%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Paul Calamai and Luis Vicente",
%%%     version         = "1.05",
%%%     date            = "25 November 2011",
%%%     time            = "16:03:52 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "multilevel-prog.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Waterloo
%%%                        Systems Design Engineering
%%%                        200 University Ave. W
%%%                        Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1
%%%                        Canada",
%%%     telephone       = "(519) 885-1211 x3182",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 519 746 4791",
%%%     URL             = "http://dial.uwaterloo.ca/~phcalama",
%%%     checksum        = "60296 2344 8010 85687",
%%%     email           = "phcalama at dial.uwaterloo.ca,
%%%                        lvicente at caam.rice.edu (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "Optimization, Location Theory, Bilevel
%%%                        Programming, Resource Management, Static
%%%                        Stackelberg Problems",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a bibliography of publications
%%%                        about bilevel and multilevel programming
%%%                        and Stackelberg problems when considered as
%%%                        optimization problems -- usually called
%%%                        static Stackelberg problems.
%%%
%%%                        We have selected contributions in this area
%%%                        that deal with theory issues (properties,
%%%                        existence of solution, optimality
%%%                        conditions and so on), algorithms and
%%%                        numerical results, software and generation
%%%                        of test problems, applications and
%%%                        complexity issues.
%%%
%%%                        References to be cited should be books,
%%%                        articles published in journals or special
%%%                        volumes and technical reports that are
%%%                        available to the broad research community.
%%%                        Conferences and seminar abstracts are not
%%%                        included.
%%%
%%%                        An older version of this bibliography has
%%%                        been published; see entry Vicente:1994:BMP.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.05, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1952 (   1)    1967 (   0)    1982 (   8)
%%%                             1953 (   0)    1968 (   0)    1983 (   8)
%%%                             1954 (   0)    1969 (   0)    1984 (   7)
%%%                             1955 (   0)    1970 (   1)    1985 (   8)
%%%                             1956 (   0)    1971 (   1)    1986 (   4)
%%%                             1957 (   0)    1972 (   0)    1987 (   4)
%%%                             1958 (   0)    1973 (   1)    1988 (  15)
%%%                             1959 (   0)    1974 (   3)    1989 (  11)
%%%                             1960 (   0)    1975 (   0)    1990 (  18)
%%%                             1961 (   0)    1976 (   0)    1991 (  10)
%%%                             1962 (   0)    1977 (   4)    1992 (  28)
%%%                             1963 (   0)    1978 (   3)    1993 (  17)
%%%                             1964 (   0)    1979 (   1)    1994 (  14)
%%%                             1965 (   0)    1980 (   3)    1995 (   8)
%%%                             1966 (   0)    1981 (   7)    1996 (   1)
%%%                             19xx (   1)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        116
%%%                             Book:             4
%%%                             InBook:           2
%%%                             InCollection:     8
%%%                             InProceedings:   13
%%%                             MastersThesis:    3
%%%                             PhdThesis:       10
%%%                             TechReport:      30
%%%                             Unpublished:      1
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  187
%%%
%%%                        This file is available as part of the BibNet
%%%                        Project.  The master copy is available for
%%%                        public access on ftp.math.utah.edu in the
%%%                        directory tree /pub/bibnet/authors.  It is
%%%                        mirrored to netlib.bell-labs.com in the directory
%%%                        tree /netlib/bibnet/authors, from which it is
%%%                        available via anonymous ftp and the Netlib
%%%                        service.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

@String{inst-arizona-ie         = "University of Arizona, Systems and
                                  Industrial Engineering Department"}

@String{inst-bayreuth           = "University of Bayreuth"}

@String{inst-coimbra-math       = "University of Coimbra, Department of
                                  Mathematics"}

@String{inst-crt                = "Centre de Recherche sur les Transports"}

@String{inst-gw                 = "George Washington University"}

@String{inst-lanl               = "Los Alamos National Laboratory"}

@String{inst-lit-math           = "Link{\"o}ping Institute of Technology,
                                   Department of Mathematics"}

@String{inst-lit-math:adr       = "Sweden"}

@String{inst-montreal           = "Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al, {\'E}cole
                                   Polytechnique"}

@String{inst-rice-cam           = "Rice University, Department of Computational
                                  and Applied Mathematics"}

@String{inst-rpi-ors            = "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
                                  Department of Operations Research
                                  and Statistics"}

@String{inst-suny-ie            = "State University of New York at Buffalo,
                                  Department of Industrial Engineering"}

@String{inst-suny-or            = "State University of New York at Buffalo,
                                  Operations Research Program"}

@String{inst-texas-mecheng      = "University of Texas at Austin, Department
                                  of Mechanical Engineering"}

@String{inst-uiuc               = "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"}

@String{inst-vic-mathstat       = "University of Victoria, Department of
                                  Mathematics and Statistics"}

@String{inst-waterloo-syde      = "University of Waterloo, Department of
                                  Systems Design Engineering"}

@String{inst-wb-drc             = "World Bank Development Research Center"}

@String{inst-wb-drc:adr         = "Washington D.C."}

@String{j-acm-toms              = "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

@String{j-amer-agr-econ         = "American Journal of Agricultural Economics"}

@String{j-annals-op-res         = "Annals of Operations Research"}

@String{j-annals-reg-sci        = "Annals of Regional Science"}

@String{j-chinese-eng           = "Journal of Chinese Institute of Engineers"}

@String{j-coll-algor-acm        = "Collected Algorithms from ACM"}

@String{j-comp-chem-eng         = "Computers \& Chemical Engineering"}

@String{j-comp-op-res           = "Computers and Operations Research"}

@String{j-euro-op-res           = "European Journal of Operational Research"}

@String{j-glob-opt              = "Journal of Global Optimization"}

@String{j-ieee-ctrl             = "{IEEE} Transactions on Automatic Control"}

@String{j-ieee-smc              = "{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man, and
                                  Cybernetics"}

@String{j-infor                 = "{INFOR}"}

@String{j-int-sys-sci           = "International Journal of Systems Science"}

@String{j-inv-op                = "Investiga{\c c}{\~a}o Operacional"}

@String{j-J-GLOBAL-OPT          = "Journal of Global Optimization"}

@String{j-J-OPT-THEORY-APPL     = "Journal of Optimization Theory and
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-jota                  = "Journal of Optimization Theory and
                                  Applications"}

@String{j-man-sci               = "Management Science"}

@String{j-math-op-res           = "Mathematics of Operations Research"}

@String{j-math-prog             = "Mathematical Programming"}

@String{j-math-prog-stdy        = "Mathematical Programming Study"}

@String{j-nrl                   =  "Naval Research Logistics"}

@String{j-nrlq                  = "Naval Research Logistics Quarterly"}

@String{j-omega                 = "{OMEGA}"}

@String{j-op                    =   "Optimization"}

@String{j-op-res                = "Operations Research"}

@String{j-op-res-soc            = "Journal of the Operational Research
                                  Society"}

@String{j-or-let                = "Operations Research Letters"}

@String{j-r-math                = "Richerche di Matematica"}

@String{j-res-op                = "Recherche op{\'e}rationelle\slash
                                  Operations Research"}

@String{j-rev-tun               = "Revue Tunisienne d'{\'E}conomie et
                                  de Gestion"}

@String{j-siam-control-opt      = "{SIAM} Journal on Control and
                                  Optimization"}

@String{j-siam-opt              = "{SIAM} Journal on Optimization"}

@String{j-siam-ssc              = "{SIAM} Journal on Scientific and Statistical
                                  Computing"}

@String{j-transport-res         = "Transportation Research"}

@String{j-transport-sci         = "Transportation Science"}

@String{j-zor-math-methods-or   = "{ZOR} - Mathematical Methods of
                                  Operations Research"}

@String{j-zor-methods-models-or = "{ZOR} - Methods and Models of
                                  Operations Research"}

@String{pub-acad-pr             = "Academic Press"}

% A.P.'s address could also be this:
%                               = "Orlando, San Diego, New York,
%                                  Austin, Boston, London,
%                                  Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto"
% or                               "Boston, MA, USA"
@String{pub-acad-pr:adr         = "New York"}

@String{pub-birkhauser          = "Birkh{\"a}user Verlag"}

@String{pub-birkhauser:adr      = "Basel"}

@String{pub-cup                 = "Cambridge University Press"}

% CUP's address could also be this:
%                               = "Cambridge, New York, New Rochelle,
%                                 Melbourne, Sydney"}
% or just `New York'.
@String{pub-cup:adr             = "Cambridge, U.K."}

@String{pub-kluwer              = "Kluwer Academic Publishers Group"}

@String{pub-kluwer:adr          = "Dordrecht, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-n-holland           = "North Holland-Elsevier Science Publishers"}

@String{pub-n-holland:adr       = "Amsterdam, New York, Oxford"}

@String{pub-oxford              = "Oxford University Press"}

@String{pub-oxford:adr          = "New York, Oxford"}

@String{pub-siam                = "SIAM Publ."}

@String{pub-siam:adr            = "Philadelphia"}

@String{pub-springer            = "Springer-Verlag"}

% S-V's address could also be this:
%                               = "Berlin, Heidelberg, New York,
%                                 London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong"}
@String{pub-springer:adr        = "Berlin"}

@String{pub-wiley               = "John Wiley \& Sons"}

@String{pub-wiley:adr           = "New York, London, Sydney"}

@Book{Stackelberg:1952:TME,
  author =       "H. Stackelberg",
  title =        "The theory of the market economy",
  publisher =    pub-oxford,
  address =      pub-oxford:adr,
  year =         "1952",
  LCCN =         "HD35 .S73 1952",
  pages =        "328",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:00:01 1995",
}

@Book{Mesanovic:1970:THM,
  author =       "M. Mesanovic and D. Macko and Y. Takahara",
  title =        "Theory of hierarchical, multilevel systems",
  publisher =    pub-acad-pr,
  address =      pub-acad-pr:adr,
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "QA3 .M286 v.68, T57.6 .M47",
  pages =        "xiii + 294",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 12:59:59 1995",
}

@Article{Cassidy:1971:EDR,
  author =       "R. Cassidy and M. Kirby and W. Raike",
  title =        "Efficient distribution of resources through three
                 levels of government",
  journal =      j-man-sci,
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "462--473",
  year =         "1971",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bracken:1973:MPO,
  author =       "J. Bracken and J. McGill",
  title =        "Mathematical programs with optimization problems in
                 the constraints",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "37--44",
  year =         "1973",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bracken:1974:DAM,
  author =       "J. Bracken and J. McGill",
  title =        "Defense applications of mathematical programs with
                 optimization problems in the constraints",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "1086--1096",
  year =         "1974",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bracken:1974:ETM,
  author =       "J. Bracken and J. Falk and J. McGill",
  title =        "Equivalence of two mathematical programs with
                 optimization problems in the constraints",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "1102--1104",
  year =         "1974",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bracken:1974:MSM,
  author =       "J. Bracken and J. McGill",
  title =        "A method for solving mathematical programs with
                 nonlinear programs in the constraints",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "1097--1101",
  year =         "1974",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Candler:1977:MP,
  author =       "W. Candler and R. Norton",
  title =        "Multilevel programming",
  number =       "20",
  institution =  inst-wb-drc,
  address =      inst-wb-drc:adr,
  year =         "1977",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Candler:1977:MPD,
  author =       "W. Candler and R. Norton",
  title =        "Multilevel programming and development policy",
  number =       "258",
  institution =  inst-wb-drc,
  address =      inst-wb-drc:adr,
  year =         "1977",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Gallo:1977:BPE,
  author =       "G. Gallo and A. {\"{U}}lk{\"{u}}c{\"{u}}",
  title =        "Bilinear programming: an exact algorithm",
  journal =      j-math-prog,
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "173--194",
  year =         "1977",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Simaan:1977:SOT,
  author =       "M. Simaan",
  title =        "{Stackelberg optimization of two-level systems}",
  journal =      j-ieee-smc,
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "554--557",
  year =         "1977",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Bialas:1978:MLP,
  author =       "W. Bialas and M. Karwan",
  title =        "Multilevel linear programming",
  number =       "78-1",
  institution =  inst-suny-or,
  year =         "1978",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bracken:1978:PMD,
  author =       "J. Bracken and J. McGill",
  title =        "Production and marketing decisions with multiple
                 objectives in a competitive environment",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "449--458",
  year =         "1978",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{deSilva:1978:SFN,
  author =       "A. deSilva",
  title =        "Sensitivity formulas for nonlinear factorable
                 programming and their application to the solution of an
                 implicitly defined optimization model of {US} crude oil
                 production",
  school =       inst-gw,
  year =         "1978",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Book{Dirickx:1979:SAM,
  author =       "Y. Dirickx and L. Jennegren",
  title =        "Systems analysis by multi-level methods: with
                 applications to economics and management",
  publisher =    pub-wiley,
  address =      pub-wiley:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 217",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "0-471-27626-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-27626-5",
  LCCN =         "HD30.25 .D57",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Bialas:1980:PCP,
  author =       "W. Bialas and M. Karwan and J. Shaw",
  title =        "A parametric complementary pivot approach for
                 two-level linear programming",
  number =       "80-2",
  institution =  inst-suny-or,
  year =         "1980",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@MastersThesis{Schenk:1980:MPM,
  author =       "G. Schenk",
  title =        "A multilevel programming model for determining
                 regional effluent charges",
  school =       inst-suny-ie,
  year =         "1980",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@MastersThesis{Shaw:1980:PCP,
  author =       "J. Shaw",
  title =        "A parametric complementary pivot approach to
                 multilevel programming",
  school =       inst-suny-ie,
  year =         "1980",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Aiyoshi:1981:HDS,
  author =       "E. Aiyoshi and K. Shimizu",
  title =        "Hierarchical decentralized systems and its new
                 solution by a barrier method",
  journal =      j-ieee-smc,
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "444--449",
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Candler:1981:PRM,
  author =       "W. Candler and J. Fortuny-Amat and B. McCarl",
  title =        "The potential role of multilevel programming in
                 agricultural economics",
  journal =      j-amer-agr-econ,
  volume =       "63",
  pages =        "521--531",
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Fortuny-Amat:1981:REI,
  author =       "J. Fortuny-Amat and B. McCarl",
  title =        "A representation and economic interpretation of a
                 two-level programming problem",
  journal =      j-op-res-soc,
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "783--792",
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Parraga:1981:HPA,
  author =       "F. Parraga",
  title =        "Hierarchical programming and applications to economic
                 policy",
  school =       inst-arizona-ie,
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Shimizu:1981:NCM,
  author =       "K. Shimizu and E. Aiyoshi",
  title =        "{A new computational method for Stackelberg and
                 min-max problems by use of a penalty method}",
  journal =      j-ieee-ctrl,
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "460--466",
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Wen:1981:KBA,
  author =       "U. Wen",
  title =        "{The ``Kth-Best'' algorithm for multilevel
                 programming}",
  institution =  "Department of Operations Research, State University of
                 New York at Buffalo.",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:22:46 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Wen:1981:MMM,
  author =       "U. Wen",
  title =        "Mathematical methods for multilevel linear
                 programming",
  school =       inst-suny-ie,
  year =         "1981",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1982:ESM,
  author =       "J. Bard and J. Falk",
  title =        "An explicit solution to the multi-level programming
                 problem",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "77--100",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Bard:1982:GSA,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the American
                 Institute for Decision Science",
  title =        "A grid search algorithm for the linear bilevel
                 programming problem",
  pages =        "256--258",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bialas:1982:TLO,
  author =       "W. Bialas and M. Karwan",
  title =        "On two-level optimization",
  journal =      j-ieee-ctrl,
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "211--214",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bisschop:1982:IBM,
  author =       "J. Bisschop and W. Candler and J. Duloy and G.
                 O'Mara",
  title =        "The indus basin model: a special application of
                 two-level linear programming",
  journal =      j-math-prog-stdy,
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "30--38",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Candler:1982:LTL,
  author =       "W. Candler and R. Townsley",
  title =        "A linear two-level programming problem",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "59--76",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Narula:1982:DPS,
  author =       "S. Narula and A. Nwosu",
  title =        "A dynamic programming solution for the hierarchical
                 linear programming problem",
  number =       "37--82",
  institution =  inst-rpi-ors,
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Papavassilopoulos:1982:ASS,
  author =       "G. Papavassilopoulos",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Conference on Decisions
                 and Control",
  title =        "{Algorithms for static Stackelberg games with linear
                 costs and polyhedral constraints}",
  pages =        "647--652",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InBook{Shimizu:1982:TLD,
  author =       "K. Shimizu",
  title =        "{Two-level decision problems and their new solution
                 methods by a penalty method}",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "IFAC",
  pages =        "1303--1308",
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "Control science and technology for the progress of
                 society",
}

@InCollection{Anandalingam:1983:AIB,
  author =       "G. Anandalingam and R. Mathieu and L. Pittard and N.
                 Sinha",
  editor =       "R. Sharda and B. Golden and E. Wasil and O. Balci and
                 W. Stewart",
  booktitle =    "Impacts of Recent Computer Advances on Operations
                 Research",
  title =        "Artificial intelligence based approaches for solving
                 hierarchical optimization problems",
  publisher =    pub-n-holland,
  address =      pub-n-holland:adr,
  pages =        "289--301",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1983:ASG,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "An algorithm for solving the general bilevel
                 programming problem",
  journal =      j-math-op-res,
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "260--272",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1983:CMO,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "Coordination of a multidivisional organization through
                 two levels of management",
  journal =      j-omega,
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "457--468",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1983:EPA,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "An efficient point algorithm for a linear two-stage
                 optimization problem",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "31",
  pages =        "670--684",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Marcotte:1983:NOC,
  author =       "P. Marcotte",
  title =        "Network optimization with continuous control
                 parameters",
  journal =      j-transport-sci,
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "181--197",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InCollection{Narula:1983:TLH,
  author =       "S. Narula and A. Nwosu",
  editor =       "P. Hansen",
  booktitle =    "Essays and surveys on multiple criteria decision
                 making",
  title =        "Two-level hierarchical programming problems",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "290--299",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Nwosu:1983:PEH,
  author =       "A. Nwosu",
  title =        "Pre-emptive hierarchical programming problem: a
                 decentralized decision model",
  school =       inst-rpi-ors,
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Wen:1983:SPR,
  author =       "U. Wen",
  title =        "A solution procedure for the resource control problem
                 in two-level hierarchical decision processes",
  journal =      j-chinese-eng,
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "91--97",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Aiyoshi:1984:SMS,
  author =       "E. Aiyoshi and K. Shimizu",
  title =        "{A solution method for the static constrained
                 Stackelberg problem via penalty method}",
  journal =      j-ieee-ctrl,
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "1111--1114",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1984:ILT,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "An investigation of the linear three level programming
                 problem",
  journal =      j-ieee-smc,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "711--717",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1984:OCB,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "Optimality conditions for the bilevel programming
                 problem",
  journal =      j-nrlq,
  volume =       "31",
  pages =        "13--26",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bialas:1984:TLL,
  author =       "W. Bialas and M. Karwan",
  title =        "Two-level linear programming",
  journal =      j-man-sci,
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "1004--1020",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Luh:1984:TLS,
  author =       "P. Luh and T.-S. Chang and T. Ning",
  title =        "{Three-level Stackelberg decision problems}",
  journal =      j-ieee-ctrl,
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "280--282",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Sherali:1984:MLS,
  author =       "H. Sherali",
  title =        "{A multiple leader Stackelberg model and analysis}",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "390--404",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Tanino:1984:AST,
  author =       "T. Tanino and T. Ogawa",
  title =        "An algorithm for solving two-level convex optimization
                 problems",
  journal =      j-int-sys-sci,
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "163--174",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Anandalingam:1985:AII,
  author =       "G. Anandalingam",
  booktitle =    "IEEE 1985 Proceedings of the International Conference
                 on Cybernetics and Society",
  title =        "An analysis of information and incentives in bi-level
                 programming",
  pages =        "925--929",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1985:GAD,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "Geometric and algorithm developments for a
                 hierarchical planning problem",
  journal =      j-euro-op-res,
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "372--383",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InCollection{Cellis:1985:TRS,
  author =       "M. Cellis and J. Dennis and R. Tapia",
  editor =       "P. Boggs and R. Byrd and R. Schnabel",
  booktitle =    "Numerical Optimization 1984",
  title =        "A trust region strategy for nonlinear equality
                 constrained optimization",
  type =         "Proceedings",
  publisher =    pub-siam,
  address =      pub-siam:adr,
  pages =        "71--82",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Jeroslow:1985:PHS,
  author =       "R. Jeroslow",
  title =        "The polynomial hierarchy and a simple model for
                 competitive analysis",
  journal =      j-math-prog,
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "146--164",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Kolstad:1985:RLB,
  author =       "C. Kolstad",
  title =        "{A review of the literature on bi-level mathematical
                 programming}",
  number =       "LA-10284-MS, US-32",
  institution =  inst-lanl,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan:1985:ASP,
  author =       "J. Morgan and P. Loridan",
  editor =       "G. Di Pillo",
  booktitle =    "Control application of nonlinear programming and
                 optimization: Proceedings of the Fifth IFAC Workshop,
                 Capri, Italy 11 - 14 June",
  title =        "{Approximation of the Stackelberg problem and
                 applications in control theory}",
  pages =        "121--124",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InCollection{Narula:1985:AST,
  author =       "S. Narula and A. Nwosu",
  editor =       "P. Serafini",
  booktitle =    "Mathematics of multiple-objective programming",
  title =        "An algorithm to solve a two-level resource control
                 pre-emptive hierarchical programming problem",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Shimizu:1985:OCA,
  author =       "K. Shimizu and E. Aiyoshi",
  title =        "Optimality conditions and algorithms for parameter
                 design problems with two-level structure",
  journal =      j-ieee-ctrl,
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "986--993",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Leblanc:1986:BPA,
  author =       "L. Leblanc and D. Boyce",
  title =        "A bilevel programming algorithm for exact solution of
                 the network design problem with user-optimal flows",
  journal =      j-transport-res,
  volume =       "20 B",
  pages =        "259--265",
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Marcotte:1986:NDP,
  author =       "P. Marcotte",
  title =        "Network design problem with congestion effects: a case
                 of bilevel programming",
  journal =      j-math-prog,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "142--162",
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Tobin:1986:SCF,
  author =       "R. Tobin and T. Friesz",
  title =        "Spatial competition facility location models:
                 definition, formulation and solution approach",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "49--74",
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Wen:1986:HAS,
  author =       "U. Wen and W. Bialas",
  title =        "The hybrid algorithm for solving the three-level
                 linear programming problem",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "367--377",
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Dempe:1987:SAL,
  author =       "S. Dempe",
  title =        "A simple algorithm for the linear bilevel programming
                 problem",
  journal =      j-op,
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "373--385",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Friesz:1987:EDO,
  author =       "T. Friesz and C. Suwansirikul and R. Tobin",
  title =        "Equilibrium decomposition optimization: a heuristic
                 for the continuous equilibrium network design problem",
  journal =      j-transport-sci,
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "254--263",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Suwansirikul:1987:EDO,
  author =       "C. Suwansirikul and T. Friesz and R. Tobin",
  title =        "Equilibrium decomposed optimization: a heuristic for
                 the continuous equilibrium network design problem",
  journal =      j-transport-sci,
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "254--263",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{uenlue:1987:LBP,
  author =       "G. {\"{U}}nl{\"{u}}",
  title =        "A linear bilevel programming algorithm based on
                 bicriteria programming",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "173--179",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Anandalingam:1988:MPM,
  author =       "G. Anandalingam",
  title =        "A mathematical programming model of decentralized
                 multi-level systems",
  journal =      j-op-res-soc,
  volume =       "39",
  pages =        "1021--1033",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1988:CTL,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "Convex two-level optimization",
  journal =      j-math-prog,
  volume =       "40",
  pages =        "15--27",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Ben-Ayed:1988:BLP,
  author =       "O. Ben-Ayed",
  title =        "Bilevel linear programming: analysis and application
                 to the network design problem",
  school =       inst-uiuc,
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Ben-Ayed:1988:GBL,
  author =       "O. Ben-Ayed and D. Boyce and C. Blair",
  title =        "A general bilevel linear programming formulation of
                 the network design problem",
  journal =      j-transport-res,
  volume =       "22 B",
  pages =        "311--318",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Candler:1988:LBP,
  author =       "W. Candler",
  title =        "A linear bilevel programming algorithm: {A} comment",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "297--298",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Clarke:1988:NOC,
  author =       "P. Clarke and A. Westerberg",
  title =        "A note on the optimality conditions for the bilevel
                 programming problem",
  journal =      j-nrl,
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "413--418",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Edmunds:1988:ANB,
  author =       "T. Edmunds",
  title =        "Algorithms for nonlinear bilevel mathematical
                 programs",
  school =       inst-texas-mecheng,
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Harker:1988:EOS,
  author =       "P. Harker and J.-S. Pang",
  title =        "Existence of optimal solutions to mathematical
                 programs with equilibrium constraints",
  journal =      j-or-let,
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "61--64",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Ishizuka:1988:OCQ,
  author =       "Y. Ishizuka",
  title =        "Optimality conditions for quasi-differentiable
                 programs with applications to two-level optimization",
  journal =      j-siam-control-opt,
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "1388--1398",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Judice:1988:SLB,
  author =       "J. J\'udice and A. Faustino",
  title =        "{The solution of the linear bilevel programming
                 problem by using the linear complementarity problem}",
  journal =      j-inv-op,
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "77--95",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Kim:1988:TDN,
  author =       "T. Kim and S. Suh",
  title =        "{Toward developing a national transportation planning
                 model: a bilevel programming approach for Korea}",
  journal =      j-annals-reg-sci,
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "65--80",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InCollection{Loridan:1988:AST,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  editor =       "K. Hoffman and J. Hiriart-Urruty and C. Lamerachal and
                 J. Zowe",
  booktitle =    "Trends in Mathematical Optimization",
  title =        "Approximate solutions for two-level optimization
                 problems",
  volume =       "84",
  publisher =    pub-birkhauser,
  address =      pub-birkhauser:adr,
  pages =        "181--196",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "International Series of Numerical Mathematics",
}

@Article{Marcotte:1988:NBP,
  author =       "P. Marcotte",
  title =        "{A note on bilevel programming algorithm by LeBlanc
                 and Boyce}",
  journal =      j-transport-res,
  volume =       "22 B",
  pages =        "233--237",
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Moore:1988:EML,
  author =       "J. Moore",
  title =        "Extensions to the multilevel linear programming
                 problem",
  school =       inst-texas-mecheng,
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan:1988:CWP,
  author =       "J. Morgan",
  editor =       "F. H. Clarke and V. F. Dem'yanov and F. Flannessi",
  booktitle =    "Nonsmooth optimization and related topics: Proceedings
                 of the Fourth Course of the International School of
                 Mathematics on Nonsmooth Optimization and Related
                 Topics, Italy June 20 - July 1",
  title =        "Constrained well-posed two-level optimization
                 problems",
  pages =        "307--325",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-306-43247-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-306-43247-7",
  LCCN =         "QA402 .C68 1988",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Benson:1989:SPL,
  author =       "H. Benson",
  title =        "On the structure and properties of a linear multilevel
                 programming problem",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "60",
  pages =        "353--373",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Bi:1989:EPF,
  author =       "Z. Bi and P. Calamai and A. Conn",
  title =        "An exact penalty function approach for the linear
                 bilevel programming problem",
  number =       "\#167-O-310789",
  institution =  inst-waterloo-syde,
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://dial.uwaterloo.ca/pub/tech_reports",
}

@Article{Dempe:1989:OOC,
  author =       "S. Dempe",
  title =        "On one optimality condition for bilevel optimization",
  journal =      "Vestnik Leningrad Gos. University",
  pages =        "10--14",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  note =         "Serija I, in Russian, translation Vestnik Leningrad
                 University, Math., 22:11--16, 1989.",
}

@InProceedings{Hsu:1989:RLB,
  author =       "S. Hsu and U. Wen",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic
                 of China, Part A: Physical Science and Engineering",
  title =        "A review of linear bilevel programming problems",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "53--61",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Loridan:1989:NRA,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  title =        "New results on approximate solutions in two-level
                 optimization",
  journal =      j-op,
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "819--836",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Loridan:1989:RTL,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Optimization - Fifth French-German Conference",
  title =        "{$\epsilon$-Regularized two-level optimization
                 problems: approximation and existence results}",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "99--113",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1405",
}

@Article{Loridan:1989:SSR,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  title =        "{A sequential stability result for constrained
                 Stackelberg problems}",
  journal =      j-r-math,
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "19--32",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Loridan:1989:TAS,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  title =        "{A theoretical approximation scheme for Stackelberg
                 problems}",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "95--110",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Savard:1989:CPM,
  author =       "G. Savard",
  title =        "Contributions \`a la programmation math\'ematique \`a
                 deux niveaux",
  school =       inst-montreal,
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Segall:1989:BLG,
  author =       "R. Segall",
  title =        "Bi-level geometric programming: a new optimization
                 model",
  institution =  "Department of Mathematics, University of Lowell, Olsen
                 Hall.",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:23:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Wen:1989:NLB,
  author =       "U. Wen and S. Hsu",
  title =        "A note on a linear bilevel programming algorithm based
                 on bicriteria programming",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "79--83",
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Anandalingam:1990:SML,
  author =       "G. Anandalingam and D. White",
  title =        "{A solution method for the linear static Stackelberg
                 problem using penalty functions}",
  journal =      j-ieee-ctrl,
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "1170--1173",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1990:BBA,
  author =       "J. Bard and J. Moore",
  title =        "A branch and bound algorithm for the bilevel
                 programming problem",
  journal =      j-siam-ssc,
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "281--292",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Ben-Ayed:1990:BLP,
  author =       "O. Ben-Ayed",
  title =        "{A bilevel linear programming model applied to the
                 Tunisian inter-regional network design problem}",
  journal =      j-rev-tun,
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "235--279",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Ben-Ayed:1990:CDB,
  author =       "O. Ben-Ayed and C. Blair",
  title =        "Computational difficulties of bilevel linear
                 programming",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "556--560",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Clarke:1990:BPSa,
  author =       "P. Clarke and A. Westerberg",
  title =        "{Bilevel programming for steady-state chemical process
                 design - I. Fundamentals and algorithms}",
  journal =      j-comp-chem-eng,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "87--98",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Clarke:1990:BPSb,
  author =       "P. Clarke and A. Westerberg",
  title =        "{Bilevel programming for steady-state chemical process
                 design - II. Performance study for nondegenerate
                 problems}",
  journal =      j-comp-chem-eng,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "99--110",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Friesz:1990:SAB,
  author =       "T. Friesz and R. Tobin and H. Cho and N. Mehta",
  title =        "Sensitivity analysis based heuristic algorithms for
                 mathematical programs with variational inequality
                 constraints",
  journal =      j-math-prog,
  volume =       "48",
  pages =        "265--284",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Haurie:1990:NEP,
  author =       "A. Haurie and G. Savard and D. White",
  title =        "A note on: an efficient point algorithm for a linear
                 two-stage optimization problem",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "553--555",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Haurie:1990:TLS,
  author =       "A. Haurie and R. Loulou and G. Savard",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of IEEE Automatic Control Conference",
  title =        "A two-level systems analysis model of power
                 cogeneration under asymmetric pricing",
  address =      "San Diego",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Jan:1990:MLN,
  author =       "R. Jan and M. Chern",
  title =        "Multi-level nonlinear integer programming",
  institution =  "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                 National Chiao Tung University",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:23:03 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Kolstad:1990:DEC,
  author =       "C. Kolstad and L. Lasdon",
  title =        "Derivative evaluation and computational experience
                 with large bilevel mathematical programs",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "65",
  pages =        "485--499",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Lignola:1990:EAR,
  author =       "M. Lignola and J. Morgan",
  editor =       "W. B{\"{u}}hler and G. Feichtinger and R. F. Hartl and
                 F. J. Radermacher and P. St{\"{a}}hly",
  booktitle =    "Operations Research Proceedings 1990",
  title =        "Existence and approximation results for min sup
                 problems",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "157--164",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "Papers of the 19th Annual Meeting",
}

@InBook{Loridan:1990:QCL,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  title =        "Quasi convex lower level problem and applications in
                 two level optimization",
  volume =       "345",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "325--341",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems",
}

@InProceedings{Loridan:1990:SST,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  editor =       "W. B{\"{u}}hler and G. Feichtinger and R. F. Hartl and
                 F. J. Radermacher and P. St{\"{a}}hly",
  booktitle =    "Operations Research Proceedings 1990",
  title =        "On strict $\epsilon$-solutions for a two-level
                 optimization problem",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "165--172",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "Papers of the 19th Annual Meeting",
}

@Article{Moore:1990:MIL,
  author =       "J. Moore and J. Bard",
  title =        "The mixed integer linear bilevel programming problem",
  journal =      j-op-res,
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "911--921",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Neittaanmaeki:1990:SSO,
  author =       "P. Neittaanm{\"a}ki and A. Stachurski",
  editor =       "H.-J. Sebastian and K. Tammer",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 14th IFIP Conference on System
                 Modelling and Optimization, Leipzig 1989",
  title =        "Solving some optimal control problems using the
                 barrier penalty function method",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "358--367",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Outrata:1990:NSC,
  author =       "J. Outrata",
  title =        "{On the numerical solution of a class of Stackelberg
                 problems}",
  journal =      j-zor-methods-models-or,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "255--277",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Wen:1990:ASM,
  author =       "U. Wen and Y. Yang",
  title =        "Algorithms for solving the mixed integer two-level
                 linear programming problem",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "133--142",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Anandalingam:1991:MLP,
  author =       "G. Anandalingam and V. Aprey",
  title =        "Multi-level programming and conflict resolution",
  journal =      j-euro-op-res,
  volume =       "51",
  pages =        "233--247",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1991:SPB,
  author =       "J. Bard",
  title =        "Some properties of the bilevel programming problem",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "68",
  pages =        "371--378",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  note =         "Technical Note",
}

@TechReport{Bi:1991:EPF,
  author =       "Z. Bi and P. Calamai and A. Conn",
  title =        "An exact penalty function approach for the nonlinear
                 bilevel programming problem",
  number =       "\#180-O-170591",
  institution =  inst-waterloo-syde,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://dial.uwaterloo.ca/pub/tech_reports",
}

@TechReport{Bi:1991:OCC,
  author =       "Z. Bi and P. Calamai",
  title =        "Optimality conditions for a class of bilevel
                 programming problems",
  number =       "\#191-O-191291",
  institution =  inst-waterloo-syde,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Chen:1991:NBP,
  author =       "Y. Chen and M. Florian",
  title =        "The nonlinear bilevel programming problem: a general
                 formulation and optimality conditions",
  number =       "CRT-794",
  institution =  inst-crt,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Edmunds:1991:ANB,
  author =       "T. Edmunds and J. Bard",
  title =        "Algorithms for nonlinear bilevel mathematical
                 programming",
  journal =      j-ieee-smc,
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "83--89",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Florian:1991:BPA,
  author =       "M. Florian and Y. Chen",
  title =        "{A bilevel programming approach to estimating O-D
                 matrix by traffic counts}",
  number =       "CRT-750",
  institution =  inst-crt,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Loridan:1991:RTL,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Advances in optimization",
  title =        "Regularizations for two-level optimization problems",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "239--255",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "Proceedings of the 6th French-German Colloquium on
                 Optimization",
}

@Article{Marcotte:1991:NPO,
  author =       "P. Marcotte and G. Savard",
  title =        "A note on the Pareto optimality of solutions to the
                 linear bilevel programming problem",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "355--359",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Wen:1991:LBL,
  author =       "U. Wen and S. Hsu",
  title =        "Linear bi-level programming problems - a review",
  journal =      j-op-res-soc,
  volume =       "42",
  pages =        "125--133",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Al-Khayyal:1992:GOC,
  author =       "F. Al-Khayyal and R. Horst and P. Pardalos",
  title =        "Global optimization of concave functions subject to
                 quadratic constraints: an application in nonlinear
                 bilevel programming",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "125--147",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Anandalingam:1992:HOI,
  author =       "G. Anandalingam and T. Friesz",
  title =        "Hierarchical optimization: an introduction",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "1--11",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Bard:1992:ADB,
  author =       "J. Bard and J. Moore",
  title =        "An algorithm for the discrete bilevel programming
                 problem",
  journal =      j-nrl,
  volume =       "39",
  pages =        "419--435",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Ben-Ayed:1992:CRW,
  author =       "O. Ben-Ayed and C. Blair and D. Boyce and L. LeBlanc",
  title =        "Construction of a real-world bilevel linear
                 programming model of the highway design problem",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "219--254",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@PhdThesis{Bi:1992:NMB,
  author =       "Z. Bi",
  title =        "Numerical methods for bilevel programming problems",
  school =       inst-waterloo-syde,
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Blair:1992:CCM,
  author =       "C. Blair",
  title =        "The computational complexity of multi-level linear
                 programs",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "13--19",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Chen:1992:DDA,
  author =       "Y. Chen and M. Florian and S. Wu",
  title =        "A descent dual approach for linear bilevel programs",
  number =       "CRT-866",
  institution =  inst-crt,
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Chen:1992:GSL,
  author =       "Y. Chen and M. Florian",
  title =        "On the geometry structure of linear bilevel programs:
                 a dual approach",
  number =       "CRT-867",
  institution =  inst-crt,
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Dempe:1992:NSO,
  author =       "S. Dempe",
  title =        "A necessary and a sufficient optimality condition for
                 bilevel programming problems",
  journal =      j-op,
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "341--354",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InCollection{Dempe:1992:OCB,
  author =       "S. Dempe",
  editor =       "P. Kall",
  booktitle =    "System modelling and optimization",
  title =        "Optimality conditions for bilevel programming
                 problems",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "17--24",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{deSilva:1992:IDO,
  author =       "A. deSilva and G. McCormick",
  title =        "Implicitly defined optimization problems",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "107--124",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Drissi-Kaitouni:1992:BOD,
  author =       "O. Drissi-Kaitouni and J. T. Lundgren",
  title =        "Bilevel origin-destination matrix estimation using a
                 descent approach",
  number =       "LiTH-MAT-R-1992-49",
  institution =  inst-lit-math,
  address =      inst-lit-math:adr,
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Edmunds:1992:AMI,
  author =       "T. Edmunds and J. Bard",
  title =        "An algorithm for the mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel
                 programming problem",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "149--162",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Hansen:1992:NBB,
  author =       "P. Hansen and B. Jaumard and G. Savard",
  title =        "New branch-and-bound rules for linear bilevel
                 programming",
  journal =      j-siam-ssc,
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "1194--1217",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Haurie:1992:TPG,
  author =       "A. Haurie and R. Loulou and G. Savard",
  title =        "A two player game model of power cogeneration in New
                 England",
  journal =      j-ieee-ctrl,
  volume =       "37",
  pages =        "1451--1456",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Hobbs:1992:NBM,
  author =       "B. Hobbs and S. Nelson",
  title =        "A nonlinear bilevel model for analysis of electric
                 utility demand-side planning issues",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "255--274",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Ishizuka:1992:DPM,
  author =       "Y. Ishizuka and E. Aiyoshi",
  title =        "Double penalty method for bilevel optimization
                 problems",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "73--88",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Judice:1992:SLM,
  author =       "J. J\'udice and A. Faustino",
  title =        "{A sequential LCP method for bilevel linear
                 programming}",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "89--106",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Kocvara:1992:NAS,
  author =       "M. Kocvara and J. Outrata",
  booktitle =    "P. Kall, ed., System Modelling and Optimization",
  title =        "A nondifferentiable approach to the solution of
                 optimum design problems with variational inequalities",
  publisher =    pub-springer,
  address =      pub-springer:adr,
  pages =        "364--373",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences
                 180",
}

@InCollection{Loridan:1992:LNR,
  author =       "P. Loridan and J. Morgan",
  editor =       "?",
  booktitle =    "?",
  title =        "Least-norm regularization for weak two-level
                 optimization problems",
  volume =       "107",
  publisher =    pub-birkhauser,
  address =      pub-birkhauser:adr,
  pages =        "307--318",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  series =       "International Series of Numerical Mathematics",
}

@Article{Marcotte:1992:EIH,
  author =       "P. Marcotte and G. Marquis",
  title =        "Efficient implementation of heuristics for the
                 continuous network design problem",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "163--176",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Marcotte:1992:EIP,
  author =       "P. Marcotte and D. Zhu",
  title =        "Exact and inexact penalty methods for the generalized
                 bilevel programming problem",
  number =       "CRT-920",
  institution =  inst-crt,
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Marcotte:1992:NAD,
  author =       "P. Marcotte and G. Savard",
  title =        "Novel approaches to the discrimination problem",
  journal =      j-zor-methods-models-or,
  volume =       "36",
  pages =        "517--545",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Miller:1992:HAD,
  author =       "T. Miller and T. Friesz and R. Tobin",
  title =        "Heuristic algorithms for delivered price spatially
                 competitive network facility location problems",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "177--202",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Oenal:1992:CEM,
  author =       "H. {\"{O}}nal",
  title =        "Computational experience with a mixed solution method
                 for bilevel linear/quadratic programs",
  institution =  "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:26:20 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Suh:1992:SNB,
  author =       "S. Suh and T. Kim",
  title =        "Solving nonlinear bilevel programming models of the
                 equilibrium network design problem: a comparative
                 review",
  journal =      j-annals-op-res,
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "203--218",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@MastersThesis{Vicente:1992:BP,
  author =       "L. Vicente",
  title =        "Bilevel programming",
  school =       inst-coimbra-math,
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  note =         "Written in Portuguese.",
}

@Article{Wen:1992:ESL,
  author =       "U. Wen and S. Hsu",
  title =        "Efficient solutions for the linear bilevel programming
                 problem",
  journal =      j-euro-op-res,
  volume =       "62",
  pages =        "354--362",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Ben-Ayed:1993:BLP,
  author =       "O. Ben-Ayed",
  title =        "Bilevel linear programming",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "485--501",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Calamai:1993:GLL,
  author =       "P. Calamai and L. Vicente",
  title =        "Generating linear and linear-quadratic bilevel
                 programming problems",
  journal =      j-siam-ssc,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "770--782",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  URL =          "http://dial.uwaterloo.ca/~phcalama/cpp.html",
}

@PhdThesis{Chen:1993:BPP,
  author =       "Y. Chen",
  title =        "Bilevel programming problems: analysis, algorithms and
                 applications",
  school =       inst-montreal,
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Florian:1993:CDM,
  author =       "M. Florian and Y. Chen",
  title =        "{A coordinate descent method for bilevel O-D matrix
                 estimation problems}",
  number =       "CRT-807",
  institution =  inst-crt,
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Kocvara:1993:NST,
  author =       "M. Kocvara and J. Outrata",
  title =        "A numerical solution of two selected shape
                 optimization problems",
  number =       "DFG (German Scientific Foundation) Research Report
                 464",
  institution =  inst-bayreuth,
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Labbe:1993:BMT,
  author =       "M. Labb\'e and P. Marcotte and G. Savard",
  title =        "A bilevel model of taxation and its application to
                 optimal highway policy",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:23:37 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  note =         "Preprint",
}

@TechReport{Luo:1993:EPF,
  author =       "Z.-Q. Luo and J.-S. Pang and S. Wu",
  title =        "Exact penalty functions for mathematical programs and
                 bilevel programs with analytic constraints",
  institution =  "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
                 McMaster University",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:23:35 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Luo:1993:EPS,
  author =       "Z.-Q. Luo and J.-S. Pang and D. Ralph and S. Wu",
  title =        "Exact penalization and stationarity conditions of
                 mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints",
  institution =  "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
                 McMaster University",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:23:44 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Mallozzi:1993:MSS,
  author =       "L. Mallozzi and J. Morgan",
  title =        "$\epsilon$-mixed strategies for static
                 continuous-kernel Stackelberg games",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "78",
  pages =        "303--316",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Oenal:1993:MSA,
  author =       "H. {\"{O}}nal",
  title =        "A modified simplex approach for solving bilevel linear
                 programming problems",
  journal =      j-euro-op-res,
  volume =       "67",
  pages =        "126--135",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Outrata:1993:NAO,
  author =       "J. Outrata and J. Zowe",
  title =        "A numerical approach to optimization problems with
                 variational inequality constraints",
  number =       "DFG (German Scientific Foundation) Research Report
                 463",
  institution =  inst-bayreuth,
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Outrata:1993:NOC,
  author =       "J. Outrata",
  title =        "{Necessary optimality conditions for Stackelberg
                 problems}",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "76",
  pages =        "305--320",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Tuy:1993:GOA,
  author =       "H. Tuy and A. Migdalas and P. V{\"{a}}rbrand",
  title =        "A global optimization approach for the linear
                 two-level program",
  journal =      j-glob-opt,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "1--23",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{White:1993:PFA,
  author =       "D. White and G. Anandalingam",
  title =        "A penalty function approach for solving bi-level
                 linear programs",
  journal =      j-glob-opt,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "397--419",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Wu:1993:CPM,
  author =       "S. Wu and P. Marcotte and Y. Chen",
  title =        "A cutting plane method for linear bilevel programs",
  institution =  "Centre de Recherche sur les Transports",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 13:23:50 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Ye:1993:GBP,
  author =       "J. Ye and D. Zhu and Q. Zhu",
  title =        "Generalized bilevel programming problems",
  number =       "DMS-646-IR",
  institution =  inst-vic-mathstat,
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Ye:1993:OCB,
  author =       "J. Ye and D. Zhu",
  title =        "Optimality conditions for bilevel programming
                 problems",
  number =       "DMS-618-IR",
  institution =  inst-vic-mathstat,
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Alexandrov:1994:ABO,
  author =       "N. Alexandrov and J. E. Dennis",
  title =        "Algorithms for bilevel optimization",
  number =       "TR94--34",
  institution =  inst-rice-cam,
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Calamai:1994:AFSa,
  author =       "P. Calamai and L. Vicente",
  title =        "Algorithm 728: {FORTRAN} Subroutines for generating
                 quadratic bilevel programming problems",
  journal =      j-acm-toms,
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "120--123",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  URL =          "http://dial.uwaterloo.ca/~phcalama/cpp.html",
}

@Article{Calamai:1994:AFSb,
  author =       "P. Calamai and L. Vicente",
  title =        "Algorithm 728: {FORTRAN} Subroutines for generating
                 quadratic bilevel programming problems",
  journal =      j-coll-algor-acm,
  volume =       "728-P",
  pages =        "1.0--3.0",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  note =         "Code published in ACM Supplement xxx:1--?, 1994.",
  URL =          "http://dial.uwaterloo.ca/~phcalama/cpp.html",
}

@Article{Calamai:1994:GQB,
  author =       "P. Calamai and L. Vicente",
  title =        "Generating quadratic bilevel programming problems",
  journal =      j-acm-toms,
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "103--119",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  URL =          "http://dial.uwaterloo.ca/~phcalama/cpp.html",
}

@Article{Jan:1994:NIB,
  author =       "R. Jan and M. Chern",
  title =        "Nonlinear integer bilevel programming",
  journal =      j-euro-op-res,
  volume =       "72",
  pages =        "574--587",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Judice:1994:LQB,
  author =       "J. J\'udice and A. Faustino",
  title =        "The linear-quadratic bilevel programming problem",
  journal =      j-infor,
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "87--98",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Liu:1994:COS,
  author =       "Y. Liu and S. Hart",
  title =        "Characterizing an optimal solution to the linear
                 bilevel programming problem",
  journal =      j-euro-op-res,
  volume =       "73",
  pages =        "164--166",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Mathieu:1994:GAB,
  author =       "R. Mathieu and L. Pittard and G. Anandalingam",
  title =        "Genetic algorithm based approach to bi-level linear
                 programming",
  journal =      j-res-op,
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "1--21",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@TechReport{Migdalas:1994:WSE,
  author =       "A. Migdalas",
  title =        "When is a {Stackelberg} equilibrium {Pareto}
                 optimum?",
  number =       "LiTH-MAT-R-1994-19",
  institution =  inst-lit-math,
  address =      inst-lit-math:adr,
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Outrata:1994:OPV,
  author =       "J. Outrata",
  title =        "On optimization problems with variational inequality
                 constraints",
  journal =      j-siam-opt,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "340--357",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Savard:1994:SDD,
  author =       "G. Savard and J. Gauvin",
  title =        "The steepest descent direction for the nonlinear
                 bilevel programming problem",
  journal =      j-or-let,
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "275--282",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Tuy:1994:QMM,
  author =       "H. Tuy and A. Migdalas and P. V{\"{a}}rbrand",
  title =        "A quasiconcave minimization method for solving linear
                 two-level programs",
  journal =      j-glob-opt,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "243--263",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Vicente:1994:BMP,
  author =       "L. Vicente and P. Calamai",
  title =        "Bilevel and multilevel programming: {A} bibliography
                 review",
  journal =      j-J-GLOBAL-OPT,
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "291--306",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  URL =          "http://dial.uwaterloo.ca/~phcalama/cpp.html",
}

@Article{Vicente:1994:DAQ,
  author =       "L. Vicente and G. Savard and J. J\'udice",
  title =        "Descent approaches for quadratic bilevel programming",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "81",
  pages =        "379--399",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Chen:1995:NBP,
  author =       "Y. Chen and M. Florian",
  title =        "The nonlinear bilevel programming problem:
                 formulations, regularity and optimality conditions",
  journal =      j-op,
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "193--209",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Lignola:1995:TES,
  author =       "M. Lignola and J. Morgan",
  title =        "Topological existence and stability for Stackelberg
                 Problems",
  journal =      j-jota,
  volume =       "84",
  pages =        "145--169",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Liu:1995:SBL,
  author =       "Y. Liu and T. Spencer",
  title =        "Solving a bilevel linear program when the inner
                 decision maker controls few variables",
  journal =      j-euro-op-res,
  volume =       "81",
  pages =        "644--651",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Mallozzi:1995:WSP,
  author =       "L. Mallozzi and J. Morgan",
  title =        "Weak Stackelberg problem and mixed solutions under
                 data perturbations",
  journal =      j-op,
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "269--290",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Oenal:1995:MAA,
  author =       "H. {\"{O}}nal and D. Darmawan and S. Johnson",
  title =        "A multilevel analysis of agricultural credit
                 distribution in {East} {Java}, {Indonesia}",
  journal =      j-comp-op-res,
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "227--236",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Tammer:1995:TLO,
  author =       "K. Tammer",
  title =        "Two-level optimization with approximate solutions in
                 the lower level",
  journal =      j-zor-math-methods-or,
  volume =       "41",
  pages =        "231--249",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@InCollection{Vicente:1995:GLO,
  author =       "L. Vicente and P. Calamai",
  editor =       "D.-Z. Du and P. M. Pardalos",
  booktitle =    "Minimax and Applications",
  title =        "Geometry and local optimality conditions for bilevel
                 programs with quadratic strictly convex lower levels",
  publisher =    pub-kluwer,
  address =      pub-kluwer:adr,
  pages =        "141--151",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  URL =          "http://dial.uwaterloo.ca/~phcalama/cpp.html",
}

@Article{Ye:1995:NCB,
  author =       "J. Ye",
  title =        "Necessary conditions for bilevel dynamic optimization
                 problems",
  journal =      j-siam-control-opt,
  volume =       "33",
  pages =        "1208--1223",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Book{Luo:1996:MPE,
  author =       "Z.-Q. Luo and J.-S. Pang and D. Ralph",
  title =        "Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints",
  publisher =    pub-cup,
  address =      pub-cup:adr,
  year =         "1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
}

@Article{Vicente:1996:DLB,
  author =       "L. Vicente and G. Savard and J. J\'udice",
  title =        "The discrete linear bilevel programming problem",
  journal =      j-J-OPT-THEORY-APPL,
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "597--614",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "JOTABN",
  ISSN =         "0022-3239",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 26 15:23:33 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/multilevel-prog.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}