#ac
aacc -- Summarize login accounting information

aacc [ -ddpp ] [ -ww _w_f_i_l_e ][ _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Itemize for each midnight-midnight period
     -pp        Itemize by individual users
     -ww _w_t_m_p   Obtain raw statistics from _w_t_m_p rather than /uussrr/aaddmm/wwttmmpp

If users are specified, only they are considered.
#accton
aaccccttoonn -- Enable/disable process accounting

/eettcc/aaccccttoonn [ _f_i_l_e ]

Normally _f_i_l_e is /uussrr/aaddmm/aacccctt.  If no _f_i_l_e argument is included, disable
process accounting.
#alias
aalliiaass -- Set an alias

aalliiaass [-dd] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e ...]]

kksshh only.
#ar
aarr -- The librarian/archiver

aarr _o_p_t_i_o_n [_m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r][_p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n] _a_r_c_h_i_v_e [_m_e_m_b_e_r ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     dd         Delete given members
     mm         Move member to indicated position (default, end)
     pp         Print members
     qq         Quick append, put members at end with no checking
     rr         Replace each member specified in the archive
     tt         Print a table of members (default, all)
     xx         Extract the specified members (default, all)
_M_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s:
     aa         Place new member after _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n in archive
     bb         Place new member before _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n in archive
     cc         Suppress message when new archive is created
     ii         Insert new member before _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n in archive
     kk         Preserve modify time of file (with options rr, qq, or xx)
     ll         Use current directory for temporaries (default, /ttmmpp)
     ss         Update ranlib header even if not present (with options rr or mm)
     uu         Update: replace members only if newer than those in archive
     vv         Print extra information when used with certain options
#as
aass -- i80X86 assembler

aass [-ggllxx] [ -oo_f_i_l_e ] _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -gg        Make all undefined symbols global
     -ll        Output listing to standard output
     -oo _d_e_s_t   Rename output file _d_e_s_t (default, ll.oouutt)
     -xx        Strip local symbols from symbol table
#at
aatt -- Execute commands at given time

aatt [ -vv ] [ -cc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ] _t_i_m_e [ [ _d_a_y ] _w_e_e_k ] [ _f_i_l_e ]
aatt [ -vv ] [ -cc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ] _t_i_m_e _m_o_n_t_h _d_a_y [ _f_i_l_e ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Following argument gives command
     -vv        Print time for which command is set

If _f_i_l_e is given, read commands from it.  If neither _f_i_l_e nor -cc is given, read
commands from stdin.
#awk
aawwkk -- Pattern-scanning language

aawwkk [-yy][-FF_c][-ff _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e][_p_r_o_g][_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -FF_c       Set field separator character to _c (default, blank, and tab)
     -ff        _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e is the aawwkk program; otherwise, first non-option
               argument is aawwkk program
     -yy        Dual case match (as in ggrreepp)

If no _f_i_l_e is present, the stdin is used.  File `-' means stdin.
#bad
bbaadd -- Maintain list of bad blocks

bbaadd _o_p_t_i_o_n _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m [ block ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     aa         Add blocks
     cc         Clear bad-block list
     dd         Delete blocks
     ll         List blocks
#badscan
bbaaddssccaann -- Build bad block list

/eettcc/bbaaddssccaann [ -vv ] [ -oo _p_r_o_t_o ] [ -bb _b_o_o_t ] _d_e_v_i_c_e _s_i_z_e
/eettcc/bbaaddssccaann [ -vv ] [ -oo _p_r_o_t_o ] [ -bb _b_o_o_t ] _d_e_v_i_c_e _x_d_e_v_i_c_e

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb _b_o_o_t   Insert bootstrap _b_o_o_t into _p_r_o_t_o
     -oo _p_r_o_t_o  Write prototype into file _p_r_o_t_o
     -vv        Print estimate of time remaining

Scan _d_e_v_i_c_e of _s_i_z_e bytes (or size given in hard disk partition table _x_d_e_v_i_c_e)
for bad blocks, write prototype to stdout.
#banner
bbaannnneerr -- Print large letters

bbaannnneerr [ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ... ]

Print each _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t as one line of large-text output.  If no arguments, print
each line from stdin as a line of large output.
#basename
bbaasseennaammee -- Strip path information from a file name

bbaasseennaammee _f_i_l_e [ _s_u_f_f_i_x ]

#bc
bbcc -- Interactive calculator with arbitrary precision

bbcc [ -ll ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -ll        Use the extended bbcc library

After reading each _f_i_l_e, bbcc reads stdin.
#bind
bbiinndd -- Bind key sequence to editing command

bbiinndd [-mm] [_s_t_r_i_n_g [= _c_o_m_m_a_n_d]]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -mm        Bind multiple commands to one keystroke

With no arguments, bbiinndd displays all current bindings.  kksshh only.
#break
bbrreeaakk -- Exit from shell construct

bbrreeaakk [ _n ]

Exit from _n (default, one) ffoorr, uunnttiill, or wwhhiillee constructs.  The shell executes
bbrreeaakk directly.
#build
bbuuiilldd -- Install COHERENT onto a hard disk

/eettcc/bbuuiilldd

#builtin
bbuuiillttiinn -- Execute a command as a built-in command

bbuuiillttiinn _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g ... ]

kksshh only.
#c
cc -- Print multi-column output

cc [ -ll_N ] [ -ww_N ] [ -001122 ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ll_N       Set the page length to _N lines
     -ww_N       Set the page width to _N columns
     -00        Order fields horizontally across the page
     -11        Order fields vertically down each column (default)
     -22        Special case of -1
#cal
ccaall -- Print a calendar

ccaall [ _m_o_n_t_h ] [ _y_e_a_r ]

#calendar
ccaalleennddaarr -- Reminder service

ccaalleennddaarr [ -aa ] [ -ff_f_i_l_e ]... [ -dd[_d_a_t_e] ] [ -ww[_d_a_t_e] ] [ -mm[_m_o_n_t_h] ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Search calendars of all users and send mail
     -ff_f_i_l_e    Search each _f_i_l_e in order given
     -dd[_d_a_t_e]  Print all entries matching _d_a_t_e
     -ww[_d_a_t_e]  Print entries in the week beginning with _d_a_t_e
     -mm[_m_o_n_t_h] Print entries in the given _m_o_n_t_h

The default calendar is $HHOOMMEE/.ccaalleennddaarr.  The default date is today.
#case
ccaassee -- Execute commands conditionally according to pattern

ccaassee _t_o_k_e_n iinn [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n [|_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] ...) _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e ;;] ... eessaacc

The shell executes ccaassee directly.
#cat
ccaatt -- Concatenate/print files

ccaatt [ -uu ][ _f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -uu        Do not buffer output in 512-byte blocks

File `-' indicates the standard input.  If no _f_i_l_e is specified, ccaatt reads
stdin.
#cc
cccc -- Compiler controller

cccc [_c_o_m_p_i_l_e_r _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _f_i_l_e .... [_l_i_n_k_e_r _o_p_t_i_o_n_s]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -BB[ssttrr]   Use backup compiler versions
     -cc        Compile only -- no load
     -DDnnaammee[=_v_a_l_u_e]
               Tell ccpppp to define _n_a_m_e with _v_a_l_u_e
     -EE        Run ccpppp only and send its output to stdout
     -ff        Include floating point output routines in load
     -IInnaammee    Tell ccpppp to look for header files in directory _n_a_m_e
     -KK        Keep intermediate files
     -ll_n_a_m_e    Pass /lliibb/lliibb_n_a_m_e.aa to linker lldd
     -MM_s_t_r     Use alternative machine versions
     -NN[pp0011aabb22ssddllrrtt]_s_t_r
               Rename specified pass to _s_t_r
     -OO        Run peephole optimizer of C compiler
     -qq[pp0011aabb22ss]
               Quit after specified pass
     -SS        Place C compiler assembler output in a .ss file
     -tt[pp0011aabb22ssddllrrtt]
               Take specified compiler phases
     -UU_n_a_m_e    Tell ccpppp to remove any initial definition of _n_a_m_e
     -VV        Run verbosely
     -VV_n_a_m_e    Toggle variant VV_n_a_m_e

Compiles files ending .cc; assembles files ending in .ss; passes other options
and files to the linker lldd.
#cd
ccdd -- Change directory

ccdd _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

If no _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y specified, $HHOOMMEE is assumed.  The shell executes ccdd directly.
#cgrep
ccggrreepp -- Pattern search for C source programs

ccggrreepp [-ccllnnssAA] [-rr _n_e_w] _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Print all C comments
     -ll        Return file where _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n found
     -nn        Prefix each line containing _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_s with its number in its
               source file
     -rr        Replaces each _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n with _n_e_w
     -ss        Print all C strings
     -AA        Build _e_r_r_o_r _l_i_s_t for interactive editing using MicroEMACS, like
               -AA option to the cccc command
#chase
cchhaassee -- Highly amusing video game

/uussrr/ggaammeess/cchhaassee [ -cc ] [ _s_p_e_e_d ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Color video card
     _s_p_e_e_d     Speed of game: the lower the number, the faster the speed
               (default, 10)
#check
cchheecckk -- Check file system

cchheecckk [-ss] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -ss        Salvage as much as possible, given the problems detected
#chgrp
cchhggrrpp -- Change the group owner of a file

cchhggrrpp _g_r_o_u_p _f_i_l_e ...

#chmod
cchhmmoodd -- Change the modes of a file

cchhmmoodd +_m_o_d_e_s _f_i_l_e
cchhmmoodd -_m_o_d_e_s _f_i_l_e


Mode may be octal or a comma-separated symbolic list: [_w_h_i_c_h]_h_o_w_p_e_r_m...[,...]
_w_h_i_c_h:
     aa         User, group, and other permissions
     gg         Group permissions
     oo         Other permissions
     uu         User permissions

Missing _w_h_i_c_h implies that `a', `g', `o', and `u' can be combined.
_h_o_w:
     =         Set permissions
     +         Add permissions
     -         Take away permissions
_p_e_r_m:
     gg         Current group permissions
     oo         Current other permissions
     rr         Read
     ss         Setuid on execution
     tt         Sticky bit (save text)
     uu         Current user permissions
     ww         Write
     xx         Execute
#chown
cchhoowwnn -- Change the owner of files

cchhoowwnn _o_w_n_e_r _f_i_l_e ...

#clear
cclleeaarr -- Clear the screen

cclleeaarr

#clri
ccllrrii -- Clear i-node

/eettcc/ccllrrii _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m _i_n_u_m_b_e_r ...

#cmp
ccmmpp -- Compare bytes of two files

ccmmpp [-llss] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 [_s_k_i_p_1 _s_k_i_p_2]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ll        Print byte number and bytes at each difference
     -ss        Return status (print nothing)

If _f_i_l_e_1 is `-', use stdin.  If _s_k_i_p_1 and _s_k_i_p_2 are present, they are the
number of bytes to skip before comparing _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2, respectively.
#col
ccooll -- Remove reverse and half-line motions

ccooll [ -bbddffxx ][ -pp_n ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb        Output device cannot backspace
     -dd        Double spaced output
     -ff        The output device can handle half lines (has precedence over -dd)
     -pp_n       Set page buffer to _n lines (default, 128)
     -xx        Suppress conversion of white space to tabs on output
#comm
ccoommmm -- Print common lines

ccoommmm [ -112233 ] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -11        Suppress column 1
     -22        Suppress column 2
     -33        Suppress column 3

Column 1 has lines unique to _f_i_l_e_1; column 2 has lines unique to _f_i_l_e_2; column
3 has lines common to both files.  Both files should be sorted.
#compress
ccoommpprreessss -- Compress a file

ccoommpprreessss [ -ddffvvcc ] [ -bb_n_u_m ] [ -ww _t_m_p_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb_n_u_m     Set compression to _n_u_m
     -cc        Send output to ssttddoouutt
     -dd        Decompress, rather than compress
     -ff        Force output file, even if no space saved by compression
     -vv        Verbose mode
     -ww _t_m_p_f_i_l_e
               Use _t_m_p_f_i_l_e as the workfile (default, /ddeevv/rraamm11)
#continue
ccoonnttiinnuuee -- Terminate current iteration of shell construct

ccoonnttiinnuuee [ _n ]

Terminate current iteration of _n (default, one) ffoorr, uunnttiill, or wwhhiillee
constructs.  The shell executes ccoonnttiinnuuee directly.
#conv
ccoonnvv -- Numeric base converter

ccoonnvv [_n_u_m_b_e_r]

If no _n_u_m_b_e_r is given, reads one number per line from stdin.
#cp
ccpp -- Copy a file

ccpp [ -dd ]  _o_l_d_n_a_m_e _n_e_w_n_a_m_e
ccpp [ -dd ]  _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_N _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -dd        Preserve date (_m_t_i_m_e) on destination files.
#cpdir
ccppddiirr -- Copy directory hierarchy

ccppddiirr [_o_p_t_i_o_n ... ] _d_i_r_1 _d_i_r_2

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Verbose file by file account on one line
     -dd        Preserve last-modified date
     -ee        Recover from errors and continue
     -rr[_n]     _R_e_c_u_r _n levels only (default, one)
     -ss_n_a_m_e    Suppress copy of _n_a_m_e, which is relative to _d_i_r_1
     -tt        Test and report errors  do not change anything
     -uu        Update regular files if more recent
     -vv        Verbose file by file account
#cpio
ccppiioo -- Archiving/backup utility

ccppiioo -oo[BBaaccvv]
ccppiioo -ii[BBccddffmmrrttuuvv] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n...]
ccppiioo -pp[aaddllmmrruuvv] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Reset access time of input files after copying
     -BB        Change size of a block
     -cc        Write header information in ASCII rather than binary
     -dd        Create directories as needed
     -ff_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Copy all files except those matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
     -ii        Read the standard input
     -ll        Link files rather than copying them
     -mm        Retain previous modification times
     -oo_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Copy all files matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
     -pp        Read stdin for files names to copy to destination
     -rr        Interactively rename files
     -tt        Print table of contents of an existing archive
     -uu        Copy files unconditionally
     -vv        Verbose output
#cpp
ccpppp -- C preprocessor

/lliibb/ccpppp [_o_p_t_i_o_n...] [_f_i_l_e...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -DD_V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E
               Define _V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E
     -II _d_i_r    Search _d_i_r for header files
     -oo _f_i_l_e   Write output into _f_i_l_e
     -UU_V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E
               Undefine _V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E
#crypt
ccrryypptt -- Encrypt/decrypt text

ccrryypptt [_p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d]

Password is ten characters or fewer.  The same password encrypts and decrypts.
#ctags
ccttaaggss -- Generate tags and refs files for vi editor

ccttaaggss [-rr] _f_i_l_e_s...

#cut
ccuutt -- Select portions of each line of its input

ccuutt -cc_l_i_s_t [_f_i_l_e ...]
ccuutt -ff_l_i_s_t [-ss] [-dd _c_h_a_r] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc _l_i_s_t   _l_i_s_t specifies character positions
     -dd _c_h_a_r   Use _c_h_a_r as field delimiter
     -ff _l_i_s_t   _l_i_s_t specifies fields
     -ss        Suppress lines without field delimiters
#date
ddaattee -- Print/set the date and time

ddaattee [-ss] [-uu] [[_y_y_m_m_d_d]_h_h_m_m[._s_s]]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ss        Suppress daylight savings time conversion
     -uu        Print (and enter) date in Greenwich Mean Time
#db
ddbb -- Assembler-level symbolic debugger

ddbb [-ccddeeffoorrtt] [_m_a_p_f_i_l_e] [_d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Map _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e as a core file
     -dd        Map _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e as a system dump; _m_a_p_f_i_l_e defaults to /ccoohheerreenntt
     -ee        Next argument is object file and rest of command line is passed
               to the child process
     -ff        Map _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e as binary data
     -oo        _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e is an object file
     -rr        Access all files read-only
     -tt        Perform input and output via /ddeevv/ttttyy rather than stdin and
               stdout

By default, _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e is assumed to be an object file.  _m_a_p_f_i_l_e defaults to
ll.oouutt and _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e defaults to ccoorree.
#dc
ddcc -- Desk calculator

ddcc [_f_i_l_e]

Arbitrary precision desk calculator with registers, using reverse-Polish
notation.  Reads input from _f_i_l_e if given, then from stdin.
#dcheck
ddcchheecckk -- Check directory consistency

ddcchheecckk [-ss] [-ii _i_n_u_m_b_e_r...] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ss        Cause ddcchheecckk to correct link counts automatically
     -ii        Print information about each given i-number
#dd
dddd -- File conversion

dddd [_o_p_t_i_o_n=_v_a_l_u_e] ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     bbss=_n      Set I/O buffer size to _n
     ccbbss=_n     Set conversion buffer size to _n
     ccoonnvv=_l_i_s_t Comma-separated list of conversions:
        aasscciiii  Convert EBCDIC to ASCII
        eebbccddiicc Convert ASCII to standard EBCDIC
        iibbmm    Convert ASCII to IBM print codes
        llccaassee  Map all letters to lower case
        nnooeerrrroorr
               Continue if error occurs
        sswwaabb   Swap byte pairs
        ssyynncc   Pad input to _i_b_s
        uuccaassee  Map all letters to upper case
     ccoouunntt=_n   Number of buffers to copy from input
     ffiilleess=_n   Number of files to copy (useful with tape)
     iibbss=_n     Input buffer size
     iiff=_f_i_l_e   Set input file to _f_i_l_e
     oobbss=_n     Set output block size to _n
     ooff=_f_i_l_e   Set output file to _f_i_l_e
     sseeeekk=_n    Set seek position of output to _n
     sskkiipp=_n    Skip _n input blocks
#deroff
ddeerrooffff -- Remove text formatting control information

ddeerrooffff [-ww] [-xx] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ww        Divide the output into words, one per line
     -xx        Extra knowledge of macro packages
#detab
ddeettaabb -- Replace tab characters with spaces

ddeettaabb [-tt_t_a_b_s_i_z_e]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -tt_t_a_b_s_i_z_e Set _t_a_b_s_i_z_e (2-256, inclusive)
#df
ddff -- Measure free space on disk

ddff [-aaiitt] _d_e_v_i_c_e

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Give entries only for mounted devices
     -ii        Summarize i-node usage
     -tt        Give total number of blocks on _d_e_v_i_c_e
#diff
ddiiffff -- Summarize differences between two files

ddiiffff [-bbddeeffhh] [-cc _s_y_m_b_o_l] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb        Ignore trailing blanks; all strings of blanks are equal
     -cc _s_y_m    Make ccpppp input conditionalized on _s_y_m
     -dd        Use -hh algorithm for large (>25,000 character) files
     -ee        Make eedd script
     -ff        Make fake (non-usable) eedd script
     -hh        Half-hearted algorithm (works on long files)
     -ss        Make sseedd script

If either _f_i_l_e_1 or _f_i_l_e_2 is `-', stdin is used.  If one _f_i_l_e is a directory,
the other _f_i_l_e under that directory is used.
#diff3
ddiiffff33 -- Summarize differences among three files

ddiiffff33 [-eexx33] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 _f_i_l_e_3

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ee        Make eedd script to change _f_i_l_e_2 and _f_i_l_e to _f_i_l_e_1 (changes marked
               with ==== oorr ====33)
     -xx        Above script with changes marked ==== (all different)
     -33        Above script with changes marked ====33 (_f_i_l_e_3 different)
#dirs
ddiirrss -- Print the contents of the directory stack

ddiirrss

sshh only.
#disable
ddiissaabbllee -- Disable a port

/eettcc/ddiissaabbllee _p_o_r_t...

#dos
ddooss -- Transfer files to/from an MS-DOS file system

ddooss [-]ddFFllrrttxx[_f_l_a_g_s] [_d_e_v_i_c_e] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s:
     dd         Delete specified files
     FF         Build MS-DOS file system (format)
     ll[_l_a_b_e_l]  Label disk
     rr         Replace _f_i_l_e_s (default, all files in `.')
     tt         List contents (default, all files)
     xx         Extract specified _f_i_l_e_s (default, all files)
_F_l_a_g_s:
     aa         ASCII data extract/replace (default, binary data)
     cc         Read only; do not write changes to MS-DOS file system
     kk         Keep _m_t_i_m_e on extract/replace (default, now)
     nn         Newest files first in list (default, alphabetized)
     pp         Piped extract/replace
     ss_d_i_r      Suppress subdirectory _d_i_r
     vv         Verbose
     [11-99]     Specify logical drive on extended MS-DOS partition

The default device is /ddeevv/ddooss.
#drvld
ddrrvvlldd -- Load a loadable driver into memory

/eettcc/ddrrvvlldd -rr _d_r_i_v_e_r

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -rr        Remove any temporary files it creates in directory /ttmmpp.
#du
dduu -- Summarize disk usage

dduu [-aa] [-ss] [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Print an entry for each file
     -ss        Print only a summary
#dump
dduummpp -- File-system backup utility

dduummpp [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     00-99       Set dump level (default, 9)
     bb         Next argument is blocking factor (default, 20)
     dd         Next argument is density in bpi (default, 1600)
     ff         Next argument is output device name
     ss         Next argument is tape length in feet (default, 2300)
     SS         Next argument is floppy disk size in blocks
     uu         Update /eettcc/ddddaattee
     vv         Verbose (display date and tape length)
#dumpdate
dduummppddaattee -- Print dump dates

dduummppddaattee [_f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ...]

#dumpdir
dduummppddiirr -- Print the directory of a dump

dduummppddiirr [aaff [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...] ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     aa         List normally suppressed `.' and `..' names
     ff         Next argument is dump device name (default, /ddeevv/dduummpp)
#echo
eecchhoo -- Repeat/expand an argument

eecchhoo [-nn] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -nn        Do not print terminal newline

Copies all command arguments to the standard output, with the following
special-character sequences being replaced with the equivalent ASCII character:
     \bb        Backspace
     \cc        Print line without a newline (like -nn option)
     \ff        Formfeed
     \nn        Newline
     \rr        Carriage return
     \tt        Tab
     \vv        Vertical tab
     \\        Backslash
     \00_n_n_n     _n_n_n is octal value of desired character
#ed
eedd -- Interactive line editor

eedd [-] [+ccmmooppssvv] [_f_i_l_e]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -         Suppress character counts on rr, ww, ee commands
     -xx        Encrypt _f_i_l_e
     +cc        Print character counts on rr, ww, ee
     +mm        Allow multiple commands per line
     +oo        Print line counts instead of character counts
     +pp        Prompt for each command with `*'
     +ss        Lower case matches upper in patterns
     +vv        Verbose error messages
#egrep
eeggrreepp -- Extended pattern search

eeggrreepp [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb        Each output line has block number of match
     -cc        Print only a count of the matching lines
     -ee        Next argument is _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
     -ff        Next argument is file with one pattern per line
     -hh        Suppress printing of file names on matched lines
     -ll        Print only names of files containing matches
     -nn        Print line number of file with each matched line output
     -ss        Suppress output, just return status
     -vv        Negate the sense of match
     -yy        Lower-case letters in _p_a_t_t_e_r_n match upper- and lower-case

The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is a pattern roughly like that found in eedd.  If no _f_i_l_e is
specified, stdin is read.  eeggrreepp is like ggrreepp -aa, but is an order of magnitude
faster.
#elvis
eellvviiss -- Clone of Berkeley-standard screen editor

eellvviiss [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ +_c_m_d ] [ _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7 ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ee        Begin in colon-command mode
     -ii        Begin in input mode
     -rr        Recover a previous edit
     -RR        Read-only mode
     -tt _t_a_g    Begin editing at _t_a_g
     -mm        Use in error-handling mode
     -vv        Begin in visual-command mode
     +_c_o_m_m_a_n_d  Execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d before editing
#enable
eennaabbllee -- Enable a port

/eettcc/eennaabbllee _p_o_r_t...

#epson
eeppssoonn -- Print files on Epson printer

eeppssoonn [ -ccddffrrww88 ] [ -bb _h_e_a_d ] [ -ii _n ] [ -oo _o_f_i_l_e ] [ -ss _n ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     bb _h_e_a_d    Print wide banner _h_e_a_d at top of first page
     cc         Compressed printing
     dd         Print boldface with double strike, not emphasize mode
     ff         Suppress formfeed after each _f_i_l_e
     ii_n        Indent output 'n' spaces
     oo _o_f_i_l_e   Send output to _o_f_i_l_e (default, /ddeevv/llpp)
     rr         Use only Roman character set (no italics)
     ss_n        Vertical spacing _n (default, 1)
     ww         Double-width printing
     88         Eight lines per inch (default, six)
#eval
eevvaall -- Evaluate arguments

eevvaall [_t_o_k_e_n ...]

The shell executes eevvaall directly.
#ex
eexx -- Berkeley-style line editor

eexx [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ +_c_m_d ] [ _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7 ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -rr        Recover a previous edit
     -RR        Read-only mode
     -tt _t_a_g    Begin editing at _t_a_g
     -mm        Use in error-handling mode
     +_c_o_m_m_a_n_d  Execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d before editing
#exec
eexxeecc -- Execute command directly

eexxeecc [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d]

The shell executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d by eexxeecc rather than ffoorrkk.  This normally terminates
the current shell.  Current shell I/O may be redirected by eexxeecc with no
_c_o_m_m_a_n_d.
#exit
eexxiitt -- Exit from a noninteractive shell

eexxiitt [_s_t_a_t_u_s]

The previous status is retained if none is specified.  eexxiitt sets the status but
does not terminate an interactive shell.  The shell executes eexxiitt directly.
#export
eexxppoorrtt -- Add a shell variable to the environment

eexxppoorrtt [_n_a_m_e ...]
eexxppoorrtt [_n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e]

#expr
eexxpprr -- Compute a command line expression

eexxpprr _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     nn         Any integer with optional sign
     _s_t_r_i_n_g    Used with comparisons and lleenn operator
     +         Arithmetic operators (one of `+', `-', `*', `/', `%')
     !         Unary not
     -         Unary minus
     ==        Relational operators (one of `>', `<', `>=', `<=', `==', `!=')
     &         Logical AND of previous and next expression
     |         Logical OR of previous and next expression
     lleenn       Length of string given by next argument
     _e_1:_e_2     Set to number of characters matching regular expression _e_2 in
               string _e_1; if _e_2 contains any `\(...\)' sequences, result is
               concatenation of matched parts
     (         PPaarreenntthheesseess ffoorr ggrroouuppiinngg
     {
               EEvvaalluuaattee _e_2 if _e_1 is true, _e_3 otherwise; _e_3 defaults to 0 if
               missing
#factor
ffaaccttoorr -- Factor a number

ffaaccttoorr [ _n_u_m_b_e_r ... ]

#false
ffaallssee -- Unconditional failure

ffaallssee

#fc
ffcc -- Edit and re-execute one or more previous commands

ffcc [-llnn] [_f_i_r_s_t [_l_a_s_t]]
ffcc -ss [_o_l_d=_n_e_w] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d]"

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ll        Print commands on stdout
     -nn        Suppress default command numbers

kksshh only.
#fdformat
ffddffoorrmmaatt -- Format a floppy disk

/eettcc/ffddffoorrmmaatt [ _o_p_t_i_o_n ... ] _s_p_e_c_i_a_l

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Print information on stdout during format
     -ii _n      Interleave factor _n (0-7; default, 6)
     -oo _n      Skew factor _n for sector numbering (default, 0)
     -vv        Verify
     -ww _f_i_l_e   Copy _f_i_l_e to formatted floppy disk track by track
#fdisk
ffddiisskk -- Hard-disk partitioning utility

/eettcc/ffddiisskk [-rr] [-cc] [-bb _m_b_o_o_t] _x_d_e_v

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -rr        Read-only access
     -bb        Add master boot code from file _m_b_o_o_t
     -cc        Specify disk geometry for non-standard drives

A hard disk can be split into a maximum of four partitions (logical devices).
#file
ffiillee -- Guess a file's type

ffiillee _f_i_l_e ...

#find
ffiinndd -- Search for files satisfying a pattern

ffiinndd _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ... [_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n ...]

_E_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n:
     -aattiimmee _n  File has been accessed in _n days
     -ccttiimmee _n  File's i-node has been changed in _n days
     -eexxeecc _c_m_d Command _c_m_d is successful
     -ggrroouupp _g_n File belongs to group _g_n
     -iinnuumm _n   File has i-node _n
     -lliinnkkss _n  File has _n links to it
     -mmttiimmee _n  File has been modified within _n days
     -nnaammee _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
               File name matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n (shell conventions)
     -nneewweerr_f_i_l_e
               File has been modified since _f_i_l_e
     -nnoopp      Always true; does nothing
     -ookk _c_m_d   Like -eexxeecc, except it asks
     -ppeerrmm _o_c_t_a_l
               File permissions are _o_c_t_a_l
     -pprriinntt    Always true; prints current path name
     -ssiizzee _n   File is _n blocks long
     -ttyyppee _c   File matches type (_c may be [bcdfmp])
     -uusseerr _u_n_a_m_e
               _u_n_a_m_e owns file
     eexxpp -aa _e_x_p _e_x_p
               Both expressions are true
     eexxpp -oo _e_x_p _e_x_p
               One of the expressions is true
     ! _e_x_p     Expression is false
     (_e_x_p)     Parentheses for grouping

If no expression is specified, -pprriinntt is assumed.
#fixstack
ffiixxssttaacckk -- Change stack allocation

ffiixxssttaacckk +-_v_a_l_u_e [ _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ]

#fnkey
ffnnkkeeyy -- Set/print function keys for a terminal

ffnnkkeeyy [ _n [ _s_t_r_i_n_g ] ]

Sets function key _n to send given string; if no string, set it to send nothing.
If _n is 00, reset all function keys to send nothing.  If no arguments, prints
function keys.
#for
ffoorr -- Execute commands for tokens in list

ffoorr _n_a_m_e [iinn _t_o_k_e_n ...] ddoo _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e ddoonnee

If _i_n clause is omitted, list of positional parameters to current script is
assumed.  Both ddoo and ddoonnee must be first token on line or preceded by `;'.  The
shell executes ffoorr directly.
#fortune
ffoorrttuunnee -- Print randomly selected, hopefully humorous, text

/uussrr/ggaammeess/ffoorrttuunnee [ _f_i_l_e ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     _f_i_l_e      Read a fortune from _f_i_l_e, instead of the default file
               /uussrr/ggaammeess/lliibb/ffoorrttuunneess
#from
ffrroomm -- Generate list of numbers, for use in loop

ffrroomm _s_t_a_r_t ttoo _s_t_o_p [ bbyy _i_n_c_r ]

_s_t_a_r_t, _s_t_o_p, and _i_n_c_r (default, one) are decimal integers with optional `-'.
#fsck
ffsscckk -- Check and repair file systems interactively

/eettcc/ffsscckk [ -ffnnqqyy ] [ -tt _t_e_m_p_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ff        Fast check; check only if a block is claimed by more than one i-
               node, by an i-node and the free list, or more than once in the
               free list
     -nn        Default reply of no to all queries
     -qq        Quiet option; syppress file name warning messages
     -tt        Use _t_e_m_p_f_i_l_e instead of /ddeevv/rrrraamm11 for temporary storage
     -yy        Default reply of yes to all queries
#fwtable
ffwwttaabbllee -- Build font-width table

ffwwttaabbllee [ -ppvv ] [ _i_n_f_i_l_e [ _o_u_t_f_i_l_e ] ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -pp        Input is PostScript AFM file, not PCL bitmap font
     -vv        Write a brief font description to stderr
#getopts
ggeettooppttss -- Parse command-line options

ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [ _o_p_t ]

kksshh only.
#grep
ggrreepp -- Pattern search

ggrreepp [ooppttiioonn ...] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Extra metacharacters supported (`(...)', `|', `+', and `?')
     -bb        Each output line has block number of match
     -cc        Print only count of matching lines
     -ee        Next argument is pattern
     -ff        Next argument is file containing one pattern per line
     -hh        Suppress printing of file names on matched lines
     -ll        Print only names of files containing matches
     -nn        Print line number of file with each matched line output
     -ss        Suppress output, just return status
     -vv        Negate sense of match
     -xx        Exact match (don't expand metacharacters)
     -yy        Lower-case letters in _p_a_t_t_e_r_n match upper- and lower-case

The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is a regular expression roughly like that found in eedd.  If no _f_i_l_e
is specified, stdin is read.
#hash
hhaasshh -- Add a command to the shell's hash table

hhaasshh [-rr] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -rr        Remove _c_o_m_m_a_n_d from hash table

kksshh only.
#head
hheeaadd -- Print the beginning of a file

hheeaadd [+_n[bbccll]] [_f_i_l_e]
hheeaadd [-_n[bbccll]] [_f_i_l_e]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     +         Count from beginning of file
     -         Count from end of file
     bb         Count in blocks
     cc         Count in characters
     ll         Count in lines
#help
hheellpp -- Print concise description of command

hheellpp _c_o_m_m_a_n_d

If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is omitted, print information about $LLAASSTTEERRRROORR.
#hp
hhpp -- Prepare files for Hewlett-Packard LaserJet printer

hhpp [ -aaccffllrr ] [ -ii_m_a_r_g ] [ -tt_t_o_p ] [ -pp_l_i_n_e_s ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Substitute ` ' for '
     -cc        Toggle cartridge in place switch
     -ff        Print pages in forward order (default)
     -ll        Landscape mode
     -ii_m_a_r_g    Indent to _m_a_r_g
     -pp_l_i_n_e_s   Page length is _l_i_n_e_s
     -rr        Print pages in reverse order (for LaserJet I).
     -tt_m_a_r_g    Set top margin to _m_a_r_g
#hpr
hhpprr -- Send file to Hewlett-Packard LaserJet printer spooler

hhpprr [-BBcceemmnnrr] [-bb _b_a_n_n_e_r] [ -ff _f_o_n_t_n_u_m] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -BB        Suppress banner page and extra page at termination
     -bb        Next argument is the banner
     -cc        Make a copy of each _f_i_l_e in spool area
     -ee        Erase all fonts from printer's memory
     -ff _f_o_n_t_n_u_m _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_N
               Load into printer memory the HP soft fonts in _f_i_l_e_1 through
               _f_i_l_e_N; set font identifiers beginning with _f_o_n_t_n_u_m
     -mm        Send a message when listing is complete
     -nn        No message (default)
     -rr        Remove files when they have been spooled
#hpskip
hhppsskkiipp -- Abort/restart current listing on Hewlett-Packard LaserJet

hhppsskkiipp [-rr]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -rr        Restarts the current listing
#icheck
iicchheecckk -- i-node consistency check

iicchheecckk [-ss] [-bb _N ...] [ -vv ] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb        The following numeric arguments give block numbers; all
               references to these blocks are printed, with type
     -ss        Repair file system (requires write access)
     -vv        Print summary of information about file system
#if
iiff -- Execute a command conditionally

iiff _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_1 tthheenn _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_2 [eelliiff _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_3 tthheenn _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_4] ... [eellssee _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_5] ffii

Each tthheenn, eelliiff, eellssee, and ffii must occur unquoted at the start of a line or
preceded by `;'.  The shell executes iiff directly.
#install
iinnssttaallll -- Install COHERENT update

/eettcc/iinnssttaallll _i_d _d_e_v_i_c_e _n_d_i_s_k_s

#jobs
jjoobbss -- Print information about jobs

jjoobbss

kksshh only.
#join
jjooiinn -- Join two data bases

jjooiinn [-aa [_n] ] [-ee _s_t_r_i_n_g ] [-jj[_n] _k_e_y_f] [-oo _n._m ...] [-tt_c] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa[_n]     Print unpaired records from file _n
     -ee _s      Replace empty fields on output with string _s
     -jj[_n] _k_e_y Use _k_e_y of file _n for comparison
     -oo [_n.]_m ..
               Subsequent arguments list fields to output; each has file _n and
               field number _m
     -tt_c       Field separator is character _c

If either _f_i_l_e_1 or _f_i_l_e_2 is `-', stdin is used.  The optional file _n may be
either 1 or 2; if omitted, both 1 and 2 are assumed.
#kermit
kkeerrmmiitt -- Remote system communication and file transfer

kkeerrmmiitt cc[bbeellLL _b_a_u_d _e_s_c _l_i_n_e]
kkeerrmmiitt rr[bbddffhhiillLLtt _b_a_u_d _l_i_n_e]
kkeerrmmiitt ss[aabbddffhhiillLLmmttxx _b_a_u_d _l_i_n_e] _f_i_l_e ...

_M_o_d_e_s:
     cc         Connect
     rr         Receive
     ss         Send
_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     aa         Specify path for sending and receiving files
     bb _b_a_u_d    Use given baud rate
     dd         Print debug information
     ee _e_s_c     Use _e_s_c as escape character (default, `^')
     ff         Suppress file-name conversion
     hh         Host mode
     ii         Image mode (for non-ASCII transfer)
     ll _l_i_n_e    Use given line
     LL         Log all commands into file LLoogg
     mm         Macintosh mode
     tt         Tymnet mode
     xx         Use complete path name for receiving file
_C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s:
     _e_s_ccc      Exit from kkeerrmmiitt
     _e_s_css      Suspend kkeerrmmiitt
#kill
kkiillll -- Signal a process

kkiillll [- _s_i_g_n_a_l ] _p_i_d ...

#ksh
kksshh -- The Korn shell

kksshh _t_o_k_e_n ...

#lc
llcc -- List/categorize files in a directory

llcc [ -11aabbccddffpp ] [ _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -11        List files one per line instead of in columns
     -aa        List all files in directory (including `.' and `..')
     -bb        List block-special files only
     -cc        List character-special files only
     -dd        List directories only
     -ff        List regular files only
     -pp        List pipe files only

Options can be combined.  If no _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y is specified, the current directory
is used.
#ld
lldd -- Link relocatable object files

lldd [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Define commons (even if undefined symbols)
     -ee _e_n_t    Set entry point to symbol or octal number
     -ii        Bind output sepid
     -kk[_s_y_s]   Kernel process: use system symbol table (default, /ccoohheerreenntt)
     -ll_l_i_b     Use standard library _l_i_b
     -mm        Perform in-memory load if possible (larger but faster)
     -nn        Bind output shared, force -ii option
     -oo _f_i_l_e   Write output into _f_i_l_e (default, _l._o_u_t)
     -rr        Retain relocation information
     -ss        Discard symbol table
     -uu _s_y_m    Undefine _s_y_m (force library search)
     -xx        Discard all local symbols
     -XX        Discard C internal local symbols
#let
lleett -- Evaluate an expression

lleett [_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n]

kksshh only.
#lex
lleexx -- Lexical analyzer generator

lleexx [-tt][-vv][_f_i_l_e]
cccc lleexx.yyyy.cc -llll

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -tt        Write to standard output instead of lleexx.yyyy.cc
     -vv        Give statistics about generated tables
#lines
lliinneess -- Highly amusing board game

/uussrr/ggaammeess/lliinneess

#ln
llnn -- Create a link to a file

llnn [-ff] _o_l_d_f_i_l_e [_n_e_w_f_i_l_e]
llnn [-ff] _o_l_d_f_i_l_e ... _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -ff        Force link even if new file exists
#login
llooggiinn -- Log in or change user name

llooggiinn [_u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e]

#look
llooookk -- Find matching lines in a sorted file

llooookk [-ddff] _s_t_r_i_n_g [_f_i_l_e]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Dictionary ordering
     -ff        Fold cases for comparison

If no _f_i_l_e, llooookk uses /uussrr/ddiicctt/wwoorrddss with -ddff option.
#lpr
llpprr -- Send to line printer spooler

llpprr [-ccmmnnrr] [-bb _b_a_n_n_e_r] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -BB        Suppress printing of a banner
     -bb        Next argument is the banner
     -cc        Copy each _f_i_l_e in spool area
     -mm        Send a message when listing is complete
     -nn        No message (default)
     -rr        Remove files when they have been spooled
#lpskip
llppsskkiipp -- Terminate/restart current line printer listing

llppsskkiipp [-rr]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -rr        Restart current listing

With no argument, terminate current listing.
#ls
llss -- List directory's contents

llss [-aabbCCccddFFffggiillmmnnooppqqRRrrssttuuxx] [_f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        List all files (including `.' and `..')
     -bb        Print non-graphic characters in octal
     -CC        Print output in multi-column format, sorted down the columns
     -cc        Use attribute change instead of modified time for -ll and -tt
     -dd        Treat directories like files
     -FF        Print `/' after directories and `*' after executables
     -ff        Treat _f_i_l_e as a directory even if it is not
     -ii        Print the i-number as well
     -ll        Long format: show file type, permissions, size
     -mm        Output file names separated by commas
     -nn        Same as -ll
     -pp        Print `/' after directory names
     -qq        Print non-graphic characters as `?'
     -RR        Recursively display directories
     -rr        Reverse the order of all sorting
     -ss        Print the file size in blocks as well
     -tt        Sort by times, newest first
     -uu        Use accessed rather than modified time
     -xx        Print multicolumn output, sorted across the columns
#m4
mm44 -- Macro processor

mm44 [ffiillee ...]

If _f_i_l_e is `-' or omitted, mm44 reads the standard input.
#mail
mmaaiill -- Computer mail

mmaaiill [-mmppqqrrvv] [-ff _f_i_l_e] [_u_s_e_r ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ff _f_i_l_e   Print mail from _f_i_l_e instead of default
     -mm        Notify each logged-in recipient when mail is sent
     -pp        Print mail non-interactively
     -qq        Exit on interrupt, leaving mail unchanged
     -rr        Print mail in reverse order
     -vv        Verbose mode: show version and expanded aliases

If _u_s_e_r is present, send each a mail message read from standard input.  Mail
message ends with EOF, a line containing only `.', or a line containing only
`?'; the last moves the message into editor for further editing processing
before transmission.
_C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s:
     dd         Delete current message; print the next
     mm [_u_s_e_r ...]
               Mail current message to each _u_s_e_r
     pp         Print this message again
     qq         Quit and update mailbox
     rr         Reverse direction of scan through mailbox
     ss [_f_i_l_e ...]
               Save current message with header in each _f_i_l_e
     tt [_u_s_e_r ...]
               Send message from stdin to each _u_s_e_r
     ww  [_f_i_l_e ...]
               Write current message without header in each _f_i_l_e
     xx         Exit without updating mailbox
     <nneewwlliinnee> Print the next message
     -         Print the previous message
     EOF       Quit and update mailbox; same as qq command
     ?         Print a command summary
     !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d  Pass _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to the shell for execution
#make
mmaakkee -- Program building discipline

mmaakkee [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...] [_t_a_r_g_e_t ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Debug mode
     -ee        Macro definitions in environment override those in makefile
     -ff _f_i_l_e   Instructions are in _f_i_l_e (default, [mmMM]aakkeeffiillee)
     -ii        Ignore command error returns
     -nn        Test: do all but execute commands
     -pp        Print macro definitions and target descriptions
     -qq        Only return exit status (zero if files up to date)
     -rr        Ignore built-in rules
     -ss        Do not print command lines when executed
     -tt        Update times of files without regenerating
#man
mmaann -- Print Lexicon entries

mmaann [-ww] [_t_o_p_i_c ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ww        Print only file name where document resides

With no arguments, list available topics.
#me
mmee -- MicroEMACS screen editor

mmee [-ee _e_r_r_o_r_f_i_l_e] [-ff _b_i_n_d_f_i_l_e] [_t_e_x_t_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ee _e_r_r_o_r_f_i_l_e
               Error-handling mode; read error messages from _e_r_r_o_r_f_i_l_e
     -ff _b_i_n_d_f_i_l_e
               Read keyboard bindings from _b_i_n_d_f_i_l_e
#mesg
mmeessgg -- Permit/deny messages from other users

mmeessgg [nnyy]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     nn         Disallow messages
     yy         Allow messages

With no arguments, mmeessgg prints the state.
#mkdir
mmkkddiirr -- Create a directory

mmkkddiirr [ -rr ] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -rr        Make parent directories recursively as required
#mkfnames
mmkkffnnaammeess -- Generate data base of user names

mmkkffnnaammeess [_n_a_m_e_f_i_l_e  ...]

#mkfs
mmkkffss -- Make a new file system

/eettcc/mmkkffss [-bb _b_o_o_t] [-dd] [-ff _n_a_m_e] [-ii _i_n_o_d_e_s] [-mm _a_r_g] [-nn _a_r_g] [-pp _p_a_c_k] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m _p_r_o_t_o

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb _b_o_o_t   Specifies the file to use as the ``bootstrap'' for the
               filesystem.
     -dd        Preserve file dates and times.
     -ff _n_a_m_e   Label the filesystem with the given _n_a_m_e.  _n_a_m_e must be less
               than seven characters in length.
     -ii _i_n_o_d_e_s Use _i_n_o_d_e_s as the number of inodes for the filesystem.
     -mm _a_r_g    Number of blocks to skip when incrementing virtual block number
     -nn _a_r_g    Size of a ``virtual cylinder''
     -pp _p_a_c_k   Set the filesystem ``pack name'' to _p_a_c_k.  _p_a_c_k must be less
               than seven characters in length.

If _p_r_o_t_o is a number, it is the size in blocks of an empty file system;
otherwise, it names a prototype description file, as created by the command
bbaaddssccaann.
#mknod
mmkknnoodd -- Make a special file or named pipe

/eettcc/mmkknnoodd [ -ff ] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e _t_y_p_e _m_a_j_o_r _m_i_n_o_r
/eettcc/mmkknnoodd [ -ff ] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e pp

_O_p_t_i_o_n
     -ff        Forces creation of a new node, even if one of same name already
               exists

In first form of the command, _t_y_p_e is `b' for block special or `c' for
character special; _m_a_j_o_r and _m_i_n_o_r are numbers.  The second form creates a
named pipe with the given _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.
#more
mmoorree -- Display text one page at a time

mmoorree [ -ccddffllssuu ] [ -_w_i_n_d_o_w__s_i_z_e ] [ +_l_i_n_e__n_u_m_b_e_r ] [ +/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] [ - ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -         Read/display stdin
     -cc        Paint screen from top down
     -dd        Prompt user to quit after each screenful of text
     -ff        Count lines from file rather than screen-display lines
     -ll        Do not treat <ccttrrll-LL> as special
     -ss        Squeeze consecutive blank lines into one
     -uu        Display backspaces as control characters
     +lliinnee_nnuummbbeerr
               Begin display at _l_i_n_e__n_u_m_b_e_r
     +/ppaatttteerrnn Begin display at first line to contain _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
#mount
mmoouunntt -- Mount a file system

/eettcc/mmoouunntt [ _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y [ -rruu ] ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -rr        Mount device read-only
     -uu        Update /eettcc/mmttaabb entry but do not mount device

With no arguments, print devices currently mounted.  _s_p_e_c_i_a_l names a device-
special file; _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y names the directory on which to mount it.  File
/bbiinn/mmoouunntt contains useful abbreviations for invoking /eettcc/mmoouunntt.
#msg
mmssgg -- Send a brief message to other users

mmssgg _u_s_e_r
_m_e_s_s_a_g_e

#msgs
mmssggss -- Read messages intended for all COHERENT users

mmssggss [-_q] [_n_u_m_b_e_r]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -qq        Query if new message is waiting to be read
     _n_u_m_b_e_r    Print message titled with given _n_u_m_b_e_r

To submit a message to mmssggss, mail it to user mmssggss.
#mv
mmvv -- Rename files or directories

mmvv [-ff] _o_l_d_f_i_l_e [_n_e_w_f_i_l_e]
mmvv [-ff] _f_i_l_e ... _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -ff        Force: remove _n_e_w_f_i_l_e even if unwritable
#ncheck
nncchheecckk -- Print file names corresponding to i-node

nncchheecckk [ -ii _n_u_m_b_e_r ... ] [ -aass ] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Print file names including `.' and `..'
     -ii _n...   Print file names only for listed i-numbers _n...
     -ss        Print only special files and files with setuid mode
#newgrp
nneewwggrrpp -- Change to a new group

nneewwggrrpp _g_r_o_u_p

#newusr
nneewwuussrr -- Add new user to COHERENT system

/eettcc/nneewwuussrr _l_o_g_i_n "_U_s_e_r _N_a_m_e" _p_a_r_e_n_t_d_i_r

#nm
nnmm -- Print a program's symbol table

nnmm [ -aaddggnnoopprruu ] _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Print all symbols
     -dd        Print only definitions
     -gg        Print only global symbols
     -nn        Sort numerically (default, sort by name)
     -oo        Prepend file or member name to each line
     -pp        Print in symbol table order (no sort)
     -rr        Reverse order of sort
     -uu        Print undefined symbols

_f_i_l_e may be an object file or an archive.
#nptx
nnppttxx -- Generate permutations of users' full names

nnppttxx

#nroff
nnrrooffff -- Text-formatting language

nnrrooffff [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Debug: print each request before executing
     -ff _n_a_m_e   Write temporary file in file _n_a_m_e
     -ii        Read stdin after each _f_i_l_e has been read
     -kk        Keep temporary file
     -mm_n_a_m_e    Read macro package /uussrr/lliibb/ttmmaacc._n_a_m_e
     -nn_N       Number first page of output _N (default, 1)
     -rr_a_N      Set number register _a to value _N
     -xx        Do not eject to bottom of final page
#od
oodd -- Print an octal dump of a file

oodd [-bbccddooxx] [_f_i_l_e] [ [+] _o_f_f_s_e_t[.][bb] ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb        Dump bytes in the default base
     -cc        Dump bytes as ASCII characters
     -dd        Dump words in decimal
     -oo        Dump words in octal
     -xx        Dump words in hexadecimal

Default base is octal on the PDP-11; hexadecimal on the i80286, Z-8001, and
M68000.  _o_f_f_s_e_t must be preceded by `+' if _f_i_l_e is omitted.  _o_f_f_s_e_t is decimal
if `.' is present; `b' implies 512-byte blocks instead of bytes.
#passwd
ppaasssswwdd -- Set/change login password

ppaasssswwdd [_u_s_e_r]

#paste
ppaassttee -- Merge lines of files

ppaassttee [-ss] [-dd _l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ss        Display lines of input files sequentially across page
     -dd _l_i_s_t   Use _l_i_s_t as delimiters for output fields
#pax
ppaaxx -- Portable archive interchange


The options are the same as those for the command ttaarr.
#phone
pphhoonnee -- Print numbers and addresses from phone directory

pphhoonnee _p_e_r_s_o_n ...

#popd
ppooppdd -- Pop an item from the directory stack

ppooppdd [_i_t_e_m ... ]

sshh only.
#pr
pprr -- Paginate and print files

pprr [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ _f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     +_s_k_i_p     Skip the first _s_k_i_p pages of input before printing
     -_c_o_l_s     Print the input in _c_o_l_s columns
     -hh        The next argument is the header (replaces file name)
     -ll_n       Set page size to _n lines (default, 66)
     -mm        Print each input _f_i_l_e in a separate column
     -nn        Number the output lines
     -ss_c       Separate each column with character _c
     -tt        Suppress top and bottom margins and header
     -ww_n       Page width is set to _n columns (default, 80)

A _f_i_l_e named `-' means stdin.
#prep
pprreepp -- Produce a word list

pprreepp [ -ddffpp ] [ -ii _i_f_i_l_e ] [ -oo _o_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Print number of each word output
     -ff        Fold upper case to lower case
     -ii _f_i_l_e   Ignore all words in _f_i_l_e on output
     -oo _f_i_l_e   Output only words from _f_i_l_e
     -pp        Print punctuation marks on separate lines (not numbered)

Text is taken from each input _f_i_l_e or stdin if none.  Words consist of
alphabetic characters and apostrophes.
#print
pprriinntt -- Echo text onto the standard output

pprriinntt [-eennrruu_n] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ee        Re-enable expansion of C escape sequences
     -nn        Don't print newline after list of arguments
     -rr        Suppress expansion of C escape sequences
     -uu_n       Redirect output file descriptor _n

kksshh only.
#prof
pprrooff -- Print execution profile of a C program

pprrooff [ -aabbccss ][ _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e [ _m_o_n_f_i_l_e ] ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Use all symbols, not just externals
     -bb        Print all bin information
     -cc        Print all call information
     -ss        Report stack usage high water mark

The default _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e is ll.oouutt; the default _m_o_n_f_i_l_e, mmoonn.oouutt.
#prps
pprrppss -- Prepare files for PostScript-compatible printer

pprrppss [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [_f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -_p_t_s_i_z_e   Use _p_t_s_i_z_e as the point size (default, 10)
     -bb        Suppress the box around the page text
     -ff_f_o_n_t    Use the given font name (default, Courier)
     -FF_X       Use font X, which must be [ABHNPST]
     -FF_s_f_x     Use _s_f_x as suffix for font X, which must be [RRBBII].  Default
               suffixes are "" (R), -BBoolldd (B), -OObblliiqquuee (I)
     -hh        Suppress the header line
     -ll        Landscape mode (default, portrait)
     -ll22       Landscape mode, two pages per output page
     -nn_h_e_a_d    Use _h_e_a_d in header line
     -pp_N       Print _N lines of text per output page
     -tt_N       Set tab stops to every _N characters (default, 8)
     +_N        Skip first _N output pages
#ps
ppss -- Print process status

ppss [ -aaffggllmmnnrrttwwxx ] [ -cc _s_y_s ] [ -kk _m_e_m ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Print all terminals' processes
     -cc _s_y_s    Next argument is system (default, /ccoohheerreenntt)
     -dd        Print status of loadable drivers
     -ff        Put `-' in null fields for placeholders
     -gg        Give group leader for this process
     -kk _m_e_m    Next argument is memory image (default, /ddeevv/mmeemm)
     -ll        Print long format
     -mm        Print scheduling information
     -nn        No header line
     -rr        Give the real size of the process
     -tt        Print CPU times
     -ww        Wide column format (132 columns instead of default 80)
     -xx        Print processes with no controlling tty
#pushd
ppuusshhdd -- Push an item onto the directory stack

ppuusshhdd [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_0 ... _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_N]

sshh only.
#pwd
ppwwdd -- Print the name of the current directory

ppwwdd

#qfind
qqffiinndd -- Find all files with a given name

qqffiinndd [-aaddpp] _n_a_m_e ...
qqffiinndd [-bb]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        All: search for files or directories
     -bb        Build file data base
     -dd        Search for directories only
     -pp        Partial name matching

Run as rroooott when using -bb to find everything.
#quot
qquuoott -- Summarize file-system usage

qquuoott [ -cc ] [ -ff ] [ -nn ] [ -tt ] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Print file size, number of files of size, and cumulative total
               blocks up to size
     -ff        Print number of files plus number of blocks per user
     -nn        Input (i-number, file system) pairs one per line; output owners
               and file names (e.g.: nncchheecckk ffss | ssoorrtt +00nn | qquuoott -nn ffss)
     -tt        Print totals (where applicable)

Options -cc and -nn are disjoint from other options.  Only the superuser rroooott can
run qquuoott.
#ranlib
rraannlliibb -- Create index for object library

rraannlliibb _l_i_b_r_a_r_y ...

#read
rreeaadd -- Assign values to shell variables

rreeaadd _n_a_m_e ...

Reads a line from stdin and assign each token to corresponding shell variable
_n_a_m_e.  The shell executes rreeaadd directly.
#readonly
rreeaaddoonnllyy -- Mark a shell variable as read only

rreeaaddoonnllyy

#reboot
rreebboooott -- Reboot the COHERENT system

/eettcc/rreebboooott [ -pp ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -pp        Prompt user if she really wishes to reboot
#ref
rreeff -- Display a C function header

rreeff _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n

#restor
rreessttoorr -- Restore file system

rreessttoorr _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_d_u_m_p__d_e_v_i_c_e][_f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m][_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     ff         Next argument names the dump device
     rr         Mass restore (also RR)
     tt         Print taken and since dates of the dump
     vv         Verbose (print commentary during mass restore)
     xx         Selective extract of argument files (also `X')
#rev
rreevv -- Print text backwards

rreevv [_f_i_l_e ...]

#rm
rrmm -- Remove files

rrmm [ -ffiirrttvv ] _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ff        Force: remove unwritable files, suppress error messages and
               prompts
     -ii        Ask before removing each file
     -rr        Recursively remove entire directory structure
     -tt        Test: perform all checks but do not remove files
     -vv        Verbose: report the disposition of each file
#rmdir
rrmmddiirr -- Remove directories

rrmmddiirr [ -ff ] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -ff        Force: remove a file without interactive checking
#sa
ssaa -- Print a summary of process accounting

ssaa [-aabbccjjllmmnnrrssttuu] [-vv _N] [_f_i_l_e]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Commands seen once or unprintable called ***ootthheerr
     -bb        Sort by average CPU time per call
     -cc        Print CPU time as percentage of all CPU time used
     -jj        Print average times per call, not totals
     -ll        Separate user and system times
     -mm        Information per user, not per command
     -nn        Sort by number of calls
     -rr        Reverse sort
     -ss        Condense the information
     -tt        Print CPU time as percentage of real time
     -uu        Print user and command directly from raw file
     -vv_N       If called no more than _N times, put it into **jjuunnkk**

The default _f_i_l_e is /uussrr/aaddmm/aacccctt.
#scat
ssccaatt -- Print text files one screenful at a time

ssccaatt [ [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_f_i_l_e ... ] ] ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -11        Do not stop at EOF if exactly one file specified
     -bb_n       Begin output at line _n
     -cc        Mark control characters (overrides -tt)
     -ccss       Like -cc, but map space to underscore `_', and prefix underscore
               with `\'
     -cctt       Like -cc, but map tabs to spaces
     -iinn       Skip _n columns on output
     -llnn       Set screen length to _n lines
     -nn        Number input lines
     -rr        Remote; no paging
     -ss        Squash empty lines
     -SS_n       Seek _n bytes into input before processing
     -tt        Truncate lines to line length (default, wraparound)
     -ww_n       Set screen width to _n columns
     -xx        Expand tabs
_C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s:
     <rreettuurrnn>  Next page
     <ssppaaccee>   Next line
     /         Next half page
     ff         Print file names and line number
     nn         Next file
     qq         Quit
#sed
sseedd -- Stream editor

sseedd [ -nn ] [-ee _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s] [-ff _s_c_r_i_p_t] ... _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ee        Direct command follows
     -ff        File name of command script follows
     -nn        No implicit output
#set
sseett -- Set shell option flags and positional parameters

sseett [-cceeiikknnssttuuvvxx [_n_a_m_e ...] ] (Bourne shell)
sseett [[+-]aaeeffhhkkmmnnuuvvxx] [[+-]oo _n_a_m_e] (Korn shell)

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Automatically export all new variables (kksshh)
     -cc _s_t_r_i_n_g Read commands from _s_t_r_i_n_g (sshh)
     -ee        Exit on any error
     -ff        Noglob:  Don't expand file names (kksshh)
     -hh        Automatically add all commands to hash table (kksshh)
     -ii        Shell is always interactive (sshh)
     -kk        Place all keyword arguments into environment (sshh)
     -kk        Recognize variables anywhere in command (kksshh)
     -mm        Enable job control (kksshh)
     -nn        Read commands but do not execute
     -oo _o_p_t_i_o_n Set _o_p_t_i_o_n (kksshh)
     -ss        Read commands from stdin; write to stderr (sshh)
     -tt        Read one command rather than entire file (sshh)
     -uu        If variable is blank, report error
     -vv        Print each line as it is read
     -xx        Print each command as it's executed
     -         Cancel -vv and -xx options (sshh)

With kksshh, prefixing an option with `+' turns it on; prefixing it with `-' turns
it off.
#sh
sshh -- The Bourne shell

sshh [-cceeiikknnssttuuvvxx] _t_o_k_e_n ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc _c_m_d_s   Read commands from _c_m_d_s
     -ee        Exit on any error if noninteractive
     -ii        Interactive even if no tty attached
     -kk        Place all keyword args into global environment
     -nn        Read commands but do not execute them
     -ss        Read commands from stdin, write output to stderr
     -tt        Read and execute one command only
     -uu        Report error if actual value of shell variable is null
     -vv        Print each line as read
     -xx        Print each command and argument as executed
     -         Cancel -vv and -xx options

The following reserved tokens may not be used in the first position of the
command unless quoted:

        ccaassee ddoo ddoonnee eelliiff eellssee ffii ffoorr iinn tthheenn uunnttiill wwhhiillee { } ( )

If the first token is not reserved, it is treated as the name of a command.
The remaining tokens are treated as arguments.  The characters * ? [ ] specify
patterns that match file names.  To quote characters or strings, these escape
characters are provided:

        '...' "..." \

Each _t_o_k_e_n, unless quoted, is checked for substitutions.
#shift
sshhiifftt -- Shift positional parameters

sshhiifftt

The shell executes sshhiifftt directly.
#shutdown
sshhuuttddoowwnn -- Shut down the COHERENT system

/eettcc/sshhuuttddoowwnn

#size
ssiizzee -- Print size of an object file

ssiizzee [_f_i_l_e ...]

#sleep
sslleeeepp -- Stop executing for a specified time

sslleeeepp _s_e_c_o_n_d_s

#sort
ssoorrtt -- Sort lines of text

ssoorrtt [-bbccddffiimmnnrruu] [-tt _c] [-oo _o_u_t_f_i_l_e] [-TT _d_i_r] [+_b_e_g[-_e_n_d]][_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Check if input is already ordered
     -mm        Merge already-sorted input files
     -oo _n_a_m_e   Place output in _n_a_m_e, not stdout
     -tt_c       Tab character is _c
     -TT _d_i_r    Use _d_i_r for temporary files
     -uu        Output only records with unique keys
_K_e_y _o_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb        Skip leading blanks in fields
     -dd        Dictionary ordering for keys
     -ff        Fold upper case into lower case in key comparison
     -ii        Ignore control characters in key comparison
     -nn        Numeric comparison
     -rr        Reverse sort ordering
_P_o_s_i_t_i_o_n:
     +_m._n_f     Key starts _m fields into record and _n characters into that
               field; _f may contain optional flags from key options above which
               apply only to that positional
     -_m._n_f     Optional ending position of key (same form as above)

If no _f_i_l_e is given, sort stdin.
#spell
ssppeellll -- Find spelling errors

ssppeellll [-aa][-bb][_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Use American variant of the dictionary (default)
     -bb        Use British variant of the dictionary
#split
sspplliitt -- Split a text file into smaller files

sspplliitt [-_n_l_i_n_e_s][-cc_c_o_u_n_t][_i_n_f_i_l_e [_o_u_t_f_i_l_e] ]

If _i_n_f_i_l_e _i_s `-' _o_r _n_o _i_n_f_i_l_e, stdin is read.  _o_u_t_f_i_l_e defaults to xx.  _n_l_i_n_e_s
is number of lines for text files, _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s is the character count for binary
files.
#srcpath
ssrrccppaatthh -- Find source files

ssrrccppaatthh [-aaww] [-pp _p_a_t_h] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Disable shadowing: print all instances of file it finds along
               SSRRCCPPAATTHH, not just first
     -pp _p_a_t_h   Use _p_a_t_h instead of SSRRCCPPAATTHH
     -ww        Print warning when you lack permission to read file or directory
#strings
ssttrriinnggss -- Print all character strings from a file

ssttrriinnggss [-ddooppxx] [-_l_e_n_g_t_h] [_f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Print offset of each string in decimal
     -oo        Print offset of each string in octal
     -pp        Mask out the parity bit
     -xx        Print offset of each string in hexadecimal
#strip
ssttrriipp -- Strip debug, relocation, and symbol tables from executable file

ssttrriipp -ddrrss _f_i_l_e [...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Keep debug information
     -rr        Keep relocation information
     -ss        Keep symbols
#stty
ssttttyy -- Set/print terminal modes

ssttttyy [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     99660000      Baud rate: any valid terminal speed accepted
     00         Hang up phone immediately
     [bbrreeaakk|eeooff|eerraassee|iinntteerrrruupptt|kkiillll|qquuiitt|ssttaarrtt|ssttoopp] _c
               Set specified character to _c
     aallll       Display all modes
     ccbbrreeaakk    Enable break after every input character
     -ccbbrreeaakk   Disable break after every input character
     ccrrtt       Enable crt character erasing
     -ccrrtt      Disable crt character erasing
     eecchhoo      Enable input character echoing
     -eecchhoo     Disable input character echoing
     eevveenn      Enable even parity
     -eevveenn     Disable even parity
     eexxccll      Enable exclusive use
     -eexxccll     Disable exclusive use
     fflluusshh     Flush input queues
     -fflluusshh    Do not flush input queues
     hhuupp       Enable hang up on last close
     -hhuupp      Disable hang up on last close
     nnll        Disable newline mapping
     -nnll       Enable newline mapping
     oodddd       Enable odd parity
     -oodddd      Disable odd parity
     pprriinntt     Print terminal attributes
     rraaww       Enable raw mode
     -rraaww      Disable raw mode
     ssaannee      Set terminal to a known state
     ttaabbss      Disable tab expansion
     -ttaabbss     Enable tab expansion
     ttaannddeemm    Enable tandem (start/stop) mode
     -ttaannddeemm   Disable tandem (start/stop) mode

If no _o_p_t_i_o_n is specified, ssttttyy prints the modes of the standard-output device
on stderr.
#su
ssuu -- Substitute user id, become superuser

ssuu [_u_s_e_r [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] ]

#sum
ssuumm -- Print checksum of a file

ssuumm [_f_i_l_e ...]

#sync
ssyynncc -- Flush system buffers

ssyynncc

#tail
ttaaiill -- Print the end of a file

ttaaiill [+_n[bbccffll]] [_f_i_l_e]
ttaaiill [-_n[bbccffll]] [_f_i_l_e]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     +_n        _n counts from beginning of file
     -_n        _n counts from end of file
     bb         _n is in blocks
     cc         _n is in characters (bytes)
     ll         _n is in lines (default)
#tar
ttaarr -- V7 tape archive manager

ttaarr [ccrrttuuxx[00-77bbffllmmvvwwUU] [_b_l_o_c_k_s] [_a_r_c_h_i_v_e] _f_i_l_e ...

_D_i_r_e_c_t_i_v_e_s:
     cc         Create a new archive, overwriting any old contents
     rr         Replace (append) the named files in the archive
     tt         Write a table of contents of the archive to stdout
     uu         Update the archive (replace mode)
     xx         Extract the named files from the archive
_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     00-77       A single octal digit specifies a tape unit
     BB         Next argument is the blocking factor
     ff         Next argument is the archive name
     ll         Report broken links
     mm         Ignore the mmttiimmee for each extracted file
     UU         Tape written on a non-COHERENT system
     vv         Verbose flag
     ww         Interactive mode
#tee
tteeee -- Branch pipe output

tteeee [ -aa ] [ -ii ] [ _f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa        Append to each output _f_i_l_e
     -ii        Ignore interrupts
#test
tteesstt -- Evaluate conditional expression

tteesstt _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     _e_x_p_1 -aa _e_x_p_2
               Both expressions are true
     -bb _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is block-special (kksshh)
     -cc _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is character-special (kksshh)
     -dd _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is a directory
     _f_i_l_e_1 -eeff _f_i_l_e_2
               Files are identical (kksshh)
     _n_1 -eeqq _n_2 Numbers are equal
     -ff _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e exists and is not a directory
     -gg _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e has sseettggiidd bit set (kksshh)
     _n_1 -ggee _n_2 _n_1 is greater than or equal to _n_2
     _n_1 -ggtt _n_2 _n_1 greater than _n_2
     -kk _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e has sticky bit set (kksshh)
     -LL _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is a symbolic link (kksshh)
     _n_1 -llee _n_2 _n_1 is less than or equal to _n_2
     _n_1 -lltt _n_2 _n_1 is less than _n_2
     -nn _s_t_r_i_n_g ssttrriinngg has non-zero length
     _n_1 -nnee _n_2 _n_1 does not equal _n_2
     _f_1 -nntt _f_2 _f_1 is newer than _f_2 (kksshh)
     _e_x_p_1 -oo _e_x_p_2
               Either _e_x_p_1 or _e_x_p_2 is true
     _f_1 -oott _f_2 _f_1 is older than _f_2 (kksshh)
     -pp _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is a named pipe (kksshh)
     -rr _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is readable
     -ss _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e exists and has nonzero length
     -tt [_f_d]   _f_d describes a terminal
     -uu _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e has sseettuuiidd set (kksshh)
     -ww _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is writable
     -xx _f_i_l_e   _f_i_l_e is executable (kksshh)
     -zz _s_t_r_i_n_g _s_t_r_i_n_g has zero length
     _s_t_r_i_n_g    _s_t_r_i_n_g has non-zero length
     _s_1 = _s_2   _s_1 equals string _s_2
     ! _e_x_p     Negate logical value of _e_x_p
     _s_1 != _s_2  String _s_1 does not equal _s_2
     (_e_x_p)     Parentheses group expressions
#time
ttiimmee -- Time the execution of a command

ttiimmee [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d]

If no _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, print the date.
#times
ttiimmeess -- Print total user and system times

ttiimmeess

#touch
ttoouucchh -- Update modification time of a file

ttoouucchh [ -cc ] _f_i_l_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -cc        Do not create _f_i_l_e if it does not exist

The shell executes ttoouucchh directly.
#tr
ttrr -- Translate characters

ttrr [-ccddss] _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 [_s_t_r_i_n_g_2]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Complement the characters in _s_t_r_i_n_g_1
     -dd        Delete characters found in _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 (_n_o _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 needed)
     -ss        Squeeze multiple output mappings onto one character

Both strings may contain ranges.  Characters may have form \_n_n_n.
#trap
ttrraapp -- Execute command on receipt of signal

ttrraapp [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [_n ...]

The shell executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d on receipt of signal _n ....  If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d omitted, the
shell resets traps on given signals to original values.  If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a null
string, given signals are ignored.  If _n is zero, the shell executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
when it exits.  With no arguments, it prints currently set traps.  The shell
executes trap directly.
#troff
ttrrooffff -- Extended text-formatting language

ttrrooffff [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -DD        Display available fonts
     -ff _n_a_m_e   Write temporary file in file _n_a_m_e
     -ii        Read stdin after each _f_i_l_e has been read
     -kk        Keep temporary file
     -ll        Landscape mode
     -mm_n_a_m_e    Read macro package /uussrr/lliibb/ttmmaacc._n_a_m_e
     -nn_N       Number first page of output _N (default, one)
     -pp        Produce PostScript output
     -rr_a_N      Set number register _a to value _N
     -xx        Do not eject to bottom of final page
#true
ttrruuee -- Unconditional success

ttrruuee

#tsort
ttssoorrtt -- Topological sort

ttssoorrtt [_f_i_l_e]

#tty
ttttyy -- Print the user's terminal name

ttttyy

#ttystat
ttttyyssttaatt -- Get terminal status

/eettcc/ttttyyssttaatt [ -dd ] _p_o_r_t

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -dd        Print status of _p_o_r_t

Returns exit status 1 if specified port is enabled, 0 if disabled.  Prints
nothing unless -dd option specified.
#typeset
ttyyppeesseett -- Set/list variables and their attributes

ttyyppeesseett
ttyyppeesseett [+-]ffrr
ttyyppeesseett [ iirrxx ] _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e=_v_a_l_u_e


_F_i_r_s_t _f_o_r_m: List all variables and their attributes
_S_e_c_o_n_d _f_o_r_m:
     +ff        List functions
     -ff        List functions plus values
     +rr        List read-only variables
     -rr        List read-only variables plus values

_T_h_i_r_d _f_o_r_m: Set _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e to equal _v_a_l_u_e
     ii         Store _v_a_l_u_e as an integer
     rr         List read-only variables
     xx         Export _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e=_f_R _t_o _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t

kksshh only.
#typo
ttyyppoo -- Detect possible typographical and spelling errors

ttyyppoo [-nnrrss][_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -nn        Do not use built-in English statistics or dictionary
     -rr        Raw; do not remove nroff commands from the input
     -ss        Produce _d_i_g_r_a_m_s and _t_r_i_g_r_a_m_s files (maintenance only)
#umask
uummaasskk -- Set the file-creation mask

uummaasskk [_v_a_l_u_e]

The shell executes uummaasskk directly.
#umount
uummoouunntt -- Unmount file system

/eettcc/uummoouunntt _s_p_e_c_i_a_l

#unalias
uunnaalliiaass -- Remove an alias

uunnaalliiaass _a_l_i_a_s ...
kksshh only.  kksshh only.

#uncompress
uunnccoommpprreessss -- Uncompress a compressed file

uunnccoommpprreessss [ -ww _t_m_p_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -ww        Use _t_m_p_f_i_l_e as the workfile (default, /ddeevv/rraamm11)
#uniq
uunniiqq -- Remove/count repeated lines in a sorted file

uunniiqq [-ccdduu] [-_n] [+_n] [_i_n_f_i_l_e[_o_u_t_f_i_l_e]]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Print duplication count with lines
     -dd        Print only duplicated lines
     -nn        Skip _n fields during comparison
     +nn        Skip _n characters (after skipping fields)
     -uu        Print only non-repeated lines
#units
uunniittss -- Convert measurements

uunniittss [ -uu ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -uu        Update binary file only

uunniittss works interactively.
#unmkfs
uunnmmkkffss -- Construct a prototype file system

uunnmmkkffss [-_p_r_e_f_i_x] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _n_b_l_o_c_k_s [_f_i_l_e]

#until
uunnttiill -- Execute commands repeatedly

uunnttiill _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_1 [ ddoo _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_2 ] ddoonnee

Both ddoo and ddoonnee must be the first token on a line or preceded by `;'.  The
shell executes uunnttiill directly.
#ustar
uussttaarr -- Process tape archives

uussttaarr -cc[vvww] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] _f_i_l_e ...
uussttaarr -rr[vvww] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] _f_i_l_e ...
uussttaarr -tt[vv] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e]
uussttaarr -xx[llmmoovvww] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] [_f_i_l_e ...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Create a new archive
     -rr        Append _f_i_l_e into _a_r_c_h_i_v_e
     -tt        Print table of contents for _a_r_c_h_i_v_e
     -xx        Extract _f_i_l_e from _a_r_c_h_i_v_e
_M_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s:
     -ff        Next argument names output archive
     -ll        Print error message if all links cannot be resolved (cc or rr
               commands only)
     -mm        Do not restore modification time (invalid with tt)
     -oo        Give extracted files your user and group identifiers (xx command
               only)
     -vv        Verbose option
     -ww        Wait option: wait for confirmation before continuing
#uucico
uuuucciiccoo -- Transmit data to or from a remote site

/uussrr/lliibb/uuuuccpp/uuuucciiccoo [ -rr11 ] [ -ss_s_i_t_e ] [ -SS_s_i_t_e ] [ -xx_l_e_v_e_l ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -rr00       Act as slave in polling process
     -rr11       Act as master in polling process; default
     -ss_s_i_t_e    Poll _s_i_t_e
     -ssSS_s_i_t_e   Poll _s_i_t_e unconditionally
     -xx_l_e_v_e_l   Run in debug mode; _l_e_v_e_l sets level of debugging, from 1 to 10
#uucp
uuuuccpp -- Ready files for transmission to other systems

uuuuccpp [ -ccCCddffmmrr ] [-gg_g_r_a_d_e] [-nn_u_s_e_r] [-ss _d_i_r] [-xx_n] _s_o_u_r_c_e ... _d_e_s_t

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Do not copy source to spool directory (default)
     -CC        Copy source file to spool directory
     -dd        Create directories as required on destination
     -ff        Do not make intermediate directories.
     -gg_g_r_a_d_e   Assign _g_r_a_d_e (one ASCII character) importance
     -mm        Send mail to requester when file is sent
     -nn_u_s_e_r    Notify _u_s_e_r (on destination system) when file received
     -rr        Spool transfer request, do not initiate uuuucciiccoo
     -xx_l_e_v_e_l   Assign debug _l_e_v_e_l (0 to 9)
#uudecode
uuuuddeeccooddee -- Decode a binary file sent from a remote system

uuuuddeeccooddee [ _f_i_l_e ]

#uuencode
uuuueennccooddee -- Encode a binary file for transmission

uuuueennccooddee [ _s_o_u_r_c_e ] _r_e_m_o_t_e_d_e_s_t

#uuinstall
uuuuiinnssttaallll -- Install UUCP

uuuuiinnssttaallll

#uulog
uuuulloogg -- Examine UUCP operations

uuuulloogg [ -ffxx ] [ _s_y_s_t_e_m ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ff        Show UUCP activity as it is logged; like ttaaiill -ff
     -xx        Display logs for uuuuxxqqtt instead of uuuucciiccoo
#uumvlog
uuuummvvlloogg -- Archive UUCP log files

uuuummvvlloogg _d_a_y_s

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     _d_a_y_s      Number of days for which logs should be kept
#uuname
uuuunnaammee -- List UUCP names of known systems

uuuunnaammee [ -ll ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n:
     -ll        Print name of the local system
#uurmlock
uuuurrmmlloocckk -- Remove UUCP lock files

uuuurrmmlloocckk

#uutouch
uuuuttoouucchh -- Touch a file to trigger uucico poll

uuuuttoouucchh _s_y_s_t_e_m

#uux
uuuuxx -- Execute a command on a remote system

uuuuxx [-aa _u_s_e_r] [-gg _g_r_a_d_e] [-rrnnppzz] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d-_s_t_r_i_n_g

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -aa _u_s_e_r   Name _u_s_e_r as requester
     -gg _l      Set importance of transmission; _l is a single ASCII character
     -nn        Suppress notification of command completion
     -pp        Input to uuuuxx is a pipe or input redirection
     -rr        Queue uuuuxx request; do not invoke uuuucciiccoo
     -zz        Notify requestor when _c_o_m_m_a_n_d-_l_i_n_e succeeds
#uuxqt
uuuuxxqqtt -- Execute commands requested by a remote system

uuuuxxqqtt

#vi
vvii -- Clone of Berkeley-style screen editor

vvii [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ +_c_m_d ] [ _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7 ]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -ee        Begin in colon-command mode
     -ii        Begin in input mode
     -rr        Recover a previous edit
     -RR        Read-only mode
     -tt _t_a_g    Begin editing at _t_a_g
     -mm        Use in error-handling mode
     -vv        Begin in visual-command mode
     +_c_o_m_m_a_n_d  Execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d before editing
#view
vviieeww -- Screen-oriented viewing utility

vviieeww _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7

#virec
vviirreecc -- Recover the modified version of a file after a crash

vviirreecc [-dd _t_m_p_d_i_r] _t_e_x_t_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e...
vviirreecc </ttmmpp/eellvv_X_X_X

#wait
wwaaiitt -- Await completion of background process

wwaaiitt [_p_i_d]

_p_i_d identifies the process whose completion is awaited.  If no _p_i_d is given,
wwaaiitt awaits completion of all background processes.  The shell executes wwaaiitt
directly.
#wall
wwaallll -- Send a message to all logged-in users

/eettcc/wwaallll

#wc
wwcc -- Count words, lines, and characters in text files

wwcc [-ccllww] [_f_i_l_e...]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -cc        Print count of characters
     -ll        Print count of lines
     -ww        Print count of words

If no _f_i_l_e is given, wwcc reads stdin; if more than one _f_i_l_e is given, it also
prints a total.
#whence
wwhheennccee -- List a command's type

wwhheennccee [-vv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ...

kksshh only.
#whereis
wwhheerreeiiss -- Locate source, binary, and manual files

wwhheerreeiiss [-bbmmrrssuu] [-BBMMSS _d_i_r ... -ff] _n_a_m_e ...

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -bb        Search only for for binary files
     -mm        Search only for manual pages
     -rr        Search each _d_i_r downwardly recursively
     -ss        Search only for source files
     -uu        Search for unusual files
     -BB        Search each _d_i_r for binary files
     -MM        Search each _d_i_r for manual pages
     -RR        Search each _d_i_r downwardly recursively
     -SS        Search each _d_i_r for source files
     -ff        Terminate directory list begun by -BBMMRRSS options
#which
wwhhiicchh -- Locate executable files

wwhhiicchh _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ...

#while
wwhhiillee -- Execute commands repeatedly

wwhhiillee _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_1 [ddoo _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_2] ddoonnee

Both ddoo and ddoonnee must be the first token on a line or preceded by `;'.  The
shell executes wwhhiillee directly.
#who
wwhhoo -- Print who is logged in

wwhhoo [_f_i_l_e] [aamm ii]

#write
wwrriittee -- Converse with another user

wwrriittee _u_s_e_r [ _t_t_y ]

Name the _t_t_y if _u_s_e_r is logged in on more than one port.
#yacc
yyaacccc -- Parser generator

yyaacccc [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] _f_i_l_e
cccc yy.ttaabb.cc [-llyy]

_O_p_t_i_o_n_s:
     -dd        Enable debugging output (implies -vv)
     -hhddrr      Next argument is name of header file (default, yy.ttaabb.hh)
     -ll        Next argument is name of listfile (default, yy.oouuttppuutt)
     -sstt       Print statistics on standard output
     -vv        Verbose (extra output in listfile)

After each of the following, the next argument is a number to reset table size:
     -nntteerrmmss   Nonterminal symbols (default, 100)
     -pprrooddss    Productions or rules (default, 175)
     -ssttaatteess   States (default, 300)
     -tteerrmmss    Terminal symbols (default, 300)
     -ttyyppeess    Types (default, 10)
#yes
yyeess -- Print infinitely many responses

yyeess [ _s_t_r_i_n_g ]

#zcat
zzccaatt -- Concatenate a compressed file

zzccaatt [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

