 Stoleru and John A. Stankovic and Tarek F. Abdelzaher",
  title =        "Achieving long-term surveillance in {VigilNet}",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464429",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:22:49 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Energy efficiency is a fundamental issue for outdoor
                 sensor network systems. This article presents the
                 design and implementation of multidimensional power
                 management strategies in VigilNet, a major recent
                 effort to support long-term surveillance using
                 power-constrained sensor devices. A novel tripwire
                 service is integrated with an effective sentry and duty
                 cycle scheduling in order to increase the system
                 lifetime, collaboratively. The tripwire service
                 partitions a network into distinct, nonoverlapping
                 sections and allows each section to be scheduled
                 independently. Sentry scheduling selects a subset of
                 nodes, the sentries, which are turned on while the
                 remaining nodes save energy. Duty cycle scheduling
                 allows the active sentries themselves to be turned on
                 and off, further lowering the average power draw. The
                 multidimensional power management strategies proposed
                 in this article were fully implemented within a real
                 sensor network system using the XSM platform. We
                 evaluate key system parameters using a network of 200
                 XSM nodes in an outdoor environment, and an analytical
                 probabilistic model. We evaluate network lifetime using
                 a simulation of a 10,000-node network that uses
                 measured XSM power values. These evaluations
                 demonstrate the effectiveness of our integrated
                 approach and identify a set of lessons and guidelines,
                 useful for the future development of energy-efficient
                 sensor systems. One of the key results indicates that
                 the combination of the three presented power management
                 techniques is able to increase the lifetime of a
                 realistic network from 4 days to 200 days.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "and longevity; Applications of sensor and actuator
                 networks; connectivity; coverage; energy and resource
                 management; energy conservation; network protocols;
                 sensor networks; tracking",
}

@Article{Li:2009:UCM,
  author =       "Mo Li and Yunhao Liu",
  title =        "Underground coal mine monitoring with wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498916",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Environment monitoring in coal mines is an important
                 application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that has
                 commercial potential. We discuss the design of a
                 Structure-Aware Self-Adaptive WSN system, SASA. By
                 regulating the mesh sensor network deployment and
                 formulating a collaborative mechanism based on a
                 regular beacon strategy, SASA is able to rapidly detect
                 structure variations caused by underground collapses.
                 We further develop a sound and robust mechanism for
                 efficiently handling queries under instable
                 circumstances. A prototype is deployed with 27 mica2
                 motes in a real coal mine. We present our
                 implementation experiences as well as the experimental
                 results. To better evaluate the scalability and
                 reliability of SASA, we also conduct a large-scale
                 trace-driven simulation based on real data collected
                 from the experiments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "coal mine; structure monitoring; underground; Wireless
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Lim:2009:DLA,
  author =       "Hyuk Lim and Jennifer C. Hou",
  title =        "Distributed localization for anisotropic sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498917",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we address the issue of localization
                 in anisotropic sensor networks. Anisotropic networks
                 differ from isotropic networks in that they possess
                 properties that vary according to the direction of
                 measurement. Anisotropic characteristics result from
                 various factors such as the geographic shape of the
                 region (nonconvex region), different node densities,
                 irregular radio patterns, and anisotropic terrain
                 conditions. In order to characterize anisotropic
                 features, we devise a linear mapping method that
                 projects one embedding space built upon proximity
                 measures into geographic distance space by using the
                 truncated singular value decomposition (SVD)
                 pseudo-inverse technique. This transformation retains
                 as much topological information as possible and reduces
                 the effect of measurement noise on the estimates of
                 geographic distances. We show via simulation that the
                 proposed localization method outperforms DV-hop,
                 DV-distance, and MDS-MAP, and makes robust and accurate
                 estimates of sensor locations in both isotropic and
                 anisotropic sensor networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Localization; sensor networks; singular value
                 decomposition",
}

@Article{Zhu:2009:SSF,
  author =       "Xianjin Zhu and Rik Sarkar and Jie Gao",
  title =        "Segmenting a sensor field: {Algorithms} and
                 applications in network design",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498918",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The diversity of the deployment settings of sensor
                 networks is naturally inherited from the diversity of
                 geographical features of the embedded environment, and
                 greatly influences network design. Many sensor network
                 protocols in the literature implicitly assume that
                 sensor nodes are deployed inside a simple geometric
                 region, without considering possible obstacles and
                 holes in the deployment environment. When the real
                 deployment setting deviates from that, we often observe
                 degraded performance. Thus, it is highly desirable to
                 have a generic approach to handle sensor fields with
                 complex shapes. In this article, we propose a
                 segmentation algorithm that partitions an irregular
                 sensor field into nicely shaped pieces such that
                 algorithms and protocols that assume a nice sensor
                 field can be applied inside each piece. Across the
                 segments, problem dependent structures specify how the
                 segments and data collected in these segments are
                 integrated. Our segmentation algorithm does not require
                 any extra knowledge (e.g., sensor locations) and only
                 uses network connectivity information. This unified
                 spatial-partitioning approach makes the protocol design
                 become flexible and independent of deployment
                 specifics. Existing protocols are still reusable with
                 segmentation, and the development of new
                 topology-adaptive protocols becomes much easier. We
                 verified the correctness of the algorithm on various
                 topologies and evaluated the performance improvements
                 by integrating shape segmentation with several
                 fundamental problems in network design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "flow complex; network design; sensor networks; Shape
                 segmentation; topology-adaptive protocols",
}

@Article{Manulis:2009:SMF,
  author =       "Mark Manulis and J{\"o}rg Schwenk",
  title =        "Security model and framework for information
                 aggregation in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498919",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Information aggregation is an important operation in
                 wireless sensor networks (WSNs) executed for the
                 purpose of monitoring and reporting environmental data.
                 Due to the performance constraints of sensor nodes the
                 in-network form of the aggregation is especially
                 attractive since it allows saving expensive resources
                 during frequent network queries. Easy accessibility of
                 networks and nodes and almost no physical protection
                 against corruptions raise high security challenges.
                 Protection against attacks aiming to falsify the
                 aggregated result is considered to be of prime
                 importance.\par

                 In this article we design the first general framework
                 for secure information aggregation in WSNs focusing on
                 scenarios where aggregation is performed by one of its
                 nodes. The framework achieves security against node
                 corruptions and is based solely on the symmetric
                 cryptographic primitives that are more suitable for
                 WSNs in terms of efficiency. We analyze performance of
                 the framework and unlike many previous approaches
                 increase confidence in it by a rigorous proof of
                 security within the specially designed {\em formal
                 security model.\/}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Aggregation; framework; in-network processing;
                 provable security; wireless sensor network",
}

@Article{Huang:2009:SSF,
  author =       "Pei Huang and Hongyang Chen and Guoliang Xing and
                 Yongdong Tan",
  title =        "{SGF}: a state-free gradient-based forwarding protocol
                 for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498920",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Limitation on available resources is a major challenge
                 in wireless sensor networks. Due to high rates of
                 unexpected node/link failures, robust data delivery
                 through multiple hops also becomes a critical issue. In
                 this article we present a state-free gradient-based
                 forwarding (SGF) protocol to address these challenges.
                 Nodes running SGF do not maintain states of neighbors
                 or network topology and thus can scale to very large
                 networks. Without using routing tables, SGF builds a
                 cost field called {\em gradient\/} that provides each
                 node the direction to forward data. The maintenance of
                 gradient is purely driven by data transmissions and
                 hence incurs little overhead. To adapt to transient
                 channel variations and topology changes, the forwarder
                 of a routing node is selected opportunistically among
                 multiple candidate nodes through a distributed
                 contention process. Simulation results show that SGF
                 achieves significant energy savings and outperforms
                 several existing data forwarding protocols in terms of
                 packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "energy conservation; gradient; power control; robust
                 performance; Sensor networks; state-free",
}

@Article{Kulathumani:2009:TDS,
  author =       "Vinodkrishnan Kulathumani and Anish Arora and Mukundan
                 Sridharan and Murat Demirbas",
  title =        "{Trail}: a distance-sensitive sensor network service
                 for distributed object tracking",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498921",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Distributed observation and control of mobile objects
                 via static wireless sensors demands timely information
                 in a {\em distance-sensitive\/} manner: Information
                 about closer objects is required more often and more
                 quickly than that of farther objects. In this article,
                 we present a wireless sensor network protocol, Trail,
                 that supports distance-sensitive tracking of mobile
                 objects for in-network subscribers upon demand. Trail
                 achieves a find time that is linear in the distance
                 from a subscriber to an object, via a distributed data
                 structure that is updated only locally when the object
                 moves. Notably, Trail does not partition the network
                 into a hierarchy of clusters and clusterheads, and as a
                 result Trail has lower maintenance costs, is more
                 locally fault tolerant, and it better utilizes the
                 network in terms of load balancing and minimizing the
                 size of the data structure needed for tracking.
                 Moreover, Trail is reliable and energy efficient,
                 despite the network dynamics that are typical of
                 wireless sensor networks. Trail can be refined by
                 tuning certain parameters, thereby yielding a family of
                 protocols that are suited for different application
                 settings such as rate of queries, rate of updates, and
                 network size. We evaluate the performance of Trail by
                 analysis, simulations in a $90 \times 90$ sensor
                 network, and experiments on 105 Mica2 nodes in the
                 context of a pursuer-evader control application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "applications of sensor actuator networks; data storage
                 and query; Distributed tracking; energy efficiency;
                 fault tolerance; network protocol; scalability",
}

@Article{Kulkarni:2009:EEM,
  author =       "Sandeep Kulkarni and Limin Wang",
  title =        "Energy-efficient multihop reprogramming for sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498922",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Reprogramming of sensor networks is an important and
                 challenging problem, as it is often necessary to
                 reprogram the sensors in place. In this article, we
                 propose MNP, a multihop reprogramming service designed
                 for sensor networks. One of the problems in
                 reprogramming is the issue of message collision. To
                 reduce the problem of collision, we propose a sender
                 selection algorithm that attempts to guarantee that in
                 a given neighborhood there is at most one source
                 transmitting the program at a time. Furthermore, our
                 sender selection is greedy in that it tries to select
                 the sender that is expected to have the most impact. We
                 use pipelining to enable fast data propagation. MNP is
                 energy efficient because it reduces the active radio
                 time of a sensor node by putting the node into
                 ``sleep'' state when its neighbors are transmitting a
                 segment that is not of interest. We call this type of
                 sleep contention sleep. To further reduce the energy
                 consumption, we add noreq sleep, where sensor node goes
                 to sleep if none of its neighbors is interested in
                 receiving the segment it is advertising. We also
                 introduce an optional init sleep to reduce the energy
                 consumption in the initial phase of reprogramming.
                 Finally, we investigate the performance of MNP in
                 different network settings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "energy efficiency; network reprogramming; Sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Manohar:2009:PCS,
  author =       "Pallavi Manohar and S. Sundhar Ram and D. Manjunath",
  title =        "Path coverage by a sensor field: {The} nonhomogeneous
                 case",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498923",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We analyze the statistical properties of the coverage
                 of a one-dimensional path induced by a two-dimensional
                 nonhomogeneous random sensor network. Sensor locations
                 form a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and sensing area
                 for the sensors are circles of random independent and
                 identically distributed radii. We first characterize
                 the coverage of a straight-line path by the
                 nonhomogeneous one-dimensional Boolean model. We then
                 obtain an equivalent $M_t / G_t / \infty$, queue whose
                 busy period statistics is the same as the coverage
                 statistics of the line. We obtain $k$-coverage
                 statistics for an arbitrary point and a segment on the
                 $x$-axis. We provide upper and lower bounds on the
                 probability of complete $k$-coverage of a segment. We
                 illustrate all our results for the case of the sensor
                 deployment having a ``Laplacian'' intensity function.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Analysis; k -coverage of paths; nonhomogeneous queues;
                 nonhomogeneous sensor deployment; sensor network",
}

@Article{Lazos:2009:AET,
  author =       "Loukas Lazos and Radha Poovendran and James A.
                 Ritcey",
  title =        "Analytic evaluation of target detection in
                 heterogeneous wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498924",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we address the problem of target
                 detection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We
                 formulate the target detection problem as a line-set
                 intersection problem and use integral geometry to
                 analytically characterize the probability of target
                 detection for both stochastic and deterministic
                 deployments. Compared to previous work, we analyze WSNs
                 where sensors have heterogeneous sensing capabilities.
                 For the stochastic case, we evaluate the probability
                 that the target is detected by at least $k$ sensors and
                 compute the free path until the target is first
                 detected. For the deterministic case, we show an
                 analogy between the target detection problem and the
                 problem of minimizing the average symbol error
                 probability in 2D digital modulation schemes. Motivated
                 by this analogy, we propose a heuristic sensor
                 placement algorithm, called DATE, that makes use of
                 well-known signal constellations for determining good
                 WSN constellations. We also propose a heuristic called
                 CDATE for connected WSN constellations, that yields
                 high target detection probability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "heterogeneous; Target detection; wireless sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Kho:2009:DCA,
  author =       "Johnsen Kho and Alex Rogers and Nicholas R. Jennings",
  title =        "Decentralized control of adaptive sampling in wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525857",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The efficient allocation of the limited energy
                 resources of a wireless sensor network in a way that
                 maximizes the information value of the data collected
                 is a significant research challenge. Within this
                 context, this article concentrates on adaptive sampling
                 as a means of focusing a sensor's energy consumption on
                 obtaining the most important data. Specifically, we
                 develop a principled information metric based upon
                 Fisher information and Gaussian process regression that
                 allows the information content of a sensor's
                 observations to be expressed. We then use this metric
                 to derive three novel decentralized control algorithms
                 for information-based adaptive sampling which represent
                 a trade-off in computational cost and optimality. These
                 algorithms are evaluated in the context of a deployed
                 sensor network in the domain of flood monitoring. The
                 most computationally efficient of the three is shown to
                 increase the value of information gathered by
                 approximately 83\%, 27\%, and 8\% per day compared to
                 benchmarks that sample in a na{\"\i}ve nonadaptive
                 manner, in a uniform nonadaptive manner, and using a
                 state-of-the-art adaptive sampling heuristic (USAC)
                 correspondingly. Moreover, our algorithm collects
                 information whose total value is approximately 75\% of
                 the optimal solution (which requires an exponential,
                 and thus impractical, amount of time to compute).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Adaptive sampling algorithm; decentralized decision
                 mechanism; Gaussian process regression; information
                 metric",
}

@Article{Castelluccia:2009:EPS,
  author =       "Claude Castelluccia and Aldar C-F. Chan and Einar
                 Mykletun and Gene Tsudik",
  title =        "Efficient and provably secure aggregation of encrypted
                 data in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525858",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of tiny
                 devices with limited computation and battery
                 capacities. For such resource-constrained devices, data
                 transmission is a very energy-consuming operation. To
                 maximize WSN lifetime, it is essential to minimize the
                 number of bits sent and received by each device. One
                 natural approach is to aggregate sensor data along the
                 path from sensors to the sink. Aggregation is
                 especially challenging if end-to-end privacy between
                 sensors and the sink (or aggregate integrity) is
                 required. In this article, we propose a simple and
                 provably secure encryption scheme that allows efficient
                 additive aggregation of encrypted data. Only one
                 modular addition is necessary for ciphertext
                 aggregation. The security of the scheme is based on the
                 indistinguishability property of a pseudorandom
                 function (PRF), a standard cryptographic primitive. We
                 show that aggregation based on this scheme can be used
                 to efficiently compute statistical values, such as
                 mean, variance, and standard deviation of sensed data,
                 while achieving significant bandwidth savings. To
                 protect the integrity of the aggregated data, we
                 construct an end-to-end aggregate authentication scheme
                 that is secure against outsider-only attacks, also
                 based on the indistinguishability property of PRFs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Authentication; cryptography; privacy; pseudorandom
                 functions; secure data aggregation; stream ciphers;
                 wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Cevher:2009:ASN,
  author =       "Volkan Cevher and Lance M. Kaplan",
  title =        "Acoustic sensor network design for position
                 estimation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525859",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we develop tractable mathematical
                 models and approximate solution algorithms for a class
                 of integer optimization problems with probabilistic and
                 deterministic constraints, with applications to the
                 design of distributed sensor networks that have limited
                 connectivity. For a given deployment region size, we
                 calculate the Pareto frontier of the sensor network
                 utility at the desired probabilities for
                 $d$-connectivity and $k$-coverage. As a result of our
                 analysis, we determine (1) the number of sensors of
                 different types to deploy from a sensor pool, which
                 offers a cost vs. performance trade-off for each type
                 of sensor, (2) the minimum required radio transmission
                 ranges of the sensors to ensure connectivity, and (3)
                 the lifetime of the sensor network. For generality, we
                 consider randomly deployed sensor networks and
                 formulate constrained optimization technique to obtain
                 the localization performance. The approach is guided
                 and validated using an unattended acoustic sensor
                 network design. Finally, approximations of the complete
                 statistical characterization of the acoustic sensor
                 networks are given, which enable average network
                 performance predictions of any combination of acoustic
                 sensors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Bayesian experimental design; dynamic programming;
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Luo:2009:DIE,
  author =       "Liqian Luo and Qing Cao and Chengdu Huang and Lili
                 Wang and Tarek F. Abdelzaher and John A. Stankovic and
                 Michael Ward",
  title =        "Design, implementation, and evaluation of {EnviroMic}:
                 a storage-centric audio sensor network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525860",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents the design, implementation, and
                 evaluation of {\em EnviroMic}, a low-cost experimental
                 prototype of a novel distributed acoustic monitoring,
                 storage, and trace retrieval system designed for
                 disconnected operation. Our intended use of acoustic
                 monitoring is to study animal populations in the wild.
                 Since a permanent connection to the outside world is
                 not assumed and due to the relatively large size of
                 audio traces, the system must optimally exploit
                 available resources such as energy and network storage
                 capacity. Towards that end, we design, prototype, and
                 evaluate distributed algorithms for coordinating
                 acoustic recording tasks, reducing redundancy of data
                 stored by nearby sensors, filtering out silence, and
                 balancing storage utilization in the network. For
                 experimentation purposes, we implement EnviroMic on a
                 TinyOS-based platform and systematically evaluate its
                 performance through both indoor testbed experiments and
                 an outdoor deployment. Results demonstrate up to a
                 four-fold improvement in effective storage capacity of
                 the network compared to uncoordinated recording.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "acoustics; applications; distributed storage; group
                 management; Sensor networks",
}

@Article{De:2009:DAM,
  author =       "Pradip De and Yonghe Liu and Sajal K. Das",
  title =        "Deployment-aware modeling of node compromise spread in
                 wireless sensor networks using epidemic theory",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525861",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Motivated by recently surfacing viruses that can
                 spread over the air interfaces, in this article, we
                 investigate the potentially disastrous threat of node
                 compromise spreading in wireless sensor networks. We
                 assume such a compromise originating from a single
                 infected node, can propagate to other sensor nodes via
                 communication and pre-established mutual trust. We
                 focus on the possible epidemic breakout of such
                 propagations where the whole network may fall victim to
                 the attack. Using epidemic theory, we model and analyze
                 this spreading process and identify key factors
                 determining potential outbreaks. In particular, we
                 perform our study on random graphs precisely
                 constructed according to the parameters of the network,
                 such as distance, key sharing constrained communication
                 and node recovery, thereby reflecting the true
                 characteristics therein. Moreover, a comparative study
                 of the epidemic propagation is performed based on the
                 effects of two types of sensor deployment strategies,
                 viz., uniform random and group-based deployment. The
                 analytical results provide deep insights in designing
                 potential defense strategies against this threat.
                 Furthermore, through extensive simulations, we validate
                 the model and perform investigations on the system
                 dynamics. Our analysis and simulation results indicate
                 that the uniform random deployment is more vulnerable
                 to an epidemic outbreak than the group based deployment
                 strategy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "epidemic theory; group-based deployment; random graph;
                 Random key predistribution; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Maierbacher:2009:LCC,
  author =       "Gerhard Maierbacher and Jo{\~a}o Barros",
  title =        "Low-complexity coding and source-optimized clustering
                 for large-scale sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525862",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider the distributed source coding problem in
                 which correlated data picked up by scattered sensors
                 has to be encoded separately and transmitted to a
                 common receiver, subject to a rate-distortion
                 constraint. Although near-to-optimal solutions based on
                 Turbo and LDPC codes exist for this problem, in most
                 cases the proposed techniques do not scale to networks
                 of hundreds of sensors. We present a scalable solution
                 based on the following key elements: (a)
                 distortion-optimized index assignments for
                 low-complexity distributed quantization, (b)
                 source-optimized hierarchical clustering based on the
                 Kullback--Leibler distance and (c) sum-product decoding
                 on specific factor graphs exploiting the correlation of
                 the data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Distributed source coding; hierarchical clustering;
                 quantizer design; source and correlation models",
}

@Article{Ni:2009:SND,
  author =       "Kevin Ni and Nithya Ramanathan and Mohamed Nabil Hajj
                 Chehade and Laura Balzano and Sheela Nair and Sadaf
                 Zahedi and Eddie Kohler and Greg Pottie and Mark Hansen
                 and Mani Srivastava",
  title =        "Sensor network data fault types",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525863",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This tutorial presents a detailed study of sensor
                 faults that occur in deployed sensor networks and a
                 systematic approach to model these faults. We begin by
                 reviewing the fault detection literature for sensor
                 networks. We draw from current literature, our own
                 experience, and data collected from scientific
                 deployments to develop a set of commonly used features
                 useful in detecting and diagnosing sensor faults. We
                 use this feature set to systematically define commonly
                 observed faults, and provide examples of each of these
                 faults from sensor data collected at recent
                 deployments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Data integrity; fault; sensor network",
}

@Article{Wettergren:2009:OPD,
  author =       "Thomas A. Wettergren and Russell Costa",
  title =        "Optimal placement of distributed sensors against
                 moving targets",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525864",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article addresses the problem of deploying a
                 sparse network of sensors for surveillance of moving
                 targets. The sensor networks of interest consist of
                 sensors which perform independent binary detection on a
                 target, and report detections to a central node for
                 fusion. An optimization framework is developed for
                 placement of sensors within a bounded search region,
                 given sensor performance characteristics, prior
                 information on anticipated target characteristics, and
                 a distributed detection criteria. Individual sensor
                 performance is represented parametrically as are priors
                 on target dynamics. Several numerical examples are
                 included that illustrate the utility of the
                 optimization approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "coverage; optimization; Sensor networks",
}

@Article{Rajamani:2009:IGA,
  author =       "Vasanth Rajamani and Sanem Kabadayi and Christine
                 Julien",
  title =        "An interrelational grouping abstraction for
                 heterogeneous sensors",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1525856.1525865",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:23:43 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In wireless sensor network applications, the potential
                 to use cooperation to resolve user queries remains
                 largely untapped. Efficiently answering a user's
                 questions requires identifying the correct set of nodes
                 that can answer the question and enabling coordination
                 between them. In this article, we propose a {\em query
                 domain\/} abstraction that allows an application to
                 dynamically specify the nodes best suited to answering
                 a particular query. Selecting the ideal set of
                 heterogeneous sensors entails answering two fundamental
                 questions --- {\em how\/} are the selected sensors
                 related to one another, and {\em where\/} should the
                 resulting sensor coalition be located. We introduce two
                 abstractions, the {\em proximity function\/} and the
                 {\em reference function}, to precisely specify each of
                 these concerns within a query. All nodes in the query
                 domain must satisfy any provided proximity function, a
                 user-defined function that constrains the relative
                 relationship among the group of nodes (e.g., based on a
                 property of the network or physical environment or on
                 logical properties of the nodes). The selected set of
                 nodes must also satisfy any provided reference
                 function, a mechanism to scope the location of the
                 query domain to a specified area of interest (e.g.,
                 within a certain distance from a specified reference
                 point). In this article, we model these abstractions
                 and present a set of protocols that accomplish this
                 task with varying degrees of correctness. We evaluate
                 their performance through simulation and highlight the
                 tradeoffs between protocol overhead and correctness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "clustering; energy-efficiency; Heterogeneous sensor
                 networks; proximity functions; querying abstraction",
}

@Article{Kamat:2009:TPW,
  author =       "Pandurang Kamat and Wenyuan Xu and Wade Trappe and
                 Yanyong Zhang",
  title =        "Temporal privacy in wireless sensor networks: {Theory}
                 and practice",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614380",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Although the content of sensor messages describing
                 ``events of interest'' may be encrypted to provide
                 confidentiality, the context surrounding these events
                 may also be sensitive and therefore should be protected
                 from eavesdroppers. An adversary armed with knowledge
                 of the network deployment, routing algorithms, and the
                 base-station (data sink) location can infer the
                 temporal patterns of interesting events by merely
                 monitoring the arrival of packets at the sink, thereby
                 allowing the adversary to remotely track the
                 spatio-temporal evolution of a sensed event. In this
                 paper we introduce the problem of temporal privacy for
                 delay-tolerant sensor networks, and propose adaptive
                 buffering at intermediate nodes on the source-sink
                 routing path to obfuscate temporal information from the
                 adversary. We first present the effect of buffering on
                 temporal privacy using an information-theoretic
                 formulation, and then examine the effect that delaying
                 packets has on buffer occupancy. We observe that
                 temporal privacy and efficient buffer utilization are
                 contrary objectives, and then present an adaptive
                 buffering strategy that effectively manages these
                 tradeoffs. Finally, we evaluate our privacy enhancement
                 strategies using simulations, where privacy is
                 quantified in terms of the adversary's mean square
                 error.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "privacy; security; Sensor networks; temporal privacy",
}

@Article{Liu:2009:CEE,
  author =       "Sha Liu and Kai-Wei Fan and Prasun Sinha",
  title =        "{CMAC}: an energy-efficient {MAC} layer protocol
                 using convergent packet forwarding for wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614381",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Low duty cycle operation is critical to conserve
                 energy in wireless sensor networks. Traditional wake-up
                 scheduling approaches either require periodic
                 synchronization messages or incur high packet delivery
                 latency due to the lack of any synchronization. To
                 simultaneously achieve the seemingly contradictory
                 goals of energy efficiency and low latency, the design
                 of a new low duty-cycle MAC layer protocol called
                 Convergent MAC (CMAC) is presented. CMAC avoids
                 synchronization overhead while supporting low latency.
                 By using zero communication when there is no traffic,
                 CMAC allows sensor nodes to operate at very low duty
                 cycles. When carrying traffic, CMAC first uses anycast
                 to wake up forwarding nodes, and then converges
                 gradually from route-suboptimal anycast with
                 unsynchronized duty cycling to route-optimal unicast
                 with synchronized scheduling. To validate our design
                 and provide a usable module for the research community,
                 CMAC has been implemented in TinyOS and evaluated on
                 the Kansei testbed consisting of 105 XSM nodes. The
                 results show that CMAC at 1\% duty cycle significantly
                 outperforms BMAC at 1\% in terms of latency, throughput
                 and energy efficiency. The performance of CMAC is also
                 compared with other protocols using simulations, in
                 which the results show for 1\% and lower duty cycles,
                 CMAC exhibits similar throughput and latency as CSMA/CA
                 using much less energy, and outperforms SMAC, DMAC and
                 GeRaF in almost all aspects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "29",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Aggressive RTS; anycast; CMAC; convergent forwarding;
                 MAC; wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Shrivastava:2009:TTB,
  author =       "Nisheeth Shrivastava and Raghuraman Mudumbai and
                 Upamanyu Madhow and Subhash Suri",
  title =        "Target tracking with binary proximity sensors",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614382",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We explore fundamental performance limits of tracking
                 a target in a two-dimensional field of binary proximity
                 sensors, and design algorithms that attain those limits
                 while providing minimal descriptions of the estimated
                 target trajectory. Using geometric and probabilistic
                 analysis of an idealized model, we prove that the
                 achievable spatial resolution in localizing a target's
                 trajectory is of the order of $1/\rho R$, where $R$ is
                 the sensing radius and $\rho$ is the sensor density per
                 unit area. We provide a geometric algorithm for
                 computing an economical (in descriptive complexity)
                 piecewise linear path that approximates the trajectory
                 within this fundamental limit of accuracy. We employ
                 analogies between binary sensing and sampling theory to
                 contend that only a ``lowpass'' approximation of the
                 trajectory is attainable, and explore the implications
                 of this observation for estimating the target's
                 velocity. We also consider nonideal sensing, employing
                 particle filters to average over noisy sensor
                 observations, and geometric postprocessing of the
                 particle filter output to provide an economical
                 piecewise linear description of the trajectory. In
                 addition to simulation results validating our
                 approaches for both idealized and nonideal sensing, we
                 report on lab-scale experiments using motes with
                 acoustic sensors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "binary sensing; distributed algorithms; fundamental
                 limits; Sensor networks; target tracking",
}

@Article{Lederer:2009:CBL,
  author =       "Sol Lederer and Yue Wang and Jie Gao",
  title =        "Connectivity-based localization of large-scale sensor
                 networks with complex shape",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "31:1--31:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614383",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the problem of localizing a large sensor
                 network having a complex shape, possibly with holes. A
                 major challenge with respect to such networks is to
                 figure out the correct network layout, that is, avoid
                 global flips where a part of the network folds on top
                 of another. Our algorithm first selects landmarks on
                 network boundaries with sufficient density, then
                 constructs the landmark Voronoi diagram and its dual
                 combinatorial Delaunay complex on these landmarks. The
                 key insight is that the combinatorial Delaunay complex
                 is provably {\em globally rigid\/} and has a {\em
                 unique\/} realization in the plane. Thus an embedding
                 of the landmarks by simply gluing the Delaunay
                 triangles properly recovers the faithful network
                 layout. With the landmarks nicely localized, the rest
                 of the nodes can easily localize themselves by
                 trilateration to nearby landmark nodes. This leads to a
                 practical and accurate localization algorithm for large
                 networks using only network connectivity. Simulations
                 on various network topologies show surprisingly good
                 results. In comparison, previous connectivity-based
                 localization algorithms such as multidimensional
                 scaling and rubberband representation generate globally
                 flipped or distorted localization results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "31",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Combinatorial Delaunay Complex; Embedding; Graph
                 Rigidity; Localization; Sensor Networks",
}

@Article{Shi:2009:OBS,
  author =       "Yi Shi and Y. Thomas Hou",
  title =        "Optimal base station placement in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32:1--32:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614384",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Base station location has a significant impact on
                 network lifetime performance for a sensor network. For
                 a multihop sensor network, this problem is particularly
                 challenging due to its coupling with data routing. This
                 article presents an approximation algorithm that can
                 guarantee $(1 - \epsilon)$-optimal network lifetime
                 performance for base station placement problem with any
                 desired error bound $\epsilon > 0$. The proposed $(1 -
                 \epsilon)$-optimal approximation algorithm is based on
                 several novel techniques that makes it possible to
                 reduce an infinite search space to a finite-element
                 search space for base station location. The first
                 technique used in this reduction is to discretize cost
                 parameter (associated with energy consumption) with
                 performance guarantee. Subsequently, the continuous
                 search space can be broken up into a finite number of
                 subareas. The second technique is to exploit the cost
                 property of each subarea and represent it by a novel
                 notion called fictitious cost point, each with
                 guaranteed cost bounds. We give a proof that the
                 proposed base station placement algorithm is $(1 -
                 \epsilon)$-optimal. This approximation algorithm is
                 simpler and faster than a state-of-the-art algorithm
                 and represents the best known result to the base
                 station placement problem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Approximation algorithm; base station placement;
                 network lifetime; sensor network",
}

@Article{Mathur:2009:ULP,
  author =       "Gaurav Mathur and Peter Desnoyers and Paul Chukiu and
                 Deepak Ganesan and Prashant Shenoy",
  title =        "Ultra-low power data storage for sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "33:1--33:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614385",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Local storage is required in many sensor network
                 applications, both for archival of detailed event
                 information, as well as to overcome sensor platform
                 memory constraints. Recent gains in energy efficiency
                 of new-generation NAND flash storage have strengthened
                 the case for in-network storage by data-centric sensor
                 network applications. We argue that current storage
                 solutions offering a simple file system abstraction are
                 inadequate for sensor applications to exploit storage.
                 Instead, we propose Capsule --- a rich, flexible and
                 portable object storage abstraction that offers stream,
                 file, array, queue and index storage objects for data
                 storage and retrieval. Further, Capsule supports
                 checkpointing and rollback of object state for fault
                 tolerance. Our experiments demonstrate that Capsule
                 provides platform independence, greater functionality
                 and greater energy efficiency than existing storage
                 solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "33",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "embedded systems; energy efficiency; file system;
                 flash memory; objects; sensors; storage system",
}

@Article{Paschalidis:2009:RDS,
  author =       "Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis and Dong Guo",
  title =        "Robust and distributed stochastic localization in
                 sensor networks: {Theory} and experimental results",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34:1--34:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614386",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a robust localization system allowing
                 wireless sensor networks to determine the physical
                 location of their nodes. The coverage area is
                 partitioned into regions and we seek to identify the
                 region of a sensor based on observations by stationary
                 clusterheads. Observations (e.g., signal strength) are
                 assumed random. We pose the localization problem as a
                 composite multihypothesis testing problem, develop the
                 requisite theory, and address the problem of optimally
                 placing clusterheads. We show that localization
                 decisions can be distributed by appropriate in-network
                 processing. The approach is validated in a testbed
                 yielding promising results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "34",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "hypothesis testing; information theory; localization;
                 optimal deployment; Sensor networks; testbed",
}

@Article{Deng:2009:MDF,
  author =       "Jing Deng",
  title =        "{Multihop\slash Direct Forwarding (MDF)} for static
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614387",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The success of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) depends
                 largely on efficient information delivery from target
                 areas toward data sinks. The problem of data forwarding
                 is complicated by the severe energy constraints of
                 sensors in WSNs. In this work, we propose and analyze a
                 data forwarding scheme, termed Multihop/Direct
                 Forwarding (MDF), for WSNs where sensor nodes forward
                 data traffic toward a common data sink. In the MDF
                 scheme, a node splits outgoing traffic into at most two
                 branches: one is sent to a node that is $h$ units away;
                 the other is sent directly to the data sink. The value
                 of $h$ is chosen to minimize the overall energy
                 consumption of the network. The direct transmission is
                 employed to balance the energy consumption of nodes at
                 different locations and to avoid the so-called hot spot
                 problem in data forwarding. In order to calculate its
                 traffic splitting ratio, a node only needs to know the
                 distance toward the common data sink and that of the
                 farthest node. Our analytical and simulation results
                 show that the MDF scheme performs close to, in terms of
                 energy efficiency and network lifetime, the optimum
                 data forwarding rules, which are more complex and
                 computation intensive.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Energy efficient; multihop forwarding; wireless sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Lachenmann:2009:MLG,
  author =       "Andreas Lachenmann and Klaus Herrmann and Kurt
                 Rothermel and Pedro Jos{\'e} Marr{\'o}n",
  title =        "On meeting lifetime goals and providing constant
                 application quality",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1614379.1614388",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Most work in sensor networks tries to maximize network
                 lifetime. However, for many applications the required
                 lifetime is known in advance. Therefore, application
                 quality should rather be maximized for that given time.
                 {\em Levels}, the approach presented in this article,
                 is a programming abstraction for energy-aware sensor
                 network applications that helps to meet such a
                 user-defined lifetime goal by deactivating optional
                 functionality.\par

                 With this programming abstraction, the application
                 developer defines so-called {\em energy levels}.
                 Functionality in energy levels is deactivated if the
                 required lifetime cannot be met otherwise. The runtime
                 system uses data about the energy consumption of
                 different levels to compute an optimal level assignment
                 that maximizes each node's quality for the time
                 remaining.\par

                 As described in this paper, {\em Levels\/} includes a
                 completely distributed coordination algorithm that
                 balances energy level assignments and keeps the
                 application quality of the network roughly constant
                 over time. In this approach, each node computes its
                 schedule based on those of its neighbors.\par

                 As the evaluation shows, applications using {\em
                 Levels\/} can accurately meet given lifetime goals with
                 only small fluctuations in application quality. In
                 addition, the runtime overhead both for computation and
                 for communication is negligible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "coordination; energy; lifetime goal; programming
                 abstraction; Wireless sensor network",
}

@Article{Gandhi:2009:CEM,
  author =       "Sorabh Gandhi and Subhash Suri and Emo Welzl",
  title =        "Catching elephants with mice: {Sparse} sampling for
                 monitoring sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653761",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a scalably efficient scheme for detecting
                 large-scale physically correlated events in sensor
                 networks. Specifically, we show that in a network of
                 $n$ sensors arbitrarily distributed in the plane, a
                 sample of $O(1/\epsilon \log 1/\epsilon)$ sensor nodes
                 ({\em mice\/}) is sufficient to catch any, and {\em
                 only those}, events that affect $\Omega(\epsilon n)$
                 nodes ({\em elephants\/}), for any 0 \par

                 While nearly optimal in theory, due to implicit
                 constant factors, these ``scale-free'' bounds still
                 prove too large in practice if applied blindly. We
                 therefore propose heuristic improvements and perform
                 empirical parameter tuning to counter the pessimism
                 inherent in these theoretical estimates. Using a
                 variety of data distributions and event geometries, we
                 show through simulations that the final scheme is
                 eminently scalable and practical, say, for $n \geq
                 1000$. The overall simplicity and generality of our
                 technique suggests that it is well suited for a wide
                 class of sensornet applications, including monitoring
                 of physical environments, network anomalies, network
                 security, or any abstract binary event that affects a
                 significant number of nodes in the network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Chen:2009:MGQ,
  author =       "Ai Chen and Ten H. Lai and Dong Xuan",
  title =        "Measuring and guaranteeing quality of barrier coverage
                 for general belts with wireless sensors",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653762",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Sensors may fail due to various reasons such as heat,
                 malicious activity, environmental hazards, extended
                 use, and lack of power. As more and more sensors fail,
                 certain desired properties such as barrier coverage
                 will diminish and eventually fall below a desired
                 level. In such a case, the network will have to be
                 repaired. It is therefore desirable to have mechanisms
                 to monitor network properties. In this article, we are
                 interested in measuring the quality of barrier
                 coverage, which is known to be an appropriate model of
                 coverage for movement detection applications such as
                 intrusion detection.\par

                 In the literature, researchers only consider whether or
                 not a sensor network provides barrier coverage. This is
                 equivalent to measuring its quality as either 0 or 1.
                 We believe quality of barrier coverage is not binary
                 and propose a metric for measuring it. If the measured
                 quality is short of a desired value, we further
                 identify all local regions that need to be repaired.
                 The identified regions are minimal in the sense that if
                 one of them is not repaired then the resulting network
                 will still be short of quality. We also discuss how to
                 actually repair a region.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "barrier coverage; measuring; quality; repairing;
                 Wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Jurdak:2009:DBO,
  author =       "Raja Jurdak and Antonio G. Ruzzelli and Gregory M. P.
                 O'hare and Russell Higgs",
  title =        "Directed broadcast with overhearing for sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653763",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The efficient management of scarce network resources,
                 including energy and bandwidth, represents a central
                 challenge for wireless sensor networks. The current
                 trend in resource management relies on the introduction
                 of control mechanisms, such as control message
                 exchanges, node-specific addressing, and storage of
                 partial network state information. These mechanisms
                 typically incur communication and processing overhead
                 that does not scale well for larger or denser networks.
                 Instead of introducing control mechanisms for network
                 resource management, this article proposes and
                 evaluates a Directed Broadcast with Overhearing (DBO)
                 approach for sensor networks that combines directed
                 broadcast at the network layer with CSMA and packet
                 overhearing at the MAC layer. Through avoidance of
                 control messaging and exchange of network state
                 information, DBO trades off limited packet duplication
                 overhead for control messaging overhead. This article
                 introduces an analytical model that provides the basis
                 for DBO evaluation and for analysis of the approach's
                 transient packet retransmissions, route convergence,
                 and energy consumption in the average and worst cases.
                 We also present the model implementation details and
                 the simulation experiments that explore the suitability
                 of DBO for networks of different sizes with three
                 different radio models that vary the width of grey
                 regions, and we compare DBO's energy consumption
                 against conventional unicast beacon-based and
                 snooping-based routing protocols. The results indicate
                 that DBO's route convergence requires an average of
                 five hops for ideal radio reception, seven hops for
                 narrow grey regions, and twelve hops for wide grey
                 regions. These results confirm that DBO shifts energy
                 consumption from critical nodes near the base station
                 to nodes near the source. The overall energy
                 consumption of limited packet duplication overhead with
                 DBO compared to unicast routing shrinks for medium- to
                 large-size networks, rendering it more favorable than
                 conventional communication approaches for large and
                 dense sensor networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "architecture; Cross-layer; directed broadcast;
                 overhearing; protocols; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Ruj:2009:KPU,
  author =       "Sushmita Ruj and Bimal Roy",
  title =        "Key predistribution using combinatorial designs for
                 grid-group deployment scheme in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653764",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a new grid-group deployment scheme in
                 wireless sensor networks. We use combinatorial designs
                 for key predistribution in sensor nodes. The deployment
                 region is divided into square regions. The
                 predistribution scheme has the advantage that all nodes
                 within a particular region can communicate with each
                 other directly and nodes which lie in a different
                 regions can communicate via special nodes called agents
                 which have more resources than the general nodes. The
                 number of agents in a region is always three, whatever
                 the size of the network. We give measures of resiliency
                 taking the Lee distance into account. Apart from
                 considering the resiliency in terms of fraction of
                 links broken, we also consider the resiliency as the
                 number of nodes and regions disconnected when some
                 sensor are compromised. This second measure, though
                 very important, had not been studied so far in key
                 predistribution schemes which use deployment knowledge.
                 We find that the resiliency as the fraction of links
                 compromised is better than existing schemes. The number
                 of keys preloaded in each sensor node is much less than
                 all existing schemes and nodes are either directly
                 connected or connected via two hop paths. The
                 deterministic key predistribution schemes result in
                 constant-time computation overhead for shared key
                 discovery and path key establishment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Combinatorial design; deployment; key predistribution;
                 Lee distance; secure communication; transversal
                 design",
}

@Article{Sadek:2009:EEC,
  author =       "Ahmed K. Sadek and Wei Yu and K. J. Ray Liu",
  title =        "On the energy efficiency of cooperative communications
                 in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653765",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Cooperative communications represent a potential
                 candidate to combat the effects of channel fading and
                 to increase the transmit energy efficiency in wireless
                 sensor networks with the downside being the increased
                 complexity. In sensor networks the power consumed in
                 the receiving and processing circuitry can constitute a
                 significant portion of the total consumed power. By
                 taking into consideration such overhead, an analytical
                 framework for studying the energy efficiency trade-off
                 of cooperation in sensor networks is presented. This
                 trade-off is shown to depend on several parameters such
                 as the receive and processing power, the required
                 quality-of-service, the power amplifier loss, and
                 several other factors. The analytical and numerical
                 results reveal that for small distance separation
                 between the source and destination, direct transmission
                 is more energy efficient than relaying. The results
                 also reveal that equal power allocation performs as
                 well as optimal power allocation for some scenarios.
                 The effects of the relay location and the number of
                 employed relays on energy efficiency are also
                 investigated in this work. Moreover, there are
                 experimental results conducted to verify the channel
                 model assumed in the article.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "cooperative communications; diversity; energy
                 efficiency; power allocation; Sensor networks",
}

@Article{Eisenman:2009:BMS,
  author =       "Shane B. Eisenman and Emiliano Miluzzo and Nicholas D.
                 Lane and Ronald A. Peterson and Gahng-Seop Ahn and
                 Andrew T. Campbell",
  title =        "{BikeNet}: a mobile sensing system for cyclist
                 experience mapping",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653766",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present BikeNet, a mobile sensing system for
                 mapping the cyclist experience. Built leveraging the
                 MetroSense architecture to provide insight into the
                 real-world challenges of people-centric sensing,
                 BikeNet uses a number of sensors embedded into a
                 cyclist's bicycle to gather quantitative data about the
                 cyclist's rides. BikeNet uses a dual-mode operation for
                 data collection, using opportunistically encountered
                 wireless access points in a delay-tolerant fashion by
                 default, and leveraging the cellular data channel of
                 the cyclist's mobile phone for real-time communication
                 as required. BikeNet also provides a Web-based portal
                 for each cyclist to access various representations of
                 her data, and to allow for the sharing of
                 cycling-related data (for example, favorite cycling
                 routes) within cycling interest groups, and data of
                 more general interest (for example, pollution data)
                 with the broader community. We present: a description
                 and prototype implementation of the system architecture
                 based on customized Moteiv Tmote Invent motes and
                 sensor-enabled Nokia N80 mobile phones; an evaluation
                 of sensing and inference that quantifies cyclist
                 performance and the cyclist environment; a report on
                 networking performance in an environment characterized
                 by bicycle mobility and human unpredictability; and a
                 description of BikeNet system user interfaces.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Applications; bicycling; recreation; systems",
}

@Article{Rajasegarar:2009:EAW,
  author =       "Sutharshan Rajasegarar and James C. Bezdek and
                 Christopher Leckie and Marimuthu Palaniswami",
  title =        "Elliptical anomalies in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653767",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Anomalies in wireless sensor networks can occur due to
                 malicious attacks, faulty sensors, changes in the
                 observed external phenomena, or errors in
                 communication. Defining and detecting these interesting
                 events in energy-constrained situations is an important
                 task in managing these types of networks. A key
                 challenge is how to detect anomalies with few false
                 alarms while preserving the limited energy in the
                 network. In this article, we define different types of
                 anomalies that occur in wireless sensor networks and
                 provide formal models for them. We illustrate the model
                 using statistical parameters on a dataset gathered from
                 a real wireless sensor network deployment at the Intel
                 Berkeley Research Laboratory. Our experiments with a
                 novel distributed anomaly detection algorithm show that
                 it can detect elliptical anomalies with exactly the
                 same accuracy as that of a centralized scheme, while
                 achieving a significant reduction in energy consumption
                 in the network. Finally, we demonstrate that our model
                 compares favorably to four other well-known schemes on
                 four datasets.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "anomaly detection; Elliptical anomalies; multivariate
                 analysis; outlier detection; security; wireless sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Cheng:2009:DAN,
  author =       "Bing Hwa Cheng and Lieven Vandenberghe and Kung Yao",
  title =        "Distributed algorithm for node localization in
                 wireless ad-hoc networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653768",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a distributed algorithm for node
                 localization based on the Gauss--Newton method. In this
                 algorithm, each node updates its own location estimate
                 using the pairwise distance measurements and the local
                 information it receives from the neighboring nodes.
                 Once the location estimate is updated, the sensor node
                 broadcasts the updated estimate to all the neighboring
                 nodes. A distributed and scalable local scheduling
                 algorithm for updating nodes in the network is
                 presented to avoid the use of the global coordinator or
                 a routing loop. We analytically show that the proposed
                 distributed algorithm converges under certain practical
                 assumptions of the network. The performance of the
                 algorithm is evaluated using both simulation and
                 experimental results. Quantitative comparisons among
                 different distributed algorithms are also presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Distributed optimization; Gauss--Newton; node
                 localization",
}

@Article{Wang:2009:SST,
  author =       "Ronghua Wang and Wenliang Du and Xiaogang Liu and Peng
                 Ning",
  title =        "{ShortPK}: a short-term public key scheme for
                 broadcast authentication in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1653760.1653769",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:24:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Broadcast authentication is an important functionality
                 in sensor networks. Energy constraints on sensor nodes
                 and the real-time nature of the broadcasts render many
                 of the existing solutions impractical: previous works
                 focusing primarily on symmetric key schemes have
                 difficulties in achieving real-time authentication.
                 Public Key Cryptography (PKC), however, can satisfy the
                 real-time requirements, and recent trends indicate that
                 public key is becoming feasible for sensor
                 networks.\par

                 However, PKC operations are still expensive
                 computations. It is impractical to use PKC in the
                 conventional ways for broadcast authentication in
                 sensor networks. To reduce costs, we propose {\em
                 ShortPK}, an efficient Short-term Public Key broadcast
                 authentication scheme. The basic idea is to use
                 short-length public/private keys, but limit their
                 lifetime to only a short period of time. To cover a
                 long period of time, we need to use many public/private
                 key pairs; distributing these public keys to sensors is
                 a challenging problem. We describe a progressive key
                 distribution scheme that is secure, efficient, and
                 packet-loss resilient. We compare our scheme with the
                 traditional 160-bit ECC public key schemes, and show
                 that our scheme can achieve a significant improvement
                 on energy consumption.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "communication; public key; Sensor networks",
}

@Article{Xu:2010:CGM,
  author =       "Xiaochun Xu and Nageswara S. V. Rao and Sartaj Sahni",
  title =        "A computational geometry method for localization using
                 differences of distances",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689240",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a computational geometry method for the
                 problem of estimating the location of a source in the
                 plane using measurements of distance-differences to it.
                 Compared to existing solutions to this well-studied
                 problem, this method is: (a) computationally more
                 efficient and adaptive in that its precision can be
                 controlled as a function of the number of computational
                 operations, and (b) robust with respect to measurement
                 and computational errors, and is not susceptible to
                 numerical instabilities typical of existing linear
                 algebraic or quadratic methods. This method employs a
                 binary search on a distance-difference curve in the
                 plane using a second distance-difference as the
                 objective function. We show the correctness of this
                 method by establishing the unimodality of directional
                 derivative of the objective function within each of a
                 small number of regions of the plane, wherein a
                 suitable binary search is supported. The computational
                 complexity of this method is $O(\log (1 / \gamma))$,
                 where the computed solution is guaranteed to be within
                 a distance $\gamma$ of the actual location of the
                 source. We present simulation results to compare this
                 method with existing DTOA localization methods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "distance-difference triangulation; DTOA localization;
                 geometric search; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Nordio:2010:IQE,
  author =       "Alessandro Nordio and Carla-Fabiana Chiasserini and
                 Emanuele Viterbo",
  title =        "The impact of quasi-equally spaced sensor topologies
                 on signal reconstruction",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689241",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A wireless sensor network with randomly deployed nodes
                 can be used to provide an irregular sampling of a
                 physical field of interest. We assume that a sink node
                 collects the data gathered by the sensors and uses a
                 linear filter for the reconstruction of a bandlimited
                 scalar field defined over a $d$-dimensional domain.
                 Sensors' locations are assumed to be known at the sink
                 node, up to a certain position error. We then take the
                 mean square error (MSE) of the reconstructed field as
                 performance metric, and evaluate the effect of both
                 uniform and quasi-equally spaced sensor layouts on the
                 quality of the reconstructed field. We define a
                 parameter that provides a measure of the regularity of
                 the sensors deployment, and, through asymptotic
                 analysis, we derive the MSE in the case of different
                 sensor spatial distributions. For two of them, an
                 approximate closed form expression is obtained. We
                 validate our analysis through numerical results, and we
                 show that an excellent match exists between analysis
                 and simulation even for a small number of sensors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "irregular sampling; performance evaluation; Sensor
                 networks; signal reconstruction",
}

@Article{Sang:2010:LAO,
  author =       "Lifeng Sang and Anish Arora and Hongwei Zhang",
  title =        "On link asymmetry and one-way estimation in wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689242",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Link asymmetry is one of the unique challenges that
                 wireless sensor networks pose in the design of network
                 protocols. We observe, based on testbed experiments,
                 that a substantial percentage of links are asymmetric,
                 many are even unidirectional. We also find that the
                 reliability of synchronous acknowledgments is
                 considerably higher than that of asynchronous messages.
                 Thus the norm of estimating link quality
                 bidirectionally via asynchronous beacons underestimates
                 the link reliability of asymmetric links. This leads us
                 to investigate how to exploit asymmetric links in order
                 to improve network functions such as convergecast
                 routing in sensor networks via one-way link estimation.
                 We propose a new one-way link metric ETF (for the {\em
                 expected number of transmissions over forward links\/})
                 and present a local procedure for its estimation. We
                 use ETF to identify reliable forward links, and we use
                 dynamic retransmission thresholding for error control.
                 Via experiments on testbeds of CC1000 radios and CC2420
                 radios (an IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio), we quantify
                 the performance improvement in ETF as compared with
                 ETX. We also study the performance improvement of ETF
                 over ETX when no special mechanism is employed to
                 discover asymmetric links or to control
                 retransmissions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "link estimation; routing; Sensor network",
}

@Article{Reddy:2010:UMP,
  author =       "Sasank Reddy and Min Mun and Jeff Burke and Deborah
                 Estrin and Mark Hansen and Mani Srivastava",
  title =        "Using mobile phones to determine transportation
                 modes",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689243",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "As mobile phones advance in functionality and
                 capability, they are being used for more than just
                 communication. Increasingly, these devices are being
                 employed as instruments for introspection into habits
                 and situations of individuals and communities. Many of
                 the applications enabled by this new use of mobile
                 phones rely on contextual information. The focus of
                 this work is on one dimension of context, the
                 transportation mode of an individual when outside. We
                 create a convenient (no specific position and
                 orientation setting) classification system that uses a
                 mobile phone with a built-in GPS receiver and an
                 accelerometer. The transportation modes identified
                 include whether an individual is stationary, walking,
                 running, biking, or in motorized transport. The overall
                 classification system consists of a decision tree
                 followed by a first-order discrete Hidden Markov Model
                 and achieves an accuracy level of 93.6\% when tested on
                 a dataset obtained from sixteen individuals.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Activity classification; mobile phones; transportation
                 mode inference",
}

@Article{Carbunar:2010:QPW,
  author =       "Bogdan Carbunar and Yang Yu and Weidong Shi and
                 Michael Pearce and Venu Vasudevan",
  title =        "Query privacy in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689244",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Existing mechanisms for querying wireless sensor
                 networks leak client interests to the servers
                 performing the queries. The leaks are not only in terms
                 of specific regions of interest but also of client
                 access patterns. In this article we introduce the
                 problem of preserving the privacy of clients querying a
                 wireless sensor network owned by untrusted
                 organizations. We first propose an efficient protocol,
                 SPYC, that ensures full client privacy in settings
                 where the servers providing access to the network are
                 honest-but-curious and whose collaboration does not
                 extend beyond well-defined administrative purposes.
                 Furthermore, we study the same query privacy problem in
                 a setting where servers exhibit malicious behavior or
                 where powerful external attackers have access to sensor
                 network traffic information. In this setting we propose
                 two metrics for quantifying the privacy achieved by a
                 client's query sequence. We then extend SPYC with a
                 suite of practical algorithms, then analyze the privacy
                 and efficiency levels they provide. Our TOSSIM
                 simulations show that the proposed extensions are
                 communication efficient while significantly improving
                 client privacy levels.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "data integrity; Data storage and query processing;
                 privacy; security",
}

@Article{Ni:2010:DRS,
  author =       "Jinfeng Ni and Li Zhou and Chinya V. Ravishankar",
  title =        "Dealing with random and selective attacks in wireless
                 sensor systems",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689245",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a framework for analyzing the effects of
                 random and selective compromises (using order
                 statistics) in sensor networks. We discuss the problem
                 of ensuring data integrity at the source and during
                 transit in sensor networks, and present an analysis of
                 the reliability of reports from mobile collectors. No
                 analysis has appeared in the literature of source
                 integrity for mobile nodes, or of selective attacks in
                 sensor networks. We address transit data integrity by
                 presenting mGKE, a key establishment scheme for general
                 group-based sensor deployments, and present a detailed
                 analytical and experimental comparison of mGKE with
                 current schemes. mGKE outperforms current methods in
                 terms of resilience, connectivity, and memory and
                 communication overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Attack models; fault tolerance; mobile sensors",
}

@Article{Srinivasan:2010:ESL,
  author =       "Kannan Srinivasan and Prabal Dutta and Arsalan
                 Tavakoli and Philip Levis",
  title =        "An empirical study of low-power wireless",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689246",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present empirical measurements of the packet
                 delivery performance of the latest sensor platforms:
                 Micaz and Telos motes. In this article, we present
                 observations that have implications to a set of common
                 assumptions protocol designers make while designing
                 sensornet protocols --- specifically --- the MAC and
                 network layer protocols. We first distill these common
                 assumptions in to a conceptual model and show how our
                 observations support or dispute these assumptions. We
                 also present case studies of protocols that do not make
                 these assumptions. Understanding the implications of
                 these observations to the conceptual model can improve
                 future protocol designs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "802.15.4; low-power wireless networks; metrics;
                 Wireless link; wireless measurement study; wireless
                 protocol design",
}

@Article{Ingelrest:2010:SAS,
  author =       "Fran{\c{c}}ois Ingelrest and Guillermo Barrenetxea and
                 Gunnar Schaefer and Martin Vetterli and Olivier Couach
                 and Marc Parlange",
  title =        "{SensorScope}: {Application-specific} sensor network
                 for environmental monitoring",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689247",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "SensorScope is a turnkey solution for environmental
                 monitoring systems, based on a wireless sensor network
                 and resulting from a collaboration between
                 environmental and network researchers. Given the
                 interest in climate change, environmental monitoring is
                 a domain where sensor networks will have great impact
                 by providing high resolution spatio-temporal data for
                 long periods of time. SensorScope is such a system,
                 which has already been successfully deployed multiple
                 times in various environments (e.g., mountainous,
                 urban). Here, we describe the overall hardware and
                 software architectures and especially focus on the
                 sensor network itself. We also describe one of our most
                 prominent deployments, on top of a rock glacier in
                 Switzerland, which resulted in the description of a
                 micro-climate phenomenon leading to cold air release
                 from a rock-covered glacier in a region of high alpine
                 risks. Another focus of this paper is the description
                 of what happened behind the scenes to turn SensorScope
                 from a laboratory experiment into successful outdoor
                 deployments in harsh environments. Illustrated by
                 various examples, we point out many lessons learned
                 while working on the project. We indicate the
                 importance of simple code, well suited to the
                 application, as well as the value of close interaction
                 with end-users in planning and running the network and
                 finally exploiting the data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Architecture; deployment; environmental monitoring;
                 implementation; wireless sensor network",
}

@Article{Zhu:2010:FTR,
  author =       "Mengxia Zhu and Song Ding and Qishi Wu and R. R.
                 Brooks and N. S. V. Rao and S. S. Iyengar",
  title =        "Fusion of threshold rules for target detection in
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1689239.1689248",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 16 15:25:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a binary decision fusion rule that reaches
                 a global decision on the presence of a target by
                 integrating local decisions made by multiple sensors.
                 Without requiring a priori probability of target
                 presence, the fusion threshold bounds derived using
                 Chebyshev's inequality ensure a higher hit rate and
                 lower false alarm rate compared to the weighted
                 averages of individual sensors. The Monte Carlo-based
                 simulation results show that the proposed approach
                 significantly improves target detection performance,
                 and can also be used to guide the actual threshold
                 selection in practical sensor network implementation
                 under certain error rate constraints.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "binary decision fusion; Chebyshev inequality; false
                 alarm rate; Hit rate; ROC curve; wireless sensor
                 network",
}

@Article{Ko:2010:HNU,
  author =       "Teresa Ko and Shaun Ahmadian and John Hicks and
                 Mohammad Rahimi and Deborah Estrin and Stefano Soatto
                 and Sharon Coe and Michael P. Hamilton",
  title =        "Heartbeat of a nest: {Using} imagers as biological
                 sensors",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754415",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a scalable end-to-end system for
                 vision-based monitoring of natural environments, and
                 illustrate its use for the analysis of avian nesting
                 cycles. Our system enables automated analysis of
                 thousands of images, where manual processing would be
                 infeasible. We automate the analysis of raw imaging
                 data using statistics that are tailored to the task of
                 interest. These ``features'' are a representation to be
                 fed to classifiers that exploit spatial and temporal
                 consistencies. Our testbed can detect the presence or
                 absence of a bird with an accuracy of 82\%, count eggs
                 with an accuracy of 84\%, and detect the inception of
                 the nesting stage within a day. Our results demonstrate
                 the challenges and potential benefits of using imagers
                 as biological sensors. An exploration of system
                 performance under varying image resolution and frame
                 rate suggest that an {\em in situ\/} adaptive vision
                 system is technically feasible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "computer vision; image network; sensor network; system
                 deployment",
}

@Article{Saukh:2010:BRL,
  author =       "Olga Saukh and Robert Sauter and Matthias Gauger and
                 Pedro Jos{\'e} Marr{\'o}n",
  title =        "On boundary recognition without location information
                 in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754416",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Boundary recognition is an important and challenging
                 issue in wireless sensor networks when no coordinates
                 or distances are available. The distinction between
                 inner and boundary nodes of the network can provide
                 valuable knowledge to a broad spectrum of algorithms.
                 This article tackles the challenge of providing a
                 scalable and range-free solution for boundary
                 recognition that does not require a high node density.
                 We explain the challenges of accurately defining the
                 boundary of a wireless sensor network with and without
                 node positions and provide a new definition of network
                 boundary in the discrete domain. Our solution for
                 boundary recognition approximates the boundary of the
                 sensor network by determining the majority of inner
                 nodes using geometric constructions, which guarantee
                 that for a given $d$, a node lies inside of the
                 construction for a $d$-quasi unit disk graph model of
                 the wireless sensor network. Moreover, such geometric
                 constructions make it possible to compute a guaranteed
                 distance from a node to the boundary. We present a
                 fully distributed algorithm for boundary recognition
                 based on these concepts and perform a detailed
                 complexity analysis. We provide a thorough evaluation
                 of our approach and show that it is applicable to dense
                 as well as sparse deployments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "boundary definition; boundary recognition; d-quasi
                 unit disk graphs; unit disk graphs; wireless sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Ning:2010:DST,
  author =       "Xu Ning and Christos G. Cassandras",
  title =        "Dynamic sleep time control in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754417",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Idle listening is a major source of energy waste in
                 wireless sensor networks. It can be reduced through
                 Low-Power Listening (LPL) techniques in which a node is
                 allowed to sleep for a significant amount of time. In
                 contrast to conventional fixed sleep time policies, we
                 introduce a novel dynamic sleep time control approach
                 that further reduces control packet energy waste by
                 utilizing known data traffic statistics. We propose two
                 distinct approaches to dynamically compute the sleep
                 time, depending on the objectives and constraints of
                 the network. The first approach provides a dynamic
                 sleep time policy that guarantees a specified average
                 delay at the sender node resulting from packets waiting
                 for the end of a sleep interval at the receiver. The
                 second approach determines the optimal policy that
                 minimizes total energy consumed. In the case where data
                 traffic statistics are unknown, we propose an adaptive
                 learning algorithm to estimate them online and develop
                 corresponding sleep time computation algorithms.
                 Simulation results are included to illustrate the use
                 of dynamic sleep time control and to demonstrate how it
                 dominates fixed sleep time methods. An implementation
                 of our approach on a commercial sensor node supports
                 the computational feasibility of the proposed
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "energy management; learning; low-power listening;
                 stochastic processes",
}

@Article{Wang:2010:EED,
  author =       "Jing Wang and Yonghe Liu and Sajal K. Das",
  title =        "Energy-efficient data gathering in wireless sensor
                 networks with asynchronous sampling",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754418",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A low sampling rate leads to reduced congestion and
                 hence energy consumption in the resource-constrained
                 wireless sensor networks. In this article, we propose
                 asynchronous sampling that shifts the sampling time
                 instances of sensor nodes from each other. For lossy
                 data gathering scenarios, the proposed approach
                 provides more information about the physical phenomena
                 in terms of increased entropy at a low sampling rate.
                 For lossless data gathering scenarios, on the other
                 hand, the sampling rate is lowered without sacrificing
                 critical knowledge required for signal reconstruction.
                 As lower sampling rates lead to smaller energy
                 consumption for processing and transmitting the
                 collected sensory data, the proposed asynchronous
                 sampling strategies are capable of achieving a better
                 trade-off between the lifetime of the network and the
                 quality of collected information. In addition to
                 mathematical analysis, simulation results based on real
                 data also verify the benefits of our asynchronous
                 sampling.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "asynchronous sampling; data gathering; energy
                 efficiency; models; temporal-spatial correlation;
                 wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Sharma:2010:SFD,
  author =       "Abhishek B. Sharma and Leana Golubchik and Ramesh
                 Govindan",
  title =        "Sensor faults: {Detection} methods and prevalence in
                 real-world datasets",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754419",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Various sensor network measurement studies have
                 reported instances of transient faults in sensor
                 readings. In this work, we seek to answer a simple
                 question: How often are such faults observed in real
                 deployments? We focus on three types of transient
                 faults, caused by faulty sensor readings that appear
                 abnormal. To understand the prevalence of such faults,
                 we first explore and characterize four qualitatively
                 different classes of fault detection methods.
                 Rule-based methods leverage domain knowledge to develop
                 heuristic rules for detecting and identifying faults.
                 Estimation methods predict ``normal'' sensor behavior
                 by leveraging sensor correlations, flagging anomalous
                 sensor readings as faults. Time-series-analysis-based
                 methods start with an a priori model for sensor
                 readings. A sensor measurement is compared against its
                 predicted value computed using time series forecasting
                 to determine if it is faulty. Learning-based methods
                 infer a model for the ``normal'' sensor readings using
                 training data, and then statistically detect and
                 identify classes of faults.\par

                 We find that these four classes of methods sit at
                 different points on the accuracy/robustness spectrum.
                 Rule-based methods can be highly accurate, but their
                 accuracy depends critically on the choice of
                 parameters. Learning methods can be cumbersome to
                 train, but can accurately detect and classify faults.
                 Estimation methods are accurate, but cannot classify
                 faults. Time-series-analysis-based methods are more
                 effective for detecting short duration faults than long
                 duration ones, and incur more false positives than the
                 other methods. We apply these techniques to four
                 real-world sensor datasets and find that the prevalence
                 of faults as well as their type varies with datasets.
                 All four methods are qualitatively consistent in
                 identifying sensor faults, lending credence to our
                 observations. Our work is a first step towards
                 automated online fault detection and classification.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "data integrity; fault detection; fault prevalence;
                 sensor networks; statistical techniques",
}

@Article{Shen:2010:EDD,
  author =       "Chung-Ching Shen and William L. Plishker and Dong-Ik
                 Ko and Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya and Neil Goldsman",
  title =        "Energy-driven distribution of signal processing
                 applications across wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754420",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications have been
                 studied extensively in recent years. Such applications
                 involve resource-limited embedded sensor nodes that
                 have small size and low power requirements. Based on
                 the need for extended network lifetimes in WSNs in
                 terms of energy use, the energy efficiency of
                 computation and communication operations in the sensor
                 nodes becomes critical. Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
                 applications typically require intensive data
                 processing operations and as a result are difficult to
                 implement directly in resource-limited WSNs. In this
                 article, we present a novel design methodology for
                 modeling and implementing computationally intensive DSP
                 applications applied to wireless sensor networks. This
                 methodology explores efficient modeling techniques for
                 DSP applications, including data sensing and
                 processing; derives formulations of Energy-Driven
                 Partitioning (EDP) for distributing such applications
                 across wireless sensor networks; and develops efficient
                 heuristic algorithms for finding partitioning results
                 that maximize the network lifetime. To address such an
                 energy-driven partitioning problem, this article
                 provides a new way of aggregating data and reducing
                 communication traffic among nodes based on application
                 analysis. By considering low data token delivery points
                 and the distribution of computation in the application,
                 our approach finds energy-efficient trade-offs between
                 data communication and computation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "DSP; energy efficiency; network lifetime; speech
                 recognition; wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Zhang:2010:DMM,
  author =       "Zhiguo Zhang and Ajay D. Kshemkalyani and Sol M.
                 Shatz",
  title =        "Dynamic multiroot, multiquery processing based on data
                 sharing in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754421",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Applications that exploit the capabilities of sensor
                 networks have triggered significant research on query
                 processing in sensor systems. Energy constraints make
                 optimizing query processing particularly important.
                 This article addresses multiroot, multiquery
                 optimization for region queries. The work focuses on
                 application-layer issues exploiting query semantics.
                 The article formulates three algorithms: a na{\"\i}ve
                 algorithm, without data sharing, and a static and
                 heuristic data-sharing algorithm. The heuristic
                 algorithm allows sharing of partially aggregated
                 results of preconfigured geographic regions and
                 exploits the location attribute of sensor nodes as a
                 grouping criterion. Simulation studies indicate the
                 potential for significant energy savings with the
                 proposed algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "distributed query processing; geographic coverage;
                 multiquery optimization; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Lee:2010:NLO,
  author =       "Huang Lee and Abtin Keshavarzian and Hamid Aghajan",
  title =        "Near-lifetime-optimal data collection in wireless
                 sensor networks via spatio-temporal load balancing",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754422",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In wireless sensor networks, periodic data collection
                 appears in many applications. During data collection,
                 messages from sensor nodes are periodically collected
                 and sent back to a set of base stations for processing.
                 In this article, we present and analyze a
                 near-lifetime-optimal and scalable solution for data
                 collection in stationary wireless sensor networks and
                 an energy-efficient packet exchange mechanism. In our
                 solution, instead of using a fixed network topology, we
                 construct a set of communication topologies and apply
                 each topology to different data collection cycles. We
                 not only use the flexibility in distributing the
                 traffic load across different routes in the network
                 (spatial load balancing), but also balance the energy
                 consumption in the time domain (temporal load
                 balancing). We show that this method achieves an
                 average energy consumption rate very close to the
                 optimal value found by network flow optimization
                 techniques. To increase the scalability, we further
                 extend our solution such that it can be applied to
                 networks with multiple base stations where each base
                 station only stores part of the network configuration,
                 cooperating with each other to find a global solution
                 in a distributed manner. The proposed methods are
                 analyzed and evaluated by simulations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "distributed algorithms; energy-efficient data
                 collection; lifetime optimization; routing and
                 scheduling design; wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Padhy:2010:UBA,
  author =       "Paritosh Padhy and Rajdeep K. Dash and Kirk Martinez
                 and Nicholas R. Jennings",
  title =        "A utility-based adaptive sensing and multihop
                 communication protocol for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1754414.1754423",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:19 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article reports on the development of a
                 utility-based mechanism for managing sensing and
                 communication in cooperative multisensor networks. The
                 specific application on which we illustrate our
                 mechanism is that of GlacsWeb. This is a deployed
                 system that uses battery-powered sensors to collect
                 environmental data related to glaciers which it
                 transmits back to a base station so that it can be made
                 available world-wide to researchers. In this context,
                 we first develop a sensing protocol in which each
                 sensor locally adjusts its sensing rate based on the
                 value of the data it believes it will observe. The
                 sensors employ a Bayesian linear model to decide their
                 sampling rate and exploit the properties of the
                 Kullback--Leibler divergence to place an appropriate
                 value on the data. Then, we detail a communication
                 protocol that finds optimal routes for relaying this
                 data back to the base station based on the cost of
                 communicating it (derived from the opportunity cost of
                 using the battery power for relaying data). Finally, we
                 empirically evaluate our protocol by examining the
                 impact on efficiency of a static network topology, a
                 dynamic network topology, the size of the network, the
                 degree of dynamism of the environment, and the mobility
                 of the nodes. In so doing, we demonstrate that the
                 efficiency gains of our new protocol, over the
                 currently implemented method over a 6 month period, are
                 78\%, 133\%, 100\%, and 93\%, respectively.
                 Furthermore, we show that our system performs at 65\%,
                 70\%, 63\%, and 70\% of the theoretical optimal,
                 respectively, despite being a distributed protocol that
                 operates with incomplete knowledge of the
                 environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "adaptive sampling; cost of communication; data
                 gathering; dynamic environment; energy efficiency;
                 network lifetime; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Puccinelli:2010:RDD,
  author =       "Daniele Puccinelli and Martin Haenggi",
  title =        "Reliable data delivery in large-scale low-power sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777407",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In data collection applications of low-end sensor
                 networks, a major challenge is ensuring reliability
                 without a significant goodput degradation. Short hops
                 over high-quality links minimize per-hop transmissions,
                 but long routes may cause congestion and load
                 imbalance. Longer links can be exploited to build
                 shorter routes, but poor links may have a high energy
                 cost. There exists a complex interplay among routing
                 performance (reliability, goodput, energy efficiency),
                 link estimation, congestion control, and load
                 balancing; we design a routing architecture, Arbutus,
                 that exploits this interplay, and perform an extensive
                 experimental evaluation on testbeds of 100-150 Berkeley
                 motes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "congestion control; load balancing; routing; wireless
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Dong:2010:SRV,
  author =       "Jing Dong and Kurt E. Ackermann and Brett Bavar and
                 Cristina Nita-Rotaru",
  title =        "Secure and robust virtual coordinate system in
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777408",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual Coordinate System (VCS)-based routing provides
                 a practical, efficient, and scalable means for
                 point-to-point routing in wireless sensor networks.
                 Several VCS-based routing protocols have been proposed
                 in the last few years, all assuming that nodes behave
                 correctly. However, many applications require deploying
                 sensor networks in adversarial environments, making
                 VCS-based routing protocols vulnerable to numerous
                 attacks.\par

                 In this article, we study the security of VCS-based
                 routing protocols, with a focus on the unique component
                 of VCS-based routing protocols, the virtual coordinate
                 system. We first identify the security requirements of
                 a correctly functioning VCS-based routing protocol and
                 a set of novel attacks that can result in the violation
                 of each of the identified requirements. The attacks
                 target the underlying virtual coordinate system and can
                 be mounted with low resources. However, they are
                 epidemic in nature and are highly destructive to system
                 performance. We then propose lightweight defense
                 mechanisms designed specifically for
                 resource-constrained sensor networks against each of
                 the identified attacks. The proposed techniques require
                 only local information on sensor nodes and take into
                 account the unreliable nature of wireless links and
                 network churn. Finally, we evaluate experimentally the
                 impact of the attacks and the effectiveness of our
                 defense mechanisms using a well-known VCS-based routing
                 protocol, BVR. Our experiments show that the proposed
                 techniques successfully mitigate all the identified
                 attacks under a realistic link model and even at a high
                 level of network churn.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "29",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "beacon vector routing; routing; secure beacon vector
                 routing; security; sensor network routing; virtual
                 coordinate system",
}

@Article{Gao:2010:CLC,
  author =       "Jie Gao and Radu Sion and Sol Lederer",
  title =        "Collaborative location certification for sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777409",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Location information is of essential importance in
                 sensor networks deployed for generating
                 location-specific event reports. When such networks
                 operate in hostile environments, it becomes imperative
                 to guarantee the correctness of event location claims.
                 In this article we address the problem of assessing
                 location claims of untrusted (potentially compromised)
                 nodes. The mechanisms introduced here prevent a
                 compromised node from generating illicit event reports
                 for locations other than its own. This is important
                 because by compromising ``easy target'' sensors (say,
                 sensors on the perimeter of the field that's easier to
                 access), the adversary should not be able to impact
                 data flows associated with other (``premium target'')
                 regions of the network.\par

                 To achieve this goal, in a process we call {\em
                 location certification}, data routed through the
                 network is ``tagged'' by participating nodes with
                 ``belief'' ratings, collaboratively assessing the
                 probability that the claimed source location is indeed
                 correct. The effectiveness of our solution relies on
                 the joint knowledge of participating nodes to assess
                 the truthfulness of claimed locations. By
                 collaboratively generating and propagating a set of
                 ``belief'' ratings with transmitted data and event
                 reports, the network allows authorized parties (e.g.,
                 final data sinks) to evaluate a metric of trust for the
                 claimed location of such reports. Belief ratings are
                 derived from a data model of observed past routing
                 activity. The solution is shown to feature a strong
                 ability to detect false location claims and compromised
                 nodes. For example, incorrect claims as small as 2 hops
                 (from the actual location) are detected with over 90\%
                 accuracy.\par

                 Finally, these new location certification mechanisms
                 can be deployed in tandem with traditional secure
                 localization, yet do not require it, and, in a sense,
                 can serve to minimize the need thereof.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "location certification; security; sensor networks;
                 systems",
}

@Article{Venkatasubramanian:2010:PVB,
  author =       "Krishna K. Venkatasubramanian and Sandeep K. S.
                 Gupta",
  title =        "Physiological value-based efficient usable security
                 solutions for body sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "31:1--31:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777410",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A Body Sensor Network (BSN) is a network of
                 economically powered, wireless, wearable, and implanted
                 health monitoring sensors, designed to continually
                 collect and communicate health information from the
                 host they are deployed on. Due to the sensitive nature
                 of the data collected, securing BSNs is important for
                 privacy preservation and protecting the host from
                 bodily harm.\par

                 In this article, we present Physiological Value-based
                 Security (PVS), a usable and efficient way of securing
                 intersensor communication schemes for BSNs. The PVS
                 scheme distributes the key used for securing a
                 particular message along with the message itself, by
                 hiding it using physiological values. In this way, it
                 not only eliminates the need for any explicit key
                 distribution, but also reduces the number of keys
                 required at each node to meet all its secure
                 communication requirements.\par

                 We further demonstrate the use of the PVS scheme in
                 securing {\em cluster\/} topology formation in BSNs.
                 Traditional protocols for cluster formation do not
                 consider security and are therefore susceptible to
                 malicious attacks. We present a PVS-based cluster
                 formation protocol which mitigates these attacks.
                 Performance analysis of the protocol shows that
                 compared to cluster formation protocols secured with
                 non-PVS-based key distribution schemes, it performs
                 efficiently.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "31",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "body sensor networks; efficiency;
                 environmentally-coupled security; physiological values;
                 secure cluster formation; usable security",
}

@Article{Wang:2010:DEE,
  author =       "Zijian Wang and Eyuphan Bulut and Boleslaw K.
                 Szymanski",
  title =        "Distributed energy-efficient target tracking with
                 binary sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32:1--32:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777411",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Target tracking is a typical and important cooperative
                 sensing application of wireless sensor networks. We
                 study it in its most basic form, assuming a binary
                 sensing model in which each sensor returns only 1-bit
                 information regarding target's presence or absence
                 within its sensing range. A novel, real-time and
                 distributed target tracking algorithm is introduced.
                 The algorithm is energy efficient and fault tolerant.
                 It estimates the target location, velocity, and
                 trajectory in a distributed and asynchronous manner.
                 The accuracy of the algorithm is analytically derived
                 under an ideal binary sensing model and extensive
                 simulations of ideal, imperfect, and faulty sensing
                 models show that the algorithm achieves good
                 performance. It outperforms other published algorithms
                 by yielding highly accurate estimates of the target's
                 location, velocity, and trajectory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "binary sensor networks; distributed algorithms; energy
                 efficient; target tracking",
}

@Article{Vedantam:2010:ADE,
  author =       "Satish Vedantam and Urbashi Mitra and Ashutosh
                 Sabharwal",
  title =        "Asymptotic distortion exponents for the estimation of
                 time-varying channels in multihop sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "33:1--33:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777412",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The problem of time-varying channel estimation in
                 multihop sensor networks is examined. Two relay
                 processing methods are explored: amplify-and-forward
                 and encode-and-forward. Bounds on the end-to-end
                 distortion for all internode channel estimates are
                 computed for these two relay processing schemes.
                 Performance is analyzed via the asymptotic limit of the
                 decay rate of the end-to-end distortion with respect to
                 SNR at high SNR. It is also established that
                 asymptotically in SNR, amplify-and-forward can
                 outperform encode-and-forward and in fact can achieve
                 the maximum possible distortion exponent (distortion
                 decay rate) order of unity. Linear and many-to-one
                 topologies are then examined and it is shown that
                 orthogonal access in the many-to-one network is
                 optimal.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "33",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "communication and estimation; joint communication and
                 estimation; rate distortion theory",
}

@Article{Paek:2010:TAT,
  author =       "Jeongyeup Paek and Ben Greenstein and Omprakash
                 Gnawali and Ki-Young Jang and August Joki and Marcos
                 Vieira and John Hicks and Deborah Estrin and Ramesh
                 Govindan and Eddie Kohler",
  title =        "The {Tenet} architecture for tiered sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34:1--34:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777413",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Most sensor network research and software design has
                 been guided by an architectural principle that permits
                 multinode data fusion on small-form-factor,
                 resource-poor nodes, or {\em motes}. While we were
                 among the earliest promoters of this approach, through
                 experience we found that this principle leads to
                 fragile and unmanageable systems and explore an
                 alternative. The {\em Tenet architecture\/} is
                 motivated by the observation that future large-scale
                 sensor network deployments will be {\em tiered},
                 consisting of motes in the lower tier and {\em
                 masters}, relatively unconstrained 32-bit platform
                 nodes, in the upper tier. Tenet constrains multinode
                 fusion to the master tier while allowing motes to
                 process locally-generated sensor data. This simplifies
                 application development and allows mote-tier software
                 to be reused. Applications running on masters {\em
                 task\/} motes by composing task descriptions from a
                 novel tasklet library. Our Tenet implementation also
                 contains a robust and scalable networking subsystem for
                 disseminating tasks and reliably delivering responses.
                 We show that a Tenet pursuit-evasion application
                 exhibits performance comparable to a mote-native
                 implementation while being considerably more compact.
                 We also present two real-world deployments of Tenet
                 system: a structural vibration monitoring application
                 at Vincent Thomas Bridge and an imaging-based habitat
                 monitoring application at James Reserve, and show that
                 tiered architecture scales network capacity and allows
                 reliable delivery of high rate data.$^1$",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "34",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "motes; network architecture; sensor networks; tiered
                 network",
}

@Article{Zhang:2010:RPA,
  author =       "Lei Zhang and Ligang Liu and Craig Gotsman and Steven
                 J. Gortler",
  title =        "An as-rigid-as-possible approach to sensor network
                 localization",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777414",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a novel approach to localization of sensors
                 in a network given a subset of noisy inter-sensor
                 distances. The algorithm is based on ``stitching''
                 together local structures by solving an optimization
                 problem requiring the structures to fit together in an
                 ``As-Rigid-As-Possible'' manner, hence the name ARAP.
                 The local structures consist of reference ``patches''
                 and reference triangles, both obtained from
                 inter-sensor distances. We elaborate on the
                 relationship between the ARAP algorithm and other
                 state-of-the-art algorithms, and provide experimental
                 results demonstrating that ARAP is significantly less
                 sensitive to sparse connectivity and measurement noise.
                 We also show how ARAP may be distributed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "as-rigid-as-possible; embedding; localization; sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Rowaihy:2010:SMA,
  author =       "Hosam Rowaihy and Matthew P. Johnson and Ou Liu and
                 Amotz Bar-Noy and Theodore Brown and Thomas La Porta",
  title =        "Sensor-mission assignment in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1777406.1777415",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 15 18:24:44 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "When a sensor network is deployed, it is typically
                 required to support multiple simultaneous missions.
                 Schemes that assign sensing resources to missions thus
                 become necessary. In this article, we formally define
                 the sensor-mission assignment problem and discuss some
                 of its variants. In its most general form, this problem
                 is NP-hard. We propose algorithms for the different
                 variants, some of which include approximation
                 guarantees. We also propose distributed algorithms to
                 assign sensors to missions which we adapt to include
                 energy-awareness to extend network lifetime. Finally,
                 we show comprehensive simulation results comparing
                 these solutions to an upper bound on the optimal
                 solution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "mission assignment; resource allocation; wireless
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Kusy:2010:RDS,
  author =       "Branislav Kus{\'y} and Isaac Amundson and Janos Sallai
                 and Peter V{\"o}lgyesi and Akos L{\'e}deczi and Xenofon
                 Koutsoukos",
  title =        "{RF} {Doppler} shift-based mobile sensor tracking and
                 navigation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806896",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Mobile wireless sensors require position updates for
                 tracking and navigation. We present a localization
                 technique that uses the Doppler shift in radio
                 transmission frequency observed by stationary sensors.
                 We consider two scenarios. In the first, the mobile
                 node is carried by a person. In the second, the mobile
                 node controls a robot. In both approaches the mobile
                 node transmits an RF signal, and infrastructure nodes
                 measure the Doppler-shifted frequency. Such
                 measurements enable us to calculate the position and
                 velocity of the mobile transmitter. Our experimental
                 results demonstrate that this technique is viable and
                 accurate for resource-constrained mobile sensor
                 tracking and navigation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Doppler effect; localization; navigation; Sensor
                 networks; tracking",
}

@Article{Zhang:2010:RTD,
  author =       "Jun Zhang and Xiaohua Jia and Guoliang Xing",
  title =        "Real-time data aggregation in contention-based
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806897",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We investigate the problem of delay constrained
                 maximal information collection for CSMA-based wireless
                 sensor networks. We study how to allocate the maximal
                 allowable transmission delay at each node, such that
                 the amount of information collected at the sink is
                 maximized and the total delay for the data aggregation
                 is within the given bound. We formulate the problem by
                 using dynamic programming and propose an optimal
                 algorithm for the optimal assignment of transmission
                 attempts. Based on the analysis of the optimal
                 solution, we propose a distributed greedy algorithm. It
                 is shown to have a similar performance as the optimal
                 one.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "CSMA/CA; data aggregation; delay constrained
                 transmission; real-time traffic; Sensor networks",
}

@Article{Kwon:2010:RLS,
  author =       "Youngmin Kwon and Kirill Mechitov and Sameer Sundresh
                 and Wooyoung Kim and Gul Agha",
  title =        "Resilient localization for sensor networks in outdoor
                 environments",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806898",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The process of determining the physical locations of
                 nodes in a wireless sensor network is known as {\em
                 localization}. Self-localization is critical for
                 large-scale sensor networks, because manual or assisted
                 localization is often impractical due to time
                 requirements, economic constraints, or inherent
                 limitations of the deployment scenarios. We propose
                 scalable solutions for reliably localizing wireless
                 sensor networks in environments conducive to several
                 types of ranging errors. We follow a hybrid
                 hardware-software approach for acoustic ranging or
                 radio interferometry to acquire internode distance
                 measurements, and a resilient self-localization
                 algorithm to compute the node location estimates. The
                 acoustic ranging method improves on previous work,
                 extending the practical measurement range up to 35 m in
                 grassy outdoor environments, achieving a
                 distance-invariant median measurement error of about
                 1\% (33 cm). The localization algorithm is based on
                 {\em least-squares scaling\/} with soft constraints.
                 Empirical evaluation using ranging results obtained
                 from sensor network field experiments and simulations
                 confirms that our approach is more resilient than
                 multidimensional scaling (MDS) algorithms against
                 large-magnitude ranging errors and sparse range
                 measurements: conditions that are common in large-scale
                 outdoor sensor network deployments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "least-squares scaling; localization; MDS;
                 multidimensional scaling; multilateration; Wireless
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Sugihara:2010:SCS,
  author =       "Ryo Sugihara and Rajesh K. Gupta",
  title =        "Speed control and scheduling of data mules in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806899",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Unlike traditional multihop forwarding among
                 stationary sensor nodes, use of mobile devices for data
                 collection in wireless sensor networks has recently
                 been gathering more attention. The use of mobility
                 significantly reduces the energy consumption at sensor
                 nodes, elongating the functional lifetime of the
                 network. However, a drawback is an increased data
                 delivery latency. Reducing the latency through
                 optimizing the motion of data mules is critical for
                 this approach to thrive. In this article, we focus on
                 the problem of motion planning, specifically,
                 determination of the speed of the data mule and the
                 scheduling of the communication tasks with the sensors.
                 We consider three models of mobility capability of the
                 data mule to accommodate different types of vehicles.
                 Under each mobility model, we design optimal and
                 heuristic algorithms for different problems: single
                 data mule case, single data mule with periodic data
                 generation case, and multiple data mules case. We
                 compare the performance of the heuristic algorithm with
                 a naive algorithm and also with the multihop forwarding
                 approach by numerical experiments. We also compare one
                 of the optimal algorithms with a previously proposed
                 method to see how our algorithm improves the
                 performance and is also useful in practice. As far as
                 we know, this study is the first of a kind that
                 provides a systematic understanding of the motion
                 planning problem of data mules.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Controlled mobility; linear programming; motion
                 planning; scheduling; simulation",
}

@Article{Hu:2010:TTW,
  author =       "Wen Hu and Hailun Tan and Peter Corke and Wen Chan
                 Shih and Sanjay Jha",
  title =        "Toward trusted wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806900",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents the design and implementation of
                 a trusted sensor node that provides Internet-grade
                 security at low system cost. We describe trustedFleck,
                 which uses a commodity Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
                 chip to extend the capabilities of a standard wireless
                 sensor node to provide security services such as {\em
                 message integrity, confidentiality, authenticity}, and
                 {\em system integrity\/} based on RSA public-key and
                 XTEA-based symmetric-key cryptography. In addition
                 trustedFleck provides secure storage of private keys
                 and provides platform configuration registers (PCRs) to
                 store system configurations and detect code tampering.
                 We analyze system performance using metrics that are
                 important for WSN applications such as computation
                 time, memory size, energy consumption and cost. Our
                 results show that trustedFleck significantly
                 outperforms previous approaches (e.g., TinyECC) in
                 terms of these metrics while providing stronger
                 security levels. Finally, we describe a number of
                 examples, built on trustedFleck, of symmetric key
                 management, secure RPC, secure software update, and
                 {\em remote attestation}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "public key (PK); remote attestation; RSA; TPM; trusted
                 computing; Wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Miller:2010:RER,
  author =       "Chris Miller and Christian Poellabauer",
  title =        "Reliable and efficient reprogramming in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806901",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Retasking and remote programming of sensor networks is
                 an essential functionality to make these networks
                 practical and effective. As the availability of more
                 capable sensor nodes increases and new functional
                 implementations continue to be proposed, these large
                 collections of wireless nodes will need the ability to
                 update and upgrade the software packages they are
                 running. In order to do this, the new binary file must
                 be distributed to all nodes in the network. Making a
                 physical connection with each individual node is
                 impractical in large wireless networks. Standard
                 flooding mechanisms are too energy-costly and
                 computationally expensive and they may interfere with
                 the network's current tasks. A reliable method for
                 distributing new code or binary files to every node in
                 a wireless sensor network is needed. We propose a
                 reprogramming/retasking framework for sensor networks
                 that is energy efficient, responsive, and reliable,
                 while maintaining a stable network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Broadcast; energy efficiency; minimum energy
                 broadcast; reliable distribution; reprogramming;
                 retasking; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Lim:2010:RRP,
  author =       "Jun Bum Lim and Beakcheol Jang and Suyoung Yoon and
                 Mihail L. Sichitiu and Alexander G. Dean",
  title =        "{RaPTEX}: {Rapid} prototyping tool for embedded
                 communication systems",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806902",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Advances in microprocessors, memory, and radio
                 technology have enabled the emergence of embedded
                 systems that rely on communication systems to exchange
                 information and coordinate their activities in
                 spatially distributed applications. However, developing
                 embedded communication systems that satisfy specific
                 application requirements is a challenge due to the many
                 tradeoffs imposed by different choices of underlying
                 protocols and their parameters. Furthermore, evaluating
                 the correctness and performance of the design and
                 implementation before deploying it is a nontrivial task
                 due to the complexity of the resulting system. This
                 article presents the design and implementation of
                 RaPTEX, a rapid prototyping tool for embedded
                 communication systems, especially well suited for
                 wireless sensor networks (WSNs), consisting of three
                 major subsystems: a toolbox, an analytical performance
                 estimation framework, and an emulation environment. We
                 use a hierarchical approach in the design of the
                 toolbox to facilitate the composition of the network
                 stack. For fast exploration of the tradeoff space at
                 design time, we build an analytical performance
                 estimation model for energy consumption, delay, and
                 throughput. For realistic performance evaluation, we
                 design and implement a hybrid, accurate, yet scalable,
                 emulation environment. Through three use cases, we
                 study the tradeoff space for different protocols and
                 topologies, and highlight the benefits of using RaPTEX
                 for designing and evaluating embedded communication
                 systems for WSNs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "analytical performance modeling; rapid prototyping
                 tool; RaPTEX; real code simulation; TinyOS; Wireless
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Wang:2010:MLL,
  author =       "Chao Wang and Parameswaran Ramanathan and Kewal K.
                 Saluja",
  title =        "Modeling latency --- lifetime trade-off for target
                 detection in mobile sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806903",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Two important measures of performance for the
                 surveillance applications of the mobile sensor networks
                 are detection latency and system lifetime. Previous
                 work on modeling detection delay has assumed that
                 sensor measurements are delivered to the fusion center
                 with zero delay. Such approaches can require excessive
                 energy, resulting into reduced lifetime. This article
                 argues that a trade-off between detection latency and
                 system lifetime can be made by employing an energy
                 aware transmission scheme. The article formulates the
                 trade-off as an optimization problem, and presents an
                 analytic method to model both detection latency and
                 system lifetime. The model is substantiated by using
                 simulation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "energy efficiency; Mobile sensor networks; target
                 detection",
}

@Article{Kalpakis:2010:ESA,
  author =       "Konstantinos Kalpakis",
  title =        "Everywhere sparse approximately optimal minimum energy
                 data gathering and aggregation in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806904",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider two related data gathering problems for
                 wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The MLDA problem is
                 concerned with maximizing the system lifetime $T$ so
                 that we can perform $T$ rounds of data gathering with
                 in-network aggregation, given the initial available
                 energy of the sensors. The $M^2$ EDA problem is
                 concerned with minimizing the maximum energy consumed
                 by any one sensor when performing $T$ rounds of data
                 gathering with in-network aggregation, for a given
                 $T$.\par

                 We provide an effective algorithm for finding an
                 everywhere sparse integral solution to the $M^2$ EDA
                 problem which is within a factor of $\alpha = 1+ 4 n /
                 T$ of the optimum, where $n$ is the number of nodes. A
                 solution is everywhere sparse if the number of
                 communication links for any subset $X$ of nodes is
                 $O(X)$, in our case at most $4 |X|$. Since often $T =
                 \omega(n)$, we obtain the first everywhere sparse,
                 asymptotically optimal integral solutions to the $M^2$
                 EDA problem. Everywhere sparse solutions are desirable
                 since then almost all sensors have small number of
                 incident communication links and small overhead for
                 maintaining state.\par

                 We also show that the MLDA and $M^2$ EDA problems are
                 essentially equivalent, in the sense that we can obtain
                 an optimal fractional solution to an instance of the
                 MLDA problem by scaling an optimal fractional solution
                 to a suitable instance of the $M^2$ EDA problem. As a
                 result, our algorithm is effective at finding
                 everywhere sparse, asymptotically optimal, integral
                 solutions to the MLDA problem, when the initial
                 available energy of the sensors is sufficient for
                 supporting optimal system lifetime which is
                 $\omega(n)$.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Energy management; in-network aggregation; lifetime
                 maximization; sparsity communication topology; wireless
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Langendoen:2010:AMPa,
  author =       "Koen Langendoen and Andreas Meier",
  title =        "Analyzing {MAC} protocols for low data-rate
                 applications",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1806895.1806905",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:33:47 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The fundamental wireless sensors network (WSN)
                 requirement to be energy-efficient has produced a whole
                 range of specialized medium access control (MAC)
                 protocols. They differ in how performance (latency,
                 throughput) is traded off for a reduction in energy
                 consumption. The question ``which protocol is best?''
                 is difficult to answer because (i) this depends on
                 specific details of the application requirements and
                 hardware characteristics involved, and (ii) protocols
                 have mainly been assessed individually with each
                 outperforming the canonical S-MAC protocol, but with
                 different simulators, hardware platforms, and
                 workloads. This article addresses that void for low
                 data-rate applications where collisions are of little
                 concern, making an analytical approach tractable in
                 which latency and energy consumption are modeled as
                 functions of key protocol parameters (duty cycle, slot
                 length, number of slots, etc.). By exhaustive search we
                 determine the Pareto-optimal protocol settings for a
                 given workload (data rate, network topology). Of the
                 protocols compared we find that WiseMAC strikes the
                 best latency versus energy-consumption tradeoff across
                 the range of workloads considered. In particular, its
                 random access scheme in combination with local
                 synchronization not only minimizes protocol overhead,
                 but also maximizes the available channel bandwidth.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Energy efficiency; performance modeling; sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Martin:2010:KPH,
  author =       "Keith M. Martin and Maura B. Paterson and Douglas R.
                 Stinson",
  title =        "Key predistribution for homogeneous wireless sensor
                 networks with group deployment of nodes",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824767",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent literature contains proposals for key
                 predistribution schemes for sensor networks in which
                 nodes are deployed in separate groups. In this article
                 we consider the implications of group deployment for
                 the connectivity and resilience of a key
                 predistribution scheme. We propose a flexible scheme,
                 based on the structure of a resolvable transversal
                 design. We demonstrate that this scheme permits
                 effective trade-offs between resilience, connectivity
                 and storage requirements within a group-deployed
                 environment as compared with other schemes in the
                 literature, and show that group deployment can be used
                 to increase network connectivity, without increasing
                 storage requirements or sacrificing resilience.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Group-based deployment; key predistribution; wireless
                 sensor networks",
}

@Article{Liaskovitis:2010:LRS,
  author =       "Periklis G. Liaskovitis and Curt Schurgers",
  title =        "Leveraging redundancy in sampling-interpolation
                 applications for sensor networks: a spectral approach",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824768",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "An important class of sensor network applications aims
                 at estimating the spatiotemporal behavior of a physical
                 phenomenon, such as temperature variations over an area
                 of interest. In such a scenario, the network
                 essentially acts as a distributed sampling system.
                 However, unlike in the event detection case, the notion
                 of sensing range is largely meaningless for
                 sampling-interpolation applications. As a result,
                 existing techniques to exploit sensing redundancy in
                 event detection settings, which rely on the existence
                 of such sensing range, become unusable. Instead, this
                 article presents a new method to exploit redundancy for
                 the sampling class of applications by selecting a
                 suitable set of sensors to act as sampling points.
                 Through online estimation of process characteristics,
                 sufficiently accurate interpolation can be achieved. We
                 illustrate an algorithm to obtain multiple disjoint
                 sets and demonstrate significant reductions in the
                 number of active sensors for a wide range of synthetic
                 sensor data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "energy efficiency; Hilbert space; sampling; sensing
                 topology management; Sensor networks; sensor selection;
                 spatial monitoring",
}

@Article{Machado:2010:CPC,
  author =       "Renita Machado and Wensheng Zhang and Guiling Wang and
                 Sirin Tekinay",
  title =        "Coverage properties of clustered wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824769",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article studies clustered wireless sensor
                 networks (WSNs), a realistic topology resulting from
                 common deployment methods. We study coverage in {\em
                 naturally clustered\/} networks of wireless sensor
                 nodes, as opposed to WSNs where clustering is
                 facilitated by selection. We show that along with
                 increasing the vacancy in random placement of nodes in
                 a WSN, it also alters the connectivity properties in
                 the network. We analyze varying levels of redundancy to
                 determine the probability of coverage in the network.
                 The phenomenon of clustering in networks of wireless
                 sensor nodes raises interesting questions for future
                 research and development. The article provides a
                 foundation for the design to optimize network
                 performance with the constraint of sensing coverage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "clustering; coverage; Wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Jurcik:2010:DWC,
  author =       "Petr Jurcik and Anis Koub{\^a}a and Ricardo Severino
                 and M{\'a}rio Alves and Eduardo Tovar",
  title =        "Dimensioning and worst-case analysis of cluster-tree
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824770",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Modeling the fundamental performance limits of
                 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is of paramount
                 importance to understand their behavior under the
                 worst-case conditions and to make the appropriate
                 design choices. This is particular relevant for
                 time-sensitive WSN applications, where the timing
                 behavior of the network protocols (message transmission
                 must respect deadlines) impacts on the correct
                 operation of these applications. In that direction this
                 article contributes with a methodology based on Network
                 Calculus, which enables quick and efficient worst-case
                 dimensioning of static or even dynamically changing
                 cluster-tree WSNs where the data sink can either be
                 static or mobile. We propose closed-form recurrent
                 expressions for computing the worst-case end-to-end
                 delays, buffering and bandwidth requirements across any
                 source-destination path in a cluster-tree WSN. We show
                 how to apply our methodology to the case of IEEE
                 802.15.4/ZigBee cluster-tree WSNs. Finally, we
                 demonstrate the validity and analyze the accuracy of
                 our methodology through a comprehensive experimental
                 study using commercially available technology, namely
                 TelosB motes running TinyOS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Cluster-tree; IEEE 802.15.4; network calculus; network
                 dimensioning; sensor networks; worst-case analysis;
                 ZigBee",
}

@Article{Mottola:2010:AWS,
  author =       "Luca Mottola and Gian Pietro Picco and Matteo Ceriotti
                 and {\c{S}}tefan Gun{\u{a}} and Amy L. Murphy",
  title =        "Not all wireless sensor networks are created equal:
                 a comparative study on tunnels",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824771",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are envisioned for a
                 number of application scenarios. Nevertheless, the few
                 in-the-field experiences typically focus on the
                 features of a specific system, and rarely report about
                 the characteristics of the target environment,
                 especially with respect to the behavior and performance
                 of low-power wireless communication. The TRITon
                 project, funded by our local administration, aims to
                 improve safety and reduce maintenance costs of road
                 tunnels, using a WSN-based control infrastructure. The
                 access to real tunnels within TRITon gives us the
                 opportunity to experimentally assess the peculiarities
                 of this environment, hitherto not investigated in the
                 WSN field. We report about three deployments: (i) an
                 operational road tunnel, enabling us to assess the
                 impact of vehicular traffic; (ii) a nonoperational
                 tunnel, providing insights into analogous scenarios
                 (e.g., underground mines) without vehicles; (iii) a
                 vineyard, serving as a baseline representative of the
                 existing literature. Our setup, replicated in each
                 deployment, uses mainstream WSN hardware, and popular
                 MAC and routing protocols. We analyze and compare the
                 deployments with respect to reliability, stability, and
                 asymmetry of links, the accuracy of link quality
                 estimators, and the impact of these aspects on MAC and
                 routing layers. Our analysis shows that a number of
                 criteria commonly used in the design of WSN protocols
                 do not hold in tunnels. Therefore, our results are
                 useful for designing networking solutions operating
                 efficiently in similar environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "link quality; low-power wireless communications;
                 network topologies; topology characterization; tunnel
                 environment; Wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Strasser:2010:DRJ,
  author =       "Mario Strasser and Boris Danev and Srdjan
                 {\v{C}}apkun",
  title =        "Detection of reactive jamming in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824772",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "An integral part of most security- and safety-critical
                 applications is a dependable and timely alarm
                 notification. However, owing to the resource
                 constraints of wireless sensor nodes (i.e., their
                 limited power and spectral diversity), ensuring a
                 timely and jamming-resistant delivery of alarm messages
                 in applications that rely on wireless sensor networks
                 is a challenging task. With current alarm forwarding
                 schemes, blocking of an alarm by jamming is
                 straightforward and jamming is very likely to remain
                 unnoticed. In this work, we propose a novel jamming
                 detection scheme as a solution to this problem. Our
                 scheme is able to identify the cause of bit errors for
                 individual packets by looking at the received signal
                 strength during the reception of these bits and is
                 well-suited for the protection of reactive alarm
                 systems with very low network traffic. We present three
                 different techniques for the identification of bit
                 errors based on: predetermined knowledge, error
                 correcting codes, and limited node wiring. We perform a
                 detailed evaluation of the proposed solution and
                 validate our findings experimentally with Chipcon
                 CC1000 radios. The results show that our solution
                 effectively detects sophisticated jamming attacks that
                 cannot be detected with existing techniques and enables
                 the formation of robust sensor networks for dependable
                 delivery of alarm notifications. Our scheme also meets
                 the high demands on the energy efficiency of reactive
                 surveillance applications as it can operate without
                 introducing additional wireless network traffic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Jamming detection; reactive jamming; sensor networks",
}

@Article{Paschalidis:2010:SAD,
  author =       "Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis and Yin Chen",
  title =        "Statistical anomaly detection with sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824773",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We seek to detect statistically significant temporal
                 or spatial changes in either the underlying process the
                 sensor network is monitoring or in the network
                 operation itself. These changes may point to faults,
                 adversarial threats, misbehavior, or other anomalies
                 that require intervention. To that end, we introduce a
                 new statistical anomaly detection framework that uses
                 Markov models to characterize the ``normal'' behavior
                 of the sensor network. We develop a series of Markov
                 models, including tree-indexed Markov chains which can
                 model its spatial structure. For each model, an
                 anomaly-free probability law is estimated from past
                 traces. We leverage large deviations techniques to
                 develop optimal anomaly detection rules for each
                 corresponding Markov model, assessing whether its most
                 recent empirical measure is consistent with the
                 anomaly-free probability law. A series of simulation
                 results, some with real sensor data, validate the
                 effectiveness of the proposed anomaly detection
                 algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "anomaly detection; large deviations; Sensor networks",
}

@Article{Yau:2010:QMS,
  author =       "David K. Y. Yau and Nung Kwan Yip and Chris Y. T. Ma
                 and Nageswara S. V. Rao and Mallikarjun Shankar",
  title =        "Quality of monitoring of stochastic events by periodic
                 and proportional-share scheduling of sensor coverage",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824774",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We analyze the quality of monitoring (QoM) of
                 stochastic events by a periodic sensor which monitors a
                 point of interest (PoI) for $q$ time every $p$ time. We
                 show how the amount of information captured at a PoI is
                 affected by the proportion $q/p$, the time interval $p$
                 over which the proportion is achieved, the event type
                 in terms of its stochastic arrival dynamics and staying
                 times and the utility function. The periodic PoI sensor
                 schedule happens in two broad contexts. In the case of
                 static sensors, a sensor monitoring a PoI may be
                 periodically turned off to conserve energy, thereby
                 extending the lifetime of the monitoring until the
                 sensor can be recharged or replaced. In the case of
                 mobile sensors, a sensor may move between the PoIs in a
                 repeating visit schedule. In this case, the PoIs may
                 vary in importance, and the scheduling objective is to
                 distribute the sensor's coverage time in proportion to
                 the importance levels of the PoIs. Based on our QoM
                 analysis, we optimize a class of periodic mobile
                 coverage schedules that can achieve such proportional
                 sharing while maximizing the QoM of the total system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "mobile coverage; periodic scheduling; proportional
                 sharing; Sensor network",
}

@Article{Langendoen:2010:AMPb,
  author =       "Koen Langendoen and Andreas Meier",
  title =        "Analyzing {MAC} protocols for low data-rate
                 applications",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1824766.1824775",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The fundamental WSN requirement to be energy-efficient
                 has produced a whole range of specialized Medium Access
                 Control (MAC) protocols. They differ in how performance
                 (latency, throughput) is traded off for a reduction in
                 energy consumption. The question ``which protocol is
                 best?'' is difficult to answer because (i) this depends
                 on specific details of the application requirements and
                 hardware characteristics involved, and (ii) protocols
                 have mainly been assessed individually with each
                 outperforming the canonical S-MAC protocol, but with
                 different simulators, hardware platforms, and
                 workloads. This article addresses that void for low
                 data-rate applications where collisions are of little
                 concern, making an analytical approach tractable in
                 which latency and energy consumption are modeled as a
                 function of key protocol parameters (duty cycle, slot
                 length, number of slots, etc.). By exhaustive search we
                 determine the Pareto-optimal protocol settings for a
                 given workload (data rate, network topology). Of the
                 protocols compared we find that WiseMAC strikes the
                 best latency vs. energy-consumption trade-off across
                 the range of workloads considered. In particular, its
                 random access scheme in combination with local
                 synchronization does not only minimize protocol
                 overhead, but also maximizes the available channel
                 bandwidth.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Energy efficiency; performance modeling; sensor
                 networks",
}

@Article{Paek:2010:RRC,
  author =       "Jeongyeup Paek and Ramesh Govindan",
  title =        "{RCRT}: {Rate-controlled} reliable transport protocol
                 for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807049",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Emerging high-rate applications (imaging, structural
                 monitoring, acoustic localization) will need to
                 transport large volumes of data concurrently from
                 several sensors. These applications are also
                 loss-intolerant. A key requirement for such
                 applications, then, is a protocol that reliably
                 transports sensor data from many sources to one or more
                 sinks without incurring congestion collapse. In this
                 article, we discuss RCRT, a rate-controlled reliable
                 transport protocol suitable for constrained sensor
                 nodes. RCRT uses end-to-end explicit loss recovery, but
                 places all the congestion detection and rate adaptation
                 functionality in the sinks. This has two important
                 advantages: efficiency and flexibility. Because sinks
                 make rate allocation decisions, they are able to
                 achieve greater efficiency since they have a more
                 comprehensive view of network behavior. For the same
                 reason, it is possible to alter the rate allocation
                 decisions (for example, from one that ensures that all
                 nodes get the same rate, to one that ensures that nodes
                 get rates in proportion to their demands), without
                 modifying sensor code at all. We evaluate RCRT
                 extensively on a 40-node wireless sensor network
                 testbed and show that RCRT achieves 1.7 times the rate
                 achieved by IFRC and 1.4 times that of WRCP, two
                 recently proposed interference-aware distributed
                 rate-control protocols. We also present results from a
                 3-month-long 19-node real world deployment of RCRT in
                 an imaging application and show that RCRT works well in
                 real long-term deployments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "centralized; congestion control; reliable; Sensor
                 networks; tiered network; transport protocol",
}

@Article{Chin:2010:ILL,
  author =       "Jren-Chit Chin and Nageswara S. V. Rao and David K. Y.
                 Yau and Mallikarjun Shankar and Yong Yang and Jennifer
                 C. Hou and Srinivasagopalan Srivathsan and Sitharama
                 Iyengar",
  title =        "Identification of low-level point radioactive sources
                 using a sensor network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807050",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Identification of a low-level point radioactive source
                 amidst background radiation is achieved by a network of
                 radiation sensors using a two-step approach. Based on
                 measurements from three or more sensors, a geometric
                 difference triangulation method or an $N$-sensor
                 localization method is used to estimate the location
                 and strength of the source. Then a sequential
                 probability ratio test based on current measurements
                 and estimated parameters is employed to finally decide:
                 (1) the presence of a source with the estimated
                 parameters, or (2) the absence of the source, or (3)
                 the insufficiency of measurements to make a decision.
                 This method achieves specified levels of false alarm
                 and missed detection probabilities, while ensuring a
                 close-to-minimal number of measurements for reaching a
                 decision. This method minimizes the ghost-source
                 problem of current estimation methods, and achieves a
                 lower false alarm rate compared with current detection
                 methods. This method is tested and demonstrated using:
                 (1) simulations, and (2) a test-bed that utilizes the
                 scaling properties of point radioactive sources to
                 emulate high intensity ones that cannot be easily and
                 safely handled in laboratory experiments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "detection and localization; Point radioactive source;
                 sequential probability ratio test",
}

@Article{Zheng:2010:ODD,
  author =       "Rong Zheng and Khuong Vu and Amit Pendharkar and
                 Gangbing Song",
  title =        "Obstacle discovery in distributed actuator and sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807051",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Distributed active sensing is a new sensing paradigm,
                 where active sensors (aka actuators) as illuminating
                 sources and passive sensors as receivers are
                 distributed in a field, and collaboratively detect
                 events of interest. In this paper, we study the
                 fundamental properties of distributed actuator and
                 sensor networks (DASNs) in detecting and localizing
                 obstacles. A novel notion of ``exposure'' is defined,
                 which quantifies the dimension limitations in
                 detectability. Using simple geometric constructs, we
                 propose polynomial-time algorithms to compute the
                 exposure and bounding regions where the center of the
                 obstacles may lie.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Active sensing; conflict regions; exposure; Segment
                 Voronoi Diagram",
}

@Article{Djidjev:2010:AAC,
  author =       "Hristo N. Djidjev",
  title =        "Approximation algorithms for computing minimum
                 exposure paths in a sensor field",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807052",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The exposure of a path $p$ in a sensor field is a
                 measure of the likelihood that an object traveling
                 along $p$ is detected by at least one sensor from a
                 network of sensors, and is formally defined as an
                 integral over all points $x$ of $p$ of the sensibility
                 (the strength of the signal coming from $x$) times the
                 element of path length. The minimum exposure path (MEP)
                 problem is, given a pair of points $x$ and $y$ inside a
                 sensor field, to find a path between $x$ and $y$ of
                 minimum exposure. In this article we introduce the
                 first rigorous treatment of the problem, designing an
                 approximation algorithm for the MEP problem with
                 guaranteed performance characteristics. Given a convex
                 polygon $p$ of size $n$ with $O(n)$ sensors inside it
                 and any real number $\epsilon > 0$, our algorithm finds
                 a path in $p$ whose exposure is within a $1 + \epsilon$
                 factor of the exposure of the MEP, in time $O(n /
                 \epsilon^2 \psi \log n)$, where $\psi$ is a geometric
                 characteristic of the field. We also describe a
                 framework for a faster implementation of our algorithm,
                 which reduces the time by a factor of approximately
                 $\theta (1 / \epsilon)$, while keeping the same
                 approximation ratio.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "approximation algorithms; coverage; minimum exposure
                 paths; Sensor networks; shortest paths",
}

@Article{Schmid:2010:ICP,
  author =       "Thomas Schmid and Roy Shea and Zainul Charbiwala and
                 Jonathan Friedman and Mani B. Srivastava and Young H.
                 Cho",
  title =        "On the interaction of clocks, power, and
                 synchronization in duty-cycled embedded sensor nodes",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807053",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The efficiency of the time synchronization service in
                 wireless sensor networks is tightly connected to the
                 design of the radio, the quality of the clocking
                 hardware, and the synchronization algorithm employed.
                 While improvements can be made on all levels of the
                 system, over the last few years most work has focused
                 on the algorithmic level to minimize message exchange
                 and in radio architectures to provide accurate
                 time-stamping mechanisms. Surprisingly, the influences
                 of the underlying clock system and its impact on the
                 overall synchronization accuracy has largely been
                 unstudied.\par

                 In this work, we investigate the impact of the clocking
                 subsystem on the time synchronization service and
                 address, in particular, the influence of changes in
                 environmental temperature on clock drift in highly
                 duty-cycled wireless sensor nodes. We also develop
                 formulas that help the system architect choose the
                 optimal resynchronization period to achieve a given
                 synchronization accuracy. We find that the
                 synchronization accuracy has a two region behavior. In
                 the first region, the synchronization accuracy is
                 limited by quantization error, while int he second
                 region changes in environmental temperature impact the
                 achievable accuracy. We verify our analytic results in
                 simulation and real hardware experiments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "clocks; duty-cycling; Oscillator; temperature effects;
                 time synchronization",
}

@Article{Peleg:2010:LSC,
  author =       "David Peleg and Liam Roditty",
  title =        "Localized spanner construction for ad hoc networks
                 with variable transmission range",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807054",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents an algorithm for constructing a
                 spanner for ad hoc networks whose nodes have {\em
                 variable\/} transmission range. Almost all previous
                 spanner constructions for ad hoc networks assumed that
                 all nodes in the network have the same transmission
                 range. This allowed a succinct representation of the
                 network as a unit disk graph, serving as the basis for
                 the construction. In contrast, when nodes have variable
                 transmission range, the ad hoc network must be modeled
                 by a general disk graph. Whereas unit disk graphs are
                 undirected, general disk graphs are directed. This
                 complicates the construction of a spanner for the
                 network, since currently there are no efficient
                 constructions of low-stretch spanners for general
                 directed graphs. Nevertheless, in this article it is
                 shown that the class of disk graphs enjoys (efficiently
                 constructible) spanners of quality similar to that of
                 unit disk graph spanners. Moreover, it is shown that
                 the new construction can be performed in a localized
                 fashion. Our results use only simple packing arguments,
                 hence all algorithms work for every metric space of
                 constant doubling dimension.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "Directed graphs; distributed algorithms; spanners",
}

@Article{Ling:2010:APA,
  author =       "Yibei Ling and Chung-Min Chen and Shigang Chen",
  title =        "Analysis of power-aware buffering schemes in wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807055",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the power-aware buffering problem in
                 battery-powered sensor networks, focusing on the
                 fixed-size and fixed-interval buffering schemes. The
                 main motivation is to address the yet poorly understood
                 size variation-induced effect on power-aware buffering
                 schemes. Our theoretical analysis elucidates the
                 fundamental differences between the fixed-size and
                 fixed-interval buffering schemes in the presence of
                 data-size variation. It shows that data-size variation
                 has detrimental effects on the power expenditure of the
                 fixed-size buffering in general, and reveals that the
                 size variation induced effects can be either mitigated
                 by a positive skewness or promoted by a negative
                 skewness in size distribution. By contrast, the
                 fixed-interval buffering scheme has an obvious
                 advantage of being eminently immune to the data-size
                 variation. Hence the fixed-interval buffering scheme is
                 a risk-averse strategy for its robustness in a variety
                 of operational environments. In addition, based on the
                 fixed-interval buffering scheme, we establish the power
                 consumption relationship between child nodes and parent
                 node in a static data-collection tree, and give an
                 in-depth analysis of the impact of child bandwidth
                 distribution on the parent's power
                 consumption.\par

                 This study is of practical significance: it sheds new
                 light on the relationship among power consumption of
                 buffering schemes, power parameters of radio module and
                 memory bank, data arrival rate, and data-size
                 variation, thereby providing well-informed guidance in
                 determining an optimal buffer size (interval) to
                 maximize the operational lifespan of sensor networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "algorithm analysis; Power-aware buffering schemes",
}

@Article{Efrat:2010:FDA,
  author =       "Alon Efrat and David Forrester and Anand Iyer and
                 Stephen G. Kobourov and Cesim Erten and Ozan Kilic",
  title =        "Force-directed approaches to sensor localization",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1807048.1807057",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 18:34:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "As the number of applications of sensor networks
                 increases, so does the interest in sensor network
                 localization, that is, in recovering the correct
                 position of each node in a network of sensors from
                 partial connectivity information such as adjacency,
                 range, or angle between neighboring nodes. In this
                 article, we consider the anchor-free localization
                 problem in sensor networks that report possibly noisy
                 range information and angular information about the
                 relative order of each sensor's neighbors. Previously
                 proposed techniques seem to successfully reconstruct
                 the original positions of the nodes for relatively
                 small networks with nodes distributed in simple
                 regions. However, these techniques do not scale well
                 with network size and yield poor results with nonconvex
                 or nonsimple underlying topology. Moreover, the
                 distributed nature of the problem makes some of the
                 centralized techniques inapplicable in distributed
                 settings. To address these problems we describe a
                 multiscale dead-reckoning (MSDR) algorithm that scales
                 well for large networks, can reconstruct complex
                 underlying topologies, and is resilient to noise. The
                 MSDR algorithm takes its roots from classic
                 force-directed graph layout computation techniques.
                 These techniques are augmented with a multiscale
                 extension to handle the scalability issue and with a
                 dead-reckoning extension to overcome the problems
                 arising with nonsimple topologies. Furthermore, we show
                 that the distributed version of the MSDR algorithm
                 performs as well as, if not better than, its
                 centralized counterpart, as shown by the quality of the
                 layout, measured in terms of the accuracy of the
                 computed pairwise distances between sensors in the
                 network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
  keywords =     "force-directed; node localization; Sensor networks",
}

@Article{Holland:2011:OPL,
  author =       "Matthew Holland and Tianqi Wang and Bulent Tavli and
                 Alireza Seyedi and Wendi Heinzelman",
  title =        "Optimizing physical-layer parameters for wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921622",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Chan:2011:SFP,
  author =       "Aldar C-F. Chan and Claude Castelluccia",
  title =        "A security framework for privacy-preserving data
                 aggregation in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921623",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "29",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Panta:2011:EIC,
  author =       "Rajesh Krishna Panta and Saurabh Bagchi and Samuel P.
                 Midkiff",
  title =        "Efficient incremental code update for sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921624",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Krause:2011:RSP,
  author =       "Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and Anupam Gupta
                 and Jon Kleinberg",
  title =        "Robust sensor placements at informative and
                 communication-efficient locations",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "31:1--31:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921625",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "31",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wan:2011:EEC,
  author =       "Chieh-Yih Wan and Shane B. Eisenman and Andrew T.
                 Campbell",
  title =        "Energy-efficient congestion detection and avoidance in
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32:1--32:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921626",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2011:OSM,
  author =       "Guiling Wang and Mary Jane Irwin and Haoying Fu and
                 Piotr Berman and Wensheng Zhang and Tom La Porta",
  title =        "Optimizing sensor movement planning for energy
                 efficiency",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "33:1--33:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921627",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "33",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Keeler:2011:MFG,
  author =       "Holger P. Keeler and Peter G. Taylor",
  title =        "A model framework for greedy routing in a sensor
                 network with a stochastic power scheme",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34:1--34:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921628",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "34",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Cai:2011:CSD,
  author =       "Haiyan Cai and Xiaohua Jia and Mo Sha",
  title =        "Critical sensor density for partial connectivity in
                 large area wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921629",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhu:2011:SNL,
  author =       "Yuanchen Zhu and Steven J. Gortler and Dylan
                 Thurston",
  title =        "Sensor network localization using sensor
                 perturbation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1921621.1921630",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 11:54:52 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Sugihara:2011:PPD,
  author =       "Ryo Sugihara and Rajesh K. Gupta",
  title =        "Path Planning of Data Mules in Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993043",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2011:MMR,
  author =       "Xiaorui Wang and Xiaodong Wang and Xing Fu and
                 Guoliang Xing",
  title =        "{MCRT}: Multichannel Real-Time Communications in
                 Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993044",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Dereszynski:2011:SMD,
  author =       "Ethan W. Dereszynski and Thomas G. Dietterich",
  title =        "Spatiotemporal Models for Data-Anomaly Detection in
                 Dynamic Environmental Monitoring Campaigns",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993045",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Sarkar:2011:HSG,
  author =       "Rik Sarkar and Xianjin Zhu and Jie Gao",
  title =        "Hierarchical Spatial Gossip for Multiresolution
                 Representations in Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993046",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Singh:2011:MTT,
  author =       "Jaspreet Singh and Rajesh Kumar and Upamanyu Madhow
                 and Subhash Suri and Richard Cagley",
  title =        "Multiple-Target Tracking With Binary Proximity
                 Sensors",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993047",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{He:2011:PPP,
  author =       "Wenbo He and Xue Liu and Hoang Viet Nguyen and Klara
                 Nahrstedt and Tarek Abdelzaher",
  title =        "{PDA}: Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation for
                 Information Collection",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993048",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{DiFrancesco:2011:DCW,
  author =       "Mario {Di Francesco} and Sajal K. Das and Giuseppe
                 Anastasi",
  title =        "Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks with
                 Mobile Elements: a Survey",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993049",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Busnel:2011:ADT,
  author =       "Yann Busnel and Leonardo Querzoni and Roberto Baldoni
                 and Marin Bertier and Anne-Marie Kermarrec",
  title =        "Analysis of Deterministic Tracking of Multiple Objects
                 Using a Binary Sensor Network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993050",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2011:DSS,
  author =       "Qian Wang and Kui Ren and Shucheng Yu and Wenjing
                 Lou",
  title =        "Dependable and Secure Sensor Data Storage with Dynamic
                 Integrity Assurance",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1993042.1993051",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 17:03:48 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ayday:2012:DAA,
  author =       "Erman Ayday and Farshid Delgosha and Faramarz Fekri",
  title =        "Data authenticity and availability in multihop
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140523",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Security services such as data confidentiality,
                 authenticity, and availability are critical in wireless
                 sensor networks (WSNs) deployed in adversarial
                 environments. Due to the resource constrain's of sensor
                 nodes, the existing protocols currently in use in adhoc
                 networks cannot be employed in WSNs. In this article,
                 we propose a protocol called location-aware
                 network-coding security (LNCS) that provides all the
                 aforementioned security services. By dividing the
                 terrain into nonoverlapping cells, the nodes take
                 advantage of the location information to derive
                 different location-binding keys. The key idea in LNCS
                 is that all the nodes involved in the protocol
                 collaborate in every phase. We employ random network
                 coding in order to provide data availability
                 significantly higher than that in other schemes. A hash
                 tree-based authentication mechanism is utilized to
                 filter the bogus packets enroute. We provide a
                 comparison between our scheme and previously proposed
                 schemes. The results reveal significant improvement in
                 data availability while maintaining the same level of
                 data confidentiality and authenticity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Shirmohammadi:2012:SLS,
  author =       "Babak Shirmohammadi and Camillo J. Taylor",
  title =        "Self-localizing smart camera networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140524",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article describes a novel approach to localizing
                 networks of embedded cameras and sensors. In this
                 scheme, the cameras and the sensors are equipped with
                 controllable light sources (either visible or
                 infrared), which are used for signaling. Each camera
                 node can then determine automatically the bearing to
                 all of the nodes that are visible from its vantage
                 point. By fusing these measurements with the
                 measurements obtained from onboard accelerometers, the
                 camera nodes are able to determine the relative
                 positions and orientations of other nodes in the
                 network. The method uses angular measurements derived
                 from images, rather than range measurements derived
                 from time-of-flight or signal attenuation. The scheme
                 can be implemented relatively easily with commonly
                 available components, and it scales well since the
                 localization calculations exploit the sparse structure
                 of the system of measurements. Additionally, the method
                 provides estimates of camera orientation which cannot
                 be determined solely from range measurements. The
                 localization technology could serve as a basic
                 capability on which higher-level applications could be
                 built. The method could also be used to automatically
                 survey the locations of sensors of interest, to
                 implement distributed surveillance systems, or to
                 analyze the structure of a scene, based on images
                 obtained from multiple registered vantage points. It
                 also provides a mechanism for integrating the imagery
                 obtained from the cameras with the measurements
                 obtained from distributed sensors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Karumbu:2012:DOE,
  author =       "Premkumar Karumbu and Venkata K. Prasanthi and Anurag
                 Kumar",
  title =        "Delay optimal event detection on ad hoc wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140525",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider a small extent sensor network for event
                 detection, in which nodes periodically take samples and
                 then contend over a random access network to transmit
                 their measurement packets to the fusion center. We
                 consider two procedures at the fusion center for
                 processing the measurements. The Bayesian setting, is
                 assumed, that is, the fusion center has a prior
                 distribution on the change time. In the first
                 procedure, the decision algorithm at the fusion center
                 is network--oblivious and makes a decision only when a
                 complete vector of measurements taken at a sampling
                 instant is available. In the second procedure, the
                 decision algorithm at the fusion center is
                 network--aware and processes measurements as they
                 arrive, but in a time-causal order. In this case, the
                 decision statistic depends on the network delays,
                 whereas in the network--oblivious case, the decision
                 statistic does not. This yields a Bayesian
                 change-detection problem with a trade-off between the
                 random network delay and the decision delay that is, a
                 higher sampling rate reduces the decision delay but
                 increases the random access delay. Under periodic
                 sampling, in the network--oblivious case, the structure
                 of the optimal stopping rule is the same as that
                 without the network, and the optimal change detection
                 delay decouples into the network delay and the optimal
                 decision delay without the network. In the
                 network--aware case, the optimal stopping problem is
                 analyzed as a partially observable Markov decision
                 process, in which the states of the queues and delays
                 in the network need to be maintained. A sufficient
                 decision statistic is the network state and the
                 posterior probability of change having occurred, given
                 the measurements received and the state of the network.
                 The optimal regimes are studied using simulation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Chang:2012:PRS,
  author =       "Shih-Ying Chang and Yue-Hsun Lin and Hung-Min Sun and
                 Mu-En Wu",
  title =        "Practical {RSA} signature scheme based on periodical
                 rekeying for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140526",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Broadcast is an efficient communication channel on
                 wireless sensor networks. Through authentic broadcast,
                 deployed sensors can perform legitimate actions issued
                 by a base station. According to previous literature, a
                 complete solution for authentic broadcast is digital
                 signature based on asymmetric cryptography. However,
                 asymmetric cryptography utilizes expensive operations,
                 which result in computational bottlenecks. Among these
                 cryptosystems, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) seems
                 to be the most efficient and the most popular choice.
                 Unfortunately, signature verification in ECC is not
                 efficient enough. In this article, we propose an
                 authentic broadcast scheme based on RSA. Unlike
                 conventional approaches, the proposed scheme adopts
                 short moduli to enhance performance. Meanwhile, the
                 weakness of short moduli can be fixed with rekeying
                 strategies. To minimize the rekeying overhead, a
                 Multi-Modulus RSA generation algorithm, which can
                 reduce communication overhead by 50\%, is proposed. We
                 implemented the proposed scheme on MICAz. On 512-bit
                 moduli, each verification spends at most 0.077 seconds,
                 which is highly competitive with other public-key
                 cryptosystems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Cao:2012:ITM,
  author =       "Zhen Cao and Hui Deng and Zhi Guan and Zhong Chen",
  title =        "Information-theoretic modeling of false data filtering
                 schemes in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140527",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "False data filtering schemes are designed to filter
                 out false data injected by malicious sensors; they keep
                 the network immune to bogus event reports. Theoretic
                 understanding of false data filtering schemes and
                 guidelines to further improve their designs are still
                 lacking. This article first presents an
                 information-theoretic model of false data filtering
                 schemes. From the information-theoretic view, we define
                 the scheme's filtering capacity C$_{F i}$ as the
                 uncertainty-reduction ratio of the target input
                 variable, given the output. This metric not only
                 performs better than existing metrics but also implies
                 that only by optimizing the false negative rate and
                 false positive rate simultaneously, can we promote a
                 scheme's overall performance. Based on the
                 investigation from the modeling efforts, we propose
                 HiFi, a hybrid authentication-based false data
                 filtering scheme. HiFi leverages the benefits of both
                 symmetric and asymmetric cryptography and achieves a
                 high filtering capacity, as well as low computation and
                 communication overhead. Performance analysis
                 demonstrates that our proposed metric is rational and
                 useful, and that HiFi is effective and energy
                 efficient.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Sun:2012:QCC,
  author =       "Xusheng Sun and Edward J. Coyle",
  title =        "Quantization, channel compensation, and optimal energy
                 allocation for estimation in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140528",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In clustered networks of wireless sensors, each sensor
                 collects noisy observations of the environment,
                 quantizes these observations into a local estimate of
                 finite length, and forwards them through one or more
                 noisy wireless channels to the cluster head (CH). The
                 measurement noise is assumed to be zero-mean and have
                 finite variance, and each wireless hop is modeled as a
                 binary symmetric channel (BSC) with a known crossover
                 probability. A novel scheme is proposed that uses
                 dithered quantization and channel compensation to
                 ensure that each sensor's local estimate received by
                 the CH is unbiased. The CH fuses these unbiased local
                 estimates into a global one, using a best linear
                 unbiased estimator (BLUE). Analytical and simulation
                 results show that the proposed scheme can achieve much
                 smaller mean square error (MSE) than two other common
                 schemes, while using the same amount of energy. The
                 sensitivity of the proposed scheme to errors in
                 estimates of the crossover probability of the BSC
                 channel is studied by both analysis and simulation. We
                 then determine both the minimum energy required for the
                 network to produce an estimate with a prescribed error
                 variance and how this energy must be allocated amongst
                 the sensors in the multihop network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Erdem:2012:EPH,
  author =       "U{\u{g}}ur Murat Erdem and Stan Sclaroff",
  title =        "Event prediction in a hybrid camera network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140529",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Given a hybrid camera layout-one containing, for
                 example, static and active cameras-and people moving
                 around following established traffic patterns, our goal
                 is to predict a subset of cameras, respective camera
                 parameter settings, and future time windows that will
                 most likely lead to success the vision tasks, such as,
                 face recognition when a camera observes an event of
                 interest. We propose an adaptive probabilistic model
                 that accrues temporal camera correlations over time as
                 the cameras report observed events. No extrinsic,
                 intrinsic, or color calibration of cameras is required.
                 We efficiently obtain the camera parameter predictions
                 using a modified Sequential Monte Carlo method. We
                 demonstrate the performance of the model in an example
                 face detection scenario in both simulated and real
                 environment experiments, using several active
                 cameras.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Eswaran:2012:UBB,
  author =       "Sharanya Eswaran and Archan Misra and Flavio
                 Bergamaschi and Thomas La Porta",
  title =        "Utility-based bandwidth adaptation in mission-oriented
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140530",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article develops a utility-based optimization
                 framework for resource sharing by multiple competing
                 missions in a mission-oriented wireless sensor network
                 (WSN) environment. Prior work on network utility
                 maximization (NUM) based optimization has focused on
                 unicast flows with sender-based utilities in either
                 wireline or wireless networks. In this work, we develop
                 a generalized NUM model to consider three key new
                 features observed in mission-centric WSN environments:
                 (i) the definition of the utility of an individual
                 mission (receiver) as a joint function of data from
                 multiple sensor sources; (ii) the consumption of each
                 sender's (sensor) data by multiple missions; and (iii)
                 the multicast-tree-based dissemination of each sensor's
                 data flow, using link-layer broadcasts to exploit the
                 ``wireless broadcast advantage'' in data forwarding. We
                 show how a price-based, distributed protocol (WSN-NUM)
                 can ensure optimal and proportionally fair rate
                 allocation across multiple missions, without requiring
                 any coordination among missions or sensors. We also
                 discuss techniques to improve the speed of convergence
                 of the protocol, which is essential in an environment
                 as dynamic as the WSN. Further, we analyze the impact
                 of various network and protocol parameters on the
                 bandwidth utilization of the network, using a
                 discrete-event simulation of a stationary wireless
                 network. Finally, we corroborate our simulation-based
                 performance results of the WSN-NUM protocol with an
                 implementation of an 802.11b network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ilyas:2012:DPA,
  author =       "Muhammad U. Ilyas and Hayder Radha",
  title =        "A dynamic programming approach to maximizing a
                 statistical measure of the lifetime of sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2140522.2140531",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 18:38:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The inherent many-to-one flow of traffic in wireless
                 sensor networks (WSNs) produces a skewed distribution
                 of energy consumption rates, leading to the early
                 demise of those sensors that are critical to the
                 ability of surviving nodes to communicate their
                 measurements to the base station. Numerous previous
                 approaches aimed at balancing the consumption of energy
                 in wireless networks are either too complex or do not
                 address problems unique to the flow of traffic in WSNs.
                 In this article, we propose the use of a dynamic
                 programming algorithm (DPA), an operational,
                 low-complexity algorithm, used in conjunction with four
                 different route discovery algorithms. We perform
                 complexity analysis, statistical evaluation of changes
                 in power consumption rates effected, and verify spatial
                 redistribution of energy consumption of sensors in the
                 network. Our results on multihop networks of 100
                 randomly placed nodes show that, on average, the two
                 best performing variants of DPA yield a reduction of up
                 to 28\% and 36\% in power consumption rate variance at
                 the cost of raising average power consumption by 15\%
                 and 21\%, respectively. Computational complexities of
                 DPA variants range from $O(N^3)$ to $O(N^4)$, which is
                 significantly lower than linear search of the solution
                 space of $O(N!^{N i})$. Analysis by diffusion plots
                 shows that DPA reduces power consumption of sensors
                 that experience the highest power consumption under the
                 shortest path routes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Cucuringu:2012:SNL,
  author =       "Mihai Cucuringu and Yaron Lipman and Amit Singer",
  title =        "Sensor network localization by eigenvector
                 synchronization over the {Euclidean} group",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240093",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a new approach to localization of sensors
                 from noisy measurements of a subset of their Euclidean
                 distances. Our algorithm starts by finding, embedding,
                 and aligning uniquely realizable subsets of neighboring
                 sensors called patches. In the noise-free case, each
                 patch agrees with its global positioning up to an
                 unknown rigid motion of translation, rotation, and
                 possibly reflection. The reflections and rotations are
                 estimated using the recently developed eigenvector
                 synchronization algorithm, while the translations are
                 estimated by solving an overdetermined linear system.
                 The algorithm is scalable as the number of nodes
                 increases and can be implemented in a distributed
                 fashion. Extensive numerical experiments show that it
                 compares favorably to other existing algorithms in
                 terms of robustness to noise, sparse connectivity, and
                 running time. While our approach is applicable to
                 higher dimensions, in the current article, we focus on
                 the two-dimensional case.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Xiong:2012:CBP,
  author =       "Kaiqi Xiong and Ronghua Wang and Wenliang Du and Peng
                 Ning",
  title =        "Containing bogus packet insertion attacks for
                 broadcast authentication in sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240094",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Broadcast is a critical communication primitive in
                 wireless sensor networks. The multihop nature of sensor
                 networks makes it necessary for sensor nodes to forward
                 broadcast messages so that the messages can reach an
                 entire network. Authentication of broadcast messages is
                 an important but challenging problem in sensor
                 networks. Public key cryptography (PKC) has been used
                 recently to address this problem. However, PKC-based
                 authentication techniques are susceptible to bogus
                 packet insertion attacks in which attackers keep
                 broadcasting bogus messages and force
                 resource-constrained sensor nodes to forward such
                 messages. Moreover, because it takes time to do
                 signature verifications, it is impractical for each
                 node to authenticate every received message before
                 forwarding it. In this article, we propose a dynamic
                 window scheme to thwart the aforementioned bogus packet
                 insertion attacks which permits sensor nodes to
                 efficiently broadcast messages. Within this scheme, a
                 sensor node has the ability to determine whether or not
                 to verify an incoming message before forwarding the
                 message. We further study the property of this dynamic
                 window scheme and investigate the best strategy for
                 thwarting bogus packet insertion attacks. We propose
                 three strategies for finding the optimal parameters by
                 an improved additive increase multiplicative decrease
                 (AIMD) window updating function so that the proposed
                 dynamic window scheme can achieve the best overall
                 performance with respect to the authentication and
                 forwarding times of messages. Numerical validations
                 show that our proposed scheme performs very well in
                 terms of energy saving and broadcast delays based on
                 three different metrics, including average
                 authentication delays, the percentage of nodes
                 receiving fake messages, and the percentage of nodes
                 forwarding fake messages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wettergren:2012:OMP,
  author =       "Thomas A. Wettergren and Russell Costa",
  title =        "Optimal multiobjective placement of distributed
                 sensors against moving targets",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240095",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider the optimal deployment of a sparse network
                 of sensors against moving targets, under multiple
                 conflicting objectives of search. The sensor networks
                 of interest consist of sensors which perform
                 independent binary detection on a target, and report
                 detections to a central control authority. A
                 multiobjective optimization framework is developed to
                 find optimal trade-offs as a function of sensor
                 deployment, between the conflicting objectives of
                 maximizing the Probability of Successful Search (
                 P$_{SS}$ ) and minimizing the Probability of False
                 Search ( P$_{FS}$ ), in a bounded search region of
                 interest. The search objectives are functions of
                 unknown sensor locations (represented parametrically by
                 a probability density function), given sensor
                 performance parameters, statistical priors on target
                 behavior, and distributed detection criteria. Numerical
                 examples illustrating the utility of this approach for
                 varying target behaviors are given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Johnson:2012:MMB,
  author =       "Matthew P. Johnson and Deniz Sari{\"o}z and Amotz
                 Bar-Noy and Theodore Brown and Dinesh Verma and Chai W.
                 Wu",
  title =        "More is more: The benefits of denser sensor
                 deployment",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240096",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Positioning disk-shaped sensors to optimize certain
                 coverage parameters is a fundamental problem in ad hoc
                 sensor networks. The hexagon lattice arrangement is
                 known to be optimally efficient in the plane, even
                 though 20.9\% of the area is unnecessarily covered
                 twice, however, the arrangement is very rigid-any
                 movement of a sensor from its designated grid position
                 (due to, e.g., placement error or obstacle avoidance)
                 leaves some region uncovered, as would the failure of
                 any one sensor. In this article, we consider how to
                 arrange sensors in order to guarantee multiple
                 coverage, that is, $k$-coverage for some value $k > 1$.
                 A naive approach is to superimpose multiple hexagon
                 lattices, but for robustness reasons, we may wish to
                 space sensors evenly apart. We present two arrangement
                 methods for $k$-coverage: (1) optimizing a Riesz energy
                 function in order to evenly distribute nodes, and (2)
                 simply shrinking the hexagon lattice and making it
                 denser. The first method often approximates the second,
                 and so we focus on the latter. We show that a density
                 increase tantamount to $k$ copies of the lattice can
                 yield $k'$-coverage, for $k' > k$ (e.g., $k = 11$, $k'
                 = 12$ and $k = 21$, $k' = 24$), by exploiting the
                 double-coverage regions. Our examples' savings provably
                 converge in the limit to the $\approx 20.9\%$ maximum.
                 We also provide analogous results for the square
                 lattice and its $\approx 57\%$ inefficiency (e.g., $k =
                 3$, $k' = 4$ and $k = 5$, $k' = 7$) and show that for
                 multi-coverage for some values of $k'$, the square
                 lattice can actually be more efficient than the hexagon
                 lattice. We also explore other benefits of shrinking
                 the lattice: Doing so allows all sensors to move about
                 their intended positions independently while
                 nonetheless guaranteeing full coverage and can also
                 allow us to tolerate probabilistic sensor failure when
                 providing $1$-coverage or $k$-coverage. We conclude by
                 construing the shrinking factor as a budget to be
                 divided among these three benefits.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ni:2012:SND,
  author =       "Kevin Ni and Greg Pottie",
  title =        "Sensor network data fault detection with maximum a
                 posteriori selection and {Bayesian} modeling",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240097",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Current sensor networks experience many faults that
                 hamper the ability of scientists to draw significant
                 inferences. We develop a method to systematically
                 identify when these faults occur so that proper
                 corrective action can be taken. We propose an adaptable
                 modular framework that can utilize different modeling
                 methods and approaches to identifying trustworthy
                 sensors. We focus on using hierarchical Bayesian
                 space-time (HBST) modeling to model the phenomenon of
                 interest, and use maximum a posteriors selection to
                 identify a set of trustworthy sensors. Compared to an
                 analogous linear autoregressive system, we achieve
                 excellent fault detection when the HBST model
                 accurately represents the phenomenon.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Bartolini:2012:SAR,
  author =       "Novella Bartolini and Tiziana Calamoneri and Tom {La
                 Porta} and Chiara Petrioli and Simone Silvestri",
  title =        "Sensor activation and radius adaptation {(SARA)} in
                 heterogeneous sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240098",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In order to prolong the lifetime of a wireless sensor
                 network (WSN) devoted to monitoring an area of
                 interest, a useful means is to exploit network
                 redundancy, activating only the sensors that are
                 strictly necessary for coverage and making them work
                 with the minimum necessary sensing radius. In this
                 article, we introduce the first algorithm that reduces
                 sensor coverage redundancy through joint Sensor
                 Activation and sensing Radius Adaptation (SARA) in
                 general application scenarios comprising two classes of
                 devices: sensors with variable sensing radius and
                 sensors with fixed sensing radius. This device
                 heterogeneity is explicitly addressed by modeling the
                 coverage problem through Voronoi-Laguerre diagrams
                 that, differently from Voronoi diagrams, allow for
                 correctly identifying each sensor coverage region
                 depending on the sensor current radius and the radii of
                 its neighboring nodes. SARA executes quickly with
                 guaranteed termination and, given the currently
                 available nodes, it always guarantees maximum coverage.
                 By means of extensive simulations, we show that SARA
                 obtains remarkable improvements with respect to
                 previous solutions, ensuring, in networks with
                 heterogeneous nodes, longer network lifetime and wider
                 coverage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Iwanicki:2012:CHR,
  author =       "Konrad Iwanicki and Maarten {Van Steen}",
  title =        "A case for hierarchical routing in low-power wireless
                 embedded networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240099",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Hierarchical routing has often been mentioned as an
                 appealing point-to-point routing technique for wireless
                 sensor networks (sensornets). While there is a volume
                 of analytical and high-level simulation results
                 demonstrating its merits, there has been little work
                 evaluating it in actual sensornet settings. This
                 article bridges the gap between theory and practice.
                 Having analyzed a number of proposed hierarchical
                 routing protocols, we have developed a framework that
                 captures the common characteristics of the protocols
                 and identifies design points at which the protocols
                 differ. We use a sensornet implementation of the
                 framework in TOSSIM and on a 60-node testbed to study
                 various trade-offs that hierarchical routing
                 introduces, as well as to compare the performance of
                 hierarchical routing with the performance of other
                 routing techniques, namely shortest-path routing,
                 compact routing, and beacon vector routing. The results
                 show that hierarchical routing is a compelling routing
                 technique also in practice. In particular, despite only
                 logarithmic routing state, it can offer small routing
                 stretch: an average of $ \aprox $ 1.25 and a 99th
                 percentile of 2. It can also be robust, minimizing the
                 maintenance traffic or the latency of reacting to
                 changes in the network. Moreover, the trade-offs
                 offered by hierarchical routing are attractive for many
                 sensornet applications when compared to the other
                 routing techniques. For example, in terms of routing
                 state, hierarchical routing can offer scalability at
                 least an order of magnitude better than compact
                 routing, and at the same time, in terms of routing
                 stretch, its performance is within 10--15\% of that of
                 compact routing; in addition, this performance can
                 further be tuned to a particular application. Finally,
                 we also identify a number of practical issues and
                 limitations of which we believe sensornet developers
                 adopting hierarchical routing should be aware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Karakaya:2012:CEC,
  author =       "Mahmut Karakaya and Hairong Qi",
  title =        "Coverage estimation for crowded targets in visual
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240100",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Coverage estimation is one of the fundamental problems
                 in sensor networks. Coverage estimation in visual
                 sensor networks (VSNs) is more challenging than in
                 conventional 1-D (omnidirectional) scalar sensor
                 networks (SSNs) because of the directional sensing
                 nature of cameras and the existence of visual occlusion
                 in crowded environments. This article represents a
                 first attempt toward a closed-form solution for the
                 visual coverage estimation problem in the presence of
                 occlusions. We investigate a new target detection
                 model, referred to as the certainty-based target
                 detection (as compared to the traditional
                 uncertainty-based target detection ) to facilitate the
                 formulation of the visual coverage problem. We then
                 derive the closed-form solution for the estimation of
                 the visual coverage probability based on this new
                 target detection model that takes visual occlusions
                 into account. According to the coverage estimation
                 model, we further propose an estimate of the minimum
                 sensor density that suffices to ensure a visual
                 K-coverage in a crowded sensing field. Simulation is
                 conducted which shows extreme consistency with results
                 from theoretical formulation, especially when the
                 boundary effect is considered. Thus, the closed-form
                 solution for visual coverage estimation is effective
                 when applied to real scenarios, such as efficient
                 sensor deployment and optimal sleep scheduling.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Misra:2012:LPB,
  author =       "Sudip Misra and Sweta Singh",
  title =        "Localized policy-based target tracking using wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240101",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)-based surveillance
                 applications necessitate tracking a target's trajectory
                 with a high degree of precision. Further, target
                 tracking schemes should consider energy consumption in
                 these resource-constrained networks. In this work, we
                 propose an energy-efficient target tracking algorithm,
                 which minimizes the number of nodes in the network that
                 should be activated for tracking the movement of the
                 target. We model the movement of a target based on the
                 Gauss Markov Mobility Model [Camp et al. 2002]. On
                 detecting a target, the cluster head which detects it
                 activates an optimal number of nodes within its
                 cluster, so that these nodes start sensing the target.
                 A Markov Decision Process (MDP)-based framework is
                 designed to adaptively determine the optimal policy for
                 selecting the nodes localized with each cluster. As the
                 distance between the node and the target decreases, the
                 Received Signal Strength (RSS) increases, thereby
                 increasing the precision of the readings of sensing the
                 target at each node. Simulations show that our proposed
                 algorithm is energy-efficient. Also, the accuracy of
                 the tracked trajectory varies between 50\% to 1\% over
                 time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Gabale:2012:PMT,
  author =       "Vijay Gabale and Kameswari Chebrolu and Bhaskaran
                 Raman and Sagar Bijwe",
  title =        "{PIP}: a multichannel, {TDMA}-based {MAC} for
                 efficient and scalable bulk transfer in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240117",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we consider the goal of achieving
                 high throughput in a wireless sensor network. Our work
                 is set in the context of those wireless sensor network
                 applications which collect and transfer bulk data. We
                 present PIP (Packets in Pipe), a MAC primitive for use
                 by the transport module to achieve high throughput. PIP
                 has a unique set of features: (a) it is a multihop
                 connection-oriented primitive, (b) it is TDMA based,
                 (c) it uses multiple radio channels, and (d) it is
                 centrally controlled. This represents a significant
                 shift from prior MAC protocols for bulk data transfer.
                 PIP has several desirable properties: (a) its
                 throughput degrades only slightly with increasing
                 number of hops, (b) it is robust to variable wireless
                 error rates, (c) it performs well even without any flow
                 control, and (d) requires only small queue sizes to
                 operate well. We substantiate these properties with a
                 prototype implementation of PIP on the Tmote-Sky
                 CC2420-based platform. PIP achieves about eleven times
                 better throughput than the state-of-the-art prior work,
                 over a network depth of 24 hops. We also show that PIP
                 can be interagted with duty cycling, and that PIP can
                 support streaming data from/to flash at little
                 overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Dyo:2012:WDD,
  author =       "Vladimir Dyo and Stephen A. Ellwood and David W.
                 Macdonald and Andrew Markham and Niki Trigoni and
                 Ricklef Wohlers and Cecilia Mascolo and Bence
                 P{\'a}sztor and Salvatore Scellato and Kharsim Yousef",
  title =        "{WILDSENSING}: Design and deployment of a sustainable
                 sensor network for wildlife monitoring",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240118",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The increasing adoption of wireless sensor network
                 technology in a variety of applications, from
                 agricultural to volcanic monitoring, has demonstrated
                 their ability to gather data with unprecedented sensing
                 capabilities and deliver it to a remote user. However,
                 a key issue remains how to maintain these sensor
                 network deployments over increasingly prolonged
                 deployments. In this article, we present the challenges
                 that were faced in maintaining continual operation of
                 an automated wildlife monitoring system over a one-year
                 period. This system analyzed the social colocation
                 patterns of European badgers ( Meles meles ) residing
                 in a dense woodland environment using a hybrid RFID-WSN
                 approach. We describe the stages of the evolutionary
                 development, from implementation, deployment, and
                 testing, to various iterations of software
                 optimization, followed by hardware enhancements, which
                 in turn triggered the need for further software
                 optimization. We highlight the main lessons learned:
                 the need to factor in the maintenance costs while
                 designing the system; to consider carefully software
                 and hardware interactions; the importance of rapid
                 prototyping for initial deployment (this was key to our
                 success); and the need for continuous interaction with
                 domain scientists which allows for unexpected
                 optimizations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "29",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Dutta:2012:MVE,
  author =       "Prabal Dutta and Stephen Dawson-Haggerty and Yin Chen
                 and Chieh-Jan Mike Liang and Andreas Terzis",
  title =        "{A-MAC}: a versatile and efficient receiver-initiated
                 link layer for low-power wireless",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240119",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present A-MAC, a receiver-initiated link layer for
                 low-power wireless networks that supports several
                 services under a unified architecture, and does so more
                 efficiently and scalably than prior approaches. A-MAC's
                 versatility stems from layering unicast, broadcast,
                 wakeup, pollcast, and discovery above a single,
                 flexible synchronization primitive. A-MAC's efficiency
                 stems from optimizing this primitive and with it the
                 most consequential decision that a low-power link
                 makes: whether to stay awake or go to sleep after
                 probing the channel. Today's receiver-initiated
                 protocols require more time and energy to make this
                 decision, and they exhibit worse judgment as well,
                 leading to many false positives and negatives, and
                 lower packet delivery ratios. A-MAC begins to make this
                 decision quickly, and decides more conclusively and
                 correctly in both the negative and affirmative. A-MAC's
                 scalability comes from reserving one channel for the
                 initial handshake and different channels for data
                 transfer. Our results show that: (i) a unified
                 implementation is possible; (ii) A-MAC's idle listening
                 power increases by just 1.12$\times$ under
                 interference, compared to 17.3$\times$ for LPL and
                 54.7$\times$ for RI-MAC; (iii) A-MAC offers high
                 single-hop delivery ratios; (iv) network wakeup is
                 faster and more channel efficient than LPL; and (v)
                 collection routing performance exceeds the
                 state-of-the-art.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Guha:2012:ALT,
  author =       "Santanu Guha and Kurt Plarre and Daniel Lissner and
                 Somnath Mitra and Bhagavathy Krishna and Prabal Dutta
                 and Santosh Kumar",
  title =        "{AutoWitness}: Locating and tracking stolen property
                 while tolerating {GPS} and radio outages",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "31:1--31:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240120",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present AutoWitness, a system to deter, detect, and
                 track personal property theft, improve historically
                 dismal stolen property recovery rates, and disrupt
                 stolen property distribution networks. A property owner
                 embeds a small tag inside the asset to be protected,
                 where the tag lies dormant until it detects vehicular
                 movement. Once moved, the tag uses inertial
                 sensor-based dead reckoning to estimate position
                 changes, but to reduce integration errors, the relative
                 position is reset whenever the sensors indicate the
                 vehicle has stopped. The sequence of movements, stops,
                 and turns are logged in compact form and eventually
                 transferred to a server using a cellular modem after
                 both sufficient time has passed (to avoid detection)
                 and RF power is detectable (hinting cellular access may
                 be available). Eventually, the trajectory data are sent
                 to a server which attempts to match a path to the
                 observations. The algorithm uses a Hidden Markov Model
                 of city streets and Viterbi decoding to estimate the
                 most likely path. The proposed design leverages
                 low-power radios and inertial sensors, is immune to
                 intransit cloaking, and supports post hoc path
                 reconstruction. Our prototype demonstrates technical
                 viability of the design; the volume market forces
                 driving machine-to-machine communications will soon
                 make the design economically viable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "31",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhu:2012:ALT,
  author =       "Ting Zhu and Yu Gu and Tian He and Zhi-Li Zhang",
  title =        "Achieving long-term operation with a capacitor-driven
                 energy storage and sharing network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32:1--32:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240121",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Energy is the most precious resource in sensor
                 networks. The ability to move energy around makes it
                 feasible to build distributed energy storage systems
                 that can robustly extend the lifetime of networked
                 sensor systems. eShare supports the concept of energy
                 sharing among multiple embedded sensor devices by
                 providing designs for energy routers (i.e., energy
                 storage and routing devices) and related energy access
                 and network protocols. In a nutshell, energy routers
                 exchange energy sharing control information using their
                 data network while sharing energy freely among
                 connected embedded sensor devices using their energy
                 network. To improve sharing efficiency subject to
                 energy leakage, we develop an effective energy charging
                 and discharging mechanism using an array of
                 ultra-capacitors as the main component of an energy
                 router. We extensively evaluate our system under seven
                 real-world settings. Results indicate our charging and
                 discharging control can effectively minimize the energy
                 leaked away. Moreover, the energy sharing protocol can
                 quantitatively share 113J energy with 96.82\% accuracy
                 in less than 2 seconds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wu:2012:SSM,
  author =       "Xiaopei Wu and Mingyan Liu and Yue Wu",
  title =        "In-situ soil moisture sensing: Optimal sensor
                 placement and field estimation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "33:1--33:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240122",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the problem of optimal sensor placement in
                 the context of soil moisture sensing. We show that the
                 soil moisture data possesses some unique features that
                 can be used together with the commonly used Gaussian
                 assumption to construct more scalable, robust, and
                 better performing placement algorithms. Specifically,
                 there exists a coarse-grained monotonic ordering of
                 locations in their soil moisture level over time, both
                 in terms of its first and second moments, a feature
                 much more stable than the soil moisture process itself
                 at these locations. This motivates a clustered sensor
                 placement scheme, where locations are classified into
                 clusters based on the ordering of the mean, with the
                 number of sensors placed in each cluster determined by
                 the ordering of the variances. We show that under
                 idealized conditions the greedy mutual information
                 maximization algorithm applied globally is equivalent
                 to that applied cluster by cluster, but the latter has
                 the advantage of being more scalable. Extensive
                 numerical experiments are performed on a set of
                 three-dimensional soil moisture data generated by a
                 state-of-the-art soil moisture simulator. Our results
                 show that our clustering approach outperforms applying
                 the same algorithms globally, and is very robust to
                 lack of training and errors in training data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "33",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Baccour:2012:RLQ,
  author =       "Nouha Baccour and Anis Koub{\^a}a and Luca Mottola and
                 Marco Antonio Z{\'u}{\~n}iga and Habib Youssef and
                 Carlo Alberto Boano and M{\'a}rio Alves",
  title =        "Radio link quality estimation in wireless sensor
                 networks: a survey",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34:1--34:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240123",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Radio link quality estimation in Wireless Sensor
                 Networks (WSNs) has a fundamental impact on the network
                 performance and also affects the design of higher-layer
                 protocols. Therefore, for about a decade, it has been
                 attracting a vast array of research works. Reported
                 works on link quality estimation are typically based on
                 different assumptions, consider different scenarios,
                 and provide radically different (and sometimes
                 contradictory) results. This article provides a
                 comprehensive survey on related literature, covering
                 the characteristics of low-power links, the fundamental
                 concepts of link quality estimation in WSNs, a taxonomy
                 of existing link quality estimators, and their
                 performance analysis. To the best of our knowledge,
                 this is the first survey tackling in detail link
                 quality estimation in WSNs. We believe our efforts will
                 serve as a reference to orient researchers and system
                 designers in this area.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "34",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Nath:2012:TAH,
  author =       "Swaprava Nath and Venkatesan N. Ekambaram and Anurag
                 Kumar and P. Vijay Kumar",
  title =        "Theory and algorithms for hop-count-based localization
                 with random geometric graph models of dense sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240124",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks can often be viewed in terms
                 of a uniform deployment of a large number of nodes in a
                 region of Euclidean space. Following deployment, the
                 nodes self-organize into a mesh topology with a key
                 aspect being self-localization. Having obtained a mesh
                 topology in a dense, homogeneous deployment, a
                 frequently used approximation is to take the hop
                 distance between nodes to be proportional to the
                 Euclidean distance between them. In this work, we
                 analyze this approximation through two complementary
                 analyses. We assume that the mesh topology is a random
                 geometric graph on the nodes; and that some nodes are
                 designated as anchors with known locations. First, we
                 obtain high probability bounds on the Euclidean
                 distances of all nodes that are h hops away from a
                 fixed anchor node. In the second analysis, we provide a
                 heuristic argument that leads to a direct approximation
                 for the density function of the Euclidean distance
                 between two nodes that are separated by a hop distance
                 h. This approximation is shown, through simulation, to
                 very closely match the true density function.
                 Localization algorithms that draw upon the preceding
                 analyses are then proposed and shown to perform better
                 than some of the well-known algorithms present in the
                 literature. Belief-propagation-based message-passing is
                 then used to further enhance the performance of the
                 proposed localization algorithms. To our knowledge,
                 this is the first usage of message-passing for
                 hop-count-based self-localization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Choi:2012:NFE,
  author =       "Wook Choi and Giacomo Ghidini and Sajal K. Das",
  title =        "A novel framework for energy-efficient data gathering
                 with random coverage in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2240116.2240125",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:02:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In wireless sensor networks, different applications
                 feature different requirements in terms of such
                 performance metrics as sensing coverage and data
                 reporting latency. In most applications, it is usually
                 sufficient to provide a Desired Sensing Coverage (DSC)
                 lower than full coverage at any instance with the
                 guarantee that the whole area will eventually be
                 covered within a specified delay bound. Due to the fact
                 that these applications are also expected to run for
                 longer periods of time and at the same time battery
                 recharging and replacement are costly, energy
                 consumption in wireless sensor networks should be
                 minimized while achieving the application goals. In
                 this article, we propose a novel framework for
                 application-specific data gathering which exploits a
                 trade-off between coverage and latency, thereby
                 minimizing energy consumption and extending the network
                 lifetime. The proposed energy-efficient, constant-time,
                 randomized scheme, called Coverage-Adaptive raNdom
                 SEnsor sElection (CANSEE), selects a subset of k
                 sensors to report at each round so as to fulfill the
                 application-specific requirement of desired sensing
                 coverage and bounded latency, instead of always
                 guaranteeing full coverage and minimum latency. We
                 present a probabilistic model to estimate: (i) the
                 connectivity of those selected k sensors and the number
                 of additional sensors needed to guarantee connectivity;
                 (ii) a lower bound on k in each round; and (iii) the
                 probability of almost surely having k data reporters
                 using the Chernoff bound. The immediate event detection
                 capability achieved by the proposed CANSEE scheme is
                 also analyzed to compare the performance of our
                 framework with other data gathering schemes that allow
                 100\% coverage. Simulation results demonstrate that our
                 framework leads to a significant conservation of energy
                 (and thus extended network lifetime) with a small
                 trade-off between coverage and data reporting latency,
                 yet providing the required data reporting capability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Osborne:2012:RTI,
  author =       "Michael A. Osborne and Stephen J. Roberts and Alex
                 Rogers and Nicholas R. Jennings",
  title =        "Real-time information processing of environmental
                 sensor network data using {Bayesian Gaussian}
                 processes",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379800",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we consider the problem faced by a
                 sensor network operator who must infer, in real time,
                 the value of some environmental parameter that is being
                 monitored at discrete points in space and time by a
                 sensor network. We describe a powerful and generic
                 approach built upon an efficient multi-output Gaussian
                 process that facilitates this information acquisition
                 and processing. Our algorithm allows effective
                 inference even with minimal domain knowledge, and we
                 further introduce a formulation of Bayesian Monte Carlo
                 to permit the principled management of the
                 hyperparameters introduced by our flexible models. We
                 demonstrate how our methods can be applied in cases
                 where the data is delayed, intermittently missing,
                 censored, and/or correlated. We validate our approach
                 using data collected from three networks of weather
                 sensors and show that it yields better inference
                 performance than both conventional independent Gaussian
                 processes and the Kalman filter. Finally, we show that
                 our formalism efficiently reuses previous computations
                 by following an online update procedure as new data
                 sequentially arrives, and that this results in a
                 four-fold increase in computational speed in the
                 largest cases considered.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Boers:2012:SCI,
  author =       "Nicholas M. Boers and Ioanis Nikolaidis and Pawel
                 Gburzynski",
  title =        "Sampling and classifying interference patterns in a
                 wireless sensor network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379801",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The low-powered transmissions in a wireless sensor
                 network (WSN) are highly susceptible to interference
                 from external sources. Our work is a step towards
                 enabling WSN devices to better understand the
                 interference in their environment so that they can
                 adapt to it and communicate more efficiently. We extend
                 our previous work in which we collected received signal
                 strength traces using mote-class synchronized receivers
                 at sample rates that are, to the best of our knowledge,
                 higher than previously described in the literature.
                 These traces contain distinct interference patterns,
                 each with a different potential for being exploited by
                 cognitive radio strategies. In order to exploit a
                 pattern, however, a node must first recognize it. Given
                 the energy and space constraints of a node, we explore
                 succinct decision tree classifiers for the two most
                 disruptive patterns. We expand on a basic feature set
                 to incorporate attributes based on the dip statistic
                 and the Lomb periodogram, both of which address
                 specific, empirically observed behaviour, and we show
                 their positive impact on both the decision tree
                 structure and the overall classification performance.
                 Moreover, we present an approximation of the
                 periodogram that makes its construction feasible for
                 mote-class devices, and we describe the
                 simplification's impact on classification
                 performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhang:2012:ACI,
  author =       "Jun Zhang and Xiaohua Jia and Yuan Zhou",
  title =        "Analysis of capacity improvement by directional
                 antennas in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379802",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article we analyze capacity improvement by
                 directional antennas over omni antennas in wireless
                 sensor networks. The capacity in our analysis is the
                 end-to-end per-node throughput. We analyze the typical
                 traffic pattern for sensor networks, where traffics are
                 destined to or originated from the sink. The main
                 results of our analysis are summarized as follows. (1)
                 The network capacity is $ O (1 / N) $ for both omni and
                 directional antennas, where $N$ is the number of sensor
                 nodes in the network. (2) In the case of line
                 deployment, the capacity ratio of directional antennas
                 over omni antennas is bounded by $ (2 q + 3) / (2 q -
                 1) $, where q is the ratio of the interference radius
                 to the transmission radius. (3) In the case of
                 two-dimensional deployment, the capacity for using
                 directional antennas is $ O(1 / \theta) $ for $ m = 2
                 $, and $ O (\lg m / \theta^2 \lg (1 / \theta)) $ for $
                 m > 2 $, where $m$ is the number of radios (antennas)
                 on each node and \theta is the beamwidth of antennas.
                 (4) When there are $ n > 1 $ sinks, the capacity has a
                 non-monotonic relationship with the transmission
                 radius. The optimal transmission radius depends on the
                 ratio of $ n / q $. (5) The capacity ratio of
                 directional antennas over omni antennas in
                 multi-channel networks decreases as the channel
                 number/radio number ratio $ c / m $ increases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Liang:2012:DSE,
  author =       "Jinling Liang and Zidong Wang and Bo Shen and Xiaohui
                 Liu",
  title =        "Distributed state estimation in sensor networks with
                 randomly occurring nonlinearities subject to time
                 delays",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379803",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article is concerned with a new distributed state
                 estimation problem for a class of dynamical systems in
                 sensor networks. The target plant is described by a set
                 of differential equations disturbed by a Brownian
                 motion and randomly occurring nonlinearities (RONs)
                 subject to time delays. The RONs are investigated here
                 to reflect network-induced randomly occurring
                 regulation of the delayed states on the current ones.
                 Through available measurement output transmitted from
                 the sensors, a distributed state estimator is designed
                 to estimate the states of the target system, where each
                 sensor can communicate with the neighboring sensors
                 according to the given topology by means of a directed
                 graph. The state estimation is carried out in a
                 distributed way and is therefore applicable to online
                 application. By resorting to the Lyapunov functional
                 combined with stochastic analysis techniques, several
                 delay-dependent criteria are established that not only
                 ensure the estimation error to be globally
                 asymptotically stable in the mean square, but also
                 guarantee the existence of the desired estimator gains
                 that can then be explicitly expressed when certain
                 matrix inequalities are solved. A numerical example is
                 given to verify the designed distributed state
                 estimators.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kasirajan:2012:NDA,
  author =       "Priya Kasirajan and Carl Larsen and S. Jagannathan",
  title =        "A new data aggregation scheme via adaptive compression
                 for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379804",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Data aggregation is necessary for extending the
                 network lifetime of wireless sensor nodes with limited
                 processing and power capabilities, since energy
                 expended in transmitting a single data bit would be at
                 least several orders of magnitude higher when compared
                 to that needed for a 32-bit computation. Therefore, in
                 this article, a novel nonlinear adaptive pulse coded
                 modulation-based compression (NADPCMC) scheme is
                 proposed for data aggregation in a wireless sensor
                 network (WSN). The NADPCMC comprises of two
                 estimators-one at the source or transmitter and the
                 second one at the destination node. The estimator at
                 the source node approximates the data value for each
                 sample. The difference between the data sample and its
                 estimate is quantized and transmitted to the next hop
                 node instead of the actual data sample, thus reducing
                 the amount of data transmission and rending energy
                 savings. A similar estimator at the next hop node or
                 base station reconstructs the original data. It is
                 demonstrated that repeated application of the NADPCMC
                 scheme along the route in a WSN results in data
                 aggregation. Satisfactory performance of the proposed
                 scheme in terms of distortion, compression ratio, and
                 energy efficiency and in the presence of estimation and
                 quantization errors for data aggregation is
                 demonstrated using the Lyapunov approach. Then the
                 performance of the proposed scheme is contrasted with
                 the available compression schemes in an NS-2
                 environment through several benchmarking datasets.
                 Simulation and hardware results demonstrate that almost
                 50\% energy savings with low distortion levels below
                 5\% and low overhead are observed when compared to no
                 compression. Iteratively applying the proposed
                 compression scheme at the cluster head nodes along the
                 routes over the network yields an additional
                 improvement of 20\% in energy savings per aggregation
                 with an overall distortion below 8\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Shuai:2012:TMP,
  author =       "Zaihong Shuai and Sangseok Yoon and Songhwai Oh and
                 Ming-Hsuan Yang",
  title =        "Traffic modeling and prediction using sensor networks:
                 Who will go where and when?",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379805",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a probabilistic framework for modeling and
                 predicting traffic patterns using information obtained
                 from wireless sensor networks. For concreteness, we
                 apply the proposed framework to a smart building
                 application in which traffic patterns of humans are
                 modeled and predicted through human detection and
                 matching of their images taken from cameras at
                 different locations. Experiments with more than 100,000
                 images of over 40 subjects demonstrate promising
                 results in traffic pattern prediction using the
                 proposed algorithm. The algorithm can also be applied
                 to other applications, including surveillance, traffic
                 monitoring, abnormality detection, and location-based
                 services. In addition, the long-term deployment of the
                 network can be used for security, energy conservation,
                 and utilization improvement of smart buildings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Pietro:2012:SHU,
  author =       "Roberto Di Pietro and Di Ma and Claudio Soriente and
                 Gene Tsudik",
  title =        "Self-healing in unattended wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379806",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) appeal to a wide range
                 of applications that involve the monitoring of various
                 physical phenomena. However, WSNs are subject to many
                 threats. In particular, lack of pervasive
                 tamper-resistant hardware results in sensors being easy
                 targets for compromise. Having compromised a sensor,
                 the adversary learns all the sensor secrets, allowing
                 it to later encrypt/decrypt or authenticate messages on
                 behalf of that sensor. This threat is particularly
                 relevant in the novel unattended wireless sensor
                 networks (UWSNs) scenario. UWSNs operate without
                 constant supervision by a trusted sink. UWSN's
                 unattended nature and increased exposure to attacks
                 prompts the need for special techniques geared towards
                 regaining security after being compromised. In this
                 article, we investigate cooperative self-healing in
                 UWSNs and propose various techniques to allow
                 unattended sensors to recover security after
                 compromise. Our techniques provide seamless healing
                 rates even against a very agile and powerful adversary.
                 The effectiveness and viability of our proposed
                 techniques are assessed by thorough analysis and
                 supported by simulation results. Finally, we introduce
                 some real-world issues affecting UWSN deployment and
                 provide some solutions for them as well as a few open
                 problems calling for further investigation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kim:2012:LSV,
  author =       "Younghun Kim and Heemin Park and Mani B. Srivastava",
  title =        "A longitudinal study of vibration-based water flow
                 sensing",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379807",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a long-term and cross-sectional study of a
                 vibration-based water flow rate monitoring system in
                 practical environments and scenarios. In our earlier
                 research, we proved that a water flow monitoring system
                 with vibration sensors is feasible by deploying and
                 evaluating it in a small-scale laboratory setting. To
                 validate the proposed system, the system was deployed
                 in existing environments-two houses and a public
                 restroom-and in two different laboratory test settings.
                 With the collected data, we first demonstrate various
                 aspects of the system's performance, including sensing
                 stability, sensor node lifetime, the stability of
                 autonomous sensor calibration, time to adaptation, and
                 deployment complexity. We then discuss the practical
                 challenges and lessons from the full-scale deployments.
                 The evaluation results show that our water monitoring
                 solution is a practical, quick-to-deploy system with a
                 less than 5\% average flow estimation error.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Jeong:2012:PTM,
  author =       "Jaein Jeong and David Culler",
  title =        "A practical theory of micro-solar power sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2379799.2379808",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:51 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Building a micro-solar power system is challenging
                 because it must address long-term system behavior under
                 highly variable solar energy and consider a large
                 design space. We develop a practical theory of
                 micro-solar power systems that is materialized in a
                 simulation suite that models component and system
                 behavior over a long time scale and in an external
                 environment that depends on time, location, weather,
                 and local variations. This simulation provides
                 sufficient accuracy to guide specific design choices in
                 a large design space. Unlike the many macro-solar
                 calculators, this design tool models detailed behavior
                 of milliwatt systems in the worst conditions, rather
                 than typical behavior of kilowatt systems in the best
                 conditions. Our simulation suite is validated with a
                 concrete design of micro-solar power systems, the
                 HydroWatch node. With our simulation suite, micro-solar
                 power systems can be designed in a systematic fashion.
                 Putting the model and empirical vehicle together, the
                 design choices in each component of a micro-solar power
                 system are studied to reach a deployable candidate. The
                 deployment is evaluated by analyzing the effects of
                 different solar profiles across the network. The
                 analysis from the deployment can be used to refine the
                 next system-design iteration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2013:MTP,
  author =       "Xiaodong Wang and Xiaorui Wang and Guoliang Xing and
                 Yanjun Yao",
  title =        "Minimum transmission power configuration in real-time
                 sensor networks with overlapping channels",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Multi-channel communications can effectively reduce
                 channel competition and interference in a wireless
                 sensor network and thus achieve increased throughput
                 and improved end-to-end delay guarantees with reduced
                 power consumption. However, existing work relies only
                 on a small number of orthogonal channels, resulting in
                 degraded performance when a large number of data flows
                 need to be transmitted on different channels. In this
                 article, we conduct empirical studies to investigate
                 interferences among overlapping channels. Our results
                 show that overlapping channels can also be utilized for
                 improved real-time performance if the node transmission
                 power is carefully configured. In order to minimize the
                 overall transmission power consumption of a network
                 with multiple data flows under end-to-end delay
                 constraints, we formulate a constrained optimization
                 problem to configure the transmission power level of
                 every node and assign overlapping channels to different
                 data flows. Since the optimization problem has an
                 exponential computational complexity, we then present a
                 heuristic algorithm designed based on simulated
                 annealing to find a suboptimal solution. Our extensive
                 empirical results on a 33-mote testbed demonstrate that
                 our algorithm achieves better real-time performance and
                 less power consumption than two baselines, including a
                 scheme using only orthogonal channels.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tang:2013:EED,
  author =       "Bin Tang and Neeraj Jaggi and Haijie Wu and Rohini
                 Kurkal",
  title =        "Energy-efficient data redistribution in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We address the energy-efficient data redistribution
                 problem in data-intensive sensor networks (DISNs). In a
                 DISN, a large volume of data gets generated, which is
                 first stored in the network and is later collected for
                 further analysis when the next uploading opportunity
                 arises. The key concern in DISNs is to be able to
                 redistribute the data from data-generating nodes into
                 the network under limited storage and energy
                 constraints at the sensor nodes. We formulate the data
                 redistribution problem where the objective is to
                 minimize the total energy consumption during this
                 process while guaranteeing full utilization of the
                 distributed storage capacity in the DISNs. We show that
                 the problem is APX-hard for arbitrary data sizes;
                 therefore, a polynomial time approximation algorithm is
                 unlikely. For unit data sizes, we show that the problem
                 is equivalent to the minimum cost flow problem, which
                 can be solved optimally. However, the optimal
                 solution's centralized nature makes it unsuitable for
                 large-scale distributed sensor networks. Thus, we
                 design a distributed algorithm for the data
                 redistribution problem which performs very close to the
                 optimal, and compare its performance with various
                 intuitive heuristics. The distributed algorithm relies
                 on potential function-based computations, incurs
                 limited message and computational overhead at both the
                 sensor nodes and data generator nodes, and is easily
                 implementable in a distributed manner. We analytically
                 study the convergence and performance of the proposed
                 algorithm and demonstrate its near-optimal performance
                 and scalability under various network scenarios. In
                 addition, we implement the distributed algorithm in
                 TinyOS, evaluate it using TOSSIM simulator, and show
                 that it outperforms EnviroStore, the only existing
                 scheme for data redistribution in sensor networks, in
                 both solution quality and message overhead. Finally, we
                 extend the proposed algorithm to avoid disproportionate
                 energy consumption at different sensor nodes without
                 compromising the solution quality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Noshadi:2013:BOD,
  author =       "Hyduke Noshadi and Foad Dabiri and Saro Meguerdichian
                 and Miodrag Potkonjak and Majid Sarrafzadeh",
  title =        "Behavior-oriented data resource management in medical
                 sensing systems",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wearable sensing systems have recently enabled a
                 variety of medical monitoring and diagnostic
                 applications in wireless health. The need for multiple
                 sensors and constant monitoring leads these systems to
                 be power hungry and expensive with short operating
                 lifetimes. We introduce a novel methodology that takes
                 advantage of contextual and semantic properties in
                 human behavior to enable efficient design and
                 optimization of such systems from the data and
                 information point of view. This, in turn, directly
                 influences the wireless communication and local
                 processing power consumption. We exploit intrinsic
                 space and temporal correlations between sensor data
                 while considering both user and system contextual
                 behavior. Our goal is to select a small subset of
                 sensors that accurately capture and/or predict all
                 possible signals of a fully instrumented wearable
                 sensing system. Our approach leverages novel modeling,
                 partitioning, and behavioral optimization, which
                 consists of signal characterization, segmentation and
                 time shifting, mutual signal prediction, and a
                 simultaneous minimization composed of subset sensor
                 selection and opportunistic sampling. We demonstrate
                 the effectiveness of the technique on an insole
                 instrumented with 99 pressure sensors placed in each
                 shoe, which cover the bottom of the entire foot,
                 resulting in energy reduction of 72\% to 97\% for error
                 rates of 5\% to 17.5\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Park:2013:MSA,
  author =       "Pangun Park and Carlo Fischione and Karl Henrik
                 Johansson",
  title =        "Modeling and stability analysis of hybrid multiple
                 access in the {IEEE 802.15.4} protocol",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "To offer flexible quality of service to several
                 classes of applications, the medium access control
                 (MAC) protocol of IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor
                 networks (WSNs) combines the advantages of a random
                 access with contention with a time division multiple
                 access (TDMA) without contention. Understanding
                 reliability, delay, and throughput is essential to
                 characterizing the fundamental limitations of the MAC
                 and optimizing its parameters. Nevertheless, there is
                 not yet a clear investigation of the achievable
                 performance of hybrid MAC. In this article, an
                 analytical framework for modeling the behavior of the
                 hybrid MAC protocol of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is
                 proposed. The main challenge for an accurate analysis
                 is the coexistence of the stochastic behavior of the
                 random access and the deterministic behavior of the
                 TDMA scheme. The analysis is done in three steps.
                 First, the contention access scheme of the IEEE
                 802.15.4 exponential back-off process is modeled
                 through an extended Markov chain that takes into
                 account channel, retry limits, acknowledgements,
                 unsaturated traffic, and superframe period. Second, the
                 behavior of the TDMA access scheme is modeled by
                 another Markov chain. Finally, the two chains are
                 coupled to obtain a complete model of the hybrid MAC.
                 By using this model, the network performance in terms
                 of reliability, average packet delay, average queuing
                 delay, and throughput is evaluated through both
                 theoretical analysis and experiments. The protocol has
                 been implemented and evaluated on a testbed with
                 off-the-shelf wireless sensor devices to demonstrate
                 the utility of the analysis in a practical setup. It is
                 established that the probability density function of
                 the number of received packets per superframe follows a
                 Poisson distribution. It is determined under which
                 conditions the guaranteed time slot allocation
                 mechanism of IEEE 802.15.4 is stable. It is shown that
                 the mutual effect between throughput of the random
                 access and the TDMA scheme for a fixed superframe
                 length is critical to maximizing the overall throughput
                 of the hybrid MAC. In high traffic load, the throughput
                 of the random access mechanism dominates over TDMA due
                 to the constrained use of TDMA in the standard.
                 Furthermore, it is shown that the effect of imperfect
                 channels and carrier sensing on system performance
                 heavily depends on the traffic load and limited range
                 of the protocol parameters. Finally, it is argued that
                 the traffic generation model established in this
                 article may be used to design an activation timer
                 mechanism in a modified version of the CSMA/CA
                 algorithm that guarantees a stable network
                 performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Taherkordi:2013:OSN,
  author =       "Amir Taherkordi and Frederic Loiret and Romain Rouvoy
                 and Frank Eliassen",
  title =        "Optimizing sensor network reprogramming via in situ
                 reconfigurable components",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless reprogramming of sensor nodes is a critical
                 requirement in long-lived wireless sensor networks
                 (WSNs) addressing several concerns, such as fixing
                 bugs, upgrading the operating system and applications,
                 and adapting applications behavior according to the
                 physical environment. In such resource-poor platforms,
                 the ability to efficiently delimit and reconfigure the
                 necessary portion of sensor software-instead of
                 updating the full binary image-is of vital importance.
                 However, most existing approaches in this field have
                 not been adopted widely to date due to the extensive
                 use of WSN resources or lack of generality. In this
                 article, we therefore consider WSN programming models
                 and runtime reconfiguration models as two interrelated
                 factors and we present an integrated approach for
                 addressing efficient reprogramming in WSNs. The
                 middleware solution we propose, {$<$
                 scp$<$RemoWare$<$}/{scp$<$}, is characterized by
                 mitigating the cost of post-deployment software updates
                 on sensor nodes via the notion of in situ
                 reconfigurability and providing a component-based
                 programming abstraction in order to facilitate the
                 development of dynamic WSN applications. Our evaluation
                 results show that {$<$ scp$<$RemoWare$<$}/{scp$<$}
                 imposes a very low energy overhead in code distribution
                 and component reconfiguration and consumes
                 approximately 6\% of the total code memory on a {$<$
                 scp$<$TelosB$<$}/{scp$<$} sensor platform.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Chong:2013:SLP,
  author =       "Poh Kit Chong and Daeyoung Kim",
  title =        "Surface-level path loss modeling for sensor networks
                 in flat and irregular terrain",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Many wireless sensor network applications require
                 sensor nodes to be deployed on the ground or other
                 surfaces. However, there has been little effort to
                 characterize the large- and small-scale path loss for
                 surface-level radio communications. We present a
                 comprehensive measurement of path loss and fading
                 characteriztics for surface-level sensor nodes in the
                 400 MHz band in both flat and irregular outdoor terrain
                 in an effort to improve the understanding of
                 surface-level sensor network communications performance
                 and to increase the accuracy of sensor network modeling
                 and simulation. Based on our measurement results, we
                 characterize the spatial small-scale area fading
                 effects as a Rician distribution with a
                 distance-dependent K-factor. We also propose a new
                 semi-empirical path loss model for outdoor
                 surface-level wireless sensor networks called the
                 Surface-Level Irregular Terrain (SLIT) model. We verify
                 our model by comparing measurement results with
                 predicted values obtained from high-resolution digital
                 elevation model (DEM) data and computer simulation for
                 the 400 MHz and 2.4 GHz band. Finally, we discuss the
                 impact of the SLIT model and demonstrate through
                 simulation the effects when SLIT is used as the path
                 loss model for existing sensor network protocols.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ercan:2013:OTP,
  author =       "Ali O. Ercan and Abbas El Gamal and Leonidas J.
                 Guibas",
  title =        "Object tracking in the presence of occlusions using
                 multiple cameras: a sensor network approach",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article describes a sensor network approach to
                 tracking a single object in the presence of static and
                 moving occluders using a network of cameras. To
                 conserve communication bandwidth and energy, we combine
                 a task-driven approach with camera subset selection. In
                 the task-driven approach, each camera first performs
                 simple local processing to detect the horizontal
                 position of the object in the image. This information
                 is then sent to a cluster head to track the object. We
                 assume the locations of the static occluders to be
                 known, but only prior statistics on the positions of
                 the moving occluders are available. A noisy perspective
                 camera measurement model is introduced, where
                 occlusions are captured through occlusion indicator
                 functions. An auxiliary particle filter that
                 incorporates the occluder information is used to track
                 the object. The camera subset selection algorithm uses
                 the minimum mean square error of the best linear
                 estimate of the object position as a metric, and
                 tracking is performed using only the selected subset of
                 cameras. Using simulations and preselected subsets of
                 cameras, we investigate (i) the dependency of the
                 tracker performance on the accuracy of the moving
                 occluder priors, (ii) the trade-off between the number
                 of cameras and the occluder prior accuracy required to
                 achieve a prescribed tracker performance, and (iii) the
                 importance of having occluder priors to the tracker
                 performance as the number of occluders increases. We
                 find that computing moving occluder priors may not be
                 worthwhile, unless it can be obtained cheaply and to
                 high accuracy. We also investigate the effect of
                 dynamically selecting the subset of camera nodes used
                 in tracking on the tracking performance. We show
                 through simulations that a greedy selection algorithm
                 performs close to the brute-force method and
                 outperforms other heuristics, and the performance
                 achieved by greedily selecting a small fraction of the
                 cameras is close to that of using all the cameras.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tan:2013:FBV,
  author =       "Rui Tan and Guoliang Xing and Jinzhu Chen and Wen-Zhan
                 Song and Renjie Huang",
  title =        "Fusion-based volcanic earthquake detection and timing
                 in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Volcano monitoring is of great interest to public
                 safety and scientific explorations. However,
                 traditional volcanic instrumentation such as broadband
                 seismometers are expensive, power hungry, bulky, and
                 difficult to install. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
                 offer the potential to monitor volcanoes on
                 unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. However,
                 current volcanic WSN systems often yield poor
                 monitoring quality due to the limited sensing
                 capability of low-cost sensors and unpredictable
                 dynamics of volcanic activities. In this article, we
                 propose a novel quality-driven approach to achieving
                 real-time, distributed, and long-lived volcanic
                 earthquake detection and timing. By employing novel
                 in-network collaborative signal processing algorithms,
                 our approach can meet stringent requirements on sensing
                 quality (i.e., low false alarm/missing rate, short
                 detection delay, and precise earthquake onset time) at
                 low power consumption. We have implemented our
                 algorithms in TinyOS and conducted extensive evaluation
                 on a testbed of 24 TelosB motes as well as simulations
                 based on real data traces collected during 5.5 months
                 on an active volcano. We show that our approach yields
                 near-zero false alarm/missing rate, less than one
                 second of detection delay, and millisecond precision
                 earthquake onset time while achieving up to six-fold
                 energy reduction over the current data collection
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2013:SAH,
  author =       "Ming Li and Shucheng Yu and Joshua D. Guttman and
                 Wenjing Lou and Kui Ren",
  title =        "Secure ad hoc trust initialization and key management
                 in wireless body area networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The body area network (BAN) is a key enabling
                 technology in e-healthcare. An important security issue
                 is to establish initial trust relationships among the
                 BAN devices before they are actually deployed and
                 generate necessary shared secret keys to protect the
                 subsequent wireless communications. Due to the ad hoc
                 nature of the BAN and the extreme resource constraints
                 of sensor devices, providing secure as well as
                 efficient and user-friendly trust initialization is a
                 challenging task. Traditional solutions for wireless
                 sensor networks mostly depend on key predistribution,
                 which is unsuitable for a BAN in many ways. In this
                 article, we propose group device pairing (GDP), a
                 user-aided multi-party authenticated key agreement
                 protocol. Through GDP, a group of sensor devices that
                 have no pre-shared secrets establish initial trust by
                 generating various shared secret keys out of an
                 unauthenticated channel. Devices authenticate
                 themselves to each other with the aid of a human user
                 who performs visual verifications. The GDP supports
                 fast batch deployment, addition and revocation of
                 sensor devices, does not rely on any additional
                 hardware device, and is mostly based on symmetric key
                 cryptography. We formally prove the security of the
                 proposed protocols, and we implement GDP on a sensor
                 network testbed and report performance evaluation
                 results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kamal:2013:PLA,
  author =       "Abu Raihan M. Kamal and Chris Bleakley and Simon
                 Dobson",
  title =        "{Packet-Level Attestation (PLA)}: a framework for
                 in-network sensor data reliability",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks (WSN) show enormous potential
                 for collection and analysis of physical data in
                 real-time. Many papers have proposed methods for
                 improving the network reliability of WSNs. However,
                 real WSN deployments show that sensor data-faults are
                 very common. Several server-side data reliability
                 techniques have been proposed to detect these faults
                 and impute missing or erroneous data. Typically, these
                 techniques reduce the lifetime of the network due to
                 redundant data transmission, increase latency, and are
                 computation and storage intensive. Herein, we propose
                 Packet-Level Attestation (PLA), a novel framework for
                 sensor data reliability assessment. It exploits the
                 spatial correlation of data sensed at nearby sensors.
                 The method does not incur additional transmission of
                 control message between source and sink; instead, a
                 verifier node sends a validation certificate as part of
                 the regular data packet. PLA was implemented in TinyOS
                 on TelosB motes and its performances was assessed.
                 Simulations were performed to determine its
                 scalability. It incurs only an overhead of 1.45\% in
                 terms of packets transmitted. Fault detection precision
                 of the framework varied from 100\% to 99.48\%.
                 Comparisons with existing methods for data reliability
                 analysis showed a significant reduction in data
                 transmission, prolonging the network lifetime.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Lai:2013:MHW,
  author =       "Ted Tsung-Te Lai and Wei-Ju Chen and Yu-Han Tiffany
                 Chen and Polly Huang and Hao-Hau Chu",
  title =        "Mapping hidden water pipelines using a mobile sensor
                 droplet",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This study presents several extensions to our previous
                 work on the PipeProbe system, a mobile sensor system
                 for identifying the spatial topology of hidden water
                 pipelines (i.e., non-moldable pipes such as copper and
                 PVC) behind walls or under floors [Lai et al. 2010].
                 The PipeProbe system works by dropping a tiny wireless
                 sensor capsule into the source of a water pipeline. As
                 the PipeProbe capsule traverses the pipelines, it
                 gathers and transmits pressure and angular velocity
                 readings. Through spatiotemporal analysis of these
                 sensor readings, the proposed algorithm locates all
                 turning points in the pipelines and maps their 3D
                 spatial topology. This study expands upon previous
                 research by developing new sensing techniques that
                 identify variable-diameter pipes and differentiate
                 90-degree pipe turns from 45-degree pipe bends.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Chen:2013:LBC,
  author =       "Phoebus Chen and Kirak Hong and Nikhil Naikal and S.
                 Shankar Sastry and Doug Tygar and Posu Yan and Allen Y.
                 Yang and Lung-Chung Chang and Leon Lin and Simon Wang
                 and Edgar Lobat{\'o}n and Songhwai Oh and Parvez
                 Ahammad",
  title =        "A low-bandwidth camera sensor platform with
                 applications in smart camera networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Smart camera networks have recently emerged as a new
                 class of sensor network infrastructure that is capable
                 of supporting high-power in-network signal processing
                 and enabling a wide range of applications. In this
                 article, we provide an exposition of our efforts to
                 build a low-bandwidth wireless camera network platform,
                 called CITRIC, and its applications in smart camera
                 networks. The platform integrates a camera, a
                 microphone, a frequency-scalable (up to 624 MHz) CPU,
                 16 MB FLASH, and 64 MB RAM onto a single device. The
                 device then connects with a standard sensor network
                 mote to form a wireless camera mote. With reasonably
                 low power consumption and extensive algorithmic
                 libraries running on a decent operating system that is
                 easy to program, CITRIC is ideal for research and
                 applications in distributed image and video processing.
                 Its capabilities of in-network image processing also
                 reduce communication requirements, which has been high
                 in other existing camera networks with centralized
                 processing. Furthermore, the mote easily integrates
                 with other low-bandwidth sensor networks via the IEEE
                 802.15.4 protocol. To justify the utility of CITRIC, we
                 present several representative applications. In
                 particular, concrete research results will be
                 demonstrated in two areas, namely, distributed coverage
                 hole identification and distributed object
                 recognition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2013:MSA,
  author =       "Dan Wang and Jiangchuan Liu and Qian Zhang",
  title =        "On mobile sensor assisted field coverage",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Providing field coverage is a key task in many sensor
                 network applications. With unevenly distributed static
                 sensors, quality coverage with acceptable network
                 lifetime is often difficult to achieve. Fortunately,
                 recent advances on embedded and robotic systems make
                 mobile sensors possible, and we suggest that a small
                 set of mobile sensors can be leveraged toward a
                 cost-effective solution for field coverage. There are,
                 however, a series of fundamental questions to be
                 answered in such a hybrid network of static and mobile
                 sensors: (1) Given the expected coverage quality and
                 system lifetime, how many mobile sensors should be
                 deployed? (2) What are the necessary coverage
                 contributions from each type of sensors? (3) What
                 working and moving patterns should the sensors adopt to
                 achieve the desired coverage contributions? In this
                 article, we offer an analytical study on these
                 problems, and the results lead to a practical system
                 design. Specifically, we present an optimal algorithm
                 for calculating the contributions from different types
                 of sensors, which fully exploits the potentials of the
                 mobile sensors and maximizes the network lifetime. We
                 then present a random walk model for the mobile
                 sensors. The model is distributed with very low control
                 overhead. Its parameters can be fine-tuned to match the
                 moving capability of different mobile sensors and the
                 demands from a broad spectrum of applications. A node
                 collaboration scheme is then introduced to further
                 enhance the system performance. We demonstrate through
                 analysis and simulation that, in our mobile assisted
                 design, a small set of mobile sensors can effectively
                 address the uneven distribution of the static sensors
                 and significantly improve the coverage quality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Jurdak:2013:EEL,
  author =       "Raja Jurdak and Peter Corke and Alban Cotillon and
                 Dhinesh Dharman and Chris Crossman and Guillaume
                 Salagnac",
  title =        "Energy-efficient localization: {GPS} duty cycling with
                 radio ranging",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "GPS is a commonly used and convenient technology for
                 determining absolute position in outdoor environments,
                 but its high power consumption leads to rapid battery
                 depletion in mobile devices. An obvious solution is to
                 duty cycle the GPS module, which prolongs the device
                 lifetime at the cost of increased position uncertainty
                 while the GPS is off. This article addresses the
                 trade-off between energy consumption and localization
                 performance in a mobile sensor network application. The
                 focus is on augmenting GPS location with more
                 energy-efficient location sensors to bound position
                 estimate uncertainty while GPS is off. Empirical GPS
                 and radio contact data from a large-scale animal
                 tracking deployment is used to model node mobility,
                 radio performance, and GPS. Because GPS takes a
                 considerable, and variable, time after powering up
                 before it delivers a good position measurement, we
                 model the GPS behavior through empirical measurements
                 of two GPS modules. These models are then used to
                 explore duty cycling strategies for maintaining
                 position uncertainty within specified bounds. We then
                 explore the benefits of using short-range radio contact
                 logging alongside GPS as an energy-inexpensive means of
                 lowering uncertainty while the GPS is off, and we
                 propose strategies that use RSSI ranging and GPS
                 back-offs to further reduce energy consumption. Results
                 show that our combined strategies can cut node energy
                 consumption by one third while still meeting
                 application-specific positioning criteria.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Xiao:2013:RLA,
  author =       "Qingjun Xiao and Kai Bu and Zhijun Wang and Bin Xiao",
  title =        "Robust localization against outliers in wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In wireless sensor networks, a critical system service
                 is the localization service that determines the
                 locations of geographically distributed sensor nodes.
                 The raw data used by this service are the distance
                 measurements between neighboring nodes and the position
                 knowledge of anchor nodes. However, these raw data may
                 contain outliers that strongly deviate from their true
                 values, which include both the outlier distances and
                 the outlier anchors. These outliers can severely
                 degrade the accuracy of the localization service.
                 Therefore, we need a robust localization algorithm that
                 can reject these outliers. Previous studies in this
                 field mainly focus on enhancing multilateration with
                 outlier rejection ability, since multilateration is a
                 primitive operation used by localization service. But
                 patch merging, a powerful operation for increasing the
                 percentage of localizable nodes in sparse networks, is
                 almost neglected. We thus propose a robust patch
                 merging operation that can reject outliers for both
                 multilateration and patch merging. Based on this
                 operation, we further propose a robust network
                 localization algorithm called RobustLoc. This algorithm
                 makes two major contributions. (1) RobustLoc can
                 achieve a high percentage of localizable nodes in both
                 dense and sparse networks. In contrast, previous
                 methods based on robust multilateration almost always
                 fail in sparse networks with average degrees between 5
                 and 7. Our experiments show that RobustLoc can localize
                 about 90\% of nodes in a sparse network with 5.5
                 degrees. (2) As far as we know, RobustLoc is the first
                 to uncover the differences between outlier distances
                 and outlier anchors. Our simulations show that
                 RobustLoc can reject colluding outlier anchors reliably
                 in both convex and concave networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Keller:2013:SNC,
  author =       "Lorenzo Keller and Emre Atsan and Katerina Argyraki
                 and Christina Fragouli",
  title =        "{SenseCode}: Network coding for reliable sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Designing a communication protocol for sensor networks
                 often involves obtaining the right trade-off between
                 energy efficiency and end-to-end packet error rate. In
                 this article, we show that network coding provides a
                 means to elegantly balance these two goals. We present
                 the design and implementation of SenseCode, a
                 collection protocol for sensor networks-and, to the
                 best of our knowledge, the first such implemented
                 protocol to employ network coding. SenseCode provides a
                 way to gracefully introduce a configurable amount of
                 redundant information into the network, thereby
                 decreasing end-to-end packet error rate in the face of
                 packet loss. We compare SenseCode to the best (to our
                 knowledge) existing alternative and show that it
                 reduces end-to-end packet error rate in highly dynamic
                 environments, while consuming a comparable amount of
                 network resources. We have implemented SenseCode as a
                 TinyOS module and evaluate it through extensive TOSSIM
                 simulations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yang:2013:BTI,
  author =       "Zheng Yang and Lirong Jian and Chenshu Wu and Yunhao
                 Liu",
  title =        "Beyond triangle inequality: Sifting noisy and outlier
                 distance measurements for localization",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Knowing accurate positions of nodes in wireless ad hoc
                 and sensor networks is essential for a wide range of
                 pervasive and mobile applications. However, errors are
                 inevitable in distance measurements and we observe that
                 a small number of outliers can degrade localization
                 accuracy drastically. To deal with noisy and outlier
                 ranging results, triangle inequality, is often employed
                 in existing approaches. Our study shows that triangle
                 inequality has many limitations, which make it far from
                 accurate and reliable. In this study, we formally
                 define the outlier detection problem for network
                 localization and build a theoretical foundation to
                 identify outliers based on graph embeddability and
                 rigidity theory. Our analysis shows that the redundancy
                 of distance measurements plays an important role. We
                 then design a bilateration generic cycles-based outlier
                 detection algorithm, and examine its effectiveness and
                 efficiency through a network prototype implementation
                 of MicaZ motes as well as extensive simulations. The
                 results show that our design significantly improves the
                 localization accuracy by wisely rejecting outliers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Syed:2013:TRM,
  author =       "Affan A. Syed and John Heidemann and Wei Ye",
  title =        "Tones for real: Managing multipath in underwater
                 acoustic wakeup",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:18:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The principles of sensor networks-low-power, wireless,
                 in-situ sensing with many inexpensive sensors-are only
                 recently penetrating into underwater research. Acoustic
                 communication is best suited for underwater
                 communication, with much lower attenuation than RF, but
                 acoustic propagation is five orders-of-magnitude slower
                 than RF, so propagation times stretch to hundreds of
                 milliseconds. Low-power wakeup tones are present in new
                 underwater acoustic modems, and when added to
                 applications and MAC protocols they reduce energy
                 consumption wasted on idle listening. Unfortunately,
                 underwater acoustic tones suffer from
                 self-multipath-echoes unique to the latency that can
                 completely defeat their protocol advantages. We
                 introduce Self-Reflection Tone Learning (SRTL), a novel
                 approach where nodes use Bayesian techniques to address
                 interference by learning to discriminate
                 self-reflections from noise and independent
                 communication. We present detailed experiments using an
                 acoustic modem in controlled and uncontrolled, in-air
                 and underwater environments. These experiments
                 demonstrate that SRTL's knowledge corresponds to
                 physical-world predictions, that it can cope with
                 underwater noise and reasonable levels of artificial
                 noise, and that it can track a changing multipath
                 environment. Simulations confirm that these real-world
                 experiments generalize over a wide range of
                 conditions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tan:2013:SLC,
  author =       "Rui Tan and Guoliang Xing and Zhaohui Yuan and Xue Liu
                 and Jianguo Yao",
  title =        "System-level calibration for data fusion in wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480731",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks are typically composed of
                 low-cost sensors that are deeply integrated in physical
                 environments. As a result, the sensing performance of a
                 wireless sensor network is inevitably undermined by
                 biases in imperfect sensor hardware and the noises in
                 data measurements. Although a variety of calibration
                 methods have been proposed to address these issues,
                 they often adopt the device-level approach that becomes
                 intractable for moderate-to large-scale networks. In
                 this article, we propose a two-tier system-level
                 calibration approach for a class of sensor networks
                 that employ data fusion to improve the sensing
                 performance. In the first tier of our calibration
                 approach, each sensor learns its local sensing model
                 from noisy measurements using an online algorithm and
                 only transmits a few model parameters. In the second
                 tier, sensors' local sensing models are then calibrated
                 to a common system sensing model. Our approach fairly
                 distributes computation overhead among sensors and
                 significantly reduces the communication overhead of
                 calibration compared with the device-level approach.
                 Based on this approach, we develop an optimal model
                 calibration scheme that maximizes the target detection
                 probability of a sensor network under bounded false
                 alarm rate. Our approach is evaluated by both
                 experiments on a testbed of TelosB motes and extensive
                 simulations based on synthetic datasets as well as data
                 traces collected in a real vehicle detection
                 experiment. The results demonstrate that our
                 system-level calibration approach can significantly
                 boost the detection performance of sensor networks in
                 scenarios with low signal-to-noise ratios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Blumrosen:2013:ERB,
  author =       "Gaddi Blumrosen and Bracha Hod and Tal Anker and Danny
                 Dolev and Boris Rubinsky",
  title =        "Enhancing {RSSI-based} tracking accuracy in wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480732",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In recent years, the demand for high-precision
                 tracking systems has significantly increased in the
                 field of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A new tracking
                 system based on exploitation of Received Signal
                 Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements in WSN is
                 proposed. The proposed system is designed in particular
                 for WSNs that are deployed in close proximity and can
                 transmit data at a high transmission rate. The close
                 proximity and an optimized transmit power level enable
                 accurate conversion of RSSI measurements to range
                 estimates. Having an adequate transmission rate enables
                 spatial-temporal correlation between consecutive RSSI
                 measurements. In addition, advanced statistical and
                 signal processing methods are used to mitigate channel
                 distortion and to compensate for packet loss. The
                 system is evaluated in indoor conditions and achieves
                 tracking resolution of a few centimeters which is
                 compatible with theoretical bounds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "29",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Klein:2013:LSA,
  author =       "Daniel J. Klein and Sriram Venkateswaran and Jason T.
                 Isaacs and Jerry Burman and Tien Pham and Jo{\~a}o
                 Hespanha and Upamanyu Madhow",
  title =        "Localization with sparse acoustic sensor network using
                 {UAVs} as information-seeking data mules",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480733",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose and demonstrate a novel architecture for
                 on-the-fly inference while collecting data from sparse
                 sensor networks. In particular, we consider source
                 localization using acoustic sensors dispersed over a
                 large area, with the individual sensors located too far
                 apart for direct connectivity. An Unmanned Aerial
                 Vehicle (UAV) is employed for collecting sensor data,
                 with the UAV route adaptively adjusted based on data
                 from sensors already visited, in order to minimize the
                 time to localize events of interest. The UAV therefore
                 acts as a information-seeking data mule, not only
                 providing connectivity, but also making Bayesian
                 inferences from the data gathered in order to guide its
                 future actions. The system we demonstrate has a modular
                 architecture, comprising efficient algorithms for
                 acoustic signal processing, routing the UAV to the
                 sensors, and source localization. We report on
                 extensive field tests which not only demonstrate the
                 effectiveness of our general approach, but also yield
                 specific practical insights into GPS time
                 synchronization and localization accuracy, acoustic
                 signal and channel characteristics, and the effects of
                 environmental phenomena.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Feng:2013:EED,
  author =       "Jing Feng and Yung-Hsiang Lu and Byunghoo Jung and
                 Dimitrios Peroulis and Y. Charlie Hu",
  title =        "Energy-efficient data dissemination using beamforming
                 in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31:1--31:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480734",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Energy conservation is essential in Wireless Sensor
                 Networks (WSNs) because of limited energy in nodes'
                 batteries. Collaborative beamforming uses multiple
                 transmitters to form antenna arrays; the
                 electromagnetic waves from these antenna arrays can
                 create constructive interferences at the receiver and
                 increase the transmission distance. Each transmitter
                 can use lower power and save energy, since the energy
                 consumption is spread over multiple transmitters. Each
                 beamforming transmission requires multiple
                 collaborative transmitters. Repetitively using the same
                 transmitters will deplete their energy and create
                 coverage holes in the sensing area. To prevent holes,
                 energy should be balanced by using different
                 transmitters. This article investigates the factors
                 that can affect the energy consumption and network
                 lifetime when using beamforming. We present an
                 algorithm for selecting the transmitters in order to
                 prolong the network lifetime. Compared with an existing
                 beamforming transmitters scheduling algorithm, our
                 algorithm doubles the network lifetime. When compared
                 with direct transmission or multihop transmissions
                 towards a receiver far away from the sensing area, our
                 approach can increase the network's lifetime
                 substantially.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "31",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Sarkar:2013:DCR,
  author =       "Rik Sarkar and Xianjin Zhu and Jie Gao",
  title =        "Distributed and compact routing using spatial
                 distributions in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "32:1--32:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480735",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In traditional routing, the routing tables store
                 shortest paths to all other destinations and have size
                 linear in the size of the network, which is not
                 scalable for resource-constrained networks such as
                 wireless sensor networks. In this article we show that
                 by storing selectively a much smaller set of routing
                 paths in the routing tables one can get low-stretch,
                 compact routing schemes. Our routing scheme includes an
                 approximate distance oracle with which one can obtain
                 approximate shortest path length estimates to
                 destinations. This distance oracle can be obtained, for
                 example, by a landmark-based scheme, or in case of
                 sensor networks, from the geographic distance between
                 node locations. With an approximate distance oracle one
                 can attempt greedy routing by forwarding to the
                 neighbor whose estimate is closer to the destination.
                 But there is no guarantee of delivery nor of the
                 routing path length. We augment the distance oracle by
                 storing, for each node $u$, routing paths to $ O(\log^2
                 n) $ strategically selected nodes that serve as
                 intermediate destinations. These nodes are selected
                 with probability proportional to $ 1 / r^\rho $, where
                 $r$ is the distance to $u$ and $ \rho $ is a suitable
                 constant for the network. Then we derive a set of
                 sufficient conditions to select the next step at each
                 stage of routing, such that these conditions can be
                 verified locally and guarantee $ 1 + \epsilon $ stretch
                 routing on any metric. These conditions serve as the
                 ``greedy routing'' or local decision rule. On graphs of
                 bounded growth, our scheme guarantees $ 1 + \epsilon $
                 stretch routing with high probability, with an average
                 routing table size of $ O(\sqrt n \log^2 n) $. This
                 scheme is favorable for its simplicity, generality, and
                 blindness to any global state. It demonstrates that
                 global routing properties could emerge from purely
                 distributed and uncoordinated routing table design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2013:AEE,
  author =       "Wei Li and Fl{\'a}via C. Delicato and Albert Y.
                 Zomaya",
  title =        "Adaptive energy-efficient scheduling for hierarchical
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33:1--33:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480736",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Most Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications
                 require distributed signal and collaborative data
                 processing. One of the critical issues for enabling
                 collaborative processing in WSNs is how to schedule
                 tasks in a systematic way, including assigning tasks to
                 sensor nodes, and determining their execution and
                 communication sequence. Since WSN nodes are very
                 resource constrained, mainly regarding their energy
                 supply, one major concern when scheduling tasks in such
                 environments is to minimize and balance the energy
                 consumption, so that the system operational lifetime is
                 maximized. We propose a heuristic-based three-phase
                 algorithm (TPTS) for allocating tasks to multiple
                 clusters in hierarchical WSNs that aims at finding a
                 scheduling scheme that minimizes the overall energy
                 consumption and balances the workload of the system
                 while meeting the application's deadline. The
                 performance of the proposed algorithm and the effect of
                 several parameters on its behavior were evaluated by
                 simulations, with promising results. The experimental
                 results show that the time and energy performance of
                 TPTS are close to the time and energy of benchmarks in
                 most cases, while load balance is always provided.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "33",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yang:2013:TSS,
  author =       "Yi Yang and Min Shao and Sencun Zhu and Guohong Cao",
  title =        "Towards statistically strong source anonymity for
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "34:1--34:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480737",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "For sensor networks deployed to monitor and report
                 real events, event source anonymity is an attractive
                 and critical security property, which unfortunately is
                 also very difficult and expensive to achieve. This is
                 not only because adversaries may attack against sensor
                 source privacy through traffic analysis, but also
                 because sensor networks are very limited in resources.
                 As such, a practical trade-off between security and
                 performance is desirable. In this article, for the
                 first time we propose the notion of statistically
                 strong source anonymity, under a challenging attack
                 model where a global attacker is able to monitor the
                 traffic in the entire network. We propose a scheme
                 called FitProbRate, which realizes statistically strong
                 source anonymity for sensor networks. We demonstrate
                 the robustness of our scheme under various statistical
                 tests that might be employed by the attacker to detect
                 real events. Our analysis and simulation results show
                 that our scheme, besides providing source anonymity,
                 can significantly reduce real event reporting latency
                 compared to two baseline schemes. However, the degree
                 of source anonymity in the FitProbRate scheme might
                 decrease as real message rate increases. We propose a
                 dynamic mean scheme which has better performance under
                 high real message rates. Simulation results show that
                 the dynamic mean scheme is capable of increasing the
                 attacker's false positive rate and decreasing the
                 attacker's Bayesian detection rate significantly even
                 under high-rate continuous real messages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "34",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Xu:2013:RTR,
  author =       "Yinsheng Xu and Fengyuan Ren and Tao He and Chuang Lin
                 and Canfeng Chen and Sajal K. Das",
  title =        "Real-time routing in wireless sensor networks: a
                 potential field approach",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480738",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are embracing an
                 increasing number of real-time applications subject to
                 strict delay constraints. Utilizing the methodology of
                 potential field in physics, in this article we
                 effectively address the challenges of real-time routing
                 in WSNs. In particular, based on a virtual composite
                 potential field, we propose the Potential-based
                 Real-Time Routing (PRTR) protocol that supports
                 real-time routing using multipath transmission. PRTR
                 minimizes delay for real-time traffic and alleviates
                 possible congestions simultaneously. Since the delay
                 bounds of real-time flows are extremely important, the
                 end-to-end delay bound for a single flow is derived
                 based on the Network Calculus theory. The simulation
                 results show that PRTR minimizes the end-to-end delay
                 for real-time routing, and also guarantees a tight
                 bound on the delay.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Jiang:2013:PMW,
  author =       "Xiaoye Jiang and Mo Li and Yuan Yao and Leonidas
                 Guibas",
  title =        "Property management in wireless sensor networks with
                 overcomplete radon bases",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480730.2480739",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents a scalable algorithm for
                 managing property information about moving objects
                 tracked by a sensor network. Property information is
                 obtained via distributed sensor observations, but will
                 be corrupted when objects mix up with each other. The
                 association between properties and objects then becomes
                 ambiguous. We build a novel representation framework,
                 exploiting an overcomplete Radon basis dictionary to
                 model property uncertainty in such circumstances. By
                 making use of the combinatorial structure of the basis
                 design and sparse representations we can efficiently
                 approximate the underlying probability distribution of
                 the association between target properties and tracks,
                 overcoming the exponential space that would otherwise
                 be required. Based on the proposed theories, we design
                 a fully distributed algorithm on wireless sensor
                 networks. We conduct comparative simulations and the
                 results validate the effectiveness of our approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Shpungin:2013:IMS,
  author =       "Hanan Shpungin and Michael Segal",
  title =        "Improved multicriteria spanners for ad-hoc networks
                 under energy and distance metrics",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37:1--37:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489254",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the problem of spanner construction in
                 wireless ad-hoc networks through power assignments
                 under two spanner models-distance and energy. In
                 particular, we are interested in asymmetric power
                 assignments so that the induced communication graph
                 holds good distance and energy stretch factors
                 simultaneously. In addition, we consider the following
                 optimization objectives: low total energy consumption,
                 low interference level, low hopdiameter, and high
                 network lifetime. Two node deployment scenarios are
                 studied: random and deterministic. For n random nodes
                 distributed uniformly and independently in a unit
                 square, we present several power assignments with
                 varying construction-time complexities. The results are
                 based on various geometric properties of random points
                 and shortest path tree constructions. Due to the
                 probabilistic nature of this scenario, the probability
                 of our results converges to one as the number of
                 network nodes, n, increases. For the deterministic
                 case, we present two power assignments with nontrivial
                 bounds. These are established in addition to shortcut
                 edges that satisfy desired threshold stretch. To the
                 best of our knowledge, these are the first results for
                 spanner construction in wireless ad-hoc networks with
                 provable bounds for both energy and distance metrics
                 simultaneously. Our power assignments, in addition, try
                 optimizing additional network properties, such as
                 network lifetime, interference, and hop diameter.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "37",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Sundaram:2013:DTW,
  author =       "Vinaitheerthan Sundaram and Patrick Eugster and
                 Xiangyu Zhang and Vamsidhar Addanki",
  title =        "Diagnostic tracing for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38:1--38:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489255",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks are typically deployed in
                 harsh environments, thus post-deployment failures are
                 not infrequent. An execution trace containing events in
                 their order of execution could play a crucial role in
                 postmortem diagnosis of these failures. Obtaining such
                 a trace however is challenging due to stringent
                 resource constraints. We propose an efficient approach
                 to intraprocedural and interprocedural control-flow
                 tracing that generates traces of all interleaving
                 concurrent events and of the control-flow paths taken
                 inside those events. We demonstrate the effectiveness
                 of our approach with the help of case studies and
                 illustrate its low overhead through measurements and
                 simulations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "38",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kwon:2013:PES,
  author =       "Youngmin Kwon and Gul Agha",
  title =        "Performance evaluation of sensor networks by
                 statistical modeling and {Euclidean} model checking",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "39:1--39:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489256",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Modeling and evaluating the performance of large-scale
                 wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a challenging
                 problem. The traditional method for representing the
                 global state of a system as a cross product of the
                 states of individual nodes in the system results in a
                 state space whose size is exponential in the number of
                 nodes. We propose an alternative way of representing
                 the global state of a system: namely, as a probability
                 mass function (pmf) which represents the fraction of
                 nodes in different states. A pmf corresponds to a point
                 in a Euclidean space of possible pmf values, and the
                 evolution of the state of a system is represented by
                 trajectories in this Euclidean space. We propose a
                 novel performance evaluation method that examines all
                 pmf trajectories in a dense Euclidean space by
                 exploring only finite relevant portions of the space.
                 We call our method Euclidean model checking. Euclidean
                 model checking is useful both in the design phase-where
                 it can help determine system parameters based on a
                 specification-and in the evaluation phase-where it can
                 help verify performance properties of a system. We
                 illustrate the utility of Euclidean model checking by
                 using it to design a time difference of arrival (TDoA)
                 distance measurement protocol and to evaluate the
                 protocol's implementation on a 90-node WSN. To
                 facilitate such performance evaluations, we provide a
                 Markov model estimation method based on applying a
                 standard statistical estimation technique to samples
                 resulting from the execution of a system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "39",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Sheu:2013:ACC,
  author =       "Jang-Ping Sheu and Guey-Yun Chang and Shan-Hung Wu and
                 Yen-Ting Chen",
  title =        "Adaptive $k$-coverage contour evaluation and
                 deployment in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40:1--40:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489257",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The problem of coverage is a fundamental issue in
                 wireless sensor networks. In this article, we consider
                 two subproblems: k -coverage contour evaluation and k
                 -coverage rate deployment. The former aims to evaluate,
                 up to k, the coverage level of any location inside a
                 monitored area, while the latter aims to determine the
                 locations of a given set of sensors to guarantee the
                 maximum increment of k -coverage rate when they are
                 deployed into the area. For the k -coverage contour
                 evaluation problem, a nonuniform-grid-based approach is
                 proposed. We prove that the computation cost of our
                 approach is at most the square root of existing
                 solutions. Based on our k -coverage contour evaluation
                 scheme, a greedy k -coverage rate deployment scheme ( k
                 -CRD) is proposed, which is shown to be an order faster
                 than existing studies for k -coverage rate deployment.
                 The k -CRD can incorporate two different heuristics to
                 further reduce its running time. Simulation results
                 show that k -CRD with these heuristics can be
                 significantly more time efficient without causing much
                 degradation in the coverage rate of final deployment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "40",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Alippi:2013:HFS,
  author =       "Cesare Alippi and Romolo Camplani and Cristian
                 Galperti and Antonio Marullo and Manuel Roveri",
  title =        "A high-frequency sampling monitoring system for
                 environmental and structural applications",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41:1--41:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489258",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "High-frequency sampling is not only a prerogative of
                 high-energy physics or machinery diagnostic monitoring:
                 critical environmental and structural health monitoring
                 applications also have such a challenging constraint.
                 Moreover, such unique design constraints are often
                 coupled with the requirement of high synchronism among
                 the distributed acquisition units, minimal energy
                 consumption, and large communication bandwidth. Such
                 severe constraints have led scholars to suggest wired
                 centralized monitoring solutions, which have only
                 recently been complemented with wireless technologies.
                 This article suggests a hybrid wireless-wired
                 monitoring system combining the advantages of wireless
                 and wired technologies within a distributed
                 high-frequency-sampling framework. The suggested
                 architecture satisfies the mentioned constraints,
                 thanks to an ad-hoc design of the hardware, the
                 availability of efficient energy management policies,
                 and up-to-date harvesting mechanisms. At the same time,
                 the architecture supports adaptation capabilities by
                 relying on the remote reprogrammability of key
                 application parameters. The proposed architecture has
                 been successfully deployed in the Swiss-Italian Alps to
                 monitor the collapse of rock faces in three
                 geographical areas.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "41",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2013:DDD,
  author =       "Xiaodong Wang and Xiaorui Wang and Liu Liu and
                 Guoliang Xing",
  title =        "{DutyCon}: a dynamic duty-cycle control approach to
                 end-to-end delay guarantees in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "42:1--42:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489259",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "It is well known that periodically putting nodes into
                 sleep can effectively save energy in wireless sensor
                 networks at the cost of increased communication delays.
                 However, most existing work mainly focuses on the
                 static sleep scheduling, which cannot guarantee the
                 desired delay when the network conditions change
                 dynamically. In many applications with user-specified
                 end-to-end delay requirements, the duty cycle of every
                 node should be tuned individually at runtime based on
                 the network conditions to achieve the desired
                 end-to-end delay guarantees and energy efficiency. In
                 this article, we propose DutyCon, a control
                 theory-based dynamic duty-cycle control approach.
                 DutyCon decomposes the end-to-end delay guarantee
                 problem into a set of single-hop delay guarantee
                 problems along each data flow in the network. We then
                 formulate the single-hop delay guarantee problem as a
                 dynamic feedback control problem and design the
                 controller rigorously, based on feedback control
                 theory, for analytic assurance of control accuracy and
                 system stability. DutyCon also features a queuing delay
                 adaptation scheme that adapts the duty cycle of each
                 node to unpredictable incoming packet rates, as well as
                 a novel energy-balancing approach that extends the
                 network lifetime by dynamically adjusting the delay
                 requirement allocated to each hop. Our empirical
                 results on a hardware testbed demonstrate that DutyCon
                 can effectively achieve the desired trade-off between
                 end-to-end delay and energy conservation. Extensive
                 simulation results also show that DutyCon outperforms
                 two baseline sleep scheduling protocols by having more
                 energy savings while meeting the end-to-end delay
                 requirements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "42",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Voulkidis:2013:EEW,
  author =       "Artemis C. Voulkidis and Markos P. Anastasopoulos and
                 Panayotis G. Cottis",
  title =        "Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks: a
                 game-theoretic approach based on coalition formation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43:1--43:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489260",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A coalitional game theoretic scheme is proposed that
                 aims at maximizing wireless sensor network lifetime
                 under specified QoS. Employing a small number of nodes
                 of increased computing power and lifetime called
                 representatives, an adaptive clustering scheme is
                 proposed where neighboring nodes form coalitions in
                 order to increase energy efficiency at the cost of
                 controllable data-accuracy reduction. The coalition
                 formation is globally optimized by the representatives.
                 The spatial correlation of the sensed phenomenon
                 measurements is exploited to formulate a cooperation
                 scheme that reduces drastically the number of node
                 transmissions. The specifications regarding the
                 accuracy of the collected data determine the extent of
                 coalition formation. The efficiency and stability of
                 the proposed coalitional scheme are studied through
                 simulations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "43",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Abrardo:2013:GTD,
  author =       "Andrea Abrardo and Lapo Balucanti and Alessandro
                 Mecocci",
  title =        "A game theory distributed approach for energy
                 optimization in {WSNs}",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "44:1--44:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489261",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the major sources of energy waste in wireless
                 sensor networks (WSNs) is idle listening, that is, the
                 cost of actively listening for potential packets. This
                 article focuses on reducing idle-listening time via a
                 dynamic duty-cycling technique which aims at optimizing
                 the sleep interval between consecutive wake-ups. We
                 considered a receiver-initiated MAC method for WSNs in
                 which the sender waits for a beacon signal from the
                 receiver before starting to transmit. Since each sender
                 receives beacon signals from several nodes, the data
                 are routed on multiple paths in a data collection
                 network. In this context, we propose an optimization
                 framework for minimizing the energy waste of the most
                 power-hungry node of the network. To this aim, we first
                 derive an analytic model that predicts nodes' energy
                 consumption. Then, we use the model to derive a
                 distributed optimization technique. Simulation results
                 via NS-2 simulator are included to illustrate the
                 accuracy of the model, and numerical results assess the
                 validity of the proposed scheme.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "44",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Munishwar:2013:CAV,
  author =       "Vikram P. Munishwar and Nael B. Abu-Ghazaleh",
  title =        "Coverage algorithms for visual sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45:1--45:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489262",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Visual sensor networks (VSNs) are becoming
                 increasingly popular in a number of application
                 domains. A distinguishing characteristic of VSNs is to
                 self-configure to minimize the need for operator
                 control and to improve scalability. One of the areas of
                 self-configuration is camera coverage control that is,
                 how should cameras adjust their field-of-views to cover
                 maximum targets? This is an NP-hard problem. We show
                 that the existing heuristics have a number of
                 weaknesses that influence both coverage and overhead.
                 Therefore, we first propose a computationally efficient
                 centralized heuristic that provides near-optimal
                 coverage for small-scale networks. However, it requires
                 significant communication and computation overhead,
                 making it unsuitable for large-scale networks. Thus, we
                 develop a distributed algorithm that outperforms the
                 existing distributed algorithm with lower communication
                 overhead, at the cost of coverage accuracy. We show
                 that the proposed heuristics guarantee to cover at
                 least half of the targets covered by the optimal
                 solution. Finally, to gain benefits of both centralized
                 and distributed algorithms, we propose a hierarchical
                 algorithm where cameras are decomposed into
                 neighborhoods that coordinate their coverage using an
                 elected local coordinator. We observe that the
                 hierarchical algorithm provides scalable near-optimal
                 coverage with networking cost significantly less than
                 that of centralized and distributed solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "45",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yen:2013:DLM,
  author =       "Li-Hsing Yen and Che-Ming Lin and Victor C. M. Leung",
  title =        "Distributed lifetime-maximized target coverage game",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "46:1--46:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489263",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor nodes are usually densely deployed to
                 completely cover (monitor) a set of targets.
                 Consequently, redundant sensor nodes that are not
                 currently needed in the covering task can be powered
                 off to conserve energy. These sensors can take over the
                 covering task later to prolong network lifetime. The
                 coverage problem, concerns picking up a set of working
                 sensors that collectively meet the coverage
                 requirements. The problem is complicated by the
                 possibility that targets may have different coverage
                 requirements while sensor nodes may have different
                 amounts of energy. This article proposes a
                 game-theoretic approach to the coverage problem, where
                 each sensor autonomously decides its state with a
                 simple rule based on local information. We give
                 rigorous proofs to show stability, correctness, and
                 efficiency of the proposed game. Implementation
                 variants of the game consider specific issues, such as
                 game convergence time and different amounts of sensor
                 energy. Simulation results show significant improvement
                 in network lifetime by the proposed approach when
                 compared with representative alternatives.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "46",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ji:2013:CBS,
  author =       "Shouling Ji and Jing (Selena) He and A. Selcuk Uluagac
                 and Raheem Beyah and Yingshu Li",
  title =        "{Cell}-based snapshot and continuous data collection
                 in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "47:1--47:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489264",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Data collection is a common operation of wireless
                 sensor networks (WSNs). The performance of data
                 collection can be measured by its achievable network
                 capacity. However, most existing works focus on the
                 network capacity of unicast, multicast or/and
                 broadcast. In this article, we study the
                 snapshot/continuous data collection (SDC/CDC) problem
                 under the physical interference model for randomly
                 deployed dense WSNs. For SDC, we propose a Cell-Based
                 Path Scheduling (CBPS) algorithm based on network
                 partitioning. Theoretical analysis shows that its
                 achievable network capacity is order-optimal. For CDC,
                 a novel Segment-Based Pipeline Scheduling (SBPS)
                 algorithm is proposed which combines the pipeline
                 technique and the compressive data gathering technique.
                 Theoretical analysis shows that SBPS significantly
                 speeds up the CDC process and achieves a high network
                 capacity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "47",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Bisdikian:2013:QVI,
  author =       "Chatschik Bisdikian and Lance M. Kaplan and Mani B.
                 Srivastava",
  title =        "On the quality and value of information in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "48:1--48:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489265",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The increasing use of sensor-derived information from
                 planned, ad-hoc, and/or opportunistically deployed
                 sensor networks provides enhanced visibility to
                 everyday activities and processes, enabling fast-paced
                 data-to-decision in personal, social, civilian,
                 military, and business contexts. The value that
                 information brings to this visibility and ensuing
                 decisions depends on the quality characteristics of the
                 information gathered. In this article, we highlight,
                 refine, and extend upon our past work in the areas of
                 quality and value of information (QoI and VoI) for
                 sensor networks. Specifically, we present and elaborate
                 on our two-layer QoI/VoI definition, where the former
                 relates to context-independent aspects and the latter
                 to context-dependent aspects of an information product.
                 Then, we refine our taxonomy of pertinent QoI and VoI
                 attributes anchored around a simple ontological
                 relationship between the two. Finally, we introduce a
                 framework for scoring and ranking information products
                 based on their VoI attributes using the analytic
                 hierarchy multicriteria decision process, illustrated
                 via a simple example.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "48",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Fu:2013:TBE,
  author =       "Huai-Lei Fu and Phone Lin and Yuguang Fang and Ting-Yu
                 Wang",
  title =        "Trade-off between energy efficiency and report
                 validity for mobile sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49:1--49:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489266",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Mobile sensor networks (MSNs) have been widely
                 deployed to provide a ubiquitous solution to real-time
                 monitoring applications such as traffic data collection
                 in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), ocean data
                 collection in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), and
                 biodata collection in wireless body area networks
                 (WBANs). One major issue for designing MSNs is the
                 energy-validity trade-off, that is, the trade-off
                 between the energy efficiency for mobile sensors (MSs)
                 and the validity of sensing reports. In this article,
                 we propose a novel mechanism, Energy-Efficient
                 Distributedly Controlled Reporting (E$^2$ DCR), to
                 mitigate the energy consumption for MSs in real-time
                 monitoring applications while keeping the sensing
                 report valid. In this mechanism, we design dynamic
                 sleeping adjustment (DSA) algorithms to adjust an MS's
                 sleeping period using a heuristic method to reduce
                 energy consumption. We provide analytical models to
                 evaluate the performance of E$^2$ DCR in terms of the
                 power savings and report validity. It has been shown
                 that with E$^2$ DCR, MSs can report with less energy
                 consumption while satisfying delay constraints for
                 real-time monitoring applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "49",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Pongaliur:2013:SNS,
  author =       "Kanthakumar Pongaliur and Li Xiao",
  title =        "Sensor node source privacy and packet recovery under
                 eavesdropping and node compromise attacks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "50:1--50:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489267",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Securing a sensor network poses a variety of problems.
                 Of those, an important one is of providing privacy to
                 the event-detecting sensor node and integrity to the
                 data gathered by the node. Compromised source privacy
                 can inadvertently leak event location. Safeguarding the
                 privacy of the source node is important, as sensor
                 networks hold critical roles in military application,
                 tracking endangered species, etc. Existing techniques
                 in sensor networks use either random walk path or
                 generate fake event packets to make it hard for an
                 adversary to trace back to the source, since encryption
                 alone may not help prevent a traffic analysis attack.
                 In this work, without using traditional
                 overhead-intensive methods, we present a scheme for
                 hiding source information using cryptographic
                 techniques incurring lower overhead. The packet is
                 modified en route by dynamically selected nodes to make
                 it difficult for a malicious entity to trace back the
                 packet to a source node and also to prevent packet
                 spoofing. This is important because the adversary model
                 considers a super-local eavesdropper having the ability
                 to compromise sensor nodes. Additionally, we provide a
                 method for the base station to recover corrupted
                 packets and identify the location of the compromised
                 node. We analyze the ability of our proposed scheme to
                 withstand different attacks and demonstrate its
                 efficiency in terms of overhead and functionality when
                 compared to existing work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "50",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Eslami:2013:RFW,
  author =       "Ali Eslami and Mohammad Nekoui and Hossein Pishro-Nik
                 and Faramarz Fekri",
  title =        "Results on finite wireless sensor networks:
                 Connectivity and coverage",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "51:1--51:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489268",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Many analytic results for the connectivity, coverage,
                 and capacity of wireless networks have been reported
                 for the case where the number of nodes, n, tends to
                 infinity (large-scale networks). The majority of these
                 results have not been extended for small or moderate
                 values of n; whereas in many practical networks, n is
                 not very large. In this article, we consider finite
                 (small-scale) wireless sensor networks. We first show
                 that previous asymptotic results provide poor
                 approximations for such networks. We provide a set of
                 differences between small-scale and large-scale
                 analysis and propose a methodology for analysis of
                 finite sensor networks. Furthermore, we consider two
                 models for such networks: unreliable sensor grids and
                 sensor networks with random node deployment. We provide
                 easily computable expressions for bounds on the
                 coverage and connectivity of these networks. With
                 validation from simulations, we show that the derived
                 analytic expressions give very good estimates of such
                 quantities for finite sensor networks. Our
                 investigation confirms the fact that small-scale
                 networks possess unique characteristics different from
                 their large-scale counterparts, necessitating the
                 development of a new framework for their analysis and
                 design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "51",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Huang:2013:CEA,
  author =       "Xiaolong Huang and Izhak Rubin",
  title =        "Capacity- and energy-aware activation of sensor nodes
                 for area phenomenon reproduction using wireless network
                 transport",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "52:1--52:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489269",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider a sensor network involving sensors placed
                 in specific locations. An area phenomenon is detected
                 and tracked by activated sensors. The area phenomenon
                 is modeled to consist of K spatially distributed point
                 phenomena. The activated sensors collect data samples
                 characterizing the parameters of the involved point
                 phenomena. They compress observed data readings and
                 transport them to a processing center. The center
                 processes the received data to derive estimates of the
                 point phenomena's parameters. Our sensing stochastic
                 process models account for distance-dependent
                 observation noise perturbations as well as noise
                 correlations. At the processing center, sample mean
                 calculations are used to derive the estimates of the
                 underlying area phenomenon's parameters. We develop
                 computationally efficient algorithms to determine the
                 specific set of sensors for activation under capacity
                 and energy resource constraints so that a sufficiently
                 low reproduction distortion level is attained. We
                 derive lower bounds on the realizable levels of the
                 distortion measure. Using illustrative cases, we
                 demonstrate one of our algorithms to yield distortion
                 levels that are very close to the lower bound, while
                 other lower-complexity schemes often yield distortion
                 levels relatively close to the lower bound.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "52",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Forte:2013:TAS,
  author =       "Domenic Forte and Ankur Srivastava",
  title =        "Thermal-aware sensor scheduling for distributed
                 estimation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "53:1--53:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489270",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A sensor network is a distributed system where sensor
                 nodes autonomously collect local data and collaborate
                 to solve global problems. Recent work has shown that
                 sensor functionality varies with node temperature.
                 Extreme temperatures can decrease node/network lifetime
                 by leading to premature hardware failure and reducing
                 battery capacity. Furthermore, high temperatures can
                 increase sensor measurement noise and disrupt
                 communication between overheated sensor nodes, thereby
                 interfering with their ability to contribute valuable
                 information to collaborative tasks. In the past, sensor
                 networks only consisted of low-end devices with limited
                 power, computational capabilities, and available
                 bandwidth. Such devices would only experience high
                 temperatures in harsh environments. However, sensor
                 networks are now envisioned for applications that
                 require higher-end devices, such as smart cameras,
                 smart phones, and laptops. The power dissipated by such
                 devices is much larger than low-end sensors and can
                 create thermal emergencies in sensor hardware even in
                 calm environments. In this article, we present unique
                 management opportunities for distributed estimation
                 tasks in sensor networks consisting of high-end devices
                 prone to thermal issues. We attempt to balance both
                 thermal- and performance-related constraints by
                 examining trade-offs between sensor sampling rate,
                 number of sensors, node temperature, and state
                 estimation error. Initially, we devise a scheduling
                 algorithm which can achieve a desired real-time
                 performance constraint while maintaining a thermal
                 limit on temperature assuming identical nodes in the
                 network. Then, we extend the concept to a network
                 consisting of heterogeneous sensor nodes. Analytical
                 results and simulation experiments are done for state
                 estimation with a Kalman filter for simplicity, but our
                 main contributions should easily extend to any form of
                 estimation with measurable error. Results show that our
                 policies can successfully balance the trade-offs
                 between thermal- and performance-related constraints.
                 Note that our analyses, schemes, and results are less
                 applicable to low-end sensors whose operation does not
                 cause high node temperature. This work is most suited
                 for high-performance sensors and upper-tier sensors
                 which experience greater workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "53",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Porter:2013:MSE,
  author =       "Barry Porter and Geoff Coulson and Utz Roedig",
  title =        "Managing software evolution in large-scale wireless
                 sensor and actuator networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "54:1--54:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489271",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) will
                 increasingly require support for managed software
                 evolution: that is, systematic, ongoing, efficient and
                 nondisruptive means of updating the software running on
                 the nodes of a WSAN. While aspects of this requirement
                 have been examined in the literature, the big picture
                 remains largely untouched, resulting in the generally
                 static WSAN deployments we see today. In this article,
                 we propose a comprehensive approach to managed software
                 evolution. Our approach has the following key features:
                 (i) it supports divergent evolution of the WSAN's
                 software, such that different nodes can evolve along
                 different lines (e.g., to meet the needs of different
                 stakeholders, or to address localized adaptations) and
                 (ii) it supports both instructed and autonomous
                 evolution such that nodes can be instructed to change
                 their software configuration or can evolve their own
                 configuration (e.g., to manage rapidly-changing
                 environmental conditions where remote micromanagement
                 would be infeasible due to the high latency of the WSAN
                 environment). We present the four intra-WSAN protocols
                 that comprise our solution, along with an accompanying
                 server-side infrastructure, and evaluate our approach
                 at scale.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "54",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Qin:2013:MUA,
  author =       "Fei Qin and John E. Mitchell",
  title =        "{AS-MAC}: Utilizing the adaptive spreading code length
                 for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529921",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In many modern advanced Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
                 applications, the system is expected to deliver
                 intensive traffic loads in harsh RF environment. In
                 this article, an MAC protocol has been proposed which
                 will utilize the adaptive spreading code length
                 technique to increase network performance for these
                 applications. In this architecture, the system can
                 automatically determine the time varying channel
                 quality and set the optimum spreading code length to
                 maximize the throughput while minimizing the energy
                 usage. Due to this adaptive feature, the system is able
                 to deliver reliable wireless service even in the harsh
                 RF environment. The design of such a protocol is also
                 backwards compatible to enable its employment in both
                 traditional and advanced WSN scenarios. Finally, the
                 proposed protocol has been implemented in a COTS WSN
                 platform to obtain the experimental result, which
                 demonstrates the ability of being implemented on
                 typical resource constraints WSN devices. The
                 experimental results have shown the efficiency
                 advantages of the proposed MAC protocol delivering
                 139\% higher throughput as well as having better energy
                 performance than the standard IEEE 802.15.4 system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Chen:2013:EET,
  author =       "Jiming Chen and Junkun Li and Shibo He and Tian He and
                 Yu Gu and Youxian Sun",
  title =        "On energy-efficient trap coverage in wireless sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529973",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), trap coverage has
                 recently been proposed to trade off between the
                 availability of sensor nodes and sensing performance.
                 It offers an efficient framework to tackle the
                 challenge of limited resources in large-scale sensor
                 networks. Currently, existing works only studied the
                 theoretical foundation of how to decide the deployment
                 density of sensors to ensure the desired degree of trap
                 coverage. However, practical issues, such as how to
                 efficiently schedule sensor node to guarantee trap
                 coverage under an arbitrary deployment, are still left
                 untouched. In this article, we formally formulate the
                 Minimum Weight Trap Cover Problem and prove it is an
                 NP-hard problem. To solve the problem, we introduce a
                 bounded approximation algorithm, called Trap Cover
                 Optimization (TCO) to schedule the activation of
                 sensors while satisfying specified trap coverage
                 requirement. We design Localized Trap Coverage Protocol
                 as the localized implementation of TCO. The performance
                 of Minimum Weight Trap Coverage we find is proved to be
                 at most $ O(\rho) $ times of the optimal solution,
                 where $ \rho $ is the density of sensor nodes in the
                 region. To evaluate our design, we perform extensive
                 simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of our
                 proposed algorithm and show that our algorithm achieves
                 at least 14\% better energy efficiency than the
                 state-of-the-art solution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2013:AFV,
  author =       "Yi Wang and Guohong Cao",
  title =        "Achieving full-view coverage in camera sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529974",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Camera sensors are different from traditional scalar
                 sensors, as cameras at different positions can form
                 very different views of the object. However,
                 traditional coverage model does not consider this
                 intrinsic property of camera sensors. To address this
                 issue, a novel model called full-view coverage is
                 proposed. It uses the angle between the object's facing
                 direction and the camera's viewing direction to measure
                 the quality of coverage. An object is full-view covered
                 if there is always a camera to cover it no matter which
                 direction it faces and the camera's viewing direction
                 is sufficiently close to the object's facing direction.
                 An efficient method is proposed for full-view coverage
                 detection in any given camera sensor networks, and a
                 sufficient condition on the sensor density needed for
                 full-view coverage in a random uniform deployment is
                 derived. In addition, the article shows a necessary and
                 sufficient condition on the sensor density for
                 full-view coverage in a triangular lattice-based
                 deployment. Based on the full-view coverage model, the
                 article further studies the barrier coverage problem.
                 Existing weak and strong barrier coverage models are
                 extended by considering direction issues in camera
                 sensor networks. With these new models, weak/strong
                 barrier coverage verification problems are introduced,
                 and new detection methods are proposed and evaluated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Odonovan:2013:GSW,
  author =       "Tony O'donovan and James Brown and Felix B{\"u}sching
                 and Alberto Cardoso and Jos{\'e} Cec{\'\i}lio and Jose
                 {Do {\'O}} and Pedro Furtado and Paulo Gil and Anja
                 Jugel and Wolf-Bastian P{\"o}ttner and Utz Roedig and
                 Jorge S{\'a} Silva and Ricardo Silva and Cormac J.
                 Sreenan and Vasos Vassiliou and Thiemo Voigt and Lars
                 Wolf and Zinon Zinonos",
  title =        "The {GINSENG} system for wireless monitoring and
                 control: Design and deployment experiences",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529975",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Today's industrial facilities, such as oil refineries,
                 chemical plants, and factories, rely on wired sensor
                 systems to monitor and control the production
                 processes. The deployment and maintenance of such
                 cabled systems is expensive and inflexible. It is,
                 therefore, desirable to replace or augment these
                 systems using wireless technology, which requires us to
                 overcome significant technical challenges. Process
                 automation and control applications are
                 mission-critical and require timely and reliable data
                 delivery, which is difficult to provide in industrial
                 environments with harsh radio environments. In this
                 article, we present the GINSENG system which implements
                 performance control to allow us to use wireless sensor
                 networks for mission-critical applications in
                 industrial environments. GINSENG is a complete system
                 solution that comprises on-node system software,
                 network protocols, and back-end systems with
                 sophisticated data processing capability. GINSENG
                 assumes that a deployment can be carefully planned. A
                 TDMA-based MAC protocol, tailored to the deployment
                 environment, is employed to provide reliable and timely
                 data delivery. Performance debugging components are
                 used to unintrusively monitor the system performance
                 and identify problems as they occur. The article
                 reports on a real-world deployment of GINSENG in an
                 especially challenging environment of an operational
                 oil refinery in Sines, Portugal. We provide
                 experimental results from this deployment and share the
                 experiences gained. These results demonstate the use of
                 GINSENG for sensing and actuation and allow an
                 assessment of its ability to operate within the
                 required performance bounds. We also identify
                 shortcomings that manifested during the evaluation
                 phase, thus giving a useful perspective on the
                 challenges that have to be overcome in these harsh
                 application settings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Razzaque:2013:CWS,
  author =       "M. A. Razzaque and Chris Bleakley and Simon Dobson",
  title =        "Compression in wireless sensor networks: a survey and
                 comparative evaluation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2528948",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/datacompression.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are highly resource
                 constrained in terms of power supply, memory capacity,
                 communication bandwidth, and processor performance.
                 Compression of sampling, sensor data, and
                 communications can significantly improve the efficiency
                 of utilization of three of these resources, namely,
                 power supply, memory and bandwidth. Recently, there
                 have been a large number of proposals describing
                 compression algorithms for WSNs. These proposals are
                 diverse and involve different compression approaches.
                 It is high time that these individual efforts are put
                 into perspective and a more holistic view taken. In
                 this article, we take a step in that direction by
                 presenting a survey of the literature in the area of
                 compression and compression frameworks in WSNs. A
                 comparative study of the various approaches is also
                 provided. In addition, open research issues, challenges
                 and future research directions are highlighted.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tan:2013:CBA,
  author =       "Guang Tan and Hongbo Jiang and Shengkai Zhang and
                 Zhimeng Yin and Anne-Marie Kermarrec",
  title =        "Connectivity-based and anchor-free localization in
                 large-scale {$2$D\slash $3$D} sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529976",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A connectivity-based and anchor-free three-dimensional
                 localization (CATL) scheme is presented for large-scale
                 sensor networks with concave regions. It distinguishes
                 itself from previous work with a combination of three
                 features: (1) it works for networks in both 2D and 3D
                 spaces, possibly containing holes or concave regions;
                 (2) it is anchor-free and uses only connectivity
                 information to faithfully recover the original network
                 topology, up to scaling and rotation; (3) it does not
                 depend on the knowledge of network boundaries, which
                 suits it well to situations where boundaries are
                 difficult to identify. The key idea of CATL is to
                 discover the notch nodes, where shortest paths bend and
                 hop-count-based distance starts to significantly
                 deviate from the true Euclidean distance. An iterative
                 protocol is developed that uses a notch-avoiding
                 multilateration mechanism to localize the network.
                 Simulations show that CATL achieves accurate
                 localization results with a moderate per-node message
                 cost.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yuan:2013:STA,
  author =       "Yi Yuan and Dawei Pan and Dan Wang and Xiaohua Xu and
                 Yu Peng and Xiyuan Peng and Peng-Jun Wan",
  title =        "A study towards applying thermal inertia for energy
                 conservation in rooms",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529050",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We are in an age where people are paying increasing
                 attention to energy conservation around the world. The
                 heating and air-conditioning systems of buildings
                 introduce one of the largest chunks of energy expenses.
                 In this article, we make a key observation that after a
                 meeting or a class ends in a room, the indoor
                 temperature will not immediately increase to the
                 outdoor temperature. We call this phenomenon thermal
                 inertia. Thus, if we arrange subsequent meetings in the
                 same room rather than in a room that has not been used
                 for some time, we can take advantage of such
                 undissipated cool or heated air and conserve energy.
                 Though many existing energy conservation solutions for
                 buildings can intelligently turn off facilities when
                 people are absent, we believe that understanding
                 thermal inertia can lead system designs to go beyond
                 on-and-off-based solutions to a wider realm. We propose
                 a framework for exploring thermal inertia in room
                 management. Our framework contains two components. (1)
                 The energy-temperature correlation model captures the
                 relation between indoor temperature change and energy
                 consumption. (2) The energy-aware scheduling
                 algorithms: given information for the relation between
                 energy and temperature change, energy-aware scheduling
                 algorithms arrange meetings not only based on common
                 restrictions, such as meeting time and room capacity
                 requirement, but also energy consumptions. We identify
                 the interface between these components so further works
                 towards same on direction can make efforts on
                 individual components. We develop a system to verify
                 our framework. First, it has a wireless sensor network
                 to collect indoor, outdoor temperature and electricity
                 expenses of the heating or air-conditioning devices.
                 Second, we build an energy-temperature correlation
                 model for the energy expenses and the corresponding
                 room temperature. Third, we develop room scheduling
                 algorithms. In detail, we first extend the current
                 sensor hardware so that it can record the electricity
                 expenses in re-heating or re-cooling a room. As the
                 sensor network needs to work unattendedly, we develop a
                 hardware board for long-range communications so that
                 the Imote2 can send data to a remote server without a
                 computer relay close by. An efficient two-tiered sensor
                 network is developed with our extended Imote2 and
                 TelosB sensors. We apply laws of thermodynamics and
                 build a correlation model of the energy needed to
                 re-cool a room to a target temperature. Such model
                 requires parameter calibration and uses the data
                 collected from the sensor network for model refinement.
                 Armed with the energy-temperature correlation model, we
                 develop an optimal algorithm for a specified case, and
                 we further develop two fast heuristics for different
                 practical scenarios. Our demo system is validated with
                 real deployment of a sensor network for data collection
                 and thermodynamics model calibration. We conduct a
                 comprehensive evaluation with synthetic room and
                 meeting configurations, as well as real class schedules
                 and classroom topologies of The Hong Kong Polytechnic
                 University, academic calendar year of Spring 2011. We
                 observe 20\% energy savings as compared with the
                 current schedules.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ammari:2013:JCD,
  author =       "Habib M. Ammari",
  title =        "Joint $k$-coverage and data gathering in sparsely
                 deployed sensor networks --- Impact of purposeful
                 mobility and heterogeneity",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529978",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Coverage is one of the fundamental concepts in the
                 design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the sense
                 that the monitoring quality of a phenomenon depends on
                 the quality of service provided by the sensors in terms
                 of how well a field of interest is covered. It enables
                 the sensors to detect any event that may occur in the
                 field, thus, meeting the application-specific
                 requirements. Several applications require k ---
                 coverage, where each point in the field is covered by
                 at least k sensors, which helps increase data
                 availability to ensure better data reliability.
                 Achieving k -coverage of a field of interest becomes a
                 more challenging issue in sparsely deployed WSNs.
                 Though the problem of coverage in WSNs has been well
                 studied in the literature, only little research efforts
                 have been devoted to the case of sparsely deployed
                 WSNs. Thus, in this article, we investigate the problem
                 of k -coverage in sparse WSNs using static and mobile
                 sensors, which do not necessarily have the same
                 communication range, sensing range, and energy supply.
                 Precisely, we propose an optimized, generalized
                 framework for k -coverage in sparsely deployed WSNs,
                 called k -SCHEMES, which exploits sensor heterogeneity
                 and mobility. First, we characterize k -coverage using
                 heterogeneous sensors based on Helly 's Theorem.
                 Second, we introduce our energy-efficient four-tier
                 architecture to achieve mobile k -coverage of a region
                 of interest in a field. Third, on top of this
                 architecture, we suggest two data-gathering protocols,
                 called direct data-gathering and forwarding chain-based
                 data-gathering, using the concept of mobile proxy sink.
                 We found that the second data-gathering protocol
                 outperforms the first one. For energy-efficient
                 forwarding, we compute the minimum transmission
                 distance between any pair of consecutive mobile proxy
                 sinks forming the forwarding chain as well as the
                 corresponding optimum number of mobile proxy sinks in
                 this chain. We corroborate our analysis with several
                 simulation results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ko:2013:GSC,
  author =       "Ren-Song Ko and Po-Liang Lin and Pei-Yu Chiang",
  title =        "{Gauss--Seidel} correction algorithm: a macroscopic
                 model-derived routing algorithm for {WSNs}",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529190",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A Gauss--Seidel correction (GSC) routing algorithm for
                 wireless sensor networks is presented in which packets
                 are transmitted with additional information which can
                 be exchanged among nodes to correct the current routing
                 paths and achieve load balancing. The problem
                 considered here is single-class routing to one/multiple
                 sinks with lifetime maximization as the objective. The
                 formulation to correct the routing paths is not
                 heuristic and takes its theoretical basis from a
                 macroscopic model, that is, based on a set of partial
                 differential equations iteratively solved by the
                 Gauss--Seidel method. We then theoretically investigate
                 the convergence of GSC. Furthermore, an initial value
                 estimation algorithm is presented to alleviate the
                 long-path problem during the delivery of the first
                 several packets, thus accelerating the convergence of
                 GSC. Simulation results show that GSC effectively
                 achieves load balancing, particularly for regions of
                 interest with holes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yang:2013:ASS,
  author =       "Ou Yang and Wendi Heinzelman",
  title =        "An adaptive sensor sleeping solution based on sleeping
                 multipath routing and duty-cycled {MAC} protocols",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529977",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Various applications of wireless sensor networks
                 require multihop data transmission over error-prone
                 wireless links, hence multipath routing can be used to
                 meet the application's reliability requirement. On the
                 other hand, wireless sensors are usually battery
                 powered, and thus it is very important to save energy
                 in order to prolong the network lifetime. In this
                 article, we propose (1) Sleeping Multipath Routing,
                 which can trade off reliability and network lifetime by
                 dynamically activating an optimal number of paths to
                 support the application's reliability requirement and
                 putting the rest of the sensors to sleep, and (2) an
                 adaptive sensor sleeping solution, which includes
                 Sleeping Multipath Routing, a duty-cycled MAC protocol,
                 and cross-layer coordination to further prolong the
                 network lifetime by putting sensors to sleep at both
                 the routing and the MAC layers. Our proposed Sleeping
                 Multipath Routing and adaptive sensor sleeping solution
                 can be implemented on any multipath routing protocol
                 that discovers multiple disjoint paths between two
                 nodes, and any duty-cycled MAC protocol that has fixed
                 cycle length. We show an example of implementing our
                 adaptive sensor sleeping solution using Directed
                 Diffusion and S-MAC. Simulation results show that our
                 proposed adaptive sensor sleeping solution outperforms
                 single-layer sensor sleeping with a longer network
                 lifetime with required reliability support. Moreover,
                 our proposed adaptive sensor sleeping solution can
                 significantly prolong the network lifetime when the
                 application's reliability requirement varies over time,
                 or when the number of alive nodes in the network
                 changes over time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Oller:2013:DDP,
  author =       "Joaquim Oller and Ilker Demirkol and Jordi Casademont
                 and Josep Paradells",
  title =        "Design, development, and performance evaluation of a
                 low-cost, low-power wake-up radio system for wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529452",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Energy-efficient operation is a challenge for wireless
                 sensor networks (WSNs). A common method employed for
                 this purpose is duty-cycled operation, which extends
                 battery lifetime yet incurs several types of energy
                 wastes and challenges. A promising alternative to
                 duty-cycled operation is the use of wake-up radio
                 (WuR), where the main microcontroller unit (MCU) and
                 transceiver, that is, the two most energy-consuming
                 elements, are kept in energy-saving mode until a
                 special signal from another node is received by an
                 attached, secondary, ultra-low power receiver. Next,
                 this so-called wake-up receiver generates an interrupt
                 to activate the receiver node's MCU and, consequently,
                 the main radio. This article presents a complete
                 wake-up radio design that targets simplicity in design
                 for the monetary cost and flexibility concerns, along
                 with a good operation range and very low power
                 consumption. Both the transmitter (WuTx) and the
                 receiver (WuRx) designs are presented with the
                 accompanying physical experiments for several design
                 alternatives. Detailed analysis of the end system is
                 provided in terms of both operational distance (more
                 than 10 m) and current consumption (less than 1 $ \mu
                 $A). As a reference, a commercial WuR system is
                 analyzed and compared to the presented system by
                 expressing the trade-offs and advantages of both
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Park:2013:DCO,
  author =       "Pangun Park and Sinem Coleri Ergen and Carlo Fischione
                 and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli",
  title =        "Duty-cycle optimization for {IEEE 802.15.4} wireless
                 sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529979",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Most applications of wireless sensor networks require
                 reliable and timely data communication with maximum
                 possible network lifetime under low traffic regime.
                 These requirements are very critical especially for the
                 stability of wireless sensor and actuator networks.
                 Designing a protocol that satisfies these requirements
                 in a network consisting of sensor nodes with traffic
                 pattern and location varying over time and space is a
                 challenging task. We propose an adaptive optimal
                 duty-cycle algorithm running on top of the IEEE
                 802.15.4 medium access control to minimize power
                 consumption while meeting the reliability and delay
                 requirements. Such a problem is complicated because
                 simple and accurate models of the effects of the duty
                 cycle on reliability, delay, and power consumption are
                 not available. Moreover, the scarce computational
                 resources of the devices and the lack of prior
                 information about the topology make it impossible to
                 compute the optimal parameters of the protocols. Based
                 on an experimental implementation, we propose simple
                 experimental models to expose the dependency of
                 reliability, delay, and power consumption on the duty
                 cycle at the node and validate it through extensive
                 experiments. The coefficients of the experimental-based
                 models can be easily computed on existing IEEE 802.15.4
                 hardware platforms by introducing a learning phase
                 without any explicit information about data traffic,
                 network topology, and medium access control parameters.
                 The experimental-based model is then used to derive a
                 distributed adaptive algorithm for minimizing the power
                 consumption while meeting the reliability and delay
                 requirements in the packet transmission. The algorithm
                 is easily implementable on top of the IEEE 802.15.4
                 medium access control without any modifications of the
                 protocol. An experimental implementation of the
                 distributed adaptive algorithm on a test bed with
                 off-the-shelf wireless sensor devices is presented. The
                 experimental performance of the algorithms is compared
                 to the existing solutions from the literature. The
                 experimental results show that the experimental-based
                 model is accurate and that the proposed adaptive
                 algorithm attains the optimal value of the duty cycle,
                 maximizing the lifetime of the network while meeting
                 the reliability and delay constraints under both
                 stationary and transient conditions. Specifically, even
                 if the number of devices and their traffic
                 configuration change sharply, the proposed adaptive
                 algorithm allows the network to operate close to its
                 optimal value. Furthermore, for Poisson arrivals, the
                 duty-cycle protocol is modeled as a finite capacity
                 queuing system in a star network. This simple
                 analytical model provides insights into the performance
                 metrics, including the reliability, average delay, and
                 average power consumption of the duty-cycle protocol.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kominami:2013:CSO,
  author =       "Daichi Kominami and Masashi Sugano and Masayuki Murata
                 and Takaaki Hatauchi",
  title =        "Controlled and self-organized routing for large-scale
                 wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529920",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Improving the scalability and robustness of wireless
                 sensor networks is an important task, and much research
                 on self-organization has been conducted toward this
                 end. However, desired behavior is not yet guaranteed in
                 much larger networks based on pure self-organization.
                 In this article, we propose a controlled
                 potential-based routing protocol implementing a novel
                 controlled self-organization scheme that also allows
                 for external control. The scheme obtains
                 close-to-optimal network behavior by this external
                 control which controls a part of nodes in the network.
                 We show that global traffic flow can be controlled
                 through simulation experiments with a multi-sink sensor
                 network. For example, traffic loads can be equalized
                 among heterogeneously distributed sink nodes, and load
                 balancing among the relay nodes based on remaining
                 energy can bring an approximate four times extension of
                 network lifetime. The proposed method is furthermore
                 robust to message loss and resilient to failure of the
                 sink node.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Cuevas:2013:SDS,
  author =       "{\'A}ngel Cuevas and Manuel Urue{\~n}a and Gustavo de
                 Veciana and Aditya Yadav",
  title =        "{STARR-DCS}: Spatio-temporal adaptation of random
                 replication for data-centric storage",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529980",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents a novel framework for
                 data-centric storage (DCS) in a wireless sensor and
                 actor network (WSAN) that employs a randomly selected
                 set of data replication nodes, which also change over
                 time. This enables reductions in the average network
                 traffic and energy consumption by adapting the number
                 of replicas to applications' traffic, while balancing
                 energy burdens by varying their locations. To that end,
                 we propose and validate a simple model to determine the
                 optimal number of replicas, in terms of minimizing
                 average traffic/energy consumption, based on
                 measurements of applications' production and
                 consumption traffic. Simple mechanisms are proposed to
                 decide when the current set of replication nodes should
                 be changed, to enable new applications and nodes to
                 efficiently bootstrap into a working WSAN, to recover
                 from failing nodes, and to adapt to changing
                 conditions. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our
                 approach can extend a WSAN's lifetime by at least 60\%,
                 and up to a factor of $10 \times $ depending on the
                 lifetime criterion being considered. The feasibility of
                 the proposed framework has been validated in a
                 prototype with 20 resource-constrained motes, and the
                 results obtained via simulation for large WSANs have
                 been also corroborated in that prototype.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Misra:2013:ART,
  author =       "Prasant Misra and Navinda Kottege and Branislav Kusy
                 and Diethelm Ostry and Sanjay Jha",
  title =        "Acoustical ranging techniques in embedded wireless
                 sensor networked devices",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529981",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Location sensing provides endless opportunities for a
                 wide range of applications in GPS-obstructed
                 environments, where, typically, there is a need for a
                 higher degree of accuracy. In this article, we focus on
                 robust range estimation, an important prerequisite for
                 fine-grained localization. Motivated by the promise of
                 acoustic in delivering high ranging accuracy, we
                 present the design, implementation, and evaluation of
                 acoustic (both ultrasound and audible) ranging systems.
                 We distill the limitations of acoustic ranging and
                 present efficient signal designs and detection
                 algorithms to overcome the challenges of coverage,
                 range, accuracy/resolution, tolerance to Doppler's
                 effect, and audible intensity. We evaluate our proposed
                 techniques experimentally on TWEET, a low-power
                 platform purpose-built for acoustic ranging
                 applications. Our experiments demonstrate an
                 operational range of 20m (outdoor) and an average
                 accuracy $ \approx $ 2cm in the ultrasound domain.
                 Finally, we present the design of an audible-range
                 acoustic tracking service that encompasses the benefits
                 of a near-inaudible acoustic broadband chirp and
                 approximately two times increase in Doppler tolerance
                 to achieve better performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Gnawali:2013:CER,
  author =       "Omprakash Gnawali and Rodrigo Fonseca and Kyle
                 Jamieson and Maria Kazandjieva and David Moss and
                 Philip Levis",
  title =        "{CTP}: an efficient, robust, and reliable collection
                 tree protocol for wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529988",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe CTP, a collection routing protocol for
                 wireless sensor networks. CTP uses three techniques to
                 provide efficient, robust, and reliable routing in
                 highly dynamic network conditions. CTP's link estimator
                 accurately estimates link qualities by using feedback
                 from both the data and control planes, using
                 information from multiple layers through narrow,
                 platform-independent interfaces. Second, CTP uses the
                 Trickle algorithm to time the control traffic, sending
                 few beacons in stable topologies yet quickly adapting
                 to changes. Finally, CTP actively probes the topology
                 with data traffic, quickly discovering and fixing
                 routing failures. Through experiments on 13 different
                 testbeds, encompassing seven platforms, six link
                 layers, and multiple densities and frequencies, and
                 detailed observations of a long-running sensor network
                 application that uses CTP, we study how these three
                 techniques contribute to CTP's overall performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kamthe:2013:IWL,
  author =       "Ankur Kamthe and Miguel {\'A}.
                 Carreira-Perpi{\~n}{\'a}n and Alberto E. Cerpa",
  title =        "Improving wireless link simulation using multilevel
                 {Markov} models",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529991",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:30 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Modeling the behavior of 802.15.4 links is a
                 nontrivial problem, because 802.15.4 links experience
                 different level of dynamics at short and long time
                 scales. This makes the design of a suitable model that
                 combines the different dynamics at different time
                 scales a nontrivial problem. We propose a novel
                 multilevel approach, the M{\&}M model, involving hidden
                 Markov models (HMMs) and mixtures of multivariate
                 Bernoullis (MMBs) for modeling the long and short
                 time-scale behavior of wireless links from 802.15.4
                 test beds. We characterize the synthetic traces
                 generated from our model of the wireless link in terms
                 of the mean and variance of the packet reception rates
                 from the data traces, comparison of distributions of
                 run lengths, and conditional packet delivery functions
                 of successive packet receptions (1's) and losses (0's).
                 Our results show that when compared to the closest-fit
                 pattern matching model in TOSSIM, the proposed modeling
                 approach is able to mimic the behavior of the data
                 traces quite closely, with differences in packet
                 reception rates of the empirical and simulated traces
                 of less than 1.9\% on average and 6.6\% in the worst
                 case. Moreover, the simulated links from our proposed
                 approach were able to account for long runs of 1's and
                 0's as observed in empirical data traces.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Karakaya:2014:CLV,
  author =       "Mahmut Karakaya and Hairong Qi",
  title =        "Collaborative localization in visual sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2529999",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Collaboration in visual sensor networks is essential
                 not only to compensate for the limitations of each
                 sensor node but also to tolerate inaccurate information
                 generated by faulty sensors. This article focuses on
                 the design of a collaborative target localization
                 algorithm that is resilient to sensor faults. We first
                 develop a distributed solution to fault-tolerant target
                 localization based on a so-called certainty map. To
                 tolerate potential sensor faults, a voting mechanism is
                 adopted and a threshold value needs to be specified
                 which is the key to the realization of the distributed
                 solution. Analytical study is conducted to derive the
                 lower and upper bounds for the threshold such that the
                 probability of faulty sensors negatively impacts the
                 localization performance is less than a small value.
                 Second, we focus on the detection and correction of one
                 type of sensor faults, error in camera orientation. We
                 construct a generative image model in each camera based
                 on the detected target location to estimate camera's
                 orientation, detect inaccuracies in camera orientations
                 and correct them before they cascade. Based on results
                 obtained from both simulation and real experiments, we
                 show that the proposed method is effective in
                 localization accuracy as well as fault detection and
                 correction performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wan:2014:DDA,
  author =       "Jiuqing Wan and Li Liu",
  title =        "Distributed data association in smart camera networks
                 using belief propagation",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530000",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the fundamental requirements for visual
                 surveillance with smart camera networks is the correct
                 association of camera's observations with the tracks of
                 objects under tracking. Most of the current systems
                 work in a centralized manner in that the observations
                 on all cameras need to be transmitted to a central
                 server where some data association algorithm is
                 running. Recently some works have been shown for
                 distributed data association based solely on appearance
                 observation. However, how to perform distributed
                 association inference using both appearance and
                 spatio-temporal information is still unclear. In this
                 article, we present a novel method for estimating the
                 posterior distribution of the label of each
                 observation, indicating which of the objects it comes
                 from, based on belief propagation between neighboring
                 cameras. We develop distributed forward and backward
                 inference algorithms for online and offline
                 application, respectively, and further extend the
                 algorithms to the case of unreliable detection. We also
                 incorporate the proposed inference algorithms into
                 distributed EM framework to simultaneously solve the
                 problem of data association and appearance model
                 learning in a completely distributed manner. The
                 proposed method is verified on artificial data and on
                 real world observations collected by a camera networks
                 in an office building.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Esterle:2014:SEV,
  author =       "Lukas Esterle and Peter R. Lewis and Xin Yao and
                 Bernhard Rinner",
  title =        "Socio-economic vision graph generation and handover in
                 distributed smart camera networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530001",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article we present an approach to object
                 tracking handover in a network of smart cameras, based
                 on self-interested autonomous agents, which exchange
                 responsibility for tracking objects in a market
                 mechanism, in order to maximise their own utility. A
                 novel ant-colony inspired mechanism is used to learn
                 the vision graph, that is, the camera neighbourhood
                 relations, during runtime, which may then be used to
                 optimise communication between cameras. The key
                 benefits of our completely decentralised approach are
                 on the one hand generating the vision graph online,
                 enabling efficient deployment in unknown scenarios and
                 camera network topologies, and on the other hand
                 relying only on local information, increasing the
                 robustness of the system. Since our market-based
                 approach does not rely on a priori topology
                 information, the need for any multicamera calibration
                 can be avoided. We have evaluated our approach both in
                 a simulation study and in network of real distributed
                 smart cameras.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Deligiannis:2014:PRW,
  author =       "Nikos Deligiannis and Frederik Verbist and J{\"u}rgen
                 Slowack and Rik van de Walle and Peter Schelkens and
                 Adrian Munteanu",
  title =        "Progressively refined {Wyner--Ziv} video coding for
                 visual sensors",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530279",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/datacompression.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wyner-Ziv video coding constitutes an alluring
                 paradigm for visual sensor networks, offering efficient
                 video compression with low complexity encoding
                 characteristics. This work presents a novel hash-driven
                 Wyner-Ziv video coding architecture for visual sensors,
                 implementing the principles of successively refined
                 Wyner-Ziv coding. To this end, so-called
                 side-information refinement levels are constructed for
                 a number of grouped frequency bands of the discrete
                 cosine transform. The proposed codec creates
                 side-information by means of an original overlapped
                 block motion estimation and pixel-based multihypothesis
                 prediction technique, specifically built around the
                 pursued refinement strategy. The quality of the
                 side-information generated at every refinement level is
                 successively improved, leading to gradually enhanced
                 Wyner-Ziv coding performance. Additionally, this work
                 explores several temporal prediction structures,
                 including a new hierarchical unidirectional prediction
                 structure, providing both temporal scalability and low
                 delay coding. Experimental results include a thorough
                 evaluation of our novel Wyner-Ziv codec, assessing the
                 impact of the proposed successive refinement scheme and
                 the supported temporal prediction structures for a wide
                 range of hash configurations and group of pictures
                 sizes. The results report significant compression gains
                 with respect to benchmark systems in Wyner-Ziv video
                 coding (e.g., up to 42.03\% over DISCOVER) as well as
                 versus alternative state-of-the-art schemes refining
                 the side-information.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Shin:2014:PDC,
  author =       "Paul J. Shin and Johnny Park and Avinash C. Kak",
  title =        "A predictive duty cycle adaptation framework using
                 augmented sensing for wireless camera networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530280",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Energy efficiency dominates practically every aspect
                 of the design of a wireless sensor network and duty
                 cycling is an important tool for achieving high energy
                 efficiencies. Duty cycling for wireless camera networks
                 meant for tracking objects is made complex by the nodes
                 having to anticipate the arrival of the objects in
                 their field-of-view. The consequences of an object
                 arriving in the view-region of a camera when it is
                 sleeping need no elaboration. Our work presents a
                 predictive framework to provide nodes with an ability
                 to anticipate the arrival of objects in the
                 field-of-view of their cameras. Our predictive
                 framework differs from others in that the nodes whose
                 duty cycles are increased are at least one step removed
                 from the immediate neighborhood of the nodes where the
                 objects are currently visible. By eliminating the need
                 for the currently busiest nodes to also be in charge of
                 informing their nonbusy immediate neighbors to get
                 ready for object arrival, we end up with a more robust
                 strategy for updating the duty cycle at the nodes where
                 the objects are highly likely to appear soon. The
                 proposed scheme works by using an existing MAC header
                 bit that is already in the 802.15.4 protocol and, in
                 that sense, our anticipatory approach for notifying the
                 nodes about the current state of the object location
                 entails no additional expenditure of energy. Our
                 contribution includes evaluations based on large-scale
                 simulations as well as real experiments with an
                 Imote2-based wireless camera network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tessens:2014:CST,
  author =       "Linda Tessens and Marleen Morbee and Hamid Aghajan and
                 Wilfried Philips",
  title =        "Camera selection for tracking in distributed smart
                 camera networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530281",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Tracking persons with multiple cameras with
                 overlapping fields of view instead of with one camera
                 leads to more robust decisions. However, operating
                 multiple cameras instead of one requires more
                 processing power and communication bandwidth, which are
                 limited resources in practical networks. When the
                 fields of view of different cameras overlap, not all
                 cameras are equally needed for localizing a tracking
                 target. When only a selected set of cameras do
                 processing and transmit data to track the target, a
                 substantial saving of resources is achieved. The recent
                 introduction of smart cameras with on-board image
                 processing and communication hardware makes such a
                 distributed implementation of tracking feasible. We
                 present a novel framework for selecting cameras to
                 track people in a distributed smart camera network that
                 is based on generalized information-theory. By
                 quantifying the contribution of one or more cameras to
                 the tracking task, the limited network resources can be
                 allocated appropriately, such that the best possible
                 tracking performance is achieved. With the proposed
                 method, we dynamically assign a subset of all available
                 cameras to each target and track it in difficult
                 circumstances of occlusions and limited fields of view
                 with the same accuracy as when using all cameras.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Gruenwedel:2014:LCS,
  author =       "Sebastian Gruenwedel and Vedran Jelaca and Jorge
                 Oswaldo Nino-Castaneda and Peter van Hese and Dimitri
                 van Cauwelaert and Dirk van Haerenborgh and Peter
                 Veelaert and Wilfried Philips",
  title =        "Low-complexity scalable distributed multicamera
                 tracking of humans",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530282",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Real-time tracking of people has many applications in
                 computer vision, especially in the domain of
                 surveillance. Typically, a network of cameras is used
                 to solve this task. However, real-time tracking remains
                 challenging due to frequent occlusions and
                 environmental changes. Besides, multicamera
                 applications often require a trade-off between accuracy
                 and communication load within a camera network. In this
                 article, we present a real-time distributed multicamera
                 tracking system for the analysis of people in a meeting
                 room. One contribution of the article is that we
                 provide a scalable solution using smart cameras. The
                 system is scalable because it requires a very small
                 communication bandwidth and only light-weight
                 processing on a ``fusion center'' which produces final
                 tracking results. The fusion center can thus be cheap
                 and can be duplicated to increase reliability. In the
                 proposed decentralized system all low level video
                 processing is performed on smart cameras. The smart
                 cameras transmit a compact high-level description of
                 moving people to the fusion center, which fuses this
                 data using a Bayesian approach. A second contribution
                 in our system is that the camera-based processing takes
                 feedback from the fusion center about the most recent
                 locations and motion states of tracked people into
                 account. Based on this feedback and background
                 subtraction results, the smart cameras generate a best
                 hypothesis for each person. We evaluate the performance
                 (in terms of precision and accuracy) of the tracker in
                 indoor and meeting scenarios where individuals are
                 often occluded by other people and/or furniture.
                 Experimental results are presented based on the
                 tracking of up to 4 people in a meeting room of 9 m by
                 5 m using 6 cameras. In about two hours of data, our
                 method has only 0.3 losses per minute and can typically
                 measure the position with an accuracy of 21 cm. We
                 compare our approach to state-of-the-art methods and
                 show that our system performs at least as good as other
                 methods. However, our system is capable to run in
                 real-time and therefore produces instantaneous
                 results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ilie:2014:OCA,
  author =       "Adrian Ilie and Greg Welch",
  title =        "Online control of active camera networks for computer
                 vision tasks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530283",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Large networks of cameras have been increasingly
                 employed to capture dynamic events for tasks such as
                 surveillance and training. When using active cameras to
                 capture events distributed throughout a large area,
                 human control becomes impractical and unreliable. This
                 has led to the development of automated approaches for
                 online camera control. We introduce a new automated
                 camera control approach that consists of a stochastic
                 performance metric and a constrained optimization
                 method. The metric quantifies the uncertainty in the
                 state of multiple points on each target. It uses
                 state-space methods with stochastic models of target
                 dynamics and camera measurements. It can account for
                 occlusions, accommodate requirements specific to the
                 algorithms used to process the images, and incorporate
                 other factors that can affect their results. The
                 optimization explores the space of camera
                 configurations over time under constraints associated
                 with the cameras, the predicted target trajectories,
                 and the image processing algorithms. The approach can
                 be applied to conventional surveillance tasks (e.g.,
                 tracking or face recognition), as well as tasks
                 employing more complex computer vision methods (e.g.,
                 markerless motion capture or 3D reconstruction).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kuo:2014:CWA,
  author =       "Thomas Kuo and Zefeng Ni and Santhoshkumar Sunderrajan
                 and B. S. Manjunath",
  title =        "Calibrating a wide-area camera network with
                 non-overlapping views using mobile devices",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530284",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In a wide-area camera network, cameras are often
                 placed such that their views do not overlap.
                 Collaborative tasks such as tracking and activity
                 analysis still require discovering the network topology
                 including the extrinsic calibration of the cameras.
                 This work addresses the problem of calibrating a fixed
                 camera in a wide-area camera network in a global
                 coordinate system so that the results can be shared
                 across calibrations. We achieve this by using commonly
                 available mobile devices such as smartphones. At least
                 one mobile device takes images that overlap with a
                 fixed camera's view and records the GPS position and 3D
                 orientation of the device when an image is captured.
                 These sensor measurements (including the image, GPS
                 position, and device orientation) are fused in order to
                 calibrate the fixed camera. This article derives a
                 novel maximum likelihood estimation formulation for
                 finding the most probable location and orientation of a
                 fixed camera. This formulation is solved in a
                 distributed manner using a consensus algorithm. We
                 evaluate the efficacy of the proposed methodology with
                 several simulated and real-world datasets.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{deLeo:2014:MVS,
  author =       "Carter de Leo and B. S. Manjunath",
  title =        "Multicamera video summarization and anomaly detection
                 from activity motifs",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530285",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Camera network systems generate large volumes of
                 potentially useful data, but extracting value from
                 multiple, related videos can be a daunting task for a
                 human reviewer. Multicamera video summarization seeks
                 to make this task more tractable by generating a
                 reduced set of output summary videos that concisely
                 capture important portions of the input set. We present
                 a system that approaches summarization at the level of
                 detected activity motifs and shortens the input videos
                 by compacting the representation of individual
                 activities. Additionally, redundancy is removed across
                 camera views by omitting from the summary activity
                 occurrences that can be predicted by other occurrences.
                 The system also detects anomalous events within a
                 unified framework and can highlight them in the
                 summary. Our contributions are a method for selecting
                 useful parts of an activity to present to a viewer
                 using activity motifs and a novel framework to score
                 the importance of activity occurrences and allow
                 transfer of importance between temporally related
                 activities without solving the correspondence problem.
                 We provide summarization results for a two camera
                 network, an eleven camera network, and data from PETS
                 2001. We also include results from Amazon Mechanical
                 Turk human experiments to evaluate how our
                 visualization decisions affect task performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zhang:2014:AIP,
  author =       "Hongwei Zhang and Xin Che and Xiaohui Liu and Xi Ju",
  title =        "Adaptive instantiation of the protocol interference
                 model in wireless networked sensing and control",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530286",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Interference model is the basis of MAC protocol design
                 in wireless networked sensing and control, and it
                 directly affects the efficiency and predictability of
                 wireless messaging. To exploit the strengths of both
                 the physical and the protocol interference models, we
                 analyze how network traffic, link length, and wireless
                 signal attenuation affect the optimal instantiation of
                 the protocol model. We also identify the inherent
                 trade-off between reliability and throughput in the
                 model instantiation. Our analysis sheds light on the
                 open problem of efficiently optimizing the protocol
                 model instantiation. Based on the analytical results,
                 we propose the physical-ratio-K (PRK) interference
                 model as a reliability-oriented instantiation of the
                 protocol model. Via analysis, simulation, and
                 testbed-based measurement, we show that PRK-based
                 scheduling achieves a network throughput very close to
                 (e.g., 95\%) what is enabled by physical-model-based
                 scheduling while ensuring the required packet delivery
                 reliability. The PRK model inherits both the high
                 fidelity of the physical model and the locality of the
                 protocol model, thus it is expected to be suitable for
                 distributed protocol design. These findings shed new
                 light on wireless interference models; they also
                 suggest new approaches to MAC protocol design in the
                 presence of uncertainties in network and environmental
                 conditions as well as application QoS requirements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kapnadak:2014:OND,
  author =       "Vibhav Kapnadak and Edward J. Coyle",
  title =        "Optimal nonuniform deployment of sensors for
                 distributed detection in wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530288",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We determine the optimal nonuniform spatial density of
                 nodes in a single-hop Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
                 whose task is the distributed detection of a target
                 within its sensing field. The optimization approach
                 accounts for such factors as the Medium Access Control
                 (MAC) protocol being used, the wireless channel's
                 propagation characteristics, a randomized sleep/wake-up
                 scheduling protocol, network coverage constraints, the
                 energy consumed, the time to reach a decision, and the
                 number of nodes in the network. The node density that
                 minimizes the average Decision Error Probability (DEP)
                 when a node at the center of the network serves as the
                 Cluster Head (CH) is shown to be a function of the
                 distance from this CH. The solution of this
                 optimization problem and simulations demonstrate both
                 the significant performance improvement provided by
                 nonuniform spatial densities and the trade-offs that
                 are possible amongst energy, network lifetime,
                 detection performance, and time to reach a decision.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "29",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wang:2014:MLA,
  author =       "Dong Wang and Lance Kaplan and Tarek F. Abdelzaher",
  title =        "Maximum likelihood analysis of conflicting
                 observations in social sensing",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530289",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article addresses the challenge of truth
                 discovery from noisy social sensing data. The work is
                 motivated by the emergence of social sensing as a data
                 collection paradigm of growing interest, where humans
                 perform sensory data collection tasks. Unlike the case
                 with well-calibrated and well-tested infrastructure
                 sensors, humans are less reliable, and the likelihood
                 that participants' measurements are correct is often
                 unknown a priori. Given a set of human participants of
                 unknown trustworthiness together with their sensory
                 measurements, we pose the question of whether one can
                 use this information alone to determine, in an
                 analytically founded manner, the probability that a
                 given measurement is true. In our previous conference
                 paper, we offered the first maximum likelihood solution
                 to the aforesaid truth discovery problem for
                 corroborating observations only. In contrast, this
                 article extends the conference paper and provides the
                 first maximum likelihood solution to handle the cases
                 where measurements from different participants may be
                 conflicting. The article focuses on binary
                 measurements. The approach is shown to outperform our
                 previous work used for corroborating observations, the
                 state-of-the-art fact-finding baselines, as well as
                 simple heuristics such as majority voting.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Khan:2014:TIC,
  author =       "Mohammad Maifi Hasan Khan and Hieu Khac Le and Hossein
                 Ahmadi and Tarek F. Abdelzaher and Jiawei Han",
  title =        "Troubleshooting interactive complexity bugs in
                 wireless sensor networks using data mining techniques",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31:1--31:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530290",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents a tool for uncovering bugs due
                 to interactive complexity in networked sensing
                 applications. Such bugs are not localized to one
                 component that is faulty, but rather result from
                 complex and unexpected interactions between multiple
                 often individually nonfaulty components. Moreover, the
                 manifestations of these bugs are often not repeatable,
                 making them particularly hard to find, as the
                 particular sequence of events that invokes the bug may
                 not be easy to reconstruct. Because of the distributed
                 nature of failure scenarios, our tool looks for
                 sequences of events that may be responsible for faulty
                 behavior, as opposed to localized bugs such as a bad
                 pointer in a module. We identified several challenges
                 in applying discriminative sequence mining for root
                 cause analysis when the system fails to perform as
                 expected and presented our solutions to those
                 challenges. We also present two alternative schemes,
                 namely, two-stage mining and the progressive
                 discriminative sequence mining to address the
                 scalability challenge. An extensible framework is
                 developed where a front-end collects runtime data logs
                 of the system being debugged and an offline back-end
                 uses frequent discriminative pattern mining to uncover
                 likely causes of failure. We provided several case
                 studies where we applied our tool successfully to
                 troubleshoot the cause of the problem. We uncovered a
                 kernel-level race condition bug in the LiteOS operating
                 system and a protocol design bug in the directed
                 diffusion protocol. We also presented a case study of
                 debugging a multichannel MAC protocol that was found to
                 exhibit corner cases of poor performance (worse than
                 single-channel MAC). The tool helped to uncover event
                 sequences that lead to a highly degraded mode of
                 operation. Fixing the problem significantly improved
                 the performance of the protocol. We also evaluated the
                 extensions presented in this article. Finally, we
                 provided a detailed analysis of tool overhead in terms
                 of memory requirements and impact on the running
                 application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "31",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kusy:2014:RDR,
  author =       "Branislav Kusy and David Abbott and Christian Richter
                 and Cong Huynh and Mikhail Afanasyev and Wen Hu and
                 Michael Br{\"u}nig and Diethelm Ostry and Raja Jurdak",
  title =        "Radio diversity for reliable communication in sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "32:1--32:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530291",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Radio connectivity in wireless sensor networks is
                 highly intermittent due to unpredictable and
                 time-varying noise and interference patterns in the
                 environment. Because link qualities are not predictable
                 prior to deployment, current deterministic solutions to
                 unreliable links, such as increasing network density or
                 transmission power, require overprovisioning of network
                 resources and do not always improve reliability. We
                 propose a new dual-radio network architecture to
                 improve communication reliability in wireless sensor
                 networks. Specifically, we show that radio transceivers
                 operating at well-separated frequencies and spatially
                 separated antennas offer robust communication, high
                 link diversity, and better interference mitigation. We
                 derive the optimal parameters for the dual-transceiver
                 setup from frequency and space diversity in theory. We
                 observe that frequency diversity holds the most
                 benefits as long as the antennas are sufficiently
                 separated to prevent coupling. Our experiments on an
                 indoor/outdoor testbed confirm the theoretical
                 predictions and show that radio diversity can
                 significantly improve end-to-end delivery rates and
                 network stability at only a small increase in energy
                 cost over a single radio. Simulation experiments
                 further validate the improvements in multiple topology
                 configurations, but also reveal that the benefits of
                 radio diversity are coupled to the number of available
                 routing paths to the destination.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Mavrinac:2014:CQS,
  author =       "Aaron Mavrinac and Xiang Chen and Yonghong Tan",
  title =        "Coverage quality and smoothness criteria for online
                 view selection in a multi-camera network",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33:1--33:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530373",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The problem of online selection of monocular view
                 sequences for an arbitrary task in a calibrated
                 multi-camera network is investigated. An objective
                 function for the quality of a view sequence is derived
                 from a novel task-oriented, model-based instantaneous
                 coverage quality criterion and a criterion of the
                 smoothness of view transitions over time. The former is
                 quantified by a priori information about the camera
                 system, environment, and task generally available in
                 the target application class. The latter is derived
                 from qualitative definitions of undesirable transition
                 effects. A scalable online algorithm with robust
                 suboptimal performance is presented based on this
                 objective function. Experimental results demonstrate
                 the performance of the method-and therefore the
                 criteria-as well as its robustness to several
                 identified sources of nonsmoothness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "33",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Thai:2014:DTV,
  author =       "My T. Thai and Ravi Tiwari and Raja Bose and
                 Abdelsalam Helal",
  title =        "On detection and tracking of variant phenomena
                 clouds",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34:1--34:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530525",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Phenomena clouds are characterized by
                 nondeterministic, dynamic variations of shapes, sizes,
                 direction, and speed of motion along multiple axes. The
                 phenomena detection and tracking should not be limited
                 to some traditional applications such as oil spills and
                 gas clouds but also be utilized to more accurately
                 observe other types of phenomena such as walking motion
                 of people. This wider range of applications requires
                 more reliable, in-situ techniques that can accurately
                 adapt to the dynamics of phenomena. Unfortunately,
                 existing works which only focus on simple and
                 well-defined shapes of phenomena are no longer
                 sufficient. In this article, we present a new class of
                 applications together with several distributed
                 algorithms to detect and track phenomena clouds,
                 regardless of their shapes and movement direction. We
                 first propose a distributed algorithm for in-situ
                 detection and tracking of phenomena clouds in a sensor
                 space. We next provide a mathematical model to optimize
                 the energy consumption, on which we further propose a
                 localized algorithm to minimize the resource
                 utilization. Our proposed approaches not only ensure
                 low processing and networking overhead at the
                 centralized query processor but also minimize the
                 number of sensors which are actively involved in the
                 detection and tracking processes. We validate our
                 approach using both real-life smart home applications
                 and simulation experiments, which confirm the
                 effectiveness of our proposed algorithms. We also show
                 that our algorithms result in significant reduction in
                 resource usage and power consumption as compared to
                 contemporary stream-based approaches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "34",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kamal:2014:FDW,
  author =       "Abu Raihan M. Kamal and Chris J. Bleakley and Simon
                 Dobson",
  title =        "Failure detection in wireless sensor networks: a
                 sequence-based dynamic approach",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530526",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has recently
                 moved out of controlled laboratory settings to
                 real-world deployments. Many of these deployments
                 experience high rates of failure. Common types of
                 failure include node failure, link failure, and node
                 reboot. Due to the resource constraints of sensor
                 nodes, existing techniques for fault detection in
                 enterprise networks are not applicable. Previously
                 proposed WSN fault detection algorithms either rely on
                 periodic transmission of node status data or inferring
                 node status based on passive information collection.
                 The former approach significantly reduces network
                 lifetime, while the latter achieves poor accuracy in
                 dynamic or large networks. Herein, we propose
                 Sequence-Based Fault Detection (SBFD), a novel
                 framework for network fault detection in WSNs. The
                 framework exploits in-network packet tagging using the
                 Fletcher checksum and server-side network path analysis
                 to efficiently deduce the path of all packets sent to
                 the sink. The sink monitors the extracted packet paths
                 to detect persistent path changes which are indicative
                 of network failures. When a failure is suspected, the
                 sink uses control messages to check the status of the
                 affected nodes. SBFD was implemented in TinyOS on
                 TelosB motes and its performance was assessed in a
                 testbed network and in TOSSIM simulation. The method
                 was found to achieve a fault detection accuracy of
                 90.7\% to 95.0\% for networks of 25 to 400 nodes at the
                 cost of 0.164\% to 0.239\% additional control packets
                 and a 0.5\% reduction in node lifetime due to
                 in-network packet tagging. Finally, a comparative study
                 was conducted with existing solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Donmez:2014:APC,
  author =       "Mehmet Yunus Donmez and Sinan Isik and Cem Ersoy",
  title =        "Analysis of a prioritized contention model for
                 multimedia wireless sensor networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530527",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Emerging multimedia applications for sensor networks
                 require the co-existence of different types of traffic
                 with different QoS provisions in terms of latency and
                 throughput. Prioritization-based service
                 differentiation mechanisms are applied in all layers of
                 communication to satisfy the QoS requirements of each
                 traffic class. The prioritization in the contention is
                 one of these differentiation methods applied in the
                 medium access layer. In this article, we propose an
                 analytical model for the contention latencies and
                 energy expenditures of different classes in a
                 prioritized contention structure with uniform backoff
                 scheme. The contention window is divided into three
                 partitions which are allocated for the use of only
                 high-priority, both priorities, and only low-priority
                 classes. We further generalize the model for binary
                 exponential backoff schemes and for more than two
                 priority classes. In the analysis, we explore the
                 optimum sizes of these partitions in terms of
                 contention latency and the total energy expenditure for
                 each priority class. Our model is also useful for the
                 evaluation of various recent contention prioritization
                 schemes in WSNs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Liu:2014:DDL,
  author =       "Tao Liu and Alberto E. Cerpa",
  title =        "Data-driven link quality prediction using link
                 features",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "37:1--37:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2530535",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 07:56:33 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "As an integral part of reliable communication in
                 wireless networks, effective link estimation is
                 essential for routing protocols. However, due to the
                 dynamic nature of wireless channels, accurate link
                 quality estimation remains a challenging task. In this
                 article, we propose 4C, a novel link estimator that
                 applies link quality prediction along with link
                 estimation. Our approach is data driven and consists of
                 three steps: data collection, offline modeling, and
                 online prediction. The data collection step involves
                 gathering link quality data, and based on our analysis
                 of the data, we propose a set of guidelines for the
                 amount of data to be collected in our experimental
                 scenarios. The modeling step includes offline
                 prediction model training and selection. We present
                 three prediction models that utilize different machine
                 learning methods, namely, naive Bayes classifier,
                 logistic regression, and artificial neural networks.
                 Our models take a combination of PRR and the
                 physical-layer information, that is, Received Signal
                 Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR),
                 and Link Quality Indicator (LQI) as input, and output
                 the success probability of delivering the next packet.
                 From our analysis and experiments, we find that
                 logistic regression works well among the three models
                 with small computational cost. Finally, the third step
                 involves the implementation of 4C, a receiver-initiated
                 online link quality prediction module that computes the
                 short temporal link quality. We conducted extensive
                 experiments in the Motelab and our local indoor
                 testbeds, as well as an outdoor deployment. Our results
                 with single- and multiple-senders experiments show that
                 with 4C, CTP improves the average cost of delivering a
                 packet by 20\% to 30\%. In some cases, the improvement
                 is larger than 45\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "37",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2014:TEF,
  author =       "Zhenjiang Li and Mo Li and Yunhao Liu",
  title =        "Towards Energy-Fairness in Asynchronous Duty-Cycling
                 Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "38:1--38:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2490256",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we investigate the problem of
                 controlling node sleep intervals so as to achieve the
                 min-max energy fairness in asynchronous duty-cycling
                 sensor networks. We propose a mathematical model to
                 describe the energy efficiency of such networks and
                 observe that traditional sleep interval setting
                 strategies, for example, operating sensor nodes with an
                 identical sleep interval, or intuitive control
                 heuristics, for example, greedily increasing sleep
                 intervals of sensor nodes with high energy consumption
                 rates, hardly perform well in practice. There is an
                 urgent need to develop an efficient sleep interval
                 control strategy for achieving fair and high energy
                 efficiency. To this end, we theoretically formulate the
                 Sleep Interval Control (SIC) problem and find out that
                 it is a convex optimization problem. By utilizing the
                 convex property, we decompose the original problem and
                 propose a distributed algorithm, called GDSIC. In
                 GDSIC, sensor nodes can tune sleep intervals through a
                 local information exchange such that the maximum energy
                 consumption rate of the network approaches to be
                 minimized. The algorithm is self-adjustable to the
                 traffic load variance and is able to serve as a unified
                 framework for a variety of asynchronous duty-cycling
                 MAC protocols. We implement our approach in a prototype
                 system and test its feasibility and applicability on a
                 50-node testbed. We further conduct extensive
                 trace-driven simulations to examine the efficiency and
                 scalability of our algorithm with various settings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "38",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Hauer:2014:LHM,
  author =       "Jan-Hinrich Hauer",
  title =        "Leveraging Human Mobility for Communication in Body
                 Area Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39:1--39:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491110",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "When a person is walking the RF signal strength of an
                 on-body communication link may exhibit significant
                 fluctuation with peak-to-peak amplitudes beyond 20 dB.
                 Instantaneous signal strength may be noisy, but the
                 smoothed signal typically exhibits a period that
                 matches the person's stride period. We present an
                 opportunistic packet scheduler that extracts a set of
                 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) samples from
                 application traffic and utilizes an accelerometer to
                 monitor the person's gait cycle. Packets are scheduled
                 based on previous RSSI peaks and the current offset
                 within the gait cycle. We formulate the task of finding
                 a nonoverlapping packet schedule among the different
                 body area network (BAN) devices as a linear programming
                 problem and present an efficient way of solving it with
                 the simplex method. Our experimental evaluation shows
                 that outdoors BAN links with PRR (ratio of correctly
                 received to transmitted packets) values between 50\%
                 and 90\% can typically be turned into reliable links
                 with PRR values well above 90\%. Indoors the
                 improvements are smaller, but still significant at low
                 transmission power. The main price is an increase in
                 packet delivery latency. The energy consumed by the
                 devices is marginal, but the coordinator spends more
                 energy due to signal processing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "39",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Guo:2014:DFN,
  author =       "Shuo Guo and Heng Zhang and Ziguo Zhong and Jiming
                 Chen and Qing Cao and Tian He",
  title =        "Detecting Faulty Nodes with Data Errors for Wireless
                 Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40:1--40:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594773",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) promise researchers a
                 powerful instrument for observing sizable phenomena
                 with fine granularity over long periods. Since the
                 accuracy of data is important to the whole system's
                 performance, detecting nodes with faulty readings is an
                 essential issue in network management. As a
                 complementary solution to detecting nodes with
                 functional faults, this article, proposes FIND, a novel
                 method to detect nodes with data faults that neither
                 assumes a particular sensing model nor requires costly
                 event injections. After the nodes in a network detect a
                 natural event, FIND ranks the nodes based on their
                 sensing readings as well as their physical distances
                 from the event. FIND works for systems where the
                 measured signal attenuates with distance. A node is
                 considered faulty if there is a significant mismatch
                 between the sensor data rank and the distance rank.
                 Theoretically, we show that average ranking difference
                 is a provable indicator of possible data faults. FIND
                 is extensively evaluated in simulations and two test
                 bed experiments with up to 25 MicaZ nodes. Evaluation
                 shows that FIND has a less than 5\% miss detection rate
                 and false alarm rate in most noisy environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "40",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tan:2014:CPL,
  author =       "Guang Tan and Hongbo Jiang and Jun Liu and Anne-Marie
                 Kermarrec",
  title =        "Convex Partitioning of Large-Scale Sensor Networks in
                 Complex Fields: Algorithms and Applications",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "41:1--41:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594772",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "When a sensor network grows large, or when its
                 topology becomes complex (e.g., containing many holes),
                 network algorithms designed with a smaller or simpler
                 setting in mind may be rendered rather inefficient. We
                 propose to address this problem using a divide and
                 conquer approach: the network is divided into convex
                 pieces by a distributed convex partitioning protocol,
                 using connectivity information only. A convex network
                 partition exhibits some desirable properties that allow
                 traditional algorithms to work to their full advantage.
                 Based on this, we can achieve relatively high
                 performance for an algorithm by combining algorithmic
                 actions within individual partitions. We consider two
                 important applications: virtual-coordinate-based
                 geographic routing and connectivity-based localization.
                 The former benefits from convex partition's
                 friendliness to network embedding, which is crucial to
                 generating accurate virtual coordinates for the nodes,
                 while the latter leverages the fact that shortest paths
                 are largely straight for node pairs within a convex
                 partition. Experimental results show that the convex
                 partition approach can significantly improve the
                 performance of both applications in comparison with
                 state-of-the-art solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "41",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Erickson:2014:OMP,
  author =       "Varick L. Erickson and Miguel {\'A}.
                 Carreira-Perpi{\~n}{\'a}n and Alberto E. Cerpa",
  title =        "Occupancy Modeling and Prediction for Building Energy
                 Management",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "42:1--42:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594771",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Heating, cooling and ventilation accounts for 35\%
                 energy usage in the United States. Currently, most
                 modern buildings still condition rooms assuming maximum
                 occupancy rather than actual usage. As a result, rooms
                 are often over-conditioned needlessly. Thus, in order
                 to achieve efficient conditioning, we require knowledge
                 of occupancy. This article shows how real time
                 occupancy data from a wireless sensor network can be
                 used to create occupancy models, which in turn can be
                 integrated into building conditioning system for
                 usage-based demand control conditioning strategies.
                 Using strategies based on sensor network occupancy
                 model predictions, we show that it is possible to
                 achieve 42\% annual energy savings while still
                 maintaining American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
                 and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) comfort
                 standards.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "42",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Nguyen:2014:CMF,
  author =       "Diep N. Nguyen and Marwan Krunz",
  title =        "A Cooperative {MIMO} Framework for Wireless Sensor
                 Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "43:1--43:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2499381",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We explore the use of cooperative multi-input
                 multi-output (MIMO) communications to prolong the
                 lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN).
                 Single-antenna sensor nodes are clustered into virtual
                 antenna arrays that can act as virtual MIMO (VMIMO)
                 nodes. We design a distributed cooperative clustering
                 protocol (CCP), which exploits VMIMO's diversity gain
                 by optimally selecting the cooperating nodes (CNs)
                 within each cluster and balancing their energy
                 consumption. The problem of optimal CN selection at the
                 transmit and receive clusters is formulated as a
                 nonlinear binary program. Aiming at minimizing the
                 imbalance in the residual energy at various nodes, we
                 decompose this problem into two subproblems: finding
                 the optimal number of CNs (ONC) in a cluster and the CN
                 assignment problem. For the ONC problem, we first
                 analyze the energy efficiency of two widely used VMIMO
                 methods: distributed Space Time Block Code (DSTBC) and
                 distributed Vertical-Bell
                 Laboratories-Layered-Space-Time (DVBLAST). Our analysis
                 provides an upper bound on the optimal number of CN
                 nodes, which greatly reduces the computational
                 complexity of the ONC problem. The second subproblem is
                 addressed by assigning CNs based on the residual
                 battery energy. To make CCP scalable to large WSNs, we
                 propose a multihop energy-balanced routing mechanism
                 for clustered WSNs (C-EBR) with a novel cost metric.
                 Finally, we derive sufficient conditions on the intra-
                 and intercluster ranges, under which CCP guarantees
                 connectivity of the intercluster topology. Extensive
                 simulations show that the proposed approach
                 dramatically improves the network lifetime.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "43",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Pottner:2014:CST,
  author =       "Wolf-Bastian P{\"o}ttner and Hans Seidel and James
                 Brown and Utz Roedig and Lars Wolf",
  title =        "Constructing Schedules for Time-Critical Data Delivery
                 in Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "44:1--44:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2494528",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor networks for industrial process
                 monitoring and control require highly reliable and
                 timely data delivery. To match performance
                 requirements, specialised schedule based medium access
                 control (MAC) protocols are employed. In order to
                 construct an efficient system, it is necessary to find
                 a schedule that can support the given application
                 requirements in terms of data delivery latency and
                 reliability. Furthermore, additional requirements such
                 as transmission power may have to be taken into account
                 when constructing the schedule. In this article, we
                 show how such schedule can be constructed. We describe
                 methods and tools to collect the data necessary as
                 input for schedule calculation. Moreover, due to the
                 high complexity of schedule calculation, we also
                 introduce a heuristic. We evaluate the proposed methods
                 in a real-world process automation and control
                 application deployed in an oil refinery and further
                 present a long-term experiment in an office
                 environment. Additionally, we discuss a framework for
                 schedule life-cycle management.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "44",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ghaffarkhah:2014:DNC,
  author =       "Alireza Ghaffarkhah and Yasamin Mostofi",
  title =        "Dynamic Networked Coverage of Time-Varying
                 Environments in the Presence of Fading Communication
                 Channels",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45:1--45:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594769",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we study the problem of dynamic
                 coverage of a set of points of interest (POIs) in a
                 time-varying environment. We consider the scenario
                 where a physical quantity is constantly growing at
                 certain rates at the POIs. A number of mobile agents
                 are then deployed to periodically cover (sense or
                 service) the POIs and keep the physical quantity under
                 control bounded at all the POIs. We assume a
                 communication-constrained operation, where the mobile
                 agents need to communicate to a fixed remote station
                 over realistic wireless links to complete their
                 coverage task. We then propose novel mixed-integer
                 linear programs (MILPs) to design periodic trajectories
                 and TX power policies for the mobile agents that
                 minimize the total energy (the summation of motion and
                 communication energy) consumption of the mobile agents
                 in each period, while (1) guaranteeing the boundedness
                 of the quantity of interest at all the POIs, and (2)
                 meeting the constraints on the connectivity of the
                 mobile agents, the frequency of covering the POIs, and
                 the total energy budget of the mobile agents. We
                 furthermore provide a probabilistic analysis of the
                 problem. Our results show the superior performance of
                 the proposed framework for dynamic coverage in
                 realistic fading environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "45",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Liu:2014:TAL,
  author =       "Tao Liu and Alberto E. Cerpa",
  title =        "Temporal Adaptive Link Quality Prediction with Online
                 Learning",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "46:1--46:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594766",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Link quality estimation is a fundamental component of
                 the low-power wireless network protocols and is
                 essential for routing protocols in Wireless Sensor
                 Networks (WSNs). However, accurate link quality
                 estimation remains a challenging task due to the
                 notoriously dynamic and unpredictable wireless
                 environment. In this article we argue that, in addition
                 to the estimation of current link quality, prediction
                 of the future link quality is more important for the
                 routing protocol to establish low-cost delivery paths.
                 We propose to apply machine learning methods to predict
                 the link quality in the near future to facilitate the
                 utilization of intermediate links with frequent quality
                 changes. Moreover, we show that, by using online
                 learning methods, our adaptive link estimator (TALENT)
                 adapts to network dynamics better than statically
                 trained models without the need of a priori data
                 collection for training the model before deployment. We
                 implemented TALENT in TinyOS with Low-Power Listening
                 (LPL) and conducted extensive experiments in three
                 testbeds. Our experimental results show that the
                 addition of TALENT increases the delivery efficiency
                 1.95 times on average compared with a 4B,
                 state-of-the-art link quality estimator, as well as
                 improves the end-to-end delivery rate when tested on
                 three different wireless testbeds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "46",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tovar:2014:CFS,
  author =       "Benjamin Tovar and Fred Cohen and Leonardo Bobadilla
                 and Justin Czarnowski and Steven M. Lavalle",
  title =        "Combinatorial Filters: Sensor Beams, Obstacles, and
                 Possible Paths",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47:1--47:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594767",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A problem is introduced in which a moving body (robot,
                 human, animal, vehicle, and so on) travels among
                 obstacles and binary detection beams that connect
                 between obstacles or barriers. Each beam can be viewed
                 as a virtual sensor that may have many possible
                 alternative implementations. The task is to determine
                 the possible body paths based only on sensor
                 observations that each simply report that a beam
                 crossing occurred. This is a basic filtering problem
                 encountered in many settings, under a variety of
                 sensing modalities. Filtering methods are presented
                 that reconstruct the set of possible paths at three
                 levels of resolution: (1) the possible sequences of
                 regions (bounded by beams and obstacles) visited, (2)
                 equivalence classes of homo-topic paths, and (3) the
                 possible numbers of times the path winds around
                 obstacles. In the simplest case, all beams are
                 disjoint, distinguishable, and directed. More complex
                 cases are then considered, allowing for any amount of
                 beams overlapping, indistinguishability, and lack of
                 directional information. The method was implemented in
                 simulation. An inexpensive, low-energy, easily
                 deployable architecture was also created which
                 implements the beam model and validates the methods of
                 the article with experiments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "47",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Hariharan:2014:ESF,
  author =       "Srikanth Hariharan and Chatschik Bisdikian and Lance
                 M. Kaplan and Tien Pham",
  title =        "Efficient Solutions Framework for Optimal Multitask
                 Resource Assignments for Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor
                 Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "48:1--48:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594768",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Motivated by the need to judiciously allocate scarce
                 sensing resources to attain the highest benefit for the
                 applications that sensor networks serve, in this
                 article we develop a flexible solutions methodology for
                 maximizing the overall reward attained, subject to
                 constraints on the resource demands under fairly
                 general reward or demand functions. We map a broad
                 class of related problems for data fusion in wireless
                 sensor networks into an integer programming problem and
                 provide an iterative Lagrangian relaxation technique to
                 solve it. Each iteration step involves solving for a
                 maximum-weight independent set of an appropriately
                 constructed graph, which, in many cases, can be
                 obtained in polynomial time. We apply our methodology
                 to the problem of tracking targets moving over a period
                 of time through a nonhomogeneous, energy-constrained
                 sensor field. With rewards represented by the quality
                 of information attained in tracking, we study its
                 trade-offs and relationship with energy consumption and
                 periodic measurement taking. We finally illustrate
                 other applications of our framework in sensor
                 networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "48",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Liu:2014:DAF,
  author =       "Hongbo Liu and Hui Wang and Yingying Chen and Dayong
                 Jia",
  title =        "Defending against Frequency-Based Attacks on
                 Distributed Data Storage in Wireless Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49:1--49:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594774",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "As wireless networks become more pervasive, the amount
                 of the wireless data is rapidly increasing. One of the
                 biggest challenges of wide adoption of distributed data
                 storage is how to store these data securely. In this
                 work, we study the frequency-based attack, a type of
                 attack that is different from previously well-studied
                 ones, that exploits additional adversary knowledge of
                 domain values and/or their exact/approximate
                 frequencies to crack the encrypted data. To cope with
                 frequency-based attacks, the straightforward 1-to-1
                 substitution encryption functions are not sufficient.
                 We propose a data encryption strategy based on 1-to- n
                 substitution via dividing and emulating techniques to
                 defend against the frequency-based attack, while
                 enabling efficient query evaluation over encrypted
                 data. We further develop two frameworks, incremental
                 collection and clustered collection, which are used to
                 defend against the global frequency-based attack when
                 the knowledge of the global frequency in the network is
                 not available. Built upon our basic encryption schemes,
                 we derive two mechanisms, direct emulating and dual
                 encryption, to handle updates on the data storage for
                 energy-constrained sensor nodes and wireless devices.
                 Our preliminary experiments with sensor nodes and
                 extensive simulation results show that our data
                 encryption strategy can achieve high security guarantee
                 with low overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "49",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Emokpae:2014:SRB,
  author =       "Lloyd Emokpae and Mohamed Younis",
  title =        "Surface-Reflection-Based Communication and
                 Localization in Underwater Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "50:1--50:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2537130",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Most communication and localization algorithms in
                 underwater environments have been constrained by
                 dependencies on the Line Of Sight (LOS), which is hard
                 to guarantee due to the inherent node mobility. This
                 constraint hinders node discovery and ad hoc formation
                 in underwater networks and limits the performance of
                 routing protocols. This article introduces a novel
                 Surface-Based Reflection (SBR) model that uses a
                 homomorphic deconvolution technique to establish
                 water-surface-reflected communication links. We then
                 propose a Surface-Based Reflection Anchor-free
                 Localization (SBR-AL) algorithm that can be employed by
                 the individual nodes to establish a relative coordinate
                 system. Our approach also employs a switch-beamed
                 directional antenna model that allows each node to use
                 the LOS estimated from SBR-AL to enable directional
                 communication which is beneficial for higher
                 Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). The relative locations
                 can facilitate the various network operation functions
                 such as geo-routing and collision-free medium access.
                 The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the
                 proposed approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "50",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yu:2014:CCW,
  author =       "Zuoming Yu and Jin Teng and Xiaole Bai and Dong Xuan
                 and Weijia Jia",
  title =        "Connected Coverage in Wireless Networks with
                 Directional Antennas",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "51:1--51:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594770",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we address a new unexplored problem:
                 what are the optimal patterns to achieve connected
                 coverage in wireless networks with directional
                 antennas. As their name implies, directional antennas
                 can focus their transmission energy in a certain
                 direction. This feature leads to lower
                 cross-interference and larger communication distance.
                 It has been shown that, with proper scheduling
                 mechanisms, directional antennas may substantially
                 improve networking performance in wireless networks. In
                 this article, we propose a set of deployment patterns
                 to achieve full coverage and up to 2-connectivity under
                 two different antenna models, namely the sector model
                 and the knob model. These patterns are optimal under
                 most combinations of communication and sensing ranges.
                 We also introduce with detailed analysis several
                 fundamental theorems and conjectures. Finally, we
                 examine a more realistic physical model, where there
                 might be strong interference and both the sensing range
                 and the communication range might be irregular. The
                 results show that our designed patterns work well even
                 in unstable and fickle physical environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "51",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Xia:2014:MMU,
  author =       "Ming Xia and Yabo Dong and Wenyuan Xu and Xiangyang Li
                 and Dongming Lu",
  title =        "{MC 2}: Multimode User-Centric Design of Wireless
                 Sensor Networks for Long-Term Monitoring",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "52:1--52:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2509856",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Real-world, long-running wireless sensor networks
                 (WSNs) require intense user intervention in the
                 development, hardware testing, deployment, and
                 maintenance stages. A majority of network design is
                 network centric and focuses primarily on network
                 performance, for example, efficient sensing and
                 reliable data delivery. Although several tools have
                 been developed to assist debugging and fault diagnosis,
                 it is yet to systematically examine the underlying
                 heavy burden that users face throughout the lifetime of
                 WSNs. In this article, we propose a general Multimode
                 user-CentriC (MC$^2$) framework that can, with simple
                 user inputs, adjust itself to assist user operation and
                 thus reduce the users' burden at various stages. In
                 particular, we have identified utilities that are
                 essential at each stage and grouped them into modes. In
                 each mode, only the corresponding utilities will be
                 loaded, and modes can be easily switched using the
                 customized MC$^2$ sensor platform. As such, we reduce
                 the runtime interference between various utilities and
                 simplify their development as well as their debugging.
                 We validated our MC$^2$ software and the sensor
                 platform in a long-lived microclimate monitoring system
                 deployed at a wildland heritage site, Mogao Grottoes.
                 In our current system, 241 sensor nodes have been
                 deployed in 57 caves, and the network has been running
                 for over five years. Our experimental validation shows
                 that the MC$^2$ framework shortens the time for network
                 deployment and maintenance, and makes network
                 maintenance doable by field experts (in our case,
                 historians).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "52",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ramos:2014:TRM,
  author =       "Heitor S. Ramos and Alejandro C. Frery and Azzedine
                 Boukerche and Eduardo M. R. Oliveira and Antonio A. F.
                 Loureiro",
  title =        "Topology-Related Metrics and Applications for the
                 Design and Operation of Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "53:1--53:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2512328",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 09:27:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The use of topological features, more specifically,
                 the importance of an element related to its structural
                 position, is a subject widely studied in the
                 literature. For instance, the theory of complex
                 networks provides centrality measures that have been
                 applied to a large variety of fields (e.g., social
                 sciences and biology). In this work, we propose a new
                 topological measure, the Sink Betweenness (SBet), which
                 stems from the theory of complex networks but is
                 adapted to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to capture
                 relevant information for this kind of network. We also
                 provide a distributed algorithm to calculate it, and
                 show its applicability to two different scenarios. The
                 first one is focused on data fusion applications for
                 event-driven WSNs, where we devise a tree-based data
                 collection algorithm that takes advantage of node
                 centrality to improve the data fusion efficiency. The
                 second scenario is focused on energy balancing
                 problems, more specifically in a problem called energy
                 hole, where nodes closer to the sink are more likely to
                 relay a larger number of packets than those that are
                 further. This phenomenon is strongly related to the
                 topology induced by the deployment of nodes along the
                 sensor field, and it can be effectively captured by the
                 SBet metric. Thus, we devise a data collection
                 algorithm that is able to distribute the relay task
                 more evenly. Simulation results show that the SBet
                 metric can be satisfactorily used in both scenarios. We
                 compare the proposed approach with some of the most
                 efficient available data fusion algorithms, and show
                 that the proposed algorithm generates consistently
                 good-quality data collection infrastructures which
                 require significantly smaller overhead. The use of SBet
                 allows to alleviate the energy-hole effects by evenly
                 balancing the relay load, and thus increasing the
                 network lifetime. These two applications illustrate how
                 the topology awareness can be used to improve different
                 network functions in a WSN.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "53",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2014:FOT,
  author =       "Huan Li and Dong Liang and Lihui Xie and Gong Zhang
                 and Krithi Ramamritham",
  title =        "Flash-Optimized Temporal Indexing for Time-Series Data
                 Storage on Sensor Platforms",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62:1--62:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2526687",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 16:46:56 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "While it is essential to exploit in-network processing
                 in wireless sensor networks in order to save bandwidth
                 and energy, we are constrained by the limited storage
                 available in off-the-shelf sensor devices. NAND flash
                 memory has great potential for extending storage
                 capacity for sensor applications. Since each sensor
                 platform is typically equipped with limited main memory
                 and sensor data, as well as the fact that queries are
                 temporal, existing flash index or file systems for
                 general portable devices are not suitable for sensor
                 networks. We propose Time-Log Tree (TL-Tree), a novel
                 unbalanced and cascaded structure, that takes advantage
                 of available flash capacity while making use of the
                 time-series property as a primary feature for
                 optimizing both memory and energy constraints.
                 Extensive experiments show TL-Tree's ability to utilize
                 both flash capacity and temporal locality to support
                 sensor data processing. Compared to other schemes, it
                 achieves much better access and energy savings for
                 different kinds of random and temporal range queries.
                 In addition, TL-Tree can also be easily extended to
                 support value-based queries. We have developed a
                 hardware board that includes a raw 128MB NAND flash
                 chip on MicaZ mote. We have also implemented a flash
                 driver and the TL-Tree to demonstrate the practicality
                 of this idea.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "62",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Tas:2014:LCI,
  author =       "Baris Tas and Nihat Altiparmak and Ali Saman Tosun",
  title =        "Low-Cost Indoor Location Management for Robots Using
                 {IR} Leds and an {IR} Camera",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "63:1--63:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2536713",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 16:46:56 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Many applications in wireless sensor networks can
                 benefit from position information. However, existing
                 accurate solutions for indoor environments are costly.
                 Radio-Frequency (RF)-based approaches are not suitable
                 for some indoor environments such as factory floors
                 where heavy machinery can cause interference. We
                 propose a low-cost and simple location management
                 system using infrared (IR) leds and the Wii Remote
                 Controller (WRC) which has an IR camera. The proposed
                 solution is motivated by the need to find the location
                 of a mobile robot used for data collection in a
                 wireless sensor network. In the proposed schemes, the
                 WRC is placed vertically on the mobile robot pointing
                 upward and IR leds are placed irregularly on the
                 ceiling. The mobile robot determines its position using
                 the relative positions of the IR leds detected by the
                 WRC. The WRC senses a few IR leds at a time, and they
                 are differentiated using the irregularity among them.
                 We analyze the problem theoretically and show that
                 there exist limitations for covering large areas. We
                 also discuss how to overcome these limitations. For
                 small coverage areas, we provide optimal solutions
                 using linear programming. The proposed scheme uses the
                 resources efficiently and can cover a large area using
                 a single WRC and multiple IR leds. We have simulation
                 results including nonvertical placements of the WRC.
                 The proposed scheme is easy to implement and requires
                 minimal bandwidth for location management.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "63",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Laoudias:2014:FFT,
  author =       "Christos Laoudias and Michalis P. Michaelides and
                 Christos G. Panayiotou",
  title =        "{ftTRACK}: Fault-Tolerant Target Tracking in Binary
                 Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "64:1--64:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2538509",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 16:46:56 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The provision of accurate and reliable localization
                 and tracking information for a target moving inside a
                 binary Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is quite
                 challenging, especially when sensor failures due to
                 hardware and/or software malfunctions or adversary
                 attacks are considered. Most tracking algorithms assume
                 fault-free scenarios and exploit all binary sensor
                 observations, thus their accuracy may degrade when
                 faults are present in the field. Spatiotemporal
                 information available while the target is traversing
                 the sensor field can be used not only for tracking the
                 target, but also for detecting certain types of faults
                 that appear highly correlated both in time and space.
                 Our main contribution is ftTRACK, a target tracking
                 architecture that is resilient to sensor faults and
                 consists of three main components, namely the sensor
                 health-state estimator, a fault-tolerant localization
                 algorithm, and a location smoothing component. The key
                 idea in the ftTRACK architecture lies in the sensor
                 health-state estimator that leverages spatiotemporal
                 information from previous estimation steps to
                 intelligently choose which sensors to employ in the
                 localization and tracking tasks. Simulation results
                 indicate that ftTRACK maintains a high level of
                 tracking accuracy, even when a large number of sensors
                 fail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "64",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Nabi:2014:ECM,
  author =       "Majid Nabi and Marc Geilen and Twan Basten and Milos
                 Blagojevic",
  title =        "Efficient Cluster Mobility Support for {TDMA}-Based
                 {MAC} Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65:1--65:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2594793",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 16:46:56 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Node mobility is a key feature of using Wireless
                 Sensor Networks (WSNs) in many sensory applications,
                 such as healthcare. The Medium Access Control (MAC)
                 protocol should properly support the mobility in the
                 network. In particular, mobility is complicated for
                 contention-free protocols like Time Division Multiple
                 Access (TDMA). An efficient access to the shared medium
                 is scheduled based on the node's local neighborhood.
                 This neighborhood may vary over time due to node
                 movement or other dynamics. In scenarios including
                 body-area networking, for instance, some clusters of
                 nodes move together, creating further challenges but
                 also opportunities. This article presents a MAC
                 protocol, MCMAC, that provides efficient support for
                 cluster mobility in TDMA-based MAC protocols in WSNs.
                 The proposed protocol exploits a hybrid contention-free
                 and contention-based communication approach to support
                 cluster mobility. This relieves the protocol from
                 rescheduling demand due to frequent node movements.
                 Moreover, we propose a listening scheduling mechanism
                 to avoid idle listening to mobile nodes that leads to a
                 considerable energy saving for sensor nodes. The
                 protocol is validated by performing several experiments
                 in a real-world large-scale deployment including
                 several mobile clusters. The protocol is also evaluated
                 by extensive simulation of networks with various scales
                 and configurations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "65",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Kazmi:2014:RWS,
  author =       "Aqeel H. Kazmi and Michael J. O'Grady and Declan T.
                 Delaney and Antonio G. Ruzzelli and Gregory M. P.
                 O'Hare",
  title =        "A Review of Wireless-Sensor-Network-Enabled Building
                 Energy Management Systems",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "66:1--66:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2532644",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 16:46:56 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Reducing energy consumption within buildings has been
                 an active area of research in the past decade; more
                 recently, there has been an increased influx of
                 activity, motivated by a variety of issues including
                 legislative, tax-related, as well as an increased
                 awareness of energy-related issues. Energy usage both
                 in commercial and residential buildings represents a
                 significant portion of overall energy consumption;
                 however, much of this may be categorized as waste, that
                 is, energy usage that does not fulfil a definite
                 purpose. In the past decade, the viability of Wireless
                 Sensor Network (WSN) technologies has been
                 demonstrated, leading to increased possibilities for
                 novel services for building energy management. This
                 development has resulted in numerous approaches being
                 proposed for harnessing WSNs for energy management and
                 conservation. This article surveys the state-of-the-art
                 in building energy management systems. A generic
                 architecture is proposed after which a detailed
                 taxonomy of existing documented systems is presented.
                 Gaps in the literature are highlighted and directions
                 for future research identified.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "66",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Ghadimi:2014:ORL,
  author =       "Euhanna Ghadimi and Olaf Landsiedel and Pablo Soldati
                 and Simon Duquennoy and Mikael Johansson",
  title =        "Opportunistic Routing in Low Duty-Cycle Wireless
                 Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "67:1--67:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2533686",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 16:46:56 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Opportunistic routing is widely known to have
                 substantially better performance than unicast routing
                 in wireless networks with lossy links. However,
                 wireless sensor networks are usually duty cycled, that
                 is, they frequently enter sleep states to ensure long
                 network lifetime. This renders existing opportunistic
                 routing schemes impractical, as they assume that nodes
                 are always awake and can overhear other transmissions.
                 In this article we introduce ORW, a practical
                 opportunistic routing scheme for wireless sensor
                 networks. ORW uses a novel opportunistic routing
                 metric, EDC, that reflects the expected number of
                 duty-cycled wakeups that are required to successfully
                 deliver a packet from source to destination. We devise
                 distributed algorithms that find the EDC-optimal
                 forwarding and demonstrate using analytical performance
                 models and simulations that EDC-based opportunistic
                 routing results in significantly reduced delay and
                 improved energy efficiency compared to traditional
                 unicast routing. In addition, we evaluate the
                 performance of ORW in both simulations and
                 testbed-based experiments. Our results show that ORW
                 reduces radio duty cycles on average by 50\% (up to
                 90\% on individual nodes) and delays by 30\% to 90\%
                 when compared to the state-of-the-art.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "67",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Bhuiyan:2014:SPM,
  author =       "Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan and Guojun Wang and Jiannong
                 Cao and Jie Wu",
  title =        "Sensor Placement with Multiple Objectives for
                 Structural Health Monitoring",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "68:1--68:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2533669",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 16:46:56 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Structural health monitoring (SHM) refers to the
                 process of implementing a damage detection and
                 characterization strategy for engineering structures.
                 Its objective is to monitor the integrity of structures
                 and detect and pinpoint the locations of possible
                 damages. Although wired network systems still dominate
                 in SHM applications, it is commonly believed that
                 wireless sensor network (WSN) systems will be deployed
                 for SHM in the near future, due to their intrinsic
                 advantages. However, the constraints (e.g.,
                 communication, fault tolerance, energy) of WSNs must be
                 considered before their deployment on structures. In
                 this article, we study the methodology of sensor
                 placement optimization for WSN-based SHM. Sensor
                 placement plays a vital role in SHM applications, where
                 sensor nodes are placed on critical locations that are
                 of civil/structural engineering importance. We design a
                 three-phase sensor placement approach, named TPSP,
                 aiming to achieve the following objectives: finding a
                 high-quality placement for a given set of sensors that
                 satisfies the engineering requirements, ensuring
                 communication efficiency and reliability and low
                 placement complexity, and reducing the probability of
                 failures in a WSN. Along with the sensor placement, we
                 enable sensor nodes to develop ``connectivity trees''
                 in such a way that maintaining structural health state
                 and network connectivity, for example, in case of a
                 sensor fault, can be done in a distributed manner. The
                 trees are constructed once (unlike dynamic clusters or
                 trees) and do not incur additional communication costs
                 for the WSN. We optimize the performance of TPSP by
                 considering multiple objectives: low communication
                 cost, fault tolerance, and lifetime prolongation. We
                 validate the effectiveness and performance of TPSP
                 through both simulations using real datasets and a
                 proof-of-concept system on a physical structure.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "68",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Premnath:2014:EHR,
  author =       "Sriram Nandha Premnath and Jessica Croft and Neal
                 Patwari and Sneha Kumar Kasera",
  title =        "Efficient High-Rate Secret Key Extraction in Wireless
                 Sensor Networks Using Collaboration",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2541289",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Secret key establishment is a fundamental requirement
                 for private communication between two entities. In this
                 article, we propose and evaluate a new approach for
                 secret key extraction where multiple sensors
                 collaborate in exchanging probe packets and collecting
                 channel measurements. Essentially, measurements from
                 multiple channels have a substantially higher
                 differential entropy compared to the measurements from
                 a single channel, thereby resulting in more randomness
                 in the information source for key extraction, and this
                 in turn produces stronger secret keys. We also explore
                 the fundamental trade-off between the quadratic
                 increase in the number of measurements of the channels
                 due to multiple nodes per group versus a linear
                 reduction in the sampling rate and a linear increase in
                 the time gap between bidirectional measurements. To
                 experimentally evaluate collaborative secret key
                 extraction in wireless sensor networks, we first build
                 a simple yet flexible testbed with multiple TelosB
                 sensor nodes. Next, we perform large-scale experiments
                 with different configurations of collaboration. Our
                 experiments show that in comparison to the $ 1 \times 1
                 $ configuration, collaboration among sensor nodes
                 significantly increases the secret bit extraction per
                 second, per probe, as well as per millijoule of
                 transmission energy. In addition, we show that the
                 collaborating nodes can improve the performance further
                 when they exploit both space and frequency
                 diversities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2014:PSA,
  author =       "Xu Li and Greg Fletcher and Amiya Nayak and Ivan
                 Stojmenovic",
  title =        "Placing Sensors for Area Coverage in a Complex
                 Environment by a Team of Robots",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2632149",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Existing solutions to carrier-based sensor placement
                 by a single robot in a bounded unknown Region of
                 Interest (ROI) do not guarantee full area coverage or
                 termination. We propose a novel localized algorithm,
                 named Back-Tracking Deployment (BTD). To construct a
                 full coverage solution over the ROI, mobile robots
                 (carriers) carry static sensors as payloads and drop
                 them at the visited empty vertices of a virtual square,
                 triangular, or hexagonal grid. A single robot will move
                 in a predefined order of directional preference until a
                 dead end is reached. Then it back-tracks to the nearest
                 sensor adjacent to an empty vertex (an ``entrance'' to
                 an unexplored/uncovered area) and resumes regular
                 forward movement and sensor dropping from there. To
                 save movement steps, the back-tracking is carried out
                 along a locally identified shortcut. We extend the
                 algorithm to support multiple robots that move
                 independently and asynchronously. Once a robot reaches
                 a dead end, it will back-track, giving preference to
                 its own path. Otherwise, it will take over the
                 back-track path of another robot by consulting with
                 neighboring sensors. We prove that BTD terminates
                 within finite time and produces full coverage when no
                 (sensor or robot) failures occur. We also describe an
                 approach to tolerate failures and an approach to
                 balance workload among robots. We then evaluate BTD in
                 comparison with the only competing algorithms SLD
                 [Chang et al. 2009a] and LRV [Batalin and Sukhatme
                 2004] through simulation. In a specific failure-free
                 scenario, SLD covers only 40--50\% of the ROI, whereas
                 BTD covers it in full. BTD involves significantly
                 (80\%) less robot moves and messages than LRV.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Sen:2014:RRP,
  author =       "Rijurekha Sen and Abhinav Maurya and Bhaskaran Raman
                 and Rupesh Mehta and Ramkrishnan Kalyanaraman and
                 Amarjeet Singh",
  title =        "{Road-RFSense}: a Practical {RF} Sensing-Based Road
                 Traffic Estimation System for Developing Regions",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2560189",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "An unprecedented rate of growth in the number of
                 vehicles has resulted in acute road congestion problems
                 worldwide, especially in many developing countries. In
                 this article, we present Road-RFSense, a practical RF
                 sensing--based road traffic estimation system for
                 developing regions. Our first contribution is a new
                 mechanism to sense road occupancy, based on variation
                 in RF link characteristics, when line of sight between
                 a transmitter-receiver pair is obstructed. We design
                 algorithms to classify traffic states into two classes,
                 free-flow versus congested, at timescales of 20 seconds
                 with greater than 90\% accuracy. We also present a
                 traffic queue length measurement system, where a
                 network of RF sensors can correlate the traffic state
                 classification decisions of individual sensors and
                 detect traffic queue length in real time. Deployment of
                 our system on a Mumbai road gives correct estimates,
                 validated against 9 hours of image-based ground truth.
                 Our third contribution is a large-scale data-driven
                 study, in collaboration with city traffic authorities,
                 to answer questions regarding road-specific
                 classification model training. Finally, we explore
                 multilevel classification into seven different traffic
                 states using a larger set of RF-based features and
                 careful choice of classification algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Anagnostopoulos:2014:APC,
  author =       "Christos Anagnostopoulos and Stathes
                 Hadjiefthymiades",
  title =        "Advanced Principal Component-Based Compression Schemes
                 for Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629330",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "This article proposes two models that improve the
                 Principal Component-based Context Compression (PC3)
                 model for contextual information forwarding among
                 sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The
                 proposed models (referred to as iPC3 and oPC3) address
                 issues associated with the control of multivariate
                 contextual information transmission in a stationary
                 WSN. Because WSN nodes are typically battery equipped,
                 the primary design goal of the models is to optimize
                 the amount of energy used for data transmission while
                 retaining data accuracy at high levels. The proposed
                 energy conservation techniques and algorithms are based
                 on incremental principal component analysis and optimal
                 stopping theory. iPC3 and oPC3 models are presented and
                 compared with PC3 and other models found in the
                 literature through simulations. The proposed models
                 manage to extend the lifetime of a WSN application by
                 improving energy efficiency within WSN.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wu:2014:DPF,
  author =       "Xiuchao Wu and Kenneth N. Brown and Cormac J.
                 Sreenan",
  title =        "Data Pre-Forwarding for Opportunistic Data Collection
                 in Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629369",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Opportunistic data collection in wireless sensor
                 networks uses passing smartphones to collect data from
                 sensor nodes, thus avoiding the cost of multiple static
                 sink nodes. Based on the observed mobility patterns of
                 smartphone users, sensor data should be preforwarded to
                 the nodes that are visited more frequently with the aim
                 of improving network throughput. In this article, we
                 construct a formal network model and an associated
                 theoretical optimization problem to maximize the
                 throughput subject to energy constraints of sensor
                 nodes. Since a centralized controller is not available
                 in opportunistic data collection, data pre-forwarding
                 (DPF) must operate as a distributed mechanism in which
                 each node decides when and where to forward data based
                 on local information. Hence, we develop a simple
                 distributed DPF mechanism with two heuristic
                 algorithms, implement this proposal in Contiki-OS, and
                 evaluate it thoroughly. We demonstrate empirically, in
                 simulations, that our approach is close to the optimal
                 solution obtained by a centralized algorithm. We also
                 demonstrate that this approach performs well in
                 scenarios based on real mobility traces of smartphone
                 users. Finally, we evaluate our proposal on a small
                 laboratory testbed, demonstrating that the distributed
                 DPF mechanism with heuristic algorithms performs as
                 predicted by simulations, and thus that it is a viable
                 technique for opportunistic data collection through
                 smartphones.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Yang:2014:DOL,
  author =       "Shusen Yang and Julie A. Mccann",
  title =        "Distributed Optimal Lexicographic Max-Min Rate
                 Allocation in Solar-Powered Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2630882",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Understanding the optimal usage of fluctuating
                 renewable energy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is
                 complex. Lexicographic max-min (LM) rate allocation is
                 a good solution but is nontrivial for multihop WSNs, as
                 both fairness and sensing rates have to be optimized
                 through the exploration of all possible forwarding
                 routes in the network. All current optimal approaches
                 to this problem are centralized and offline, suffering
                 from low scalability and large computational
                 complexity-typically solving O( N$^2$ ) linear
                 programming problems for N -node WSNs. This article
                 presents the first optimal distributed solution to this
                 problem with much lower complexity. We apply it to
                 solar-powered wireless sensor networks (SP-WSNs) to
                 achieve both LM optimality and sustainable operation.
                 Based on realistic models of both time-varying solar
                 power and photovoltaic-battery hardware, we propose an
                 optimization framework that integrates a local power
                 management algorithm with a global distributed LM rate
                 allocation scheme. The optimality, convergence, and
                 efficiency of our approaches are formally proven. We
                 also evaluate our algorithms via experiments on both
                 solar-powered MICAz motes and extensive simulations
                 using real solar energy data and practical power
                 parameter settings. The results verify our theoretical
                 analysis and demonstrate how our approach outperforms
                 both the state-of-the-art centralized optimal and
                 distributed heuristic solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Shan:2014:BML,
  author =       "Mengfan Shan and Guihai Chen and Dijun Luo and Xiaojun
                 Zhu and Xiaobing Wu",
  title =        "Building Maximum Lifetime Shortest Path Data
                 Aggregation Trees in Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629662",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "In wireless sensor networks, the spanning tree is
                 usually used as a routing structure to collect data. In
                 some situations, nodes do in-network aggregation to
                 reduce transmissions, save energy, and maximize network
                 lifetime. Because of the restricted energy of sensor
                 nodes, how to build an aggregation tree of maximum
                 lifetime is an important issue. It has been proved to
                 be NP-complete in previous works. As shortest path
                 spanning trees intuitively have short delay, it is
                 imperative to find an energy-efficient shortest path
                 tree for time-critical applications. In this article,
                 we first study the problem of building maximum lifetime
                 shortest path aggregation trees in wireless sensor
                 networks. We show that when restricted to shortest path
                 trees, building maximum lifetime aggregation trees can
                 be solved in polynomial time. We present a centralized
                 algorithm and design a distributed protocol for
                 building such trees. Simulation results show that our
                 approaches greatly improve the lifetime of the network
                 and are very effective compared to other solutions. We
                 extend our discussion to networks without aggregation
                 and present interesting results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Barenboim:2014:DEO,
  author =       "Leonid Barenboim and Shlomi Dolev and Rafail
                 Ostrovsky",
  title =        "Deterministic and Energy-Optimal Wireless
                 Synchronization",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629493",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider the problem of clock synchronization in a
                 wireless setting where processors must minimize the
                 number of times their radios are used to save energy.
                 Energy efficiency is a central goal in wireless
                 networks, especially if energy resources are severely
                 limited, as occurs in sensor and ad hoc networks, and
                 in many other settings. The problem of clock
                 synchronization is fundamental and intensively studied
                 in the field of distributed algorithms. In the current
                 setting, the problem is to synchronize clocks of m
                 processors that wake up in arbitrary time points, such
                 that the maximum difference between wake-up times is
                 bounded by a positive integer $n$. (Time intervals are
                 appropriately discretized to allow communication of all
                 processors that are awake in the same discrete time
                 unit.) Currently, the best-known results for
                 synchronization for single-hop networks of m processors
                 is a randomized algorithm due to Bradonjic et al.
                 [2009] of $ O(\sqrt n / m \cdot \polylog (n)) $ radio
                 use times per processor, and a lower bound of $ \Omega
                 (\sqrt n / m)$. The main open question left in their
                 work is to close the poly-log gap between the upper and
                 the lower bound, and to derandomize their probabilistic
                 construction and eliminate error probability. This is
                 exactly what we do in this article. That is, we show a
                 deterministic algorithm with radio use of $ \Theta
                 (\sqrt n / m) $, which exactly matches the lower bound
                 proven in Bradonjic et al. [2009] to a small
                 multiplicative constant. Therefore, our algorithm is
                 optimal in terms of energy efficiency and completely
                 resolves a long sequence of works in this area
                 [Bradonjic et al. 2009; Moscribroda et al. 2006;
                 McGlynn and Borbash 2001; Polastre et al. 2004].
                 Moreover, our algorithm is optimal in terms of running
                 time as well. To achieve these results, we devise a
                 novel adaptive technique that determines the times when
                 devices power their radios on and off. This technique
                 may be of independent interest. In addition, we prove
                 several lower bounds on the energy efficiency of
                 algorithms for multihop networks. Specifically, we show
                 that any algorithm for multihop networks must have
                 radio use of $ \Omega (\sqrt n) $ per processor. Our
                 lower bounds hold even for specific kinds of networks,
                 such as networks modeled by unit disk graphs and highly
                 connected graphs. Our results imply that the simple
                 deterministic algorithm devised for two-processor
                 networks in Bradonjic et al. [2009] with efficiency $ O
                 (\sqrt n) $ can be used in multihop networks, and it is
                 the most efficient solution in terms of energy use.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Fan:2014:BCS,
  author =       "Haosheng Fan and Minming Li and Xianwei Sun and
                 Peng-Jun Wan and Yingchao Zhao",
  title =        "Barrier Coverage by Sensors with Adjustable Ranges",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14:1--14:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629518",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the most fundamental tasks of wireless sensor
                 networks is to provide coverage of the deployment
                 region. We study the coverage of a line interval with a
                 set of wireless sensors with adjustable coverage
                 ranges. Each coverage range of a sensor is an interval
                 centered at that sensor whose length is decided by the
                 power the sensor chooses. The objective is to find a
                 range assignment with the minimum cost. There are two
                 variants of the optimization problem. In the discrete
                 variant, each sensor can only choose from a finite set
                 of powers, whereas in the continuous variant, each
                 sensor can choose power from a given interval. For the
                 discrete variant of the problem, a polynomial-time
                 exact algorithm is designed. For the continuous variant
                 of the problem, NP-hardness of the problem is proved
                 and followed by an ILP formulation. Then,
                 constant-approximation algorithms are designed when the
                 cost for all sensors is proportional to $ r^\kappa $
                 for some constant $ \kappa \geq 1 $, where $r$ is the
                 covering radius corresponding to the chosen power.
                 Specifically, if $ \kappa = 1$, we give a
                 1.25-approximation algorithm and a fully
                 polynomial-time approximation scheme; if $ \kappa > 1$,
                 we give a 2-approximation algorithm. We also show that
                 the approximation analyses are tight.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "14",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Zordan:2014:PLC,
  author =       "Davide Zordan and Borja Martinez and Ignasi Vilajosana
                 and Michele Rossi",
  title =        "On the Performance of Lossy Compression Schemes for
                 Energy Constrained Sensor Networking",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629660",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/datacompression.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Lossy temporal compression is key for
                 energy-constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs),
                 where the imperfect reconstruction of the signal is
                 often acceptable at the data collector, subject to some
                 maximum error tolerance. In this article, we evaluate a
                 number of selected lossy compression methods from the
                 literature and extensively analyze their performance in
                 terms of compression efficiency, computational
                 complexity, and energy consumption. Specifically, we
                 first carry out a performance evaluation of existing
                 and new compression schemes, considering linear,
                 autoregressive, FFT-\slash DCT- and wavelet-based
                 models, by looking at their performance as a function
                 of relevant signal statistics. Second, we obtain
                 formulas through numerical fittings to gauge their
                 overall energy consumption and signal representation
                 accuracy. Third, we evaluate the benefits that lossy
                 compression methods bring about in interference-limited
                 multihop networks, where the channel access is a source
                 of inefficiency due to collisions and transmission
                 scheduling. Our results reveal that the DCT-based
                 schemes are the best option in terms of compression
                 efficiency but are inefficient in terms of energy
                 consumption. Instead, linear methods lead to
                 substantial savings in terms of energy expenditure by,
                 at the same time, leading to satisfactory compression
                 ratios, reduced network delay, and increased
                 reliability performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Karvonen:2014:CLO,
  author =       "Heikki Karvonen and Carlos Pomalaza-R{\'a}ez and Matti
                 H{\"a}m{\"a}l{\"a}inen",
  title =        "A Cross-Layer Optimization Approach for Lower Layers
                 of the Protocol Stack in Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2590810",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A cross-layer optimization approach for the physical
                 and medium access control layers of wireless sensor
                 networks is introduced in this article. This approach
                 includes a Markov chain model, simulations, and
                 analytical derivations that are applied to the analysis
                 of sensor networks using impulse radio ultra-wideband
                 signals with noncoherent energy detection. This type of
                 communication system has low-power transmission
                 requirements and noise like signal characteristics with
                 low interference to other wireless systems. The energy
                 efficiency of different Reed--Solomon code rates and
                 uncoded case are studied in a star topology network,
                 where slotted Aloha, as defined in the IEEE 802.15.4a
                 standard, is used as the medium access protocol.
                 Analytical and simulation results clearly show the
                 potential energy gains that can be achieved with the
                 proposed optimization approach that can be also used in
                 the evaluation and optimization of other combinations
                 of physical and medium access control protocols.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Won:2014:LSG,
  author =       "Myounggyu Won and Radu Stoleru",
  title =        "A Low-Stretch-Guaranteed and Lightweight Geographic
                 Routing Protocol for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor
                 Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18:1--18:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629659",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Geographic routing is well suited for large-scale
                 wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because it is nearly
                 stateless. One important challenge is that network
                 holes may arbitrarily increase the routing path length.
                 Fortunately, recent studies have shown that constant
                 path stretch is achievable using nonlocal information.
                 The constant stretch, however, is possible at the cost
                 of high communication and storage overhead: a source
                 node must complete a ``path-setup'' process prior to
                 data transmission by exchanging a message with a
                 destination node using a default geographic routing
                 (e.g., GPSR). In this article, we propose the first
                 geographic routing protocol (LVGR) that provably
                 achieves worst-case stretch of $ \Theta (D / \gamma) $
                 (where $D$ is the diameter of the network and $ \gamma
                 $ is the communication range of nodes) with low
                 communication and storage overhead. LVGR represents a
                 hole as a convex hull, the internal structure of which
                 is represented as a local visibility graph. Based on
                 the convex hulls and local visibility graphs, LVGR
                 generates paths with guaranteed stretch. Through
                 theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we
                 prove the worst-case stretch of LVGR and demonstrate
                 that LVGR reduces communication overhead by up to 97\%
                 and storage overhead by up to 60\%, compared with the
                 state of the art.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Lu:2014:SBH,
  author =       "Jiakang Lu and Yamina Taskin Shams and Kamin
                 Whitehouse",
  title =        "Smart Blueprints: How Simple Sensors Can
                 Collaboratively Map Out Their Own Locations in the
                 Home",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629441",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Off-the-shelf home automation technology is making it
                 easier than ever for people to convert their own homes
                 into smart homes. However, manual configuration is
                 tedious and error-prone. In this article, we present
                 and compare a family of solutions that automatically
                 generate a map of the home and the devices within it
                 using data from the smart home sensors themselves
                 (e.g., light and motion sensors). These solutions can
                 be used to automatically configure home automation
                 systems or to automatically produce an intuitive
                 map-like interface for visualizing sensor data and
                 interacting with controllers. We call our approach
                 Smart Blueprints because it automatically maps out the
                 unique configuration of each smart home. We demonstrate
                 the Smart Blueprints using a variety of sensor
                 combinations, including light sensors, motion sensors,
                 and magnetometers deployed on the doors and/or windows
                 of the home. For evaluation of each combination on
                 sensor-map generation, we deployed more than 200
                 sensors in seven different houses at different
                 locations and compared the ability to use a variety of
                 techniques to map out the configuration. We show that,
                 in almost all houses, our system can automatically
                 narrow the configuration down to 1--5 candidates per
                 home using only one week of collected data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Dezfouli:2014:CEM,
  author =       "Behnam Dezfouli and Marjan Radi and Kamin Whitehouse
                 and Shukor Abd Razak and Hwee-Pink Tan",
  title =        "{CAMA}: Efficient Modeling of the Capture Effect for
                 Low-Power Wireless Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629352",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 26 18:16:52 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Network simulation is an essential tool for the design
                 and evaluation of wireless network protocols, and
                 realistic channel modeling is essential for meaningful
                 analysis. Recently, several network protocols have
                 demonstrated substantial network performance
                 improvements by exploiting the capture effect, but
                 existing models of the capture effect are still not
                 adequate for protocol simulation and analysis.
                 Physical-level models that calculate the
                 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for
                 every incoming bit are too slow to be used for
                 large-scale or long-term networking experiments, and
                 link-level models such as those currently used by the
                 NS2 simulator do not accurately predict protocol
                 performance. In this article, we propose a new
                 technique called the capture modeling algorithm (CAMA)
                 that provides the simulation fidelity of physical-level
                 models while achieving the simulation time of
                 link-level models. We confirm the validity of CAMA
                 through comparison with the empirical traces of the
                 experiments conducted by various numbers of CC1000 and
                 CC2420-based nodes in different scenarios. Our results
                 indicate that CAMA can accurately predict the packet
                 reception, corruption, and collision detection rates of
                 real radios, while existing models currently used by
                 the NS2 simulator produce substantial prediction
                 error.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Dong:2015:ORC,
  author =       "Wei Dong and Chun Chen and Jiajun Bu and Wen Liu",
  title =        "Optimizing Relocatable Code for Efficient Software
                 Update in Networked Embedded Systems",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629479",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent advances in Microelectronic Mechanical Systems
                 (MEMS) and wireless communication technologies have
                 fostered the rapid development of networked embedded
                 systems like wireless sensor networks. System software
                 for these self-organizing systems often needs to be
                 updated for a variety of reasons. We present a holistic
                 software update (i.e., reprogramming) system called R3
                 for networked embedded systems. R3 has two salient
                 features. First, the binary differencing algorithm
                 within R3 (R3diff) ensures an optimal result in terms
                 of the delta size under a configurable cost measure.
                 Second, the similarity preserving method within R3
                 (R3sim) optimizes the binary code format for achieving
                 a large similarity with a small metadata overhead.
                 Overall, R3 achieves the smallest delta size compared
                 with other software update approaches such as Stream,
                 Rsync, RMTD, Zephyr, Hermes, and R2 (e.g., 50\%--99\%
                 reduction compared to Stream and about 20\%--40\%
                 reduction compared to R2). R3's implementation on
                 TelosB/TinyOS is lightweight and efficient. We release
                 our code at http://code.google.com/p/r3-dongw.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Basha:2015:NDS,
  author =       "Elizabeth Basha and Raja Jurdak and Daniela Rus",
  title =        "In-Network Distributed Solar Current Prediction",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23:1--23:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629593",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Long-term sensor network deployments demand careful
                 power management. While managing power requires
                 understanding the amount of energy harvestable from the
                 local environment, current solar prediction methods
                 rely only on recent local history, which makes them
                 susceptible to high variability. In this article, we
                 present a model and algorithms for distributed solar
                 current prediction based on multiple linear regression
                 to predict future solar current based on local, in situ
                 climatic and solar measurements. These algorithms
                 leverage spatial information from neighbors and adapt
                 to the changing local conditions not captured by global
                 climatic information. We implement these algorithms on
                 our Fleck platform and run a 7-week-long experiment
                 validating our work. In analyzing our results from this
                 experiment, we determined that computing our model
                 requires an increased energy expenditure of 4.5mJ over
                 simpler models (on the order of 10$^{-7}$ \% of the
                 harvested energy) to gain a prediction improvement of
                 39.7\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Song:2015:ETP,
  author =       "Wen-Zhan Song and Mingsen Xu and Debraj De and
                 Deukhyoun Heo and Jong-Hoon Kim and Byeong-Sam Kim",
  title =        "{ECPC}: Toward Preserving Downtime Data Persistence in
                 Disruptive Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629584",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Sensor networks have particularly important
                 applications in challenging environments. However,
                 those challenging environments also pose significant
                 challenges to network sustainability and reliability.
                 In such environments, the network often becomes
                 disruptive and even unavailable during downtime. This
                 results in undesired loss of valuable spatial-temporal
                 sensor data. Data persistence can be achieved by using
                 in-situ encoding and caching of data through
                 distributed mechanisms. However, the existing methods
                 in the literature are mainly based on network random
                 walks, which not only incur significant communication
                 overhead, but also are prone to network or node
                 failures. In this article, we present ECPC, a
                 distributed E rasure C oding with randomized P ower C
                 ontrol protocol for preserving data in disruptive
                 sensor networks. ECPC only requires each sensor node to
                 perform several rounds of broadcast in its neighborhood
                 at some randomly chosen radio transmission power
                 levels, and thus it incurs low communication overhead.
                 We proved that ECPC achieves the expected code degree
                 distribution and pseudo-global randomness of erasure
                 coding principles. We have also evaluated the
                 performance of ECPC by comparing it with several key
                 related approaches in the literature (such as EDFC and
                 RCDS). The performance comparisons validate that our
                 proposed ECPC protocol can reach higher data
                 reliability under varying node failure probabilities.
                 In addition, ECPC protocol is also shown to be scalable
                 with different network sizes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Iwanicki:2015:BMU,
  author =       "Konrad Iwanicki and Przemyslaw Horban and Piotr Glazar
                 and Karol Strzelecki",
  title =        "Bringing Modern Unit Testing Techniques to
                 Sensornets",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629422",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "Unit testing, an important facet of software quality
                 assurance, is underappreciated by wireless sensor
                 network (sensornet) developers. This is likely because
                 our tools lag behind the rest of the computing field.
                 As a remedy, we present a new framework that enables
                 modern unit testing techniques in sensornets. Although
                 the framework takes a holistic approach to unit
                 testing, its novelty lies mainly in two aspects. First,
                 to boost test development, it introduces embedded mock
                 modules that automatically abstract out dependencies of
                 tested code. Second, to automate test assessment, it
                 provides embedded code coverage tools that identify
                 untested control flow paths in the code. We demonstrate
                 that in sensornets these features pose unique problems,
                 solving which requires dedicated support from the
                 compiler and operating system. However, the solutions
                 have the potential to offer substantial benefits. In
                 particular, they reduce the unit test development
                 effort by a few factors compared to existing solutions.
                 At the same time, they facilitate obtaining full code
                 coverage, compared to merely 57--72\% that can be
                 achieved with integration tests. They also allow for
                 intercepting and reporting many classes of runtime
                 failures, thereby simplifying the diagnosis of software
                 flaws. Finally, they enable fine-grained management of
                 the quality of sensornet software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Wu:2015:SSM,
  author =       "Xiaopei Wu and Qingsi Wang and Mingyan Liu",
  title =        "In-situ Soil Moisture Sensing: Measurement Scheduling
                 and Estimation Using Sparse Sampling",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629439",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider the problem of monitoring soil moisture
                 evolution using a wireless network of in-situ
                 underground sensors. To reduce cost and prolong
                 lifetime, it is highly desirable to rely on fewer
                 measurements and estimate with higher accuracy the
                 original signal (the temporal evolution of soil
                 moisture). In this article, we explore the use of
                 results from the theory of sparse sampling, including
                 Compressive Sensing (CS) and Matrix Completion (MC), in
                 this application context. We first consider the problem
                 of reconstructing the soil moisture process at a single
                 location using CS. Our physical constraint leads to
                 very sparse measurement matrices, which makes finding a
                 suitable representation basis very challenging: it
                 needs to make the underlying signal sufficiently sparse
                 while at the same time being sufficiently incoherent
                 with the measurement matrix, two common preconditions
                 for CS techniques to work well. We construct a
                 representation basis by exploiting unique features of
                 soil moisture evolution and show that this basis
                 attains a very good tradeoff between its ability to
                 sparsify the signal and its incoherence with
                 measurement matrices that are consistent with our
                 physical constraints. We next consider the problem of
                 jointly reconstructing soil moisture processes at
                 multiple locations, assuming sparse measurements can be
                 taken at each location. We show that the spatial soil
                 moisture process enjoys a low-rank property, a priority
                 for MC. Accordingly, we introduce a spatiotemporal
                 measurement matrix and apply the MC framework to
                 reconstruct the soil moisture field. Extensive
                 numerical evaluation is performed on both real,
                 high-resolution soil moisture data and simulated data
                 and through comparison with a closed-loop scheduling
                 approach. Our results demonstrate that, for a single
                 location, a uniform measurement scheduling followed by
                 CS recovery results in a very nice tradeoff between
                 estimation accuracy, sampling rate, flexibility, and
                 feasibility in implementation. When multiple locations
                 are available, our results show that joint
                 reconstruction using MC in general produces better
                 estimation accuracy than using a single location alone,
                 but it requires the use of independent and random
                 measurement schedules across locations. We also show
                 that these sparse sampling techniques can be augmented
                 so as to be robust against sporadic data
                 outliers/corruption caused by, for example,
                 intermittent sensor faults.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Panigrahi:2015:ESN,
  author =       "Trilochan Panigrahi and Ganapati Panda and Bernard
                 Mulgrew",
  title =        "Error Saturation Nonlinearities for Robust Incremental
                 {LMS} over Wireless Sensor Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2629667",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The data collected by sensor nodes over a geographical
                 region is contaminated with Gaussian and impulsive
                 noise. The conventional gradient-based distributed
                 adaptive estimation algorithms exhibit good performance
                 in the presence of Gaussian noise but perform poorly in
                 impulsive noise environments. Therefore, the objective
                 of this article is to propose a robust distributed
                 adaptive algorithm that alleviates the effect of
                 impulsive noise. An error saturation nonlinearity-based
                 robust distributed strategy is proposed in an
                 incremental cooperative network to estimate the desired
                 parameters in impulsive noise. The steady-state
                 analysis of the proposed error saturation nonlinearity
                 incremental least mean squares (SNILMS) algorithm is
                 carried out by employing the spatial-temporal energy
                 conservation principle. Both theoretical and simulation
                 results show that the presence of the error
                 nonlinearity has made the proposed SNILMS algorithm
                 robust to impulsive noise.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Li:2015:IGS,
  author =       "Mo Li and Pengfei Zhou and Yuanqing Zheng and
                 Zhenjiang Li and Guobin Shen",
  title =        "{IODetector}: a Generic Service for Indoor\slash
                 Outdoor Detection",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2659466",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "The location and context switching, especially the
                 indoor/outdoor switching, provides essential and
                 primitive information for upper-layer mobile
                 applications. In this article, we present IODetector: a
                 lightweight sensing service that runs on the mobile
                 phone and detects the indoor/outdoor environment in a
                 fast, accurate, and efficient manner. Constrained by
                 the energy budget, IODetector primarily leverages
                 lightweight sensing resources, such as light sensors,
                 magnetism sensors, and cell tower signals. For
                 universal applicability, IODetector assumes no prior
                 knowledge (e.g., fingerprints) of the environment and
                 uses only on-board sensors common to mainstream mobile
                 phones. Being a generic and lightweight service
                 component, IODetector greatly benefits many
                 location-based and context-aware applications. We
                 prototype the IODetector on Android mobile phones and
                 evaluate the system comprehensively with data collected
                 from 34 traces that include 133 different places during
                 a 6-week period, employing different phone models. We
                 further perform a case study where we make use of
                 IODetector to instantly infer the GPS availability and
                 localization accuracy in different indoor/outdoor
                 environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Klonowski:2015:MRD,
  author =       "Marek Klonowski and Miroslaw Kutylowski and Michal Ren
                 and Katarzyna Rybarczyk",
  title =        "Mixing in Random Digraphs with Application to the
                 Forward-Secure Key Evolution in Wireless Sensor
                 Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2637482",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 12:36:14 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib",
  abstract =     "A key distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks
                 based on a system of dynamic, pairwise keys is
                 considered. In the scheme, each pair of communicating
                 nodes shares pairwise symmetric keys and changes them
                 at every transmission using a set of hashing functions.
                 This article examines security aspects of the protocol.
                 The most important issue is to ensure that it is
                 infeasible for an adversary to restrict exhaustive key
                 search to a subset of the keyspace. This desirable
                 property holds if, after a small number of random key
                 transitions, the distribution of keys among the nodes
                 is close to uniform. The article provides a rigorous
                 mathematical analysis of the distribution of keys and
                 supplements it with experimental results. The p