


PATHTO(1)                                               PATHTO(1)


NAME
       pathto, uupath - calculate mail paths

SYNOPSIS
       pathto  [ -tdnsv ] address ...
       uupath  [ -tsv ] [ sitename|domain|path ]  ...

DESCRIPTION
       These  commands query the mail routing databases to deter-
       mine which paths will be used in sending mail to the spec-
       ified hosts or addresses.

       The  pathto(1)  command  takes  the  address of a user and
       determines the path that smail(8) would use for  delivery.
       For historical reasons, the resulting path is rewritten as
       a UUCP-style `!'-path by default, even  though  this  form
       may  not be used by smail for delivery.  The leading site-
       name in the path is the site towards which  smail(8)  will
       make  a delivery.  The leading sitename may be followed by
       a route to the target of the address if the leading  site-
       name and target are different.  The remainder of the argu-
       ment, if anything, is added on to the end.   This  command
       advises  you  on  how  smail(8) will handle an address but
       does not give the actual address that smail(8)  will  use,
       unless the -n option given.

       The  uupath(1) command attempts to compute paths from your
       machine to other machines.  If the argument is the name of
       a  site such as nsavax, or nsavax.nsa.gov, or if it is the
       name of a domain such as .nsa.gov, then the uupath(1) pro-
       gram  will  try  to produce a path to that site or domain.
       If the argument is a  `!'-path,  then  uupath  computes  a
       route  to the first site, and appends the remainder of the
       path onto  it.   For  historical  reasons,  the  resultant
       string will be ``%s'', if the host is the local host.

       It  is  important  to note that uupath arguments relate to
       sitenames, while the pathto arguments relate to  addresses
       of users.  The command:

              uupath namei

       will  compute  a  path  to the SITE named namei, while the
       command:

              pathto namei

       will ``compute a path'' to the USER  named  namei  on  the
       local machine.

OPTIONS
       All three commands take hosts and addresses from the argu-
       ments, or from standard input if none are given  as  argu-
       ments.  The following options are recognized:



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PATHTO(1)                                               PATHTO(1)


       -s     If smart-host routing is enabled in the smail rout-
              ing databases, then -s will cause smart-host  rout-
              ing  used  as a last resort in computing paths.  By
              default,  smart-host  routing  is  not  taken  into
              account  by  these  commands.   A smart-host router
              will route an address to a remote host that suppos-
              edly  has  a  larger  or  more  up-to-date  routing
              database than the local host.

       -d     By default, pathto does not examine what will  hap-
              pen  when  mail  is actually delivered to the final
              user(s).  If the final users are on the local  sys-
              tem, then -d will apply any aliasing, forwarding or
              mailing lists expansions.  The order and number  of
              arguments  will  not  necessarily correspond to the
              order and number of output address when this option
              is used.

       -n     uupath will always produce a pure UUCP path, and by
              default so will will pathto,  in  the  interest  of
              backward  compatibility.  The -n flag will generate
              other addressing forms if they  would  actually  be
              used  by  smail  for delivery.  With the -n option,
              the pathto command will  print  the  next-hop  host
              that  a  particular address would be sent to (or it
              will print ``local'' if the address would be deliv-
              ered  locally),  and it will print the address that
              smail will give to the next-hop.  The next-hop host
              and  the  address  are  separated  by  ::  and some
              whitespace.

       -t     Announce the name of the transport  that  would  be
              used  in delivering to an address, if the transport
              is known.  Local addresses that  are  not  resolved
              using  the  -d  flag  will  not  produce a tranport
              because the specific local transport cannot  deter-
              mined without applying the directors.

       -v     Be  verbose,  announcing  each  important  state of
              address resolution as it occurs.  The verbose  mes-
              sages are written to standard error.

EXAMPLES
       The  following  examples assume the following routing con-
       figuration will be used to compute path information:

       a.  a  list   of   known   local   host   names:   amdahl,
           uts.amdahl.com and amdahl.com.

       b.  a pathalias(8) database containing the lines:

                .nsa.gov       namei!nsavax!%s
                amdahl         %s
                glotz          namei!glotz!%s



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PATHTO(1)                                               PATHTO(1)


                kgbvax         name!walldrug!kgbvax!%s
                namei          namei!%s
                nsavax         namei!glotz!nsavax!%s

           where each path will use UUX for delivery.

       c.  a  known  network connection to the host eek, which is
           also known as eek.uts.amdahl.com.

       d.  domains of the form [number.number.number.number]  are
           recognized  as  internet numbers to be delivered using
           TCP/IP.

       e.  the path namei!glotz!nsavax is used  as  a  smart-host
           path for addresses the localhost cannot route.

       The following commands, in italic, will produce the corre-
       sponding output:

            $ uupath nsavax mit-prep uts.amdahl.com
            namei!glotz!nsavax
            uupath: no route found to mit-prep
            %s

            $ uupath -s mit-prep!rms
            namei!glotz!nsavax!mit-prep!rms

            $ pathto @eek.uts.amdahl.com:rms@prep.ai.mit.edu
            eek!prep.ai.mit.edu!rms

            $ pathto -n @[192.2.12.3]:rms@prep.ai.mit.edu
            [192.2.12.3] :: rms@prep.ai.mit.edu

            $ pathto brown@nsavax
            namei!glotz!nsavax!brown


DIAGNOSTICS
       An error message will be  written  to  standard  error  if
       there  is  a syntax error in an address, or if no path can
       be found for an address  and  smart-host  routing  is  not
       being used.  In case of such errors, these programs return
       an    appropriate    exit    code    from     the     file
       /usr/include/sysexits.h; e.g., EX_DATAERR or EX_NOHOST.

FILES
       /usr/lib/mail/paths      Standard ascii path database.

       /usr/lib/mail/routers    Smail routing configuration.

SEE ALSO
       smail(8), smail(5), pathalias(8) and pathalias(5).





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PATHTO(1)                                               PATHTO(1)


BUGS
       Your  local  site  does  not always know a correct path to
       every site.

       Routing is only  as  good  as  your  routing  information.
       Smail  cannot  compensate  for  out-of-date or poorly syn-
       cronized databases.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright(C)1987, 1988 Ronald S. Karr and Landon Curt Noll
       Copyright(C)1992 Ronald S. Karr
       See  a  file COPYING, distributed with the source code, or
       type smail -bc for distribution  rights  and  restrictions
       associated with this software.











































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